CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Guam - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"626c5ead-4368-49b8-afbe-08d60a2515ee","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Guam","wgTitle":"Guam","wgCurRevisionId":1260704966,"wgRevisionId":1260704966,"wgArticleId":11974,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Phonos extension","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from September 2010","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with German-language sources (de)","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Articles with dead external links from January 2022","Articles with permanently dead external links","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata", "Use mdy dates from March 2024","Articles containing Chamorro-language text","Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Pages with Chamorro IPA","Articles to be expanded from May 2023","All articles to be expanded","Articles containing Japanese-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2019","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2023","All articles with vague or ambiguous time","Vague or ambiguous time from August 2023","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata","Pages using Sister project links with default search", "Coordinates on Wikidata","Guam","1898 establishments in Oceania","Dependent territories in Micronesia","Dependent territories in Oceania","English-speaking countries and territories","Former Spanish colonies","Insular areas of the United States","Island countries","Islands of Oceania","Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization","Pacific islands of the United States","Small Island Developing States","States and territories established in 1898","World War II sites"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Guam","wgRelevantArticleId":11974,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Religion_in_Guam","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0, "wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Guam#Religion","wgCoordinates":{"lat":13.5,"lon":144.8},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q16635","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="644"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/800px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="429"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/640px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="343"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Guam - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam#Religion"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam#Religion"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Guam rootpage-Guam skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Guam" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Guam" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Guam" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Guam" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Contact_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Contact_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-Contact era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Contact_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Spanish era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>American era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Post-war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography and environment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_environment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography and environment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budget_and_unemployment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budget_and_unemployment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Budget and unemployment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budget_and_unemployment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pacific_migration_to_Guam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacific_migration_to_Guam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Pacific migration to Guam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacific_migration_to_Guam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Military bases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Political status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Villages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Villages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Villages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Villages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation_and_communications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation_and_communications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation and communications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation_and_communications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Health care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Guam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 157 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-157" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">157 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%93%E1%88%9D" title="ጓም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጓም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE" title="गुआम – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="गुआम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85" title="غوام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غوام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goam" title="Goam – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Goam" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quam" title="Quam – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Quam" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85" title="گوام – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گوام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="গুয়াম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гуам – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гуам" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гуам – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гуам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гуам – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гуам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гуам – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гуам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam_Island" title="Guam Island – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Guam Island" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A5han" title="Guåhan – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Guåhan" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwam" title="Gwam – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwam" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8E%DE%AA%DE%87%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ގުއާމު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ގުއާމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BC" title="Γκουάμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκουάμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvamo" title="Gvamo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gvamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%85" title="گوآم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوآم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BBam" title="Gûam – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gûam" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%8C" title="괌 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="괌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Գուամ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գուամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE" title="गुआम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुआम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="গুৱাম – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="গুৱাম" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гуам – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гуам" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvam" title="Gvam – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gvam" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9D" title="גואם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גואם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C" title="ಗುವಾಮ್‌‌‌‌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗುವಾಮ್‌‌‌‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="გუამი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გუამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гуам – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гуам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwami" title="Gwami – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Gwami" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwanm" title="Gwanm – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gwanm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гуам – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гуам" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A1" title="ກວມ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກວມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guama" title="Guama – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Guama" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guama" title="Guama – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Guama" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guamas" title="Guamas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Guamas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гуам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гуам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82" title="ഗുവാം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗുവാം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuamu" title="Kuamu – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kuamu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE" title="ग्वॉम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्वॉम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="გუამი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გუამი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جوام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85" title="گوام – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گوام" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гуам – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гуам" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%B0%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဂူအမ်ကျွန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂူအမ်ကျွန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="ग्वाम – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ग्वाम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0" title="グアム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グアム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гуам – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гуам" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AE" title="ਗੁਆਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁਆਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85" title="گوام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گوام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98" title="ក្វាម – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ក្វាម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гуам – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гуам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гуам – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гуам" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuamu" title="Kuamu – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kuamu" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="ගුආම් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගුආම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvam" title="Gvam – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gvam" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85" title="گوام – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گوام" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гвам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гвам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="குவாம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குவாம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гуам – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гуам" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B5%E1%82%82%E1%81%A2%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="ၵႂၢမ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၵႂၢမ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1" title="กวม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กวม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гуам – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гуам" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuamu" title="Kuamu – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kuamu" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гуам – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гуам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85" title="گوام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گوام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam_Aril" title="Guam Aril – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Guam Aril" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E5%B2%9B" title="关岛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="关岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E5%B3%B6" title="關島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="關島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E5%B3%B6" title="關島 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="關島" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Guam" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16635#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Guam" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Guam"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Guam"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Guam" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Guam" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&oldid=1260704966" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Guam&id=1260704966&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGuam%23Religion"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGuam%23Religion"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Guam&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Guam" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Guam" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Guam" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16635" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Guam&params=13_30_N_144_48_E_region:GU_type:isle_scale:250000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">144°48′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.500°N 144.800°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">13.500; 144.800</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Guam&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Guam">Religion in Guam</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. territory in the Pacific Ocean</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the U.S. territory. For the international organization, see <a href="/wiki/GUAM_Organization_for_Democracy_and_Economic_Development" title="GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development">GUAM</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unincorporated and organized U.S. territory in the United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Guam</div><div class="ib-pol-div-native nickname"><span title="Chamorro-language text"><i lang="ch">Guåhan</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Unincorporated and organized U.S. territory</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Guam"><img alt="Flag of Guam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/130px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/195px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/260px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="396" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Guam" title="Flag of Guam">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Guam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Guam"><img alt="Official seal of Guam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Seal_of_Guam.svg/65px-Seal_of_Guam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Seal_of_Guam.svg/98px-Seal_of_Guam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Seal_of_Guam.svg/130px-Seal_of_Guam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="168" data-file-height="252" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Guam" title="Seal of Guam">Seal</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames"><b>Nickname(s)</b>:</a> <div class="ib-pol-div-nick nickname"><span title="Chamorro-language text"><span lang="ch" style="font-style: normal;">"Tånó y Chamoru"</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a>)</span> (English: <span lang="en">"Land of the Chamorro"</span>)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_mottos" title="List of U.S. state and territory mottos"><b>Motto</b>:</a> <div class="ib-pol-div-motto nickname"><span title="Chamorro-language text"><span lang="ch" style="font-style: normal;">"Tånó I' Man Chamoru"</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a>)</span><br />(English: <span lang="en">"Land of the Chamorros"</span>)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_songs" title="List of U.S. state songs"><b>Anthem</b>:</a> "<a href="/wiki/Stand_Ye_Guamanians" title="Stand Ye Guamanians">Stand Ye Guamanians</a>" (regional)<br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="48" data-mwtitle="Stand_Ye_Guamanians.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Stand_Ye_Guamanians.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/Stand_Ye_Guamanians.oga/Stand_Ye_Guamanians.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStand_Ye_Guamanians.oga&lang=ch&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ch" label="Chamoru ‪(ch)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStand_Ye_Guamanians.oga&lang=el&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="el" label="Ελληνικά ‪(el)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStand_Ye_Guamanians.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStand_Ye_Guamanians.oga&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStand_Ye_Guamanians.oga&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStand_Ye_Guamanians.oga&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStand_Ye_Guamanians.oga&lang=mh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mh" label="Ebon ‪(mh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStand_Ye_Guamanians.oga&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStand_Ye_Guamanians.oga&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStand_Ye_Guamanians.oga&lang=yue&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="yue" label="粵語 ‪(yue)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStand_Ye_Guamanians.oga&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStand_Ye_Guamanians.oga&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStand_Ye_Guamanians.oga&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div><br /> "<a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>" (official)<br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="79" data-mwtitle="Star_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/Star_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg/Star_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Star_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=bi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bi" label="Bislama ‪(bi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=bn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bn" label="বাংলা ‪(bn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=cs&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="cs" label="čeština ‪(cs)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=eo&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eo" label="Esperanto ‪(eo)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=eu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eu" label="euskara ‪(eu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=fa&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fa" label="فارسی ‪(fa)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=fi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fi" label="suomi ‪(fi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=it&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="it" label="italiano ‪(it)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=mi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mi" label="Māori ‪(mi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=ml&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ml" label="മലയാളം ‪(ml)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=sm&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sm" label="Gagana Samoa ‪(sm)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=to&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="to" label="lea faka-Tonga ‪(to)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-hk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文（香港） ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AStar_Spangled_Banner_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guam_on_the_globe_(Southeast_Asia_centered)_(small_islands_magnified).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Guam (circled in red)"><img alt="Location of Guam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Guam_on_the_globe_%28Southeast_Asia_centered%29_%28small_islands_magnified%29.svg/290px-Guam_on_the_globe_%28Southeast_Asia_centered%29_%28small_islands_magnified%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Guam_on_the_globe_%28Southeast_Asia_centered%29_%28small_islands_magnified%29.svg/435px-Guam_on_the_globe_%28Southeast_Asia_centered%29_%28small_islands_magnified%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Guam_on_the_globe_%28Southeast_Asia_centered%29_%28small_islands_magnified%29.svg/580px-Guam_on_the_globe_%28Southeast_Asia_centered%29_%28small_islands_magnified%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="901" data-file-height="897" /></a></span><div class="ib-pol-div-caption">Location of Guam (circled in red)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before annexation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">Cession from Spain</a></th><td class="infobox-data">December 10, 1898</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagåtña">Hagåtña</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dededo" title="Dededo">Dededo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-pol-div-ethnic"> (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_Factbook_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Factbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>49.3% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a></li> <li>36.6% <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a></li> <li>9.4% <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiracial</a></li> <li>7.1% <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a></li> <li>0.6% <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Other</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-pol-div-religion"> (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-Religion_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>94.1% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christianity</a></li> <li>1.7% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">No religion</a></li> <li>1.5% Folk religions</li> <li>1.1% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">Buddhism</a></li> <li>1.6% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Other</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guamanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Guamanian">Guamanian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guam" title="Politics of Guam">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">Devolved</a> presidential <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependency</a> within a <a href="/wiki/Federal_republic" title="Federal republic">federal republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Guam" title="List of governors of Guam">Governor</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Leon_Guerrero" title="Lou Leon Guerrero">Lou Leon Guerrero</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Guam" title="Democratic Party of Guam">D</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Guam" title="Lieutenant Governor of Guam">Lieutenant Governor</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josh_Tenorio" title="Josh Tenorio">Josh Tenorio</a> (D)</span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Guam" title="Legislature of Guam">Legislature of Guam</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Guam%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Guam's at-large congressional district">House delegate</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Moylan" title="James Moylan">James Moylan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Guam" title="Republican Party of Guam">R</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guam" title="Geography of Guam">Area</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">210 sq mi (540 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,334 ft (407 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guam" title="Demographics of Guam">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2021 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">168,801<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_Factbook_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Factbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">177th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">299/km<sup>2</sup> (774.4/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2016 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$5.8 billion<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_Factbook_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Factbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$35,600<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_Factbook_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Factbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2019 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$6.3 billion<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$37,387</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2017)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.901<br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">very high</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a> (US$) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">USD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B10:00" title="UTC+10:00">UTC+10:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chamorro_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamorro Standard Time">ChST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">mm/dd/yyyy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone numbers in Guam">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">+1</a>-<a href="/wiki/Area_code_671" title="Area code 671">671</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_abbreviations#Postal_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state abbreviations">USPS abbreviation</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="postal-code">GU</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GU" title="ISO 3166-2:GU">GU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US-GU</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.gu" title=".gu">.gu</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Guam</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/30\/En-us-Guam.ogg\/En-us-Guam.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Guam.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-Guam.ogg/En-us-Guam.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Guam.ogg" title="File:En-us-Guam.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GWAHM</span></i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a>: <i lang="ch">Guåhan</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ch-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈɡʷɑhɑn]</a></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">organized, unincorporated territory of the United States</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a> subregion of the western <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oia_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guam's capital is <a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a>, and the most populous village is <a href="/wiki/Dededo" title="Dededo">Dededo</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_United_States#Westernmost_points" title="List of extreme points of the United States">westernmost point</a> and territory of the United States, reckoned from the <a href="/wiki/Geographic_center_of_the_United_States" title="Geographic center of the United States">geographic center of the U.S.</a> In <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>, Guam is the largest and southernmost of the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a> and the largest island in <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>. As of 2022, its population was 168,801. Chamorros are its largest ethnic group, but a minority on the multiethnic island. The territory spans 210 square miles (540 km<sup>2</sup>; 130,000 acres) and has a population density of 775 per square mile (299/km<sup>2</sup>). </p><p>Indigenous Guamanians are the <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a>, who are related to the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a> peoples of the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Taiwan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>. But unlike most of its neighbors, the <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro language</a> is not classified as a <a href="/wiki/Micronesian_languages" title="Micronesian languages">Micronesian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian</a> language. Rather, like <a href="/wiki/Palauan_language" title="Palauan language">Palauan</a>, it possibly constitutes an independent branch of the <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian language family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blust_2000_83–122_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blust_2000_83–122-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2017_435–490_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_2017_435–490-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chamorro people settled Guam and the Mariana islands approximately 3,500 years ago. Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a>, while in the service of Spain, was the first European to visit and claim the island on March 6, 1521. Guam was fully colonized by <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spain</a> in 1668. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, Guam was an important stopover for Spanish <a href="/wiki/Manila_galleons" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila galleons">Manila galleons</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>, the United States <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Guam" title="Capture of Guam">captured Guam</a> on June 21, 1898. Under the 1898 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">Treaty of Paris</a>, Spain ceded Guam to the U.S. effective April 11, 1899. </p><p>Before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Guam was one of five American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean, along with <a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a> in Micronesia, <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> in Polynesia, and the Philippines. On December 8, 1941, hours after the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Guam was captured</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a>, who <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Guam" title="Japanese occupation of Guam">occupied the island for two and a half years</a> before <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">American forces recaptured it</a> on July 21, 1944, which is commemorated there as <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Guam)" title="Liberation Day (Guam)">Liberation Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guam" title="Economy of Guam">Guam's economy</a> has been supported primarily by tourism and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">U.S. military</a>, for which Guam is a major strategic asset.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/51st_state#Guam" title="51st state">future political status</a> has been a matter of significant discussion, with public opinion polls indicating a strong preference for <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">American statehood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KUAM-2016_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KUAM-2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Freymann-2020_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freymann-2020-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guam's <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> motto is "Where America's Day Begins", which refers to the island's proximity to the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guam is among the 17 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_list_of_non-self-governing_territories" title="United Nations list of non-self-governing territories">non-self-governing territories listed by the United Nations</a>, and has been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Community" title="Pacific Community">Pacific Community</a> since 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guam is called <span title="Chamorro-language text"><i lang="ch">Guåhan</i></span> by Chamorro speakers, from the word <span title="Chamorro-language text"><i lang="ch">guaha</i></span>, meaning 'to have'; its English gloss 'we have' references the island's providing everything needed to live.<sup id="cite_ref-pdn_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Guam" title="History of Guam">History of Guam</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Contact_era">Pre-Contact era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-Contact era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands#Prehistory" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands § Prehistory</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/368px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png" decoding="async" width="368" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/552px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/736px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>A map showing the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian migrations</a> into the islands of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Guam, along with the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a>, were the first islands settled by humans in <a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote Oceania</a>. It was also the first and the longest of the ocean-crossing voyages of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a>, and is separate from the later <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Polynesian people">Polynesian</a> settlement of the rest of Remote Oceania. They were first settled around 1500 to 1400 BC, by migrants departing from the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> which was followed by a second migration from the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a> in the first millennium AD. A third migration wave took place from <a href="/wiki/Island_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Southeast Asia">Island Southeast Asia</a>, likely the Philippines or eastern <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, by 900 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-Hung_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hung-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zotomayor_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zotomayor-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These original settlers of Guam and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> evolved into the <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro people</a>, historically known as Chamorros after first contact with the Spaniards.<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 16">: 16 </span></sup> The ancient Chamorro society had four classes: <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">chamorri</i></span> (chiefs), <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">matua</i></span> (upper class), <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">achaot</i></span> (middle class), and <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">mana'chang</i></span> (lower class).