CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>LGBTQ culture in the Philippines - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a76a5b74-87d8-41dc-89c3-148f0744ce99","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines","wgTitle":"LGBTQ culture in the Philippines","wgCurRevisionId":1277029896,"wgRevisionId":1277029896,"wgArticleId":6624356,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1: unfit URL","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from May 2020","Commons category link is locally defined","LGBTQ culture in the Philippines"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines","wgRelevantArticleId":6624356,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"LGBT_culture_in_the_Philippines","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q17003371","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.19"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/PHL_orthographic.svg/1200px-PHL_orthographic.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/PHL_orthographic.svg/800px-PHL_orthographic.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/PHL_orthographic.svg/640px-PHL_orthographic.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="LGBTQ culture in the Philippines - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines rootpage-LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=LGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=LGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=LGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=LGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representation_in_indigenous_mythologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representation_in_indigenous_mythologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Representation in indigenous mythologies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Representation_in_indigenous_mythologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nomenclature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomenclature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nomenclature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomenclature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-LGBT_Rights_Bill_(SOGIE_Bill)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_Rights_Bill_(SOGIE_Bill)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>LGBT Rights Bill (SOGIE Bill)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_Rights_Bill_(SOGIE_Bill)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-More_Recent_Metro_Manila_Pride_Marches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#More_Recent_Metro_Manila_Pride_Marches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>More Recent Metro Manila Pride Marches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-More_Recent_Metro_Manila_Pride_Marches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>LGBT organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBTQ culture in the Philippines</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexualit%C3%A4t_auf_den_Philippinen" title="Homosexualität auf den Philippinen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Homosexualität auf den Philippinen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_sa_Pilipinas" title="LGBT sa Pilipinas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="LGBT sa Pilipinas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BELGBT%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="菲律宾LGBT文化 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="菲律宾LGBT文化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17003371#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&oldid=1277029896" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&id=1277029896&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17003371" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBT_culture_in_the_Philippines&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in the Philippines">LGBT culture in the Philippines</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="vcard" style="background:none; font-size:100%; padding:0.15em 0.1em; line-height:1.2em;">LGBTQ rights in the Philippines <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PHL_orthographic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/PHL_orthographic.svg/220px-PHL_orthographic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/PHL_orthographic.svg/330px-PHL_orthographic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/PHL_orthographic.svg/440px-PHL_orthographic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Criminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Criminalization of homosexuality">Legal Status</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Legal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_people_and_military_service" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT people and military service">Military</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Gays, lesbians and bisexuals allowed to serve openly since 2009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Discrimination protections</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None at the national level but many anti-discrimination ordinances exist at the local government level.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Family rights</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Template:Same-sex_unions" title="Template:Same-sex unions">Recognition of relationships</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Restrictions</th><td class="infobox-data">The <a href="/wiki/Family_Code_of_the_Philippines" title="Family Code of the Philippines">Family Code of the Philippines</a> defines marriage as "a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman". The Constitution of the Philippines does not prohibit same-sex marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-gmanetwork_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gmanetwork-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption" title="Same-sex adoption">Adoption</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Allowed for individuals but not allowed for same-sex couples.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">lesbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">queer</a> (<a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a>) people in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> are generally accepted in <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipino society</a>, and it has been ranked among the most <a href="/wiki/Gay-friendly" title="Gay-friendly">gay-friendly</a> countries in Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-inquirer_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inquirer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has the second highest social acceptance rate in the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a> next to <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, according to a <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> survey in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-inquirer_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inquirer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, some discrimination still persist and LGBT people have limited <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Philippines">LGBT-specific rights</a>, leading some activists to characterize LGBT culture in the Philippines as "tolerated, but not accepted."<sup id="cite_ref-inquirer_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inquirer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gutierrez_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gutierrez-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Homosexuals in the Philippines are known as "<i><a href="/wiki/Bakla" title="Bakla">bakla</a></i>", though there are other terms to describe them.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2002 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Survey, 11 percent of sexually active Filipinos between the ages of 15 and 24 have had sex with someone of the same sex.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Filipino poet and critic <a href="/wiki/Lilia_Quindoza_Santiago" title="Lilia Quindoza Santiago">Lilia Quindoza Santiago</a>, Filipino culture may have a more flexible concept of gender. <i>Kasarian</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> for "<a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a>") is defined in less binary terms than the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> word;<sup id="cite_ref-Garcia_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garcia-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>kasarian</i> means "kind, species, or genus".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bakla#History" title="Bakla">Bakla § History</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Filipino_shamans#Sex_and_gender" title="Filipino shamans">Filipino shamans § Sex and gender</a></div> <p>Gender-crossing practices go back to the history of pre-colonial communities in the Philippines. The <a href="/wiki/Babaylan" class="mw-redirect" title="Babaylan">babaylans</a> are typically female spiritual leaders, priests, or shamans in native communities, whose position can also be taken by males who crossed genders, and were called <i>asog</i>, among many names.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Effeminate people, together with the weak, were handled gently during pre-colonial inter-tribal <a href="/wiki/Raid_(military)" title="Raid (military)">raids</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Mangayaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangayaw">mangayaw</a></i>) on enemy settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to J. Neil C. Garcia, the feminized men were similar to women in almost all aspects, except for childbearing.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Movements to promote the acceptance of gay people in Philippine society include, but are not limited to, the establishment of the Home of the Golden Gays by <a href="/wiki/Justo_Justo" title="Justo Justo">Justo Justo</a>, the 1980 Women's Movement which focused on the lesbian struggle of Filipinas, the formation of The Lesbian Collective which was the first formal lesbian organization in the country, and the organization of the first LGBT <a href="/wiki/Pride_parade" title="Pride parade">Pride March</a> in Asia and the Pacific on 26 June 1994 by Pro-Gay Philippines and Metropolitan Community Church Manila. The 1994 Pride March was organized in connection with the 25th commemoration of the Stonewall uprising in New York in 1969. Notable organizers were Murphy Red and Rev. Fr. Richard Mickley, then an MCC clergy, and now retired. There are, however, other individuals and groups who believe that the first pride march in the Philippines was in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond this, there have been numerous efforts to spread awareness of LGBT people. The community has become generally accepted in society, and has continued to initiate efforts that aim for greater acceptance, protection, and empowerment of its members. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Representation_in_indigenous_mythologies">Representation in indigenous mythologies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Representation in indigenous mythologies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT themes in mythology">LGBT themes in mythology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babaylan" class="mw-redirect" title="Babaylan">Babaylan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deities_of_Philippine_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Deities of Philippine mythology">Deities of Philippine mythology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philippine_mythology" title="Philippine mythology">Philippine mythology</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karatung_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Karatung_01.jpg/220px-Karatung_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Karatung_01.jpg/330px-Karatung_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Karatung_01.jpg/440px-Karatung_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Gongs of the <a href="/wiki/Teduray_people" title="Teduray people">Teduray people</a>. The Teduray bases their concept of gender towards their ethnic beliefs, with a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite_woman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermaphrodite woman (page does not exist)">hermaphrodite woman</a> being called <i>mentefuwaley libun</i> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite_man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermaphrodite man (page does not exist)">hermaphrodite man</a> being called <i>mentefuwaley lagey</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to the introduction of Islam to the archipelago and the subsequent colonization by Spain and other European Christians, the region that would become the Philippines was inhabited largely by tribes and larger feudal states that practiced <a href="/wiki/Anito" title="Anito">anito</a> <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheism</a>. Those mythologies included hermaphrodite gods and goddesses like Lakapati (or Ikapati), the goddess of fertility and good harvest, who was described as an androgynous, intersex, or hermaphrodite goddess.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lakapati is a <a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">hermaphrodite</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a major fertility deity in the <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog mythology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her prowess on fertility covers not only human and divine fertility, but also the fertility of all other things such as wildlife, crops, trees, and plants. She is also the goddess of cultivated land. A prayer dedicated to Lakapati was recited by children when sowing seeds: "Lakapati, pakanin mo yaring alipin mo; huwag mong gutumin" ("Lakapati, feed this thy slave; let him not hunger").<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Waray_people" title="Waray people">Waray mythology</a>, the supreme creator deity has both <a href="/wiki/Androgyny" title="Androgyny">female and male aspects</a>. Usually spoken of in her female aspect, <a href="/wiki/Malaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaon">Malaon</a> ("the ancient one"), she was regarded as a more sympathetic deity of justice and equality. However, her male aspect, <a href="/wiki/Makapatag" class="mw-redirect" title="Makapatag">Makapatag</a> (literally "the leveler"), is regarded as a destructive deity of punishment and vengeance.