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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Evolution of bipedalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution_of_bipedalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brain_size_evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brain_size_evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Brain size evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brain_size_evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution_of_family_structure_and_sexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution_of_family_structure_and_sexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Evolution of family structure and sexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution_of_family_structure_and_sexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بشراناوات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بشراناوات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominins" title="Hominins – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hominins" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B9" title="Ανθρωπίναι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανθρωπίναι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homenoj" title="Homenoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Homenoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انسان‌ساییان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انسان‌ساییان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%8C%EC%95%84%EA%B3%BC" title="사람아과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사람아과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הומיננאים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הומיננאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80frikas_cilv%C4%93kp%C4%93rti%C4%B7i_un_cilv%C4%93ks" title="Āfrikas cilvēkpērtiķi un cilvēks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Āfrikas cilvēkpērtiķi un cilvēks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikrosios_%C5%BEmogbe%C5%BEd%C5%BEion%C4%97s" title="Tikrosios žmogbeždžionės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tikrosios žmogbeždžionės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="اسرة الانسانيات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسرة الانسانيات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%88%E4%BA%9C%E7%A7%91" title="ヒト亜科 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒト亜科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="هومینینا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هومینینا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Гоминины – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гоминины" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hominini" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominine" title="Hominine – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hominine" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%87" title="హోమినినే – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హోమినినే" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Гомініни – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гомініни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_h%E1%BB%8D_Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di" title="Phân họ Người – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phân họ Người" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Homininae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%9E%E7%A7%91" title="人亞科 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="人亞科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q242047#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For an explanation of very similar terms, see <a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Homininae<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">12.5–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:215.26153846154px; width:4.7384615384615px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:215.76923076923px; width:4.2307692307692px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:216.76923076923px; width:2.2307692307692px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Leonard_Carmichael.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Secretary_Leonard_Carmichael.jpg/220px-Secretary_Leonard_Carmichael.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Secretary_Leonard_Carmichael.jpg/330px-Secretary_Leonard_Carmichael.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Secretary_Leonard_Carmichael.jpg/440px-Secretary_Leonard_Carmichael.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1640" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Three hominines – an adult <a href="/wiki/Human_male" class="mw-redirect" title="Human male">human male</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leonard_Carmichael" title="Leonard Carmichael">Leonard Carmichael</a>) holding a juvenile <a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">gorilla</a> (left) and a juvenile <a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">chimpanzee</a> (right). </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Homininae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primates</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infraorder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simian" title="Simian">Simiiformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Homininae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Gray" title="John Edward Gray">Gray</a>, 1825</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Linnaeus, 1758</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Tribes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Dryopithecini" title="Dryopithecini">Dryopithecini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Homininae</b> (the <b>hominines</b>), is a subfamily of the family <a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae</a> (hominids). (The Homininae—<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span>—encompass humans, and are also called "<b>African hominids</b>" or "<b>African apes</b>".)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This subfamily includes two tribes, <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a>, both having <a href="/wiki/Extant_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Extant taxon">ex<i>tant</i></a> (or living) species as well as <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">ex<i>tinct</i></a> species. </p><p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a> includes: the extant genus <i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i>, which comprises only one extant species—the modern <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a> (<i>Homo</i> sapiens), and numerous extinct human species; and the extant genus <i><a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">Pan</a></i>, which includes two extant species, <a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">chimpanzees</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bonobo" title="Bonobo">bonobos</a>. Tribe <a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">gorillas</a>) contains one extant genus, Gorilla, with two extant species, with variants, and one known extinct genus. Alternatively, the genus <i>Pan</i> is considered by some to belong, instead of to a subtribe <a href="/wiki/Panina" title="Panina">Panina</a>, to its own separate tribe, (<i>so-called</i>) "Panini"—which would be a third tribe for Homininae. </p><p>Some classification schemes provide a more comprehensive account of extinct groups—(see section "Taxonomic Classification", below). For example, tribe Hominini shows two subtribes: subtribe <a href="/wiki/Hominina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominina">Hominina</a>, which contains at least two extinct <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a>; and subtribe Panina, which presents only the extant genus, <i>Pan</i> (chimpanzees/bonobos), as fossils of extinct chimpanzees/bonobos are very rarely found. </p><p>The Homininae comprise all <a href="/wiki/Hominid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominid">hominids</a> that arose after the subfamily <a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">orangutans</a>} split from the line of the <a href="/wiki/Great_ape" class="mw-redirect" title="Great ape">great apes</a>. The Homininae <a href="/wiki/Cladogram" title="Cladogram">cladogram</a> has three main branches leading: to gorillas (via the tribe Gorillini); to humans and to chimpanzees (via the tribe Hominini and subtribes Hominina and Panina―(see graphic "Evolutionary tree", below). There are two living species of Panina, chimpanzees and bonobos, and two living species of gorillas and one that is extinct. Traces of extinct <i>Homo</i> species, including <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_floresiensis" title="Homo floresiensis">Homo floresiensis</a></i>, have been found with dates as recent as 40,000 years ago. Individual members of this subfamily are called <b>hominine</b> or <b>hominines</b>—not to be confused with the terms <a href="/wiki/Hominin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominin">hominins</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CommonNames_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CommonNames-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_discoveries_and_classification">History of discoveries and classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homininae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of discoveries and classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_human_evolution_fossils" title="List of human evolution fossils">List of human evolution fossils</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Homininae.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Homininae.svg/400px-Homininae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Homininae.svg/600px-Homininae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Homininae.svg/800px-Homininae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="140" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary tree">Evolutionary tree</a> of the superfamily <a href="/wiki/Hominoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominoidea">Hominoidea</a>, emphasizing the subfamily Homininae: after an initial separation from the main line (some 18 million years ago) of <a href="/wiki/Hylobatidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hylobatidae">Hylobatidae</a> (current <a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">gibbons</a>), the line of subfamily <a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a> broke away—leading to the current orangutan; and later the Homininae split into the tribe <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a> (with subtribes Hominina and Panina), and the tribe <a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Until 1970, the family (and term) Hominidae meant humans only; the non-human <a href="/wiki/Great_ape" class="mw-redirect" title="Great ape">great apes</a> were assigned to the then-family <a href="/wiki/Pongidae" title="Pongidae">Pongidae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goodman_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later discoveries led to revised classifications, with the great <a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">apes</a> then united with humans (now in subfamily Homininae)<sup id="cite_ref-GBIF_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBIF-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as members of family Hominidae<sup id="cite_ref-Goodman1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodman1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1990, it was recognized that <a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">gorillas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">chimpanzees</a> are more closely related to <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a> than they are to <a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">orangutans</a>, leading to their (gorillas' and chimpanzees') placement in subfamily Homininae as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Goodman2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodman2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The subfamily Homininae can be further subdivided into three branches, the tribe <a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a> (gorillas), the tribe <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a> with subtribes <a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">Panina</a> (chimpanzees/bonobos) and <a href="/wiki/Hominina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominina">Hominina</a> (humans and their extinct relatives), and the extinct tribe <a href="/wiki/Dryopithecini" title="Dryopithecini">Dryopithecini</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Late_Miocene" title="Late Miocene">Late Miocene</a> fossil <i><a href="/wiki/Nakalipithecus_nakayamai" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakalipithecus nakayamai">Nakalipithecus nakayamai</a></i>, described in 2007, is a <a href="/wiki/Basal_(evolution)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basal (evolution)">basal</a> member of this <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a>, as is, perhaps, its contemporary <i><a href="/wiki/Ouranopithecus" title="Ouranopithecus">Ouranopithecus</a></i>; that is, they are not assignable to any of the three extant branches. Their existence suggests that the Homininae tribes diverged not earlier than about 8 million years ago (see <a href="/wiki/Human_evolutionary_genetics" title="Human evolutionary genetics">Human evolutionary genetics</a>). </p><p>Today, chimpanzees and gorillas live in <a href="/wiki/Tropical_forest" title="Tropical forest">tropical forests</a> with acid soils that rarely preserve fossils. Although no fossil gorillas have been reported, four chimpanzee teeth about 500,000 years old have been discovered in the East-African rift valley (<a href="/wiki/Kapthurin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapthurin">Kapthurin</a> Formation, Kenya), where many fossils from the human lineage (hominins)<sup id="cite_ref-CommonNames_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CommonNames-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have been found.