Why risk is a range -- not a number -- GCN

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head id="Head1"><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=7YQSqjSh" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://gcn.com/articles/2020/09/21/risk-probability.aspx?admgarea=TC_COVID","20201021131216","https://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1603285936"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/> <title>Why risk is a range -- not a number -- GCN</title> <meta name="description" content="During a disaster, looking at a range of possibilities, rather than a target number, gives emergency planners a better way to gauge risk."> <meta name="keywords" content="GCN, computer news, gcn.com, ada, product reviews, vivek kundra, intellipedia, defense knowledge online, windows, fdcc compliance, data.gov, microsoft, obama, defense technology, US-CERT, information assurance, cloud computing, virtualizaton, cybersecurity, cyber command, conficker, smart grid, wolfram alpha, gcn awards, open source, canes navy, conficker worm, ipv6, fisma, nist, ites2, cto, dko, voip, stimulus, cyberattacks, mobile, wireless, gcn awards, gcn magazine, government computer news magazine, gcn daily, blackberry, rugged it, PEO-EIS, cyber security jobs, cybersecurity jobs, cyber security career, cybersecurity career"> <meta property="og:title" content="Why risk is a range -- not a number -- GCN"/> <meta property="og:description" content="During a disaster, looking at a range of possibilities, rather than a target number, gives emergency planners a better way to gauge risk."/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/09/21/risk-probability.aspx"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216im_/https://gcn.com/-/media/GIG/EDIT_SHARED/Innovation/range.jpg"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="GCN"/>  <script async="async" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216js_/https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID', [[640,480]], 'div-gpt-ad-prestitial-0001') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('item',['76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a']) .setTargeting('pos',['prestitial']) .setTargeting('Topic',['Data_and_Analytics','COVID_19','State_and_Local','Trending','Sectors']) .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); googletag.defineSlot('/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID', [[152,600],[ 1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-wallpaper_left-0002') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('item',['76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a']) .setTargeting('pos',['wallpaper_left']) .setTargeting('Topic',['Data_and_Analytics','COVID_19','State_and_Local','Trending','Sectors']) .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); googletag.defineSlot('/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID', [[152,600],[ 1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-wallpaper_right-0003') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('item',['76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a']) .setTargeting('pos',['wallpaper_right']) .setTargeting('Topic',['Data_and_Analytics','COVID_19','State_and_Local','Trending','Sectors']) .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); googletag.defineSlot('/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID', [[1,1],[ 970,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-LEAD_T1-0004') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('item',['76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a']) .setTargeting('pos',['LEAD_T1']) .setTargeting('Topic',['Data_and_Analytics','COVID_19','State_and_Local','Trending','Sectors']) .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); googletag.defineSlot('/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID', [[300,250],[ 1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-BOX_R1-0005') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('item',['76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a']) .setTargeting('pos',['BOX_R1']) .setTargeting('Topic',['Data_and_Analytics','COVID_19','State_and_Local','Trending','Sectors']) .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); googletag.defineSlot('/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID', [[300,600],[ 1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-Box_R2-0006') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('item',['76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a']) .setTargeting('pos',['Box_R2']) .setTargeting('Topic',['Data_and_Analytics','COVID_19','State_and_Local','Trending','Sectors']) .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); googletag.defineSlot('/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID', [[300,250],[300,600],[300,480],[300,850],[ 1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-BOX_R4-0007') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('item',['76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a']) .setTargeting('pos',['BOX_R4']) .setTargeting('Topic',['Data_and_Analytics','COVID_19','State_and_Local','Trending','Sectors']) .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); googletag.defineSlot('/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID', [[300,90],[1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-Tile_R1-0008') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('item',['76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a']) .setTargeting('pos',['Tile_R1']) .setTargeting('Topic',['Data_and_Analytics','COVID_19','State_and_Local','Trending','Sectors']) .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); googletag.defineSlot('/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID', [[728,90],[ 1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-LEAD_2-0009') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('item',['76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a']) .setTargeting('pos',['LEAD_2']) .setTargeting('Topic',['Data_and_Analytics','COVID_19','State_and_Local','Trending','Sectors']) .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function (e) { if (!e.isEmpty) { // If the ad is not empty document.getElementById(e.slot.getSlotElementId()).setAttribute('class', 'ad-loaded'); } }); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script>   <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216cs_/https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/css/v3/p/olytics.css"/> <script type="text/javascript"> window.olytics||(window.olytics=[]),window.olytics.methods=["fire","confirm"],window.olytics.factory=function(i){return function(){var t=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);return t.unshift(i),window.olytics.push(t),window.olytics}};for(var i=0;i<window.olytics.methods.length;i++){var method=window.olytics.methods[i];window.olytics[method]=window.olytics.factory(method)}olytics.load=function(i){if(!document.getElementById("olyticsImport")){window.a=window.olytics;var t=document.createElement("script");t.async=!0,t.id="olyticsImport",t.type="text/javascript";var o="";void 0!==i&&void 0!==i.oid&&(o=i.oid),t.setAttribute("data-oid",o),t.src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/js/v3/p/olytics.min.js",t.addEventListener("load",function(t){for(olytics.initialize({Olytics:i});window.a.length>0;){var o=window.a.shift(),s=o.shift();olytics[s]&&olytics[s].apply(olytics,o)}},!1);var s=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}},olytics.load({oid:"d158cf08e5844cba89cc42fe00c7776d"}); </script> <script> olytics.fire( { behaviorId: '9897J1372478A9T', topic: 'Data_and_Analytics,COVID_19,State_and_Local,Trending,Sectors' } ); </script>  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216cs_/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.css?v=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20201021131216cs_/https://gcn.com/design/gig/gcn/2018/css/style.css?v=9">  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/web/20201021131216im_/https://gcn.com/design/GIG/gcn/2018/img/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/web/20201021131216im_/https://gcn.com/design/gig/gcn/2018/img/favicon.png"> <style> .newsletter-form table.omedaDynamicFormGDPRRadio { margin: 0 12px 0 12px; font-size: 12px; display: block; } .newsletter-form table.omedaDynamicFormGDPRRadio tr td { display: block; width: auto; position: relative; } .newsletter-form table.omedaDynamicFormGDPRRadio input[type="radio"] { position: absolute; top: 1px; left: 0px; width: 10px; } .newsletter-form table.omedaDynamicFormGDPRRadio label { display: inline-block; margin: 0px 0 0 19px; font-size: 12px; } .newsletter-form table.omedaDynamicFormGDPRRadio a { color:#000; } </style> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-6779162-3', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <script src="/web/20201021131216js_/https://gcn.com/design/gig/fcw/2018/js/base-min.js?