<sup id="cite_ref-Yepes_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yepes-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caballes_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caballes-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mf_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mf-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-demetrio_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demetrio-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also a major deity (usually of creation, the sky, or agriculture) for most other <a href="/wiki/Visayans" title="Visayans">Visayan</a> groups, usually under the name <a href="/wiki/Laon_(deity)" title="Laon (deity)">Laon</a> or <a href="/wiki/Laonsina" class="mw-redirect" title="Laonsina">Laonsina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Caballes_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caballes-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-demetrio_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demetrio-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the scholar and linguist Jean-Paul Potet (2017), there is no information regarding the gender of Bathala in the early Spanish accounts of the Tagalog religion. The term may have been used as an <a href="/wiki/Epicene" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicene">epicene</a> one by the <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog people</a>, but the use of the Sanskrit-derived masculine term also suggests that the deity's gender might be male.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a similar vein, the Tagalog word <i>hari</i> (meaning "sovereign") is also mentioned as an <a href="/wiki/Epicene" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicene">epicene</a> or genderless term by Potet, since the term is not exclusive to male-gendered sovereigns, but also to those who are of the female gender.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Suludnon" title="Suludnon">Suludnon mythology</a>, there are accounts of female <a href="/wiki/Binukot" title="Binukot">binukots</a> (well-kept maidens) who had the power to transform into male warriors. The most famous of these are Nagmalitong Yawa and Matan-ayon. In one epic, after Buyong Humadapnon was captured by the magical binukot Sinangkating Bulawan, the also powerful female binukot, Nagmalitong Yawa, cast her magic and transformed into a male warrior named Buyong Sumasakay. He afterwards successfully rescued the warrior Buyong Humadapnon. In a similar epic, the female binukot Matan-ayon, in search of her husband Labaw Donggon, sailed the stormy seas using the golden ship Hulinday together with her less powerful brother-in-law Paubari. Once, when she was bathing after sailing a long way, Buyong Pahagunong spotted her and tried to make her his bride. The event was followed by a series of battles, where in one instance, Matan-ayon transformed into the male warrior Buyong Makalimpong. Labaw Donggon arrives and attacks Buyong Pahagunong, while Buyong Makalimpong once again transformed into Matan-ayon. Matan-ayon then has a conversation with the supreme goddess <a href="/wiki/Laonsina" class="mw-redirect" title="Laonsina">Laonsina</a> about why the men are fighting, and they agree to sit back and watch them if they truly are seeking death.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Potters_at_work._The_one_on_the_right_is_a_man_in_woman%27s_garb_(Itneg_people,_1922).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Potters_at_work._The_one_on_the_right_is_a_man_in_woman%27s_garb_%28Itneg_people%2C_1922%29.jpg/220px-Potters_at_work._The_one_on_the_right_is_a_man_in_woman%27s_garb_%28Itneg_people%2C_1922%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Potters_at_work._The_one_on_the_right_is_a_man_in_woman%27s_garb_%28Itneg_people%2C_1922%29.jpg/330px-Potters_at_work._The_one_on_the_right_is_a_man_in_woman%27s_garb_%28Itneg_people%2C_1922%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Potters_at_work._The_one_on_the_right_is_a_man_in_woman%27s_garb_%28Itneg_people%2C_1922%29.jpg/440px-Potters_at_work._The_one_on_the_right_is_a_man_in_woman%27s_garb_%28Itneg_people%2C_1922%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3540" data-file-height="1946" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Itneg_people" title="Itneg people">Itneg</a> potters, the person on the right is wearing women's clothes (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1922</span>)</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Bakla" title="Bakla">Bakla</a></i> and <i>bading</i> are Tagalog words for a man who has feminine mannerisms, or dresses or identifies as a woman. Although the terms are not the equivalent of the English "<a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-B1garc_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B1garc-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i>bakla</i> are the most culturally visible subset of gay men in the Philippines. They are often considered a <a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">third gender</a>, embodying femininity (<i>pagkababae</i>) in a male body.<sup id="cite_ref-Aggleton_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aggleton-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-J11_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J11-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although <i>bakla</i> is sometimes used in a derogatory sense, <i>bakla</i> people have largely embraced it. In addition to this, lesbians in the Filipino community are called <i>tibo</i> or <i>tibs,</i> which are likewise often used as derogatory terms. However, lesbians too have recently embraced this terms, and have used these terms jokingly to refer to each other. But despite being used to refer to lesbians, the word <i>tibo</i> or <i>tibs</i> often refer to the more masculine lesbian, otherwise known as the "butch". </p><p>In the Philippines, the word "gay" is used to refer to any LGBT person. For Filipino gays the <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> phrase <i>paglaladlad ng kapa</i> ("unfurling the cape") or, more commonly, <i>paglaladlad</i> ("unfurling" or "unveiling") refers to the <a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">coming-out</a> process. Some lesbians (<a href="/wiki/Butch_and_femme" title="Butch and femme">butch and femme</a>) use the words <i>magic</i> or <i>shunggril</i> to refer to themselves;<sup id="cite_ref-B1garc_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B1garc-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>paminta</i> describes masculine gay men. Neutral slang terms for gay men include "billy boy", <i>badette</i>, "badaf" and <i>bading</i>. Although many of these terms are considered derogatory, they are sometimes used casually or jokingly by the Filipino gay and lesbian community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rights">Rights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Philippines">LGBT rights in the Philippines</a></div> <p>Although legislation supporting same-sex marriage in the Philippines has been proposed several times in the Philippine legislature, none has been passed.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections_(Philippines)" title="Commission on Elections (Philippines)">Philippine Commission on Elections</a> (COMELEC) disqualified the Filipino LGBT political party <a href="/wiki/Ladlad" title="Ladlad">Ladlad</a> from fronting a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2007_Philippine_general_election" title="2007 Philippine general election">2007 general election</a>, concluding that the party did not have a nationwide membership.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> COMELEC again refused Ladlad's petition to contest the <a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_general_election" title="2010 Philippine general election">2010 elections</a> on the grounds of "immorality".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on 8 April 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court of the Philippines</a> overturned COMELEC's decision and allowed Ladlad to participate in the May 2010 elections.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Philippines has been ranked one of the most gay-friendly nations in the world and is the most gay-friendly in Asia. In a survey of 39 countries (only 17 of which had a majority accepting homosexuality), the Philippines were the 10th most gay-friendly.<sup id="cite_ref-inquirer_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inquirer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The survey, "The Global Divide on Homosexuality" conducted by the US-based <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, showed that 73 percent of adult Filipinos agreed that "homosexuality should be accepted by society" (up from 64 percent in 2002).<sup id="cite_ref-inquirer_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inquirer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_Rights_Bill_(SOGIE_Bill)"><span id="LGBT_Rights_Bill_.28SOGIE_Bill.29"></span>LGBT Rights Bill (SOGIE Bill)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: LGBT Rights Bill (SOGIE Bill)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/SOGIE_Equality_Bill" title="SOGIE Equality Bill">SOGIE Equality Bill</a></div> <p>The House of Representatives approved LGBT Rights on 20 September 2017. The lawmakers had voted 198–0 to approve House Bill 4982, otherwise known as the Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Expression Equality (SOGIE) Bill. Violating this law carries penalties of ₱100,000 to ₱500,000 fines, and imprisonment for one to six years. This bill prohibits and penalizes any discriminatory acts against Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, and Transgender people. </p><p>The SOGIE Bill penalizes the following acts: </p> <ul><li>Gender Profiling</li> <li>Denying or revoking a professional or other similar license or clearance, except marriage license, issued by the government</li> <li>Denying access to public service, including military service</li> <li>Refusing admission or expelling a person from any educational or training institution</li> <li>Denying a person access to public or private medical and other health services open to the general public</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language"><span class="anchor" id="Linguistics"></span>Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Swardspeak" title="Swardspeak">Swardspeak</a>, or "gay lingo", is <a href="/wiki/Cant_(language)" title="Cant (language)">cant</a> or <a href="/wiki/Argot" class="mw-redirect" title="Argot">argot</a> derived from <a href="/wiki/Taglish" title="Taglish">Taglish</a> (Tagalog-English <a href="/wiki/Pidgin" title="Pidgin">pidgin</a>) and is used by the Filipino LGBT community.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It uses elements of <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, celebrities' names and trademarked brands, giving them new meanings in different contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Words derived from <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">indigenous languages</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_language" title="Hiligaynon language">Hiligaynon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waray-Waray_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Waray-Waray language">Waray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bikol_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikol language">Bicolano</a> and others, are also used by LGBT communities. </p><p>A Swardspeak speaker could be identified as homosexual, making it easier for people in the LGBT community to recognize each other. This created a group of speakers, helping the community resist cultural assimilation and marginalization. Straight people have begun to use Swardspeak, however, particularly in gay-dominated industries such as fashion and film. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics"><span class="anchor" id="LGBT_Politics"></span>Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SOGIE_LGBT_rally_at_People_Power_Monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/SOGIE_LGBT_rally_at_People_Power_Monument.jpg/220px-SOGIE_LGBT_rally_at_People_Power_Monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/SOGIE_LGBT_rally_at_People_Power_Monument.jpg/330px-SOGIE_LGBT_rally_at_People_Power_Monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/SOGIE_LGBT_rally_at_People_Power_Monument.jpg/440px-SOGIE_LGBT_rally_at_People_Power_Monument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3471" data-file-height="1418" /></a><figcaption>March 2018 rally at the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Monument" title="People Power Monument">People Power Monument</a> by supporters of the <a href="/wiki/SOGIE_Equality_Bill" title="SOGIE Equality Bill">SOGIE Equality Bill</a>, a proposed legislation tackling LGBT rights in the country.</figcaption></figure> <p>While there are no laws pertaining to same-sex marriage or unions, Open Table MCC Church, a local church (in Mandaluyong, Philippines) of the Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches (UFMCC), cites freedom of religion in sanctioning what it calls holy unions. These ceremonies are conducted solely for the purpose of celebrating love and are not legally recognized.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the United Nations, when participating in the political dialogue, political representation is important. Because of this, the existence of LGBT political party Ang Ladlad and their representation of the LGBT community in politics is important.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Filipino Ang Ladlad party, whose founders, leaders, and core constituency belong to the LGBT community, was recognized by the government and participated in party elections in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Transnational networks such as LGBT non-government organizations allow connected brokers in the Philippines to widely adopt goals and strategies that are cross-culturally recognizable. Efforts to pass an anti-discrimination bill that prohibits using sexual orientation and gender identity as a basis for discrimination is an example. Goals and tactics used in the Philippines such as emphasis on "sexual orientation" and "gender identity" as a distinct part of the self, the idea of being "out", and pursuit of rights-based remedies are hallmarks of transnational LGBT politics.