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This shows that some chimpanzees lived close to <i>Homo</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/H._erectus" class="mw-redirect" title="H. erectus">H. erectus</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/H._rhodesiensis" class="mw-redirect" title="H. rhodesiensis">H. rhodesiensis</a></i>) at the time; the same is likely true for gorillas.<sup id="cite_ref-GBIF_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBIF-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomic_classification">Taxonomic classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homininae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomic classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table id="Container" role="presentation" class="nomobile toccolours searchaux" style="text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;border-style:solid;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.3em 0 0.8em 1.4em;overflow:hidden;min-width:29.95em"><tbody><tr><td colspan="3" id="Title" style="padding:1em 1em 0 1em"><div style="background-color:#77bb77;padding:0 0.2em 0 0.2em;font-weight:bold;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution" title="Timeline of human evolution"><span style="color:#ffffff;">Hominin 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style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:-0.1em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-11.667em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1231500821">@supports(writing-mode:vertical-lr){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-text{letter-spacing:-0.12em;line-height:1em;text-orientation:upright;writing-mode:vertical-lr;width:1em}}</style><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene"><span style="color:#ffffff;">Miocene</span></a></span></b></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#f1c309;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:12.900em;height:13.765em;left:0.000em;width:1.300em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.5em;left:-0.1em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-6.883em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a></span></b></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#c1e0c1;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.058em;height:12.841em;left:0.000em;width:1.300em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.75em;left:-0.1em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-6.421em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a></span></b></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:14.000em;height:36.000em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:-6.7em;left:-0.3em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-18.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:120%"><b><a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a></b></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:48.500em;height:0.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0.1em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:46.500em;height:1.000em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.5em;left:0.6em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.500em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Samburupithecus" title="Samburupithecus">Samburupithecus</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:44.500em;height:0.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0.2em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Ouranopithecus" title="Ouranopithecus">Ouranopithecus</a></span></i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Ouranopithecus_turkae" title="Ouranopithecus turkae">Ou. turkae</a>)</i><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Ouranopithecus_macedoniensis" title="Ouranopithecus macedoniensis">Ou. macedoniensis</a>)</i></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:39.500em;height:0.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.1em;left:0.4em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Chororapithecus" title="Chororapithecus">Chororapithecus</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:35.000em;height:10.000em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:-1.75em;left:-0.2em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-5.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Oreopithecus" title="Oreopithecus">Oreopithecus</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:39.500em;height:0.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:1.75em;left:-0.4em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Sivapithecus" title="Sivapithecus">Sivapithecus</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:34.500em;height:0.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.5em;left:0.3em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Sahelanthropus" title="Sahelanthropus">Sahelanthropus</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:34.500em;height:0.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:2em;left:0.3em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Graecopithecus" title="Graecopithecus">Graecopithecus</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:29.500em;height:0.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.5em;left:-1.5em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Orrorin" title="Orrorin">Orrorin</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:29.500em;height:0.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:2.5em;left:0.15em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Orrorin" title="Orrorin">O. praegens</a>)</i><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Orrorin" title="Orrorin">O. tugenensis</a>)</i></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:22.000em;height:6.850em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:-3.75em;left:-0.3em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-3.425em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><b><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus" title="Ardipithecus">Ardipithecus</a></span></b></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:27.700em;height:1.150em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.75em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.575em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_kadabba" title="Ardipithecus kadabba">Ar. kadabba</a>)</i></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:21.500em;height:1.000em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:1em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.500em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_ramidus" title="Ardipithecus ramidus">Ar. ramidus</a>)</i></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:6.000em;height:16.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:3em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-8.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><b><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a></span></b></i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_africanus" title="Australopithecus africanus">Au. africanus</a>)</i><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_afarensis" title="Australopithecus afarensis">Au. afarensis</a>)</i><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_anamensis" title="Australopithecus anamensis">Au. anamensis</a>)</i></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#DCEEFF;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:8.250em;height:5.750em;left:2.600em;width:10.400em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.9em;left:-0.5em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.875em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><b><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Homo_habilis" title="Homo habilis">H. habilis</a></span></b></i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Homo_rudolfensis" title="Homo rudolfensis">H. rudolfensis</a>)</i><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_garhi" title="Australopithecus garhi">Au. garhi</a>)</i></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#FFE4F1;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.570em;height:9.430em;left:3.900em;width:9.100em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:1.5em;left:-1em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-4.715em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><b><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">H. erectus</a></span></b></i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Homo_antecessor" title="Homo antecessor">H. antecessor</a>)</i><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Homo_ergaster" title="Homo ergaster">H. ergaster</a>)</i><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_sediba" title="Australopithecus sediba">Au. sediba</a>)</i></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#FFE4F1;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:6.000em;height:2.500em;left:2.600em;width:10.400em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#7DFFFF;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.000em;height:2.500em;left:2.600em;width:10.400em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:1em;left:-0.2em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">H. heidelbergensis</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#F3F300;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.500em;left:3.900em;width:9.100em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:-0.7em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.750em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><b><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomically_modern_human" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomically modern human">Homo sapiens</a></span></b></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#F3F300;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:0.200em;left:1.300em;width:3.900em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.100em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#7DFFFF;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.200em;height:1.050em;left:2.600em;width:1.300em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:1.8em;left:2.6em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.525em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span class="nowrap"><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthals</a></span></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#F3F300;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.200em;height:0.370em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.185em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#7DFFFF;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.200em;height:0.370em;left:2.600em;width:1.300em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:1.4em;left:2.8em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.185em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span class="nowrap"><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Denisovan" title="Denisovan">Denisovans</a></span></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:6.000em;height:8.500em;left:11.700em;width:1.300em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-4.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div></td><td id="Annotations" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;float:left;position:relative;width:11.05em;height:50em"><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:50.000em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution#Hominidae" title="Timeline of human evolution">Earlier apes</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:45.000em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Gorilla%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Gorilla–human last common ancestor">Gorilla split</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:42.500em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor">Chimpanzee split</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:35.000em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Human_skeletal_changes_due_to_bipedalism" title="Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism">Earliest bipedal</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:29.000em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_kadabba" title="Ardipithecus kadabba">Earliest sign of <i>Ardipithecus</i></a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:22.500em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_anamensis" title="Australopithecus anamensis">Earliest sign of <i>Australopithecus</i></a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:17.000em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age#Beginning_of_the_Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Earliest stone tools</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:14.000em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.25em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/LD_350-1" title="LD 350-1">Earliest sign of<br /> <i>Homo</i></a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:10.600em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.25em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Early_expansions_of_hominins_out_of_Africa" title="Early expansions of hominins out of Africa">Dispersal beyond