<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20–21">: 20–21 </span></sup> The <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">matua</i></span> were located in the coastal villages, which meant they had the best access to fishing grounds. The <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">mana'chang</i></span> were located in the island's interior. <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">Matua</i></span> and <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">mana'chang</i></span> rarely communicated with each other. The <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">matua</i></span> often used <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">achaot</i></span> as intermediaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 21">: 21 </span></sup> </p><p>There were also "<span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">makåhna</i></span>" or "<span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">kakahna</i></span>", shamans with magical powers and "'<span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Suruhanu" title="Suruhanu">suruhånu</a></i></span>" or "<span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">suruhåna</i></span>", healers who used different kinds of plants and natural materials to make medicine. Belief in spirits of ancient Chamorros called "<span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Taotao_mo%27na" class="mw-redirect" title="Taotao mo'na">Taotao mo'na</a></i></span>" still persists as a remnant of pre-European culture. It is believed that "<span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">suruhånu</i></span>" or "<span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">suruhåna</i></span>" are the only ones who can safely harvest plants and other natural materials from their homes or "<span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">hålomtåno</i></span>" without incurring the wrath of the "<span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Taotao_mo%27na" class="mw-redirect" title="Taotao mo'na">Taotao mo'na</a></i></span>." Their society was organized along <a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">matrilineal</a> clans.<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 21">: 21 </span></sup> </p><p>The Chamorro people raised colonnades of megalithic capped pillars called <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Latte_stone" title="Latte stone">latte stones</a></i></span> upon which they built their homes. Latte stones are stone pillars that are found only in the Mariana Islands. They are a recent development in Pre-Contact Chamorro society. The latte-stone was used as a foundation on which thatched huts were built.<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 26">: 26 </span></sup> Latte stones consist of a base shaped from limestone called the <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">haligi</i></span> and with a capstone, or <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">tåsa</i></span>, made either from a large brain coral or limestone, placed on top.<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 27–28">: 27–28 </span></sup> A possible source for these stones, the <a href="/wiki/Rota_Latte_Stone_Quarry" title="Rota Latte Stone Quarry">Rota Latte Stone Quarry</a>, was discovered in 1925 on <a href="/wiki/Rota_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rota (island)">Rota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 28">: 28 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_era">Spanish era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Spanish era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Chamorro_Wars" title="Spanish–Chamorro Wars">Spanish–Chamorro Wars</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reception_of_the_Manila_Galleon_by_the_Chamorro_in_the_Ladrones_Islands,_ca._1590.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Reception_of_the_Manila_Galleon_by_the_Chamorro_in_the_Ladrones_Islands%2C_ca._1590.jpg/280px-Reception_of_the_Manila_Galleon_by_the_Chamorro_in_the_Ladrones_Islands%2C_ca._1590.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Reception_of_the_Manila_Galleon_by_the_Chamorro_in_the_Ladrones_Islands%2C_ca._1590.jpg/420px-Reception_of_the_Manila_Galleon_by_the_Chamorro_in_the_Ladrones_Islands%2C_ca._1590.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Reception_of_the_Manila_Galleon_by_the_Chamorro_in_the_Ladrones_Islands%2C_ca._1590.jpg/560px-Reception_of_the_Manila_Galleon_by_the_Chamorro_in_the_Ladrones_Islands%2C_ca._1590.jpg 2x" data-file-width="937" data-file-height="298" /></a><figcaption>Reception of the <a href="/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">Manila Galleon</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Ladrones Islands</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1590</span> <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Codex" title="Boxer Codex">Boxer Codex</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The first European to travel to Guam was Portuguese navigator <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a>, sailing for the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">King of Spain</a>, when he sighted the island on March 6, 1521, during his fleet's circumnavigation of the globe.<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 41–42">: 41–42 </span></sup> Despite Magellan's visit, Guam was not officially claimed by Spain until January 26, 1565, by <a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 46">: 46 </span></sup> From 1565 to 1815, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, the only Spanish outposts in the Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines, were reprovisioning stops for the <a href="/wiki/Manila_galleons" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila galleons">Manila galleons</a>, a fleet that covered the Pacific trade route between <a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 51">: 51 </span></sup> </p><p>Spanish colonization commenced on June 15, 1668, with the arrival of a mission led by <a href="/wiki/Diego_Luis_de_San_Vitores" title="Diego Luis de San Vitores">Diego Luis de San Vitores</a>, who established the first Catholic church.<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 64">: 64 </span></sup> The islands were part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a>, and part of the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain">Viceroyalty of New Spain</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 68">: 68 </span></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Spanish-Chamorro_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish-Chamorro Wars">Spanish-Chamorro Wars</a> on Guam began in 1670 over growing tensions with the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuit</a> mission, with the last large-scale uprising in 1683.<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 86">: 86 </span></sup> </p><p>Intermittent warfare, plus the typhoons of 1671 and 1693, and in particular the <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> epidemic of 1688, reduced the Chamorro population from 50,000 to 10,000, and finally to less than 5,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 86">: 86 </span></sup> Up until the late 19th century, Guam was encountered by adventurers and pirates, including <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavendish" title="Thomas Cavendish">Thomas Cavendish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olivier_van_Noort" title="Olivier van Noort">Olivier van Noort</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Eaton_(pirate)" title="John Eaton (pirate)">John Eaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Dampier" title="William Dampier">William Dampier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodes_Rogers" title="Woodes Rogers">Woodes Rogers</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Clipperton" title="John Clipperton">John Clipperton</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Shelvocke" title="George Shelvocke">George Shelvocke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bully_Hayes" title="Bully Hayes">William "Bully" Hayes</a>. </p><p>The island became a rest stop for <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whalers</a> starting in 1823.<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 145">: 145 </span></sup> A devastating typhoon struck the island on August 10, 1848, followed by a severe earthquake on January 25, 1849, which resulted in many refugees from the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a>, victims of a resultant <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 151">: 151 </span></sup> This earthquake was much more powerful than the 8.2 one that occurred on August 8, 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/1856_Guam_smallpox_epidemic" title="1856 Guam smallpox epidemic">a smallpox epidemic</a> killed 3,644 Guamanians in 1856, Carolinians and Japanese were permitted to settle in the Marianas.<sup id="cite_ref-Carano_21-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 157">: 157 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_era">American era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: American era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: info re the period between the December 10, 1898, cession to the U.S. and WW-I. See e.g., <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Destiny_s_Landfall/eh_HDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA102">https://www.google.com/books/edition/Destiny_s_Landfall/eh_HDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA102</a> and elsewhere for info.. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Guam" title="Capture of Guam">Capture of Guam</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_street_of_Agana_or_Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam_(1899-1900).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Main_street_of_Agana_or_Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a%2C_Guam_%281899-1900%29.jpg/330px-Main_street_of_Agana_or_Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a%2C_Guam_%281899-1900%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Main_street_of_Agana_or_Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a%2C_Guam_%281899-1900%29.jpg/495px-Main_street_of_Agana_or_Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a%2C_Guam_%281899-1900%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Main_street_of_Agana_or_Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a%2C_Guam_%281899-1900%29.jpg/660px-Main_street_of_Agana_or_Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a%2C_Guam_%281899-1900%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1928" data-file-height="830" /></a><figcaption>The main street of <a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1899</span>–1900</figcaption></figure> <p>After almost four centuries as part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Spain">Kingdom of Spain</a>, the United States <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Guam" title="Capture of Guam">occupied</a> the island following Spain's defeat in the 1898 <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">Treaty of Paris of 1898</a>. Guam was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> control on December 23, 1898, by <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_108-A" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 108-A">Executive Order 108-A</a> from 25th President <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>. </p><p>Guam was a station for American merchants and warships traveling to and from the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, which was another American acquisition from Spain, while the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> were sold by Spain to Germany for part of its rapidly expanding <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>. A U.S. Navy yard was established at <a href="/wiki/Piti,_Guam" title="Piti, Guam">Piti</a> in 1899. A <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a> barracks was established at <a href="/wiki/Sumay,_Guam" title="Sumay, Guam">Sumay</a> in 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-Rottman_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rottman-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 13">: 13 </span></sup> </p><p>A marine seaplane unit was stationed in Sumay from 1921 to 1930, the first in the Pacific.<sup id="cite_ref-Rottman_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rottman-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 13">: 13 </span></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Pacific_Cable_Company" title="Commercial Pacific Cable Company">Commercial Pacific Cable Company</a> built <a href="/wiki/Guam_Cable_Station" title="Guam Cable Station">a telegraph/telephone station</a> in 1903 for the first trans-Pacific communications cable, followed by <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_World_Airways" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan American World Airways">Pan American World Airways</a> establishing a seaplane base at Sumay for its trans-Pacific <i><a href="/wiki/China_Clipper" title="China Clipper">China Clipper</a></i> route.<sup id="cite_ref-Rottman_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rottman-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 15">: 15 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_I">World War I</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 10, 1914, the <b><a href="/wiki/SMS_Cormoran_(1909)" title="SMS Cormoran (1909)">SMS <i>Cormoran</i></a></b> (or <b>SMS <i>Cormoran II</i></b>), a German armed <a href="/wiki/Merchant_raider" title="Merchant raider">merchant raider</a>, was forced to seek port at <a href="/wiki/Apra_Harbor" title="Apra Harbor">Apra Harbor</a> on the U.S. territory of Guam after running short on coal. The United States, which was neutral at the time refused to supply provisions sufficient for the <i>Cormoran</i> to make a German port so the ship and her crew were interned until 1917. </p><p>On the morning of April 7, 1917, word reached Guam by telegraph cable that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">U.S. Congress had declared war on Germany</a>. The Naval <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Guam">Governor of Guam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Campbell_Smith" title="Roy Campbell Smith">Roy Campbell Smith</a>, sent two officers to inform the <i>Cormoran</i> that a state of war existed between the two countries, that the crew were now <a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">prisoners of war</a>, and that the ship must be surrendered. Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/USS_Supply_(1872)" title="USS Supply (1872)">USS <i>Supply</i></a> blocked the entrance to Apra Harbor to prevent any attempt to flee. In a separate boat, the two officers were accompanied by a barge commanded by Lt. W.A. Hall, who was designated prize master, and had brought 18 sailors and 15 Marines from the barracks at <a href="/wiki/Sumay,_Guam" title="Sumay, Guam">Sumay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sextant_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sextant-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoppe_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoppe-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seeing a launch from <i>Cormoran</i> hauling a barge of supplies back shore, Hall ordered shots fired across the bow of the launch until it hove to. Meanwhile, the two officers reached <i>Cormoran</i> and informed Captain <a href="/wiki/Adalbert_Zuckschwerdt" title="Adalbert Zuckschwerdt">Adalbert Zuckschwerdt</a> of the situation. Zuckschwerdt agreed to surrender his crew but refused to turn over the ship. The U.S. officers informed Zuckschwerdt that the <i>Cormoran</i> would be treated as an enemy combatant and left to inform Governor Smith of the situation. Unbeknownst to the Americans, the Germans had secreted an explosive device in the ship's coal bunker. Minutes after the Americans left, an explosion aboard <i>Cormoran</i> hurled debris across the harbor and her crew began abandoning ship. The two American boats and USS <i>Supply</i> immediately began to recover German sailors from the water, saving all but seven of the roughly 370 <i>Cormoran</i> crew. This incident, including the warning shots against the launch, accounted for the first violent action of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">United States in World War I</a>, first shots fired by the U.S. against Germany in World War I, the first German prisoners of war captured by the U.S., and the first Germans killed in action by the U.S. in World War I.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers1995_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers1995-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II">World War II</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3rd_Battalion_3rd_Marines_Agana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/3rd_Battalion_3rd_Marines_Agana.jpg/260px-3rd_Battalion_3rd_Marines_Agana.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/3rd_Battalion_3rd_Marines_Agana.jpg/390px-3rd_Battalion_3rd_Marines_Agana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/3rd_Battalion_3rd_Marines_Agana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">U.S. Marines</a> walk through the ruins of Hagåtña, July 1944.</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> attacked and invaded in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">1941 Battle of Guam</a> on December 8, at the same time as the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>. The Japanese renamed Guam <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Ōmiya-jima</i></span> (Great Shrine Island). The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Guam" title="Japanese occupation of Guam">Japanese occupation of Guam</a> lasted about 31 months. During this period, the indigenous people of Guam were subjected to beatings, forced labor, family separation, concentration camps, massacres, beheadings and rape.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the nearly three years of occupation approximately 1,100 Chamorros were killed, according to later US <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congressional</a> committee testimony in 2004. Some historians estimate that war violence killed 10% of Guam's then 20,000 population.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> returned and fought the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">1944 Battle of Guam</a> from July 21 to August 10, to recapture the island. July 21 is now a territorial holiday, <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Guam)" title="Liberation Day (Guam)">Liberation Day</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-war">Post-war</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After World War II, the <a href="/wiki/Guam_Organic_Act_of_1950" title="Guam Organic Act of 1950">Guam Organic Act of 1950</a> established Guam as an <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">unincorporated organized territory of the United States</a>, provided for the structure of the island's civilian government, and granted the people U.S. citizenship. The Governor of Guam was federally appointed until 1968 when the <a href="/wiki/Guam_Elective_Governor_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Guam Elective Governor Act">Guam Elective Governor Act</a> provided for the office's popular election.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 242">: 242 </span></sup> Since Guam is not a U.S. state, U.S. citizens residing on Guam are not allowed to vote for president and their congressional representative is a non-voting member.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They do, however, vote for party delegates in presidential primaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Curry_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curry-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969, <a href="/wiki/1969_Guamanian_unification_with_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands_referendum" title="1969 Guamanian unification with the Northern Mariana Islands referendum">a referendum on unification with the Northern Mariana Islands</a> was held and rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1970s, <a href="/wiki/Maryly_Van_Leer_Peck" title="Maryly Van Leer Peck">Maryly Van Leer Peck</a> started an engineering program, expanded <a href="/wiki/University_of_Guam" title="University of Guam">University of Guam</a>, and founded <a href="/wiki/Guam_Community_College" title="Guam Community College">Guam Community College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rottman_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rottman-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> In the same period, <a href="/wiki/Alby_Mangels" title="Alby Mangels">Alby Mangels</a>, Australian adventurer and filmmaker of <i><a href="/wiki/World_Safari" title="World Safari">World Safari</a></i> visited Guam during his six-year escapade on the leg of his voyage through the Pacific aboard the <i>Klaraborg</i>. </p><p>The removal of Guam's security clearance by President John F. Kennedy in 1963 allowed for the development of a <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> industry. When the United States closed <a href="/wiki/U.S._Naval_Base_Subic_Bay" title="U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay">U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clark_Air_Base" title="Clark Air Base">Clark Air Base</a> bases in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> after the expiration of their leases in the early 1990s, many of the forces stationed there were relocated to Guam.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a>, which hit Japan particularly hard, severely affected Guam's tourism industry. Military cutbacks in the 1990s also disrupted the island's economy. Economic recovery was further hampered by devastation from super typhoons <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Paka" title="Typhoon Paka">Paka</a> in 1997 and <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Pongsona" title="Typhoon Pongsona">Pongsona</a> in 2002, as well as the effects of the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 attacks">September 11 terrorist attacks</a> and the crash of <a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Flight_801" title="Korean Air Flight 801">Korean Air Flight 801</a> on tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_environment">Geography and environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography and environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guam" title="Geography of Guam">Geography of Guam</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Guam" title="Geology of Guam">Geology of Guam</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guam_ali_2011364_lrg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Guam_ali_2011364_lrg.jpg/280px-Guam_ali_2011364_lrg.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Guam_ali_2011364_lrg.jpg/420px-Guam_ali_2011364_lrg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Guam_ali_2011364_lrg.jpg/560px-Guam_ali_2011364_lrg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3994" data-file-height="5148" /></a><figcaption>A photograph of Guam from space captured by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s now decommissioned <a href="/wiki/Earth_observation_satellite" title="Earth observation satellite">Earth observation satellite</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing-1" title="Earth Observing-1">Earth Observing-1</a></i> (EO-1), December 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>Guam is 30.17 miles (48.55 kilometers) long and 4 to 12 miles (6 to 19 kilometers) wide. It has an area of 212 square miles (549 square kilometers). It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_States_by_area" title="List of islands of the United States by area">32nd largest island of the United States</a>. It is the southernmost and largest island in the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a>, as well as the largest in <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guam's <a href="/wiki/Point_Udall_(Guam)" title="Point Udall (Guam)">Point Udall</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_United_States#Interpretation_of_easternmost_and_westernmost" title="List of extreme points of the United States">westernmost point of the U.S.</a>, as measured from the <a href="/wiki/Geographic_center_of_the_United_States" title="Geographic center of the United States">geographic center of the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mariana chain of which Guam is a part, was created by collision of the Pacific and Philippine Sea <a href="/wiki/Tectonic_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic plate">tectonic plates</a>. Guam is located on the micro <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariana Plate">Mariana Plate</a> between the two. Guam is the closest land mass to the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a>, the deep <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction zone</a> that runs east of the Marianas. Volcanic eruptions established <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">the base of the island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a>, roughly 56 to 33.9 million years ago. The north of Guam is a result of this base being covered with layers of <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a>, turning into <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, and then being thrust upward by <a href="/wiki/Tectonics" title="Tectonics">tectonic</a> activity to create a plateau.<sup id="cite_ref-Guam_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guam-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rugged south of the island is a result of more recent volcanic activity. <a href="/wiki/Cocos_Island_(Guam)" title="Cocos Island (Guam)">Cocos Island</a> off the southern tip of Guam is the largest of the many small <a href="/wiki/Islet" title="Islet">islets</a> along the coastline. Guam's highest point is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lamlam" title="Mount Lamlam">Mount Lamlam</a> at 1,334 feet (407 meters) above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-Guam_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guam-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If its base is considered to be the nearby <a href="/wiki/Challenger_Deep" title="Challenger Deep"><i>Challenger</i> Deep</a>, the deepest surveyed point in the <a href="/wiki/Oceans" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceans">Oceans</a>, Mount Lamlam is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_mountains_on_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest mountains on Earth">world's tallest mountain</a> at 37,820 feet (11,530 m).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Politically, Guam is divided into <a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Guam" title="Villages of Guam">19 villages</a>. The majority of the population lives on the coralline limestone plateaus of the north, with political and economic activity centered in the central and northern regions. The rugged geography of the south largely limits settlement to rural coastal areas. The western coast is <a href="/wiki/Windward_and_leeward" title="Windward and leeward">leeward</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Trade_winds" title="Trade winds">trade winds</a> and is the location of <a href="/wiki/Apra_Harbor" title="Apra Harbor">Apra Harbor</a>, the capital <a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a>, and the tourist center of <a href="/wiki/Tumon,_Guam" title="Tumon, Guam">Tumon</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">U.S. Defense Department</a> owns about 29% of the island,<sup id="cite_ref-VOA_20170809_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VOA_20170809-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the management of <a href="/wiki/Joint_Region_Marianas" title="Joint Region Marianas">Joint Region Marianas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Guam" title="Climate change in Guam">Climate change in Guam</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_typhoons_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of typhoons in Guam">List of typhoons in Guam</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ritidian_Beach_-_Guam_NWR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ritidian_Beach_-_Guam_NWR.jpg/220px-Ritidian_Beach_-_Guam_NWR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ritidian_Beach_-_Guam_NWR.jpg/330px-Ritidian_Beach_-_Guam_NWR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ritidian_Beach_-_Guam_NWR.jpg/440px-Ritidian_Beach_-_Guam_NWR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guam_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Guam National Wildlife Refuge">Guam National Wildlife Refuge</a> beach at <a href="/wiki/Ritidian_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritidian Point">Ritidian Point</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Guam has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest climate</a> on the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen scale</a> (Köppen <i>Af</i>). Its driest month of March almost qualifies as a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">tropical monsoon climate</a> (Köppen <i>Am</i>). The weather is generally hot and humid throughout the year with little seasonal temperature variation. Guam is known to have equable temperatures year-round. <a href="/wiki/Trade_winds" title="Trade winds">Trade winds</a> are fairly constant throughout the year. There is often a weak westerly monsoon influence in the summer months. </p><p>Guam has two distinct seasons: Wet and dry season. The dry season runs from January through May. June is the transitional period. The wet season runs from July through November. Guam's average annual rainfall was 98 inches or 2,490 millimeters between 1981 and 2010. </p><p>The wettest month on record at Guam Airport has been August 1997 with 38.49 inches (977.6 mm). The driest was February 2015 with 0.15 inches (3.8 mm). The wettest calendar year was 1976 with 131.70 inches (3,345.2 mm). The driest year was in 1998 with 57.88 inches (1,470.2 mm). The most rainfall in a single day occurred on October 15, 1953, when 15.48 inches or 393.2 millimeters fell. </p><p>The mean high temperature is 86 °F or 30 °C. The mean low is 76 °F (24.4 °C). Temperatures rarely exceed 90 °F (32.2 °C) or fall below 70 °F (21.1 °C). The <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> commonly exceeds 84 percent at night throughout the year, but the average monthly humidity hovers near 66 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-Climatological_Report_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climatological_Report-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The highest temperature ever recorded in Guam was 96 °F (35.6 °C) on April 18, 1971, and April 1, 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-Climatological_Report_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climatological_Report-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A record low of 69 °F (21 °C) was set on February 1, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lowest recorded temperature was 65 °F (18.3 °C), set on February 8, 1973. </p><p>Guam lies in the path of <a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">typhoons</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is common for the island to be threatened by tropical storms and possible typhoons during the wet season. The highest risk of typhoons is from August through November, where typhoons and tropical storms are most probable in the western Pacific. They can, however, occur year-round. Typhoons that have caused major damage on Guam in the American period include the <a href="/wiki/1900_Pacific_typhoon_season#Guam_typhoon" title="1900 Pacific typhoon season">Typhoon of 1900</a>, <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Karen" title="Typhoon Karen">Karen</a> (1962), <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Pamela_(1976)" title="Typhoon Pamela (1976)">Pamela</a> (1976), <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Paka" title="Typhoon Paka">Paka</a> (1997), <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Pongsona" title="Typhoon Pongsona">Pongsona</a> (2002), and <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Mawar" title="Typhoon Mawar">Mawar</a> (2023). </p><p>Since <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Pamela_(1976)" title="Typhoon Pamela (1976)">Typhoon Pamela</a> in 1976, wooden structures have been largely replaced by concrete structures.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1980s, wooden utility poles began to be replaced by typhoon-resistant concrete and steel poles. After the local Government enforced stricter construction codes, many home and business owners have built their structures out of reinforced concrete with installed <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_shutters" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoon shutters">typhoon shutters</a>. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Guam_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Guam International Airport">Guam International Airport</a> (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1945–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95<br />(35) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95<br />(35) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92<br />(33) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91<br />(33) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">96<br />(36) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.5<br />(31.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.2<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.2<br />(32.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.8<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.1<br />(32.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.8<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.6<br />(32.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.4<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.4<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.9<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.8<br />(31.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">92.0<br />(33.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.7<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.7<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.7<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.9<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.5<br />(31.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.5<br />(31.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.7<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.0<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.0<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.2<br />(30.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.4<br />(30.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.6<br />(30.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">87.2<br />(30.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.3<br />(26.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.1<br />(26.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.0<br />(27.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.3<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.0<br />(28.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.1<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.2<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.5<br />(27.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.5<br />(27.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.7<br />(27.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.2<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.6<br />(27.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">81.7<br />(27.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.0<br />(23.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.6<br />(23.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.4<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.7<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.5<br />(25.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.7<br />(25.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.8<br />(24.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.1<br />(24.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.0<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.3<br />(24.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.0<br />(25.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.5<br />(24.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">76.3<br />(24.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.6<br />(22.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.4<br />(21.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.9<br />(22.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.3<br />(22.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.1<br />(23.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.6<br />(23.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.8<br />(23.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.4<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.3<br />(22.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.4<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.9<br />(23.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.3<br />(22.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70.2<br />(21.