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The diffusion of LGBT subjectivities affected by the shifts in the global system allow studies exploring links between LGBT advocacy and hegemonic geopolitics to increase. An example is through the non-relational diffusion though media, technology, and shifts in democracy and neoliberalism. According to Oscar Atadero, one of the organizers of the 1994 Pride in Manila, the decline of interest in a style of mobilization that is public and militant and the failure of mass movement in the Philippines can be attributed to "the sudden appearance of the Internet at the same time gays and lesbians were forming political movements".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are, however, notable movements as well. One mobilization was Ladlad's "immoRALLY" in front of the COMELEC office in Manila, two weeks after the rejection of their petition for party-list accreditation in the 2010 elections. The protest rally was held after COMELEC rejected the petition based on moral grounds, claiming that the LGBT people are not immoral. The event brought together national organizations such as Babaylan, Task Force Pride, and the <a href="/wiki/Akbayan" title="Akbayan">Akbayan</a> party-list to protest the charge against the LGBTs.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Roman" title="Geraldine Roman">Geraldine Roman</a> is the first transgender person to be elected to the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Philippine congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She has been a staunch advocate of <a href="/wiki/SOGIE_Equality_Bill" title="SOGIE Equality Bill">an anti-discrimination bill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Perci_Cenda%C3%B1a" title="Perci Cendaña">Perci Cendaña</a> who was the first openly gay person to sit on the <a href="/wiki/UP_Diliman_University_Student_Council" title="UP Diliman University Student Council">UP Diliman University Student Council</a> was subsequently elected as member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a> after <a href="/wiki/Akbayan" title="Akbayan">Akbayan</a> was proclaimed as the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections_(Philippines)" title="Commission on Elections (Philippines)">Commission on Elections</a> proclaimed it as a winner after the Supreme Court of the Philippines upheld the COMELEC Resolution which revoked the party-list's registration of <a href="/wiki/An_Waray" title="An Waray">An Waray</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Entertainers <a href="/wiki/Ice_Seguerra" title="Ice Seguerra">Ice Seguerra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arnell_Ignacio" title="Arnell Ignacio">Arnell Ignacio</a> are the first LGBT-community members appointed as government officials; they were appointed by President <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> chair of the <a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Commission_(Philippines)" title="National Youth Commission (Philippines)">National Youth Commission</a> and vice-chair of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Amusement_and_Gaming_Corporation" title="Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation">Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation</a>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2019, Duterte appointed trans activist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dindi_Tan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dindi Tan (page does not exist)">Dindi Tan</a> as director of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agrarian_Reform" title="Department of Agrarian Reform">Department of Agrarian Reform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-blade-5dec2019_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blade-5dec2019-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Philippines" title="Communist Party of the Philippines">Communist Party of the Philippines</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Marxism-Leninism-Maoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxism-Leninism-Maoism">Marxist-Leninist-Maoist</a> political organization, has recognized same-sex relationships within its membership since 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Philippine media and show business scene—encompassing film, radio, and television—is a vital part of LGBT culture in terms of <a href="/wiki/Social_representation" title="Social representation">representation</a>. Prominent celebrities including <a href="/wiki/Vice_Ganda" title="Vice Ganda">Vice Ganda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boy_Abunda" title="Boy Abunda">Boy Abunda</a> are all featured in major programs and are often tapped to endorse major products and services. </p><p>In 2004, the Republic of the Philippines <a href="/wiki/Movie_and_Television_Review_and_Classification_Board" title="Movie and Television Review and Classification Board">Movie and Television Review and Classification Board</a> (MTRCB) disseminated a memorandum calling homosexual relationships—particularly lesbian relationships—an "abnormality of human nature",<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> discouraging producers from broadcasting any sort of portrayals that promoted these relationships. While there are still several LGBT personalities in show business, as well as LGBT characters in films and television programs in the Philippines, notices such as these have limited particular LGBT portrayals in the Philippine media.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there is an acknowledgement of LGBT people, there is also a lack of understanding, leading to stereotyped portrayals dominating the media.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the gay Filipino man, two main stereotypes have been revealed in studies to be dominantly presented in media. There is the <b>feminine gay</b> who often cross-dresses, demonstrates stereotypically feminine actions and speech, and is attracted to stereotypically masculine men. The following films have portrayals of the feminine gay: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Markova:_Comfort_Gay" title="Markova: Comfort Gay">Markova: Comfort Gay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aishite_Imasu_1941:_Mahal_Kita" title="Aishite Imasu 1941: Mahal Kita">Aishite Imasu: 1941: Mahal Kita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blossoming_of_Maximo_Oliveros" title="The Blossoming of Maximo Oliveros">Ang Pagdadalaga ni Maximo Oliveros</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Petrang_Kabayo" title="Petrang Kabayo">Petrang Kabayo</a></i></li></ul> <p>In contrast to this is the <b>masculine gay</b> portrayal, where the men still appear stereotypically masculine but are attracted to the same sex. A cited example of this is the film <i><a href="/wiki/In_My_Life_(2009_film)" title="In My Life (2009 film)">In My Life</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lesbianism in Philippine media has also been studied with two common stereotypes emerging: the <b>butch</b> and the <b>femme</b>. The two are often seen in a butch-femme dichotomy, where in a lesbian couple one assumes the traditional roles of the masculine-male and the feminine-female, respectively. Femme-to-femme relationships, when depicted, have been shown more often as abused or ridiculed couples in a more heteronormative society.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following teleseries are recent portrayals of femme-to-femme lesbian relationships in the Philippines: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rich_Man%27s_Daughter" title="The Rich Man's Daughter">The Rich Man's Daughter</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baka_Bukas" title="Baka Bukas">Baka Bukas</a></i> (2016)</li></ul> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Beautiful" title="Die Beautiful">Die Beautiful</a></i>, a 2016 comedy-drama narrating the life (and death) of a transgender beauty queen, was entered into the <a href="/wiki/2016_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2016 Metro Manila Film Festival">2016 Metro Manila Film Festival</a> and won two awards at the Tokyo International Film Festival in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>LGBT representation outside of television and films has been made through existence of gay beauty pageants such as <a href="/wiki/Miss_Gay_Philippines" title="Miss Gay Philippines">Miss Gay Philippines</a>. It is in this competition that all manner of gays, men or women, as well as transgender and bisexuals are eligible to enter, granted that they first meet the qualifications/requirements of the pageant. However, the organization of these events has been met with controversy in certain cases. For example, in 2013, at the 9th <a href="/wiki/Cinemalaya_Philippine_Independent_Film_Festival" title="Cinemalaya Philippine Independent Film Festival">Cinemalaya Philippine Independent Film Festival</a> awards, transgender woman Mimi Juareza was still considered under the "male" category as Best Actor and referred to with the pronoun "he".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2021, <a href="/wiki/Manila_Luzon" title="Manila Luzon">Manila Luzon</a> (a contestant from <i><a href="/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race" title="RuPaul's Drag Race">RuPaul's Drag Race</a></i>) announced that a Philippine drag competition series was in the works, with the casting call open. The series was later called <i><a href="/wiki/Drag_Den" title="Drag Den">Drag Den</a></i> with eight drag queens competing. Afterwards, <a href="/wiki/RuPaul" title="RuPaul">RuPaul</a> announced a casting call for a Philippine adaptation of <i>RuPaul's Drag Race</i> named <i><a href="/wiki/Drag_Race_Philippines" title="Drag Race Philippines">Drag Race Philippines</a></i>, which included twelve drag queens competing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_Metro_Manila_Pride_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2019_Metro_Manila_Pride_1.jpg/220px-2019_Metro_Manila_Pride_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2019_Metro_Manila_Pride_1.jpg/330px-2019_Metro_Manila_Pride_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2019_Metro_Manila_Pride_1.jpg/440px-2019_Metro_Manila_Pride_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption>2019 Metro Manila Pride.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippine_LGBTQ%2B_protester_during_2019_Pride_March.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Philippine_LGBTQ%2B_protester_during_2019_Pride_March.jpg/220px-Philippine_LGBTQ%2B_protester_during_2019_Pride_March.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Philippine_LGBTQ%2B_protester_during_2019_Pride_March.jpg/330px-Philippine_LGBTQ%2B_protester_during_2019_Pride_March.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Philippine_LGBTQ%2B_protester_during_2019_Pride_March.jpg/440px-Philippine_LGBTQ%2B_protester_during_2019_Pride_March.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4839" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption>2019 Metro Manila Pride.</figcaption></figure> <p>With the general tolerance of the country towards the LGBT community, its members have organized a number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_events" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT events">events</a> in the past years to empower the Filipino community in creating a safe space for the LGBT community.<sup id="cite_ref-rappler.com_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rappler.com-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the First Pride March in 1994,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the LGBT community has continued to celebrate this event in the month of June. </p><p>The more recent Pride Marches have become more visible to the public with its organizers' use of social media to promote the advocacy, and the events. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="More_Recent_Metro_Manila_Pride_Marches">More Recent Metro Manila Pride Marches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: More Recent Metro Manila Pride Marches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>2015 - Fight For Love</i> </p><p>The 21st Metro Manila Pride March in 2015, entitled Fight For Love, was held on 25 July. The turnout of the event was estimated at 2,000 participants.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>2016 - Let Love In</i> </p><p>The following Metro Manila Pride March was themed Let Love In. There was uncertainty whether or not the event would take place due to the Orlando Nightclub Shooting, but the event still took place. The march began at Luneta Park on 25 June 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>2017 - #HereTogether</i> </p><p>Pride March in 2017 was entitled #HereTogether. On 24 June that year, members and supporters of the LGBT Community gathered at Plaza de los Alcaldes, Marikina to begin the 2017 Metro Manila Pride March.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>2018 - #RiseUpTogether</i> </p><p>The 2018 Metro Manila Pride March, which took place on 30 June 2018 and began at Marikina Sports Center, was themed #RiseUpTogether.<sup id="cite_ref-rappler.com_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rappler.com-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared to the previous year with about 7,700 participants, this year's Pride March round up to 20,000 attendees. </p><p><i>2019 - #ResistTogether</i> </p><p>Held at the Marikina Sports Complex, the 2019 Pride was themed #ResistTogether, which fashioned the march as a celebration of the country's diversity and a protest against homophobia, biphobia, and transphobia. The pride also focused on the passage and support for the <a href="/wiki/SOGIE_Equality_Bill" title="SOGIE Equality Bill">SOGIE Equality Bill</a> in Congress. Attendance in the 2019 march peaked at 70,000 people, almost thrice the number from the 2018 march.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="LGBT_organizations">LGBT organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: LGBT organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpha_Nu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpha Nu (page does not exist)">Alpha Nu</a>: Begun in 2014 and considered the Philippines' first openly gay fraternity, Alpha Nu is recognized by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines-Diliman" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Philippines-Diliman">University of the Philippines-Diliman</a> and advocates non-violent initiations, gender sensitivity and psychological support. It holds annual forums on HIV awareness.