=7" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>  <script> $(document).ready(function() { if($(".topicresources").is(":visible")){$(".sponsoredresources").show();} else{$(".sponsoredresources").hide();}}); </script>  <script> (function () { _ml = window._ml || {}; _ml.eid = '50202'; _ml.ht = 'shex'; _ml.em = ''; _ml.dm = ''; _ml.informer = { enable: true }; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0], cd = new Date(), mltag = document.createElement('script'); mltag.type = 'text/javascript'; mltag.async = true; mltag.src = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://ml314.com/tag.aspx?' + cd.getDate() + cd.getMonth() + cd.getFullYear(); s.parentNode.insertBefore(mltag, s); })(); </script> <title> </title></head> <body> <form method="post" action="/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/09/21/risk-probability.aspx?admgarea=TC_COVID" id="form2" novalidate=""> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="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"/> </div> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> var id = ''; function FocusSearchBox(ctl) { id = ctl;} function BlurSearchBox() { id = '';} document.onkeypress = function disableKey(e) { var evtobj = window.event ? event : e;var unicode = evtobj.charCode ? evtobj.charCode : evtobj.keyCode;if (unicode == 13) {if (id == '') {window.event.keyCode = 0;} else {document.getElementById("hdnSearch").value = id;document.getElementById(id.replace("txt", "btn")).click();} } } </script> <script src="/web/20201021131216js_/https://gcn.com/ScriptResource.axd?d=uHIkleVeDJf4xS50Krz-yKIbsogxsARipyAFZ-QiowLKCn8ZX1JtCja1u0RrZEEZKxAM5FV4haytxitTtZqqNpmPcKKA3BLDLu9ZENuGQ1JqfEWiAMP7CsbJ3uYqnV6u0i-h3IJxflq0io8vjqviaFadW7U1&t=ffffffffce034dab" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/web/20201021131216js_/https://gcn.com/sitecore/shell/Controls/Lib/jQuery/jquery-1.12.4.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" value="E77E423D"/> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="ad"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-prestitial-0001"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-prestitial-0001'); }); </script> <noscript> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dprestitial%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=640x480&tile=1&c=123456789" target="_blank"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216im_/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dprestitial%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=640x480&tile=1&c=123456789" border="0" alt=""/> </a> </noscript> </div> </div>  <div class="leaderboard"> </div> <header role="banner" class="header"> <div class="inner"> <div id="ph_header1_1_divBlockBox" class="logo"> <div id="ph_header1_1_divBody" class="summary"><a href="/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/"><img src="/web/20201021131216im_/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/09/21/~/media/GIG/GCN/Web/2018/site/gcn_logo.svg" alt="GCN | Technology, Tools and Tactics for Public Sector IT" title="GCN | Technology, Tools and Tactics for Public Sector IT"></a></div> </div><div class="tagline">The Technology that Drives Government IT</div> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216im_/https://redmondmag.1105cms01.com/~/media/ECG/redmondmag/design/2019/mobilemenubutton.svg" alt="Open Menu" class="mobile-button"> <noindex>  <div class="topnav"> <ul class="topnavlist"><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/portals/ai-automation.aspx">AI & Automation</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/portals/covid.aspx">COVID-19</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/portals/cybersecurity.aspx">Cybersecurity</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/portals/cloud.aspx">Cloud</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/portals/data-analytics.aspx">Data & Analytics</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/portals/iot.aspx">IoT</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/portals/emerging-tech.aspx">Emerging Tech</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/portals/public-safety.aspx">Public Safety</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/portals/state-local.aspx">State & Local</a></li><li class=" last menuAction drop"><a class="hasChild" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/pages/about.aspx">More</a><ul><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://publicsector.1105media.com/pages/calendar">Events</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/pages/resources.aspx">Resources</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://1105.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=ONE7131_GIG1&pk=TNGWNL" target="_blank">Subscribe</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://1105.dragonforms.com/init.do?omedasite=ONE7131_GIG1&pk=TNGWNL " target="_blank">Newsletters</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/pages/contact.aspx">Contact</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://publicsector.1105media.com/pages/gcn">Advertise</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/http://www.1105reprints.com/">Reprints</a></li><li class=" last"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://www.meritdirect.com/1105-media/">List Rental</a></li></ul></li></ul> <br class="clear"/> </div>  </noindex> </div> </header> <div id="main" role="main"> <div id="siteskin_container"> <div class="ad"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-wallpaper_left-0002"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-wallpaper_left-0002'); }); </script> <noscript> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dwallpaper_left%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=152x600| 1x1&tile=2&c=123456789" target="_blank"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216im_/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dwallpaper_left%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=152x600| 1x1&tile=2&c=123456789" border="0" alt=""/> </a> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="ad"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-wallpaper_right-0003"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-wallpaper_right-0003'); }); </script> <noscript> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dwallpaper_right%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=152x600| 1x1&tile=3&c=123456789" target="_blank"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216im_/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dwallpaper_right%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=152x600| 1x1&tile=3&c=123456789" border="0" alt=""/> </a> </noscript> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sideBar"> <div class="adcenter"> <div class="ad"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-LEAD_T1-0004"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-LEAD_T1-0004'); }); </script> <noscript> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dLEAD_T1%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=1x1| 970x250&tile=4&c=123456789" target="_blank"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216im_/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dLEAD_T1%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=1x1| 970x250&tile=4&c=123456789" border="0" alt=""/> </a> </noscript> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pContent"> <div id="level0"> <div id="article"> <img src="/web/20201021131216im_/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/09/21/-/media/GIG/EDIT_SHARED/Innovation/range.jpg" alt="concept of range (ANDRANIK HAKOBYAN/Shutterstock.com)" class="storyimage"/> <h3 id="ph_pcontent2_0_MainHeading" class="title">Why risk is a range -- not a number</h3> <ul id="ph_pcontent2_0_ByAuthor" class="byline"> <li class="author">By Stephanie Kanowitz</li><li class="date">Sep 21, 2020</li> </ul> <p>The basis of a solid risk assessment is understanding that probability exists in a range, not a specific number, says Henry Yennie, a program manager at the Louisiana Department of Health.</p> <p>In fact, deterministic -- or number-based -- models have been off by a factor of 10 or more, he said. “It’s better to ask for a probability,” Yennie said. In an emergency, “it gives you a way to gauge what the likely risk is that some intervention might have to happen, and it gives you enough time to consider those responses that might have to happen, rather than just reacting.”</p> <p>For instance, as Hurricanes Laura and Sally threatened the state in recent weeks, Yennie was able to assess the risk that each of the 1,494 health care facilities the department works with would lose power or be flooded, which helped prioritize response plans. To do that, he used Palisade’s @RISK decision support software, an add-on to Microsoft Excel that performs Monte Carlo simulations, a type of analysis that provides a range of possible outcomes and the probabilities they will occur.</p> <p>The software is part of Palisade’s DecisionTools Suite, which can be used for decision trees and optimization. The department used another of the company’s products – StatTools – for statistical analysis and forecasting related to the coronavirus pandemic.</p> <p>On March 13, the department began using the technology to forecast the availability of hospital beds, including those in intensive care units. Hospitals report data on bed availability daily, and an alert feature automated by the model color codes forecasts to indicate when help may be necessary.</p> <p>“As we saw the pandemic ebb and flow, we needed some sort of early warning system about our hospitals and whether or not to have conversations … about suspending certain kinds of procedures that weren’t life-threatening or urgently needed,” Yennie said.</p> <p>The department had to modify its models to collect the data and train hospital personnel to provide the information before it could perform simulations, but once the data structure was in place, “we quickly developed a template upload system where the hospitals could populate a template and upload it to the system so they didn’t have to manually input numbers as they had been,” Yennie said. “That has made the data we feed the models much more accurate.”