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65<br />(18) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68<br />(20) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70<br />(21) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70<br />(21) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70<br />(21) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70<br />(21) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70<br />(21) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68<br />(20) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68<br />(20) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">65<br />(18) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #34FF34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.34<br />(136) </td> <td style="background: #53FF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.15<br />(105) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.77<br />(70) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.50<br />(89) </td> <td style="background: #56FF56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.45<br />(113) </td> <td style="background: #00FF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.51<br />(165) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.25<br />(311) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.66<br />(449) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.17<br />(385) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.73<br />(323) </td> <td style="background: #00B900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8.29<br />(211) </td> <td style="background: #35FF35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.30<br />(135) </td> <td style="background: #00C200; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">98.12<br />(2,492) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20.1 </td> <td style="background: #0B0BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.0 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.3 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.9 </td> <td style="background: #0B0BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000D6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">23.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000BD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">26.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000BE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">25.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000BD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">25.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">25.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000CD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">23.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000E5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">267.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000BD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000C1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000C1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000B0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000AA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000AA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000AC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000B2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000B9; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">84.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">173.7 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">216.4 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">214.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">219.9 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">193.8 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">156.1 </td> <td style="background: #C0C023; color:#000000;" class="notheme">142.2 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">132.7 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC3D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">132.6 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.0 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143.4 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,035.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCEI_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCEI-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NOAAsun_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAAsun-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marianas_tropical_dry_forests" title="Marianas tropical dry forests">Marianas tropical dry forests</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species_in_Guam" title="Invasive species in Guam">Invasive species in Guam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Guam" title="Climate change in Guam">Climate change in Guam</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_and_coral_in_Tumon_Bay_Marine_Preserve,_Guam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Fish_and_coral_in_Tumon_Bay_Marine_Preserve%2C_Guam.jpg/220px-Fish_and_coral_in_Tumon_Bay_Marine_Preserve%2C_Guam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Fish_and_coral_in_Tumon_Bay_Marine_Preserve%2C_Guam.jpg/330px-Fish_and_coral_in_Tumon_Bay_Marine_Preserve%2C_Guam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Fish_and_coral_in_Tumon_Bay_Marine_Preserve%2C_Guam.jpg/440px-Fish_and_coral_in_Tumon_Bay_Marine_Preserve%2C_Guam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Previously extensively <a href="/wiki/Dredging" title="Dredging">dredged</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tumon_Bay" title="Tumon Bay">Tumon Bay</a> is now a marine preserve.</figcaption></figure> <p>Guam has experienced severe effects of <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a> upon the natural <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> of the island. These include the <a href="/wiki/Local_extinction" title="Local extinction">local extinction</a> of endemic bird species after the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Brown_tree_snake" title="Brown tree snake">brown tree snake</a>, an infestation of the <a href="/wiki/Oryctes_rhinoceros" title="Oryctes rhinoceros">coconut rhinoceros beetle</a> destroying <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> palms, and the effect of introduced <a href="/wiki/Feral" title="Feral">feral</a> <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibians</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">Wildfires</a> plague the forested areas of Guam every <a href="/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">dry season</a> despite the island's humid climate. Most fires are caused by humans with 80% resulting from <a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">arson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poachers often start fires to attract deer to the new growth. Invasive grass species that rely on fire as part of their natural life cycle grow in many regularly burned areas. Grasslands and "barrens" have replaced previously forested areas leading to greater soil erosion.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Park_Service_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Park_Service-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the rainy season, sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the <a href="/wiki/Fena_Lake" title="Fena Lake">Fena Lake</a> Reservoir and <a href="/wiki/Ugum_River" title="Ugum River">Ugum River</a>, leading to water quality problems for southern Guam. Eroded silt also destroys the marine life in reefs around the island. Soil stabilization efforts by volunteers and forestry workers (planting trees) have had little success in preserving natural habitats.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Park_Service_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Park_Service-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20140402-APHIS-UNK-0004_(13592983734).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/20140402-APHIS-UNK-0004_%2813592983734%29.jpg/220px-20140402-APHIS-UNK-0004_%2813592983734%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/20140402-APHIS-UNK-0004_%2813592983734%29.jpg/330px-20140402-APHIS-UNK-0004_%2813592983734%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/20140402-APHIS-UNK-0004_%2813592983734%29.jpg/440px-20140402-APHIS-UNK-0004_%2813592983734%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2244" data-file-height="1353" /></a><figcaption>The introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Brown_tree_snake" title="Brown tree snake">brown tree snake</a> nearly eradicated the native bird population.</figcaption></figure> <p>Efforts have been made to protect Guam's coral reef habitats from pollution, eroded silt and overfishing, problems that have led to decreased fish populations. This has both ecological and economic value, as Guam is a significant <a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving_on_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwater diving on Guam">vacation spot for scuba divers</a>, and one study found that Guam's reefs are worth $127 million per year.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, the Department of Agriculture, Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources has established several new marine preserves where fish populations are monitored by biologists.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are located at <a href="/wiki/Pati_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Pati Point">Pati Point</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piti_Bomb_Holes" class="mw-redirect" title="Piti Bomb Holes">Piti Bomb Holes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sasa_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasa Bay">Sasa Bay</a>, Achang Reef Flat, and <a href="/wiki/Tumon_Bay" title="Tumon Bay">Tumon Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before adopting <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a> standards, portions of Tumon Bay were dredged by the hotel chains to provide a better experience for hotel guests.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tumon Bay has since been made into a preserve. A federal <a href="/wiki/Guam_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Guam National Wildlife Refuge">Guam National Wildlife Refuge</a> in northern Guam protects the decimated <a href="/wiki/Sea_turtle" title="Sea turtle">sea turtle</a> population in addition to a small colony of <a href="/wiki/Mariana_fruit_bats" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariana fruit bats">Mariana fruit bats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harvest of sea turtle eggs was a common occurrence on Guam before World War II. The <a href="/wiki/Green_sea_turtle" title="Green sea turtle">green sea turtle</a> (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>) was harvested legally on Guam before August 1978, when it was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. The <a href="/wiki/Hawksbill_sea_turtle" title="Hawksbill sea turtle">hawksbill sea turtle</a> (<i>Eretmochelys imbricata</i>) has been on the endangered list since 1970. In an effort to ensure the protection of sea turtles on Guam, routine sightings are counted during aerial surveys and nest sites are recorded and monitored for hatchlings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>11,806</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>13,275</td><td></td><td>12.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>18,509</td><td></td><td>39.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>22,290</td><td></td><td>20.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>59,498</td><td></td><td>166.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>67,044</td><td></td><td>12.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>84,996</td><td></td><td>26.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>105,979</td><td></td><td>24.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>133,152</td><td></td><td>25.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>154,805</td><td></td><td>16.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>159,358</td><td></td><td>2.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>168,485</td><td></td><td>5.7%</td></tr> </tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guam" title="Demographics of Guam">Demographics of Guam</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020 United States Census</a>, the largest ethnic group were the native <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorros</a>, accounting for 32.8% of the population. <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asians</a>, including Filipinos, Koreans, Chinese, and Japanese, accounted for 35.5% of the population. Other ethnic groups of <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, including those of <a href="/wiki/Chuukese_people" title="Chuukese people">Chuukese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palauans" class="mw-redirect" title="Palauans">Palauan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pohnpeians" class="mw-redirect" title="Pohnpeians">Pohnpeians</a>, accounted for 13.2%. 10% of the population were <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people" title="Multiracial people">multiracial</a>, (two or more races). <a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">European Americans</a> made up 6.8% of the population; 1% are <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a>, and 3% are <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a>; there are 1,740 <a href="/wiki/Mexicans" title="Mexicans">Mexicans</a> in Guam, and there are other Hispanic ethnicities on the island. The estimated interracial marriage rate is over 40%.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_Factbook_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Factbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The official languages of the island are English and <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a>. Unlike most of its neighboring languages, Chamorro is not classified as <a href="/wiki/Micronesian_languages" title="Micronesian languages">Micronesian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian</a>. Rather, like <a href="/wiki/Palauan_language" title="Palauan language">Palauan</a>, it possibly constitutes an independent branch of the <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian language family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blust_2000_83–122_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blust_2000_83–122-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2017_435–490_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_2017_435–490-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a> is also commonly spoken across the island. Other Pacific and Asian languages are spoken in Guam as well. <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, which was the language of administration for 300 years, influenced the <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Religion"></span>The predominant religion of Guam is <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. Three-quarters of the population adheres to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Guam" title="Catholic Church in Guam">Catholicism</a>, while most of the remainder belong to <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> churches. According to the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, the religious demography of Guam in 2010 was as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>: 75%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>: 17.7%</li> <li>Other religions: 1.6%</li> <li>Folk religions: 1.5%</li> <li>Other Christianity: 1.4%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>: 1.1%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a>: <1%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>: <1%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>: <1%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>: <1%</li></ul> </div> <p>In 2020, the Vatican claimed that 87.72% of the population was Catholic, with 54 priests and 64 nuns across 27 parishes.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Another_GUAM_sign_in_front_the_Guam_Museum_(49332191732).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Another_GUAM_sign_in_front_the_Guam_Museum_%2849332191732%29.jpg/220px-Another_GUAM_sign_in_front_the_Guam_Museum_%2849332191732%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Another_GUAM_sign_in_front_the_Guam_Museum_%2849332191732%29.jpg/330px-Another_GUAM_sign_in_front_the_Guam_Museum_%2849332191732%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Another_GUAM_sign_in_front_the_Guam_Museum_%2849332191732%29.jpg/440px-Another_GUAM_sign_in_front_the_Guam_Museum_%2849332191732%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Guam_Museum" title="Guam Museum">Guam Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a> opened in 2016</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Guam" title="Culture of Guam">Culture of Guam</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guam" title="Music of Guam">Music of Guam</a></div> <p>The culture of Guam is a reflection of traditional <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a> customs, in combination with American, Spanish and Mexican traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWuerchBallendorf199444_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWuerchBallendorf199444-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Post-European-contact <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a> Guamanian culture is a combination of American, Spanish, Filipino, other Micronesian Islander and Mexican traditions. Few indigenous pre-Hispanic customs remained following Spanish contact, but include plaiting and pottery. There has been a resurgence of interest among the Chamorro to preserve the language and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Montón-Subías-2021_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montón-Subías-2021-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-»_Voices_of_Our_Elders_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-»_Voices_of_Our_Elders-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hispanic influences are manifested in the local language, music, dance, sea navigation, cuisine, fishing, games (such as <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">batu</i></span>, <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">chonka</i></span>, <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">estuleks</i></span>, and <span title="Chamorro-language romanization"><i lang="ch-Latn">bayogu</i></span>), songs, and fashion.<sup id="cite_ref-Montón-Subías-2021_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montón-Subías-2021-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-»_Voices_of_Our_Elders_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-»_Voices_of_Our_Elders-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island's original community are Chamorro natives, who have inhabited Guam for almost 4000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunninghamBeaty20015-6_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECunninghamBeaty20015-6-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had their own language related to the languages of Indonesia and southeast Asia. The Spanish later called them Chamorros. A derivative of the word, Chamorri, means "noble race". They began to grow rice on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunninghamBeaty20015_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECunninghamBeaty20015-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inetnon_Gef_Pa%27go_at_Micronesia_Mall(6780478821)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Inetnon_Gef_Pa%27go_at_Micronesia_Mall%286780478821%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Inetnon_Gef_Pa%27go_at_Micronesia_Mall%286780478821%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Inetnon_Gef_Pa%27go_at_Micronesia_Mall%286780478821%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Inetnon_Gef_Pa%27go_at_Micronesia_Mall%286780478821%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Inetnon_Gef_Pa%27go_at_Micronesia_Mall%286780478821%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Inetnon_Gef_Pa%27go_at_Micronesia_Mall%286780478821%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="965" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>Youth performance of traditional dance at <a href="/wiki/Micronesia_Mall" title="Micronesia Mall">Micronesia Mall</a>, 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, the native people of Guam venerated the bones of their ancestors. They kept the skulls in their houses in small baskets, and practiced incantations before them when it was desired to attain certain objects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESafford191211_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESafford191211-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Spanish rule (1668–1898) the majority of the population was converted to <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> and religious festivities such as Easter and Christmas became widespread. Many Chamorros have <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish surnames</a>, although few of the inhabitants are themselves descended from the Spaniards. Instead, Spanish names and surnames became commonplace after their conversion to Catholicism and the imposition of the <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_alfab%C3%A9tico_de_apellidos" title="Catálogo alfabético de apellidos">Catálogo alfabético de apellidos</a> in Guam.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, the diet of the native inhabitants of Guam consisted of fish, fowl, rice, <a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">breadfruit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taro" title="Taro">taro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)" title="Yam (vegetable)">yams</a>, bananas, and coconuts used in a variety of dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESafford191213–14_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESafford191213–14-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Post-contact Chamorro cuisine is largely based on corn, and includes tortillas, tamales, atole, and chilaquiles, which are a clear influence from <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a>, principally Mexico, from Spanish trade with Asia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Due to foreign cultural influence from Spain, most aspects of the early indigenous culture have been lost, though there has been a resurgence in preserving any remaining pre-Hispanic culture in the last few decades. Some scholars have traveled throughout the Pacific Islands, conducting research to study what the original Chamorro cultural practices such as dance, language, and canoe building may have been like.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Everyone_Matters_II_-_panoramio_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Everyone_Matters_II_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Everyone_Matters_II_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Everyone_Matters_II_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Everyone_Matters_II_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Everyone_Matters_II_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Everyone_Matters_II_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2577" data-file-height="1763" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Outrigger_boat" title="Outrigger boat">outrigger canoe</a> team at <a href="/wiki/Tumon,_Guam" title="Tumon, Guam">Tumon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Guam's most popular sport is <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> respectively. <a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">Soccer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jiu Jitsu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">Rugby</a> are also somewhat popular.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guam hosted the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Games" title="Pacific Games">Pacific Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/1975_South_Pacific_Games" title="1975 South Pacific Games">1975</a> and <a href="/wiki/1999_South_Pacific_Games" title="1999 South Pacific Games">1999</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/2007_Pacific_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Pacific Games">2007 Games</a>, Guam finished 7th of 22 countries in the medal count, and 14th at the <a href="/wiki/2011_Pacific_Games" title="2011 Pacific Games">2011 Games</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Guam_men%27s_national_basketball_team" title="Guam men's national basketball team">Guam men's national basketball team</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Guam_women%27s_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Guam women's national basketball team">women's team</a> are traditional powerhouses in the <a href="/wiki/FIBA_Oceania" title="FIBA Oceania">Oceania region</a>, behind the <a href="/wiki/Australia_men%27s_national_basketball_team" title="Australia men's national basketball team">Australia men's national basketball team</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand national basketball team">New Zealand national basketball team</a>. As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the men's team is the reigning champion of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Games_Basketball_Tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Games Basketball Tournament">Pacific Games Basketball Tournament</a>. Guam is home to various basketball organizations, including the <a href="/wiki/Guam_Basketball_Association" title="Guam Basketball Association">Guam Basketball Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Guam_national_football_team" title="Guam national football team">Guam national football team</a> was founded in 1975 and joined <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a> in 1996. It was once considered one of FIFA's weakest teams, and experienced their first victory over a FIFA-registered side in 2009. Guam hosted qualifying games on the island for the first time in 2015 and, in 2018, clinched their first <a href="/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification" title="2018 FIFA World Cup qualification">FIFA World Cup Qualifying</a> win.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Guam_national_rugby_union_team" title="Guam national rugby union team">Guam national rugby union team</a> played its first match in 2005 and has never qualified for a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup" title="Rugby World Cup">Rugby World Cup</a>. </p><p>As an aspect of cultural revival, <a href="/wiki/Sling_(weapon)" title="Sling (weapon)">sling</a> competitions are also being organized on Guam. As a national pastime of cultural import, the ovoid shape on Guamanian flag is that of a sling stone.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_beach_of_Guam_Reef_Resort,_Tumon_Bay,_USA_(8575993301).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/The_beach_of_Guam_Reef_Resort%2C_Tumon_Bay%2C_USA_%288575993301%29.jpg/220px-The_beach_of_Guam_Reef_Resort%2C_Tumon_Bay%2C_USA_%288575993301%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/The_beach_of_Guam_Reef_Resort%2C_Tumon_Bay%2C_USA_%288575993301%29.jpg/330px-The_beach_of_Guam_Reef_Resort%2C_Tumon_Bay%2C_USA_%288575993301%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/The_beach_of_Guam_Reef_Resort%2C_Tumon_Bay%2C_USA_%288575993301%29.jpg/440px-The_beach_of_Guam_Reef_Resort%2C_Tumon_Bay%2C_USA_%288575993301%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1081" /></a><figcaption>Beaches at the tourist center of <a href="/wiki/Tumon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumon">Tumon</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guam" title="Economy of Guam">Economy of Guam</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Guam" title="Energy in Guam">Energy in Guam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving_on_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwater diving on Guam">Underwater diving on Guam</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Guam's economy depends primarily on tourism, Department of Defense installations and locally owned businesses. Under the provisions of a special law by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>, it is Guam's treasury rather than the U.S. treasury that receives the federal income taxes paid by local taxpayers, including military and civilian federal employees assigned to Guam.<sup id="cite_ref-Americans,_Almost_and_Forgotten_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Americans,_Almost_and_Forgotten-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving_on_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwater diving on Guam">Underwater diving on Guam</a></div> <p>Lying in the western Pacific, Guam is a popular destination for Japanese and South Koreans. Its tourist hub, <a href="/wiki/Tumon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumon">Tumon</a>, features over 20 large hotels, a Duty Free Shoppers Galleria, Pleasure Island district, indoor aquarium, Sandcastle <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>–styled shows and other shopping and entertainment venues. It is a relatively short flight from Asia, with 3 to 4-star hotels and seven public golf courses accommodating over a million tourists per year.<sup id="cite_ref-visitguam.org_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visitguam.org-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>75% of the tourists are Japanese. Guam also receives a sizable number of tourists from South Korea, the U.S., the Philippines, and Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-visitguam.org_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visitguam.org-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant sources of revenue include <a href="/wiki/Duty-free" class="mw-redirect" title="Duty-free">duty-free</a> designer shopping outlets, and the American-style malls: <a href="/wiki/Micronesia_Mall" title="Micronesia Mall">Micronesia Mall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam_Premier_Outlets" title="Guam Premier Outlets">Guam Premier Outlets</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Agana_Shopping_Center" title="Agana Shopping Center">Agana Shopping Center</a>, and the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Kmart_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kmart (United States)">Kmart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Washington_Post_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Washington_Post-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GuamAntonioWonPatAirport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GuamAntonioWonPatAirport.jpg/220px-GuamAntonioWonPatAirport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GuamAntonioWonPatAirport.jpg/330px-GuamAntonioWonPatAirport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GuamAntonioWonPatAirport.jpg/440px-GuamAntonioWonPatAirport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Terminal at <a href="/wiki/Antonio_B._Won_Pat_International_Airport" title="Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport">Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport</a>. The airport hosts a hub of <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a>, Guam's largest private-sector employer.</figcaption></figure> <p>The economy had been stable since 2000 due to increased tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, it was expected to stabilize with a planned transfer of U.S. Marine Corps' <a href="/wiki/3rd_Marine_Expeditionary_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Marine Expeditionary Force">3rd Marine Expeditionary Force</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa</a>, Japan (approximately 8,000 Marines, along with their 10,000 dependents), to Guam between 2010 and 2015. However, the move was delayed until late 2020. Also, the number of Marines to be moved from Okinawa to Guam decreased from 10,000 to 5,000, with the move now expected to be complete in 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-III_MEF_Move_to_Guam_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-III_MEF_Move_to_Guam-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Guam's largest single private sector employer with about 1,400 jobs, was <a href="/wiki/Continental_Micronesia" title="Continental Micronesia">Continental Micronesia</a>, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Continental_Airlines" title="Continental Airlines">Continental Airlines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Continental Airlines merged with and is now a part of <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a>, a subsidiary of Chicago-based United Airlines Holdings, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the Continental Micronesia annual payroll in Guam was $90 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Blairbright_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blairbright-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Budget_and_unemployment">Budget and unemployment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Budget and unemployment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2003, Guam had a 14% unemployment rate, and the government suffered a $314 million budget shortfall.<sup id="cite_ref-PCW_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCW-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2019 the unemployment rate had dropped to 6.1%. By September 2020, the unemployment rate had risen again to 17.9%.<sup id="cite_ref-Guam_BLS_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guam_BLS-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of June 2023 the unemployment rate had fallen to 4.0%.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unemployment rate in Guam for September 2023 was 4.1%, an increase of 0.1 percentage points from the June 2023 figure of 4.0%, and a reduction of 0.3 percentage points from the September 2022 figure one year earlier of 4.4%.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pacific_migration_to_Guam">Pacific migration to Guam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Pacific migration to Guam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Compact_of_Free_Association" title="Compact of Free Association">Compacts of Free Association</a> (COFA) between the United States, the <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a>, the Republic of the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>, and the Republic of <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> accords the former entities of the <a href="/wiki/Trust_Territory_of_the_Pacific_Islands" title="Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands">Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands</a> a political status of "free association" with the United States. The Compacts generally allow citizens of these island nations to reside in the 50 United States, and in US territories. Many people from other Pacific islands were attracted to Guam due to its proximity, environmental, and cultural familiarity. </p><p>Due to the impact of increased utilization of public assistance programs due to immigration, aid has been provided to the nations receiving immigrants. In 2003, the amended COFA was enacted, which provided 30 million dollars annually to Guam, Hawaii, <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a>, as well as to forgive 157 million dollars of Guam's debt to the federal government to offset money already spent on public assistance programs.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, the COFA was amended again to renew aid the freely associated nations as well as Guam and other U.S. Pacific territories.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_bases">Military bases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Military bases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Department_of_Defense_lands_on_Guam,_2010_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/U.S._Department_of_Defense_lands_on_Guam%2C_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-U.S._Department_of_Defense_lands_on_Guam%2C_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/U.S._Department_of_Defense_lands_on_Guam%2C_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-U.S._Department_of_Defense_lands_on_Guam%2C_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/U.S._Department_of_Defense_lands_on_Guam%2C_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-U.S._Department_of_Defense_lands_on_Guam%2C_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2267" data-file-height="2518" /></a><figcaption>A map of U.S. military lands on Guam, 2010</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Joint_Region_Marianas" title="Joint Region Marianas">Joint Region Marianas</a> maintains jurisdiction over installations, which cover approximately 39,000 acres (16,000 ha), or 29% of the island's total land area. These include: </p> <ul><li>U.S. <a href="/wiki/Naval_Base_Guam" title="Naval Base Guam">Naval Base Guam</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a> (Santa Rita), comprising the <a href="/wiki/Orote_Peninsula" title="Orote Peninsula">Orote Peninsula</a>, additional lands, and with jurisdiction of the majority of <a href="/wiki/Apra_Harbor" title="Apra Harbor">Apra Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andersen_Air_Force_Base" title="Andersen Air Force Base">Andersen Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> (Yigo), including <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Field" title="Northwest Field">Northwest Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Base_Camp_Blaz" title="Marine Corps Base Camp Blaz">Marine Corps Base Camp Blaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a> (Dededo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Annex" title="Ordnance Annex">Ordnance Annex</a>, U.S. Navy – South Central Highlands (formerly known as Naval Magazine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Computer_and_Telecommunications_Station_Guam" title="Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station Guam">Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station Guam</a>, U.S. Navy (Dededo), sometimes referred to "NCTS Finegayan"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Radio_Station_Barrigada" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Radio Station Barrigada">Naval Radio Station Barrigada</a> (Barrigada), often referred to as "Radio Barrigada"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Region_Marianas" title="Joint Region Marianas">Joint Region Marianas</a> Headquarters (Asan), at <a href="/wiki/Nimitz_Hill_Annex" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimitz Hill Annex">Nimitz Hill Annex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Hospital_Guam" title="Naval Hospital Guam">Naval Hospital Guam</a> (Agana Heights)</li> <li>South Finegayan (Dededo), a military housing complex</li> <li>Andersen South (Yigo), formerly Marine Barracks Guam until its closure in 1992</li> <li>Fort Juan Muña, <a href="/wiki/Guam_National_Guard" title="Guam National Guard">Guam National Guard</a> (Tamuning)</li></ul> <p>In 2010, the U.S. military proposed building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam and moving 8,600 Marines, and 9,000 of their dependents, to Guam from <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa</a>, Japan. Including the required construction workers, this buildup would increase Guam's population by a total of 79,000, a 49% increase over its 2010 population of 160,000. In a February 2010 letter, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> sharply criticized these plans because of a water shortfall, sewage problems and the impact on coral reefs.