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USeP_Maharlika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USeP Maharlika (page does not exist)">USeP Maharlika</a>: The first LGBT student organization at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southeastern_Philippines" title="University of Southeastern Philippines">University of Southeastern Philippines</a>, established in 2013</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PUP_Kabaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PUP Kabaro (page does not exist)">PUP Kabaro</a>: A gender-equality activist organization at the <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_the_Philippines" title="Polytechnic University of the Philippines">Polytechnic University of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UP_Babaylan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UP Babaylan (page does not exist)">UP Babaylan</a>: Established in 1992, UP Babaylan is the first LGBT student organization in the Philippines and is the only LGBT support and advocacy student group at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Diliman" title="University of the Philippines Diliman">University of the Philippines Diliman</a> in <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a>.</li> <li>Bahaghari: The national alliance of LGBTQIA+ advocates, organizations, and formations in the Philippines.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doll_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Doll House">Doll House</a>: A community group for open-minded individuals at <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo de Manila University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ProGay_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ProGay Philippines (page does not exist)">ProGay Philippines</a> (Progressive Organization of Gays in the Philippines): A gay-rights organization in Metro Manila that led the Asia and Pacific's first Pride March in the Philippines in 1994.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_Table_Metropolitan_Community_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open Table Metropolitan Community Church (page does not exist)">Open Table Metropolitan Community Church</a>: A local progressive, ecumenical and LGBT affirming church <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opentablemcc.ph">Open Table MCC</a> - the Mandaluyong church of Metropolitan Community Church</li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Can%27t_Live_in_the_Closet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Can't Live in the Closet (page does not exist)">Can't Live in the Closet</a>: Lesbian activist group in Metro Manila </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesbian_Advocates_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesbian Advocates Philippines (page does not exist)">Lesbian Advocates Philippines</a> (LeAP): Metro Manila</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunduyan_ng_Sining&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lunduyan ng Sining (page does not exist)">Lunduyan ng Sining</a> (Sanctuary of Art): Registered lesbian art studio, providing a venue for lesbian art. The studio has produced a lesbian literary and art folio, <i>What These Hands Can Do</i>, and holds monthly music, film or art performances at Mag:net Katipunan in Quezon City</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IWAG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IWAG (page does not exist)">IWAG</a>: Social and support group in <a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Samar_LGBT_Community&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Samar LGBT Community (page does not exist)">Northern Samar LGBT Community</a> (NSLGBT): Northern Samar</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GAHUM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GAHUM (page does not exist)">GAHUM</a>: A gay support and advocacy group in <a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a></li> <li>Rainbow Rights (R-Rights) Philippines (formerly the Rainbow Rights Project): Non-profit, non-partisan, non-governmental organization to create an environment which upholds human rights and equal opportunities for all, regardless of sexual orientation and gender identity or expression (SOGIE).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Society_of_Transsexual_Women_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Society of Transsexual Women of the Philippines (page does not exist)">Society of Transsexual Women of the Philippines</a> (STRAP): Metro Manila</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PinoyFTM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PinoyFTM (page does not exist)">PinoyFTM</a>: Founded in July 2011 as the first organization for transsexual and transgender men in the Philippines. Based in Metro Manila, it has members throughout the Philippines.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_St._Aelred&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order of St. Aelred (page does not exist)">Order of St. Aelred</a>: Spiritual gay center in Metro Manila</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AKOD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AKOD (page does not exist)">AKOD</a>: Gay support group at the <a href="/wiki/Davao_Oriental_State_College_of_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology">Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorgeous_and_Young&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorgeous and Young (page does not exist)">Gorgeous and Young</a> (GAY): Support group</li> <li>Philippine Financial and Inter-Industry Pride: <i>The Philippine Financial & Inter- Industry Pride</i> (PFIP) is a collaborative, voluntary, and not-for-profit community composed of dedicated representatives from LGBT+ Employee Resource Groups (ERGs) or Human Resource / Diversity teams of the financial services industry and associate partner organizations. The PFIP aims to foster working environments that are safe and inclusive for the LGBT+ community.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_Forum_on_Sports,_Culture,_Sexuality_and_Human_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippine Forum on Sports, Culture, Sexuality and Human Rights (page does not exist)">Philippine Forum on Sports, Culture, Sexuality and Human Rights</a> (Team Pilipinas): A forum promoting human rights, sexual and gender diversity and equality through sports, culture and recreation</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPLB_Babaylan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UPLB Babaylan (page does not exist)">UPLB Babaylan</a>: LGBT organization and support group at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Los_Ba%C3%B1os" title="University of the Philippines Los Baños">University of the Philippines Los Baños</a>; promotes gender equality among the student body and beyond. Sponsors Pink Flicks (a film festival focusing on gender issues), symposiums, educational discussions and gatherings with other LGBT organizations.</li> <li>Lakapati Laguna: A national democratic organization and alliance of LGBTQI organizations and individuals in Laguna.</li> <li>Southern Tagalog Pride: The premier alliance of LGBTQ and ally organizations, federations, gender desks, Pride councils, and individuals in Region IV (CALABARZON and MIMAROPA)</li> <li>Metro Manila Pride: Umbrella organization for the annual Metro Manila Pride events<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Quezon City Pride Council (QCPC): A pioneering initiative of the Quezon City government and the first of its kind in the country, it is a council to enforce LGBT rights and gender-based policies and programs. Created by Mayor Herbert Bautista with an office order, it was launched on 25 March 2013 to highlight the city government's support for the implementation and enforcement of gender-based policies, programs and activities.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equality_Philippines_(EqualityPH)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equality Philippines (EqualityPH) (page does not exist)">Equality Philippines (EqualityPH)</a>: Non-profit organization to promote and safeguard the rights of LGBT members and allies in the Philippines</li> <li>True Colors Coalition (TCC): Political LGBT organization to continue the community's struggle for equality, acceptance and freedom by organizing, educating and mobilizing the community and its allies and campaigning to end all forms of discrimination. TCC is a member of Kilusan para sa Pambansang Demokrasya (KILUSAN).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/28px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/42px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/56px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture">LGBT culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Philippines">LGBT rights in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Sexuality in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Philippines#Single" title="Demographics of the Philippines">Single mother phenomenon of Philippines</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gmanetwork-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gmanetwork_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/338966/pinoyabroad/news/cbcp-exec-us-should-respect-phl-law-regarding-same-sex-marriage">"CBCP exec: US should respect PHL law regarding same-sex marriage | Pinoy Abroad | GMA News Online"</a>. gmanetwork.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CBCP+exec%3A+US+should+respect+PHL+law+regarding+same-sex+marriage+%26%23124%3B+Pinoy+Abroad+%26%23124%3B+GMA+News+Online&rft.pub=gmanetwork.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F338966%2Fpinoyabroad%2Fnews%2Fcbcp-exec-us-should-respect-phl-law-regarding-same-sex-marriage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inquirer-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inquirer_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inquirer_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inquirer_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inquirer_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inquirer_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTubeza2013" class="citation news cs1">Tubeza, Philip C (8 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalnation.inquirer.net/76977/ph-ranks-among-most-gay-friendly-in-the-world/">"PH ranks among most gay-friendly in the world"</a>. Inquirer.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PH+ranks+among+most+gay-friendly+in+the+world&rft.date=2013-06-08&rft.aulast=Tubeza&rft.aufirst=Philip+C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalnation.inquirer.net%2F76977%2Fph-ranks-among-most-gay-friendly-in-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-prc_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2013/06/04/the-global-divide-on-homosexuality/">"The Global Divide on Homosexuality"</a>. <i>Pew Research Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=The+Global+Divide+on+Homosexuality&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fglobal%2F2013%2F06%2F04%2Fthe-global-divide-on-homosexuality%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gutierrez-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gutierrez_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGutierrez2017" class="citation news cs1">Gutierrez, Natashya (17 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/philippines/170091-lgbtq-rights-philippines-tolerated-not-accepted/">"LGBTQ activists: We are tolerated but not accepted in the Philippines"</a>. <i>Rappler</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=LGBTQ+activists%3A+We+are+tolerated+but+not+accepted+in+the+Philippines&rft.date=2017-05-17&rft.aulast=Gutierrez&rft.aufirst=Natashya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fphilippines%2F170091-lgbtq-rights-philippines-tolerated-not-accepted%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGonzalo2019" class="citation web cs1">Gonzalo, Ally (2 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/filipino-winnipegger-bakla-portraits-explore-queer-culture-1.5268560">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'There's No Shame in Being Who You Are': Photographer Explores Filipino 'bakla' Culture"</a>. <i>CBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC&rft.atitle=%27There%27s+No+Shame+in+Being+Who+You+Are%27%3A+Photographer+Explores+Filipino+%27bakla%27+Culture&rft.date=2019-10-02&rft.aulast=Gonzalo&rft.aufirst=Ally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Ffilipino-winnipegger-bakla-portraits-explore-queer-culture-1.5268560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050401135347/http://www.yafs.com/downloads/same-sex.pdf">"Survey shows young Filipinos are opening up homosexual activities"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 23 July 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yafs.com/downloads/same-sex.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 April 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Survey+shows+young+Filipinos+are+opening+up+homosexual+activities&rft.date=2003-07-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yafs.com%2Fdownloads%2Fsame-sex.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garcia-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garcia_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGarcia2000" class="citation journal cs1">Garcia, J. Nelia C. (2000). "Performativity, the bakla and the orienting gaze". <i>Inter-Asia Cultural Studies</i>. <b>1</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">265–</span>281. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14649370050141140">10.1080/14649370050141140</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145490503">145490503</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inter-Asia+Cultural+Studies&rft.atitle=Performativity%2C+the+bakla+and+the+orienting+gaze&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E265-%3C%2Fspan%3E281&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14649370050141140&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145490503%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=J.+Nelia+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagalog.com/dictionary/#kasarian">"Kasarian"</a>. <i>Tagalog-English Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tagalog-English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Kasarian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagalog.com%2Fdictionary%2F%23kasarian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGarcia" class="citation web cs1">Garcia, J. Neil C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iias.asia/sites/default/files/2020-11/IIAS_NL35_13.pdf">"Male Homosexuality in the Philippines: A Short History"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Male+Homosexuality+in+the+Philippines%3A+A+Short+History&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=J.