</p> <p>A key to shifting from hard numbers to ranges is getting leaders to see the value of probability, he said. Relying on a specific number can easily lead to over- or under-preparation.</p> <p>“I think it’s educating the leadership that has to evaluate risk,” said Yennie, who’s been using @RISK since Hurricane Katrina devastated the state in 2005. “From my perspective, it’s educating them about the dangers of looking for a number.”</p> <p>In 2008, Hurricane Gustav made the need for probabilistic modeling apparent after it left several large hospitals on generator power for weeks. “After about Week Two, they started making these frantic requests for fuel because their normal fuel distributor was blown away,” Yennie said. “We had no way to predict who might need fuel, and we were just reacting to these last-minute requests,” he said. “It was really, really nerve-wracking.”</p> <p>Now, all health care facilities the department works with use applications in the ESF 8 Portal – developed after Gustav -- to store and share data on every generator they have. The health department extracts data from the portal applications to feed the @RISK models.</p> <p>“We’ve got data on thousands of generators, including their type, model, type of fuel they use, where the fuel tank is, how big the tank is, their burn rate,” Yennie said. “Because we have that data in the background, we can start to spit out the data that feeds the Palisade model that’s based on that risk. It’s a very simple process of loading the data that we get and then running those fuel simulations,” he said. “It generates kind of a calendar for us – the top 20 hospitals or nursing homes or group homes or assisted living facilities that are in jeopardy of running out of fuel first.”</p> <p>The department uses the probabilities to help determine response timelines, working with a concept called an H-hour. For storms, H-0 is the time at which tropical storm-force winds are expected to hit the coast -- and the point when ambulances can’t travel and flying becomes dangerous, Yennie said. Preparations are backed up to H-minus 72 -- about three days before a storm might hit and when risk assessments begin in earnest. At H-minus 60, the department decides whether hospitals need to decide whether to shelter-in-place or evacuate patients.</p> <p>“So far it’s worked really well,” he said.</p> <p><em>Editor's note: This article was changed Sept. 23 to correct one of the H-minus numbers.</em></p>   <div class="aboutAuthor"> <p id="ph_pcontent2_0_AuthorInfo_AboutAuthor" class="author">About the Author</p> <p> <strong></strong> Stephanie Kanowitz is a freelance writer based in northern Virginia. <br/> <a id="ph_pcontent2_0_AuthorInfo_AuthorEmail_0"></a> </p> </div> </div> </div><div class="sharingwrapper"> <share-button></share-button> <script> var shareButton = new ShareButton({ networks: { twitter: { enabled: true }, facebook: { enabled: true }, whatsapp: { enabled: false }, googlePlus: { enabled: false }, reddit: { enabled: false }, linkedin: { enabled: true }, email: { enabled: false }, pinterest: { enabled: false } }, ui: { networkOrder: ['facebook', 'twitter','linkedin' ], flyout: 'bottom right', buttonText: 'Share...' } }); </script> <noindex> <div id="ph_pcontent2_3_EmailThis" class="email"> <p><a id="ph_pcontent2_3_Email" href="/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/Forms/EmailItem.aspx?EmailItem={76941316-F309-4444-910F-B457E5C1580A}">E-Mail this page</a></p> </div> </noindex> <noindex> <div id="ph_pcontent2_4_PrintFormat" class="print"> <p><a id="ph_pcontent2_4_Print" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/Articles/2020/09/21/risk-probability.aspx?admgarea=TC_COVID&p=1" target="_blank">Printable Format</a></p> </div> </noindex></div> <div id="ph_pcontent3_0_divListBox" class="featuredx3"> <h4 id="ph_pcontent3_0_h4Header" class="L1CommonDLBheader">Featured</h4> <ul> <li id="ph_pcontent3_0_lvItemList_liNativeArticleAd_0"> <div id="ph_pcontent3_0_lvItemList_dvAdWrapper_0" class="native1"> <div class="ad"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-promo2-0101"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { var slot = googletag.defineSlot('/5978/eof.gcn', [[760,200]], 'div-gpt-ad-promo2-0101') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('item',['']) .setTargeting('pos',['promo2']) .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-promo2-0101'); googletag.pubads().refresh([slot]); }); </script> <noscript> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?iu=/5978/eof.gcn&t=item%253d%26pos%253dpromo2&sz=760x200&tile=101&c=123456789" target="_blank"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216im_/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?iu=/5978/eof.gcn&t=item%253d%26pos%253dpromo2&sz=760x200&tile=101&c=123456789" border="0" alt=""/> </a> </noscript> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="ph_pcontent3_0_lvItemList_liListItem_1"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/10/08/bmore-responsive.aspx"><img src="/web/20201021131216im_/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/09/21/-/media/GIG/EDIT_SHARED/Health-IT/senior_center.jpg" alt="senior center (vuqarali/Shutterstock.com)"/></a> <h3 id="ph_pcontent3_0_lvItemList_h3Title_1"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/10/08/bmore-responsive.aspx">Bmore Responsive: Home-grown emergency response coordination  </a></h3> <p id="ph_pcontent3_0_lvItemList_pSummary_1" class="summary"> Working with the local Code for America brigade, Baltimore’s Health Department built a new contact management system that saves hundreds of hours when checking in on senior care centers during emergencies. </p> <div class="MemberContentDescription"></div> <div class="MemberContentPurchase"></div> </li> <li id="ph_pcontent3_0_lvItemList_liListItem_2"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/10/07/va-ai-mental-health-monitoring.aspx"><img src="/web/20201021131216im_/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/09/21/-/media/GIG/EDIT_SHARED/Workforce/phone_user_man_dark.jpg" alt="man checking phone in the dark (Maridav/Shutterstock.com)"/></a> <h3 id="ph_pcontent3_0_lvItemList_h3Title_2"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/10/07/va-ai-mental-health-monitoring.aspx">AI-based ‘listening’ helps VA monitor vets’ mental health</a></h3> <p id="ph_pcontent3_0_lvItemList_pSummary_2" class="summary"> To better monitor veterans’ mental health, especially during the pandemic, the Department of Veterans Affairs is relying on data and artificial intelligence-based analytics. </p> <div class="MemberContentDescription"></div> <div class="MemberContentPurchase"></div> </li> </ul> <div id="ph_pcontent3_0_dvPagination" class="pagination"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sContent"> <noindex> <div id="ph_scontent1_0_pnlSearch" class="search"> <fieldset> <input name="ph_scontent1_0$txtSearch" type="text" id="ph_scontent1_0_txtSearch" onfocus="FocusSearchBox('ph_scontent1_0_txtSearch')" onblur="BlurSearchBox()"/> <select name="ph_scontent1_0$ddlCollections" id="ph_scontent1_0_ddlCollections"> <option selected="selected" value="cb4ad1b31adc414ba552513d2116c49f">GCN</option> </select> <input type="submit" name="ph_scontent1_0$btnSearch" value="Search" id="ph_scontent1_0_btnSearch" class="submit" formnovalidate=""/> <p id="ph_scontent1_0_AdvancedFormLink" class="advanced"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/Forms/Advanced-Search.aspx">Advanced Search</a></p> <input type="hidden" id="hdnSearch" name="hdnSearch" visible="false"/> </fieldset> </div> </noindex><style> .socialiconscontainer {display:block;margin: 0 auto;} .socialicon {color: white;} ul.socialicons {margin-top: 10px;} .socialicons li {vertical-align: top;display: inline;height: 100px;} .socialicons a {color: #fff;text-decoration: none;font-size: 20px;} .socialicons a:hover {color: #fff;} .fa-facebook { padding:10px 14px; -o-transition:.5s; -ms-transition:.5s; -moz-transition:.5s; -webkit-transition:.5s; transition: .5s; background-color: #234187; } .fa-facebook:hover { background-color: #3d5b99; } .fa-twitter { padding:10px 12px; -o-transition:.5s; -ms-transition:.5s; -moz-transition:.5s; -webkit-transition:.5s; transition: .5s; background-color: #234187; } .fa-twitter:hover { background-color: #00aced; } .fa-rss { padding:10px 14px; -o-transition:.5s; -ms-transition:.5s; -moz-transition:.5s; -webkit-transition:.5s; transition: .5s; background-color: #234187; } .fa-rss:hover { background-color: #eb8231; } .fa-envelope { padding:10px 14px; -o-transition:.5s; -ms-transition:.5s; -moz-transition:.5s; -webkit-transition:.5s; transition: .5s; background-color: #234187; } .fa-envelope:hover { background-color: #e64a41; } .fa-linkedin { padding:10px 14px; -o-transition:.5s; -ms-transition:.5s; -moz-transition:.5s; -webkit-transition:.5s; transition: .5s; background-color: #234187; } .fa-linkedin:hover { background-color: #0073a4; } .socialsidebar { position: relative; } .socialsidebar h4 { margin: 4px 20px 12px 0; font-size: 14px; font-size: 1.4rem; text-transform: uppercase; color: #234187; font-style: italic; font-weight: 800; line-height: 1; } .socialsidebar h4:before { content: ''; display: block; position: absolute; top: 10px; width: 10%; height: 4px; background: #234187; -webkit-transform: skew(-15deg); -moz-transform: skew(-15deg); -o-transform: skew(-15deg); transform: skew(-15deg); } </style> <div class="socialsidebar"> <div class="socialiconscontainer"> <h4>Stay Connected</h4> <ul