Africa</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:9.550em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Earliest language</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:8.500em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Earliest fire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cooking#History" title="Cooking">cooking</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:1.000em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.6em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/wiki/Rock_art#East_Asia" title="Rock art">Earliest rock art</a></span></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:0.625em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.1em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/wiki/Clothing#Origin_and_history" title="Clothing">Earliest clothes</a></span></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:0.250em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-0.4em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Modern humans</a></span></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto;font-size:100%;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin-top:21.000em"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;text-align:left;top:0.25em;left:-5em;width:8.8em"><div style="position:relative;width:auto;z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);vertical-align:middle;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><span style="display:block; text-align:center; font-size:110%"><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">H o m i n i d s</a></span></b></span></div></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto;font-size:100%;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin-top:3.000em"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;text-align:left;top:3.25em;left:-5em;width:8.8em"><div style="position:relative;width:auto;z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);vertical-align:middle;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><span style="display:block; text-align:center; font-size:85%;"><b><span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus" title="Paranthropus">P a r a n t h r o p u s</a></span></span></b></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td id="Caption" colspan="3" style="padding:0;margin:0 0.2em 0.7em 0.2em"><div id="Caption" class="toccolours" style="margin:0 0.5em;border-style:none;clear:both;text-align:center;width:26.8em"><div style="float:left;font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Myr" class="mw-redirect" title="Myr">million years ago</a>)</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first" style="font-size:80%; line-height:80%"><a href="/wiki/Hominina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominina">Hominina</a> (Humans, Chimpanzees, and Gorillas) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="font-size:80%; line-height:80%"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Homininae</a> (7) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Hominina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominina">Hominina</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">Pan</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Graecopithecus" title="Graecopithecus">Graecopithecus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="border-right:none;border-left:none;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ouranopithecus" title="Ouranopithecus">Ouranopithecus</a></i> (†7) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Crown Gorillini</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Chororapithecus" title="Chororapithecus">Chororapithecus</a></i> (†) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></i> (†10) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Dryopithecini" title="Dryopithecini">Dryopithecini</a> (†) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="font-size:80%; line-height:80%"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first" style="font-size:80%; line-height:80%"><a href="/wiki/Hominoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominoidea">Hominoidea</a> (Apes) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="font-size:80%; line-height:80%"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Hylobatidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hylobatidae">Hylobatidae</a> (gibbons) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Hominidae (great apes) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">(Orangutans) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Homininae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">(Gorilla) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Panina" title="Panina">Panina</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">(chimpanzees) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Hominina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominina">Hominina</a> (Humans) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="font-size:80%; line-height:80%"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>Homininae</b> </p> <ul><li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Dryopithecini" title="Dryopithecini">Dryopithecini</a><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kenyapithecus" title="Kenyapithecus">Kenyapithecus</a> (?)</i> <ul><li><i>Kenyapitheus wickeri</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ouranopithecus" title="Ouranopithecus">Ouranopithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i>Ouranopithecus macedoniensis</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Otavipithecus" title="Otavipithecus">Otavipithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i>Otavipithecus namibiensis</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreopithecus" title="Oreopithecus">Oreopithecus</a> (?)</i> <ul><li><i>Oreopithecus bambolii</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i>Nakalipithecus nakayamai</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anoiapithecus" title="Anoiapithecus">Anoiapithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i>Anoiapithecus brevirostris</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dryopithecus" title="Dryopithecus">Dryopithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i>Dryopithecus fontani</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hispanopithecus" title="Hispanopithecus">Hispanopithecus</a> (?)</i> <ul><li><i>Hispanopithecus laietanus</i></li> <li><i>Hispanopithecus crusafonti</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pierolapithecus" title="Pierolapithecus">Pierolapithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i>Pierolapithecus catalaunicus</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudapithecus" title="Rudapithecus">Rudapithecus</a> (?)</i> <ul><li><i>Rudapithecus hungaricus</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samburupithecus" title="Samburupithecus">Samburupithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i>Samburupithecus kiptalami</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danuvius_guggenmosi" title="Danuvius guggenmosi">Danuvius</a></i> <ul><li><i>Danuvius guggenmosi</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chororapithecus" title="Chororapithecus">Chororapithecus</a></i> <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i>Chororapithecus abyssinicus</i></li></ul></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">Gorilla</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_gorilla" title="Western gorilla">Western gorilla</a>, <i>Gorilla gorilla</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_lowland_gorilla" title="Western lowland gorilla">Western lowland gorilla</a>, <i>Gorilla gorilla gorilla</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_River_gorilla" title="Cross River gorilla">Cross River gorilla</a>, <i>Gorilla gorilla diehli</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_gorilla" title="Eastern gorilla">Eastern gorilla</a>, <i>Gorilla beringei</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_gorilla" title="Mountain gorilla">Mountain gorilla</a>, <i>Gorilla beringei beringei</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_lowland_gorilla" title="Eastern lowland gorilla">Eastern lowland gorilla</a>, <i>Gorilla beringei graueri</i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a> <ul><li>Subtribe <a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">Panina</a> <ul><li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">Pan</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_chimpanzee" class="mw-redirect" title="Common chimpanzee">Chimpanzee</a> (common chimpanzee), <i>Pan troglodytes</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_chimpanzee" title="Central chimpanzee">Central chimpanzee</a>, <i>Pan troglodytes troglodytes</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_chimpanzee" title="Western chimpanzee">Western chimpanzee</a>, <i>Pan troglodytes verus</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria-Cameroon_chimpanzee" title="Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee">Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee</a>, <i>Pan troglodytes ellioti</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_chimpanzee" title="Eastern chimpanzee">Eastern chimpanzee</a>, <i>Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonobo" title="Bonobo">Bonobo</a> (pygmy chimpanzee), <i>Pan paniscus</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Subtribe <a href="/wiki/Hominina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominina">Hominina</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Graecopithecus" title="Graecopithecus">Graecopithecus</a></i> <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i>Graecopithecus freybergi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note: <i>Graecopithecus</i> has also been subsumed by other authors into <i>Dryopithecus</i>. The placement of <i>Graecopithecus</i> within the Hominina, as shown here, represents a hypothesis, but not scientific consensus.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahelanthropus" title="Sahelanthropus">Sahelanthropus</a> (?)</i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><i>Sahelanthropus tchadensis</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orrorin" title="Orrorin">Orrorin</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i>Orrorin tugenensis</i></li> <li><i>Orrorin praegens</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus" title="Ardipithecus">Ardipithecus</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_ramidus" title="Ardipithecus ramidus">Ardipithecus ramidus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_kadabba" title="Ardipithecus kadabba">Ardipithecus kadabba</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kenyanthropus" title="Kenyanthropus">Kenyanthropus</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i>Kenyanthropus platyops</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_bahrelghazali" title="Australopithecus bahrelghazali">Australopithecus bahrelghazali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_anamensis" title="Australopithecus anamensis">Australopithecus anamensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_afarensis" title="Australopithecus afarensis">Australopithecus afarensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_africanus" title="Australopithecus africanus">Australopithecus africanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_garhi" title="Australopithecus garhi">Australopithecus garhi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_sediba" title="Australopithecus sediba">Australopithecus sediba</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus" title="Paranthropus">Paranthropus</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_aethiopicus" title="Paranthropus aethiopicus">Paranthropus aethiopicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_robustus" title="Paranthropus robustus">Paranthropus robustus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_boisei" title="Paranthropus boisei">Paranthropus boisei</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i> – immediate ancestors of modern <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_gautengensis" title="Homo gautengensis">Homo gautengensis</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (probable <i>H. habilis</i> specimens)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_rudolfensis" title="Homo rudolfensis">Homo rudolfensis</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_habilis" title="Homo habilis">Homo habilis</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_floresiensis" title="Homo floresiensis">Homo floresiensis</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_ergaster" title="Homo ergaster">Homo ergaster</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_antecessor" title="Homo antecessor">Homo antecessor</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">Homo heidelbergensis</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_cepranensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo cepranensis">Homo cepranensis</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (probable early <i>H. sapiens</i> specimens)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denisova_hominin" class="mw-redirect" title="Denisova hominin">Denisovans</a> (scientific name has not yet been assigned)<a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Homo neanderthalensis</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_rhodesiensis" title="Homo rhodesiensis">Homo rhodesiensis</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (probable late <i>H. heidelbergensis</i> specimens)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomically_modern_human" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomically modern human">Anatomically modern human</a>, <i>Homo sapiens