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id="toc-Mathematics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mathematics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Mathematics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mathematics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Physics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Computing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pipe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pipe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Pipe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pipe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disjunction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disjunction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Disjunction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disjunction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concatenation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concatenation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span> <span>Concatenation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concatenation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delimiter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delimiter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.4</span> <span>Delimiter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delimiter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Backus–Naur_form" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backus–Naur_form"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.5</span> <span>Backus–Naur form</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backus–Naur_form-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concurrency_operator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concurrency_operator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.6</span> <span>Concurrency operator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concurrency_operator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-APL" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#APL"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.7</span> <span>APL</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-APL-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_comprehensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_comprehensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.8</span> <span>List comprehensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_comprehensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Text_markup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Text_markup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.9</span> <span>Text markup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Text_markup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonetics_and_orthography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonetics_and_orthography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Phonetics and orthography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonetics_and_orthography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>Poetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>Notation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_scoring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_scoring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.3</span> <span>Music scoring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_scoring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Encoding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encoding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Encoding</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Encoding-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Encoding subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Encoding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Solid_vertical_bar_versus_broken_bar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solid_vertical_bar_versus_broken_bar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Solid vertical bar versus broken bar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solid_vertical_bar_versus_broken_bar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode_code_points" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode_code_points"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Unicode code points</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode_code_points-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Code_pages_and_other_historical_encodings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Code_pages_and_other_historical_encodings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Code pages and other historical encodings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Code_pages_and_other_historical_encodings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="شريط عمودي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شريط عمودي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Вэртыкальная рыса – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вэртыкальная рыса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra_vertical" title="Barra vertical – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Barra vertical" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svisl%C3%A1_%C4%8D%C3%A1ra" title="Svislá čára – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svislá čára" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodret_streg" title="Lodret streg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lodret streg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senkrechter_Strich" title="Senkrechter Strich – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Senkrechter Strich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleca" title="Pleca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pleca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="خط عمودی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خط عمودی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barre_verticale" title="Barre verticale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Barre verticale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra_vertical" title="Barra vertical – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Barra vertical" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%A7%81%EC%84%A0_(%EA%B8%B0%ED%98%B8)" title="수직선 (기호) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수직선 (기호)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Կանգնակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կանգնակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra_verticale" title="Barra verticale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Barra verticale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%91" title="קו ניצב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קו ניצב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertikalusis_br%C5%ABk%C5%A1nys" title="Vertikalusis brūkšnys – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vertikalusis brūkšnys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluisteken" title="Sluisteken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sluisteken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC" title="バーティカルバー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バーティカルバー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loddrett_strek" title="Loddrett strek – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Loddrett strek" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreska_pionowa" title="Kreska pionowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kreska pionowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra_vertical" title="Barra vertical – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Barra vertical" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Вертикальная черта – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вертикальная черта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vertical bar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokon%C4%8Dnica" title="Pokončnica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pokončnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pystyviiva" title="Pystyviiva – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pystyviiva" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodstreck" title="Lodstreck – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lodstreck" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%8C" title="ไพป์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไพป์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вертикальна риска – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вертикальна риска" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%A5u_thanh_d%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Dấu thanh dọc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dấu thanh dọc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%9F%E7%B7%9A" title="棟線 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="棟線" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%8E%E7%B7%9A" title="豎線 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="豎線" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Typographic symbol ( | )</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Vertical bar (disambiguation)">Vertical bar (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="max-width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #ccc; font-size: 500%; line-height:1.3; font-weight:normal; font-family:'times new roman', times, georgia, serif, sans-serif;">|</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;"><div style="background: #ccc; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.1em 0.25em 0.2em; line-height: 1.2em;">Vertical bar</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+007C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">|</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">VERTICAL LINE</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&verbar;, &vert;, &VerticalLine;</span>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;">Related</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">See also</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+00A6</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">¦</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="#Solid_vertical_bar_versus_broken_bar">BROKEN BAR</a></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&brvbar;</span>)<br /> <p><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2016</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">‖</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="#Mathematics">DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE</a></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&Verbar;, &Vert;</span>)<br /> </p> <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2223</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">∣</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Divisibility" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisibility">DIVIDES</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>vertical bar</b>, <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">|</span>, is a <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyph</a> with various uses in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typography</a>. It has many