class="socialicons"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://twitter.com/GCNtech" class="social-icon"> <i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/http://www.linkedin.com/company/gcn-1105-media" class="social-icon"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://www.facebook.com/GCNtech" class="social-icon"> <i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/http://gcn.com/rss-feeds/rss-list.aspx" class="social-icon"> <i class="fa fa-rss"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://1105.dragonforms.com/init.do?omedasite=ONE7131_GIG1&pk=TNGWNL?" class="social-icon"> <i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="adwrapper"> <div class="ad"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-BOX_R1-0005"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-BOX_R1-0005'); }); </script> <noscript> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dBOX_R1%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=300x250| 1x1&tile=5&c=123456789" target="_blank"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216im_/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dBOX_R1%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=300x250| 1x1&tile=5&c=123456789" border="0" alt=""/> </a> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="ad"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-Box_R2-0006"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-Box_R2-0006'); }); </script> <noscript> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dBox_R2%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=300x600| 1x1&tile=6&c=123456789" target="_blank"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216im_/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dBox_R2%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=300x600| 1x1&tile=6&c=123456789" border="0" alt=""/> </a> </noscript> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { var originalValidationSummaryOnSubmit = window.ValidationSummaryOnSubmit; window.ValidationSummaryOnSubmit = function (validationGroup) { var originalScrollTo = window.scrollTo; window.scrollTo = function () { }; originalValidationSummaryOnSubmit(validationGroup); window.scrollTo = originalScrollTo; } } ()); function ValidateCheckBoxList(sender, args) { var checkBoxList = document.getElementById(sender.attributes.checkboxlistclientid.nodeValue); var checkboxes = checkBoxList.getElementsByTagName("input"); var isValid = false; for (var i = 0; i < checkboxes.length; i++) { if (checkboxes[i].checked) { isValid = true; break; } } args.IsValid = isValid; } function GDPRValidation(oSrouce, args) { var rb = document.getElementById("ph_scontent1_6_rblGDPR"); var radio = rb.getElementsByTagName("input"); args.IsValid = false; for (var i = 0; i < radio.length; i++) { if (radio[i].checked) { args.IsValid = true; break; } } } </script> <div id="omedaDynamicForm"> <div id="ph_scontent1_6_OmedaDynamicFormPanel"> <div id="ph_scontent1_6_dvOmedaDynamicForm" class="newsletter-form"> <div id="ph_scontent1_6_dvOmedaDynamicFormFields" class="omedaDynamicFormFields"> <div id="form-header"> <div class="pubname"></div> <div class="signupheader">Sign up for our newsletter.</div> </div> <span id="ph_scontent1_6_lblEmail_Address01" class="omedaDynamicFormLabel" for="txtEmail_Address01">Email Address*</span><input name="ph_scontent1_6$txtEmail_Address01" type="text" id="ph_scontent1_6_txtEmail_Address01" class="omedaDynamicFormInput" placeholder="Email Address*" lcsquestionid="1"/><span id="ph_scontent1_6_lblCountry02" class="omedaDynamicFormLabel" for="ddlCountry02">Country*</span><select name="ph_scontent1_6$ddlCountry02" id="ph_scontent1_6_ddlCountry02" class="omedaDynamicFormDropDown" placeholder="Country*" lcsquestionid="3"> <option selected="selected" value="" isgdpr="False" isus="False"></option> <option value="USA" isgdpr="False" isus="True">United States of America</option> <option value="AFG" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Afghanistan</option> <option value="ALA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Åland Islands</option> <option value="ALB" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Albania</option> <option value="DZA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Algeria</option> <option value="ASM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">American Samoa</option> <option value="AND" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Andorra</option> <option value="AGO" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Angola</option> <option value="AIA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Anguilla</option> <option value="ATA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Antarctica</option> <option value="ATG" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Antigua and Barbuda</option> <option value="ARG" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Argentina</option> <option value="ARM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Armenia</option> <option value="ABW" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Aruba</option> <option value="AUS" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Australia</option> <option value="AZE" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Azerbaijan</option> <option value="AUT" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Austria</option> <option value="BHS" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Bahamas</option> <option value="BHR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Bahrain</option> <option value="BGD" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Bangladesh</option> <option value="BRB" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Barbados</option> <option value="BLR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Belarus</option> <option value="BEL" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Belgium</option> <option value="BLZ" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Belize</option> <option value="BEN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Benin</option> <option value="BMU" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Bermuda</option> <option value="BTN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Bhutan</option> <option value="BOL" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Bolivia, Plurinational State of</option> <option value="BES" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba</option> <option value="BIH" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Bosnia and Herzegovina</option> <option value="BWA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Botswana</option> <option value="BVT" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Bouvet Island</option> <option value="BRA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Brazil</option> <option value="IOT" isgdpr="False" isus="False">British Indian Ocean Territory</option> <option value="BRN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Brunei Darussalam</option> <option value="BGR" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Bulgaria</option> <option value="BFA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Burkina Faso</option> <option value="BDI" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Burundi</option> <option value="KHM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Cambodia</option> <option value="CMR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Cameroon</option> <option value="CAN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Canada</option> <option value="CPV" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Cape Verde (Cabo Verde)</option> <option value="CYM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Cayman Islands</option> <option value="CUW" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Curaçao</option> <option value="CAF" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Central African Republic</option> <option value="TCD" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Chad</option> <option value="CHL" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Chile</option> <option value="CHN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">China</option> <option value="CXR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Christmas Island</option> <option value="CCK" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</option> <option value="COL" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Colombia</option> <option value="COM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Comoros</option> <option value="COG" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Congo</option> <option value="COD" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Congo, the Democratic Republic of the</option> <option value="COK" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Cook Islands</option> <option value="CRI" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Costa Rica</option> <option value="CIV" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Côte d'Ivoire</option> <option value="HRV" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Croatia</option> <option value="CUB" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Cuba</option> <option value="CYP" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Cyprus</option> <option value="CZE" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Czech Republic</option> <option value="DNK" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Denmark</option> <option value="DJI" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Djibouti</option> <option value="DMA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Dominica</option> <option value="DOM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Dominican Republic</option> <option value="ECU" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Ecuador</option> <option