+Neil+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iias.asia%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2020-11%2FIIAS_NL35_13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSCOTT1980" class="citation journal cs1">SCOTT, WILLIAM HENRY (1980). "Filipino Class Structure in the Sixteenth Century". <i>Philippine Studies</i>. <b>28</b> (2): 163. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-7837">0031-7837</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42632521">42632521</a>. <q>Men who surrender may not be killed, and the weak and effeminate are handled gently; a timawa who kills a captive already seized must reimburse his datu.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Studies&rft.atitle=Filipino+Class+Structure+in+the+Sixteenth+Century&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=163&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42632521%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0031-7837&rft.aulast=SCOTT&rft.aufirst=WILLIAM+HENRY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGarcia2004" class="citation magazine cs1">Garcia, J. Neil C. (November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iias.asia/sites/default/files/2020-11/IIAS_NL35_13.pdf">"Male Homosexuality in the Philippines: A Short History"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IIAS Newsletter</i>. No. 35. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:141119860">141119860</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IIAS+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Male+Homosexuality+in+the+Philippines%3A+A+Short+History&rft.issue=35&rft.date=2004-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A141119860%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=J.+Neil+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iias.asia%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2020-11%2FIIAS_NL35_13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPineda2008" class="citation journal cs1">Pineda, Roselle V. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/kasarinlan/article/viewFile/1077/1109">"Bridging Gaps, Making a Struggle: The History of Filipina Lesbian in the Philippines"</a>. <i>Kasarinlan Philippine Journal of Third World Studies</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kasarinlan+Philippine+Journal+of+Third+World+Studies&rft.atitle=Bridging+Gaps%2C+Making+a+Struggle%3A+The+History+of+Filipina+Lesbian+in+the+Philippines&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Pineda&rft.aufirst=Roselle+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.upd.edu.ph%2Findex.php%2Fkasarinlan%2Farticle%2FviewFile%2F1077%2F1109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSass_Rogando_Sasot2015" class="citation web cs1">Sass Rogando Sasot (30 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outragemag.com/learning-from-the-teduray-people-valuing-self-determination/">"Learning from the Teduray people: Aluing self-determination"</a>. <i>Outrage</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Outrage&rft.atitle=Learning+from+the+Teduray+people%3A+Aluing+self-determination&rft.date=2015-05-30&rft.au=Sass+Rogando+Sasot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foutragemag.com%2Flearning-from-the-teduray-people-valuing-self-determination%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.makingqueerhistory.com/articles/2018/12/19/queer-mythology-in-the-philippines">"Queer Mythology in the Philippines"</a>. <i>Making Queer History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Making+Queer+History&rft.atitle=Queer+Mythology+in+the+Philippines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.makingqueerhistory.com%2Farticles%2F2018%2F12%2F19%2Fqueer-mythology-in-the-philippines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPOTET2019" class="citation book cs1">POTET, Jean-Paul G. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ca5XDwAAQBAJ"><i>Ancient Beliefs and Customs of the Tagalogs</i></a>. Lulu.com. p. 387. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-244-34873-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-244-34873-1"><bdi>978-0-244-34873-1</bdi></a>. <q>LAKAPATI: LAKAPÁTÌ = the name of the Tagalog hermaphrodite deity, protector of sown fields.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Beliefs+and+Customs+of+the+Tagalogs&rft.pages=387&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-244-34873-1&rft.aulast=POTET&rft.aufirst=Jean-Paul+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCa5XDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott1994" class="citation book cs1">Scott, William Henry (1994). "Chapter 12 - Tagalog Society and Religion". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=15KZU-yMuisC"><i>Barangay: Sixteenth-century Philippine Culture and Society</i></a>. Ateneo University Press. p. 234. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-550-135-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-550-135-4"><bdi>978-971-550-135-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+12+-+Tagalog+Society+and+Religion&rft.btitle=Barangay%3A+Sixteenth-century+Philippine+Culture+and+Society&rft.pages=234&rft.pub=Ateneo+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-971-550-135-4&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=William+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D15KZU-yMuisC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott1994" class="citation book cs1">Scott, William Henry (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=15KZU-yMuisC"><i>Barangay: Sixteenth-century Philippine Culture and Society</i></a>. Ateneo University Press. p. 234. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-550-135-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-550-135-4"><bdi>978-971-550-135-4</bdi></a>. <q>During sacrifices made in a new field to Lakapati, a major fertility deity, the farmer would hold up a child and say, "Lakapati, pakanin mo yaring alipin mo; huwag mong gutumin [Lakapati, feed this thy slave; let him not hunger]" (San Buenaventura 1613, 361).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barangay%3A+Sixteenth-century+Philippine+Culture+and+Society&rft.pages=234&rft.pub=Ateneo+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-971-550-135-4&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=William+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D15KZU-yMuisC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPOTET2019" class="citation book cs1">POTET, Jean-Paul G. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ca5XDwAAQBAJ"><i>Ancient Beliefs and Customs of the Tagalogs</i></a>. Lulu.com. p. 388. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-244-34873-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-244-34873-1"><bdi>978-0-244-34873-1</bdi></a>. <q>Children were taught this prayer to Lakapati. They recited it when they sowed seeds.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Beliefs+and+Customs+of+the+Tagalogs&rft.pages=388&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-244-34873-1&rft.aulast=POTET&rft.aufirst=Jean-Paul+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCa5XDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yepes-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yepes_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYepes1996" class="citation book cs1">Yepes, Victoria (1996). <i>Etnografía de los indios Bisayas del siglo XVII</i>. Colección Biblioteca de Historia de América. Vol. 15. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. pp. <span class="nowrap">71–</span>72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788400076184" title="Special:BookSources/9788400076184"><bdi>9788400076184</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etnograf%C3%ADa+de+los+indios+Bisayas+del+siglo+XVII&rft.place=Madrid&rft.series=Colecci%C3%B3n+Biblioteca+de+Historia+de+Am%C3%A9rica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E71-%3C%2Fspan%3E72&rft.pub=Consejo+Superior+de+Investigaciones+Cient%C3%ADficas&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9788400076184&rft.aulast=Yepes&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caballes-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caballes_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caballes_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCaballes" class="citation web cs1">Caballes, Mary Joyce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thepinaywriter.com/the-boxer-codex-the-bisayan-chapter-part-2/">"The Boxer Codex: The Bisayan Chapter (Part 2)"</a>. <i>The Pinay Writer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pinay+Writer&rft.atitle=The+Boxer+Codex%3A+The+Bisayan+Chapter+%28Part+2%29&rft.aulast=Caballes&rft.aufirst=Mary+Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthepinaywriter.com%2Fthe-boxer-codex-the-bisayan-chapter-part-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mf-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mf_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClark2016" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Jordan (6 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aswangproject.com/visayan-deities-in-philippine-mythology/">"Visayan Deities in Philippine Mythology"</a>. <i>The Aswang Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Aswang+Project&rft.atitle=Visayan+Deities+in+Philippine+Mythology&rft.date=2016-02-06&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aswangproject.com%2Fvisayan-deities-in-philippine-mythology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-demetrio-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-demetrio_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demetrio_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Demetrio, F. R., & Cordero-Fernando, G. (1991). The Soul Book . Quezon City: GCF Books</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPOTET2019" class="citation book cs1">POTET, Jean-Paul G. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ca5XDwAAQBAJ"><i>Ancient Beliefs and Customs of the Tagalogs</i></a>. Lulu.com. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-244-34873-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-244-34873-1"><bdi>978-0-244-34873-1</bdi></a>. <q>Nothing is said about the gender of Bathala. The use of the masculine Sanskrit term suggests that it was a god, but it may have been used as an epicene one in Tagalog.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Beliefs+and+Customs+of+the+Tagalogs&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-244-34873-1&rft.aulast=POTET&rft.aufirst=Jean-Paul+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCa5XDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPOTET2019" class="citation book cs1">POTET, Jean-Paul G. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ca5XDwAAQBAJ"><i>Ancient Beliefs and Customs of the Tagalogs</i></a>. Lulu.com. p. 309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-244-34873-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-244-34873-1"><bdi>978-0-244-34873-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Beliefs+and+Customs+of+the+Tagalogs&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-244-34873-1&rft.aulast=POTET&rft.aufirst=Jean-Paul+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCa5XDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Change Me into A Chieftain: Resistance and Persistence in Upland Panay Island, Philippines, D. Gowey, Arizona State University</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-B1garc-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-B1garc_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B1garc_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGarcia2008" class="citation book cs1">Garcia, J. Neil C. (2008). <i>Philippine gay culture: binabae to bakla, silahis to MSM</i>. University of the Philippines Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-542-577-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-542-577-3"><bdi>978-971-542-577-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philippine+gay+culture%3A+binabae+to+bakla%2C+silahis+to+MSM&rft.pub=University+of+the+Philippines+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-971-542-577-3&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=J.+Neil+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aggleton-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aggleton_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAggleton1999" class="citation book cs1">Aggleton, Peter (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6WYZ0wNpZfIC&q=bakla&pg=RA3-PA246"><i>Men who sell sex: international perspectives on male prostitution and HIV/AIDS</i></a>. Temple University Press. p. 246. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56639-669-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56639-669-1"><bdi>978-1-56639-669-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Men+who+sell+sex%3A+international+perspectives+on+male+prostitution+and+HIV%2FAIDS&rft.pages=246&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-56639-669-1&rft.aulast=Aggleton&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6WYZ0wNpZfIC%26q%3Dbakla%26pg%3DRA3-PA246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J11-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-J11_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCasabal2008" class="citation journal cs1">Casabal, Norberto V (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327124724/http://www.philjol.info/index.php/KK/article/view/754">"Gay Language: Defying the Structural Limits of English Language in the Philippines"</a>. <i>Kritika Kultura</i> (11): <span class="nowrap">89–</span>120. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3860%2Fkk.v0i11.754">10.3860/kk.v0i11.754</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philjol.info/index.php/KK/article/view/754">the original</a> on 27 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kritika+Kultura&rft.atitle=Gay+Language%3A+Defying+the+Structural+Limits+of+English+Language+in+the+Philippines&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E120&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3860%2Fkk.v0i11.754&rft.aulast=Casabal&rft.aufirst=Norberto+V&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philjol.info%2Findex.php%2FKK%2Farticle%2Fview%2F754&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeiLani_Dowell2005" class="citation web cs1">LeiLani Dowell (17 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.workers.org/world/2005/npa_0224/">"New Peoples Army recognizes same-sex marriage"</a>. Workers World Party<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Peoples+Army+recognizes+same-sex+marriage&rft.pub=Workers+World+Party&rft.date=2005-02-17&rft.au=LeiLani+Dowell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.workers.org%2Fworld%2F2005%2Fnpa_0224%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAning2007" class="citation news cs1">Aning, Jerome (1 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120926163623/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20070301-52263/Gay_party-list_group_Ladlad_out_of_the_race">"Gay party-list group Ladlad out of the race"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20070301-52263/Gay_party-list_group_Ladlad_out_of_the_race">the original</a> on 26 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Gay+party-list+group+Ladlad+out+of+the+race&rft.date=2007-03-01&rft.aulast=Aning&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2Finquirerheadlines%2Fnation%2Fview%2F20070301-52263%2FGay_party-list_group_Ladlad_out_of_the_race&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/11/15/09/chr-backs-ang-ladlad-comelec-row">"CHR backs Ang Ladlad in Comelec row"</a>. <i>ABS-CBN News</i>. 15 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=CHR+backs+Ang+Ladlad+in+Comelec+row&rft.date=2009-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs-cbnnews.com%2Fnation%2F11%2F15%2F09%2Fchr-backs-ang-ladlad-comelec-row&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/11/15/09/chr-backs-ang-ladlad-comelec-row">"SC allows Ang Ladlad to join May poll"</a>. <i>ABS-CBN News</i>. 8 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=SC+allows+Ang+Ladlad+to+join+May+poll&rft.date=2010-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs-cbnnews.com%2Fnation%2F11%2F15%2F09%2Fchr-backs-ang-ladlad-comelec-row&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEmpress_Maruja2007" class="citation web cs1">Empress Maruja (27 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unitedsea.blogspot.com/2007/07/deciphering-filipino-gay-lingo.html">"Deciphering Filipino Gay Lingo"</a>. United SEA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deciphering+Filipino+Gay+Lingo&rft.pub=United+SEA&rft.date=2007-07-27&rft.au=Empress+Maruja&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funitedsea.blogspot.com%2F2007%2F07%2Fdeciphering-filipino-gay-lingo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJessica_Salao2010" class="citation web cs1">Jessica Salao (30 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101201034008/http://www.thepoc.net/thepoc-features/buhay-pinoy/buhay-pinoy-features/6340-gayspeak-not-gor-gays-only.html">"Gayspeak: Not for gays only"</a>. The Philippine Online Chronicles. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepoc.net/thepoc-features/buhay-pinoy/buhay-pinoy-features/6340-gayspeak-not-gor-gays-only.html">the original</a> on 1 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gayspeak%3A+Not+for+gays+only&rft.pub=The+Philippine+Online+Chronicles&rft.date=2010-04-30&rft.au=Jessica+Salao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepoc.net%2Fthepoc-features%2Fbuhay-pinoy%2Fbuhay-pinoy-features%2F6340-gayspeak-not-gor-gays-only.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://holyunion.opentablemcc.ph">"Holy Unions"</a>. <i>Holy Unions by Open Table MCC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180108124200/http://holyunion.opentablemcc.ph/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Holy+Unions+by+Open+Table+MCC&rft.atitle=Holy+Unions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fholyunion.opentablemcc.ph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFProgrammeDevelopment2014" class="citation web cs1">Programme, United Nations Development; Development, United States Agency for International (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc949211/">"Being LGBT in Asia: The Philippines Country Report"</a>. <i>UNT Digital Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNT+Digital+Library&rft.atitle=Being+LGBT+in+Asia%3A+The+Philippines+Country+Report&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Programme&rft.aufirst=United+Nations+Development&rft.au=Development%2C+United+States+Agency+for+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc949211%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMark_Gevisser2013" class="citation news cs1">Mark Gevisser (12 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/12/ang-ladlad-philippines-elections-transgender">"Ang Ladlad party brings beauty parlours and gay pageants out to vote in Philippines"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ang+Ladlad+party+brings+beauty+parlours+and+gay+pageants+out+to+vote+in+Philippines&rft.date=2013-05-12&rft.au=Mark+Gevisser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fmay%2F12%2Fang-ladlad-philippines-elections-transgender&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThoreson2012" class="citation journal cs1">Thoreson, Ryan Richard (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/485846">"Realizing Rights in Manila: Brokers and the Mediation of Sexual Politics in the Philippines"</a>. <i>GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies</i>. <b>18</b> (4): 533. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F10642684-1600725">10.1215/10642684-1600725</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144195695">144195695</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GLQ%3A+A+Journal+of+Lesbian+and+Gay+Studies&rft.atitle=Realizing+Rights+in+Manila%3A+Brokers+and+the+Mediation+of+Sexual+Politics+in+the+Philippines&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=533&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F10642684-1600725&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144195695%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Thoreson&rft.aufirst=Ryan+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F485846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThoreson2012" class="citation journal cs1">Thoreson, Ryan Richard (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/485846">"Realizing Rights in Manila: Brokers and the Mediation of Sexual Politics in the Philippines"</a>. <i>GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies</i>. <b>18</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">529–</span>563. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F10642684-1600725">10.1215/10642684-1600725</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144195695">144195695</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GLQ%3A+A+Journal+of+Lesbian+and+Gay+Studies&rft.atitle=Realizing+Rights+in+Manila%3A+Brokers+and+the+Mediation+of+Sexual+Politics+in+the+Philippines&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E529-%3C%2Fspan%3E563&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F10642684-1600725&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144195695%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Thoreson&rft.aufirst=Ryan+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F485846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFColoma2013" class="citation journal cs1">Coloma, Roland (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180713075136/http://library.pcw.gov.ph/sites/default/files/ladlad%20and%20parrhesiastic%20pedagogy_0.pdf">"Ladlad and Parrhesiastic Pedagogy: Unfurling LGBT Politics and Education in the Global South"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto Curriculum Inquiry</i>. <b>43</b> (4): 501. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.pcw.gov.ph/sites/default/files/ladlad%20and%20parrhesiastic%20pedagogy_0.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Ontario+Institute+for+Studies+in+Education+of+the+University+of+Toronto+Curriculum+Inquiry&rft.atitle=Ladlad+and+Parrhesiastic+Pedagogy%3A+Unfurling+LGBT+Politics+and+Education+in+the+Global+South&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=501&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Coloma&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.pcw.gov.ph%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fladlad%2520and%2520parrhesiastic%2520pedagogy_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeather_Chen2016" class="citation web cs1">Heather Chen (10 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-36253666">"Geraldine Roman: First transgender politician elected in the Philippines"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Geraldine+Roman%3A+First+transgender+politician+elected+in+the+Philippines&rft.date=2016-05-10&rft.au=Heather+Chen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-36253666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnna_Bueno2016" class="citation web cs1">Anna Bueno (17 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170404182304/http://cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/politics/2016/10/17/adbprimer.html">"5 things you should know about the Anti-Discrimination Bill"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/politics/2016/10/17/adbprimer.html">the original</a> on 4 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=5+things+you+should+know+about+the+Anti-Discrimination+Bill&rft.date=2016-10-17&rft.au=Anna+Bueno&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcnnphilippines.com%2Flife%2Fculture%2Fpolitics%2F2016%2F10%2F17%2Fadbprimer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChi2024" class="citation news cs1">Chi, Cristina (18 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/09/18/2386170/akbayan-seeks-house-seatthat-waray-vacated">"Akbayan seeks House seat that An Waray vacated"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Akbayan+seeks+House+seat+that+An+Waray+vacated&rft.date=2024-09-18&rft.aulast=Chi&rft.aufirst=Cristina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2024%2F09%2F18%2F2386170%2Fakbayan-seeks-house-seatthat-waray-vacated&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDe_Leon2024" class="citation news cs1">De Leon, Dwight (25 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/philippines/comelec-proclaims-akbayan-party-list-winner-2022-elections-returns-house-representatives/">"Akbayan back in the House after Comelec formalizes 2022 election win"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Akbayan+back+in+the+House+after+Comelec+formalizes+2022+election+win&rft.date=2024-09-25&rft.aulast=De+Leon&rft.aufirst=Dwight&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fphilippines%2Fcomelec-proclaims-akbayan-party-list-winner-2022-elections-returns-house-representatives%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/08/12/16/aiza-seguerra-liza-dino-get-govt-positions">"Aiza Seguerra, Liza Dino Get Gov't Positions"</a>. <i>ABC-CBN</i>. 12 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC-CBN&rft.atitle=Aiza+Seguerra%2C+Liza+Dino+Get+Gov%27t+Positions&rft.date=2016-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fentertainment%2F08%2F12%2F16%2Faiza-seguerra-liza-dino-get-govt-positions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPlacido2018" class="citation web cs1">Placido, Dharel (25 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/overseas/01/25/18/duterte-appoints-arnell-ignacio-to-owwa">"Duterte Appoints Arnell Ignacio to OWWA"</a>. <i>ABCC-CBN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABCC-CBN&rft.atitle=Duterte+Appoints+Arnell+Ignacio+to+OWWA&rft.date=2018-01-25&rft.aulast=Placido&rft.aufirst=Dharel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Foverseas%2F01%2F25%2F18%2Fduterte-appoints-arnell-ignacio-to-owwa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blade-5dec2019-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-blade-5dec2019_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLavers2019" class="citation news cs1">Lavers, Michael K. (5 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonblade.com/2019/12/05/philippines-president-appoints-transgender-woman-to-government/">"Philippines president appoints transgender woman to government"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Blade" title="Washington Blade">Washington Blade</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Blade&rft.atitle=Philippines+president+appoints+transgender+woman+to+government&rft.date=2019-12-05&rft.aulast=Lavers&rft.aufirst=Michael+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonblade.com%2F2019%2F12%2F05%2Fphilippines-president-appoints-transgender-woman-to-government%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStaff" class="citation news cs1">Staff, OutrageMag com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outragemag.com/communist-party-philippines-recognizes-lgbt-rights-welfare/">"Communist Party of the Philippines recognizes LGBT rights, welfare"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Communist+Party+of+the+Philippines+recognizes+LGBT+rights%2C+welfare&rft.aulast=Staff&rft.aufirst=OutrageMag+com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foutragemag.com%2Fcommunist-party-philippines-recognizes-lgbt-rights-welfare%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QDYNbh16u25Lua0tUKTIm0iG9YDG0sOP/view">"2014 UNDP-USAID Philippines LGBT Country Report - FINAL.pdf"</a>. <i>Google Docs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Google+Docs&rft.atitle=2014+UNDP-USAID+Philippines+LGBT+Country+Report+-+FINAL.pdf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F1QDYNbh16u25Lua0tUKTIm0iG9YDG0sOP%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLinsangan_Cantor2012" class="citation journal cs1">Linsangan Cantor, Libay (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13185%2Fkk2012.01905">"To Conform or Not to Conform, That is the Genderqueer Question: Re-examining the Lesbian Identity in Bernal's "Manila by Night"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Kritika Kultura</i> (19). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13185%2Fkk2012.01905">10.13185/kk2012.01905</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2094-6937">2094-6937</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kritika+Kultura&rft.atitle=To+Conform+or+Not+to+Conform%2C+That+is+the+Genderqueer+Question%3A+Re-examining+the+Lesbian+Identity+in+Bernal%27s+%22Manila+by+Night%22&rft.issue=19&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13185%2Fkk2012.01905&rft.issn=2094-6937&rft.aulast=Linsangan+Cantor&rft.aufirst=Libay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.13185%252Fkk2012.01905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPAYUYO2012" class="citation journal cs1">PAYUYO, LOUISE ABIGAIL (2012). "The Portrayal of Gays in Popular Filipino Films, 2000 to 2010". <i>Philippine Sociological Review</i>. <b>60</b>: <span class="nowrap">291–</span>322. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43486348">43486348</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Sociological+Review&rft.atitle=The+Portrayal+of+Gays+in+Popular+Filipino+Films%2C+2000+to+2010&rft.volume=60&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E291-%3C%2Fspan%3E322&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43486348%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=PAYUYO&rft.aufirst=LOUISE+ABIGAIL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/11/03/16/paolo-ballesteros-wins-best-actor-at-tokyo-film-fest">"Paolo Ballesteros wins Best Actor at Tokyo film fest"</a>. <i>ABS-CBN News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=Paolo+Ballesteros+wins+Best+Actor+at+Tokyo+film+fest&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fentertainment%2F11%2F03%2F16%2Fpaolo-ballesteros-wins-best-actor-at-tokyo-film-fest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rappler.com-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rappler.com_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rappler.com_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRappler2018" class="citation web cs1">Rappler (5 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/1019-lifestyle/204159-metro-manila-pride-march-june-30-2018">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Rise Up Together:' Metro Manila Pride March set for June 30"</a>. <i>Rappler</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=%27Rise+Up+Together%3A%27+Metro+Manila+Pride+March+set+for+June+30&rft.date=2018-06-05&rft.au=Rappler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Flife-and-style%2F1019-lifestyle%2F204159-metro-manila-pride-march-june-30-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCruz" class="citation web cs1">Cruz, Tonyo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/manila-bulletin/20160625/281835758001363">"Pride in the First Pride March"</a>. <i>Press Reader</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Reader&rft.atitle=Pride+in+the+First+Pride+March&rft.aulast=Cruz&rft.aufirst=Tonyo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressreader.com%2Fphilippines%2Fmanila-bulletin%2F20160625%2F281835758001363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDe_La_Cruz" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">De La Cruz, Christa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150702053512/http://www.choosephilippines.com/do/history-and-culture/3182/pride-march-2015-filipino-lgbtqs-history-luneta/">"Pride March 2015: Filipino LGBTQs Make History in Luneta"</a>. <i>ChoosePhilippines</i>. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ChoosePhilippines&rft.atitle=Pride+March+2015%3A+Filipino+LGBTQs+Make+History+in+Luneta&rft.aulast=De+La+Cruz&rft.aufirst=Christa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.choosephilippines.com%2Fdo%2Fhistory-and-culture%2F3182%2Fpride-march-2015-filipino-lgbtqs-history-luneta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200708025817/https://cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/2016/06/27/pride-parade-2016.html">"Watch: Scenes from this year's Metro Manila Pride Parade"</a>. <i>CNN Philippines</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/2016/06/27/pride-parade-2016.html">the original</a> on 8 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Philippines&rft.atitle=Watch%3A+Scenes+from+this+year%27s+Metro+Manila+Pride+Parade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcnnphilippines.com%2Flife%2Fculture%2F2016%2F06%2F27%2Fpride-parade-2016.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVillanueva2017" class="citation web cs1">Villanueva, Clyde Jayvy (24 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/173857-here-together-metro-manila-pride-march-lgbt">"#HereTogether: Thousands march for LGBTQ+ community"</a>. <i>Rappler</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=%23HereTogether%3A+Thousands+march+for+LGBTQ%2B+community&rft.date=2017-06-24&rft.aulast=Villanueva&rft.aufirst=Clyde+Jayvy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fmove-ph%2F173857-here-together-metro-manila-pride-march-lgbt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200313205525/https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/234256-in-photos-resist-together-metro-manila-pride-march-2019">"In Photos: #ResistTogether at 2019 Metro Manila Pride March"</a>. <i>Rappler</i>. 30 June 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/234256-in-photos-resist-together-metro-manila-pride-march-2019">the original</a> on 13 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=In+Photos%3A+%23ResistTogether+at+2019+Metro+Manila+Pride+March&rft.date=2019-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fmove-ph%2F234256-in-photos-resist-together-metro-manila-pride-march-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170711121749/http://mmpride.org/MF2017/about/">"About the Organizer"</a>. <i>Metro Manila Pride</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mmpride.org/MF2017/about/">the original</a> on 11 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metro+Manila+Pride&rft.atitle=About+the+Organizer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmmpride.org%2FMF2017%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+culture+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180302174438/http://www.barangayla.org/">Barangay Los Angeles</a> - Filipino LGBT organization in Los Angeles.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:LGBT_in_the_Philippines" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:LGBT in the Philippines">LGBT in the Philippines</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outragemag.com">Outrage Magazine</a> - publication for the gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and asexual (GLBTQIA) communities in the Philippines.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="LGBT_in_the_Philippines38" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LGBT_in_the_Philippines" title="Template:LGBT in the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LGBT_in_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:LGBT in the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LGBT_in_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LGBT in the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="LGBT_in_the_Philippines38" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">LGBT in the Philippines</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Philippines">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Philippines" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Philippines">Recognition of same-sex unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Care_card" title="Right to Care card">Right to Care card</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falcis_III_v._Civil_Registrar-General" title="Falcis III v. Civil Registrar-General">Falcis III v. Civil Registrar-General</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pride_International_Film_Festival" title="Pride International Film Festival">Pride International Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Gay_Philippines" title="Miss Gay Philippines">Miss Gay Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Gay_World_Philippines" title="Mr. Gay World Philippines">Mr. Gay World Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Outrage_Magazine" title="Outrage Magazine">Outrage Magazine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in the Philippines">LGBT culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swardspeak" title="Swardspeak">Swardspeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakla" title="Bakla">Bakla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SOGIE_Equality_Bill" title="SOGIE Equality Bill">SOGIE Equality Bill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philippines_articles598" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippines_topics" title="Template:Philippines topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philippines_topics" title="Template talk:Philippines topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philippines_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philippines topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philippines_articles598" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines" title="History of the Philippines">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_Philippines" title="Archaeology of the Philippines">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Economic history of the Philippines">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Military history of the Philippines">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Political history of the Philippines">Political</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Philippine_history" title="Timeline of Philippine history">Chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_the_Philippines" title="Prehistory of the Philippines">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(900%E2%80%931565)" title="History of the Philippines (900–1565)">Pre-colonial era</a></li> <li>Colonial era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898)" title="History of the Philippines (1565–1898)">Spanish period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Philippines (1898–1946)">American period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines" title="Japanese occupation of the Philippines">Japanese occupation</a></li> <li>Postcolonial era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%931965)" title="History of the Philippines (1946–1965)">Third Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Marcos presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1986%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Philippines (1986–present)">Fifth Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Philippines" title="Geography of the Philippines">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bays_of_the_Philippines" title="List of bays of the Philippines">Bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_the_Philippines" title="Biosphere reserves of the Philippines">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_Philippines" title="Borders of the Philippines">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Philippines" title="Climate of the Philippines">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Philippines" title="Climate change in the Philippines">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoons_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoons in the Philippines">Typhoons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_Philippines" title="List of earthquakes in the Philippines">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoregions_in_the_Philippines" title="Ecoregions in the Philippines">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_Philippines" title="Extreme points of the Philippines">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Island groups of the Philippines">Island groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Philippines" title="List of islands of the Philippines">islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_the_Philippines" title="List of lakes of the Philippines">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_the_Philippines" title="List of mountains in the Philippines">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_the_Philippines" title="List of protected areas of the Philippines">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_Philippines" title="List of national parks of the Philippines">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_the_Philippines" title="List of Ramsar sites in the Philippines">Ramsar sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Philippines" title="List of rivers of the Philippines">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_volcanoes_in_the_Philippines" title="List of active volcanoes in the Philippines">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_the_Philippines" title="Wildlife of the Philippines">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Philippines" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Philippines" title="Politics of the Philippines">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" title="Administrative divisions of the Philippines">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines" title="Elections in the Philippines">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Philippines" title="Foreign relations of the Philippines">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Philippines" title="Human rights in the Philippines">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Philippines">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_legal_codes" title="Philippine legal codes">Legal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_families_in_the_Philippines" title="List of political families in the Philippines">Political families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Philippines" title="List of political parties in the Philippines">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Government44" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Government of the Philippines">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Executive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cabinets_of_the_Philippines" title="List of cabinets of the Philippines">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_departments_of_the_Philippines" title="Executive departments of the Philippines">Executive departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Office of the President of the Philippines">Executive office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Legislative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Philippines" title="Judiciary of the Philippines">Judicial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_of_the_Philippines" title="Court of Appeals of the Philippines">Court of Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Trial_Court" title="Regional Trial Court">Regional Trial Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Air_Force" title="Philippine Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Army" title="Philippine Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Navy" title="Philippine Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Marine_Corps" title="Philippine Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Coast_Guard" title="Philippine Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippines" title="Economy of the Philippines">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Philippines" title="Agriculture