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oxidase</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: monoamine oxidase"> <meta name="keywords" content="monoamine oxidase"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="monoamine oxidase"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 127</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: monoamine oxidase</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> Investigation of the Effects of Monoamine Oxidase Levels on the 20S Proteasome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhavini%20Patel">Bhavini Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aslihan%20Ugun-Klusek"> Aslihan Ugun-Klusek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ellen%20Billet"> Ellen Billet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The two main contributing factors to familial and idiopathic form of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are oxidative stress and altered proteolysis. Monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) plays a significant role in redox homeostasis by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) via deamination of for example, dopamine. The ROS generated induces chemical modification of proteins resulting in altered biological function. The ubiquitin-proteasome system, which consists of three different types or proteolytic activity, namely “chymotrypsin-like” activity (CLA), “trypsin-like” activity (TLA) and “post acidic-like” activity (PLA), is responsible for the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Defects in UPS are known to be strongly correlated to PD. Herein, the effect of ROS generated by MAO-A on proteasome activity and the effects of proteasome inhibition on MAO-A protein levels in WT, mock and MAO-A overexpressed (MAO-A+) SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines were investigated. The data in this study report increased proteolytic activity when MAO-A protein levels are significantly increased, in particular CLA and PLA. Additionally, 20S proteasome inhibition induced a decrease in MAO-A levels in WT and mock cells in comparison to MAO-A+ cells in which 20S proteasome inhibition induced increased MAO-A levels to be further increased at 48 hours of inhibition. This study supports the fact that MAO-A could be a potential pharmaceutical target for neuronal protection as data suggests that endogenous MAO-A levels may be essential for modulating cell death and survival. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monoamine%20oxidase" title="monoamine oxidase">monoamine oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurodegeneration" title=" neurodegeneration"> neurodegeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parkinson%27s%20disease" title=" Parkinson's disease"> Parkinson's disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteasome" title=" proteasome"> proteasome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122381/investigation-of-the-effects-of-monoamine-oxidase-levels-on-the-20s-proteasome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Role of Fish Hepatic Aldehyde Oxidase in Oxidative In Vitro Metabolism of Phenanthridine Heterocyclic Aromatic Compound</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20S.%20Al%20Salhen">Khaled S. Al Salhen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aldehyde oxidase is molybdo-flavoenzyme involved in the oxidation of hundreds of endogenous and exogenous and N-heterocyclic compounds and environmental pollutants. Uncharged N-heterocyclic aromatic compounds such phenanthridine are commonly distributed pollutants in soil, air, sediments, surface water and groundwater, and in animal and plant tissues. Phenanthridine as uncharged N-heterocyclic aromatic compound was incubated with partially purified aldehyde oxidase from rainbow trout fish liver. Reversed-phase HLPC method was used to separate the oxidation products from phenanthridine and the metabolite was identified. The 6(5H)-phenanthridinone was identified the major metabolite by partially purified aldehyde oxidase from fish liver. Kinetic constant for the oxidation reactions were determined spectrophotometrically and showed that this substrate has a good affinity (Km = 78 ± 7.6 µM) for hepatic aldehyde oxidase, coupled with a relatively high oxidation rate (0.77± 0.03 nmol/min/mg protein). In addition, the kinetic parameters of hepatic fish aldehyde oxidase towards the phenanthridine substrate indicate that in vitro biotransformation by hepatic fish aldehyde oxidase will be a significant pathway. This study confirms that partially purified aldehyde oxidase from fish liver is indeed the enzyme responsible for the in vitro production 6(5H)-phenanthridinone metabolite as it is a major metabolite by mammalian aldehyde oxidase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aldehyde%20oxidase" title="aldehyde oxidase">aldehyde oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish" title=" fish"> fish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenanthridine" title=" phenanthridine"> phenanthridine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specificity" title=" specificity"> specificity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3951/role-of-fish-hepatic-aldehyde-oxidase-in-oxidative-in-vitro-metabolism-of-phenanthridine-heterocyclic-aromatic-compound" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Effect of Vinclozolin on Some Biochemical Parameters of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahile%20Ozturk">Rahile Ozturk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esra%20Maltas"> Esra Maltas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to determine the effect of vinclozolin on some biochemical characteristics of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) which is an economically harmful species damaging the honeycomb in beekeeping. For experimental groups, the eggs obtained from stock were dropped into the mixed feed of vinclozolin at different doses (20, 40 and 60 ppm) and had the larvae fed with this feed. As result of the addition of vinclozolin at concentrations of 20, 40 and 60 ppm, glycogen contents of G. mellonella were determined and a significant reduction in the amount of glycogen was observed with increasing concentration of vinclozolin. In this study, activity of catalase enzyme, particularly effective in defense mechanism, activity of xanthine oxidase involved in nucleotide metabolism and activity of glucose oxidase in the metabolism of carbohydrates were measured. When compared with the results from control groups, the enzyme activities of the larvaes fed with the feed including 20, 40 and 60 ppm of vinclozolin were observed to vary or remain constant. Accordingly, glucose oxidase and catalase activities increased with the increase in amount of vinclozolin in the feed and the activity of xanthine oxidase remained stable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catalase" title="Catalase">Catalase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galleria%20mellonella" title=" Galleria mellonella"> Galleria mellonella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose%20oxidase" title=" glucose oxidase"> glucose oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vinclozolin" title=" vinclozolin"> vinclozolin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xanthine%20oxidase." title=" xanthine oxidase."> xanthine oxidase.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43860/effect-of-vinclozolin-on-some-biochemical-parameters-of-galleria-mellonella-lepidoptera-pyralidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> The Improved Biofuel Cell for Electrical Power Generation from Wastewaters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Kilic">M. S. Kilic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Korkut"> S. Korkut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Hazer"> B. Hazer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Newly synthesized Polypropylene-g-Polyethylene glycol polymer was first time used for a compartment-less enzymatic fuel cell. Working electrodes based on Polypropylene-g-Polyethylene glycol were operated as unmediated and mediated system (with ferrocene and gold/cobalt oxide nanoparticles). Glucose oxidase and bilirubin oxidase was selected as anodic and cathodic enzyme, respectively. Glucose was used as fuel in a single-compartment and membrane-less cell. Maximum power density was obtained as 0.65 nW cm-2, 65 nW cm-2, and 23500 nW cm-2 from the unmediated, ferrocene and gold/cobalt oxide modified polymeric film, respectively. Power density was calculated to be ~16000 nW cm-2 for undiluted wastewater sample with gold/cobalt oxide nanoparticles including system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilirubin%20oxidase" title="bilirubin oxidase">bilirubin oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymatic%20fuel%20cell" title=" enzymatic fuel cell"> enzymatic fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose%20oxidase" title=" glucose oxidase"> glucose oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16725/the-improved-biofuel-cell-for-electrical-power-generation-from-wastewaters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> The Role of MAOA Gene in the Etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Males</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Kiskov%C3%A1">Jana Kisková</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dana%20Gabrikov%C3%A1"> Dana Gabriková</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) is suggested to be a candidate gene implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This meta-analytic review evaluates the relationship between ASD and MAOA