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2022, the Marine Corps has decided to place 5,000 Marines on the island within the first half of the 2020s, with 1,300 already stationed on the base.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lou_Leon_Guerrero_in_2018.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Lou_Leon_Guerrero_in_2018.jpeg/170px-Lou_Leon_Guerrero_in_2018.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Lou_Leon_Guerrero_in_2018.jpeg/255px-Lou_Leon_Guerrero_in_2018.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Lou_Leon_Guerrero_in_2018.jpeg/340px-Lou_Leon_Guerrero_in_2018.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="885" /></a><figcaption>Incumbent governor <a href="/wiki/Lou_Leon_Guerrero" title="Lou Leon Guerrero">Lou Leon Guerrero</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guam" title="Politics of Guam">Politics of Guam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voting_in_Guam" title="Voting in Guam">Voting in Guam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Guam" title="Political party strength in Guam">Political party strength in Guam</a></div> <p>Guam is governed by a popularly elected <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Guam">governor</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> 15-member <a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Guam" title="Legislature of Guam">legislature</a>, whose members are known as senators. Its judiciary is overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Guam" title="Supreme Court of Guam">Supreme Court of Guam</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/District_Court_of_Guam" title="District Court of Guam">District Court of Guam</a> is the court of United States federal jurisdiction in the territory. Guam elects one <a href="/wiki/Delegate_(United_States_Congress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delegate (United States Congress)">delegate to the United States House of Representatives</a>, currently Republican <a href="/wiki/James_Moylan" title="James Moylan">James Moylan</a>. The delegate does not have a vote on the final passage of legislation, but is accorded a vote in committee, and the privilege to speak to the House.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers2_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U.S. citizens in Guam vote in a <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_straw_polls_in_Guam" title="United States presidential straw polls in Guam">presidential straw poll</a> for their choice in the U.S. presidential general election, but since Guam has no votes in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a>, the poll has no real effect. However, in sending delegates to the Republican and Democratic national conventions, Guam does have influence in the national presidential race. These delegates are elected by local party <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary#Types_of_primaries_and_caucuses" title="United States presidential primary">conventions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers2_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_status">Political status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Political status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Moylan_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/James_Moylan_official_photo.jpg/170px-James_Moylan_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/James_Moylan_official_photo.jpg/255px-James_Moylan_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/James_Moylan_official_photo.jpg/340px-James_Moylan_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Moylan" title="James Moylan">James Moylan</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Delegate_(United_States_Congress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delegate (United States Congress)">Delegate</a> for <a href="/wiki/Guam%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Guam's at-large congressional district">Guam's at-large congressional district</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1980s and early 1990s, there was a significant movement in favor of this U.S. territory becoming a <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(United_States_insular_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth (United States insular area)">commonwealth</a>, which would give it a level of self-government similar to <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Americans,_Almost_and_Forgotten_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Americans,_Almost_and_Forgotten-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 1982 <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">plebiscite</a>, voters indicated interest in seeking commonwealth status.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the federal government rejected the version of a commonwealth that the government of Guam proposed, because its clauses were incompatible with the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial Clause">Territorial Clause</a> (Art. IV, Sec. 3, cl. 2) of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> Other movements advocate U.S. statehood for Guam, union with the state of Hawaii, or union with the Northern Mariana Islands as a single territory, or independence.<sup id="cite_ref-Guampedia-2016_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guampedia-2016-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Guam Constitutional Convention was funded by the 10th Guam Legislature and met from June 1, 1969, through June 29, 1970, with 43 elected delegates. The second Guam Constitutional Convention was convened on July 1, 1977, to create a constitution for Guam that would redefine the island's relationship with the US rather than merely modifying the existing relationship. The convention met periodically through October 31, 1977. Although approved at the federal level, the people of Guam overwhelmingly rejected the Constitution in a referendum held in August 1979, with 82% opposed. No new convention has been held pursuant to US congressional authority since 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Commission on <a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a> was established in 1997 to educate the people of Guam about the various political status options in its relationship with the U.S.: statehood, free association, and independence. The island has been considering another non-binding plebiscite on decolonization since 1998. The group was dormant for some years. In 2013, the commission began seeking funding to start a public education campaign. There were few subsequent developments until late 2016. In early December 2016, the Commission scheduled a series of education sessions in various villages about the current status of Guam's relationship with the U.S. and the self-determination options that might be considered.<sup id="cite_ref-Raymundo_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raymundo-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commission's current executive director is Edward Alvarez and there are ten members. The group is expected to release position papers on independence and statehood but the contents have not yet been completed.<sup id="cite_ref-Guampedia-2016_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guampedia-2016-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> is in favor of greater self-determination for Guam and other such territories. The UN's <a href="/wiki/Special_Committee_on_Decolonization" title="Special Committee on Decolonization">Special Committee on Decolonization</a> has agreed to endorse the Governor's education plan. The commission's May 2016 report states: "With academics from the University of Guam, [the Commission] was working to create and approve educational materials. The Office of the Governor was collaborating closely with the Commission" in developing educational materials for the public.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a> approved a $300,000 grant for decolonization education, Edward Alvarez told the United Nations Pacific Regional Seminar in May 2016. "We are hopeful that this might indicate a shift in [United States] policy to its Non-Self-Governing Territories such as Guam, where they will be more willing to engage in discussions about our future and offer true support to help push us towards true self-governances and self-determination."<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 31, 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guam" title="Government of Guam">Government of Guam</a> joined the <a href="/wiki/Unrepresented_Nations_and_Peoples_Organization" title="Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization">Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization</a> (UNPO).<sup id="cite_ref-unpowelcomes5newmembers_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unpowelcomes5newmembers-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guam_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guam-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its <a href="/wiki/51st_state#Guam" title="51st state">future political status</a> has been a matter of significant discussion, with public opinion polls indicating a strong preference of becoming a <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KUAM-2016_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KUAM-2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Freymann-2020_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freymann-2020-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Villages">Villages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Villages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hagatna_from_Fort_Santa_Agueda.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hagatna_from_Fort_Santa_Agueda.JPG/330px-Hagatna_from_Fort_Santa_Agueda.JPG" decoding="async" width="330" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hagatna_from_Fort_Santa_Agueda.JPG/495px-Hagatna_from_Fort_Santa_Agueda.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hagatna_from_Fort_Santa_Agueda.JPG/660px-Hagatna_from_Fort_Santa_Agueda.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagåtña">Hagåtña</a> from the Spanish-built <a href="/wiki/Fort_Santa_Agueda" title="Fort Santa Agueda">Fort Santa Agueda</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Guam" title="Villages of Guam">Villages of Guam</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Guam" title="List of census-designated places in Guam">List of census-designated places in Guam</a></div> <p>Guam is divided into 19 municipal villages: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 16em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agana_Heights,_Guam" title="Agana Heights, Guam">Agana Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asan-Maina,_Guam" title="Asan-Maina, Guam">Asan‑Maina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrigada,_Guam" title="Barrigada, Guam">Barrigada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalan_Pago-Ordot,_Guam" title="Chalan Pago-Ordot, Guam">Chalan Pago‑Ordot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dededo,_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dededo, Guam">Dededo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5gat,_Guam" title="Hågat, Guam">Hågat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hum%C3%A5tak,_Guam" title="Humåtak, Guam">Humåtak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inal%C3%A5han,_Guam" title="Inalåhan, Guam">Inalåhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malesso,_Guam" title="Malesso, Guam">Malesso'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangilao,_Guam" title="Mangilao, Guam">Mangilao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongmong-Toto-Maite,_Guam" title="Mongmong-Toto-Maite, Guam">Mongmong‑Toto‑Maite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piti,_Guam" title="Piti, Guam">Piti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A5nta_Rita-Sumai,_Guam" title="Sånta Rita-Sumai, Guam">Sånta Rita-Sumai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinajana,_Guam" title="Sinajana, Guam">Sinajana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talo%27fo%27fo,_Guam" title="Talo'fo'fo, Guam">Talo'fo'fo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamuning,_Guam" title="Tamuning, Guam">Tamuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yigo,_Guam" title="Yigo, Guam">Yigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yona,_Guam" title="Yona, Guam">Yona</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation_and_communications">Transportation and communications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Transportation and communications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Guam" title="Communications in Guam">Communications in Guam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Guam" title="Transportation in Guam">Transportation in Guam</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guam_Route_8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Guam_Route_8.svg/130px-Guam_Route_8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Guam_Route_8.svg/195px-Guam_Route_8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Guam_Route_8.svg/260px-Guam_Route_8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption>Guam Highway 8 route marker</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of the island has state-of-the-art mobile phone services and high-speed internet widely available through either cable or <a href="/wiki/DSL" class="mw-redirect" title="DSL">DSL</a>. Guam was added to the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">North American Numbering Plan</a> (NANP) in 1997. The country code 671 became NANP <a href="/wiki/Area_code_671" title="Area code 671">area code 671</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This removed the barrier of high-cost international long-distance calls to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental United States">continental U.S</a>. </p><p>Guam is a major hub for <a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cables" class="mw-redirect" title="Submarine communications cables">submarine communications cables</a> between the Western U.S., Hawaii, Australia and Asia. Guam currently serves twelve submarine cables, with most continuing to China. In 2012 <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i> stated that the island has "tremendous bandwidth" and internet prices comparable to those of the U.S. Mainland due to being at the junction of undersea cables.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1899, the local postage stamps were overprinted "Guam" as was done for the other former Spanish colonies, but this was discontinued shortly thereafter and regular U.S. postage stamps have been used ever since. Guam is part of the U.S. Postal System (<a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_abbreviations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state abbreviations">postal abbreviation</a>: GU, <a href="/wiki/ZIP_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ZIP code">ZIP code range</a>: 96910–96932). Mail to Guam from the U.S. mainland is considered domestic and no additional charges are required. Private shipping companies, such as FedEx, UPS, and DHL, however, have no obligation to do so, and do not regard Guam as domestic. </p><p>The speed of mail traveling between Guam and the states varies depending on size and time of year. Light, first-class items generally take less than a week to or from the mainland. Larger first-class or Priority items can take a week or two. Fourth-class mail, such as magazines, are transported by sea after reaching Hawaii. Most residents use post office boxes or private mail boxes, although residential delivery is becoming increasingly available. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:140819-D-DT527-135_(14792598170).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/140819-D-DT527-135_%2814792598170%29.jpg/220px-140819-D-DT527-135_%2814792598170%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/140819-D-DT527-135_%2814792598170%29.jpg/330px-140819-D-DT527-135_%2814792598170%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/140819-D-DT527-135_%2814792598170%29.jpg/440px-140819-D-DT527-135_%2814792598170%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption>Construction at the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Guam" title="Port of Guam">Port of Guam</a>, 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Guam" title="Port of Guam">Port of Guam</a> is the island's lifeline, because most products must be shipped into Guam for consumers. It receives the weekly calls of the Hawaii-based shipping line <a href="/wiki/Matson,_Inc." title="Matson, Inc.">Matson, Inc.</a> whose container ships connect Guam with Honolulu, Hawaii; Los Angeles, California; Oakland, California; and Seattle, Washington. The port is also the regional transhipment hub for over 500,000 customers throughout the Micronesian region. The port is the shipping and receiving point for containers designated for the island's U.S. Department of Defense installations, Andersen Air Force Base and Commander, Naval Forces Marianas and eventually the Third Marine Expeditionary Force. </p><p>Guam is served by the <a href="/wiki/Antonio_B._Won_Pat_International_Airport" title="Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport">Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport</a>. The island is outside the United States customs zone,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so Guam is responsible for establishing and operating its own customs and quarantine agency and jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span data-sort-value="{{{1}}}" style="display:none;"></span><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span data-sort-value="{{{1}}}" style="display:none;"></span><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a> only carries out immigration, but not customs functions. Since Guam is under federal immigration jurisdiction, passengers arriving directly from the United States skip immigration and proceed directly to Guam Customs and Quarantine. </p><p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/Visa_waiver_program#Guam_and_Northern_Mariana_Islands_Visa_Waiver_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa waiver program">Guam and CNMI visa waiver program</a> for certain countries, an eligibility pre-clearance check is carried on Guam for flights to the States. For travel from the Northern Mariana Islands to Guam, a pre-flight passport and visa check is performed before boarding the flight to Guam. On flights from Guam to the Northern <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a>, no immigration check is performed. Traveling between Guam and the States through a foreign point requires a passport. </p><p>Most residents travel within Guam using personally owned vehicles. The <a href="/wiki/Guam_Regional_Transit_Authority" title="Guam Regional Transit Authority">Guam Regional Transit Authority</a> provides fixed route bus and paratransit services, and some commercial companies operate buses between tourist-frequented locations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Guam" title="List of schools in Guam">List of schools in Guam</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Umatac_Outdoor_Library_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Umatac_Outdoor_Library_1.jpg/220px-Umatac_Outdoor_Library_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Umatac_Outdoor_Library_1.jpg/330px-Umatac_Outdoor_Library_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Umatac_Outdoor_Library_1.jpg/440px-Umatac_Outdoor_Library_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1273" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Umatac_Outdoor_Library" title="Umatac Outdoor Library">Umatac Outdoor Library</a>, built in 1933, was the first library in southern Guam.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Guam_Public_Library_System" title="Guam Public Library System">Guam Public Library System</a> operates the Nieves M. Flores Memorial Library in <a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagåtña">Hagåtña</a> and five branch libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Guam_Department_of_Education" title="Guam Department of Education">Guam Department of Education</a> serves the entire island of Guam. In 2000, 32,000 students attended Guam's public schools, including 26 elementary schools, eight middle schools, and six high schools and alternative schools. Guam Public Schools have struggled with problems such as high dropout rates and poor test scores.<sup id="cite_ref-Merrow_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merrow-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-State_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guam's educational system has always faced unique challenges as a small community located 6,000 miles (9,700 km) from the U.S. mainland with a very diverse student body including many students who come from backgrounds without traditional American education.<sup id="cite_ref-Peabody_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peabody-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An economic downturn in Guam since the mid-1990s has compounded the problems in schools.<sup id="cite_ref-Guam_Legislature_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guam_Legislature-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before September 1997, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a> partnered with the Guam Board of Education.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1997, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_Education_Activity" title="Department of Defense Education Activity">Department of Defense Education Activity</a> (DoDEA) opened its own schools for children of military personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DoDEA schools, which also serve children of some federal civilian employees, had an attendance of 2,500 in 2000. DoDEA Guam operates three elementary/middle schools and <a href="/wiki/Guam_High_School_(Guam)" title="Guam High School (Guam)">one high school</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DODEA_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DODEA-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Guam" title="University of Guam">University of Guam</a> (UOG) and <a href="/wiki/Guam_Community_College" title="Guam Community College">Guam Community College</a>, both fully accredited by the <a href="/wiki/Western_Association_of_Schools_and_Colleges" title="Western Association of Schools and Colleges">Western Association of Schools and Colleges</a>, offer courses in higher education.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UOG is a member of the exclusive group of only 106 <a href="/wiki/Land-grant_university" title="Land-grant university">land-grant institutions</a> in the entire United States. <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_University" title="Pacific Islands University">Pacific Islands University</a> is a small Christian liberal arts institution, nationally accredited by the <a href="/wiki/Transnational_Association_of_Christian_Colleges_and_Schools" title="Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools">Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_care">Health care</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Health care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2020_coronavirus_pandemic_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 coronavirus pandemic in Guam">2020 coronavirus pandemic in Guam</a></div> <p>The Government of Guam maintains the island's main health care facility, <a href="/wiki/Guam_Memorial_Hospital" title="Guam Memorial Hospital">Guam Memorial Hospital</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Tamuning,_Guam" title="Tamuning, Guam">Tamuning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. board certified doctors and dentists practice in all specialties. The <a href="/wiki/Naval_Hospital_Guam" title="Naval Hospital Guam">U.S. Naval Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Agana_Heights,_Guam" title="Agana Heights, Guam">Agana Heights</a> serves active-duty members and dependents of the military community.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is one subscriber-based <a href="/wiki/Air_ambulance" class="mw-redirect" title="Air ambulance">air ambulance</a> located on the island, CareJet, which provides emergency patient transportation across Guam and surrounding islands.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A private hospital, the <a href="/wiki/Guam_Regional_Medical_City" title="Guam Regional Medical City">Guam Regional Medical City</a>, opened in early 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-GRMC_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRMC-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medicaid is accepted in Guam.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/47px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/62px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/32px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/48px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/64px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="617" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceania" title="Portal:Oceania">Oceania portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/51st_state" title="51st state">51st state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Guam-related_articles" title="Index of Guam-related articles">Index of Guam-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_hospitals_in_the_United_States#Insular_areas" title="Lists of hospitals in the United States">Lists of hospitals in the United States#Insular areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Guam" title="List of people from Guam">List of people from Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Guam" title="Outline of Guam">Outline of Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_Guam" title="Voting in Guam">Voting in Guam</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Despite being under the sovereignty of the United States since 1898, Guam has not been fully <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#Incorporated_vs._unincorporated_territories" title="Territories of the United States">incorporated</a> into the country for constitutional purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See the page for the <a href="/wiki/Insular_Cases#Background" title="Insular Cases">Insular Cases</a> for more information.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-130/us-territories-introduction/">"U.S. Territories - Developments in the Law"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_Review" title="Harvard Law Review">Harvard Law Review</a></i>. April 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Law+Review&rft.atitle=U.S.+Territories+-+Developments+in+the+Law&rft.date=2017-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fharvardlawreview.org%2Fprint%2Fvol-130%2Fus-territories-introduction%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA_Factbook-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_Factbook_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_Factbook_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_Factbook_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_Factbook_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_Factbook_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guam/">"Australia-Oceania :: Guam (Territory of the US)"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. Central Intelligence Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126164717/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guam/">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Australia-Oceania+%3A%3A+Guam+%28Territory+of+the+US%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fguam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Religion-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Religion_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912191843/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/guam#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010">"Guam"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/guam#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010">the original</a> on September 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalreligiousfutures.org%2Fcountries%2Fguam%23%2F%3Faffiliations_religion_id%3D0%26affiliations_year%3D2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/country/GU">"Guam | Data"</a>. <i>data.worldbank.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210809093906/https://data.worldbank.org/country/GU">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=Guam+%7C+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Fcountry%2FGU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oia-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oia_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070209094507/http://www.doi.gov/oia/Firstpginfo/territories.html">"U.S. Territories"</a>. DOI Office of Insular Affairs. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doi.gov/oia/Firstpginfo/territories.html">the original</a> on February 9, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Territories&rft.pub=DOI+Office+of+Insular+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doi.gov%2Foia%2FFirstpginfo%2Fterritories.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721034923/http://www.doi.gov/oia/Islandpages/political_types.htm">"Definitions of Insular Area Political Organizations"</a>. <i>U.S. Department of the Interior</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doi.gov/oia/Islandpages/political_types.htm">the original</a> on July 21, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+the+Interior&rft.atitle=Definitions+of+Insular+Area+Political+Organizations.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doi.gov%2Foia%2FIslandpages%2Fpolitical_types.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Insular_Affairs" title="Office of Insular Affairs">Office of Insular Affairs</a></i>. Retrieved October 31, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blust_2000_83–122-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blust_2000_83–122_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blust_2000_83–122_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlust2000" class="citation journal cs1">Blust, Robert (2000). "Chamorro Historical Phonology". <i>Oceanic Linguistics</i>. <b>39</b> (1): 83–122. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fol.2000.0002">10.1353/ol.2000.0002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-8115">0029-8115</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170236058">170236058</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oceanic+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Chamorro+Historical+Phonology&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=83-122&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170236058%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0029-8115&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fol.2000.0002&rft.aulast=Blust&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith_2017_435–490-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2017_435–490_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2017_435–490_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2017" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Alexander D. (2017). "The Western Malayo-Polynesian Problem". <i>Oceanic Linguistics</i>. <b>56</b> (2): 435–490. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fol.2017.0021">10.1353/ol.2017.0021</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149377092">149377092</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oceanic+Linguistics&rft.atitle=The+Western+Malayo-Polynesian+Problem&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=435-490&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fol.2017.0021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149377092%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Alexander+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515072107/http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2007/07/ap_guammemorialtheft_070707/">"Guam police arrest suspect in memorial theft"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Times" title="Marine Corps Times">Marine Corps Times</a></i>. Associated Press. July 7, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2007/07/ap_guammemorialtheft_070707/">the original</a> on May 15, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Corps+Times&rft.atitle=Guam+police+arrest+suspect+in+memorial+theft&rft.date=2007-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinecorpstimes.com%2Fnews%2F2007%2F07%2Fap_guammemorialtheft_070707%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogers2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rogers2_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rogers2_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rogers2_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rogers2_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers1995" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Robert F. (1995). <i>Destiny's Landfall: A History of Guam</i>. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-1678-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-1678-0"><bdi>978-0-8248-1678-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destiny%27s+Landfall%3A+A+History+of+Guam&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-1678-0&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KUAM-2016-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KUAM-2016_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KUAM-2016_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2016" class="citation web cs1">Staff (April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kuam.com/story/31747261/2016/04/Sunday/uog-poll-guamanians-prefer-statehood">"UOG poll: Guamanians prefer statehood"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/KUAM-TV" title="KUAM-TV">KUAM-TV</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KUAM-TV&rft.atitle=UOG+poll%3A+Guamanians+prefer+statehood&rft.date=2016-04&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuam.com%2Fstory%2F31747261%2F2016%2F04%2FSunday%2Fuog-poll-guamanians-prefer-statehood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freymann-2020-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Freymann-2020_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freymann-2020_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreymann2020" class="citation web cs1">Freymann, Eyck (October 14, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/10/14/counter-china-by-making-guam-a-state/">"Counter China by Making Guam a State"</a>. <i>Foreign Policy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Counter+China+by+Making+Guam+a+State&rft.date=2020-10-14&rft.aulast=Freymann&rft.aufirst=Eyck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2020%2F10%2F14%2Fcounter-china-by-making-guam-a-state%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMack2017" class="citation book cs1">Mack, Doug (2017). <i>The Not-Quite States of America: Dispatches From the Territories and Other Far-Flung Outposts of the USA</i>. W.W. Norton. p. 114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393247602" title="Special:BookSources/9780393247602"><bdi>9780393247602</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Not-Quite+States+of+America%3A+Dispatches+From+the+Territories+and+Other+Far-Flung+Outposts+of+the+USA&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780393247602&rft.aulast=Mack&rft.aufirst=Doug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrabowski1992" class="citation book cs1">Grabowski, John F. (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/usterritoriespos00grab/page/39"><i>U.S. Territories and Possessions (State Report Series)</i></a></span>. Chelsea House. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/usterritoriespos00grab/page/39">39</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780791010532" title="Special:BookSources/9780791010532"><bdi>9780791010532</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Territories+and+Possessions+%28State+Report+Series%29&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Chelsea+House&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780791010532&rft.aulast=Grabowski&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fusterritoriespos00grab%2Fpage%2F39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140227010648/http://www.un.org/en/decolonization/nonselfgovterritories.shtml">"Non-Self-Governing Territories – Official U.N. Website"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/decolonization/nonselfgovterritories.shtml">the original</a> on February 27, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Non-Self-Governing+Territories+%E2%80%93+Official+U.N.+Website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fdecolonization%2Fnonselfgovterritories.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pdn-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pdn_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTamondong2010" class="citation news cs1">Tamondong, Dionesis (February 16, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guampdn.com/article/20100216/NEWS01/2160308/1002/Camacho-Name-change-will-affirm-identity">"Camacho: Name Change Will Affirm Identity"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Daily_News" title="Pacific Daily News">Pacific Daily News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Camacho%3A+Name+Change+Will+Affirm+Identity&rft.date=2010-02-16&rft.aulast=Tamondong&rft.aufirst=Dionesis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guampdn.com%2Farticle%2F20100216%2FNEWS01%2F2160308%2F1002%2FCamacho-Name-change-will-affirm-identity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2010">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaco1859" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Saco, José Antonio (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mK3UAAAAMAAJ&q=%2522Guaj%25C3%25A1n%2522&pg=PA110"><i>Colección de papeles científicos, históricos, políticos y de otros ramos sobre la isla de Cuba</i></a> [<i>Collection of scientific, historical, political and other papers on the island of Cuba</i>] (in Spanish). Vol. 3. Paris: d'Aubusson y Kugelmann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201113192120/https://books.google.com/books?id=mK3UAAAAMAAJ&q=%2522Guaj%25C3%25A1n%2522&pg=PA110">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colecci%C3%B3n+de+papeles+cient%C3%ADficos%2C+hist%C3%B3ricos%2C+pol%C3%ADticos+y+de+otros+ramos+sobre+la+isla+de+Cuba&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=d%27Aubusson+y+Kugelmann&rft.date=1859&rft.aulast=Saco&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmK3UAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%252522Guaj%2525C3%2525A1n%252522%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hung-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hung_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHungCarsonBellwoodCampos2015" class="citation journal cs1">Hung, Hsiao-chun; Carson, Mike T.; Bellwood, Peter; Campos, Fredeliza Z.; Piper, Philip J.; Dizon, Eusebio; Bolunia, Mary Jane Louise A.; Oxenham, Marc; Chi, Zhang (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00068393">"The first settlement of Remote Oceania: the Philippines to the Marianas"</a>. <i>Antiquity</i>. <b>85</b> (329): 909–926. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00068393">10.1017/S0003598X00068393</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=The+first+settlement+of+Remote+Oceania%3A+the+Philippines+to+the+Marianas&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=329&rft.pages=909-926&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003598X00068393&rft.aulast=Hung&rft.aufirst=Hsiao-chun&rft.au=Carson%2C+Mike+T.&rft.au=Bellwood%2C+Peter&rft.au=Campos%2C+Fredeliza+Z.&rft.au=Piper%2C+Philip+J.&rft.au=Dizon%2C+Eusebio&rft.au=Bolunia%2C+Mary+Jane+Louise+A.&rft.au=Oxenham%2C+Marc&rft.au=Chi%2C+Zhang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0003598X00068393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zotomayor-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zotomayor_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZotomayor2013" class="citation journal cs1">Zotomayor, Alexie Villegas (March 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/aleksea/docs/mv_3-12-13/2">"Archaeologists say migration to Marianas longest ocean-crossing in human history"</a>. <i>Marianas Variety News and Views</i>: 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221021085833/https://issuu.com/aleksea/docs/mv_3-12-13/2">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marianas+Variety+News+and+Views&rft.atitle=Archaeologists+say+migration+to+Marianas+longest+ocean-crossing+in+human+history&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2013-03-12&rft.aulast=Zotomayor&rft.aufirst=Alexie+Villegas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Faleksea%2Fdocs%2Fmv_3-12-13%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carano-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carano_21-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaranoSanchez1964" class="citation book cs1">Carano, Paul; Sanchez, Pedro C. (1964). <i>A Complete History of Guam</i>. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/414965">414965</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Complete+History+of+Guam&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Charles+E.+Tuttle+Company&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F414965&rft.aulast=Carano&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Sanchez%2C+Pedro+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDriverBrunal-Perry1996" class="citation book cs1">Driver, Marjorie; Brunal-Perry, Omaira (November 19, 1996). <i>Carolinians in the Mariana Islands in the 1800s: selected documents from the holdings of the Spanish Documents Collection at the Micronesian Area Research Center: English-Spanish Edition (English-Spanish ed.)</i>. Division of Historic Preservation, Department of Community and Cultural Affairs, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1878453211" title="Special:BookSources/1878453211"><bdi>1878453211</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carolinians+in+the+Mariana+Islands+in+the+1800s%3A+selected+documents+from+the+holdings+of+the+Spanish+Documents+Collection+at+the+Micronesian+Area+Research+Center%3A+English-Spanish+Edition+%28English-Spanish+ed.%29&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Division+of+Historic+Preservation%2C+Department+of+Community+and+Cultural+Affairs%2C+Commonwealth+of+the+Northern+Mariana+Islands&rft.date=1996-11-19&rft.isbn=1878453211&rft.aulast=Driver&rft.aufirst=Marjorie&rft.au=Brunal-Perry%2C+Omaira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rottman-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rottman_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rottman_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rottman_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rottman_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rottman, G. (2004) <i>Guam 1941 & 1944: Loss and Reconquest</i>. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-811-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-811-3">978-1-84176-811-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sextant-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sextant_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConrad2017" class="citation web cs1">Conrad, Dennis (March 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210319064717/https://usnhistory.navylive.dodlive.mil/2017/03/28/the-war-begins-the-united-states-navy-and-the-german-cruiser-cormoran/">"The War Begins: The United States Navy and the German Cruiser Cormoran"</a>. <i>The Sextant</i>. Histories and Archives Division, Naval History and Heritage Command. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usnhistory.navylive.dodlive.mil/2017/03/28/the-war-begins-the-united-states-navy-and-the-german-cruiser-cormoran/">the original</a> on March 19, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sextant&rft.atitle=The+War+Begins%3A+The+United+States+Navy+and+the+German+Cruiser+Cormoran&rft.date=2017-03-28&rft.aulast=Conrad&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusnhistory.navylive.dodlive.mil%2F2017%2F03%2F28%2Fthe-war-begins-the-united-states-navy-and-the-german-cruiser-cormoran%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoppe-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hoppe_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoppe2015" class="citation web cs1">Hoppe, Jon (October 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.navalhistory.org/2015/10/01/the-destruction-of-the-s-m-s-cormoran">"The Destruction of the S.M.S. Cormoran and the First U.S. Shot Fired in World War I"</a>. <i>Naval History Blog</i>. U.S. Naval Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200930030833/https://www.navalhistory.org/2015/10/01/the-destruction-of-the-s-m-s-cormoran">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naval+History+Blog&rft.atitle=The+Destruction+of+the+S.M.S.+Cormoran+and+the+First+U.S.+Shot+Fired+in+World+War+I&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft.aulast=Hoppe&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.navalhistory.org%2F2015%2F10%2F01%2Fthe-destruction-of-the-s-m-s-cormoran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogers1995-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rogers1995_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_F._Rogers1995" class="citation book cs1">Robert F. Rogers (January 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AEn9J3tXFS8C&pg=PA139"><i>Destiny's Landfall: A History of Guam</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 139–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-1678-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-1678-0"><bdi>978-0-8248-1678-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destiny%27s+Landfall%3A+A+History+of+Guam&rft.pages=139-&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1995-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-1678-0&rft.au=Robert+F.+Rogers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAEn9J3tXFS8C%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2020" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Tyler (October 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wyo4news.com/news/a-rock-springs-man-fired-the-first-american-shot-of-world-war-i/">"A Rock Springs man fired the first American shot of World War I"</a>. <i>Wyo4News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406004056/https://wyo4news.com/news/a-rock-springs-man-fired-the-first-american-shot-of-world-war-i/">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wyo4News&rft.atitle=A+Rock+Springs+man+fired+the+first+American+shot+of+World+War+I&rft.date=2020-10-17&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwyo4news.com%2Fnews%2Fa-rock-springs-man-fired-the-first-american-shot-of-world-war-i%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/197751">War Restitution Act : hearing before the Subcommittee on Insular and International Affairs of the Co...|National Library of Australia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100406001230/http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/197751">Archived</a> April 6, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Catalogue.nla.gov.au (September 20, 1994). Retrieved June 13, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doi.gov/oia/press/2004/72104guam_war_claims.cfm">Statement of David B. Cohen Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Insular Affairs Before the House Committee on Resources Regarding the Report of the Guam War Claims Review Commission|July 21, 2004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120023031/http://www.doi.gov/oia/press/2004/72104guam_war_claims.cfm">Archived</a> January 20, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Insular_Affairs" title="Office of Insular Affairs">Office of Insular Affairs</a></i>. Retrieved September 19, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiguchi2001" class="citation journal cs1">Higuchi, Wakako (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021514/http://www.hawaii.edu/hivandaids/The_Japanisation_Policy_for_the_Chamorros_of_Guam%2C_1941-1944.pdf">"The Japanisation Policy for the Chamorros of Guam, 1941–1944"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Journal of Pacific History</i>. <b>36</b> (1): 19–35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00223340120049424">10.1080/00223340120049424</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawaii.edu/hivandaids/The_Japanisation_Policy_for_the_Chamorros_of_Guam,_1941-1944.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Pacific+History&rft.atitle=The+Japanisation+Policy+for+the+Chamorros+of+Guam%2C+1941%E2%80%931944&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19-35&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00223340120049424&rft.aulast=Higuchi&rft.aufirst=Wakako&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawaii.edu%2Fhivandaids%2FThe_Japanisation_Policy_for_the_Chamorros_of_Guam%2C_1941-1944.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Werner Gruhl, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ow5Wlmu9MPQC&pg=PA102">Imperial Japan's World War Two, 1931–1945</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101014017/https://books.google.com/books?id=ow5Wlmu9MPQC&pg=PA102">Archived</a> January 1, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, Transaction Publishers, 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0352-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0352-8">978-0-7658-0352-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers1995" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Robert F. (1995). <i>Destiny's Landfall: A History of Guam</i>. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destiny%27s+Landfall%3A+A+History+of+Guam&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Curry-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Curry_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurry2008" class="citation news cs1">Curry, Tom (May 28, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna24839059">"Nominating, but not voting for president: Clinton-Obama struggle spotlights Guam, American Samoa, Puerto Rico"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815080233/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/24839059/ns/politics-decision_08/t/nominating-not-voting-president">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nominating%2C+but+not+voting+for+president%3A+Clinton-Obama+struggle+spotlights+Guam%2C+American+Samoa%2C+Puerto+Rico&rft.date=2008-05-28&rft.aulast=Curry&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna24839059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudd.ch/event.php?lang=en&id=mp011969">Northern Mariana Islands, 9 November 1969: Status</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415165235/https://sudd.ch/event.php?lang=en&id=mp011969">Archived</a> April 15, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Direct Democracy <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTourism2004" class="citation book cs1">Tourism, United States Congress Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs, Foreign Commerce, and (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wflkLlQ3r1QC&dq=guam++effects+of+the+September+11+terrorist+attacks+on+tourism&pg=PA71"><i>Terrorism's Effect on U.S. Tourism: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs, Foreign Commerce, and Tourism of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, October 12, 2001</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-071313-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-071313-2"><bdi>978-0-16-071313-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406194352/https://books.google.com/books?id=wflkLlQ3r1QC&dq=guam++effects+of+the+September+11+terrorist+attacks+on+tourism&pg=PA71">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Terrorism%27s+Effect+on+U.S.+Tourism%3A+Hearing+Before+the+Subcommittee+on+Consumer+Affairs%2C+Foreign+Commerce%2C+and+Tourism+of+the+Committee+on+Commerce%2C+Science%2C+and+Transportation%2C+United+States+Senate%2C+One+Hundred+Seventh+Congress%2C+First+Session%2C+October+12%2C+2001&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-16-071313-2&rft.aulast=Tourism&rft.aufirst=United+States+Congress+Senate+Committee+on+Commerce%2C+Science%2C+and+Transportation+Subcommittee+on+Consumer+Affairs%2C+Foreign+Commerce%2C+and&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwflkLlQ3r1QC%26dq%3Dguam%2B%2Beffects%2Bof%2Bthe%2BSeptember%2B11%2Bterrorist%2Battacks%2Bon%2Btourism%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/education/region-guam/">"Education Resources: Regional Information, Guam| PacIOOS"</a>. <i>Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301223100/http://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/education/region-guam/">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Islands+Ocean+Observing+System+%28PacIOOS%29&rft.atitle=Education+Resources%3A+Regional+Information%2C+Guam%7C+PacIOOS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pacioos.hawaii.edu%2Feducation%2Fregion-guam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-most-extreme-points-of-the-united-states.html">"The Most Extreme Points of the United States"</a>. <i>WorldAtlas</i>. May 28, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225054940/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-most-extreme-points-of-the-united-states.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WorldAtlas&rft.atitle=The+Most+Extreme+Points+of+the+United+States&rft.date=2018-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-most-extreme-points-of-the-united-states.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-1999-03-04/pdf/CREC-1999-03-04-house.pdf">"Congressional Record - Proceedings and Debates of the 106th Congress, First Session - House of Representatives (Vol. 145, No. 34)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>govinfo.gov</i>. March 4, 1999. p. H982. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508113549/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-1999-03-04/pdf/CREC-1999-03-04-house.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=govinfo.gov&rft.atitle=Congressional+Record+-+Proceedings+and+Debates+of+the+106th+Congress%2C+First+Session+-+House+of+Representatives+%28Vol.+145%2C+No.+34%29&rft.pages=H982&rft.date=1999-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FCREC-1999-03-04%2Fpdf%2FCREC-1999-03-04-house.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guam-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guam_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guam_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Geography of Guam". <i>Official site of Guam</i>, April 19, 2014. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961027163532/http://ns.gov.gu/geography.html">"Guam's Geography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ns.gov.gu/geography.html">the original</a> on October 27, 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guam%27s+Geography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fns.gov.gu%2Fgeography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMahon2021" class="citation web cs1">McMahon, Mary (January 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobloom.com/how-do-scientists-determine-the-worlds-tallest-mountain.htm">"How do Scientists Determine the World's Tallest Mountain?"</a>. <i>Info Bloom</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210520184712/https://www.infobloom.com/how-do-scientists-determine-the-worlds-tallest-mountain.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Info+Bloom&rft.atitle=How+do+Scientists+Determine+the+World%27s+Tallest+Mountain%3F&rft.date=2021-01-23&rft.aulast=McMahon&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobloom.com%2Fhow-do-scientists-determine-the-worlds-tallest-mountain.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFichtl2017" class="citation web cs1">Fichtl, Marcus (August 31, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stripes.com/lifestyle/guam-s-mount-lamlam-technically-world-s-tallest-mountain-though-most-of-it-is-underwater-1.485437">"Guam's Mount Lamlam technically world's tallest mountain, though most of it is underwater"</a>. <i>Stars and Stripes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201118105200/https://www.stripes.com/lifestyle/guam-s-mount-lamlam-technically-world-s-tallest-mountain-though-most-of-it-is-underwater-1.485437">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stars+and+Stripes&rft.atitle=Guam%27s+Mount+Lamlam+technically+world%27s+tallest+mountain%2C+though+most+of+it+is+underwater&rft.date=2017-08-31&rft.aulast=Fichtl&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Flifestyle%2Fguam-s-mount-lamlam-technically-world-s-tallest-mountain-though-most-of-it-is-underwater-1.485437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VOA_20170809-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VOA_20170809_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/guam-small-important-piece-us-territory-pacific">"Guam: Small But Important Piece of US Territory in Pacific | Voice of America - English"</a>. <i>VOA News</i>. August 9, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310070638/https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/guam-small-important-piece-us-territory-pacific">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VOA+News&rft.atitle=Guam%3A+Small+But+Important+Piece+of+US+Territory+in+Pacific+%7C+Voice+of+America+-+English&rft.date=2017-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Feast-asia-pacific%2Fguam-small-important-piece-us-territory-pacific&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Climatological_Report-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Climatological_Report_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Climatological_Report_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140307004247/http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/getclimate.php?date=&wfo=guam&sid=GUM&pil=CLM&recent=yes&specdate=2013-03-04+15%3A20%3A44">"Climatological Report"</a>. National Weather Service. February 26, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/getclimate.php?date=&wfo=guam&sid=GUM&pil=CLM&recent=yes&specdate=2013-03-04+15%3A20%3A44">the original</a> on March 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climatological+Report&rft.pub=National+Weather+Service&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nws.noaa.gov%2Fclimate%2Fgetclimate.php%3Fdate%3D%26wfo%3Dguam%26sid%3DGUM%26pil%3DCLM%26recent%3Dyes%26specdate%3D2013-03-04%2B15%253A20%253A44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd2021" class="citation web cs1">Lloyd, Bruce (February 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guampdn.com/story/news/2021/01/31/guam-weather-cold-temperature-record-saturday/4334204001/">"Guam sets a 71-year record for cold temperature on Saturday"</a>. <i>Pacific Daily News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Guam+sets+a+71-year+record+for+cold+temperature+on+Saturday&rft.date=2021-02-01&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guampdn.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2021%2F01%2F31%2Fguam-weather-cold-temperature-record-saturday%2F4334204001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130107012415/http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/releases2000/apr00/noaa00r235.html">"National Weather Service Dedicated Forecast Office in Typhoon Alley"</a>. US NOAA NWS. April 27, 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/releases2000/apr00/noaa00r235.html">the original</a> on January 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Weather+Service+Dedicated+Forecast+Office+in+Typhoon+Alley&rft.pub=US+NOAA+NWS&rft.date=2000-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicaffairs.noaa.gov%2Freleases2000%2Fapr00%2Fnoaa00r235.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110207111227/http://www.rms.com/catastrophe/models/Guam.asp">"Guam Catastrophe Model"</a>. <i>Risk Management Solutions</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rms.com/Catastrophe/Models/Guam.asp">the original</a> on February 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Risk+Management+Solutions&rft.atitle=Guam+Catastrophe+Model&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rms.com%2FCatastrophe%2FModels%2FGuam.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070827132157/http://www.pacificworlds.com/guam/land/winds.cfm">"Winds"</a>. PacificWorlds.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pacificworlds.com/guam/land/winds.cfm">the original</a> on August 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winds&rft.pub=PacificWorlds.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pacificworlds.com%2Fguam%2Fland%2Fwinds.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=gum">"NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210906150411/https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=gum">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NowData+-+NOAA+Online+Weather+Data&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Fwrh%2FClimate%3Fwfo%3Dgum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCEI-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NCEI_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=GQW00041415&format=pdf">"Station: Guam INTL AP, GU GQ"</a>. <i>U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020)</i>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911151301/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=GQW00041415&format=pdf">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Climate+Normals+2020%3A+U.S.+Monthly+Climate+Normals+%281991-2020%29&rft.atitle=Station%3A+Guam+INTL+AP%2C+GU+GQ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Faccess%2Fservices%2Fdata%2Fv1%3Fdataset%3Dnormals-monthly-1991-2020%26startDate%3D0001-01-01%26endDate%3D9996-12-31%26stations%3DGQW00041415%26format%3Dpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAAsun-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAAsun_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911151125/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG__V/U1/91217.TXT">"WMO Climate Normals for Guam/Marshall Islands, PI 1961–1990"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG__V/U1/91217.TXT">the original</a> on September 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WMO+Climate+Normals+for+Guam%2FMarshall+Islands%2C+PI+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2Fdata%2Fnormals%2FWMO%2F1961-1990%2FTABLES%2FREG__V%2FU1%2F91217.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090324224423/http://www.guamforestry.org/docs/final_guam_2004.pdf">"Territory of Guam Fire Assessment January 2004"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guamforestry.org/docs/final_guam_2004.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 24, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Territory+of+Guam+Fire+Assessment+January+2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guamforestry.org%2Fdocs%2Ffinal_guam_2004.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span>, pp. 6–7, guamforestry.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Park_Service-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-National_Park_Service_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Park_Service_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Park_Service" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213232039/http://www.nps.gov/archive/wapa/indepth/Park/Natural/fire/fireguam.htm">"Fire and Guam"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/archive/wapa/indepth/Park/Natural/fire/fireguam.htm">the original</a> on December 13, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+the+Interior&rft.atitle=Fire+and+Guam&rft.au=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farchive%2Fwapa%2Findepth%2FPark%2FNatural%2Ffire%2Ffireguam.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2008" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Val (May 30, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/646794275">"Guam's Reefs are Important to Guam's Culture and Economy"</a>. <i>Pacific Daily News</i>. Agana Heights, Guam. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211001213252/http://www.newspapers.com/image/646794275/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2021</span>. <q>The results indicated that Guam's reefs are worth $127 million per year</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Guam%27s+Reefs+are+Important+to+Guam%27s+Culture+and+Economy&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2008-05-30&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Val&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F646794275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Valerie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525022205/http://content%2Dstatic.guampdn.com/guampublishing/special%2Dsections/mlsea/8%2Dfuture.htm">"Guam's Marine Preserves"</a>. <i>Pacific Daily News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guampdn.com/guampublishing/special-sections/mlsea/8-future.htm">the original</a> on May 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Guam%27s+Marine+Preserves&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guampdn.com%2Fguampublishing%2Fspecial-sections%2Fmlsea%2F8-future.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitguam.com/chamorro-culture/nature/sea-life/">"Sea Life"</a>. <i>Guam Visitors Bureau</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200531225300/https://www.visitguam.com/chamorro-culture/nature/sea-life/">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guam+Visitors+Bureau&rft.atitle=Sea+Life&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitguam.com%2Fchamorro-culture%2Fnature%2Fsea-life%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guamepa.govguam.net/programs/epr/sediment_report.pdf">"Management of Contaminated Harbor Sediments in Guam"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>EPA Guam Report</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070808031615/http://www.guamepa.govguam.net/programs/epr/sediment_report.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 8, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EPA+Guam+Report&rft.atitle=Management+of+Contaminated+Harbor+Sediments+in+Guam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guamepa.govguam.net%2Fprograms%2Fepr%2Fsediment_report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPackbier,_Paul_E.R." class="citation web cs1">Packbier, Paul E.R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726141402/http://www.pcrguam.com/press_releases/Tumon_Bay.htm">"Tumon Bay – Engineering a Better Environment"</a>. <i>Directions Magazine; June/July 1996</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcrguam.com/press_releases/Tumon_Bay.htm">the original</a> on July 26, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Directions+Magazine%3B+June%2FJuly+1996&rft.atitle=Tumon+Bay+%E2%80%93+Engineering+a+Better+Environment&rft.au=Packbier%2C+Paul+E.R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcrguam.com%2Fpress_releases%2FTumon_Bay.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes_III2001" class="citation journal cs1">Holmes III, Rolston (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cep.unt.edu/ISEE/n12-3-01.htm">"Environmental Ethics in Micronesia, Past and Present, Part II—Guam Today: Still "on the Edge." Colonial Legacy and American Presence"</a>. <i>International Society for Environmental Ethics Newsletter</i>. <b>12</b> (3). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609092403/http://www.cep.unt.edu/ISEE/n12-3-01.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Society+for+Environmental+Ethics+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Environmental+Ethics+in+Micronesia%2C+Past+and+Present%2C+Part+II%E2%80%94Guam+Today%3A+Still+%22on+the+Edge.%22+Colonial+Legacy+and+American+Presence&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Holmes+III&rft.aufirst=Rolston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cep.unt.edu%2FISEE%2Fn12-3-01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dewittguam.com/what-languages-are-spoken-guam/">"What Languages Are Spoken on Guam?"</a>. <i>DeWitt Guam</i>. November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221224010952/https://www.dewittguam.com/what-languages-are-spoken-guam/">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DeWitt+Guam&rft.atitle=What+Languages+Are+Spoken+on+Guam%3F&rft.date=2021-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dewittguam.com%2Fwhat-languages-are-spoken-guam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/guam#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010">"Guam - Religious Demography: Affiliation"</a>. <i>Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200701045401/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/guam#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew-Templeton+Global+Religious+Futures+Project&rft.atitle=Guam+-+Religious+Demography%3A+Affiliation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalreligiousfutures.org%2Fcountries%2Fguam%23%2F%3Faffiliations_religion_id%3D0%26affiliations_year%3D2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicsandcultures.org/guam">"Guam | Catholics & Cultures"</a>. <i>www.catholicsandcultures.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.catholicsandcultures.org&rft.atitle=Guam+%26%23124%3B+Catholics+%26+Cultures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicsandcultures.org%2Fguam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWuerchBallendorf199444-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWuerchBallendorf199444_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWuerchBallendorf1994">Wuerch & Ballendorf 1994</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Montón-Subías-2021-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Montón-Subías-2021_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Montón-Subías-2021_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontón-SubíasHernando_Gonzalo2021" class="citation journal cs1">Montón-Subías, Sandra; Hernando Gonzalo, Almudena (August 28, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10761-021-00626-3">"Modern Colonialism and Cultural Continuity Through Material Culture: An Example from Guam and CHamoru Plaiting"</a>. <i>International Journal of Historical Archaeology</i>. <b>26</b> (3): 823–847. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10761-021-00626-3">10.1007/s10761-021-00626-3</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10230%2F53171">10230/53171</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-7748">1573-7748</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239658158">239658158</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Historical+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Modern+Colonialism+and+Cultural+Continuity+Through+Material+Culture%3A+An+Example+from+Guam+and+CHamoru+Plaiting&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=823-847&rft.date=2021-08-28&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10230%2F53171&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A239658158%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1573-7748&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10761-021-00626-3&rft.aulast=Mont%C3%B3n-Sub%C3%ADas&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.au=Hernando+Gonzalo%2C+Almudena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs10761-021-00626-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-»_Voices_of_Our_Elders-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-»_Voices_of_Our_Elders_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-»_Voices_of_Our_Elders_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guampedia.com/voices-of-our-elders/">"» Voices of Our Elders"</a>. <i>www.guampedia.com</i>. November 4, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220421141653/https://www.guampedia.com/voices-of-our-elders/">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.guampedia.com&rft.atitle=%C2%BB+Voices+of+Our+Elders&rft.date=2015-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guampedia.com%2Fvoices-of-our-elders%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECunninghamBeaty20015-6-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunninghamBeaty20015-6_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCunninghamBeaty2001">Cunningham & Beaty 2001</a>, p. 5-6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECunninghamBeaty20015-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunninghamBeaty20015_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCunninghamBeaty2001">Cunningham & Beaty 2001</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESafford191211-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESafford191211_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSafford1912">Safford 1912</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoquet2017" class="citation book cs1">Boquet, Yves (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-51926-5"><i>The Philippine Archipelago</i></a>. Springer Geography. Springer. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-51926-5">10.1007/978-3-319-51926-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-51926-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-51926-5"><bdi>978-3-319-51926-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:132890899">132890899</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221107070418/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-51926-5">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philippine+Archipelago&rft.series=Springer+Geography&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A132890899%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-51926-5&rft.isbn=978-3-319-51926-5&rft.aulast=Boquet&rft.aufirst=Yves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbook%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-51926-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESafford191213–14-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESafford191213–14_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSafford1912">Safford 1912</a>, pp. 13–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshTaitano2015" class="citation journal cs1">Marsh, Kelly G.; Taitano, Tyrone J. (2015). "Guam". <i>The Contemporary Pacific</i>. <b>27</b>: 223–232. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fcp.2015.0021">10.1353/cp.2015.0021</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:258106437">258106437</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Contemporary+Pacific&rft.atitle=Guam&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=223-232&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fcp.2015.0021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A258106437%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.aufirst=Kelly+G.&rft.au=Taitano%2C+Tyrone+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Balajadia2014" class="citation news cs1">Robert Balajadia (January 10, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guamsportsnetwork.com/2014/guams-favorite-pro-teams/">"GUAM'S FAVORITE PRO TEAMS"</a>. <i>Guam Sports Network</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120163244/https://www.guamsportsnetwork.com/2014/guams-favorite-pro-teams/">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guam+Sports+Network&rft.atitle=GUAM%27S+FAVORITE+PRO+TEAMS&rft.date=2014-01-10&rft.au=Robert+Balajadia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guamsportsnetwork.com%2F2014%2Fguams-favorite-pro-teams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guamsportsnetwork.com/2017/gba-bombers-hold-off-mvp-season-3-title/">"GBA: Bombers hold off MVP for season 3 title"</a>. May 30, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170717021834/https://www.guamsportsnetwork.com/2017/gba-bombers-hold-off-mvp-season-3-title/">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GBA%3A+Bombers+hold+off+MVP+for+season+3+title&rft.date=2017-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guamsportsnetwork.com%2F2017%2Fgba-bombers-hold-off-mvp-season-3-title%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomas2020" class="citation news cs1">Tomas, Jojo Santo (April 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eu.guampdn.com/story/sports/pacific-games/2019/07/12/guam-basketball-samoa-pacific-games/1721976001/">"Samoa Pacific Games: Guam basketball teams notch wins"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Daily_News" title="Pacific Daily News">Pacific Daily News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Samoa+Pacific+Games%3A+Guam+basketball+teams+notch+wins&rft.date=2020-04-09&rft.aulast=Tomas&rft.aufirst=Jojo+Santo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feu.guampdn.com%2Fstory%2Fsports%2Fpacific-games%2F2019%2F07%2F12%2Fguam-basketball-samoa-pacific-games%2F1721976001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFIFA.com" class="citation web cs1">FIFA.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905082559/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/index.html#275171">"2018 FIFA World Cup Russia - Qualifiers - Asia"</a>. <i>FIFA.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/index.html#275171">the original</a> on September 5, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FIFA.com&rft.atitle=2018+FIFA+World+Cup+Russia+-+Qualifiers+-+Asia&rft.au=FIFA.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fworldcup%2Fpreliminaries%2Fasia%2Findex.html%23275171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slinging.org/forum/YaBB.pl?num=1581637436">"Slinging.org Forum - Guam 2021"</a>. <i>Guam Sports Network</i>. December 10, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118040452/https://slinging.org/forum/YaBB.pl?num=1581637436">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guam+Sports+Network&rft.atitle=Slinging.org+Forum+-+Guam+2021&rft.date=2020-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslinging.org%2Fforum%2FYaBB.pl%3Fnum%3D1581637436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fokai.tv/guam-and-its-potential-impact-on-the-global-slinging-community-slinging-org/">"Guam And It's [sic] Potential Impact On The Global Slinging Community"</a>. <i>Fokai</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230323075912/https://fokai.tv/guam-and-its-potential-impact-on-the-global-slinging-community-slinging-org/">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fokai&rft.atitle=Guam+And+It%27s+%5Bsic%5D+Potential+Impact+On+The+Global+Slinging+Community&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffokai.tv%2Fguam-and-its-potential-impact-on-the-global-slinging-community-slinging-org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Americans,_Almost_and_Forgotten-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Americans,_Almost_and_Forgotten_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Americans,_Almost_and_Forgotten_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lin, Tom C.W., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3454210">Americans, Almost and Forgotten</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921093931/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3454210">Archived</a> September 21, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 107 California Law Review (2019)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-visitguam.org-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-visitguam.org_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-visitguam.org_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070827061618/http://www.visitguam.org/members/?pg=research">"Guam Visitors Bureau Tourist Statistics"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitguam.org/members/?pg=research">the original</a> on August 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guam+Visitors+Bureau+Tourist+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitguam.org%2Fmembers%2F%3Fpg%3Dresearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span>. visitguam.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Washington_Post-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Washington_Post_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordanSullivan1999" class="citation news cs1">Jordan, Mary; Sullivan, Kevin (January 2, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1999/01/02/kmart-is-an-easy-sell-on-guam/74091263-e16f-488b-bca2-8ead3dbe5205/">"KMART IS AN EASY SELL ON GUAM"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161114073224/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1999/01/02/kmart-is-an-easy-sell-on-guam/74091263-e16f-488b-bca2-8ead3dbe5205/">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=KMART+IS+AN+EASY+SELL+ON+GUAM&rft.date=1999-01-02&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1999%2F01%2F02%2Fkmart-is-an-easy-sell-on-guam%2F74091263-e16f-488b-bca2-8ead3dbe5205%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-109shrg28058/html/CHRG-109shrg28058.htm">"- Territories of Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands"</a>. <i>www.govinfo.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220913160258/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-109shrg28058/html/CHRG-109shrg28058.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.govinfo.gov&rft.atitle=-+Territories+of+Guam%2C+American+Samoa%2C+the+Commonwealth+of+the+Northern+Mariana+Islands%2C+and+the+U.S.+Virgin+Islands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FCHRG-109shrg28058%2Fhtml%2FCHRG-109shrg28058.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-III_MEF_Move_to_Guam-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-III_MEF_Move_to_Guam_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/10/01/marines-activate-camp-blaz-guam-corps-first-new-base-1952.html">"IIIMEF Move"</a>. October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305212029/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/10/01/marines-activate-camp-blaz-guam-corps-first-new-base-1952.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IIIMEF+Move&rft.date=2020-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.military.com%2Fdaily-news%2F2020%2F10%2F01%2Fmarines-activate-camp-blaz-guam-corps-first-new-base-1952.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kerrigan, Kevin. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100511080356/http://www.pacificnewscenter.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4897%3Acont-mic&catid=45%3Aguam-news&Itemid=156">"Guam Will Be The Pacific Hub for Merged Airlines"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pacificnewscenter.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4897:cont-mic&catid=45:guam-news&Itemid=156">the original</a> on May 11, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guam+Will+Be+The+Pacific+Hub+for+Merged+Airlines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pacificnewscenter.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D4897%3Acont-mic%26catid%3D45%3Aguam-news%26Itemid%3D156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span>. <i>Pacific News Center</i> (May 5, 2010). Retrieved October 5, 2010. "Continental Micronesia is Guam's single largest employer. About 1400 jobs here on dependent on the airline."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ir.unitedcontinentalholdings.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=83680&p=irol-homeProfile">Company Information</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110128152147/http://ir.unitedcontinentalholdings.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=83680&p=irol-homeprofile">Archived</a> January 28, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110128152147/http://ir.unitedcontinentalholdings.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=83680&p=irol-homeprofile">Archive</a>) <a href="/wiki/United_Continental_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="United Continental Holdings">United Continental Holdings</a>. Retrieved November 16, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blairbright-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blairbright_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlair2008" class="citation journal cs1">Blair, Chad (May 30, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pacific.bizjournals.com/pacific/stories/2008/06/02/story3.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Air Mike' a rare bright spot in local aviation"</a>. <i>Pacific Business News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080617234010/http://pacific.bizjournals.com/pacific/stories/2008/06/02/story3.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Business+News&rft.atitle=%27Air+Mike%27+a+rare+bright+spot+in+local+aviation&rft.date=2008-05-30&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Chad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpacific.bizjournals.com%2Fpacific%2Fstories%2F2008%2F06%2F02%2Fstory3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCW-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PCW_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051029043436/http://pacificweb.org/guam/2004%20Guam%20Yearbook/2004_Guam_Yearbook_FinalR2_Full%20Version.pdf">"2004 Guam Yearbook"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pacificweb.org/guam/2004+Guam+Yearbook/2004_Guam_Yearbook_FinalR2_Full+Version.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 29, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2004+Guam+Yearbook&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpacificweb.org%2Fguam%2F2004%2BGuam%2BYearbook%2F2004_Guam_Yearbook_FinalR2_Full%2BVersion.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guam_BLS-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guam_BLS_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bls.guam.gov/">"Guam BLS"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150213092008/http://bls.guam.gov/">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guam+BLS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbls.guam.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bls.guam.gov/unemployment-situation-on-guam/">"Unemployment Situation on Guam – Bureau of Labor Statistics"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unemployment+Situation+on+Guam+%E2%80%93+Bureau+of+Labor+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbls.guam.gov%2Funemployment-situation-on-guam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bls.guam.gov/unemployment-situation-on-guam/">"Unemployment Situation on Guam – Bureau of Labor Statistics"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unemployment+Situation+on+Guam+%E2%80%93+Bureau+of+Labor+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbls.guam.gov%2Funemployment-situation-on-guam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/uploads/public-law-108-188-December-17-2003.pdf">Compact of Free Associate Amendments Act of 2003</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Compact+of+Free+Associate+Amendments+Act+of+2003&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doi.gov%2Fsites%2Fdoi.gov%2Ffiles%2Fuploads%2Fpublic-law-108-188-December-17-2003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/118/plaws/publ42/PLAW-118publ42.pdf">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Consolidated+Appropriations+Act%2C+2024&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2F118%2Fplaws%2Fpubl42%2FPLAW-118publ42.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAvoy2010" class="citation news cs1">McAvoy, Audrey (February 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2010/02/25/epa_sharply_criticizes_militarys_guam_plan/">"EPA sharply criticizes military's Guam plan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512013841/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2010/02/25/epa_sharply_criticizes_militarys_guam_plan/">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=EPA+sharply+criticizes+military%27s+Guam+plan&rft.date=2010-02-25&rft.aulast=McAvoy&rft.aufirst=Audrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Farticles%2F2010%2F02%2F25%2Fepa_sharply_criticizes_militarys_guam_plan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marines.mil/News/News-Display/Article/2367980/marine-corps-activates-camp-blaz-in-guam/">"Marine Corps activates Camp Blaz in Guam"</a>. <i>United States Marine Corps Flagship</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308222412/https://www.marines.mil/News/News-Display/Article/2367980/marine-corps-activates-camp-blaz-in-guam/">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Marine+Corps+Flagship&rft.atitle=Marine+Corps+activates+Camp+Blaz+in+Guam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marines.mil%2FNews%2FNews-Display%2FArticle%2F2367980%2Fmarine-corps-activates-camp-blaz-in-guam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNatividad2012" class="citation news cs1">Natividad, Lisalinda (May 30, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/en/decolonization/pdf/crp_2012_guam.pdf">"Statement of the Non-Self Governing Territory of Guam to the Pacific Regional Seminar on the implementation of the third decade for the eradication of colonialism: current realities and prospects in Quito, Ecuador"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>United Nations</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190412031009/https://www.un.org/en/decolonization/pdf/crp_2012_guam.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=Statement+of+the+Non-Self+Governing+Territory+of+Guam+to+the+Pacific+Regional+Seminar+on+the+implementation+of+the+third+decade+for+the+eradication+of+colonialism%3A+current+realities+and+prospects+in+Quito%2C+Ecuador&rft.date=2012-05-30&rft.aulast=Natividad&rft.aufirst=Lisalinda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fdecolonization%2Fpdf%2Fcrp_2012_guam.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guampedia-2016-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guampedia-2016_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guampedia-2016_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guampedia.com/commission-on-decolonization">"Commission on Decolonization 2014"</a>. <i>Guampedia</i>. December 3, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170228163623/http://www.guampedia.com/commission-on-decolonization/">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guampedia&rft.atitle=Commission+on+Decolonization+2014&rft.date=2016-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guampedia.com%2Fcommission-on-decolonization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guampedia.com/guam-constitutional-conventions-concon/">"Guam Constitutional Conventions (ConCon) - Guampedia"</a>. <i>www.guampedia.com</i>. August 27, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.guampedia.com&rft.atitle=Guam+Constitutional+Conventions+%28ConCon%29+-+Guampedia&rft.date=2013-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guampedia.com%2Fguam-constitutional-conventions-concon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raymundo-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Raymundo_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymundo2016" class="citation news cs1">Raymundo, Shawn (December 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guampdn.com/story/news/2016/12/07/commission-launch-series-decolonization-meetings/95076830/">"Commission to launch series of decolonization meetings"</a>. <i>Pacific Daily News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Commission+to+launch+series+of+decolonization+meetings&rft.date=2016-12-08&rft.aulast=Raymundo&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guampdn.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2016%2F12%2F07%2Fcommission-launch-series-decolonization-meetings%2F95076830%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/press/en/2016/gacol3290.doc.htm">"Secretary-General Urges Concrete Action to Advance Decolonization Agenda as Pacific Regional Seminar Convenes"</a>. <i>United Nations</i>. May 31, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170228082817/http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/gacol3290.doc.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2017</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Let us seize this opportunity to identify concrete actions to advance the decolonization agenda," Mr. Ban said ... according to the United Nations Charter and relevant General Assembly resolutions, a full measure of self-government could be achieved through independence, integration or free association with another State. The choice should be the result of the freely expressed will and desire of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=Secretary-General+Urges+Concrete+Action+to+Advance+Decolonization+Agenda+as+Pacific+Regional+Seminar+Convenes&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fpress%2Fen%2F2016%2Fgacol3290.doc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/press/en/2016/gacol3290.doc.htm">"Secretary-General Urges Concrete Action to Advance Decolonization Agenda as Pacific Regional Seminar Convenes"</a>. <i>United Nations</i>. May 31, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170228082817/http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/gacol3290.doc.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=Secretary-General+Urges+Concrete+Action+to+Advance+Decolonization+Agenda+as+Pacific+Regional+Seminar+Convenes&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fpress%2Fen%2F2016%2Fgacol3290.doc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unpowelcomes5newmembers-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unpowelcomes5newmembers_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unpo.org/article/22010">"UNPO Welcomes 5 New Members!"</a>. <i>unpo.org</i>. August 3, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806201317/https://unpo.org/article/22010">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unpo.org&rft.atitle=UNPO+Welcomes+5+New+Members%21&rft.date=2020-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funpo.org%2Farticle%2F22010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guam-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guam_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unpo.org/article/22015">"Guam: Territory to be Inducted into UNPO"</a>. <i>unpo.org</i>. July 31, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809004427/https://unpo.org/article/22015">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unpo.org&rft.atitle=Guam%3A+Territory+to+be+Inducted+into+UNPO&rft.date=2020-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funpo.org%2Farticle%2F22015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._N._Deak1996" class="citation web cs1">J. N. Deak (August 5, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nanpa.com/pdf_previous/08_02_99/pl_nanp_004.pdf">"PL-NANP-004"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. North American Numbering Plan Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126175014/http://nanpa.com/pdf_previous/08_02_99/pl_nanp_004.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 26, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PL-NANP-004&rft.pub=North+American+Numbering+Plan+Administration&rft.date=1996-08-05&rft.au=J.+N.+Deak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nanpa.com%2Fpdf_previous%2F08_02_99%2Fpl_nanp_004.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalabrese,_MichaelDaniel_CalarcoColin_Richardson2012" class="citation web cs1">Calabrese, Michael; Daniel Calarco; Colin Richardson (May 24, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/technology/2012/05/internet-access-and-cost-in-american-samoa-northern-marianas-islands-guam.html">"The Most Expensive Internet in America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191218143415/https://slate.com/technology/2012/05/internet-access-and-cost-in-american-samoa-northern-marianas-islands-guam.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=The+Most+Expensive+Internet+in+America&rft.date=2012-05-24&rft.au=Calabrese%2C+Michael&rft.au=Daniel+Calarco&rft.au=Colin+Richardson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Ftechnology%2F2012%2F05%2Finternet-access-and-cost-in-american-samoa-northern-marianas-islands-guam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2016-title19/html/USCODE-2016-title19-chap4-subtitleIII-partI-subparta-sec1401.htm">19 U.S.C. § 1401(h)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180731062243/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2016-title19/html/USCODE-2016-title19-chap4-subtitleIII-partI-subparta-sec1401.htm">Archived</a> July 31, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2018-title19-vol1/xml/CFR-2018-title19-vol1-sec7-2.xml">19 C.F.R. § 7.2(b) (2018)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180731062149/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2018-title19-vol1/xml/CFR-2018-title19-vol1-sec7-2.xml">Archived</a> July 31, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=9438365734100701234">"People of Territory of Guam v. Sugiyama, 846 F. 2d 570 – Court of Appeals, 9th Circuit 1988 – Google Scholar"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921093928/https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=9438365734100701234">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=People+of+Territory+of+Guam+v.+Sugiyama%2C+846+F.+2d+570+%E2%80%93+Court+of+Appeals%2C+9th+Circuit+1988+%E2%80%93+Google+Scholar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar_case%3Fcase%3D9438365734100701234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=10182869947278559413">"People of Territory of Guam v. SUGIYAMA, 859 F. 2d 1428 – Court of Appeals, 9th Circuit 1988 – Google Scholar"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921093938/https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=10182869947278559413">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=People+of+Territory+of+Guam+v.+SUGIYAMA%2C+859+F.+2d+1428+%E2%80%93+Court+of+Appeals%2C+9th+Circuit+1988+%E2%80%93+Google+Scholar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar_case%3Fcase%3D10182869947278559413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guamcourts.org/CompilerofLaws/GCA/05gca/5gc073.pdf#page=13">5 Guam Code Ann. § 73126 (2005)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190412031010/http://www.guamcourts.org/CompilerofLaws/GCA/05gca/5gc073.pdf#page=13">Archived</a> April 12, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opaguam.org/sites/default/files/CITIZEN-CENTRIC%20REPORT%20FY2011_0.pdf">"Guam Public Library System – A Report To Our Citizens"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918022432/http://www.opaguam.org/sites/default/files/CITIZEN-CENTRIC%20REPORT%20FY2011_0.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guam+Public+Library+System+%E2%80%93+A+Report+To+Our+Citizens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opaguam.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FCITIZEN-CENTRIC%2520REPORT%2520FY2011_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Merrow-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Merrow_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070810064606/https://www.pbs.org/merrow/tv/ftw/intro.html">"Merrow Report: First to Worst"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/merrow/tv/ftw/intro.html">the original</a> on August 10, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=Merrow+Report%3A+First+to+Worst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fmerrow%2Ftv%2Fftw%2Fintro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-State-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-State_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nagb.org/pubs/1996science/stat_tbl.html#tab10">"State Comparisons"</a>. 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070713093749/http://www.nagb.org/pubs/1996science/stat_tbl.html#tab10">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+Comparisons&rft.date=1996&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nagb.org%2Fpubs%2F1996science%2Fstat_tbl.html%23tab10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peabody-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Peabody_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraceTeresita_Salos1966" class="citation journal cs1">Grace, Ted; Teresita Salos (1966). "Guam's Education Marches On". <i>Peabody Journal of Education</i>. <b>44</b> (1): 37–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01619566609537383">10.1080/01619566609537383</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peabody+Journal+of+Education&rft.atitle=Guam%27s+Education+Marches+On&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37-39&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01619566609537383&rft.aulast=Grace&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft.au=Teresita+Salos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guam_Legislature-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guam_Legislature_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071214003451/http://www.guamlegislature.com/25th_Guam_Legislature/Bills_Introduced_25th/Bill%20No.%20089.html">"An act to establish a guam parental school choice program"</a>. 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guamlegislature.com/25th_Guam_Legislature/Bills_Introduced_25th/Bill%20No.%20089.html">the original</a> on December 14, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+act+to+establish+a+guam+parental+school+choice+program&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guamlegislature.com%2F25th_Guam_Legislature%2FBills_Introduced_25th%2FBill%2520No.%2520089.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newspaperarchive.com/LandingPage.aspx?type=glp&search=%22rats%2c%20other%20problems%20face%20guam%20schools%22&img=\\na0041\6800243\56035875_clean.html">Rats, other problems face Guam schools</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119144600/http://www.newspaperarchive.com/LandingPage.aspx?type=glp&search=%22rats%2c%20other%20problems%20face%20guam%20schools%22&img=%5C%5Cna0041%5C6800243%5C56035875_clean.html">Archived</a> January 19, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Stars_and_Stripes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Stars and Stripes">Pacific Stars and Stripes</a></i>. October 3, 1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120912002508/http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=12381">Guam School to Be Renamed in Honor of NASA Astronaut William McCool|SpaceRef – Your Space Reference</a>. SpaceRef (August 21, 2003). Retrieved June 13, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DODEA-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DODEA_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060509143001/http://www.pac.dodea.edu/aboutus/contacts/ContactSchools.htm">"District and School Contact Information"</a>. <i>pac.dodea.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pac.dodea.edu/aboutus/contacts/ContactSchools.htm">the original</a> on May 9, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pac.dodea.edu&rft.atitle=District+and+School+Contact+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pac.dodea.edu%2Faboutus%2Fcontacts%2FContactSchools.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071006101300/http://archives.pireport.org/archive/2006/june/06-15-ed.htm">"Politics Trumps Performance in Guam School System"</a>. <i>Pacific Islands Report</i>. June 15, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.pireport.org/archive/2006/june/06%2D15%2Ded.htm">the original</a> on October 6, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Islands+Report&rft.atitle=Politics+Trumps+Performance+in+Guam+School+System&rft.date=2006-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.pireport.org%2Farchive%2F2006%2Fjune%2F06%252D15%252Ded.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmha.org/">Welcome to the official Guam Memorial Hospital Authority Website! – Tonyt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091124011002/http://www.gmha.org/">Archived</a> November 24, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Gmha.org. Retrieved June 13, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.med.navy.mil/sites/usnhguam/Pages/default.aspx">U.S Naval Hospital Guam</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120617152539/http://www.med.navy.mil/SITES/USNHGUAM/Pages/default.aspx">Archived</a> June 17, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. United States Navy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://airmedical.net/2012/09/10/guams-carejet-program-resumes-service/">"Guam's CareJet Program Resumes Service"</a>. <i>Air Medical Net</i>. September 10, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160405092209/http://airmedical.net/2012/09/10/guams-carejet-program-resumes-service/">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Air+Medical+Net&rft.atitle=Guam%27s+CareJet+Program+Resumes+Service&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fairmedical.net%2F2012%2F09%2F10%2Fguams-carejet-program-resumes-service%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRMC-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRMC_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSablan2016" class="citation news cs1">Sablan, Jerick (January 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525021925/http://www.guampdn.com/story/entertainment/2015/12/31/no-5-guam-regional-medical-city-opens/77077524/">"No. 5: Guam Regional Medical City opens"</a>. <i>Pacific Daily News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guampdn.com/story/entertainment/2015/12/31/no-5-guam-regional-medical-city-opens/77077524/">the original</a> on May 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Daily+News&rft.atitle=No.+5%3A+Guam+Regional+Medical+City+opens&rft.date=2016-01-04&rft.aulast=Sablan&rft.aufirst=Jerick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guampdn.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2F2015%2F12%2F31%2Fno-5-guam-regional-medical-city-opens%2F77077524%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medicaid.gov/state-overviews/guam.html">"Guam | Medicaid"</a>. <i>www.medicaid.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009232016/https://www.medicaid.gov/state-overviews/guam.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.medicaid.gov&rft.atitle=Guam+%26%23124%3B+Medicaid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicaid.gov%2Fstate-overviews%2Fguam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunninghamBeaty2001" class="citation book cs1">Cunningham, Lawrence J.; Beaty, Janice J. (January 1, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZsZP537hdbIC"><i>A History of Guam</i></a>. Bess Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57306-068-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57306-068-4"><bdi>978-1-57306-068-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Guam&rft.pub=Bess+Press&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-57306-068-4&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+J.&rft.au=Beaty%2C+Janice+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZsZP537hdbIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafford1912" class="citation book cs1">Safford, William Edwin (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aIoKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA9"><i>Guam, an Account of Its Discovery and Reduction, Physical Geography and Natural History: And the Social and Economic Conditions on the Island During the First Year of the American Occupation</i></a> (Public domain ed.). General Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guam%2C+an+Account+of+Its+Discovery+and+Reduction%2C+Physical+Geography+and+Natural+History%3A+And+the+Social+and+Economic+Conditions+on+the+Island+During+the+First+Year+of+the+American+Occupation&rft.edition=Public+domain&rft.pub=General+Books&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Safford&rft.aufirst=William+Edwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaIoKAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWuerchBallendorf1994" class="citation book cs1">Wuerch, William L.; Ballendorf, Dirk Anthony (January 1, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h5EE-AVNT98C&pg=PA44"><i>Historical Dictionary of Guam and Micronesia</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-2858-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-2858-2"><bdi>978-0-8108-2858-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Guam+and+Micronesia&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-2858-2&rft.aulast=Wuerch&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rft.au=Ballendorf%2C+Dirk+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh5EE-AVNT98C%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaga1988" class="citation book cs1">Maga, Timothy P. (1988). <i>Defending Paradise: The United States and Guam, 1898–1950</i>. Garland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defending+Paradise%3A+The+United+States+and+Guam%2C+1898%E2%80%931950&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Maga&rft.aufirst=Timothy+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers1995" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Robert F. (1995). <i>Destiny's Landfall: A History of Guam</i>. University of Hawaii Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destiny%27s+Landfall%3A+A+History+of+Guam&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpear2014" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Spear, Jane E. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3273300082/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=52d93d45">"Guamanian Americans"</a>. In Riggs, Thomas (ed.). <i>Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America</i>. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). Gale. pp. 263–273.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Guamanian+Americans&rft.btitle=Gale+Encyclopedia+of+Multicultural+America&rft.pages=263-273&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Gale&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Spear&rft.aufirst=Jane+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.gale.com%2Fapps%2Fdoc%2FCX3273300082%2FGPS%3Fu%3Dwikipedia%26sid%3DGPS%26xid%3D52d93d45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuam" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guam&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Guam</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Guam" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Guam">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Guam" class="extiw" title="c:Guam">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Guam" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Guam">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Guam" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Guam">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Guam" class="extiw" title="voy:Guam">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16635" class="extiw" title="d:Q16635">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guam.gov/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guampedia.com/"><i>Guampedia</i></a> – Guam's online Encyclopedia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guamsocietyinc.org/guam-society-history/">"Guam Society of America"</a>, fosters the Chamorro language, culture, and traditions</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theinsularempire.com/"><i>The Insular Empire: America in the Mariana Islands</i></a>, PBS documentary film website.