sapiens</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anatomically_modern_human" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomically modern human">Archaic Homo sapiens</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Cro-magnon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cro-magnon">Cro-magnon</a>)<a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Deer_Cave_people" title="Red Deer Cave people">Red Deer Cave people</a><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (scientific name has not yet been assigned)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens_idaltu" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens idaltu">Homo sapiens idaltu</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (classification not widely accepted)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homininae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Human_evolution" title="Human evolution">Human evolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_evolutionary_genetics" title="Human evolutionary genetics">Human evolutionary genetics</a></div> <p>The age of the subfamily Homininae (of the <a href="/wiki/Orangutan%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Orangutan–human last common ancestor">Homininae–Ponginae last common ancestor</a>) is estimated at some 14<sup id="cite_ref-Hill&Ward1988_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill&Ward1988-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 12.5 million years (<i><a href="/wiki/Sivapithecus" title="Sivapithecus">Sivapithecus</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FinarelliClyde2004_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FinarelliClyde2004-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chaimanee_etal2004_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chaimanee_etal2004-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its separation into Gorillini and Hominini (the "gorilla–human last common ancestor", GHLCA) is estimated to have occurred at about <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=8–10">8 to 10</a> million years ago</span> (T<sub>GHLCA</sub>) during the late <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>, close to the age of <i><a href="/wiki/Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus nakayamai</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is evidence there was interbreeding of Gorillas and the Pan–Homo ancestors until right up to the Pan–Homo split.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolution_of_bipedalism">Evolution of bipedalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homininae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Evolution of bipedalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Homininae" title="Special:EditPage/Homininae">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Homininae%22">"Homininae"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Homininae%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Homininae%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Homininae%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Homininae%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Homininae%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Human_skeletal_changes_due_to_bipedalism" title="Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism">Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism</a></div> <p>Recent studies of <i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_ramidus" title="Ardipithecus ramidus">Ardipithecus ramidus</a></i> (4.4 million years old) and <i><a href="/wiki/Orrorin_tugenensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Orrorin tugenensis">Orrorin tugenensis</a></i> (6 million years old) suggest some degree of bipedalism. <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a></i> and early <i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus" title="Paranthropus">Paranthropus</a></i> may have been <a href="/wiki/Bipedal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bipedal">bipedal</a>. Very early hominins such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_ramidus" title="Ardipithecus ramidus">Ardipithecus ramidus</a></i> may have possessed an arboreal type of bipedalism.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The evolution of <a href="/wiki/Bipedalism" title="Bipedalism">bipedalism</a> encouraged multiple changes among hominins especially when it came to <a href="/wiki/Bipedalism" title="Bipedalism">bipedalism</a> in humans as they were now able to do many other things as they began to walk with their feet. These changes included the ability to now use their hands to create tools or carry things with their hands, the ability to travel longer distances at a faster speed, and the ability to hunt for food. According to researchers, humans were able to be bipedalists due to Darwin's Principle of <a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">natural selection</a>. Darwin himself believed that larger brains in humans made an upright gait necessary, but had no hypothesis for how the mechanism evolved. </p><p>The first major theory attempting to directly explanation the origins of <a href="/wiki/Bipedalism" title="Bipedalism">bipedalism</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Savannah_hypothesis" title="Savannah hypothesis">Savannah hypothesis</a> (Dart 1925.) This theory hypothesized that hominins became bipedalists due to the environment of the Savanna such as the tall grass and dry climate. This was later proven to be incorrect due to fossil records that showed that hominins were still climbing trees during this era. </p><p>Anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Owen_Lovejoy_(anthropologist)" title="Owen Lovejoy (anthropologist)">Owen Lovejoy</a> has suggested that <a href="/wiki/Bipedalism" title="Bipedalism">bipedalism</a> was a result of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">sexual dimorphism</a> in efforts to help with the collecting of food. In his Male Provisioning Hypothesis introduced in 1981, lowered birth rates in early hominids increased pressure on males to provide for females and offspring. While females groomed and cared for their children with the family group, males ranged to seek food and returned bipadally with full arms. Males who could better provide for females in this model were more likely to mate and produce offspring.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthropologist Yohannes Haile-Selassie, an expert on <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_anamensis" title="Australopithecus anamensis">Australopithecus anamensis</a></i>, discusses the evidence that Australopithecus were one of the first hominins to evolve into obligate bipedalists. The remains of this subfamily are very important in the field of research as it presents possible information regarding how these primates adapted from tree life to terrestrial life. This was a huge adaptation as it encouraged many evolutionary changes within hominins including the ability to use their hand to make tools and gather food, as well as a larger brain development due to their change in diet.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brain_size_evolution">Brain size evolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homininae&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Brain size evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Homininae" title="Special:EditPage/Homininae">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Homininae%22">"Homininae"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Homininae%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Homininae%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Homininae%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Homininae%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Homininae%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There has been a gradual increase in brain volume (<a href="/wiki/Brain_size" title="Brain size">brain size</a>) as the ancestors of modern humans progressed along the <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution" title="Timeline of human evolution">timeline of human evolution</a>, starting from about 600 cm<sup>3</sup> in <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_habilis" title="Homo habilis">Homo habilis</a></i> up to 1500 cm<sup>3</sup> in <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo neanderthalensis">Homo neanderthalensis</a></i>. However, modern <i>Homo sapiens</i> have a brain volume slightly smaller (1250 cm<sup>3</sup>) than Neanderthals, women have a brain slightly smaller than men and the Flores hominids (<i><a href="/wiki/Homo_floresiensis" title="Homo floresiensis">Homo floresiensis</a></i>), nicknamed hobbits, had a cranial capacity of about 380 cm<sup>3</sup> (considered small for a chimpanzee), about a third of the <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></i> average. It is proposed that they evolved from <i>H. erectus</i> as a case of insular dwarfism.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In spite of their smaller brain, there is evidence that <i>H. floresiensis</i> used fire and made stone tools at least as sophisticated as those of their proposed ancestors <i>H. erectus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this case, it seems that for intelligence, the structure of the brain is more important than its size.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current size of the human brain is a big distinguishing factor that separates humans from other primates. Recent examination of the human brain shows that the brain of a human is about more than four times the size of <a href="/wiki/Great_ape" class="mw-redirect" title="Great ape">great apes</a> and 20 times larger than the brain size of <a href="/wiki/Old_World_monkey" title="Old World monkey">old world monkeys</a>. A study<sup id="cite_ref-Wang-2004_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang-2004-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was conducted to help determine the evolution of the brain size within the sub family Homininae that tested the genes ASPM (<a href="/wiki/ASPM_(gene)" title="ASPM (gene)">abnormal spindle-like microcephaly</a> associated) and MCHP1 <a href="/wiki/Microcephalin" title="Microcephalin">(microcephalin-1</a>) and their association with the human brain. In this study researchers discovered that the increase in brain size is correlated to the increase of both ASP and MCPH1. MCPH1 is very polymorphic in humans compared to <a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">gibbons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_World_monkey" title="Old World monkey">Old World monkeys</a>. This gene helps encourage the growth of the brain. Further research indicated that the MCPH1 gene in humans could have also been an encouraging factor of population expansion. Other researchers have included that the diet was an encouraging factor to brain size as protein intake increased this helped brain development.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang-2004_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang-2004-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolution_of_family_structure_and_sexuality">Evolution of family structure and sexuality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homininae&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Evolution of family structure and sexuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>. The reason given is: Cited evidence is out of date..<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">Human sexuality</a></div> <p>Sexuality is related to family structure and partly shapes it. The involvement of fathers in education is quite unique to humans, at least when compared to other Homininae. <a href="/wiki/Concealed_ovulation" title="Concealed ovulation">Concealed ovulation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">menopause</a> in women both also occur in a few other primates however, but are uncommon in other species. <a href="/wiki/Testis" class="mw-redirect" title="Testis">Testis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penis_size" class="mw-redirect" title="Penis size">penis size</a> seems to be related to family structure: <a href="/wiki/Monogamy" title="Monogamy">monogamy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">promiscuity</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Harem_(zoology)" title="Harem (zoology)">harem</a>, in humans, chimpanzees or gorillas, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WiSF_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WiSF-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The levels of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">sexual dimorphism</a> are generally seen as a marker of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection" title="Sexual selection">sexual selection</a>. Studies have suggested that the earliest hominins were dimorphic and that this lessened over the course of the evolution of the genus <i>Homo</i>, correlating with humans becoming more monogamous, whereas gorillas, who live in harems, show a large degree of sexual dimorphism. Concealed (or "hidden") ovulation means that the phase of fertility is not detectable in women, whereas chimpanzees advertise ovulation via an obvious swelling of the genitals. Women can be partly aware of their ovulation along the menstrual phases, but men are essentially unable to detect ovulation in women. Most primates have semi-concealed ovulation, thus one can think that the common ancestor had semi-concealed ovulation, that was inherited by gorillas, and that later evolved in concealed ovulation in humans and advertised ovulation in chimpanzees. Menopause also occurs in <a href="/wiki/Rhesus_monkeys" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhesus monkeys">rhesus monkeys</a>, and possibly in chimpanzees, but does not in gorillas and is quite uncommon in other primates (and other mammal groups).