markers such as 30 bp variable number tandem repeats in the promoter region (uVNTR) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by using findings from recently published studies. It seems that in Caucasian males, the risk of developing ASD increase with the presence of 4-repeat allele in the promoter region of MAOA gene whereas no differences were found between autistic patients and controls in Egyptian, West Bengal and Korean population. Some studies point to the importance specific haplotype groups of SNPs and interaction of MAOA with others genes (e.g. FOXP2 or SRY). The results of existing studies are insufficient and further research is needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20spectrum%20disorder" title="autism spectrum disorder">autism spectrum disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MAOA" title=" MAOA"> MAOA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uVNTR" title=" uVNTR"> uVNTR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20nucleotide%20polymorphism" title=" single nucleotide polymorphism"> single nucleotide polymorphism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14965/the-role-of-maoa-gene-in-the-etiology-of-autism-spectrum-disorder-in-males" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> Naltrexone and Borderline Personality Disorder: A Brief Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azadeh%20Moghaddas">Azadeh Moghaddas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrnoush%20Dianatkhah"> Mehrnoush Dianatkhah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Padideh%20Ghaeli"> Padideh Ghaeli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main characteristics of borderline personality disorder (BPD) are instable regulation of affect and self-image, impulsive behavior, and lack of interpersonal relationships. Clinically, emotional dysregulation, impulsive aggression, repeated self-injury, and suicidal thought are noted with this disorder. Proper management of patients with BPD is a difficult challenge due to the complex features of this disorder. Pharmacotherapy of BPD in order to control impulsive behavior and to stabilize affect in patients with BPD has been receiving a lot of attention. Anticonvulsant agents such as topiramate, valproate, or lamotrigine, atypical antipsychotics such as aripiprazole and olanzapine and antidepressants such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors like fluvoxamine have been implicated in the treatment of BPD. Unfortunately, none of these medications can be used alone or even in combination as sole treatment of BPD. Medications may be used mostly to resolve or reduce impulsivity and aggression in these patients. Naltrexone (NTX), a nonspecific competitive opiate antagonist has been suggested, in the literature, to control self-injurious behavior (SIB) and dissociative symptoms in patients with BPD. This brief review has been intended to look at all documented evidence on the use of NTX in the management of BPD and to reach a comprehensive conclusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borderline%20personality%20disorder" title="borderline personality disorder">borderline personality disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naltrexone" title=" naltrexone"> naltrexone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-injurious%20behavior" title=" self-injurious behavior"> self-injurious behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissociative%20symptoms" title=" dissociative symptoms"> dissociative symptoms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45438/naltrexone-and-borderline-personality-disorder-a-brief-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Effect of Acetic Acid Fermentation on Bioactive Components and Anti-Xanthine Oxidase Activities in Vinegar Brewed from Monascus-Fermented Soybeans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Soon%20Choi">Kyung-Soon Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji-Young%20Hwang"> Ji-Young Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Hee%20Pyo"> Young-Hee Pyo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vinegars have been used as an alternative remedy for treating gout, but the scientific basis remains to be elucidated. In this study, acetic acid fermentation was applied for the first time to Monascus-fermented soybeans to examine its effect on the bioactive components together with the xanthine oxidase inhibitory (XOI) activity of the soy vinegar. The content of total phenols (0.47~0.97 mg gallic acid equivalents/mL) and flavonoids (0.18~0.39 mg quercetin equivallents/mL) were spectrophotometrically determined, and the content of organic acid (10.22~59.76 mg/mL) and isoflavones (6.79~7.46 mg/mL) were determined using HPLC-UV. The analytical method for ubiquinones (0.079~0.276 μg/mL) employed saponification before solvent extraction and quantification using LC-MS. Soy vinegar also showed significant XOI (95.3%) after 20 days of acetic acid fermentation at 30 °C. The results suggest that soy vinegar has potential as a novel medicinal food. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetic%20acid%20fermentation" title="acetic acid fermentation">acetic acid fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactive%20component" title=" bioactive component"> bioactive component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soy%20vinegar" title=" soy vinegar"> soy vinegar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xanthine%20oxidase%20inhibitory%20activity" title=" xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity"> xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66060/effect-of-acetic-acid-fermentation-on-bioactive-components-and-anti-xanthine-oxidase-activities-in-vinegar-brewed-from-monascus-fermented-soybeans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Contribution of mTOR to Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress via NADPH Oxidase System Activation in Zymosan-Induced Systemic Inflammation in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyhan%20Sahan-Firat">Seyhan Sahan-Firat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meryem%20Temiz-Resitoglu"> Meryem Temiz-Resitoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Demet%20Sinem%20Guden"> Demet Sinem Guden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sefika%20Pinar%20Kucukkavruk"> Sefika Pinar Kucukkavruk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahar%20Tunctan"> Bahar Tunctan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayse%20Nihal%20Sari"> Ayse Nihal Sari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zumrut%20Kocak"> Zumrut Kocak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We hypothesized that mTOR inhibition may prevent the multiple organ failures following severe multiple tissue injury associated with increased NADPH oxidase system activity occur in zymosan-induced systemic inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the role of mTOR in oxidative/nitrosative stress associated with increase in NADPH oxidase activity in zymosan-induced systemic inflammation model in rats. Male Wistar rats received saline (4 ml/kg, i.p.) and zymosan (500 mg/kg, i.p.) at time 0. Saline, or zymosan-treated rats were given rapamycin (1 mg/kg, i.p.) 1 h after saline or zymosan injections. Rats were sacrified 4 h after zymosan challenge and kidney, heart, thoracic aorta, and superior mesenteric artery were collected. NADPH oxidase activity, p22phox, gp91phox, and p47phox protein expression and nitrotyrosine levels were measured in tissue samples. Zymosan administration caused an increase in NADPH oxidase activity, p22phox, gp91phox, and p47phox protein expression and nitrotyrosine levels in kidney, heart, thoracic aorta, and superior mesenteric artery. These changes caused by zymosan reversed by rapamycin, a selective mTOR inhibitor. Rapamycin alone had no effect on the parameters measured. Our results demonstrated that zymosan-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress presumably due to enhanced activity of NADPH oxidase, expression of p22phox, gp91phox, and p47phox and production of peroxynitrite were mediated by mTOR. [This work was financially supported by Research Foundation of Mersin University (2016-2-AP3-1900)]. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20stress" title="oxidative stress">oxidative stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mTOR" title=" mTOR"> mTOR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrosative%20stress" title=" nitrosative stress"> nitrosative stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zymosan" title=" zymosan"> zymosan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71048/contribution-of-mtor-to-oxidativenitrosative-stress-via-nadph-oxidase-system-activation-in-zymosan-induced-systemic-inflammation-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Inhibition of α-Glucosidase and Xanthine Oxidase by Curcumin and Its Analogs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Feng%20Hsieh">Jung-Feng Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chu%20Ze%20Chen"> Chu Ze Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Curcumin is the main active compound of turmeric that can inhibit the activities of α-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase (XO). α-Glucosidase and XO inhibitors are widely used to treat patients with diabetes mellitus and gout, respectively; therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the inhibitory activities of curcumin and its analogs against α-glucosidase and XO. Our results demonstrated that CM-F had the strongest antioxidant activity with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 9.39 ± 0.16 μM, which was superior to vitamin E (EC50=17.03 ± 0.09 μM). CM-F also exhibited potent inhibitory activity against XO with an IC50 value of 6.14 ± 0.38 μM and enzyme kinetic results revealed competitive inhibition of XO. We also found that CM-1 and CM-2 inhibited α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 21.06 ± 0.92 μM and 5.95 ± 0.09 μM, respectively, and kinetic studies indicated that both CM-1 and CM-2 are mixed competitive inhibitors of α-glucosidase. Furthermore, docking simulation identified five hydrogen bonds between XO and CM-F; however, only one and two hydrogen bonds are involved in CM-1 and CM-2 binding to α-glucosidase, respectively. Accordingly, curcumin and its analogs have the potential to be used in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and gout. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curcumin" title="curcumin">curcumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-glucosidase" title=" α-glucosidase"> α-glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitor" title=" inhibitor"> inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xanthine%20oxidase" title=" xanthine oxidase"> xanthine oxidase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80143/inhibition-of-a-glucosidase-and-xanthine-oxidase-by-curcumin-and-its-analogs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> The Genetic Basis of the Lack of Impulse Control: What is Provided for the Criminal Law?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Bastani">Amir Bastani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The result of the research in the field of human behavioural genetics demonstrates a genetic contribution of behavioural differences in aggression, violence, drug and substance abuse, antisocial personality disorder and other related traits. As the field of human behavioural genetics progresses and achieves credibility, the criminal accused continue to use its types of evidence into the criminal law. One of the most important genetic factors which controls certain neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin is the Monoamine Oxidase Acid A (MAOA) gene, known as the 'warrior gene'. The high-profile study by Caspi and colleagues in 2002 showed that the combination between one type of variation of the MAOA gene and childhood maltreatment noticeably predisposes a person to antisocial behaviour. Moreover, further scientific research shows that individuals with the MAOA gene have to some degree difficulties in controlling their impulses. Based on the evidence of MAOA, some criminal accused claimed difficulties in self-control. In the first case – the famous case of Mobley – the court rejected the MAOA evidence on the ground of the lack of scientific support. In contrast, in other cases after the Mobley trial, courts accepted the evidence of MAOA. In this paper, the issue of lack of impulse control produced by the MAOA gene and cases which relied on the MAOA evidence and successfully being accepted will be reviewed in detail. Finally, the anticipation of the paper for the future use of the MAOA evidence in criminal cases will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20defence" title="genetic defence">genetic defence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminal%20responsibility" title=" criminal responsibility"> criminal responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MAOA" title=" MAOA"> MAOA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-control" title=" self-control"> self-control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20503/the-genetic-basis-of-the-lack-of-impulse-control-what-is-provided-for-the-criminal-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Optimization of Radiation Therapy with a Nanotechnology Based Enzymatic Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20D.%20Esposito">R. D. Esposito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20M.%20Barber%C3%A1"> V. M. Barberá</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Garc%C3%ADa%20Morales"> P. García Morales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Dorado%20Rodr%C3%ADguez"> P. Dorado Rodríguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Sanz"> J. Sanz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fuentes"> M. Fuentes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Planes%20Meseguer"> D. Planes Meseguer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Saceda"> M. Saceda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Fern%C3%A1ndez%20Fornos"> L. Fernández Fornos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20P.%20Ventero"> M. P. Ventero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Results obtained by our group on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) primary cultures , show a dramatic potentiation of radiation effects when 2 units/ml of D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) enzyme are added, free or immobilized in magnetic nanoparticles, to irradiated samples just after the irradiation. Cell cultures were exposed to radiation doses of 7Gy and 15Gy of 6 MV photons from a clinical linear accelerator. At both doses, we observed a clear enhancing effect of radiation-induced damages due to the addition of DAO. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D-amino%20Acid%20Oxidase%20%28DAO%29%20enzyme" title="D-amino Acid Oxidase (DAO) enzyme">D-amino Acid Oxidase (DAO) enzyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20particles" title=" magnetic particles"> magnetic particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnology" title=" nanotechnology"> nanotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20therapy%20enhancement" title=" radiation therapy enhancement"> radiation therapy enhancement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29814/optimization-of-radiation-therapy-with-a-nanotechnology-based-enzymatic-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29814.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Administration of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 Improves Animal Behavior and Monoamine Neurotransmission in Germ-Free Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Wei-Hsien">Liu Wei-Hsien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuang%20Hsiao-Li"> Chuang Hsiao-Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huang%20Yen-Te"> Huang Yen-Te</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Chien-Chen"> Wu Chien-Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chou%20Geng-Ting"> Chou Geng-Ting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsai%20Ying-Chieh"> Tsai Ying-Chieh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intestinal microflora play an important role in communication along the gut-brain axis. Probiotics, defined as live bacteria or bacterial products, confer a significant health benefit to the host. Here we administered Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) to the germ-free (GF) mouse to investigate the impact of the gut-brain axis on emotional behavior. Administration of live PS128 significantly increased the total distance traveled in the open field test; it decreased the time spent in the closed arm and increased the time spent and total entries into the open arm in the elevated plus maze. In contrast, heat-killed PS128 caused no significant changes in the GF mice. Treatment with live PS128 significantly increased levels of both serotonin and dopamine in the striatum, but not in the prefrontal cortex or hippocampus. However, live PS128 did not alter pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine production by mitogen-stimulated splenocytes. The above data indicate that the normalization of emotional behavior correlated with monoamine neurotransmission, but not with immune activity. Our findings suggest that daily intake of the probiotic PS128 could ameliorate neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety and excessive psychological stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title="dopamine">dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal%20axis" title=" hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis"> hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intestinal%20microflora" title=" intestinal microflora"> intestinal microflora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serotonin" title=" serotonin"> serotonin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29118/administration-of-lactobacillus-plantarum-ps128-improves-animal-behavior-and-monoamine-neurotransmission-in-germ-free-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29118.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Efficient L-Xylulose Production Using Whole-Cell Biocatalyst With NAD+ Regeneration System Through Co-Expression of Xylitol Dehydrogenase and NADH Oxidase in Escherichia Coli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesfin%20Angaw%20Tesfay">Mesfin Angaw Tesfay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> L-Xylulose is a potentially valuable rare sugar used as starting material for antiviral and anticancer drug development in pharmaceutical industries. L-Xylulose exist in a very low concentration in nature and have to be synthesized from cheap starting materials such as xylitol through biotechnological approaches. In this study, cofactor engineering and deep eutectic solvent were applied to improve the efficiency of L-xylulose production from xylitol. A water-forming NAD+ regeneration enzyme (NADH oxidase) from Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 was introduced into E. coli with xylitol-4-dehydrogenase (XDH) of Pantoea ananatis resulting in recombinant cells harboring the vector pETDuet-xdh-SmNox. Further, three deep eutectic solvents (DES) including, Choline chloride/glycerol (ChCl/G), Choline chloride/urea (ChCl/U), and Choline chloride/ethylene glycol (ChCl/EG) have been employed to facilitate the conversion efficiency of L-xylulose from xylitol. The co-expression system exhibited optimal activity at a temperature of 37 ℃ and pH 8.5, and the addition of Mg2+ enhanced the catalytic activity by 1.19-fold. Co-expression of NADH oxidase with XDH enzyme resulted in increased L-xylulose concentration and productivity from xylitol as well as the intracellular NAD+ concentration. Two of the DES used (ChCl/U and ChCl/EG) show positive effects on product yield and the ChCl/G has inhibiting effects. The optimum concentration of ChCl/U was 2.5%, which increased the L-xylulose yields compared to the control without DES. In a 1 L fermenter the final concentration and productivity of L-xylulose from 50 g/L of xylitol reached 48.45 g/L, and 2.42 g/L.h respectively, which was the highest report. Overall, this study is a suitable approach for large-scale production of L-xylulose from xylitol using the engineered E. coli cell. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xylitol-4-dehydrogenase" title="Xylitol-4-dehydrogenase">Xylitol-4-dehydrogenase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NADH%20oxidase" title=" NADH oxidase"> NADH oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L-xylulose" title=" L-xylulose"> L-xylulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xylitol" title=" Xylitol"> Xylitol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coexpression" title=" Coexpression"> Coexpression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DESs" title=" DESs"> DESs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192242/efficient-l-xylulose-production-using-whole-cell-biocatalyst-with-nad-regeneration-system-through-co-expression-of-xylitol-dehydrogenase-and-nadh-oxidase-in-escherichia-coli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Development of Sulfite Biosensor Based on Sulfite Oxidase Immobilized on 3-Aminoproplytriethoxysilane Modified Indium Tin Oxide Electrode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawasuth%20Saengdee">Pawasuth Saengdee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chamras%20Promptmas"> Chamras Promptmas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ting%20Zeng"> Ting Zeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silke%20Leimk%C3%BChler"> Silke Leimkühler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulla%20Wollenberger"> Ulla Wollenberger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sulfite has been used as a versatile preservative to limit the microbial growth and to control the taste in some food and beverage. However, it has been reported to cause a wide spectrum of severe adverse reactions. Therefore, it is important to determine the amount of sulfite in food and beverage to ensure consumer safety. An efficient electrocatalytic biosensor for sulfite detection was developed by immobilizing of human sulfite oxidase (hSO) on 3-aminoproplytriethoxysilane (APTES) modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to investigate the electrochemical characteristics of the hSO modified ITO electrode for various pretreatment and binding conditions. Amperometry was also utilized to demonstrate the current responses of the sulfite sensor toward sodium sulfite in an aqueous solution at a potential of 0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl 1 M KCl). The proposed sulfite sensor has a linear range between 0.5 to 2 mM with a correlation coefficient 0.972. Then, the additional polymer layer of PVA was introduced to extend the linear range of sulfite sensor and protect the enzyme. The linear range of sulfite sensor with 5% coverage increases from 2.8 to 20 mM at a correlation coefficient of 0.983. In addition, the stability of sulfite sensor with 5% PVA coverage increases until 14 days when kept in 0.5 mM Tris-buffer, pH 7.0 at 4 8C. Therefore, this sensor could be applied for the detection of sulfite in the real sample, especially in food and beverage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfite%20oxidase" title="sulfite oxidase">sulfite oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioelectrocatalytsis" title=" bioelectrocatalytsis"> bioelectrocatalytsis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indium%20tin%20oxide" title=" indium tin oxide"> indium tin oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20electrochemistry" title=" direct electrochemistry"> direct electrochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfite%20sensor" title=" sulfite sensor"> sulfite sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67534/development-of-sulfite-biosensor-based-on-sulfite-oxidase-immobilized-on-3-aminoproplytriethoxysilane-modified-indium-tin-oxide-electrode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Kinetics of Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase by Lycium Arabicum and Its Protective Effect against Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemia and Renal Dysfunction in Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naouel%20Boussoualim">Naouel Boussoualim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayat%20Trabsa"> Hayat Trabsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imane%20Krache"> Imane Krache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seddik%20Khennouf"> Seddik Khennouf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Charef"> Noureddine Charef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lekhmici%20Arrar"> Lekhmici Arrar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmane%20Baghiani"> Abderrahmane Baghiani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: To evaluate the in-vitro inhibition of xanthine oxidase (purified from bovine milk) by extracts of Lycium arabicum, as well as it is in vivo hypouricemic and renal protective effects. Methods: Four extracts of Lycium arabicum, methanol (CrE), chloroform (ChE), ethyl acetate (EaE) and aqueous (AqE) extracts, were screened for their total phenolics and potential inhibitory effects on purified bovine milk xanthine oxidase (XO) activity by measuring the formation of uric acid or superoxide radical. The mode of inhibition was investigated and compared with the standard drugs, allopurinol, quercitin, and catechin. To evaluate their hypouricemic effect, the extracts were administered to potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. Results: The results showed that EaE had the highest content of phenolic compounds and was the most potent inhibitor of uric acid formation (IC50 = 0.017 ± 0.001 mg/mL) and formation of superoxide (IC50 = 0.035 ± 0.001 mg/ml). Lineweaver-Burk analysis showed that CrE and EaE inhibited XO competitively, whereas the inhibitory activities exerted by ChE and AqE were of a mixed type. Intraperetoneal injection of L. arabicum extracts (50 mg/kg) elicited hypouricemic actions in hyperuricemic mice. Hyperuricemic mice presented a serum uric acid concentration of 4.71 ± 0.29 mg/L but this was reduced to 1.78 ± 0.11 mg/L by EaE, which was the most potent hyporuricemic extract. Conclusion: L. arabicum fractions have a strong inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase and and also have a significantly lowering effect on serum and liver creatinine and urea levels in hyperuricemic mice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lycium%20arabicum" title="lycium arabicum">lycium arabicum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uric%20acid" title=" uric acid"> uric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creatinine" title=" creatinine"> creatinine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superoxide" title=" superoxide"> superoxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20compounds" title=" phenolic compounds"> phenolic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoids" title=" flavonoids"> flavonoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperuricemia" title=" hyperuricemia"> hyperuricemia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41766/kinetics-of-inhibition-of-xanthine-oxidase-by-lycium-arabicum-and-its-protective-effect-against-oxonate-induced-hyperuricemia-and-renal-dysfunction-in-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Synthesis and Theoretical Calculations of Carbazole Substituted Pyridopyrimidine Urea/Thioure Derivatives and Studies Their PPO Enzyme Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arleta%20Rifati%20Nixha">Arleta Rifati Nixha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Arslan"> Mustafa Arslan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adem%20Erg%C3%BCn"> Adem Ergün</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahit%20Gencer"> Nahit Gencer </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), sometimes referred to as phenol oxidase, catecholase, phenolase, catechol oxidase, or even tyrosinase, is considered to be an o-dipenol. PPO (EC 1.14.18.1), a multifunctional copper containing enzyme, is widely distributed in nature. It catalyzes two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis: a hydroxylation of monophenols to o-diphenols (monophenolase activity) and an oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones (diphenolase activity), both using molecular oxygen. Additionaly, investigation demonstrated that various dermatological disorders, such as age spots and freckle, were caused by the accumulation of an excessive level of epidermal pigmentation. Tyrosinase has also been linked to Parkinson’s and other neurodegenerative diseases. Nitrogen heterocycles have received a great deal of attention in the literature because of biological properties. Especially, among these heterocyclic systems, pyridine