value="EGY" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Egypt</option> <option value="SLV" isgdpr="False" isus="False">El Salvador</option> <option value="GNQ" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Equatorial Guinea</option> <option value="ERI" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Eritrea</option> <option value="EST" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Estonia</option> <option value="ETH" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Ethiopia</option> <option value="FLK" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Falkland Islands (Malvinas)</option> <option value="FRO" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Faroe Islands</option> <option value="FJI" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Fiji</option> <option value="FIN" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Finland</option> <option value="FRA" isgdpr="True" isus="False">France</option> <option value="GUF" isgdpr="False" isus="False">French Guiana</option> <option value="PYF" isgdpr="False" isus="False">French Polynesia</option> <option value="ATF" isgdpr="False" isus="False">French Southern Territories</option> <option value="GAB" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Gabon</option> <option value="GMB" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Gambia</option> <option value="GEO" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Georgia</option> <option value="DEU" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Germany</option> <option value="GHA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Ghana</option> <option value="GIB" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Gibraltar</option> <option value="GRC" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Greece</option> <option value="GRL" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Greenland</option> <option value="GRD" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Grenada</option> <option value="GLP" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Guadeloupe</option> <option value="GUM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Guam</option> <option value="GTM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Guatemala</option> <option value="GGY" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Guernsey</option> <option value="GIN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Guinea</option> <option value="GNB" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Guinea-Bissau</option> <option value="GUY" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Guyana</option> <option value="HTI" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Haiti</option> <option value="HMD" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</option> <option value="VAT" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Holy See (Vatican City State)</option> <option value="HND" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Honduras</option> <option value="HKG" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Hong Kong</option> <option value="HUN" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Hungary</option> <option value="ISL" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Iceland</option> <option value="IND" isgdpr="False" isus="False">India</option> <option value="IDN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Indonesia</option> <option value="IRN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Iran, Islamic Republic of</option> <option value="IRQ" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Iraq</option> <option value="IRL" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Ireland</option> <option value="IMN" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Isle of Man</option> <option value="ISR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Israel</option> <option value="ITA" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Italy</option> <option value="JAM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Jamaica</option> <option value="JPN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Japan</option> <option value="JEY" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Jersey</option> <option value="JOR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Jordan</option> <option value="KAZ" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Kazakhstan</option> <option value="KEN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Kenya</option> <option value="KIR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Kiribati</option> <option value="PRK" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Korea, Democratic People's Republic of</option> <option value="KOR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Korea, Republic of</option> <option value="KWT" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Kuwait</option> <option value="KGZ" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Kyrgyzstan</option> <option value="LAO" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Lao People's Democratic Republic</option> <option value="LVA" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Latvia</option> <option value="LBN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Lebanon</option> <option value="LSO" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Lesotho</option> <option value="LBR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Liberia</option> <option value="LBY" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Libya</option> <option value="LIE" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Liechtenstein</option> <option value="LTU" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Lithuania</option> <option value="LUX" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Luxembourg</option> <option value="MAC" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Macao</option> <option value="MKD" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of</option> <option value="MDG" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Madagascar</option> <option value="MWI" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Malawi</option> <option value="MYS" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Malaysia</option> <option value="MDV" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Maldives</option> <option value="MLI" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Mali</option> <option value="MLT" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Malta</option> <option value="MHL" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Marshall Islands</option> <option value="MTQ" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Martinique</option> <option value="MRT" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Mauritania</option> <option value="MUS" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Mauritius</option> <option value="MYT" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Mayotte</option> <option value="MEX" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Mexico</option> <option value="FSM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Micronesia, Federated States of</option> <option value="MDA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Moldova, Republic of</option> <option value="MCO" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Monaco</option> <option value="MNG" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Mongolia</option> <option value="MNE" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Montenegro</option> <option value="MSR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Montserrat</option> <option value="MAR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Morocco</option> <option value="MOZ" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Mozambique</option> <option value="MMR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Myanmar</option> <option value="NAM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Namibia</option> <option value="NRU" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Nauru</option> <option value="NPL" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Nepal</option> <option value="NLD" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Netherlands</option> <option value="NCL" isgdpr="False" isus="False">New Caledonia</option> <option value="NZL" isgdpr="False" isus="False">New Zealand</option> <option value="NIC" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Nicaragua</option> <option value="NER" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Niger</option> <option value="NGA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Nigeria</option> <option value="NIU" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Niue</option> <option value="NFK" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Norfolk Island</option> <option value="MNP" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Northern Mariana Islands</option> <option value="NOR" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Norway</option> <option value="PAK" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Pakistan</option> <option value="OMN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Oman</option> <option value="PLW" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Palau</option> <option value="PSE" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Palestinian Territory, Occupied</option> <option value="PAN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Panama</option> <option value="PRY" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Paraguay</option> <option value="PNG" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Papua New