<sup id="cite_ref-WiSF_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WiSF-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homininae&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Man_of_the_woods.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Man_of_the_woods.JPG/28px-Man_of_the_woods.JPG" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Man_of_the_woods.JPG/42px-Man_of_the_woods.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Man_of_the_woods.JPG/57px-Man_of_the_woods.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1284" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Primates" title="Portal:Primates">Primates portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor">Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorilla%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Gorilla–human last common ancestor">Gorilla–human last common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangutan%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Orangutan–human last common ancestor">Orangutan–human last common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbon%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Gibbon–human last common ancestor">Gibbon–human last common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_evolution_fossils" title="List of human evolution fossils">List of human evolution fossils</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homininae&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CommonNames-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CommonNames_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CommonNames_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A <i>hominin</i> is a member of the tribe Hominini, a <i>hominine</i> is a member of the subfamily Homininae, a <i>hominid</i> is a member of the family Hominidae, and a <i>hominoid</i> is a member of the superfamily Hominoidea.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homininae&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrabowskiJungers2017" class="citation journal cs1">Grabowski M, Jungers WL (October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5638852">"Evidence of a chimpanzee-sized ancestor of humans but a gibbon-sized ancestor of apes"</a>. <i>Nature Communications</i>. <b>8</b> (1): 880. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatCo...8..880G">2017NatCo...8..880G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-017-00997-4">10.1038/s41467-017-00997-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5638852">5638852</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29026075">29026075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=Evidence+of+a+chimpanzee-sized+ancestor+of+humans+but+a+gibbon-sized+ancestor+of+apes&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=880&rft.date=2017-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5638852%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29026075&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-017-00997-4&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017NatCo...8..880G&rft.aulast=Grabowski&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Jungers%2C+WL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5638852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomininae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFussSpassovBegunBöhme2017" class="citation journal cs1">Fuss J, Spassov N, Begun DR, Böhme M (2017-05-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5439669">"Potential hominin affinities of Graecopithecus from the Late Miocene of Europe"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>12</b> (5): e0177127. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PLoSO..1277127F">2017PLoSO..1277127F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0177127">10.1371/journal.pone.0177127</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5439669">5439669</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28531170">28531170</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Potential+hominin+affinities+of+Graecopithecus+from+the+Late+Miocene+of+Europe&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=e0177127&rft.date=2017-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5439669%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28531170&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0177127&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017PLoSO..1277127F&rft.aulast=Fuss&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Spassov%2C+N&rft.au=Begun%2C+DR&rft.au=B%C3%B6hme%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5439669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomininae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goodman-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goodman_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodman1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Goodman_(scientist)" title="Morris Goodman (scientist)">Goodman M</a> (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8NHbEwLkYmQC&pg=PA204">"Man's place in the phylogeny of the primates as reflected in serum proteins"</a>. In Washburn SL (ed.). <i>Classification and Human Evolution</i>. 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(2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.37819%2Fbiosis.002.02.0104">"The evolution of brain size among the Homininae and selection at ASPM and MCPH1 genes"</a>. <i>Biosis: Biological Systems</i>. <b>2</b> (2): 293–310. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.37819%2Fbiosis.002.02.0104">10.37819/biosis.002.02.0104</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biosis%3A+Biological+Systems&rft.atitle=The+evolution+of+brain+size+among+the+Homininae+and+selection+at+ASPM+and+MCPH1+genes&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=293-310&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.37819%2Fbiosis.002.02.0104&rft.aulast=Leyva-Hern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.au=Fong-Zazueta%2C+Ricardo&rft.au=Medrano-Gonz%C3%A1lez%2C+Luis&rft.au=Aguirre-Samudio%2C+Ana+Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.37819%252Fbiosis.002.02.0104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomininae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=207598">"<i>Homininae</i>"</a>. <i>NCBI Taxonomy Browser</i>. 207598.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NCBI+Taxonomy+Browser&rft.atitle=Homininae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2FTaxonomy%2FBrowser%2Fwwwtax.cgi%3Fmode%3DInfo%26id%3D207598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomininae" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homininae&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">The Wikibook <i><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Dichotomous_Key" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Dichotomous Key">Dichotomous Key</a></i> has a page on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Dichotomous_Key/Homininae" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Dichotomous Key/Homininae">Homininae</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Homininae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Homininae">Homininae</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-evolution-timeline-interactive">Human Timeline (Interactive)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="National Museum of Natural History">National Museum of Natural History</a> (August 2016).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extant_species_of_family_Hominidae_(great_apes)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hominidae_nav" title="Template:Hominidae nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hominidae_nav" title="Template talk:Hominidae nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hominidae_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hominidae nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_species_of_family_Hominidae_(great_apes)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant species of family <a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae <small>(great apes)</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primates</a></li> <li>Suborder: <a href="/wiki/Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pongo(Orangutans)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><i><a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">Pongo</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969">(Orangutans)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_orangutan" title="Sumatran orangutan">Sumatran orangutan (<i>P. abelii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_orangutan" title="Bornean orangutan">Bornean orangutan (<i>P. pygmaeus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapanuli_orangutan" title="Tapanuli orangutan">Tapanuli orangutan (<i>P. tapanuliensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Homininae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><i><a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">Gorilla</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969">(Gorillas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_gorilla" title="Eastern gorilla">Eastern gorilla (<i>G. beringei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_gorilla" title="Western gorilla">Western gorilla (<i>G. gorilla</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">Pan</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonobo" title="Bonobo">Bonobo (<i>P. paniscus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">Chimpanzee (<i>P. troglodytes</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969">(Humans)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Human (<i>H. sapiens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Apes" title="Category:Apes">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apes" title="Template:Apes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apes" title="Template talk:Apes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">Apes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hominoids" title="List of hominoids">Extant<br /> ape species</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Human</a> (<i>H. sapiens</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">Pan</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonobo" title="Bonobo">Bonobo</a> (<i>P. paniscus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">Chimpanzee</a> (<i>P. troglodytes</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">Gorilla</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_gorilla" title="Eastern gorilla">Eastern gorilla</a> (<i>G. beringei</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_gorilla" title="Western gorilla">Western gorilla</a> (<i>G. gorilla</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">Orangutan</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_orangutan" title="Sumatran orangutan">Sumatran orangutan</a> (<i>P. abelii</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_orangutan" title="Bornean orangutan">Bornean orangutan</a> (<i>P. pygmaeus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapanuli_orangutan" title="Tapanuli orangutan">Tapanuli orangutan</a> (<i>P. tapanuliensis</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">Gibbon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a>: Hylobatidae)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg/100px-Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg/150px-Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg/200px-Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1509" data-file-height="706" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Study of apes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_ape_language" title="Great ape language">Great ape language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey">Dian Fossey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birut%C4%97_Galdikas" title="Birutė Galdikas">Birutė Galdikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee_genome_project" title="Chimpanzee genome project">Chimpanzee genome project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Kalema-Zikusoka" title="Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka">Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neanderthal_genome_project" title="Neanderthal genome project">Neanderthal genome project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Smits" title="Willie Smits">Willie Smits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Dr%C3%B8scher_Nielsen" title="Lone Drøscher Nielsen">Lone Drøscher Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Redmond" title="Ian Redmond">Ian Redmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Elgin Center">Elgin Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ape_Cognition_and_Conservation_Initiative" title="Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative">Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_Orangutan_Survival" title="Borneo Orangutan Survival">Borneo Orangutan Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_archaeology" title="Primate archaeology">Primate archaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Primate#Legal_and_social_status" title="Primate">Legal and<br />social status</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_ape_personhood" title="Great ape personhood">Personhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countries_banning_non-human_ape_experimentation" title="Countries banning non-human ape experimentation">Research ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa_Declaration_on_Great_Apes" title="Kinshasa Declaration on Great Apes">Kinshasa Declaration on Great Apes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Ape_Project" title="Great