containing compounds have been the subject of expanding research efforts in heteroaromatic and biological chemistry. The pyrido [2,3-d] pyrimidine heterocycles, which are those annelated to a pyrimidine ring, are important because of their wide range of biological and pharmaceutical applications (i.e., bronchodilators, vasodilators) and their anti-allergic, cardiotonic, antihypertensive, and hepatoprotective activities. In this study series of 12 new carbazole substituted pyridopyrimidine urea(thiourea) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated effect on PPO. Additionally, we presented structure-activity relationship analyses and theoretical calculations of the compounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbazole" title="carbazole">carbazole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyridopyrimidine" title=" pyridopyrimidine"> pyridopyrimidine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urea" title=" urea"> urea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thiourea" title=" thiourea"> thiourea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tyrosinase%20inhibitors" title=" tyrosinase inhibitors"> tyrosinase inhibitors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17058/synthesis-and-theoretical-calculations-of-carbazole-substituted-pyridopyrimidine-ureathioure-derivatives-and-studies-their-ppo-enzyme-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Appraisal of Oxidative Stress in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Non Descript Goat from Arid Tracts in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudha%20Summarwar">Sudha Summarwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudesh%20Agarwal"> Sudesh Agarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepali%20%20Lall"> Deepali Lall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nalini%20Kataria"> Nalini Kataria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyotsana%20%20Pandey"> Jyotsana Pandey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Assessment of antioxidant status is an effective tool to appraise the presence of oxidative stress. A combination of assays can be used to evaluate the antioxidant status like serum catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and monoamine oxidase (MAO). In human medicine pregnancy is known to be associated with oxidative stress. Oxidative stress produces harmful effects to the developing foetus. Several metabolic changes occur in the maternal body to meet the demand of energy of developing foetus. Due to these changes susceptibility of maternal body increases to oxidative stress. There is paucity of research work on this aspect in nondescript goats. Therefore, the present study was intended to appraise the oxidative stress in pregnant and non-pregnant non-descript goat. Blood samples were collected for serum separation in otherwise healthy pregnant and non-pregnant nondescript goats. Mean values of serum CAT, SOD and MAO were found on a higher side (p≤0.05) with serum SOD values showing a rise of 2.5 times higher than the control healthy value. Correlations among all the three parameters were found to be highly significant (p≤0.01) especially greatest in youngest group of pregnant animals. Illustration of result enlightened the veracity of bumped up production of free radicals in pregnant animals. Technical savoir-faire of oxidative stress supervision is essential for upholding of health status of foetus. The upshot of present study undoubtedly implied the development of oxidative stress in pregnant goats on the basis of altered antioxidant status. These findings conclude that initially the oxidative stress due to pregnancy is critically combated by the intricate defensive mechanism of natural antioxidant system of the body. It appears that this imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant must be checked in time to prevent cellular damage by regularly appraising the antioxidant status through laboratory methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title="antioxidant">antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20stress" title=" oxidative stress"> oxidative stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy" title=" pregnancy"> pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serum%20catalase" title=" serum catalase"> serum catalase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51343/appraisal-of-oxidative-stress-in-pregnant-and-non-pregnant-non-descript-goat-from-arid-tracts-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Investigations of Metals and Metal-Antibrowning Agent Effects on Polyphenol Oxidase Activity from Red Poppy Leaf </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulnur%20Arabaci">Gulnur Arabaci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals are one of the major groups of contaminants in the environment and many of them are toxic even at very low concentration in plants and animals. However, some metals play important roles in the biological function of many enzymes in living organisms. Metals such as zinc, iron, and cooper are important for survival and activity of enzymes in plants, however heavy metals can inhibit enzyme which is responsible for defense system of plants. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is a copper-containing metalloenzyme which is responsible for enzymatic browning reaction of plants. Enzymatic browning is a major problem for the handling of vegetables and fruits in food industry. It can be increased and effected with many different futures such as metals in the nature and ground. In the present work, PPO was isolated and characterized from green leaves of red poppy plant (Papaver rhoeas). Then, the effect of some known antibrowning agents which can form complexes with metals and metals were investigated on the red poppy PPO activity. The results showed that glutathione was the most potent inhibitory effect on PPO activity. Cu(II) and Fe(II) metals increased the enzyme activities however, Sn(II) had the maximum inhibitory effect and Zn(II) and Pb(II) had no significant effect on the enzyme activity. In order to reduce the effect of heavy metals, the effects of metal-antibrowning agent complexes on the PPO activity were determined. EDTA and metal complexes had no significant effect on the enzyme. L-ascorbic acid and metal complexes decreased but L-ascorbic acid-Cu(II)-complex had no effect. Glutathione–metal complexes had the best inhibitory effect on Red poppy leaf PPO activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition" title="inhibition">inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal" title=" metal"> metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20poppy" title=" red poppy"> red poppy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%20phenol%20oxidase%20%28PPO%29" title=" poly phenol oxidase (PPO)"> poly phenol oxidase (PPO)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16692/investigations-of-metals-and-metal-antibrowning-agent-effects-on-polyphenol-oxidase-activity-from-red-poppy-leaf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Improved Reuse and Storage Performances at Room Temperature of a New Environmental-Friendly Lactate Oxidase Biosensor Made by Ambient Electrospray Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonella%20Cartoni">Antonella Cartoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mattea%20Carmen%20Castrovilli"> Mattea Carmen Castrovilli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A biosensor for lactate detection has been developed using an environmentally friendly approach. The biosensor is based on lactate oxidase (LOX) and has remarkable capabilities for reuse and storage at room temperature. The manufacturing technique employed is ambient electrospray deposition (ESD), which enables efficient and sustainable immobilization of the LOX enzyme on a cost-effective com-mercial screen-printed Prussian blue/carbon electrode (PB/C-SPE). The study demonstrates that the ESD technology allows the biosensor to be stored at ambient pressure and temperature for extended periods without affecting the enzymatic activity. The biosensor can be stored for up to 90 days without requiring specific storage conditions, and it can be reused for up to 24 measurements on both freshly prepared electrodes and electrodes that are three months old. The LOX-based biosensor exhibits a lin-ear range of lactate detection between 0.1 and 1 mM, with a limit of detection of 0.07±0.02 mM. Ad-ditionally, it does not exhibit any memory effects. The immobilization process does not involve the use of entrapment matrices or hazardous chemicals, making it environmentally sustainable and non-toxic compared to current methods. Furthermore, the application of a electrospray deposition cycle on previously used biosensors rejuvenates their performance, making them comparable to freshly made biosensors. This highlights the excellent recycling potential of the technique, eliminating the waste as-sociated with disposable devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20friendly" title="green friendly">green friendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reuse" title=" reuse"> reuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage%20performance" title=" storage performance"> storage performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix-free" title=" matrix-free"> matrix-free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospray%20deposition" title=" electrospray deposition"> electrospray deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensor" title=" biosensor"> biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactate%20oxidase" title=" lactate oxidase"> lactate oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme" title=" enzyme"> enzyme</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175645/improved-reuse-and-storage-performances-at-room-temperature-of-a-new-environmental-friendly-lactate-oxidase-biosensor-made-by-ambient-electrospray-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> The Efficiency of Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 Gene (cox1) in Reconstruction of Phylogenetic Relations among Some Crustacean Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20M.