names, often related to particular meanings: <a href="/wiki/Sheffer_stroke" title="Sheffer stroke">Sheffer stroke</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_logic" title="Mathematical logic">logic</a>), <b>pipe</b>, <b>bar</b>, <b>or</b> (literally, the word "or"), <b>vbar</b>, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mathematics">Mathematics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mathematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vertical bar is used as a <a href="/wiki/Table_of_mathematical_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Table of mathematical symbols">mathematical symbol</a> in numerous ways. If used as a pair of brackets, it suggests the notion of the word "size". These are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_value" title="Absolute value">absolute value</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |x|}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |x|}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4eb41e5fd5dc37eaa1718dfbf4bc082edb991936" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.623ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |x|}"></span>, read "the <i>absolute value</i> of <i>x</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinality" title="Cardinality">cardinality</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |S|}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |S|}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/28d901e98a035ff4c0e37fe6dd8e750ece6c1f0b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.793ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |S|}"></span>, read "the <i>cardinality</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Set_(mathematics)" title="Set (mathematics)">set</a> <i>S</i>" or "the <i>length</i> of a <a href="/wiki/String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">string</a> <i>S</i>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Determinant" title="Determinant">determinant</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |A|}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |A|}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/648fce92f29d925f04d39244ccfe435320dfc6de" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.037ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |A|}"></span>, read "the <i>determinant</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">matrix</a> <i>A</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the matrix entries are written out, the determinant is denoted by surrounding the matrix entries by vertical bars instead of the usual brackets or parentheses of the matrix, as in <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{vmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{vmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>a</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>b</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>c</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>d</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>|</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{vmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{vmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5a5ef7a2951a25998b0956ddd5dc739263d37a4b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:6.813ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{vmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{vmatrix}}}"></span>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(group_theory)#Class_equation" title="Order (group theory)">order</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |G|}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |G|}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8258bc41edeb87bfbc8cba8367f29838c0eddc1c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.12ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |G|}"></span>, read "the <i>order</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Group_(mathematics)" title="Group (mathematics)">group</a> <i>G</i>", or <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |g|}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |g|}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/503ed17bac4479bcd9890c3761308c77bfcb0abc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.41ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |g|}"></span>, "the <i>order</i> of the element <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g\in G}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>g</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>G</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g\in G}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b1be73903416a0dd94b8cbc2268ce480810c0e62" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.783ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g\in G}"></span>"</li></ul> <p>Likewise, the vertical bar is also used singly in many different ways: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conditional_probability" title="Conditional probability">conditional probability</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P(X|Y)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>Y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P(X|Y)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/38c2f827fbc72053662e88bb04636eca0fc5cd0f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.955ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P(X|Y)}"></span>, read "the <a href="/wiki/Probability" title="Probability">probability</a> of <i>X</i> <i>given</i> <i>Y</i>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distance" title="Distance">distance</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P|ab}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P|ab}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1deca1d51f7ea927224a29c255dac8c8386ca705" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.62ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P|ab}"></span>, denoting the shortest <i>distance</i> between point <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4dc73bf40314945ff376bd363916a738548d40a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.745ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P}"></span> to line <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ab}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ab}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/49337c5cf256196e2292f7047cb5da68c24ca95d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.227ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ab}"></span>, so line <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P|ab}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P|ab}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1deca1d51f7ea927224a29c255dac8c8386ca705" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.62ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P|ab}"></span> is perpendicular to line <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ab}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ab}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/49337c5cf256196e2292f7047cb5da68c24ca95d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.227ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ab}"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisibility" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisibility">divisibility</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\mid b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo>∣</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\mid b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/70ab1c16db0f00b6cc26bcd7dae49514f5aadfff" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.165ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\mid b}"></span>, read "<i>a</i> <i>divides</i> <i>b</i>" or "<i>a</i> is a <i>factor</i> of <i>b</i>", though Unicode also provides special 'divides' and 'does not divide' symbols (U+2223 and U+2224:∣, ∤)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Function_(mathematics)" title="Function (mathematics)">function</a> evaluation: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)|_{x=4}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)|_{x=4}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1d839c532708e56897b2f9607fb5f72ab3e41af3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.337ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)|_{x=4}}"></span>, read "<i>f</i> of <i>x</i>, evaluated at <i>x</i> equals 4" (see <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Advanced_Mathematics#Subscripts_and_superscripts" class="extiw" title="b:LaTeX/Advanced Mathematics">subscripts</a> at Wikibooks)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restriction_(mathematics)" title="Restriction (mathematics)">restriction</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f|_{A}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f|_{A}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/717abad132f2fe4244a97fda2a6fdbebd803aa13" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.39ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f|_{A}}"></span>, denoting the <i>restriction</i> of the function <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}"></span>, with a domain that is a superset of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span>, to just <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set-builder_notation" title="Set-builder notation">set-builder notation</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{x|x<2\}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{x|x<2\}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/71c9de477455e42af47732b131c69d4112d5f09b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.892ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{x|x<2\}}"></span>, read "the set of <i>x</i> <i>such that</i> <i>x</i> is <a href="/wiki/Less_than" class="mw-redirect" title="Less than">less than</a> two". Often, a <a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a> ':' is used instead of a vertical bar</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Sheffer_stroke" title="Sheffer stroke">Sheffer stroke</a> in <a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">logic</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a|b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a|b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e801f5cb365c0f6ecd505ba404220ee7c1c43a11" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.874ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a|b}"></span>, read "<i>a</i> <i>nand</i> <i>b</i>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subtraction" title="Subtraction">subtraction</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)\vert _{a}^{b}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <msubsup> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">|</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)\vert _{a}^{b}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/636e1910bcf5f5adf28819d4fa2108195b5458e8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.166ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)\vert _{a}^{b}}"></span>, read "<i>f(x)</i> <i>from</i> <i>a</i> <i>to</i> <i>b</i>", denoting <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(b)-f(a)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(b)-f(a)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/00c225287e5e23ab02d187bacf055973afc97c96" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.244ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(b)-f(a)}"></span>. Used in the context of a definite integral with variable <i>x</i>.