Ape Project">Great Ape Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Apes_Survival_Partnership" title="Great Apes Survival Partnership">Great Apes Survival Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Primate_Day" title="International Primate Day">International Primate Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonhuman_Rights_Project" title="Nonhuman Rights Project">Nonhuman Rights Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_apes" title="List of individual apes">List of individual apes</a> (non-human)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Apes in space</a> (non-human)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigfoot" title="Bigfoot">Bigfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushmeat" title="Bushmeat">Bushmeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor">Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorilla%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Gorilla–human last common ancestor">Gorilla–human last common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangutan%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Orangutan–human last common ancestor">Orangutan–human last common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbon%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Gibbon–human last common ancestor">Gibbon–human last common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_primates" title="List of fictional primates">List of fictional primates</a> (non-human)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Great apes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_evolution" title="Human evolution">Human evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_Day" title="Monkey Day">Monkey Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythic_humanoids" title="Mythic humanoids">Mythic humanoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeren" title="Yeren">Yeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeti" title="Yeti">Yeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yowie" title="Yowie">Yowie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Apes" title="Category:Apes">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Haplorhini" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Haplorhini" title="Template:Haplorhini"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Haplorhini" title="Template talk:Haplorhini"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Haplorhini" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Haplorhini"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Haplorhini" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Haplorhini" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="†&quot;Omomyidae&quot;" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr>"<a href="/wiki/Omomyidae" title="Omomyidae">Omomyidae</a>"</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Altanius" title="Altanius">Altanius</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Altiatlasius" title="Altiatlasius">Altiatlasius</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bownomomys" title="Bownomomys">Bownomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kohatius (page does not exist)">Kohatius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microchoerinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microchoerinae (page does not exist)">Microchoerinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indusomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indusomys (page does not exist)">Indusomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melaneremia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melaneremia (page does not exist)">Melaneremia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microchoerus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microchoerus (page does not exist)">Microchoerus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nannopithex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nannopithex (page does not exist)">Nannopithex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Necrolemur" title="Necrolemur">Necrolemur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraloris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraloris (page does not exist)">Paraloris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoloris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudoloris (page does not exist)">Pseudoloris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercyloris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quercyloris (page does not exist)">Quercyloris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vectipithex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vectipithex (page does not exist)">Vectipithex</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Anaptomorphinae" title="Anaptomorphinae">Anaptomorphinae</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absarokius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Absarokius (page does not exist)">Absarokius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anaptomorphus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anaptomorphus (page does not exist)">Anaptomorphus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anemorhysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anemorhysis (page does not exist)">Anemorhysis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arapahovius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arapahovius (page does not exist)">Arapahovius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aycrossia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aycrossia (page does not exist)">Aycrossia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlororhysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlororhysis (page does not exist)">Chlororhysis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazinius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazinius (page does not exist)">Gazinius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudotetonius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudotetonius (page does not exist)">Pseudotetonius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphacorhysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphacorhysis (page does not exist)">Sphacorhysis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strigorhysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strigorhysis (page does not exist)">Strigorhysis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatmanius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatmanius (page does not exist)">Tatmanius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teilhardina" title="Teilhardina">Teilhardina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetonius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetonius (page does not exist)">Tetonius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetonoides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetonoides (page does not exist)">Tetonoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trogolemur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trogolemur (page does not exist)">Trogolemur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walshina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walshina (page does not exist)">Walshina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Omomyinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omomyinae (page does not exist)">Omomyinae</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ageitodendron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ageitodendron (page does not exist)">Ageitodendron</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asiomomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asiomomys (page does not exist)">Asiomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brontomomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brontomomys (page does not exist)">Brontomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chipetaia" title="Chipetaia">Chipetaia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chumashius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chumashius (page does not exist)">Chumashius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diablomomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diablomomys (page does not exist)">Diablomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyseolemur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyseolemur (page does not exist)">Dyseolemur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekwiiyemakius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekwiiyemakius (page does not exist)">Ekwiiyemakius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunnelltarsius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunnelltarsius (page does not exist)">Gunnelltarsius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemiacodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemiacodon (page does not exist)">Hemiacodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jemezius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jemezius (page does not exist)">Jemezius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loveina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loveina (page does not exist)">Loveina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macrotarsius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macrotarsius (page does not exist)">Macrotarsius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nesomomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nesomomys (page does not exist)">Nesomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omomys (page does not exist)">Omomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ourayia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ourayia (page does not exist)">Ourayia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rooneyia" title="Rooneyia">Rooneyia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoshonius" title="Shoshonius">Shoshonius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steinius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steinius (page does not exist)">Steinius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stockia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stockia (page does not exist)">Stockia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uintanius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uintanius (page does not exist)">Uintanius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utahia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utahia (page does not exist)">Utahia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washakius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washakius (page does not exist)">Washakius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wyomomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wyomomys (page does not exist)">Wyomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaquius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaquius (page does not exist)">Yaquius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarkadectinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarkadectinae (page does not exist)">Tarkadectinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarka_(mammal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarka (mammal) (page does not exist)">Tarka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarkadectes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarkadectes (page does not exist)">Tarkadectes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarkops&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarkops (page does not exist)">Tarkops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tarsiiformes" title="Tarsiiformes">Tarsiiformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Archicebus" title="Archicebus">Archicebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><b><a href="/wiki/Afrotarsiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrotarsiidae">Afrotarsiidae</a></b>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><b>"<a href="/wiki/Omomyidae" title="Omomyidae">Omomyidae</a>"</b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tarsier" title="Tarsier">Tarsiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_tarsier" title="Philippine tarsier">Carlito</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horsfield%27s_tarsier" title="Horsfield's tarsier">Cephalopachus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hesperotarsius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hesperotarsius (page does not exist)">Hesperotarsius</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligotarsius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligotarsius (page does not exist)">Oligotarsius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarsius" title="Tarsius">Tarsius</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanthorhysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xanthorhysis (page does not exist)">Xanthorhysis</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Simian" title="Simian">Simiiformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TeilhardinaDB15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Teilhardina sp."><img alt="Teilhardina sp." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/TeilhardinaDB15.jpg/100px-TeilhardinaDB15.