%20Saad">Yasser M. Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20El-Sebaie%20Abd%20El-Sadek"> Heba El-Sebaie Abd El-Sadek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Some <em>Metapenaeus monoceros</em><em> cox1</em> gene fragments were isolated, purified, sequenced, and comparatively analyzed with some other Crustacean <em>Cox1</em> gene sequences (obtained from National Center for Biotechnology Information). This work was designed for testing the efficiency of this system in reconstruction of phylogenetic relations among some Crustacean species belonging to four genera (Metapenaeus, Artemia, Daphnia and Calanus)<em>.</em> The single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype diversity were calculated for all estimated mt-DNA fragments. The genetic distance values were 0.292, 0.015, 0.151, and 0.09 within <em>Metapenaeus </em>species<em>, Calanus</em> species<em>, Artemia</em> species, and<em> Daphnia</em> species, respectively<em>. </em>The reconstructed phylogenetic tree is clustered into some unique clades. Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene (<em>cox1</em>) was a powerful system in reconstruction of phylogenetic relations among evaluated crustacean species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crustaceans" title="crustaceans">crustaceans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetics" title=" genetics"> genetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cox1" title=" Cox1"> Cox1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogeny" title=" phylogeny"> phylogeny</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73884/the-efficiency-of-cytochrome-oxidase-subunit-1-gene-cox1-in-reconstruction-of-phylogenetic-relations-among-some-crustacean-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Eco-Friendly Control of Bacterial Speck on Solanum lycopersicum by Azadirachta indica Extract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navodit%20Goel">Navodit Goel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabir%20K.%20Paul"> Prabir K. Paul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is attacked by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato causing speck lesions on the leaves leading to severe economic casualty. In the present study, aqueous fruit extracts of Azadirachta indica (neem) were sprayed on a single node of tomato plants grown under controlled contamination-free conditions. The treatment of plants was performed with neem fruit extract either alone or along with the pathogen. The parameters of observation were activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and lysozyme, and isoform analysis of PPO; both at the treated leaves as well as untreated leaves away from the site of extract application. Polyphenol oxidase initiates phenylpropanoid pathway resulting in the synthesis of quinines from cytoplasmic phenols and production of reactive oxygen species toxic to broad spectrum microbes. Lysozyme is responsible for the breakdown of bacterial cell wall. The results indicate the upregulation of PPO and lysozyme activities in both the treated and untreated leaves along with de novo expression of newer PPO isoenzymes (which were absent in control samples). The appearance of additional PPO isoenzymes in bioelicitor-treated plants indicates that either the isoenzymes were expressed after bioelicitor application or the already expressed but inactive isoenzymes were activated by it. Lysozyme activity was significantly increased in the plants when treated with the bioelicitor or the pathogen alone. However, no new isoenzymes of lysozyme were expressed upon application of the extract. Induction of resistance by neem fruit extract could be a potent weapon in eco-friendly plant protection strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azadirachta%20indica" title="Azadirachta indica">Azadirachta indica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lysozyme" title=" lysozyme"> lysozyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenol%20oxidase" title=" polyphenol oxidase"> polyphenol oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solanum%20lycopersicum" title=" Solanum lycopersicum"> Solanum lycopersicum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58191/eco-friendly-control-of-bacterial-speck-on-solanum-lycopersicum-by-azadirachta-indica-extract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Bienzymatic Nanocomposites Biosensors Complexed with Gold Nanoparticles, Polyaniline, Recombinant MN Peroxidase from Corn, and Glucose Oxidase to Measure Glucose</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anahita%20Izadyar">Anahita Izadyar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using a recombinant enzyme derived from corn and a simple modification, we are fabricating a facile, fast, and cost-beneficial novel biosensor to measure glucose. We are applying Plant Produced Mn Peroxidase (PPMP), glucose oxidase (GOx), polyaniline (PANI) as conductive polymer and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on Au electrode using electrochemical response to detect glucose. We applied the entrapment method of enzyme composition, which is generally used to immobilize conductive polymer and facilitate electron transfer from the enzyme oxidation-reduction center to the sample solution. In this work, the oxidation of glucose on the modified gold electrode was quantified with Linear Sweep Voltammetry(LSV). We expect that the modified biosensor has the potential for monitoring various biofluids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant-produced%20manganese%20peroxidase" title="plant-produced manganese peroxidase">plant-produced manganese peroxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme-based%20biosensors" title=" enzyme-based biosensors"> enzyme-based biosensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose" title=" glucose"> glucose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20gold%20nanoparticles%20electrode" title=" modified gold nanoparticles electrode"> modified gold nanoparticles electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyaniline" title=" polyaniline"> polyaniline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141685/bienzymatic-nanocomposites-biosensors-complexed-with-gold-nanoparticles-polyaniline-recombinant-mn-peroxidase-from-corn-and-glucose-oxidase-to-measure-glucose" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Systematic Taxonomy and Phylogenetic of Commercial Fish Species of Family Nemipetridae from Malaysian Waters and Neighboring Seas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Imtiaz">Ayesha Imtiaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darlina%20Md.%20Naim"> Darlina Md. Naim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Family Nemipteridae is among the most abundantly distributed family in Malaysian fish markets due to its high contribution to landing sites of Malaysia. Using an advanced molecular approach that used two mitochondrial (Cytochrome oxidase c I and Cytochrome oxidase b) and one nuclear gene (Recombination activating gene, RAGI) to expose cryptic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among commercially important species of family Nemipteridae. Our research covered all genera (including 31 species out total 45 species) of family Nemipteridae, distributed in Malaysia. We also found certain type of geographical barriers in the South China sea that reduces dispersal and stops a few species to intermix. Northside of the South China Sea (near Vietnam) does not allow genetic diversity to mix with the Southern side of the South China sea (Sarawak) and reduces dispersal. Straits of Malacca reduce the intermixing genetic diversity of South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nemipteridae" title="Nemipteridae">Nemipteridae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RAG%20I" title=" RAG I"> RAG I</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=south%20east%20Asia" title=" south east Asia"> south east Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116434/systematic-taxonomy-and-phylogenetic-of-commercial-fish-species-of-family-nemipetridae-from-malaysian-waters-and-neighboring-seas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus through Amplification of 12S rRNA Gene and Cox1 Gene Fragments from Cattle in Chittagong, Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Omer%20Faruk">M. Omer Faruk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20A.%20M.