</li> <li>A vertical bar can be used to separate variables from fixed parameters in a function, for example <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x|\mu ,\sigma )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>σ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x|\mu ,\sigma )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26c02a082a2989805a4050d9f403385553d46d08" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.83ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x|\mu ,\sigma )}"></span>, or in the notation for <a href="/wiki/Elliptic_integrals" class="mw-redirect" title="Elliptic integrals">elliptic integrals</a>.</li></ul> <p>The <b>double vertical bar</b>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \|}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \|}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e255cbbb457d7ea0755f9ef09aeaf29995e5d980" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.162ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \|}"></span>, is also employed in mathematics. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_(geometry)" title="Parallel (geometry)">parallelism</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle AB\parallel CD}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mi>B</mi> <mo>∥</mo> <mi>C</mi> <mi>D</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle AB\parallel CD}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4604e0c72f8efbce903322cf4cb947e89e11257e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.65ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle AB\parallel CD}"></span>, read "the line <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle AB}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle AB}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b04153f9681e5b06066357774475c04aaef3a8bd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.507ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle AB}"></span> <i>is parallel to</i> the line <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle CD}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mi>D</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle CD}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fa9669379a3a9b8c55e7876c2371ccbc6e21b654" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.691ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle CD}"></span>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_(mathematics)" title="Norm (mathematics)">norm</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \|A\|}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \|A\|}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7dee3aff0e214cf2de648b54182a2196cb8ae61b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.068ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \|A\|}"></span>, read "the <i>norm</i> (length, size, magnitude etc.) of the matrix <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span>". The norm of a one-dimensional <a href="/wiki/Vector_space" title="Vector space">vector</a> is the absolute value and single bars are used.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Propositional truncation</b>: (a <a href="/wiki/Type_theory" title="Type theory">type</a> former that truncates a type down to a <a href="/wiki/Proposition_(logic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposition (logic)">mere proposition</a> in <a href="/wiki/Homotopy_type_theory" title="Homotopy type theory">homotopy type theory</a>): for any <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a:A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a:A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9eeecdaeac1a2f2c34c68ae789eb28cce95a1f5d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.91ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a:A}"></span> (read "term <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}"></span> of type <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span>") we have <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |a|:\left\|A\right\|}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <mrow> <mo symmetric="true">‖</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo symmetric="true">‖</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |a|:\left\|A\right\|}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1a10482bbea0af42e7a28a44dfa1f5bc73d308ae" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.529ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |a|:\left\|A\right\|}"></span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (here <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |a|}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |a|}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8b61d5baa05004815f3abc52f517ce62b609b9b6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.523ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |a|}"></span> reads "<i><a href="/wiki/Image_(mathematics)" title="Image (mathematics)">image</a></i> of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a:A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a:A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9eeecdaeac1a2f2c34c68ae789eb28cce95a1f5d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.91ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a:A}"></span> in <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left\|A\right\|}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo symmetric="true">‖</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo symmetric="true">‖</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left\|A\right\|}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/292949a1c641b7855b7006f06c5eece20a86392e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.068ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left\|A\right\|}"></span>" and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |a|:\left\|A\right\|}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <mrow> <mo symmetric="true">‖</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo symmetric="true">‖</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |a|:\left\|A\right\|}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1a10482bbea0af42e7a28a44dfa1f5bc73d308ae" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.529ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |a|:\left\|A\right\|}"></span> reads "<i>propositional truncation</i> of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span>")<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In LaTeX <a href="/wiki/TeX#math_mode" title="TeX">mathematical mode</a>, the ASCII vertical bar produces a vertical line, and <code>\|</code> creates a double vertical line (<code>a | b \| c</code> is set as <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a|b\|c}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a|b\|c}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8b99098a5f34b56d3793482341bd661ad67914de" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.044ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a|b\|c}"></span>). This has different spacing from <code>\mid</code> and <code>\parallel</code>, which are <a href="/wiki/Relational_operator" title="Relational operator">relational operators</a>: <code>a \mid b \parallel c</code> is set as <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\mid b\parallel c}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo>∣</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>∥</mo> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\mid b\parallel c}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b51623e10c2122d779090c11aae7e796782d20b4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.624ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\mid b\parallel c}"></span>. See below about <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a> in text mode. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In chemistry, the vertical line is used in <a href="/wiki/Cell_notation" title="Cell notation">cell notation</a> of electrochemical cells. </p><p>Example, </p><p>Zn | Zn<sup>2+</sup> || Cu<sup>2+</sup> | Cu </p><p>Single vertical lines show components of the cell which do not mix, usually being in different phases. The double vertical line ( || ) is used to represent salt bridge; which is used to allow free moving ions to move. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physics">Physics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Physics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vertical bar is used in <a href="/wiki/Bra%E2%80%93ket_notation" title="Bra–ket notation">bra–ket notation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quantum_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantum physics">quantum physics</a>. Examples: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |\psi \rangle }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>ψ</mi> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |\psi \rangle }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cc27f1893b769a08cd6b296e115a29e61cab675e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.065ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |\psi \rangle }"></span>: the quantum physical state <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \psi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ψ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \psi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/45e5789e5d9c8f7c79744f43ecaaf8ba42a8553a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.513ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \psi }"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle \psi |}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨</mo> <mi>ψ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle \psi |}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d787823b57ed5783859bc23b2428db128fb2306e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.065ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle \psi |}"></span>: the <a href="/wiki/Dual_space" title="Dual space">dual state</a> corresponding to the state above</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle \psi |\rho \rangle }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨</mo> <mi>ψ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle \psi |\rho \rangle }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/57c748d2892c8bf723f87ba19f917df4429bc841" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.171ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle \psi |\rho \rangle }"></span>: the <a href="/wiki/Inner_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner product">inner product</a> of states <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \psi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ψ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \psi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/45e5789e5d9c8f7c79744f43ecaaf8ba42a8553a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.513ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \psi }"></span> and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f7d439671d1289b6a816e6af7a304be40608d64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.202ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho }"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supergroup_(physics)" title="Supergroup (physics)">Supergroups in physics</a> are denoted <i>G</i>(<i>N</i>|<i>M</i>), which reads "<i>G</i>, <i>M</i> vertical bar <i>N</i>"; here <i>G</i> denotes any supergroup, <i>M</i> denotes the <a href="/wiki/Bosonic_dimensions" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosonic dimensions">bosonic dimensions</a>, and <i>N</i> denotes the <a href="/wiki/Grassmann_dimensions" class="mw-redirect" title="Grassmann dimensions">Grassmann dimensions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computing">Computing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Computing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pipe">Pipe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pipe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_(Unix)" title="Pipeline (Unix)">Pipeline (Unix)</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Pipe_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipe (Unix)">pipe</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Inter-process_communication" title="Inter-process communication">inter-process communication</a> mechanism originating in <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>, which directs the output (standard out and, optionally, standard error) of one process to the input (standard in) of another. In this way, a series of commands can be "piped" together, giving users the ability to quickly perform complex multi-stage processing from the <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command line</a> or as part of a <a href="/wiki/UNIX_shell_script" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX shell script">Unix shell script</a> ("bash file"). In most <a href="/wiki/Unix_shell" title="Unix shell">Unix shells</a> (command interpreters), this is represented by the vertical bar character. For example: </p><p><code> <a href="/wiki/Grep" title="Grep">grep</a> -i 'blair' filename.log | <a href="/wiki/More_(command)#Unix" title="More (command)">more</a> </code> </p><p>where the output from the <kbd>grep</kbd> process (all lines containing 'blair') is piped to the <kbd>more</kbd> process (which allows a command line user to read through results one page at a time). </p><p>The same "pipe" feature is also found in later versions of <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a> and Microsoft Windows. </p><p>This usage has led to the character itself being called "pipe". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Disjunction">Disjunction</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Disjunction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In many programming languages, the vertical bar is used to designate the <a href="/wiki/Logical_disjunction" title="Logical disjunction">logic operation <i>or</i></a>, either <a href="/wiki/Bitwise_operation" title="Bitwise operation">bitwise</a> <i>or</i> or <a href="/wiki/Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">logical</a> <i>or</i>. </p><p>Specifically, in <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> and other languages following <a href="/wiki/C_syntax" title="C syntax">C syntax</a> conventions, such as <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> and <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a>, <code>a | b</code> denotes a <a href="/wiki/Bitwise_operation#OR" title="Bitwise operation">bitwise <i>or</i></a>; whereas a double vertical bar <code>a || b</code> denotes a (<a href="/wiki/Minimal_evaluation" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimal evaluation">short-circuited</a>) <a href="/wiki/Logical_disjunction" title="Logical disjunction">logical <i>or</i></a>. Since the character was originally not available in all <a href="/wiki/Code_page" title="Code page">code pages</a> and keyboard layouts, <a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">ANSI C</a> can transcribe it in form of the <a href="/wiki/C_trigraph" class="mw-redirect" title="C trigraph">trigraph</a> <code>??!</code>, which, outside string literals, is equivalent to the <code>|</code> character. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Regular_expression" title="Regular expression">regular expression</a> syntax, the vertical bar again indicates logical <i>or</i> (<a href="/wiki/Alternation_(formal_language_theory)" title="Alternation (formal language theory)">alternation</a>). For example: the Unix command <code><a href="/wiki/Grep" title="Grep">grep</a> -E 'fu|bar'</code> matches lines containing 'fu' or 'bar'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Concatenation">Concatenation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Concatenation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The double vertical bar operator "||" denotes <a href="/wiki/String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">string</a> <a href="/wiki/Concatenation" title="Concatenation">concatenation</a> in <a href="/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I">PL/I</a>, standard <a href="/wiki/ANSI_SQL" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI SQL">ANSI SQL</a>, and theoretical computer science (particularly <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptography</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Delimiter">Delimiter</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Delimiter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although not as common as commas or tabs, the vertical bar can be used as a <a href="/wiki/Delimiter" title="Delimiter">delimiter</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Flat_file" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat file">flat file</a>. Examples of a <a href="/wiki/Pipe_delimited" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipe delimited">pipe-delimited</a> standard data format are <a href="/wiki/LEDES" class="mw-redirect" title="LEDES">LEDES</a> 1998B and <a href="/wiki/HL7" class="mw-redirect" title="HL7">HL7</a>. It is frequently used because vertical bars are typically uncommon in the data itself. </p><p>Similarly, the vertical bar may see use as a delimiter for <a href="/wiki/Regular_expression" title="Regular expression">regular expression</a> operations (e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Sed" title="Sed">sed</a>). This is useful when the regular expression contains instances of the more common forward slash (<code>/</code>) delimiter; using a vertical bar eliminates the need to escape all instances of the forward slash. However, this makes the bar unusable as the regular expression "alternative" operator. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Backus–Naur_form"><span id="Backus.E2.80.93Naur_form"></span>Backus–Naur form</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Backus–Naur form"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Backus%E2%80%93Naur_form" title="Backus–Naur form">Backus–Naur form</a>, an expression consists of sequences of symbols and/or sequences separated by '|', indicating a <a href="/wiki/Alternation_(formal_language_theory)" title="Alternation (formal language theory)">choice</a>, the whole being a possible substitution for the symbol on the left. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bnf mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p"><</span><span class="nc">personal-name</span><span class="p">></span> <span class="o">::=</span> <span class="p"><</span><span class="nc">name</span><span class="p">></span> | <span class="p"><</span><span class="nc">initial</span><span class="p">></span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Concurrency_operator">Concurrency operator</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Concurrency operator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In calculi of communicating processes (like <a href="/wiki/Pi-calculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pi-calculus">pi-calculus</a>), the vertical bar is used to indicate that processes execute in parallel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="APL">APL</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: APL"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pipe in <a href="/wiki/APL_(programming_language)" title="APL (programming language)">APL</a> is the modulo or <i>residue</i> function between two operands and the absolute value function next to one operand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_comprehensions">List comprehensions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: List comprehensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_comprehensions" class="mw-redirect" title="List comprehensions">List comprehensions</a></div> <p>The vertical bar is used for list comprehensions in some functional languages, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Haskell_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haskell (programming language)">Haskell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang</a>. Compare <a href="#Mathematics">set-builder notation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Text_markup">Text markup</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Text markup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vertical bar is used as a special character in <a href="/wiki/Lightweight_markup_language" title="Lightweight markup language">lightweight markup languages</a>, notably <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Wikitext" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikitext">Wikitext</a> (in the templates and internal links). </p><p>In LaTeX text mode, the vertical bar produces an <a href="/wiki/Em_dash" class="mw-redirect" title="Em dash">em dash</a> (—). The <code>\textbar</code> command can be used to produce a vertical bar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phonetics_and_orthography">Phonetics and orthography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Phonetics and orthography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Khoisan_languages" title="Khoisan languages">Khoisan languages</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a>, the vertical bar is used to write the <a href="/wiki/Dental_click" title="Dental click">dental click</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ǀ</span>). A double vertical bar is used to write the <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral click">alveolar lateral click</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ǁ</span>). Since these are technically letters, they have their own <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> code points in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Extended-B" title="Latin Extended-B">Latin Extended-B</a> range: U+01C0 for the single bar and U+01C1 for the double bar. </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Caucasian_languages" title="Northwest Caucasian languages">Northwest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Caucasian_languages" title="Northeast Caucasian languages">Northeast Caucasian languages</a> written in the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a> have a vertical bar called <a href="/wiki/Palochka" title="Palochka">palochka</a> (Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">палочка</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a></small> 'little stick'), indicating the preceding consonant is an <a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">ejective</a>. </p><p>Longer single and double vertical bars are used to mark <a href="/wiki/Prosody_(linguistics)" title="Prosody (linguistics)">prosodic</a> boundaries in the IPA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Punctuation"></span><span class="anchor" id="Period"></span><span class="anchor" id="Comma"></span> </p><p>In medieval European manuscripts, a single vertical bar was a common variant of the <a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">virgula</a> <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki//" class="mw-redirect" title="/">/</a></span> used as a <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-verg_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Caesura" title="Caesura">caesura</a> mark.