Guinea</option> <option value="PER" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Peru</option> <option value="PHL" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Philippines</option> <option value="PCN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Pitcairn</option> <option value="POL" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Poland</option> <option value="PRT" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Portugal</option> <option value="PRI" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Puerto Rico</option> <option value="QAT" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Qatar</option> <option value="REU" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Réunion</option> <option value="ROU" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Romania</option> <option value="RUS" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Russian Federation</option> <option value="RWA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Rwanda</option> <option value="BLM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Saint Barthélemy</option> <option value="SHN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</option> <option value="KNA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Saint Kitts and Nevis</option> <option value="LCA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Saint Lucia</option> <option value="MAF" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Saint Martin (French part)</option> <option value="SPM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</option> <option value="VCT" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</option> <option value="WSM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Samoa</option> <option value="SMR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">San Marino</option> <option value="STP" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Sao Tome and Principe</option> <option value="SAU" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Saudi Arabia</option> <option value="SEN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Senegal</option> <option value="SRB" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Serbia</option> <option value="SYC" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Seychelles</option> <option value="SLE" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Sierra Leone</option> <option value="SGP" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Singapore</option> <option value="SXM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Sint Maarten (Dutch part)</option> <option value="SVK" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Slovakia</option> <option value="SVN" isgdpr="True" isus="False">Slovenia</option> <option value="SLB" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Solomon Islands</option> <option value="SOM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Somalia</option> <option value="ZAF" isgdpr="False" isus="False">South Africa</option> <option value="SGS" isgdpr="False" isus="False">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</option> <option value="SSD" isgdpr="False" isus="False">South Sudan</option> <option value="ESP" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Spain</option> <option value="LKA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Sri Lanka</option> <option value="SDN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Sudan</option> <option value="SUR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Suriname</option> <option value="SJM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Svalbard and Jan Mayen</option> <option value="SWZ" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Eswatini (Swaziland)</option> <option value="SWE" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Sweden</option> <option value="CHE" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Switzerland</option> <option value="SYR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Syrian Arab Republic</option> <option value="TWN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Taiwan, Province of China</option> <option value="TJK" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Tajikistan</option> <option value="TZA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Tanzania, United Republic of</option> <option value="THA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Thailand</option> <option value="TLS" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Timor-Leste</option> <option value="TGO" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Togo</option> <option value="TKL" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Tokelau</option> <option value="TON" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Tonga</option> <option value="TTO" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Trinidad and Tobago</option> <option value="TUN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Tunisia</option> <option value="TUR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Turkey</option> <option value="TKM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Turkmenistan</option> <option value="TCA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Turks and Caicos Islands</option> <option value="TUV" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Tuvalu</option> <option value="UGA" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Uganda</option> <option value="UKR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Ukraine</option> <option value="ARE" isgdpr="False" isus="False">United Arab Emirates</option> <option value="GBR" isgdpr="True" isus="False">United Kingdom</option> <option value="UMI" isgdpr="False" isus="False">United States Minor Outlying Islands</option> <option value="URY" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Uruguay</option> <option value="UZB" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Uzbekistan</option> <option value="VUT" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Vanuatu</option> <option value="VNM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Viet Nam</option> <option value="VEN" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of</option> <option value="VGB" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Virgin Islands, British</option> <option value="VIR" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Virgin Islands, U.S.</option> <option value="WLF" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Wallis and Futuna</option> <option value="ESH" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Western Sahara</option> <option value="YEM" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Yemen</option> <option value="ZMB" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Zambia</option> <option value="ZWE" isgdpr="False" isus="False">Zimbabwe</option> </select><span id="ph_scontent1_6_lblSelect_primary_job_function03" class="omedaDynamicFormLabel" for="ddlSelect_primary_job_function03">Select primary job function*</span><select name="ph_scontent1_6$ddlSelect_primary_job_function03" id="ph_scontent1_6_ddlSelect_primary_job_function03" class="omedaDynamicFormDropDown" placeholder="Select primary job function*" lcsquestionid=""> <option value=""></option> <option value="37077">Elected Official/Legislative Staff</option> <option value="37078">Board/Committee/Commission Member</option> <option value="37079">C-Level Management/Command</option> <option value="37080">Executive/Senior IT Management</option> <option value="37081">IT Systems / Network Management</option> <option value="37082">Application Development / Programming</option> <option value="37083">Data Communications / Telecom</option> <option value="37084">IT Project Management</option> <option value="37085">Research and Development</option> <option value="37086">Engineering/Tech Services</option> <option value="37088">Other IT</option> <option value="37089">Program Management</option> <option value="37090">Procurement / Purchasing</option> <option value="37087">Other</option> </select><span id="ph_scontent1_6_lblSelect_agency_branch_business_type04" class="omedaDynamicFormLabel" for="ddlSelect_agency_branch_business_type04">Select agency/branch/business type*</span><select name="ph_scontent1_6$ddlSelect_agency_branch_business_type04" id="ph_scontent1_6_ddlSelect_agency_branch_business_type04" class="omedaDynamicFormDropDown" placeholder="Select agency/branch/business type*" lcsquestionid=""> <option value=""></option> <option value="37031">OSD/Joint Staffs</option> <option value="37032">Air Force</option> <option value="37033">Army</option> <option value="37034">Navy</option> <option value="37035">Marine Corps</option> <option value="37036">Defense Agencies</option> <option value="37037">Other DOD</option> <option value="37038">Intelligence Agencies (incl ODNI. CIA. NSA.)