%20Zonaed%20Siddiki"> A. M. A. M. Zonaed Siddiki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fazal%20Karim"> M. Fazal Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Masuduzzaman"> Md. Masuduzzaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chowdhury"> S. Chowdhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Shafiqul%20Islam"> Md. Shafiqul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Alamgir%20Hossain"> M. Alamgir Hossain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dog tapeworms <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> develop hydatid cysts in various organs in human and domestic animals worldwide including Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the genotype of <em>E. granulosus</em> isolated from cattle using 12S rRNA and Cytochrome oxidase 1 (COX 1) genes. A total of 43 hydatid cyst samples were collected from 390 examined cattle samples derived from slaughterhouses. Among them, three cysts were fertile. Genomic DNA was extracted from germinal membrane and/or protoscoleces followed by PCR amplification of mitochondrial 12S rRNA and Cytochrome oxidase 1 gene fragments. The sequence data revealed existence of G1 (64.28%) and possible G3 (21.43%) genotypes for the first time in Bangladesh. The study indicates that common sheep strain G1 is the dominant subtype of <em>E. granulosus</em> in Chittagong region of Bangladesh. This will increase our understanding of the epidemiology of hydatidosis in the southern part of the country and will be useful to plan suitable control measures in the long run. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Echinococcus%20granulosus" title="Echinococcus granulosus">Echinococcus granulosus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cox1" title=" Cox1"> Cox1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=12S%20rRNA" title=" 12S rRNA"> 12S rRNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20characterization" title=" molecular characterization"> molecular characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangladesh" title=" Bangladesh"> Bangladesh</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59060/molecular-characterization-of-echinococcus-granulosus-through-amplification-of-12s-rrna-gene-and-cox1-gene-fragments-from-cattle-in-chittagong-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> The Role of Cholesterol Oxidase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Down-Regulation of TLR2-Signaling Pathway in Human Macrophages during Infection Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Kielbik">Michal Kielbik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izabela%20Szulc-Kielbik"> Izabela Szulc-Kielbik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Brzostek"> Anna Brzostek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslaw%20Dziadek"> Jaroslaw Dziadek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdalena%20Klink"> Magdalena Klink</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of many research groups in the world is to find new components that are important for survival of mycobacteria in the host cells. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) possesses a number of enzymes degrading cholesterol that are considered to be an important factor for its survival and persistence in host macrophages. One of them - cholesterol oxidase (ChoD), although not being essential for cholesterol degradation, is discussed as a virulence compound, however its involvement in macrophages’ response to Mtb is still not sufficiently determined. The recognition of tubercle bacilli antigens by pathogen recognition receptors is crucial for the initiation of the host innate immune response. An important receptor that has been implicated in the recognition and/or uptake of Mtb is Toll-like receptor type 2 (TLR2). Engagement of TLR2 results in the activation and phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins including IRAK-1 and -4, TRAF-6, which in turn leads to the activation of target kinases and transcription factors responsible for bactericidal and pro-inflammatory response of macrophages. The aim of these studies was a detailed clarification of the role of Mtb cholesterol oxidase as a virulence factor affecting the TLR2 signaling pathway in human macrophages. As human macrophages the THP-1 differentiated cells were applied. The virulent wild-type Mtb strain (H37Rv), its mutant lacking a functional copy of gene encoding cholesterol oxidase (∆choD), as well as complimented strain (∆choD–choD) were used. We tested the impact of Mtb strains on the expression of TLR2-depended signaling proteins (mRNA level, cytosolic level and phosphorylation status). The cytokine and bactericidal response of THP-1 derived macrophages infected with Mtb strains in relation to TLR2 signaling pathway dependence was also determined. We found that during the 24-hours of infection process the wild-type and complemented Mtb significantly reduced the cytosolic level and phosphorylation status of IRAK-4 and TRAF-6 proteins in macrophages, that was not observed in the case of ΔchoD mutant. Decreasement of TLR2-dependent signaling proteins, induced by wild-type Mtb, was not dependent on the activity of proteasome. Blocking of TLR2 expression, before infection, effectively prevented the induced by wild-type strain reduction of cytosolic level and phosphorylation of IRAK-4. None of the strains affected the surface expression of TLR2. The mRNA level of IRAK-4 and TRAF-6 genes were significantly increased in macrophages 24 hours post-infection with either of tested strains. However, the impact of wild-type Mtb strain on both examined genes was significantly stronger than its ΔchoD mutant. We also found that wild-type strain stimulated macrophages to release high amount of immunosuppressive IL-10, accompanied by low amount of pro-inflammatory IL-8 and bactericidal nitric oxide in comparison to mutant lacking cholesterol oxidase. The influence of wild-type Mtb on this type of macrophages' response strongly dependent on fully active IRAK-1 and IRAK-4 signaling proteins. In conclusion, Mtb using cholesterol oxidase causes the over-activation of TLR2 signaling proteins leading to the reduction of their cytosolic level and activity resulting in the modulation of macrophages response to allow its intracellular survival. Supported by grant: 2014/15/B/NZ6/01565, National Science Center, Poland <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mycobacterium%20tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholesterol%20oxidase" title=" cholesterol oxidase"> cholesterol oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macrophages" title=" macrophages"> macrophages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TLR2-dependent%20signaling%20pathway" title=" TLR2-dependent signaling pathway"> TLR2-dependent signaling pathway</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80872/the-role-of-cholesterol-oxidase-of-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-in-the-down-regulation-of-tlr2-signaling-pathway-in-human-macrophages-during-infection-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> High Pressure Processing of Jackfruit Bulbs: Effect on Color, Nutrient Profile and Enzyme Inactivation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Kumari">Jyoti Kumari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavuluri%20Srinivasa%20Rao"> Pavuluri Srinivasa Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Jackfruit (ArtocarpusheterophyllusL.) is an underutilized yet highly nutritious fruit with unique flavour, known for its therapeutic and culinary properties. Fresh jackfruit bulb has a very short shelf life due to high moisture and sugar content leading to microbial and enzymatic browning, hindering its consumer acceptability and marketability. An attempt has been made for the preservation of the ripe jackfruit bulbs, by the application of high pressure (HP) over a range of 200-500 MPa at ambient temperature for dwell times ranging from 5 to 20 min. The physicochemical properties of jackfruit bulbs such as the pH, TSS, and titrable acidity were not affected by the pressurization process. The ripening index of the fruit bulb also decreased following HP treatment. While the ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity of jackfruit bulb were well retained by high pressure processing (HPP), the total phenols and carotenoids showed a slight increase. The HPP significantly affected the colour and textural properties of jackfruit bulb. High pressure processing was highly effective in reducing the browning index of jackfruit bulbs in comparison to untreated bulbs. The firmness of the bulbs improved upon the pressure treatment with longer dwelling time. The polyphenol oxidase has been identified as the most prominent oxidative enzyme in the jackfruit bulb. The enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were significantly reduced by up to 40% following treatment at 400 MPa/15 min. HPP of jackfruit bulbs at ambient temperatures is shown to be highly beneficial in improving the shelf stability, retaining its nutrient profile, color, and appearance while ensuring the maximum inactivation of the spoilage enzymes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20capacity" title="antioxidant capacity">antioxidant capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ascorbic%20acid" title=" ascorbic acid"> ascorbic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carotenoids" title=" carotenoids"> carotenoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color" title=" color"> color</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPP-high%20pressure%20processing" title=" HPP-high pressure processing"> HPP-high pressure processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jackfruit%20bulbs" title=" jackfruit bulbs"> jackfruit bulbs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenol%20oxidase" title=" polyphenol oxidase"> polyphenol oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peroxidase" title=" peroxidase"> peroxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20phenolic%20content" title=" total phenolic content"> total phenolic content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80545/high-pressure-processing-of-jackfruit-bulbs-effect-on-color-nutrient-profile-and-enzyme-inactivation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> Glucose Monitoring System Using Machine Learning Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangeeta%20Palekar">Sangeeta