<sup id="cite_ref-verg_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Indian languages</a>, a single vertical mark, a <a href="/wiki/Danda" title="Danda">danda</a>, has a similar function as a period (full stop). Two bars || (a 'double danda') is the equivalent of a <a href="/wiki/Pilcrow" title="Pilcrow">pilcrow</a> in marking the end of a <a href="/wiki/Stanza" title="Stanza">stanza</a>, paragraph or section. The danda has its own Unicode code point, U+0964. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Poetry">Poetry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Caesura"></span>A double vertical bar <span class="nowrap">⟨||⟩</span> or <span class="nowrap">⟨ǁ⟩</span> is the standard <b>caesura mark</b> in English <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">literary criticism</a> and analysis. It marks the strong break or <a href="/wiki/Caesura" title="Caesura">caesura</a> common to many forms of <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Old_English_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English poetry">Old English verse</a>. It is also traditionally used to mark the division between lines of verse printed as prose (the style preferred by <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>), though it is now often replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Forward_slash" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward slash">forward slash</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <span class="anchor" id="Bible"></span><span class="anchor" id="Bibles"></span><span class="anchor" id="Biblical"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notation">Notation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Bible" title="Geneva Bible">Geneva Bible</a> and early printings of the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a>, a double vertical bar is used to mark <a href="/wiki/Marginalia" title="Marginalia">margin notes</a> that contain an alternative translation from the original text. These margin notes always begin with the conjunction "Or". In later printings of the King James Version, the double vertical bar is irregularly used to mark any comment in the margins. </p><p>A double vertical bar symbol may be used to call out a <a href="/wiki/Footnote" class="mw-redirect" title="Footnote">footnote</a>. (The traditional order of these symbols in English is <a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">*</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagger_(mark)" title="Dagger (mark)">†</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagger_(mark)" title="Dagger (mark)">‡</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_sign" title="Section sign">§</a>, ‖, <a href="/wiki/Pilcrow" title="Pilcrow">¶</a>, so its use is very rare; in modern usage, numbers and letters are preferred for <a href="/wiki/Note_(typography)" title="Note (typography)">endnotes and footnotes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Music_scoring">Music scoring</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Music scoring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sheet_music" title="Sheet music">Sheet music</a></div> <p>In music, when writing chord sheets, single vertical bars associated with a colon (|: A / / / :|) represents the beginning and end of a section (e.g. Intro, Interlude, Verse, Chorus) of music.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Single bars can also represent the beginning and end of measures (|: A / / / | D / / / | E / / / :|). A double vertical bar associated with a colon can represent the repeat of a given section (||: A / / / :|| - play twice).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Encoding">Encoding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Encoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solid_vertical_bar_versus_broken_bar">Solid vertical bar versus broken bar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Solid vertical bar versus broken bar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dot_printer_ASCII0x7C%2B.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Dot_printer_ASCII0x7C%2B.png/320px-Dot_printer_ASCII0x7C%2B.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Dot_printer_ASCII0x7C%2B.png/480px-Dot_printer_ASCII0x7C%2B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Dot_printer_ASCII0x7C%2B.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>The code point 124 (7C <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a>) is occupied by a broken bar in a <a href="/wiki/Dot_matrix_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Dot matrix printer">dot matrix printer</a> of the late 1980s, which apparently lacks a solid vertical bar. See the <a href="/wiki/File:Dot_printer_ASCII.png" title="File:Dot printer ASCII.png">full picture</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many early video terminals and <a href="/wiki/Dot-matrix_printers" class="mw-redirect" title="Dot-matrix printers">dot-matrix printers</a> rendered the vertical bar character as the <a href="/wiki/Allograph" title="Allograph">allograph</a> <b>broken bar</b> <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">¦</span>. This may have been to distinguish the character from the lower-case 'L' and the upper-case '<span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">I</span>' on these limited-resolution devices, and to make a vertical line of them look more like a horizontal line of dashes. It was also (briefly) part of the <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> standard. </p><p>An initial draft for a 7-bit character set that was published by the X3.2 subcommittee for Coded Character Sets and Data Format on June 8, 1961, was the first to include the vertical bar in a standard set. The bar was intended to be used as the representation for the <a href="/wiki/Logical_OR" class="mw-redirect" title="Logical OR">logical OR</a> symbol.<sup id="cite_ref-evolutionchar_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evolutionchar-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A subsequent draft on May 12, 1966, places the vertical bar in column 7 alongside regional entry codepoints, and formed the basis for the original draft proposal used by the <a href="/wiki/International_Standards_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standards Organisation">International Standards Organisation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-evolutionchar_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evolutionchar-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This draft received opposition from the <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> user group <a href="/wiki/SHARE_(computing)" title="SHARE (computing)">SHARE</a>, with its chairman, H. W. Nelson, writing a letter to the <a href="/wiki/American_Standards_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="American Standards Association">American Standards Association</a> titled "The Proposed revised American Standard Code for Information Interchange does NOT meet the needs of computer programmers!"; in this letter, he argues that no characters within the international subset designated at columns 2-5 of the character set would be able to adequately represent logical OR and <a href="/wiki/Negation" title="Negation">logical NOT</a> in languages such as IBM's <a href="/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I">PL/I</a> universally on all platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a compromise, a requirement was introduced where the <a href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" title="Exclamation mark">exclamation mark</a> (!) and <a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a> (^) would display as logical OR (|) and logical NOT (¬) respectively in use cases such as programming, while outside of these use cases they would represent their original typographic symbols: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"It may be desirable to employ distinctive styling to facilitate their use for specific purposes as, for example, to stylize the graphics in code positions 2/1 and 5/14 to those frequently associated with logical OR (|) and logical NOT (¬) respectively."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>X3.2 document X3.2/475<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The original vertical bar encoded at 0x7C in the original May 12, 1966 draft was then broken as <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">¦</span>, so it could not be confused with the unbroken logical OR. In the 1967 revision of ASCII, along with the equivalent ISO 464 code published the same year, the code point was defined to be a broken vertical bar, and the exclamation mark character was allowed to be rendered as a solid vertical bar.<sup id="cite_ref-Salste_2016_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salste_2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Korpela_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korpela-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the 1977 revision (ANSI X.3-1977) undid the changes made in the 1967 revision, enforcing that the circumflex could no longer be stylised as a logical NOT symbol, the exclamation mark likewise no longer allowing stylisation as a vertical bar, and defining the code point originally set to the broken bar as a solid vertical bar instead;<sup id="cite_ref-Salste_2016_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salste_2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the same changes were also reverted in ISO 646-1973 published four years prior. </p><p>Some variants of <a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> included both versions of the character as different code points. The broad implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Extended_ASCII" title="Extended ASCII">extended ASCII</a> <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a> series in the 1990s also made a distinction between the two forms. This was preserved in Unicode as a separate character at U+00A6 <small>BROKEN BAR</small> (the term "parted rule" is used sometimes in Unicode documentation). Some fonts draw the characters the same (both are solid vertical bars, or both are broken vertical bars).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (July 2020)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Left_side_of_modern_US-International_keyboard.