</option> <option value="37039">Executive Office of the President (incl. OMB. OSTP)</option> <option value="37040">Agriculture (USDA)</option> <option value="37041">Commerce (DOC)</option> <option value="37042">Education (ED)</option> <option value="37043">Energy (DOE)</option> <option value="37044">Health and Human Services (HHS)</option> <option value="37045">Homeland Security (DHS)</option> <option value="37046">Housing and Urban Development (HUD)</option> <option value="37047">Interior (DOI)</option> <option value="37048">Justice (DOJ)</option> <option value="37049">Labor (DOL)</option> <option value="37050">State (DOS)</option> <option value="37051">Transportation (DOT)</option> <option value="37052">Treasury</option> <option value="37053">Veterans Affairs (VA)</option> <option value="37054">EPA</option> <option value="37055">GSA</option> <option value="37056">NASA</option> <option value="37057">NSF</option> <option value="37058">SBA</option> <option value="37059">SSA</option> <option value="37060">USPS</option> <option value="37061">Other Independent Agencies</option> <option value="37062">Legislative</option> <option value="37063">Judiciary</option> <option value="37064">Other Federal Government</option> </select><div id="form-footer"> <div class="agreement">I agree to this site's <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://1105media.com/pages/privacy-policy.aspx" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a></div> </div> </div> <input type="submit" name="ph_scontent1_6$btnSubmit" value="Submit" onclick="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions("ph_scontent1_6$btnSubmit", "", true, "OmedaDynamicForm", "", false, false))" id="ph_scontent1_6_btnSubmit"/> </div> </div> </div> <noindex>  <div id="popular"> <div class="tabbedFields"> <ul class="tabMenu"> <li><a href="javascript:;">Most Popular Articles</a></li> <li><a href="javascript:;">Most Emailed Articles</a></li> </ul>  <div class="tabContent"> <h3><a id="ph_scontent1_7_PopularItemsRepeater_StoryHeadlineHyperLink_0" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/10/19/security-optimization.aspx">It’s time for a better approach to cybersecurity</a></h3> <h3><a id="ph_scontent1_7_PopularItemsRepeater_StoryHeadlineHyperLink_1" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/10/20/cyber-solarium-china-supply-chain.aspx">US has a ‘China problem,’ cyber commission says</a></h3> <h3><a id="ph_scontent1_7_PopularItemsRepeater_StoryHeadlineHyperLink_2" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/10/19/rural-health-pandemic.aspx">Rural health cooperatives are challenged by connectivity and social distancing – but are innovating</a></h3> <h3><a id="ph_scontent1_7_PopularItemsRepeater_StoryHeadlineHyperLink_3" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/10/19/election-security.aspx">Security gaps could undermine confidence in election results</a></h3> <h3><a id="ph_scontent1_7_PopularItemsRepeater_StoryHeadlineHyperLink_4" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/10/20/lunanet.aspx">LunaNet: NASA’s plan for internet on the Moon </a></h3> </div>  <div class="tabContent"> <h3><a id="ph_scontent1_7_PopulareEmailRepeater_StoryHeadlineHyperLink_0" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/10/19/cdm-enterprise-defense.aspx">CDM: Government’s defensive coordinator</a></h3> <h3><a id="ph_scontent1_7_PopulareEmailRepeater_StoryHeadlineHyperLink_1" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/10/16/sensing-scooters-sidewalks.aspx">Keeping e-scooters off sidewalks</a></h3> </div> </div> </div>  </noindex><div class="adwrapper"> <div class="ad"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-BOX_R4-0007"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-BOX_R4-0007'); }); </script> <noscript> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dBOX_R4%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=300x250|300x600|300x480|300x850| 1x1&tile=7&c=123456789" target="_blank"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216im_/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dBOX_R4%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=300x250|300x600|300x480|300x850| 1x1&tile=7&c=123456789" border="0" alt=""/> </a> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="ad"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-Tile_R1-0008"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-Tile_R1-0008'); }); </script> <noscript> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dTile_R1%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=300x90|1x1&tile=8&c=123456789" target="_blank"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216im_/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dTile_R1%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=300x90|1x1&tile=8&c=123456789" border="0" alt=""/> </a> </noscript> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ph_scontent1_12_divListBox" class="defaultbox"> <h4 id="ph_scontent1_12_h4Header" class="L1CommonDLBheader">New from GCN</h4> <ul> <li id="ph_scontent1_12_lvItemList_liListItem_0"> <h3 id="ph_scontent1_12_lvItemList_h3Title_0"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/10/20/wisconsin-ui-cloud.aspx">Wisconsin turns to cloud to streamline unemployment processing</a></h3> <p id="ph_scontent1_12_lvItemList_pSummary_0" class="summary"> </p> <div class="MemberContentDescription"></div> <div class="MemberContentPurchase"></div> </li> <li id="ph_scontent1_12_lvItemList_liListItem_1"> <h3 id="ph_scontent1_12_lvItemList_h3Title_1"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/10/20/cyber-solarium-china-supply-chain.aspx">US has a ‘China problem,’ cyber commission says</a></h3> <p id="ph_scontent1_12_lvItemList_pSummary_1" class="summary"> </p> <div class="MemberContentDescription"></div> <div class="MemberContentPurchase"></div> </li> <li id="ph_scontent1_12_lvItemList_liListItem_2"> <h3 id="ph_scontent1_12_lvItemList_h3Title_2"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/10/20/lunanet.aspx">LunaNet: NASA’s plan for internet on the Moon </a></h3> <p id="ph_scontent1_12_lvItemList_pSummary_2" class="summary"> </p> <div class="MemberContentDescription"></div> <div class="MemberContentPurchase"></div> </li> <li id="ph_scontent1_12_lvItemList_liListItem_3"> <h3 id="ph_scontent1_12_lvItemList_h3Title_3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/10/20/openet-water-management.aspx">Open cloud platform delivers water consumption models</a></h3> <p id="ph_scontent1_12_lvItemList_pSummary_3" class="summary"> </p> <div class="MemberContentDescription"></div> <div class="MemberContentPurchase"></div> </li> <li id="ph_scontent1_12_lvItemList_liListItem_4"> <h3 id="ph_scontent1_12_lvItemList_h3Title_4"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/10/19/rural-health-pandemic.aspx">Rural health cooperatives are challenged by connectivity and social distancing – but are innovating</a></h3> <p id="ph_scontent1_12_lvItemList_pSummary_4" class="summary"> </p> <div class="MemberContentDescription"></div> <div class="MemberContentPurchase"></div> </li> </ul> <div id="ph_scontent1_12_dvPagination" class="pagination"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="xContent"> <div class="ad"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-LEAD_2-0009"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-LEAD_2-0009'); }); </script> <noscript> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dLEAD_2%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=728x90| 1x1&tile=9&c=123456789" target="_blank"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216im_/https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?iu=/5978/eof.gcn/TC_COVID&t=item%253d76941316_f309_4444_910f_b457e5c1580a%26pos%253dLEAD_2%26Topic%253dData_and_Analytics%252cCOVID_19%252cState_and_Local%252cTrending%252cSectors&sz=728x90| 1x1&tile=9&c=123456789" border="0" alt=""/> </a> </noscript> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer role="contentinfo" class="footer"> <div class="crosspubwrapper"> <div id="ph_footer1_1_divBlockBox" class="CrossPubTitle crosspubtitle"> <h3 id="ph_footer1_1_h3Header">More from Public Sector 360</h3> </div><div class="crosspubcontainer"> <div id="ph_footer1_3_divListBox" class="CrossPubDS crosspub ds"> <h3 id="ph_footer1_3_h3Header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://defensesystems.com/">Defense Systems</a></h3> <ul id="ph_footer1_3_lvOuterList_ulListItem_0"> <li id="ph_footer1_3_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_liListItem_0"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://defensesystems.com/articles/2020/10/14/army-augmented-reality-training.aspx">Army tests out augmented reality with training </a> <p id="ph_footer1_3_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_pSummary_0" class="summary"> </p> </li> <li id="ph_footer1_3_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_liListItem_1"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://defensesystems.com/articles/2020/10/14/disa-seti-small-biz.aspx">DISA touts SETI for small business contracts</a> <p id="ph_footer1_3_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_pSummary_1" class="summary"> </p> </li> <li id="ph_footer1_3_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_liListItem_2"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://defensesystems.com/articles/2020/10/14/dod-data-strategy.aspx">Pentagon releases long-awaited data strategy </a> <p id="ph_footer1_3_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_pSummary_2" class="summary"> </p> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="ph_footer1_4_divListBox" class="CrossPubFS crosspub fs"> <h3 id="ph_footer1_4_h3Header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://federalsoup.com/">Federal Soup</a></h3> <ul id="ph_footer1_4_lvOuterList_ulListItem_0"> <li id="ph_footer1_4_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_liListItem_0"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://federalsoup.com/articles/2020/10/20/vol68no2000-pdf.aspx">View the October, 19 2020 FEND issue as a PDF </a> <p id="ph_footer1_4_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_pSummary_0" class="summary"> </p> </li> <li id="ph_footer1_4_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_liListItem_1"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://federalsoup.com/articles/2020/10/19/vol68no2001-army-boosts-data-talent-recruitment.aspx">Army boosts data talent recruitment</a> <p