Palekar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neeraj%20Rangwani"> Neeraj Rangwani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akash%20Poddar"> Akash Poddar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayu%20Kalambe"> Jayu Kalambe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The bio-medical analysis is an indispensable procedure for identifying health-related diseases like diabetes. Monitoring the glucose level in our body regularly helps us identify hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, which can cause severe medical problems like nerve damage or kidney diseases. This paper presents a method for predicting the glucose concentration in blood samples using image processing and machine learning algorithms. The glucose solution is prepared by the glucose oxidase (GOD) and peroxidase (POD) method. An experimental database is generated based on the colorimetric technique. The image of the glucose solution is captured by the raspberry pi camera and analyzed using image processing by extracting the RGB, HSV, LUX color space values. Regression algorithms like multiple linear regression, decision tree, RandomForest, and XGBoost were used to predict the unknown glucose concentration. The multiple linear regression algorithm predicts the results with 97% accuracy. The image processing and machine learning-based approach reduce the hardware complexities of existing platforms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence%20glucose%20detection" title="artificial intelligence glucose detection">artificial intelligence glucose detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose%20oxidase" title=" glucose oxidase"> glucose oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peroxidase" title=" peroxidase"> peroxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141022/glucose-monitoring-system-using-machine-learning-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141022.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Kinetics and Specificity of Drosophila melanogaster Molybdo-Flavoenzymes towards Their Substrates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20S.%20Al%20Salhen">Khaled S. Al Salhen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aldehyde oxidase (AO) and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyze the oxidation of many different N-heterocyclic compounds as well as aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes to their corresponding lactam and carboxylic acids respectively. The present study examines the oxidation of dimethylamino-cinnamaldehyde (DMAC), vanillin and phenanthridine by AO and xanthine by XOR from Drosophila cytosol. Therefore, the results obtained in the present study showed the DMAC, vanillin and phenanthridine substrates used were found to be good substrates of Drosophila AO and xanthine is the preferred substrate for Drosophila XOR. Km values of AO substrates were observed with DMAC (50±5.4 µM), phenanthridine (80±9.1 µM) and vanillin (303±11.7 µM) respectively for Drosophila cytosol. The Km values for DMAC and phenanthridine were ~6 and ~4 fold lower than that for vanillin as a substrate. The Km for XOR with xanthine using NAD+ as an electron acceptor was 27±4.1 µM. Relatively low Vmax values were obtained with phenanthridine (1.78±0.38 nmol/min/mg protein) and DMAC (1.80±0.35 nmol/min/mg protein). The highest Vmax was obtained from Drosophila cytosol with vanillin (7.58±2.11 nmol/min/mg protein). It is concluded these results that AO and XOR in Drosophila were able to catalyse the biotransformation of numerous substrates of the well-characterised mammalian AO and XOR. The kinetic parameters have indicated that the activity of AO of Drosophila may be a significant factor the oxidation of aromatic aldehyde compounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aldehyde%20oxidase" title="aldehyde oxidase">aldehyde oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xanthine%20oxidoreductase" title=" xanthine oxidoreductase"> xanthine oxidoreductase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimethylamino-cinnamaldehyde" title=" dimethylamino-cinnamaldehyde"> dimethylamino-cinnamaldehyde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vanillin" title=" vanillin"> vanillin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenanthridine" title=" phenanthridine"> phenanthridine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drosophila%20melanogaster" title=" Drosophila melanogaster"> Drosophila melanogaster</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20585/kinetics-and-specificity-of-drosophila-melanogaster-molybdo-flavoenzymes-towards-their-substrates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Phylogenetic Analysis of the Thunnus Tuna Fish Using Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I Gene Sequence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yijun%20Lai">Yijun Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saber%20Khederzadeh"> Saber Khederzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingshaung%20Han"> Lingshaung Han</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Species in Thunnus are organized due to the similarity between them. The closeness between T. maccoyii, T. thynnus, T. Tonggol, T. atlanticus, T. albacares, T. obsesus, T. alalunga, and T. orientails are in different degrees. However, the genetic pattern of differentiation has not been presented based on individuals yet, to the author’s best knowledge. Hence, we aimed to analyze the difference in individuals level of tuna species to identify the factors that contribute to the maternal lineage variety using Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COXI) gene sequences. Our analyses provided evidence of sharing lineages in the Thunnus. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that these lineages are basal to the other sequences. We also showed a close connection between the T. tonggol, T. thynnus, and T. albacares populations. Also, the majority of the T. orientalis samples were clustered with the T. alalunga and, then, T. atlanticus populations. Phylogenetic trees and migration modeling revealed high proximity of T. thynnus sequences to a few T. orientalis and suggested possible gene flow with T. tonggol and T. albacares lineages, while all T. obsesus samples indicated unique clustering with each other. Our results support the presence of old maternal lineages in Thunnus, as a legacy of an ancient wave of colonization or migration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thunnus%20Tuna" title="Thunnus Tuna">Thunnus Tuna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogeny" title=" phylogeny"> phylogeny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20lineage" title=" maternal lineage"> maternal lineage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COXI%20gene" title=" COXI gene"> COXI gene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161742/phylogenetic-analysis-of-the-thunnus-tuna-fish-using-cytochrome-c-oxidase-subunit-i-gene-sequence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Effect of Phenytoin and Cyclosporine on Connective Tissue Enzymes in Gingival Fibroblasts of Adult and Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Surena">V. Surena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Nazemisalman"> B. Nazemisalman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Noghrehkar"> F. Noghrehkar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Gingival overgrowth (GO) is a common side effect involving users of antiepileptic, immunosuppressive and calcium channel blocker drugs. Cyclosporine and phenytoin are amongst the most widely used drugs associated with GO. Gingival fibroblasts seem to have a significant role in the production of certain enzymes after administration of the drugs contributing to GO. Previous studies have shown a higher prevalence of GO in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to compare normal human gingival fibroblasts with those exposed to Cyclosporine or phenytoin in measuring the production levels of certain enzymes that could have a possible role in GO. Methods: samples were obtained from the gingival biopsies of seven adult and seven children and were cultured into plates. With the growth of fibroblast cells, they were treated with or without either Cyclosporine or phenytoin. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the expressed levels of R-EGF, cathepsin B,L, Lysyl oxidase, COL1, TGF β1, MMP-1,2, and TIMP1. Results: according to RT-PCR analyses, the expressed levels of R-EGF, cathepsin B, L, Lysyl oxidase, COL1, TGF β1, MMP-1, 2 and TIMP1 were affected by Cyclosporine and phenytoin. TGF-β1, TIMP, Cathepsin B and EGF showed comparable values in the adult and pediatric groups. Conclusions: Different expressed levels of enzymes after treatment of the gingival fibroblasts of adults and pediatrics with phenytoin or Cyclosporine could be the reason for the higher severity of GO in children. More studies need to be performed on the pathogenesis of GO at different age groups. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclosporine" title="cyclosporine">cyclosporine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibroblasts" title=" fibroblasts"> fibroblasts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenytoin" title=" phenytoin"> phenytoin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gingivae" title=" gingivae"> gingivae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45097/effect-of-phenytoin-and-cyclosporine-on-connective-tissue-enzymes-in-gingival-fibroblasts-of-adult-and-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge 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