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Left_side_of_modern_US-International_keyboard.JPG/220px-Left_side_of_modern_US-International_keyboard.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Left_side_of_modern_US-International_keyboard.JPG/330px-Left_side_of_modern_US-International_keyboard.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Left_side_of_modern_US-International_keyboard.JPG/440px-Left_side_of_modern_US-International_keyboard.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2120" /></a><figcaption>US International keyboard showing broken bar on the keycap, even though pressing <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ <a href="/wiki/Shift_key" title="Shift key">Shift</a></kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">\</kbd> produces the solid vertical bar.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Codepage-437.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Codepage-437.png" decoding="async" width="304" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="144" /></a><figcaption>Full character set of IBM's <a href="/wiki/Code_page_437" title="Code page 437">Code page 437</a> rendered in VGA, which displays the broken bar glyph for codepoint 7C, despite the 1977 revision to ASCII</figcaption></figure> <p>Many keyboards with US, US-International, and German <a href="/wiki/QWERTZ_keyboard_layout" class="mw-redirect" title="QWERTZ keyboard layout">QWERTZ</a> layout display the broken bar on a keycap even though the solid vertical bar character is produced. This is a legacy of keyboards manufactured during the 1980s and 1990s for <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatible</a> computers, as the IBM PC continued to display the glyph for the broken bar at codepoint 7C on displays from <a href="/wiki/IBM_Monochrome_Display_Adapter" title="IBM Monochrome Display Adapter">MDA</a> (1981) to <a href="/wiki/Video_Graphics_Array" title="Video Graphics Array">VGA</a> (1987) despite the changes made to ASCII in 1977. The UK/Ireland keyboard has both symbols engraved: the broken bar is given as an <a href="/wiki/Alternate_graphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternate graphic">alternate graphic</a> on the "grave" (<a href="/wiki/Backtick" title="Backtick">backtick</a>) key; the solid bar is on the <a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">backslash</a> key. </p><p>The broken bar character can be typed (depending on the layout) as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AltGr" class="mw-redirect" title="AltGr">AltGr</a></kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">`</kbd> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">AltGr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">6</kbd> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">AltGr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">\</kbd> on Windows and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Compose_key" title="Compose key">Compose</a></kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">!</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">^</kbd> on Linux. It can be inserted into HTML as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">&brvbar;</code> </p><p>The broken bar does not appear to have any clearly identified uses distinct from those of the vertical bar.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In non-computing use — for example in mathematics, physics and general typography — the broken bar is not an acceptable substitute for the vertical bar. In some dictionaries, the broken bar is used to mark stress that may be either primary or secondary: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[¦ba]</span> covers the pronunciations <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈba]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˌba]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unicode_code_points">Unicode code points</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Unicode code points"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These glyphs are encoded in Unicode as follows: </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+007C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">|</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">VERTICAL LINE</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&verbar;, &vert;, &VerticalLine;</span>) (single vertical line)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+00A6</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">¦</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BROKEN BAR</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&brvbar;</span>) (single broken line)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2016</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">‖</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&Verbar;, &Vert;</span>) (double vertical line ( <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \|}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \|}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e255cbbb457d7ea0755f9ef09aeaf29995e5d980" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.162ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \|}"></span> ): used in pairs to indicate <a href="/wiki/Norm_(mathematics)" title="Norm (mathematics)">norm</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FF5C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">｜</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">FULLWIDTH VERTICAL LINE</span> (<a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms" title="Halfwidth and fullwidth forms">Fullwidth form</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFE4</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">￤</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">FULLWIDTH BROKEN BAR</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2225</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">∥</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Parallel_(geometry)" title="Parallel (geometry)">PARALLEL TO</a></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&DoubleVerticalBar;, &par;, &parallel;, &shortparallel;, &spar;</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+01C0</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ǀ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Click_consonant" title="Click consonant">LATIN LETTER DENTAL CLICK</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+01C1</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ǁ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Click_consonant" title="Click consonant">LATIN LETTER LATERAL CLICK</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2223</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">∣</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Divisor" title="Divisor">DIVIDES</a></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&mid;, &shortmid;, &smid;, &VerticalBar;</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2502</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">│</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Box-drawing_characters" title="Box-drawing characters">BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL</a></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&boxv;</span>) (and various other box drawing characters in the range U+2500 to U+257F)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2758</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">❘</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LIGHT VERTICAL BAR</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0964</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">।</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Danda" title="Danda">DEVANAGARI DANDA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0965</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">॥</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Danda" title="Danda">DEVANAGARI DOUBLE DANDA</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Code_pages_and_other_historical_encodings">Code pages and other historical encodings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Code pages and other historical encodings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Code pages, ASCII, ISO/IEC, EBCDIC, Shift-JIS, etc. </th> <th>Vertical bar (<code>|</code>) </th> <th>Broken bar (<code>¦</code>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/CP437" class="mw-redirect" title="CP437">CP437</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP667" class="mw-redirect" title="CP667">CP667</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP720" class="mw-redirect" title="CP720">CP720</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP737" class="mw-redirect" title="CP737">CP737</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP790" class="mw-redirect" title="CP790">CP790</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP819" class="mw-redirect" title="CP819">CP819</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP852" class="mw-redirect" title="CP852">CP852</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP855" class="mw-redirect" title="CP855">CP855</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP860" class="mw-redirect" title="CP860">CP860</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP861" class="mw-redirect" title="CP861">CP861</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP862" class="mw-redirect" title="CP862">CP862</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP865" class="mw-redirect" title="CP865">CP865</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP866" class="mw-redirect" title="CP866">CP866</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP867" class="mw-redirect" title="CP867">CP867</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP869" class="mw-redirect" title="CP869">CP869</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP872" class="mw-redirect" title="CP872">CP872</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP895" class="mw-redirect" title="CP895">CP895</a>, <a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(IBM)" title="Code page 932 (IBM)">CP932</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP991" class="mw-redirect" title="CP991">CP991</a> </td> <td rowspan="7">124 (7C<a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">h</a>) </td> <td>none </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CP775" class="mw-redirect" title="CP775">CP775</a> </td> <td>167 (A7h) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CP850" class="mw-redirect" title="CP850">CP850</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP857" class="mw-redirect" title="CP857">CP857</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP858" class="mw-redirect" title="CP858">CP858</a> </td> <td>221 (DDh) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CP863" class="mw-redirect" title="CP863">CP863</a> </td> <td>160 (A0h) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CP864" class="mw-redirect" title="CP864">CP864</a> </td> <td>219 (DBh) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">ISO/IEC 