in the Philippines">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Philippines" title="Automotive industry in the Philippines">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_process_outsourcing_in_the_Philippines" title="Business process outsourcing in the Philippines">Business process outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_in_the_Philippines" title="Census in the Philippines">Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labor_in_the_Philippines" title="Child labor in the Philippines">Child labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Philippines" title="Energy in the Philippines">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_policy_of_the_Philippines" title="Fiscal policy of the Philippines">Fiscal policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_Philippines" title="National debt of the Philippines">National debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_policy_in_the_Philippines" title="Labor policy in the Philippines">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_Philippines" title="Science and technology in the Philippines">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Stock_Exchange" title="Philippine Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Philippines" title="Taxation in the Philippines">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Philippines" title="Telecommunications in the Philippines">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Philippines" title="Telephone numbers in the Philippines">Telephone numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Philippines" title="Tourism in the Philippines">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_the_Philippines" title="List of tourist attractions in the Philippines">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_Philippines" title="Transportation in the Philippines">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_Philippines" title="Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines">Water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZIP_codes_in_the_Philippines" title="ZIP codes in the Philippines">ZIP codes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Society of the Philippines">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Philippines" title="Abortion in the Philippines">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Philippines" title="Censorship in the Philippines">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Philippines" title="Corruption in the Philippines">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_Philippines" title="Crime in the Philippines">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Philippines" title="Demographics of the Philippines">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_the_Philippines" title="Divorce in the Philippines">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines" title="Education in the Philippines">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Philippines" title="Higher education in the Philippines">Higher education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_Philippines" title="Environmental issues in the Philippines">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Philippines" title="Climate change in the Philippines">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_Philippines" title="Deforestation in the Philippines">Deforestation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines" title="Ethnic groups in the Philippines">Ethnic groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Philippines" title="Indigenous peoples of the Philippines">Indigenous peoples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Filipinos" title="Genetic studies on Filipinos">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_Philippines" title="Health in the Philippines">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_Philippines" title="Human trafficking in the Philippines">Human trafficking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_the_Philippines" title="Sex trafficking in the Philippines">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_Philippines" title="Immigration to the Philippines">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_Philippines" title="Income inequality in the Philippines">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_kinship" title="Philippine kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipino_Worker" title="Overseas Filipino Worker">Overseas workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_Philippines" title="Poverty in the Philippines">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Philippines" title="Prostitution in the Philippines">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Philippines" title="Refugees of the Philippines">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_Philippines" title="Squatting in the Philippines">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Philippines" title="Women in the Philippines">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy" title="Pinoy">Pinoy</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Culture of the Philippines">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines" title="Architecture of the Philippines">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Cinema of the Philippines">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Cultural_Properties_of_the_Philippines" title="Lists of Cultural Properties of the Philippines">Cultural properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_Philippines" title="Dance in the Philippines">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines" title="Fashion and clothing in the Philippines">Fashion and clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_markers_of_the_Philippines" title="Historical markers of the Philippines">Historical markers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Filipino inventions and discoveries">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_literature" title="Philippine literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_Philippines" title="Mass media in the Philippines">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Music of the Philippines">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_mythology" title="Philippine mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Philippines" title="Names of the Philippines">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Philippines" title="Public holidays in the Philippines">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_the_Philippines" title="List of festivals in the Philippines">Festivals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_psychology" title="Filipino psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_Philippines" title="Sports in the Philippines">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_in_the_Philippines" title="Traditional games in the Philippines">Traditional games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_values" title="Filipino values">Value system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_Philippines" title="National symbols of the Philippines">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_eagle" title="Philippine eagle">Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines" title="Coat of arms of the Philippines">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" title="Flag of the Philippines">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasminum_sambac" title="Jasminum sambac">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinctada_maxima" title="Pinctada maxima">Gem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Philippines" title="Great Seal of the Philippines">Great Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maka-Diyos,_Maka-tao,_Makakalikasan_at_Makabansa" title="Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Sign_Language" title="Filipino Sign Language">Sign language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnis" title="Arnis">Sport and martial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus_indicus" title="Pterocarpus indicus">Tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Philippines" title="Outline of the Philippines">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_Philippines" title="Bibliography of the Philippines">Bibliography</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Philippines" title="Category:Philippines">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="LGBTQ_culture_worldwide58" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LGBTcultureworldwide" title="Template:LGBTcultureworldwide"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LGBTcultureworldwide" title="Template talk:LGBTcultureworldwide"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LGBTcultureworldwide" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LGBTcultureworldwide"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="LGBTQ_culture_worldwide58" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture" title="LGBTQ culture">LGBTQ culture</a> worldwide</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Argentina" title="LGBTQ culture in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_Brazil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LGBTQ culture in Brazil (page does not exist)">Brazil</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_LGBT_en_Brasil" class="extiw" title="es:Cultura LGBT en Brasil">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Vancouver" title="LGBTQ culture in Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Mexico" title="LGBTQ culture in Mexico">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Puerto_Vallarta" title="LGBTQ culture in Puerto Vallarta">Puerto Vallarta</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:LGBTQ_culture_in_the_United_States" title="Template:LGBTQ culture in the United States">By city</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Beijing" title="LGBTQ culture in Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Chengdu" title="LGBTQ culture in Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Hong_Kong" title="LGBTQ culture in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Shanghai" title="LGBTQ culture in Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_India" title="LGBTQ culture in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ culture in Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Chennai" title="LGBTQ culture in Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Hyderabad" title="LGBTQ culture in Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Japan" title="LGBTQ culture in Japan">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Tokyo" title="LGBTQ culture in Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Russia" title="LGBTQ culture in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Singapore" title="LGBTQ culture in Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Austria (<a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Vienna" title="LGBTQ culture in Vienna">Vienna</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ in France">France</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTI_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:LGBTI en France">fr</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Paris" title="LGBTQ culture in Paris">Paris</a></li></ul></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Berlin" title="LGBTQ culture in Berlin">Berlin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Ireland" title="LGBTQ culture in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Russia" title="LGBTQ culture in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Brighton_and_Hove" title="LGBTQ culture in Brighton and Hove">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Cardiff" title="LGBTQ culture in Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Leeds" title="LGBTQ culture in Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Liverpool" title="LGBTQ culture in Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_London" title="LGBTQ culture in London">London</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Sydney" title="LGBTQ culture in Sydney">Sydney</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&oldid=1277029896">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&oldid=1277029896</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines" title="Category:LGBTQ culture in the Philippines">LGBTQ culture in the Philippines</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1: unfit URL">CS1: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2020">Use dmy dates from May 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_locally_defined" title="Category:Commons category link is locally defined">Commons category link is locally defined</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 February 2025, at 06:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBTQ culture in the Philippines</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>3 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-56c76d7d44-ntx2c","wgBackendResponseTime":199,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.771","walltime":"0.928","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4708,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":205196,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":27638,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":31,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":235539,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 783.830 1 -total"," 42.95% 336.623 2 Template:Reflist"," 19.86% 155.698 26 Template:Cite_web"," 12.75% 99.910 6 Template:Navbox"," 10.45% 81.935 1 Template:Philippines_topics"," 10.17% 79.709 1 Template:Country_topics"," 9.54% 74.792 1 Template:LGBT_in_the_Philippines"," 9.47% 74.194 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.39% 57.964 1 Template:Commons_category"," 7.17% 56.180 1 Template:Sister_project"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.470","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6855131,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.next-7869848f5f-ks2fq","timestamp":"20250306054007","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"LGBTQ culture in the Philippines","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LGBTQ_culture_in_the_Philippines","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17003371","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17003371","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-08-23T03:07:13Z","dateModified":"2025-02-22T06:13:34Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6d\/PHL_orthographic.svg","headline":"culture of LGBT people in the Philippines"}</script> </body> </html>