id="ph_footer1_4_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_pSummary_1" class="summary"> </p> </li> <li id="ph_footer1_4_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_liListItem_2"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://federalsoup.com/articles/2020/10/19/vol68no2002-fbi-other-feds-help-thwart-michigan-plot.aspx">FBI, other feds help thwart Michigan plot</a> <p id="ph_footer1_4_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_pSummary_2" class="summary"> </p> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="ph_footer1_5_divListBox" class="CrossPubFCW crosspub fcw"> <h3 id="ph_footer1_5_h3Header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://fcw.com/">FCW</a></h3> <ul id="ph_footer1_5_lvOuterList_ulListItem_0"> <li id="ph_footer1_5_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_liListItem_0"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://fcw.com/articles/2020/10/20/labor-dept-eo-contractors-diversity-crackdown.aspx">Key questions remain for contractors about diversity training regulations</a> <p id="ph_footer1_5_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_pSummary_0" class="summary"> </p> </li> <li id="ph_footer1_5_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_liListItem_1"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://fcw.com/articles/2020/10/20/nitaac-ciosp4-rfp-onsked.aspx">NITAAC CIO-SP4 on track</a> <p id="ph_footer1_5_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_pSummary_1" class="summary"> </p> </li> <li id="ph_footer1_5_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_liListItem_2"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://fcw.com/articles/2020/10/20/nsa-defense-contractor-cyber-warning.aspx">NSA warns contractors on China hacks</a> <p id="ph_footer1_5_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_pSummary_2" class="summary"> </p> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="ph_footer1_6_divListBox" class="CrossPubWT crosspub wt"> <h3 id="ph_footer1_6_h3Header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://washingtontechnology.com/">Washington Technology</a></h3> <ul id="ph_footer1_6_lvOuterList_ulListItem_0"> <li id="ph_footer1_6_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_liListItem_0"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://washingtontechnology.com/articles/2020/10/20/insights-faulkner-ai-agency-future.aspx">The near and long term benefits AI offers federal cyber leaders</a> <p id="ph_footer1_6_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_pSummary_0" class="summary"> </p> </li> <li id="ph_footer1_6_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_liListItem_1"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://washingtontechnology.com/articles/2020/10/20/lockheed-manda-5g.aspx">Acquisitions and '5G.mil' on the mind of Lockheed's CEO</a> <p id="ph_footer1_6_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_pSummary_1" class="summary"> </p> </li> <li id="ph_footer1_6_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_liListItem_2"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://washingtontechnology.com/articles/2020/10/20/enlightenment-kevin-kelly.aspx">Enlightenment Capital's advisory board adds former LGS CEO</a> <p id="ph_footer1_6_lvOuterList_lvItemList_0_pSummary_2" class="summary"> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site"> <div class="inner"> <div class="logo"><img src="/web/20201021131216im_/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/09/21/~/media/GIG/GCN/Web/2018/site/gcn_logo.svg" alt="GCN | The Technology that Drives Government IT"></div> <ul class="siteLinks"> <li><a href="/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/pages/about.aspx">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/pages/contact.aspx">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> <ul class="brandLinks"> <li><a href="/web/20201021131216/https://gcn.com/pages/digital-editions.aspx">Digital Edition</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://publicsector.1105media.com/pages/2013/gov/gcn.aspx">Advertise</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/http://www.1105reprints.com/">Reprints</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://www.meritdirect.com/1105-media/">List Rental</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://employeesvote.com/about"><img src="/web/20201021131216im_/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/09/21/~/media/GIG/EDIT_SHARED/Logos/evlogo_w.png" width="75"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://www.vote.org/"><img src="/web/20201021131216im_/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/09/21/~/media/GIG/EDIT_SHARED/Logos/vlogo.png" width="100"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="company"> <div class="legal"> <ul> <li>©<script type="text/javascript">var year = new Date(); if(year == year.getFullYear()) year = year.getFullYear(); else year = year.getFullYear(); document.write(year);</script> 1105 Media, Inc.</li> <li>View our <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://www.1105media.com/privacy.aspx">Privacy Policy</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://1105media.com/terms.html">Terms of Service</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://1105media.com/pages/privacy-policy.aspx#_Toc520738059">CA: Do Not Sell My Personal Info</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131216/https://www.publicsector360.com/"><img src="/web/20201021131216im_/https://gcn.com/articles/2020/09/21/~/media/GIG/PublicSector360/images/ps360_logo_final.png" alt="1105 Media"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="scripts"> <script type="text/javascript"> function iframeBusterNativeHome() { if($( 'div[id*="promo1"]' ).hasClass( 'ad-loaded' )){ $('.ad div[id*="promo1"] div iframe').attr('class','iframe-buster-native-home'); var iframeNativeHome = document.getElementsByClassName('iframe-buster-native-home'); iframe = iframeNativeHome[0]; var innerDoc = iframe.contentDocument || iframe.contentWindow.document; if(innerDoc.body.innerHTML.length == 0){ $('div[id*="promo1"]').parent().css("display", "none"); } $('div[id*="promo1"]').append(innerDoc.body.innerHTML); } } function iframeBusterNativeArticle() { if($( 'div[id*="promo2"]' ).hasClass( 'ad-loaded' )){ $('.ad div[id*="promo2"] div iframe').attr('class','iframe-buster-native-article'); var iframeNativeHome = document.getElementsByClassName('iframe-buster-native-article'); iframe = iframeNativeHome[0]; var innerDoc = iframe.contentDocument || iframe.contentWindow.document; if(innerDoc.body.innerHTML.length == 0){$('div[id*="promo2"]').parent().css("display", "none"); } $('div[id*="promo2"]').append(innerDoc.body.innerHTML); } } $(window).bind("load", function() {setTimeout(function(){iframeBusterNativeHome();}, 500); }); $(window).bind("load", function() {setTimeout(function(){iframeBusterNativeArticle();}, 500); }); </script> <style> .ad div[id*="promo1"] div iframe{ display: none !important; // Hide the iframe after buster cleans out the markup } .ad div[id*="promo2"] div iframe{ display: none !important; // Hide the iframe after buster cleans out the markup } .ad div[id*="underarticlenative1"] div iframe{ display: none !important; // Hide the iframe after buster cleans out the markup } .ad div[id*="underarticlenative2"] div iframe{ display: none !important; // Hide the iframe after buster cleans out the markup } // NativeAds Home .whatsnew li[id*='NativeAd']{display: none;} //Native bottom artice Featured .bottomarticles li[id*='NativeArticleAd']{display: none;background: none;} //Class used to show native ad if the ad fires, added by js .show-native {display: block !important;} </style> <script type="text/javascript"> // Delay to allow the async Google Ads to load setTimeout(function() { // Get the first AdSense ad unit on the page var ad = document.querySelector("ins.adsbygoogle"); // If the ads are not loaded, track the event if (ad && ad.innerHTML.replace(/\s/g, "").length == 0) { if (typeof ga !== 'undefined') { // Log an event in Universal Analytics // but without affecting overall bounce rate ga('send', 'event', 'Adblock', 'Yes', {'nonInteraction': 1}); } else if (typeof _gaq !== 'undefined') { // Log a non-interactive event in old Google Analytics _gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'Adblock', 'Yes', undefined, undefined, true]);}}}, 2000); // Run ad block detection 2 seconds after page load}; </script>  <script> (function() { var d=document,h=d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0],s=d.createElement('script'),sc = 'https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://' : 'http://'; s.type='text/javascript'; s.async=true; s.src=sc+'s.dpmsrv.com/dpm_a93c168323147d1135503939396cac628dc194c5.min.js'; h.appendChild(s); })(); </script> </div> </div> <div class="ad"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var postbackElement = null; var prm = Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager.getInstance(); prm.add_endRequest(RestoreFocus); prm.add_beginRequest(SavePostbackElement); function RestoreFocus(source, args) { document.getElementById(postbackElement.id).focus(); } function SavePostbackElement(source, args) { postbackElement = args.get_postBackElement(); } function fireFoxFix(e){ if( navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().indexOf('firefox') > -1 ){ var KeyCode = (e.which) ? e.which : e.keyCode; if (KeyCode != 9) { var controll = e.currentTarget; controll.blur(); controll.focus(); } } }//]]> </script> </form> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Why risk is a range -- not a number -- GCN