8859-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/CP1250" class="mw-redirect" title="CP1250">CP1250</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP1251" class="mw-redirect" title="CP1251">CP1251</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP1252" class="mw-redirect" title="CP1252">CP1252</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP1253" class="mw-redirect" title="CP1253">CP1253</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP1254" class="mw-redirect" title="CP1254">CP1254</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP1255" class="mw-redirect" title="CP1255">CP1255</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP1256" class="mw-redirect" title="CP1256">CP1256</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP1257" class="mw-redirect" title="CP1257">CP1257</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP1258" class="mw-redirect" title="CP1258">CP1258</a> </td> <td>166 (A6h) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">ISO/IEC 8859-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16</a> </td> <td>none </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> CCSID 37 </td> <td>79 (4Fh) </td> <td rowspan="2">106 (6Ah) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> CCSID 500 </td> <td>187 (BBh) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a>, <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuten">Men-ku-ten</a> 1-01-35 (7-bit: 2143h; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a></span>: 8162h; <a href="/wiki/EUC-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-JP">EUC</a>: A1C3h)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>none </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/vertical_bar" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/vertical bar">vertical bar</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bar_(diacritic)" title="Bar (diacritic)">Bar (diacritic)</a> – Diacritic used in some languages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_bar" title="Triple bar">Triple bar</a> – Symbol with multiple meanings</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Shift JIS and EUC encoded forms also include the ASCII vertical bar in its usual encoding (see <a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms" title="Halfwidth and fullwidth forms">halfwidth and fullwidth forms</a>). The same applies when the 7-bit form is used as part of <a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-JP">ISO-2022-JP</a> (allowing switching to and from ASCII).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertical_bar&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRaymond" class="citation web cs1">Raymond, Eric S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/A/ASCII.html">"ASCII"</a>. <i>The Jargon File</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231030220315/http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/A/ASCII.html">Archived</a> from the original on Oct 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jargon+File&rft.atitle=ASCII&rft.aulast=Raymond&rft.aufirst=Eric+S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catb.org%2Fjargon%2Fhtml%2FA%2FASCII.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVertical+bar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisstein" class="citation web cs1">Weisstein, Eric W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/SingleBar.html">"Single Bar"</a>. <i>Wolfram MathWorld</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wolfram+MathWorld&rft.atitle=Matrix+Norm&rft.aulast=Weisstein&rft.aufirst=Eric+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathworld.wolfram.com%2FMatrixNorm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVertical+bar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnivalent_Foundations_Program2013" class="citation book cs1">Univalent Foundations Program (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170707022332/https://hott.github.io/book/nightly/hott-a4-1075-g3c53219.pdf"><i>Homotopy Type Theory: Univalent Foundations of Mathematics (GitHub version)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Institute for Advanced Study. p. 108. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hott.github.io/book/nightly/hott-a4-1075-g3c53219.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2017-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homotopy+Type+Theory%3A+Univalent+Foundations+of+Mathematics+%28GitHub+version%29&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Institute+for+Advanced+Study&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Univalent+Foundations+Program&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhott.github.io%2Fbook%2Fnightly%2Fhott-a4-1075-g3c53219.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVertical+bar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnivalent_Foundations_Program2013" class="citation book cs1">Univalent Foundations Program (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LkDUKMv3yp0C"><i>Homotopy Type Theory: Univalent Foundations of Mathematics (print version)</i></a>. Institute for Advanced Study. p. 450.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homotopy+Type+Theory%3A+Univalent+Foundations+of+Mathematics+%28print+version%29&rft.pages=450&rft.pub=Institute+for+Advanced+Study&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Univalent+Foundations+Program&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLkDUKMv3yp0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVertical+bar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larus Thorlacius, Thordur Jonsson (eds.), <i>M-Theory and Quantum Geometry</i>, Springer, 2012, p. 263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-verg-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-verg_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-verg_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Virgule". <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Vol. XII (Corrected reissue ed.). Oxford University Press. 1933. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/the-oxford-english-dictionary-1933-all-volumes/The%20Oxford%20English%20Dictionary%20Volume%2012%20-%20Variant/page/n238/mode/1up?view=theater">235</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Virgule&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pages=235&rft.edition=Corrected+reissue&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVertical+bar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBringhurst2005" class="citation book cs1">Bringhurst, Robert (2005). <i>The Elements of Typographic Style</i> (ver. 3.1 ed.). Point Roberts, Washington: Hartley and Marks. pp. 68–69. <q>But beyond the ... double dagger, this order is not familiar to most readers, and never was.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Elements+of+Typographic+Style&rft.place=Point+Roberts%2C+Washington&rft.pages=68-69&rft.edition=ver.+3.1&rft.pub=Hartley+and+Marks&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Bringhurst&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVertical+bar" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-evolutionchar-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-evolutionchar_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-evolutionchar_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer2012" class="citation thesis cs1">Fischer, Eric (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.96.678&rep=rep1&type=pdf"><i>The Evolution of Character Codes, 1874-1968</i></a> (Thesis). Penn State University. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.96.678">10.1.1.96.678</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Evolution+of+Character+Codes%2C+1874-1968&rft.inst=Penn+State+University&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.96.678%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.96.678%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVertical+bar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. W. Nelson, letter to Thomas B. Steel, June 8, 1966, Honeywell Inc. X3.2 Standards Subcommittee Records, 1961-1969 (CBI 67), Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, box 1, folder 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">X3.2 document X3.2/475, December 13, 1966, Honeywell Inc. X3.2 Standards Subcommittee Records, 1961-1969 (CBI 67), Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, box 1, folder 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salste_2016-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salste_2016_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salste_2016_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalste2016" class="citation web cs1">Salste, Tuomas (January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aivosto.com/vbtips/charsets-7bit.html#body">"7-bit character sets: Revisions of ASCII"</a>. Aivosto Oy. <a href="/wiki/URN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="URN (identifier)">urn</a>:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:fi-fe201201011004">nbn:fi-fe201201011004</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160613145224/http://www.aivosto.com/vbtips/charsets-7bit.html#body">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-06-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=7-bit+character+sets%3A+Revisions+of+ASCII&rft.pub=Aivosto+Oy&rft.date=2016-01&rft.aulast=Salste&rft.aufirst=Tuomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aivosto.com%2Fvbtips%2Fcharsets-7bit.html%23body&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVertical+bar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Korpela-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Korpela_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorpela" class="citation web cs1">Korpela, Jukka. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jkorpela.fi/latin1/ascii-hist.html">"Character histories - notes on some Ascii code positions"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200311174647/http://jkorpela.fi/latin1/ascii-hist.