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guam/">Guam</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2001/dec/dmd01-icdppi.html">U.S. Census Bureau: Island Areas Census 2000</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034126/htdocs/wrir03-4126.html">Geology and Hydrology of Guam</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/international/hispanic/guam/guam.html">Portals to the World: Guam</a> from the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100814101722/http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/hispanic/guam/guam.html">Archived</a> August 14, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Guam" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Guam">Wikimedia Atlas of Guam</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/306001">Guam</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bsp.guam.gov/census-of-guam/">Guam Census</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221005014825/https://bsp.guam.gov/census-of-guam/">Archived</a> October 5, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Territory_of_Guam" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guam" title="Template:Guam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guam" title="Template talk:Guam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Territory_of_Guam" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territory</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guam</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Guam-related_articles" title="Index of Guam-related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Guam" title="Communications in Guam">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guam" title="Demographics of Guam">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guam" title="Economy of Guam">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guam" title="Geography of Guam">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Guam" title="Geology of Guam">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guam" title="Government of Guam">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guam" title="History of Guam">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in Guam">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guam" title="Geography of Guam">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apra_Harbor" title="Apra Harbor">Apra Harbor</a></li> <li>Bays (<a href="/wiki/Agat_Bay" title="Agat Bay">Agat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pago_Bay" title="Pago Bay">Pago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piti_Bomb_Holes_Marine_Preserve" title="Piti Bomb Holes Marine Preserve">Piti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talofofo_Bay" title="Talofofo Bay">Talofofo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tumon_Bay" title="Tumon Bay">Tumon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Guam" title="List of beaches in Guam">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabras_Island" title="Cabras Island">Cabras Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Guam" title="List of census-designated places in Guam">Census-designated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Island_(Guam)" title="Cocos Island (Guam)">Cocos Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cocos_Lagoon" title="Cocos Lagoon">Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_the_United_States#Guam" title="List of mountains of the United States">Mountains</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Lamlam" title="Mount Lamlam">Lamlam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Jumullong_Manglo" title="Mount Jumullong Manglo">Jumullong Manglo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orote_Peninsula" title="Orote Peninsula">Orote Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Lovers_Point" title="Two Lovers Point">Two Lovers Point</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Guam" title="Villages of Guam">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agana_Heights,_Guam" title="Agana Heights, Guam">Agana Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asan-Maina,_Guam" title="Asan-Maina, Guam">Asan‑Maina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrigada,_Guam" title="Barrigada, Guam">Barrigada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalan_Pago-Ordot,_Guam" title="Chalan Pago-Ordot, Guam">Chalan Pago-Ordot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dededo,_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dededo, Guam">Dededo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5gat,_Guam" title="Hågat, Guam">Hågat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hum%C3%A5tak,_Guam" title="Humåtak, Guam">Humåtak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inal%C3%A5han,_Guam" title="Inalåhan, Guam">Inalåhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangilao,_Guam" title="Mangilao, Guam">Mangilao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malesso,_Guam" title="Malesso, Guam">Malesso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongmong-Toto-Maite,_Guam" title="Mongmong-Toto-Maite, Guam">Mongmong-Toto-Maite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piti,_Guam" title="Piti, Guam">Piti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A5nta_Rita-Sumai,_Guam" title="Sånta Rita-Sumai, Guam">Sånta Rita-Sumai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinajana,_Guam" title="Sinajana, Guam">Sinajana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talo%27fo%27fo,_Guam" title="Talo'fo'fo, Guam">Talo'fo'fo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamuning,_Guam" title="Tamuning, Guam">Tamuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yigo,_Guam" title="Yigo, Guam">Yigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yona,_Guam" title="Yona, Guam">Yona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guam" title="History of Guam">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Guam" title="List of earthquakes in Guam">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typhoons_on_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of typhoons on Guam">Typhoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Chamorro_Wars" title="Spanish–Chamorro Wars">Spanish–Chamorro Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Guam_smallpox_epidemic" title="1856 Guam smallpox epidemic">1856 smallpox epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Guam" title="Capture of Guam">U.S. capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Japanese capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Guam" title="Japanese occupation of Guam">Japanese occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">2nd U.S. capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam_Organic_Act_of_1950" title="Guam Organic Act of 1950">Organic Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elective_Governor_Acts_of_1968" title="Elective Governor Acts of 1968">Elective Governor Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Karen" title="Typhoon Karen">Typhoon Karen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guam_v._United_States" title="Guam v. United States">Guam v. United States</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Guam" title="Culture of Guam">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_Nation" title="Chamorro Nation">Chamorro Nation</a></li> <li>Cuisine (<a href="/wiki/Chalakiles" title="Chalakiles">Chalakiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estufao" title="Estufao">Estufao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fina%27denne%27" title="Fina'denne'">Fina'denne'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyuria" title="Guyuria">Guyuria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaddon_pika" title="Kaddon pika">Kaddon pika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalamai_(dessert)" title="Kalamai (dessert)">Kalamai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelaguen" title="Kelaguen">Kelaguen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latiya_(dessert)" title="Latiya (dessert)">Latiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roskette" title="Roskette">Roskette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tinaktak" title="Tinaktak">Tinaktak</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam_Museum" title="Guam Museum">Guam Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Guam)" title="Liberation Day (Guam)">Liberation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latte_stone" title="Latte stone">Latte stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guam" title="Music of Guam">Music</a> (<a href="/wiki/Belembaotuyan" title="Belembaotuyan">Belembaotuyan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Guam" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Guam">National Register of Historic Places listings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Aga%C3%B1a" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agaña">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agaña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Guam" title="List of schools in Guam">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving_on_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwater diving on Guam">Underwater diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Mariana_Islands" title="Cuisine of the Mariana Islands">Cuisine of the Mariana Islands</a> (Shared with the Northern islands)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Region_Marianas" title="Joint Region Marianas">Joint Region Marianas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andersen_Air_Force_Base" title="Andersen Air Force Base">Andersen Air Force Base</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Field" title="Northwest Field">Northwest Field</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Base_Camp_Blaz" title="Marine Corps Base Camp Blaz">Marine Corps Base Camp Blaz‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Base_Guam" title="Naval Base Guam">Naval Base Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Barrigada" title="Radio Barrigada">Radio Barrigada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Computer_and_Telecommunications_Station_Guam" title="Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station Guam">NCTS Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Hospital_Guam" title="Naval Hospital Guam">Naval Hospital Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Annex" title="Ordnance Annex">Ordnance Annex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Healthcare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guam_Memorial_Hospital" title="Guam Memorial Hospital">Guam Memorial Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam_Regional_Medical_City" title="Guam Regional Medical City">Guam Regional Medical City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Hospital_Guam" title="Naval Hospital Guam">Naval Hospital Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guam">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Template:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania">Countries and territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_area" title="List of Oceanian countries by area">List of Oceanian countries by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population" title="List of Oceanian countries by population">List of Oceanian countries by population</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Papua" title="Central Papua">Central Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Papua" title="Highland Papua">Highland Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Papua" title="Southwest Papua">Southwest Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other <a href="/wiki/Territory#Overseas_territory" title="Territory">territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas collectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_country_of_France" title="Overseas country of France">Overseas country of France</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_the_Cook_Islands_and_Niue" title="Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue">Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">States and territories of Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Indian_Ocean_Territories" title="Australian Indian Ocean Territories">Australian Indian Ocean Territories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)">Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">United States Minor Outlying Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template talk:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political divisions of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Outlying islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">List of Indian reservations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Concessions_and_leases_in_international_relations" title="Concessions and leases in international relations">International concessions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Pituffik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Territories_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Territories of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Territories of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Territories of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Territories_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organic_act" title="Organic act">Organic act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_regions_of_the_United_States#Former_organized_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic regions of the United States">Organized incorporated territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">U.S. territorial sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:1px #ccc solid"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest</a> (1787–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Territory" title="Southwest Territory">Southwest</a> (1790–1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory" title="Mississippi Territory">Mississippi</a> (1798–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Territory" title="Indiana Territory">Indiana</a> (1800–1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Orleans" title="Territory of Orleans">Orleans</a> (1804–1812)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Territory" title="Louisiana Territory">Louisiana</a>/<a href="/wiki/Missouri_Territory" title="Missouri Territory">Missouri</a> (1805–1821)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan</a> (1805–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory" title="Illinois Territory">Illinois</a> (1809–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Territory" title="Alabama Territory">Alabama</a> (1817–1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Territory" title="Arkansas Territory">Arkansas</a> (1819–1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Territory" title="Florida Territory">Florida</a> (1822–1845)</li> <li>Oklahoma <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> 1834–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma Panhandle">Panhandle</a> 1850–1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Territory" title="Oklahoma Territory">Territory</a> 1890–1907</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Territory" title="Wisconsin Territory">Wisconsin</a> (1836–1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Territory" title="Iowa Territory">Iowa</a> (1838–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Territory" title="Oregon Territory">Oregon</a> (1848–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Territory" title="Minnesota Territory">Minnesota</a> (1849–1858)</li> <li>New Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._provisional_government_of_New_Mexico" title="U.S. provisional government of New Mexico">Provisional</a> 1846–1850</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">Territory</a> 1850–1912</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah</a> (1850–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Territory" title="Washington Territory">Washington</a> (1853–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Territory" title="Kansas Territory">Kansas</a> (1854–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Territory" title="Nebraska Territory">Nebraska</a> (1854–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Territory" title="Nevada Territory">Nevada</a> (1861–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Territory" title="Colorado Territory">Colorado</a> (1861–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota</a> (1861–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Territory" title="Idaho Territory">Idaho</a> (1863–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Territory" title="Arizona Territory">Arizona</a> (1863–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory" title="Montana Territory">Montana</a> (1864–1889)</li> <li>Alaska <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Alaska" title="Department of Alaska">Department</a> 1867–1884</li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Alaska" title="District of Alaska">District</a> 1884–1912</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Alaska" title="Territory of Alaska">Territory</a> 1912–1959</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Territory" title="Wyoming Territory">Wyoming</a> (1868–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii">Hawaii</a> (1900–1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#Incorporated_vs._unincorporated_territories" title="Territories of the United States">Unincorporated territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hawaii" title="Republic of Hawaii">Republic of Hawaii</a> (1898–1900)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Naval_Government_of_Guam" title="Naval Government of Guam">Naval Government</a> 1899–1950)</li> <li>Philippines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Government_of_the_Philippine_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands">Military Government</a> 1899–1902</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Government_of_the_Philippine_Islands" title="Insular Government of the Philippine Islands">Insular Government</a> 1902–1935</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth</a> 1935–1946</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Government_of_Porto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Military Government of Porto Rico">Military Government</a> 1899–1900</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Government_of_Porto_Rico" title="Insular Government of Porto Rico">Insular Government</a> 1900–1952</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> (1900–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a> (1917–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> (1986–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_trust_territories" title="United Nations trust territories">United Nations trust territories</a> and other inhabited territories governed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Concession_(Shanghai)" title="American Concession (Shanghai)">American concession of Shanghai</a> (1848–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_concession_of_Tianjin" title="American concession of Tianjin">American concession of Tianjin</a> (1860–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Government_of_Cuba" title="Military Government of Cuba">Cuba</a> (1899–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> (1903–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Islands" title="Corn Islands">Corn Islands</a> (1914–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_and_Enderbury_Islands" title="Canton and Enderbury Islands">Canton and Enderbury Islands</a> (1939–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonin_Islands#Navy_Time" title="Bonin Islands">Bonin Islands</a> (1945–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_Islands#History" title="Volcano Islands">Volcano Islands</a> (1945–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_Territory_of_the_Pacific_Islands" title="Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands">Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands</a> (1947–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Civil_Administration_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands" title="United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a> (1950–1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guano_Islands_Act" title="Guano Islands Act">Guano Islands Act</a> claims and other <a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">uninhabited islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">Phoenix Islands</a> (1856–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roncador_Bank" title="Roncador Bank">Roncador Bank</a> (1856–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrana_Bank" title="Serrana Bank">Serrana Bank</a> (1856–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a> (1857–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a> (1858–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a> (1858–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a> (1858–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a> (1860–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Islands,_Honduras" title="Swan Islands, Honduras">Swan Islands</a> (1863–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a> (1867–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a> (1867–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quita_Sue%C3%B1o_Bank" title="Quita Sueño Bank">Quita Sueño Bank</a> (1869–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a> (1898–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a> (1899–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Territories of the United States">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Subdivisions_of_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Subdivisions of the United States">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_census_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCensus_Geography" title="Template:USCensus Geography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCensus_Geography" title="Template talk:USCensus Geography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCensus_Geography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCensus Geography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_census_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">United States census</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_division" title="Census division">Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Federal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code_Tabulation_Area" title="ZIP Code Tabulation Area">ZIP Code Tabulation Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Native areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_corporation" title="Alaska Native corporation">Alaska Native corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_colony" title="Indian colony">Indian colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_home_land" title="Hawaiian home land">Hawaiian home land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-reservation_trust_land" title="Off-reservation trust land">Off-reservation trust land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Tribal_Statistical_Area" title="Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area">Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metropolitan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">Primary statistical area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)#List_of_primary_statistical_areas" title="Statistical area (United States)">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">Combined statistical area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core-based_statistical_area" title="Core-based statistical area">Core-based statistical area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_core-based_statistical_areas" title="List of core-based statistical areas">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metropolitan statistical area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropolitan_statistical_area" title="Micropolitan statistical area">Micropolitan statistical area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_city_and_town_area" title="New England city and town area">New England city and town area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">Urban area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State-level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of United States congressional districts">Congressional district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_counties_and_county_equivalents" title="List of United States counties and county equivalents">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_boroughs_and_census_areas_in_Alaska" title="List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska">Alaska census area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Municipalities of Puerto Rico">Municipio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_(United_States_Census_Bureau)" title="Place (United States Census Bureau)">Place</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">Census-designated</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Use_Microdata_Area" title="Public Use Microdata Area">Public use microdata area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_school_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of school districts in the United States">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">State legislative district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_growth_boundary" title="Urban growth boundary">Urban growth area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">County-level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_county_division" title="Census county division">Census county division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_civil_division" title="Minor civil division">Minor civil division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_analysis_zone" title="Traffic analysis zone">Traffic analysis zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_precinct" title="Electoral precinct">Voting district</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_block" title="Census block">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_block_group" title="Census block group">Block group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_tract" title="Census tract">Tract</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Census Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Template:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Template talk:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observer Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_Group_of_States" class="mw-redirect" title="African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States">ACP</a> Secretariat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretariat" title="Commonwealth Secretariat">Commonwealth Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">United Nations Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_and_Central_Pacific_Fisheries_Commission" title="Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission">Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialogue partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development partner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/45th_Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="45th Pacific Islands Forum">45th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="51st Pacific Islands Forum">51st</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spanish_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_Empire" title="Template:Spanish Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_Empire" title="Template talk:Spanish Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Timeline–immersed" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Timeline–immersed</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Monarchs">Catholic Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Conquest of the Americas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Asia and the Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_League_of_Cognac" title="War of the League of Cognac">War of the League of Cognac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">Encomiendas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Laws" title="New Laws">New Laws in favour of the indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Moriscos" title="Expulsion of the Moriscos">Expulsion of the Moriscos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars">Ottoman–Habsburg wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_War" title="Castilian War">Bruneian–Spanish conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean" title="Piracy in the Caribbean">Piracy in the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Moro_conflict" title="Spanish–Moro conflict">Spanish–Moro conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Spanish_War_(1635%E2%80%931659)" title="Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)">Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portuguese Restoration War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Bourbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Reforms" title="Bourbon Reforms">Bourbon Reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Jenkins%27_Ear" title="War of Jenkins' Ear">War of Jenkins' Ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Madrid_(13_January_1750)" title="Treaty of Madrid (13 January 1750)">Treaty of Madrid (1750)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nootka_Convention" title="Nootka Convention">Nootka Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Napoleonic invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Treaty_of_San_Ildefonso" title="Third Treaty of San Ildefonso">Third Treaty of San Ildefonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Independence of Spanish continental Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1812" title="Spanish Constitution of 1812">Liberal constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlist_Wars" title="Carlist Wars">Carlist Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Spanish_Treaty_(1899)" title="German–Spanish Treaty (1899)">German–Spanish Treaty (1899)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Morocco#Independent_Morocco_(since_1956)" title="History of Morocco">Independence of Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Guinea" title="Spanish Guinea">Independence of Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castille" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of Castille">Crown of Castille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Union with Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li> <li>Southern Italy (Kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples#Aragonese_dynasty" title="Kingdom of Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily#The_insular_kingdom_of_Sicily_under_the_Crown_of_Aragon_and_Spain" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sardinia#Aragonese_period" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Union with Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Catalonia" title="Northern Catalonia">Pyrénées-Orientales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_expeditions_to_the_Pacific_Northwest" title="Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest">Coastal Alaska</a>, Central United States (<a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Spanish Louisiana</a>), Western United States (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Spanish Texas</a>), <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Mexico (page does not exist)">Mexico</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_M%C3%A9xico" class="extiw" title="es:Reino de México">es</a>]</span>, Central America (<a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Yucatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy General of Yucatan">Captaincy General of Yucatan</a>), <a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Indies" title="Spanish West Indies">Spanish Caribbean</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Central_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Central America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Captaincy General of Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Indies" title="Spanish West Indies">Spanish West Indies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago#Spanish_period" title="History of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Santiago" title="Colony of Santiago">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haiti#Spanish_history_(1492–1625)" title="History of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruba#History" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao#History" title="Curaçao">Curazao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire#History" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Belize_(1506%E2%80%931862)" title="History of Belize (1506–1862)">Belize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">New Granada</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Granada" title="New Kingdom of Granada">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Quito" title="Real Audiencia of Quito">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Panama" title="Real Audiencia of Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Venezuela" title="Captaincy General of Venezuela">Venezuela, part of Guyana</a>, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Peru</a> (Peru, <a href="/wiki/Acre_(state)" title="Acre (state)">Acre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Chile" title="Captaincy General of Chile">Chile</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Río de la Plata</a> (<a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Governorate of the Río de la Plata">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Paraguay" title="Governorate of Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Charcas" title="Real Audiencia of Charcas">Charcas</a> (Bolivia), <a href="/wiki/Banda_Oriental" title="Banda Oriental">Banda Oriental</a> (Uruguay), <a href="/wiki/Misiones_Orientales" title="Misiones Orientales">Misiones Orientales</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="History of the Falkland Islands">Malvinas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Asia_and_Oceania_(Spanish_East_Indies)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Asia and Oceania (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Captaincy General of the Philippines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Mariana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Formosa" title="Spanish Formosa">Northern Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Guinea" title="Spanish Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li>Northern Africa (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sahara" title="Spanish Sahara">Western Sahara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_protectorate_in_Morocco" title="Spanish protectorate in Morocco">Spanish Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Tripoli" title="Spanish Tripoli">Tripoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunis#Spanish_occupation_and_Ottoman_control" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_of_Algiers" title="Peñón of Algiers">Peñón of Algiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oran#Spanish_period_(1509–1708,_1732–1792)" title="Oran">Oran</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa#Muslim_and_feudal_rulers" title="Béjaïa">Béjaïa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ifni" title="Ifni">Ifni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Juby" title="Cape Juby">Cape Juby</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctica" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Antarctica</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Terra Australis, Spain">Terra Australis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Administration" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administration</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento" title="Ayuntamiento">Ayuntamiento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_(council)" title="Cabildo (council)">Cabildo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Indies" title="Council of the Indies">Council of the Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_(guild)" title="Germania (guild)">Germania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Hermandad" title="Santa Hermandad">Santa Hermandad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exequatur" title="Exequatur">Exequatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_of_the_Indies" title="Laws of the Indies">Laws of the Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Decree_of_Graces_of_1815" title="Royal Decree of Graces of 1815">Royal Decree of Graces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">School of Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_residence" title="Trial of residence">Trial of residence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Titles and positions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcalde" title="Alcalde">Alcalde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corregidor_(position)" title="Corregidor (position)">Corregidor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_president" title="Municipal president">Municipal president</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regidor" title="Regidor">Regidor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndic" title="Syndic">Syndic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vecino" title="Vecino">Vecino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Administrative_subdivisions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative subdivisions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Viceroy#In_the_Americas" title="Viceroy">Viceroyalties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_Viceroyalty" title="Columbian Viceroyalty">Columbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain">New Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Perú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Río de la Plata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Captaincies_of_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Captaincies of the Spanish Empire">Captaincies General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Chile" title="Captaincy General of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Venezuela" title="Captaincy General of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Captaincy General of Yucatán">Yucatán</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Governorates of the Spanish Empire">Governorates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castilla_de_Oro" title="Castilla de Oro">Castilla de Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Cuba" title="Governorate of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">La Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">La Luisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Andalusia_(1501%E2%80%931513)" title="Governorate of New Andalusia (1501–1513)">New Andalusia (1501–1513)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Andalusia" title="Governorate of New Andalusia">New Andalusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Castile" title="Governorate of New Castile">New Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Navarre" title="New Navarre">New Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Toledo" title="Governorate of New Toledo">New Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Paraguay" title="Governorate of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Governorate of the Río de la Plata">Río de la Plata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Terra_Australis" title="Governorate of Terra Australis">Terra Australis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia" title="Real Audiencia">Audiencias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Granada" title="New Kingdom of Granada">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Audiencia_of_Buenos_Aires" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Audiencia of Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Venezuela" title="Captaincy General of Venezuela">Caracas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Charcas" title="Real Audiencia of Charcas">Charcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Real Audiencia of Concepción">Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Cusco" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Audiencia of Cusco">Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Audiencia_of_Guadalajara" title="Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Guatemala" title="Real Audiencia of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Lima" title="Real Audiencia of Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Manila" title="Real Audiencia of Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Audiencia_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Audiencia of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Panama" title="Real Audiencia of Panama">Panamá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Quito" title="Real Audiencia of Quito">Quito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Santiago" title="Real Audiencia of Santiago">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Economy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Currency_of_Spanish_America" title="Currency of Spanish America">Currencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Dollar (Peso)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_real" title="Spanish colonial real">Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraved%C3%AD" title="Maravedí">Maravedí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_escudo" title="Spanish escudo">Escudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columnarios" class="mw-redirect" title="Columnarios">Columnario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubloon" title="Doubloon">Doubloon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">Manila galleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_treasure_fleet" title="Spanish treasure fleet">Spanish treasure fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Contrataci%C3%B3n" title="Casa de Contratación">Casa de Contratación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Road" title="Spanish Road">Spanish Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guipuzcoan_Company_of_Caracas" title="Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas">Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Trading_Company" title="Barcelona Trading Company">Barcelona Trading Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consulate_of_the_Sea" title="Consulate of the Sea">Consulate of the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro" title="Camino Real de Tierra Adentro">Camino Real de Tierra Adentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Consulate_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires">Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Military" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Military</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tercio" title="Tercio">Tercio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Flanders" title="Army of Flanders">Army of Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Company_of_Volunteers_of_Catalonia" title="Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia">Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_auxiliaries" title="Indian auxiliaries">Indian auxiliaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_line_of_Spain" title="List of ships of the line of Spain">Ships of the line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royalist_(Spanish_American_independence)" title="Royalist (Spanish American independence)">Royalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Legion" title="Spanish Legion">Legión</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Africa_(Spain)" title="Army of Africa (Spain)">Army of Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Strategists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo,_3rd_Duke_of_Alba" title="Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba">Duke of Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Leyva,_Duke_of_Terranova" title="Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova">Antonio de Leyva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Goiti" title="Martín de Goiti">Martín de Goiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_d%27Avalos" title="Alfonso d'Avalos">Alfonso d'Avalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_de_Toledo_Osorio,_4th_Marquis_of_Villafranca" class="mw-redirect" title="García de Toledo Osorio, 4th Marquis of Villafranca">García de Toledo Osorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy">Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Baz%C3%A1n_the_Elder" title="Álvaro de Bazán the Elder">Álvaro de Bazán the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Austria" title="John of Austria">John of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bonaventure_de_Longueval,_Count_of_Bucquoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy">Charles Bonaventure de Longueval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Zubiaur" title="Pedro de Zubiaur">Pedro de Zubiaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola,_1st_Marquis_of_the_Balbases" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases">Ambrosio Spinola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blas_de_Lezo" title="Blas de Lezo">Blas de Lezo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez" title="Bernardo de Gálvez">Bernardo de Gálvez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Mariners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinz%C3%B3n_brothers" title="Pinzón brothers">Pinzón brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Sebasti%C3%A1n_Elcano" title="Juan Sebastián Elcano">Juan Sebastián Elcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_la_Cosa" title="Juan de la Cosa">Juan de la Cosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Juan Ponce de León">Juan Ponce de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Men%C3%A9ndez_de_Avil%C3%A9s" title="Pedro Menéndez de Avilés">Pedro Menéndez de Avilés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_de_Ocampo" title="Sebastián de Ocampo">Sebastián de Ocampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvar_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Cabeza_de_Vaca" title="Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca">Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Ojeda" title="Alonso de Ojeda">Alonso de Ojeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa" title="Vasco Núñez de Balboa">Vasco Núñez de Balboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Salazar" title="Alonso de Salazar">Alonso de Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_de_Urdaneta" title="Andrés de Urdaneta">Andrés de Urdaneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Ulloa" title="Antonio de Ulloa">Antonio de Ulloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos" title="Ruy López de Villalobos">Ruy López de Villalobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Columbus" title="Diego Columbus">Diego Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Ercilla" title="Alonso de Ercilla">Alonso de Ercilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_de_Ovando" title="Nicolás de Ovando">Nicolás de Ovando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Ayala" title="Juan de Ayala">Juan de Ayala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Vizca%C3%ADno" title="Sebastián Vizcaíno">Sebastián Vizcaíno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_(explorer)" title="Juan Fernández (explorer)">Juan Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Fajardo_y_Ru%C3%ADz_de_Avenda%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Fajardo y Ruíz de Avendaño">Luis Fajardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Ahedo" title="Felipe González de Ahedo">Felipe González de Ahedo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">Conquistadors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pizarro" title="Francisco Pizarro">Francisco Pizarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_P%C3%A9rez_de_Quesada" title="Hernán Pérez de Quesada">Hernán Pérez de Quesada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_V%C3%A1zquez_de_Coronado" title="Francisco Vázquez de Coronado">Francisco Vázquez de Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar">Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Valdivia" title="Pedro de Valdivia">Pedro de Valdivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Portol%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaspar de Portolà">Gaspar de Portolà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pere_Fages_i_Beleta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pere Fages i Beleta">Pere Fages i Beleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Orp%C3%AD" title="Joan Orpí">Joan Orpí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Alvarado" title="Pedro de Alvarado">Pedro de Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Urs%C3%BAa" title="Martín de Ursúa">Martín de Ursúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Almagro" title="Diego de Almagro">Diego de Almagro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1nfilo_de_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Pánfilo de Narváez">Pánfilo de Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Mazariegos" title="Diego de Mazariegos">Diego de Mazariegos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Luis_de_Cabrera" title="Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera">Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pere_d%27Albern%C3%AD_i_Teixidor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor">Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_L%C3%B3pez_de_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="García López de Cárdenas">García López de Cárdenas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Notable battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Old World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Won</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros" title="Revolt of the Comuneros">Comuneros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bicocca" title="Battle of Bicocca">Bicocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(1527)" title="Sack of Rome (1527)">Rome (1527)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landriano" title="Battle of Landriano">Landriano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pavia" title="Battle of Pavia">Pavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1535)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1535)">Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C3%BChlberg" title="Battle of Mühlberg">Mühlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Quentin_(1557)" title="Battle of St. Quentin (1557)">St. Quentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gravelines_(1558)" title="Battle of Gravelines (1558)">Gravelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto" title="Battle of Lepanto">Lepanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Antwerp" title="Fall of Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ponta_Delgada" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ponta Delgada">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mons_(1572)" title="Siege of Mons (1572)">Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gembloux_(1578)" title="Battle of Gembloux (1578)">Gembloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ostend" title="Siege of Ostend">Ostend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Armada" title="English Armada">English Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Celidonia" title="Battle of Cape Celidonia">Cape Celidonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Mountain" title="Battle of White Mountain">White Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breda_(1624)" title="Siege of Breda (1624)">Breda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_N%C3%B6rdlingen_(1634)" title="Battle of Nördlingen (1634)">Nördlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)" title="Battle of Valenciennes (1656)">Valenciennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieges_of_Ceuta_(1694%E2%80%931727)" title="Sieges of Ceuta (1694–1727)">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bitonto" title="Battle of Bitonto">Bitonto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bail%C3%A9n" title="Battle of Bailén">Bailén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vitoria" title="Battle of Vitoria">Vitoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_T%C3%A9touan" title="Battle of Tétouan">Tetouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_landing" title="Alhucemas landing">Alhucemas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Capo_d%27Orso" title="Battle of Capo d'Orso">Capo d'Orso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna_(1529)" title="Siege of Vienna (1529)">Vienna (1529)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Preveza" title="Battle of Preveza">Preveza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Castelnuovo" title="Siege of Castelnuovo">Siege of Castelnuovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_expedition_(1541)" title="Algiers expedition (1541)">Algiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ceresole" title="Battle of Ceresole">Ceresole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_invasion_of_the_Balearic_Islands_(1558)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman invasion of the Balearic Islands (1558)">Balearic Islands (1558)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Djerba" title="Battle of Djerba">Djerba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1574)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1574)">Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leiden" title="Siege of Leiden">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rocroi" title="Battle of Rocroi">Rocroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Downs" title="Battle of the Downs">Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montes_Claros" title="Battle of Montes Claros">Montes Claros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Passaro" title="Battle of Cape Passaro">Passaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_Bay" title="Battle of Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">Trafalgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Somosierra" title="Battle of Somosierra">Somosierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Annual" title="Battle of Annual">Annual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mactan" title="Battle of Mactan">Mactan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Won</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Tenochtitlan" title="Fall of Tenochtitlan">Tenochtitlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cajamarca" title="Battle of Cajamarca">Cajamarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cusco" title="Siege of Cusco">Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Bogotá savanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Penco" title="Battle of Penco">Penco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mataquito" title="Battle of Mataquito">Mataquito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guadalupe_Island_(1595)" title="Battle of Guadalupe Island (1595)">Guadalupe Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Recife_(1595)" title="Capture of Recife (1595)">Recife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1595)" title="Battle of San Juan (1595)">San Juan (1595)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_of_Bahia" title="Recapture of Bahia">Bahia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Colonia_del_Sacramento" title="Siege of Colonia del Sacramento">Colonia del Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros_(Paraguay)" title="Revolt of the Comuneros (Paraguay)">Comuneros (Paraguay)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cartagena_de_Indias" title="Battle of Cartagena de Indias">Cartagena de Indias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuerno_Verde" title="Cuerno Verde">Cuerno Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_T%C3%BApac_Amaru_II" title="Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II">Túpac Amaru II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Katari" title="Túpac Katari">Túpac Katari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pensacola" title="Siege of Pensacola">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_expedition" title="Newfoundland expedition">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1797)" title="Battle of San Juan (1797)">San Juan (1797)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Noche_Triste" title="La Noche Triste">La Noche Triste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iguape_War" title="Iguape War">Iguape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tucapel" title="Battle of Tucapel">Tucapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh%27s_El_Dorado_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Raleigh's El Dorado Expedition">Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Curalaba" title="Battle of Curalaba">Curalaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros_(New_Granada)" title="Revolt of the Comuneros (New Granada)">Comuneros (New Granada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Trinidad_(1797)" title="Invasion of Trinidad (1797)">Trinidad (1797)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chacabuco" title="Battle of Chacabuco">Chacabuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boyac%C3%A1" title="Battle of Boyacá">Boyacá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carabobo" title="Battle of Carabobo">Carabobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pichincha" title="Battle of Pichincha">Pichincha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ayacucho" title="Battle of Ayacucho">Ayacucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Guam" title="Capture of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Battle of Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Campaign#Battle_of_Asomante" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Campaign">Asomante</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Spanish_conquests" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Spanish conquests</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Conquest of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">The Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Maya" title="Spanish conquest of the Maya">Maya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Chiapas" title="Spanish conquest of Chiapas">Chiapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Spanish conquest of Yucatán">Yucatán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Pet%C3%A9n" title="Spanish conquest of Petén">Petén</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_El_Salvador" title="Spanish conquest of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Honduras" title="Spanish conquest of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Nicaragua" title="Spanish conquest of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Chibchan_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish conquest of the Chibchan Nations">Chibchan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Chile" title="Conquest of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Inca_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1521%E2%80%931898)#Spanish_expeditions_and_colonization" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1521–1898)">Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Other_civil_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other civil topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Americas" title="Spanish missions in the Americas">Spanish missions in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Codices" title="Mesoamerican Codices">Mesoamerican Codices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cusco_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cusco School">Cusco painting tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indochristian_art" title="Indochristian art">Indochristian painting in New Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Quito School">Quito painting tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapada_lime%C3%B1a" title="Tapada limeña">Tapada limeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Ant%C3%A1rtica" title="Academia Antártica">Academia Antártica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_universities_in_Hispanic_America" title="List of colonial universities in Hispanic America">Colonial universities in Hispanic America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_schools_in_the_Philippines" title="List of the oldest schools in the Philippines">Colonial universities in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Archive_of_the_Indies" title="General Archive of the Indies">General Archive of the Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Spanish_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Spanish Horse">Colonial Spanish Horse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustang" title="Mustang">Mustang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casta" title="Casta">Castas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people#Spanish_colonial_caste_system" title="Criollo people">Criollos in the colonial society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Old inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Spanish_New_World_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the Spanish New World colonies">Slavery in Spanish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiento" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiento">Asiento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans#Colonial_era" title="African Americans">Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Potos%C3%AD_Mint_Fraud_of_1649" title="Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649">Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16635#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16635#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16635#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/138321683">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1202671/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpPx4XkcXrxffMDcXQDv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4094188-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50000810">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628452">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Guam"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge841393&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX455849">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554838405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/43dd540a-78cd-319f-bab9-214b5430f3f2">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/a3da8fcc-47a5-498a-9338-75951c8924da">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/68EaO9Jq">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027337901">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044448">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Guam&params=13_30_N_144_48_E_region:GU_type:isle_scale:250000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">144°48′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.500°N 144.800°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">13.500; 144.800</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guam&oldid=1260704966#Religion">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guam&oldid=1260704966#Religion</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Guam" title="Category:Guam">Guam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1898_establishments_in_Oceania" title="Category:1898 establishments in Oceania">1898 establishments in Oceania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dependent_territories_in_Micronesia" title="Category:Dependent territories in Micronesia">Dependent territories in Micronesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dependent_territories_in_Oceania" title="Category:Dependent territories in Oceania">Dependent territories in Oceania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-speaking_countries_and_territories" title="Category:English-speaking countries and territories">English-speaking countries and territories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_Spanish_colonies" title="Category:Former Spanish colonies">Former Spanish colonies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Insular_areas_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Insular areas of the United States">Insular areas of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Island_countries" title="Category:Island countries">Island countries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Oceania" title="Category:Islands of Oceania">Islands of Oceania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Unrepresented_Nations_and_Peoples_Organization" title="Category:Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization">Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pacific_islands_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Pacific islands of the United States">Pacific islands of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Small_Island_Developing_States" title="Category:Small Island Developing States">Small Island Developing States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1898" title="Category:States and territories established in 1898">States and territories established in 1898</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_sites" title="Category:World War II sites">World War II sites</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2010" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2010">Articles with dead external links from September 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:Articles with German-language sources (de)">Articles with German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2022" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from January 2022">Articles with dead external links from January 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2024">Use mdy dates from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chamorro-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chamorro-language text">Articles containing Chamorro-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_explicitly_cited_English-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text">Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Chamorro_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Chamorro IPA">Pages with Chamorro IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_May_2023" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from May 2023">Articles to be expanded from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text">Articles containing Japanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2019" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_January_2019" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2019">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2008" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_August_2023" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from August 2023">Vague or ambiguous time from August 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 December 2024, at 04:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guam&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile#Religion" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5945864d7d-z92l9","wgBackendResponseTime":159,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.755","walltime":"3.202","ppvisitednodes":{"value":22882,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":714643,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":136387,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":58,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":498139,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2662.136 1 -total"," 28.38% 755.441 2 Template:Reflist"," 17.33% 461.273 1 Template:Infobox_dependency"," 16.58% 441.487 2 Template:Infobox"," 13.93% 370.925 67 Template:Cite_web"," 6.45% 171.679 22 Template:Rp"," 6.05% 161.126 22 Template:R/superscript"," 4.78% 127.185 3 Template:Native_name"," 4.46% 118.623 5 Template:Sfn"," 4.18% 111.278 1 Template:Navboxes"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.521","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23096152,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBlair2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlust2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoquet2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalabrese,_MichaelDaniel_CalarcoColin_Richardson2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaranoSanchez1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConrad2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCunninghamBeaty2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCurry2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDriverBrunal-Perry1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFIFA.com\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFichtl2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreymann2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrabowski1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraceTeresita_Salos1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHiguchi2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolmes_III2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoppe2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHungCarsonBellwoodCampos2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._N._Deak1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJordanSullivan1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLloyd2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMack2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaga1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarshTaitano2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcAvoy2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcMahon2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontón-SubíasHernando_Gonzalo2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Park_Service\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNatividad2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPackbier,_Paul_E.R.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaymundo2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobert_Balajadia2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobert_F._Rogers1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogers1995\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFSablan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaco1859\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSafford1912\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpear2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTamondong2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomas2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTourism2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWuerchBallendorf1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZotomayor2013\"] = 1,\n [\"Religion\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 4,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 3,\n [\"As written\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 2,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite act\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 67,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 21,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Countries and territories of Oceania\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 2,\n [\"Div col\"] = 2,\n [\"Div end\"] = 2,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Expand section\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 6,\n [\"Guam\"] = 1,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Hs\"] = 2,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"In lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox dependency\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 3,\n [\"Langx\"] = 3,\n [\"Main\"] = 9,\n [\"Native name\"] = 3,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 3,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 22,\n [\"See also\"] = 6,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 5,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Spanish Empire\"] = 1,\n [\"Territories of the United States\"] = 1,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 26,\n [\"US Census population\"] = 1,\n [\"USCensus Geography\"] = 1,\n [\"United States political divisions\"] = 1,\n [\"Update section\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 14,\n [\"When\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiatlas\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","260","15.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","14.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","140","8.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","140","8.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","80","4.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","80","4.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","60","3.6"],["\u003Cmw.title.lua:50\u003E","60","3.6"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","40","2.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::ucfirst","40","2.4"],["[others]","520","31.3"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-48mvj","timestamp":"20241203065107","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Guam","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guam#Religion","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16635","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16635","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-03-30T17:18:08Z","dateModified":"2024-12-02T04:32:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/07\/Flag_of_Guam.svg","headline":"unincorporated territory of the United States of America"}</script> </body> </html>