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/TeilhardinaDB15.jpg/150px-TeilhardinaDB15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/TeilhardinaDB15.jpg/200px-TeilhardinaDB15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Simiiformes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Simian" title="Simian">Simiiformes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Simiiformes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Simian" title="Simian">Simiiformes</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Altiatlasius" title="Altiatlasius">Altiatlasius</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amamria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amamria (page does not exist)">Amamria</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aseanpithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aseanpithecus (page does not exist)">Aseanpithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nosmips" title="Nosmips">Nosmips</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Phileosimias" title="Phileosimias">Phileosimias</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Afrotarsiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrotarsiidae">Afrotarsiidae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Afrasia_djijidae" title="Afrasia djijidae">Afrasia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Afrotarsius" title="Afrotarsius">Afrotarsius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Eosimiidae" title="Eosimiidae">Eosimiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahinia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahinia (page does not exist)">Bahinia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eosimias" title="Eosimias">Eosimias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phenacopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phenacopithecus (page does not exist)">Phenacopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Amphipithecidae" title="Amphipithecidae">Amphipithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amphipithecus" title="Amphipithecus">Amphipithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bugtipithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bugtipithecus (page does not exist)">Bugtipithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganlea" title="Ganlea">Ganlea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krabia (page does not exist)">Krabia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myanmarpithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myanmarpithecus (page does not exist)">Myanmarpithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondaungia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pondaungia (page does not exist)">Pondaungia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siamopithecus (page does not exist)">Siamopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Parapithecoidea" title="Parapithecoidea">Parapithecoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arsinoea" title="Arsinoea">Arsinoea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biretia" title="Biretia">Biretia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proteopithecidae" title="Proteopithecidae">Proteopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteopithecus (page does not exist)">Proteopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serapia_eocaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Serapia eocaena">Serapia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parapithecidae" title="Parapithecidae">Parapithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abuqatrania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abuqatrania (page does not exist)">Abuqatrania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apidium" title="Apidium">Apidium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parapithecus" title="Parapithecus">Parapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qatrania" title="Qatrania">Qatrania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ucayalipithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ucayalipithecus (page does not exist)">Ucayalipithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/New_World_monkey" title="New World monkey">Platyrrhini</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parvimico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parvimico (page does not exist)">Parvimico</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perupithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perupithecus (page does not exist)">Perupithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Szalatavus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Szalatavus (page does not exist)">Szalatavus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Canaanimico" title="Canaanimico">Canaanimico</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Branisella" title="Branisella">Branisella</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Lagonimico" title="Lagonimico">Lagonimico</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aotidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aotidae">Aotidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_monkey" title="Night monkey">Aotus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Tremacebus" title="Tremacebus">Tremacebus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pitheciidae" title="Pitheciidae">Pitheciidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Hispaniola_monkey" title="Hispaniola monkey">Antillothrix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uakari" title="Uakari">Cacajao</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callicebus" title="Callicebus">Callicebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlocebus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlocebus (page does not exist)">Carlocebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cebupithecia" title="Cebupithecia">Cebupithecia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cheracebus" title="Cheracebus">Cheracebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bearded_saki" title="Bearded saki">Chiropotes</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Homunculus_patagonicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Homunculus patagonicus">Homunculus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Insulacebus" title="Insulacebus">Insulacebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazzonicebus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazzonicebus (page does not exist)">Mazzonicebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Miocallicebus" title="Miocallicebus">Miocallicebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nuciruptor" title="Nuciruptor">Nuciruptor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saki_monkey" title="Saki monkey">Pithecia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plecturocebus" title="Plecturocebus">Plecturocebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteropithecia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteropithecia (page does not exist)">Proteropithecia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soriacebus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soriacebus (page does not exist)">Soriacebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_monkey" title="Jamaican monkey">Xenothrix</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atelidae" title="Atelidae">Atelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Howler_monkey" title="Howler monkey">Alouatta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spider_monkey" title="Spider monkey">Ateles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muriqui" title="Muriqui">Brachyteles</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Caipora_bambuiorum" title="Caipora bambuiorum">Caipora</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cartelles" title="Cartelles">Cartelles</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Chilecebus" title="Chilecebus">Chilecebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woolly_monkey" title="Woolly monkey">Lagothrix</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Mohanamico" title="Mohanamico">Mohanamico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yellow-tailed_woolly_monkey" title="Yellow-tailed woolly monkey">Oreonax</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Paralouatta" title="Paralouatta">Paralouatta</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Protopithecus" title="Protopithecus">Protopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Solimoea" title="Solimoea">Solimoea</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Stirtonia_(mammal)" title="Stirtonia (mammal)">Stirtonia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cebidae" title="Cebidae">Cebidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Acrecebus" title="Acrecebus">Acrecebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gracile_capuchin_monkey" title="Gracile capuchin monkey">Cebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Dolichocebus" title="Dolichocebus">Dolichocebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Killikaike" title="Killikaike">Killikaike</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Panamacebus" title="Panamacebus">Panamacebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Patasola_magdalenae" title="Patasola magdalenae">Patasola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Squirrel_monkey" title="Squirrel monkey">Saimiri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robust_capuchin_monkey" title="Robust capuchin monkey">Sapajus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Callitrichidae" title="Callitrichidae">Callitrichidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Goeldi%27s_marmoset" title="Goeldi's marmoset">Callimico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callithrix" title="Callithrix">Callithrix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_marmoset" title="Pygmy marmoset">Cebuella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saddle-back_tamarin" title="Saddle-back tamarin">Leontocebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lion_tamarin" title="Lion tamarin">Leontopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mico_(genus)" title="Mico (genus)">Mico</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Micodon" title="Micodon">Micodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamarin" title="Tamarin">Saguinus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Catarrhini" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catarrhini" title="Catarrhini">Catarrhini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EosimiasDB15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eosimias sinensis"><img alt="Eosimias sinensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EosimiasDB15.jpg/140px-EosimiasDB15.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EosimiasDB15.jpg/210px-EosimiasDB15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EosimiasDB15.jpg/280px-EosimiasDB15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1721" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Catarrhini" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catarrhini" title="Catarrhini">Catarrhini</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Catarrhini" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Catarrhini" title="Catarrhini">Catarrhini</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Micropithecus" title="Micropithecus">Micropithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Saadanius" title="Saadanius">Saadanius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Oligopithecidae" title="Oligopithecidae">Oligopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Catopithecus" title="Catopithecus">Catopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oligopithecus" title="Oligopithecus">Oligopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talahpithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talahpithecus (page does not exist)">Talahpithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Propliopithecoidea" title="Propliopithecoidea">Propliopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aegyptopithecus" title="Aegyptopithecus">Aegyptopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Propliopithecus" title="Propliopithecus">Propliopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Pliopithecoidea" title="Pliopithecoidea">Pliopithecoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krishnapithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krishnapithecus (page does not exist)">Krishnapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paidopithex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paidopithex (page does not exist)">Paidopithex</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kapi_ramnagarensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapi ramnagarensis">Kapi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pliopithecidae" title="Pliopithecidae">Pliopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Epipliopithecus" title="Epipliopithecus">Epipliopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pliopithecus" title="Pliopithecus">Pliopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dionysopithecidae" title="Dionysopithecidae">Dionysopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dionysopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dionysopithecus (page does not exist)">Dionysopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platodontopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platodontopithecus (page does not exist)">Platodontopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crouzeliinae" title="Crouzeliinae">Crouzeliidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anapithecus" title="Anapithecus">Anapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barberapithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barberapithecus (page does not exist)">Barberapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crouzelia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crouzelia (page does not exist)">Crouzelia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egarapithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egarapithecus (page does not exist)">Egarapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fanchangia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fanchangia (page does not exist)">Fanchangia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laccopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laccopithecus (page does not exist)">Laccopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plesiopliopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plesiopliopithecus (page does not exist)">Plesiopliopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pliobates" title="Pliobates">Pliobates</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Old_World_monkey" title="Old World monkey">Cercopithecoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Alophe" title="Alophe">Alophe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoriapithecidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victoriapithecidae (page does not exist)">Victoriapithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Noropithecus" title="Noropithecus">Noropithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nsungwepithecus" title="Nsungwepithecus">Nsungwepithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohylobates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prohylobates (page does not exist)">Prohylobates</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Victoriapithecus" title="Victoriapithecus">Victoriapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaltanpithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaltanpithecus (page does not exist)">Zaltanpithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colobinae" title="Colobinae">Colobinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cercopithecoides" title="Cercopithecoides">Cercopithecoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white_colobus" title="Black-and-white colobus">Colobus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Dolichopithecus" title="Dolichopithecus">Dolichopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuseracolobus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuseracolobus (page does not exist)">Kuseracolobus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Libypithecus" title="Libypithecus">Libypithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Mesopithecus" title="Mesopithecus">Mesopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Microcolobus" title="Microcolobus">Microcolobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proboscis_monkey" title="Proboscis monkey">Nasalis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Paracolobus" title="Paracolobus">Paracolobus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Parapresbytis" title="Parapresbytis">Parapresbytis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_colobus" title="Red colobus">Piliocolobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Presbytis" title="Presbytis">Presbytis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Olive_colobus" title="Olive colobus">Procolobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Douc" title="Douc">Pygathrix</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Rhinocolobus" title="Rhinocolobus">Rhinocolobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snub-nosed_monkey" title="Snub-nosed monkey">Rhinopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sawecolobus" title="Sawecolobus">Sawecolobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Semnopithecus" title="Semnopithecus">Semnopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pig-tailed_langur" title="Pig-tailed langur">Simias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trachypithecus" title="Trachypithecus">Trachypithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cercopithecinae" title="Cercopithecinae">Cercopithecinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cercopithecini" title="Cercopithecini">Cercopithecini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Allen%27s_swamp_monkey" title="Allen's swamp monkey">Allenopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allochrocebus" title="Allochrocebus">Allochrocebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guenon" title="Guenon">Cercopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chlorocebus" title="Chlorocebus">Chlorocebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erythrocebus" title="Erythrocebus">Erythrocebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talapoin" title="Talapoin">Miopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanopithecus (page does not exist)">Nanopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papionini" title="Papionini">Papionini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/White-eyelid_mangabey" title="White-eyelid mangabey">Cercocebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Dinopithecus" title="Dinopithecus">Dinopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Gorgopithecus" title="Gorgopithecus">Gorgopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crested_mangabey" title="Crested mangabey">Lophocebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macaque" title="Macaque">Macaca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandrillus" title="Mandrillus">Mandrillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baboon" title="Baboon">Papio</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Paradolichopithecus" title="Paradolichopithecus">Paradolichopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Parapapio" title="Parapapio">Parapapio</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pliopapio" title="Pliopapio">Pliopapio</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Procercocebus" title="Procercocebus">Procercocebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procynocephalus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procynocephalus (page does not exist)">Procynocephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kipunji" title="Kipunji">Rungwecebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soromandrillus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soromandrillus (page does not exist)">Soromandrillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theropithecus" title="Theropithecus">Theropithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hominoidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">Hominoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aegyptopithecus zeuxis"><img alt="Aegyptopithecus zeuxis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg/140px-Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg/210px-Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg/280px-Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="379" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Hominoidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">Hominoidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hominoidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">Hominoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Afropithecus" title="Afropithecus">Afropithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Ekembo" title="Ekembo">Ekembo</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Equatorius" title="Equatorius">Equatorius</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Griphopithecus" title="Griphopithecus">Griphopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kamoyapithecus" title="Kamoyapithecus">Kamoyapithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kenyapithecus" title="Kenyapithecus">Kenyapithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Morotopithecus" title="Morotopithecus">Morotopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nacholapithecus" title="Nacholapithecus">Nacholapithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Otavipithecus" title="Otavipithecus">Otavipithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Proconsul_(mammal)" title="Proconsul (mammal)">Proconsul</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Samburupithecus" title="Samburupithecus">Samburupithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Dendropithecidae" title="Dendropithecidae">Dendropithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dendropithecus" title="Dendropithecus">Dendropithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Micropithecus" title="Micropithecus">Micropithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nyanzapithecus" title="Nyanzapithecus">Nyanzapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreopithecus" title="Oreopithecus">Oreopithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rangwapithecus" title="Rangwapithecus">Rangwapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rukwapithecus" title="Rukwapithecus">Rukwapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Simiolus" title="Simiolus">Simiolus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkanapithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkanapithecus (page does not exist)">Turkanapithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">Hylobatidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Bunopithecus" title="Bunopithecus">Bunopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoolock_gibbon" title="Hoolock gibbon">Hoolock</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylobates" title="Hylobates">Hylobates</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Junzi_imperialis" title="Junzi imperialis">Junzi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomascus" title="Nomascus">Nomascus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang">Symphalangus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Yuanmoupithecus" title="Yuanmoupithecus">Yuanmoupithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Buronius" title="Buronius">Buronius</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Graecopithecus" title="Graecopithecus">Graecopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Ouranopithecus" title="Ouranopithecus">Ouranopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Ankarapithecus" title="Ankarapithecus">Ankarapithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Gigantopithecus" title="Gigantopithecus">Gigantopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Indopithecus" title="Indopithecus">Indopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Khoratpithecus" title="Khoratpithecus">Khoratpithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Lufengpithecus" title="Lufengpithecus">Lufengpithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Meganthropus" title="Meganthropus">Meganthropus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">Pongo</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sivapithecus" title="Sivapithecus">Sivapithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Homininae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Dryopithecini" title="Dryopithecini">Dryopithecini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anoiapithecus" title="Anoiapithecus">Anoiapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danuvius_guggenmosi" title="Danuvius guggenmosi">Danuvius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dryopithecus" title="Dryopithecus">Dryopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hispanopithecus" title="Hispanopithecus">Hispanopithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pierolapithecus" title="Pierolapithecus">Pierolapithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudapithecus" title="Rudapithecus">Rudapithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Chororapithecus" title="Chororapithecus">Chororapithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">Gorilla</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">Pan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hominina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominina">Hominina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus" title="Ardipithecus">Ardipithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Graecopithecus" title="Graecopithecus">Graecopithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kenyanthropus" title="Kenyanthropus">Kenyanthropus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Orrorin" title="Orrorin">Orrorin</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sahelanthropus" title="Sahelanthropus">Sahelanthropus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus" title="Paranthropus">Paranthropus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gigantopithecus.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gigantopithecus blacki"><img alt="Gigantopithecus blacki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gigantopithecus.png/140px-Gigantopithecus.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gigantopithecus.png/210px-Gigantopithecus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gigantopithecus.png/280px-Gigantopithecus.png 2x" data-file-width="2634" data-file-height="2123" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Homininae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242047" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q242047">Q242047</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Homininae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Homininae">Homininae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/JPH">JPH</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/52231771">52231771</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/846252">846252</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=943805">943805</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=207598">207598</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=83070">83070</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homininae&oldid=1253190516">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homininae&oldid=1253190516</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Homininae" title="Category:Homininae">Homininae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hominidae" 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