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Character+histories+-+notes+on+some+Ascii+code+positions&rft.aulast=Korpela&rft.aufirst=Jukka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjkorpela.fi%2Flatin1%2Fascii-hist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVertical+bar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_Price2010" class="citation web cs1">Jim Price (2010-05-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jimprice.com/jim-asc.shtml#extended">"ASCII Chart: IBM PC Extended ASCII Display Characters"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASCII+Chart%3A+IBM+PC+Extended+ASCII+Display+Characters&rft.date=2010-05-24&rft.au=Jim+Price&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jimprice.com%2Fjim-asc.shtml%23extended&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVertical+bar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJukka_"Yucca"_Korpela2006" class="citation web cs1">Jukka "Yucca" Korpela (2006-09-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jkorpela.fi/latin1/3.html#A6">"Detailed descriptions of the characters"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Detailed+descriptions+of+the+characters&rft.date=2006-09-20&rft.au=Jukka+%22Yucca%22+Korpela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjkorpela.fi%2Flatin1%2F3.html%23A6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVertical+bar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Balearic">"Balearic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Balearic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FBalearic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVertical+bar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Common_punctuation_and_other_typographical_symbols" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template talk:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_punctuation_and_other_typographical_symbols" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common <a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typographical</a> symbols</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;">   </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">space</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> , </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> : </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ; </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">semicolon</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‐ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ’ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ' </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ′ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ″ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‴ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">prime</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> . </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> & </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ampersand" title="Ampersand">ampersand</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> @ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/At_sign" title="At sign">at sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ^ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Caret" title="Caret">caret</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> / </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">slash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> \ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">backslash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> … </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ellipsis" title="Ellipsis">ellipsis</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> * </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ※ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Reference_mark" title="Reference mark">Reference mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⁂ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Asterism_(typography)" title="Asterism (typography)">asterism</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dinkus" title="Dinkus">dinkus</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> - </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen-minus" title="Hyphen-minus">hyphen-minus</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‒ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> – </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> — </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">dash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⹀ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸗ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Double_hyphen" title="Double hyphen">double hyphen</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ? </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Question_mark" title="Question mark">question mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ! </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" title="Exclamation mark">exclamation mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‽ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Interrobang" title="Interrobang">interrobang</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¡ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¿ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Inverted_question_and_exclamation_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverted question and exclamation marks">inverted ! and ?</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸮ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Irony_punctuation" title="Irony punctuation">irony punctuation</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> # </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">number sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> № </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Numero_sign" title="Numero sign">numero sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> º </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ª </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ordinal_indicator" title="Ordinal indicator">ordinal indicator</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> % </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Percent_sign" title="Percent sign">percent sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‰ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Per_mille" title="Per mille">per mille</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‱ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Basis_point" title="Basis point">basis point</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ° </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Degree_symbol" title="Degree symbol">degree symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⌀ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Diameter#Symbol" title="Diameter">diameter sign</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> + </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> − </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs" title="Plus and minus signs">plus and minus signs</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> × </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplication_sign" title="Multiplication sign">multiplication sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ÷ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Division_sign" title="Division sign">division sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ~ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ± </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Plus%E2%80%93minus_sign" title="Plus–minus sign">plus–minus sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ∓ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Minus-plus_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Minus-plus sign">minus-plus sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> √ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Radical_symbol" title="Radical symbol">radical symbol</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> _ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">underscore</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <span style="position: relative; top: 0.25em;">⁀</span> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tie_(typography)" title="Tie (typography)">tie</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> | </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¦ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‖ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">vertical bar</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> • </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bullet_(typography)" title="Bullet (typography)">bullet</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> · </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Interpunct" title="Interpunct">interpunct</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> © </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_symbol" title="Copyright symbol">copyright symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ℗ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_copyright_symbol" title="Sound recording copyright symbol">sound recording copyright</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ® </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark_symbol" title="Registered trademark symbol">registered trademark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <sup><span style="font-size:85%">SM</span></sup> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Service_mark_symbol" title="Service mark symbol">service mark symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <sup><span style="font-size:85%">TM</span></sup> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Trademark_symbol" title="Trademark symbol">trademark symbol</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‘ ’ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> “ ” </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ' ' </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> " " </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">quotation mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‹ › </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> « » </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Guillemet" title="Guillemet">guillemet</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ( ) </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> [ ] </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> { } </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⟨ ⟩ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">bracket</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ” </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ditto_mark" title="Ditto mark">ditto mark</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> † </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‡ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dagger_(mark)" title="Dagger (mark)">dagger</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ❧ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Fleuron_(typography)" title="Fleuron (typography)">fleuron</a> (hedera, aldus)</span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ☞ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Manicule" title="Manicule">manicule</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ◊ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⌑ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(shape)" title="Lozenge (shape)">lozenge</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¶ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸿ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Pilcrow" title="Pilcrow">pilcrow</a> (paragraph mark)</span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> § </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Section_sign" title="Section sign">section mark</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">Version of this table as a sortable list</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Currency symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a> (accents)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols" title="List of logic symbols">Logic symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mathematical_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mathematical symbols">Math symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_punctuation" title="Chinese punctuation">Chinese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_punctuation" title="Hebrew punctuation">Hebrew punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation" title="Japanese punctuation">Japanese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_punctuation" title="Korean punctuation">Korean punctuation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" 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