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hydrochloride</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: diltiazem hydrochloride"> <meta name="keywords" content="diltiazem hydrochloride"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="diltiazem hydrochloride"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 54</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: diltiazem hydrochloride</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Effect of Ethyl Cellulose and Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose Polymer on the Release Profile of Diltiazem Hydrochloride Sustained Release Pellets </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahana%20Sharmin">Shahana Sharmin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, the effect of cellulose polymers Ethyl Cellulose and Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose was evaluated on the release profile of drug from sustained release pellet. Diltiazem Hydrochloride, an antihypertensive, cardio-protective agent and slow channel blocker were used as a model drug to evaluate its release characteristics from different pellets formulations. Diltiazem Hydrochloride sustained release pellets were prepared by drug loading (drug binder suspension) on neutral pellets followed by different percentages of spraying, i.e. 2%,4%, 6%, 8% and 10% coating suspension using ethyl cellulose and hydroxy-propyl methyl cellulose polymer in a fixed 85:15 ratios respectively. The in vitro dissolution studies of Diltiazem Hydrochloride from these sustained release pellets were carried out in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 hrs using USP-I method. Statistically, significant differences were found among the drug release profile from different formulations. Polymer content with the highest concentration of Ethyl cellulose on the pellets shows the highest release retarding rate of the drug. The retarding capacity decreases with the decreased concentration of ethyl cellulose. The release mechanism was explored and explained with zero order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer’s equations. Finally, the study showed that the profile and kinetics of drug release were functions of polymer type, polymer concentration & the physico-chemical properties of the drug. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diltiazem%20hydrochloride" title="diltiazem hydrochloride">diltiazem hydrochloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethyl%20cellulose" title=" ethyl cellulose"> ethyl cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxy%20propyl%20methyl%20cellulose" title=" hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose"> hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=release%20kinetics" title=" release kinetics"> release kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustained%20release%20pellets" title=" sustained release pellets"> sustained release pellets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21180/effect-of-ethyl-cellulose-and-hydroxy-propyl-methyl-cellulose-polymer-on-the-release-profile-of-diltiazem-hydrochloride-sustained-release-pellets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Protective Effect of Protocatechuic Acid Alone and in Combination with Ascorbic Acid in Aniline Hydrochloride Induced Spleen Toxicity in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aman%20Upaganlawar">Aman Upaganlawar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Upasana%20Khairnar"> Upasana Khairnar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandrashekhar%20Upasani"> Chandrashekhar Upasani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of protocatechuic acid alone and in combination with ascorbic acid in aniline hydrochloride-induced spleen toxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats of either sex (200-250g) were used and divided into different groups. Spleen toxicity was induced by aniline hydrochloride (100 ppm) in drinking water for 28 days. Treatment group received protocatechuic acid (40 mg/kg/day, p.o), ascorbic acid (40 mg/kg/day, p.o), and combination of protocatechuic acid (20 mg/kg/day, p.o) and ascorbic acid (20 mg/kg/day, p.o) followed by aniline hydrochloride. At the end of treatment period, serum and tissue parameters were evaluated. Rats supplemented with aniline hydrochloride showed a significant alteration in body weight, spleen weight, feed consumption, water intake, hematological parameters (Hemoglobin content, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells and Total iron content), tissue parameters (Lipid peroxidation, Reduced glutathione, Nitric oxide content) compared to control group. Histopathology of aniline hydrochloride-induced spleen showed significant damage compared to control rats. Treatment with Protocatechuic acid along with ascorbic acid showed better protection as compared to protocatechuic acid or ascorbic acid alone in aniline hydrochloride-induced spleen toxicity. In conclusion Treatment with protocatechuic acid and ascorbic acid in combination showed significant protection in aniline hydrochloride-induced splenic toxicity in rats. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aniline" title="aniline">aniline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spleen%20toxicity" title=" spleen toxicity"> spleen toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protocatechuic%20acid" title=" protocatechuic acid"> protocatechuic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ascorbic%20acid" title=" ascorbic acid"> ascorbic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidants" title=" antioxidants"> antioxidants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52559/protective-effect-of-protocatechuic-acid-alone-and-in-combination-with-ascorbic-acid-in-aniline-hydrochloride-induced-spleen-toxicity-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Proliferative Effect of Some Calcium Channel Blockers on the Human Embryonic Kidney Cell Line</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukman%20Ahmad%20Jamil">Lukman Ahmad Jamil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heather%20M.%20Wallace"> Heather M. Wallace</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Numerous epidemiological studies have shown a positive as well as negative association and no association in some cases between chronic use of calcium channel blockers and the increased risk of developing cancer. However, these associations were enmeshed with controversies in the absence of laboratory based studies to back up those claims. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine in mechanistic terms the association between the long-term administration of nifedipine and diltiazem and increased risk of developing cancer using the human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line. Methods: Cell counting using the Trypan blue dye exclusion and 3-4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were used to investigate the effect of nifedipine and diltiazem on the growth pattern of HEK293 cells. Protein assay using modified Lowry method and analysis of intracellular polyamines concentration using Liquid Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) were performed to ascertain the mechanism through which chronic use of nifedipine increases the risk of developing cancer. Results: Both nifedipine and diltiazem significantly increased the proliferation of HEK293 cells dose and time dependently. This proliferative effect after 24, 48 and 72-hour incubation period was observed at 0.78, 1.56 and 25 µM for nifedipine and 0.39, 1.56 and 25 µM for diltiazem, respectively. The increased proliferation of the cells was found to be statistically significantly (p<0.05). Furthermore, the increased proliferation of the cells induced by nifedipine was associated with the increase in the protein content and elevated intracellular polyamines concentration level. Conclusion: The chronic use of nifedipine is associated with increased proliferation of cells with concomitant elevation of polyamines concentration and elevated polyamine levels have been implicated in many malignant transformations and hence, these provide a possible explanation on the link between long term use of nifedipine and development of some human cancers. Further studies are needed to evaluate the cause of this association. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title="cancer">cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nifedipine" title=" nifedipine"> nifedipine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyamine" title=" polyamine"> polyamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proliferation" title=" proliferation"> proliferation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77684/proliferative-effect-of-some-calcium-channel-blockers-on-the-human-embryonic-kidney-cell-line" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Formulation Design and Optimization of Orodispersible Tablets of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Having Adequate Mechanical Strength</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiwan%20P.%20Lavande">Jiwan P. Lavande</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20V.%20Chandewar"> A. V. Chandewar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, orodispersible tablets of diphenhydramine hydrochloride were prepared using croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone and camphor, menthol (as subliming agents) in different ratios and ODTs prepared with superdisintegrants were compared with ODTs prepared with camphor and menthol (subliming agents) for the following evaluation of in vitro disintegration time, dispersion time, wetting time, hardness and water absorption ratio. Results revealed that the tablets of all formulations have acceptable physical parameters. The drug and excipients compatibility study was evaluated using FTIR technique and has not detected any incompatibility. The in vitro release of drug from DC6 formulation was quick when compared to other formulations. Stability study was carried out as per ICH guidelines for three months and results revealed that upon storage disintegration time of tablets had not shown any significant difference. Microscopic study of different formulations of sublimed tablets showed formation of pores for the tablets prepared by sublimation method. Thus, conclusion can be made that the stable orodispersible tablets of diphenhydramine hydrochloride can be developed for the rapid release of diphenhydramine hydrochloride. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orodispersible%20tablet" title="orodispersible tablet">orodispersible tablet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subliming%20agent" title=" subliming agent"> subliming agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=super%20disintegrants" title=" super disintegrants"> super disintegrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diphenhydramine%20hydrochloride" title=" diphenhydramine hydrochloride"> diphenhydramine hydrochloride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4238/formulation-design-and-optimization-of-orodispersible-tablets-of-diphenhydramine-hydrochloride-having-adequate-mechanical-strength" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Determination of Verapamil Hydrochloride in the Tablet and Injection Solution by the Verapamil-Sensitive Electrode and Possibilities of Application in Pharmaceutical Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20A.%20Salih">Faisal A. Salih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20V.%20Egorov"> V. V. Egorov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Verapamil is a drug used in medicine for arrhythmia, angina, and hypertension as a calcium channel blocker. In this study, a Verapamil-selective electrode was prepared, and the concentrations of the components in the membrane were as follows: PVC (32.8 wt %), O-NPhOE (66.6 wt %), and KTPClPB (0.6 wt % or approximately 0.01 M). The inner solution containing verapamil hydrochloride 1 x 10⁻³ M was introduced, and the electrodes were conditioned overnight in 1 x 10⁻³ M verapamil hydrochloride solution in 1 x 10⁻³ M orthophosphoric acid. These studies have demonstrated that O-NPhOE and KTPClPB are the best plasticizers and ion exchangers, while both direct potentiometry and potentiometric titration methods can be used for the determination of verapamil hydrochloride in tablets and injection solutions. Normalized weights of verapamil per tablet (80.4±0.2, 80.7±0.2, 81.0±0.4 mg) were determined by direct potentiometry and potentiometric titration, respectively. Weights of verapamil per average tablet weight determined by the methods of direct potentiometry and potentiometric titration were" 80.4±0.2, 80.7±0.2 mg determined for the same set of tablets, respectively. The masses of verapamil in solutions for injection, determined by direct potentiometry for two ampoules from one set, were (5.00±0.015, 5.004±0.006) mg. In all cases, good reproducibility and excellent correspondence with the declared quantities were observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verapamil" title="verapamil">verapamil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potentiometry" title=" potentiometry"> potentiometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion-selective%20electrode" title=" ion-selective electrode"> ion-selective electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipophilic%20physiologically%20active%20amines" title=" lipophilic physiologically active amines"> lipophilic physiologically active amines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154452/determination-of-verapamil-hydrochloride-in-the-tablet-and-injection-solution-by-the-verapamil-sensitive-electrode-and-possibilities-of-application-in-pharmaceutical-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Effect of Polyethylene Glycol on Physiochemical Properties of Spherical Agglomerates of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20V.%20Patil">S. V. Patil </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Sahoo"> S. K. Sahoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Y.%20Chougule"> K. Y. Chougule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Patil"> S. S. Patil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spherically agglomerated crystals of Pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGH) with improved flowability and compactibility were successfully prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method. Plane agglomerates and agglomerates with additives: polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and β cyclodextrin (β-CD) were prepared using methanol, chloroform and water as good solvent, bridging liquid and poor solvent respectively. Particle size, flowability, compactibility and packability of plane, PEG and β-CD agglomerates were preferably improved for direct tableting compared with raw crystals and PVP agglomerates of PGH. These improved properties of spherically agglomerated crystals were due to their large and spherical shape and enhanced fragmentation during compaction which was well supported by increased tensile strength and less elastic recovery of its compact. X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry study were indicated polymorphic transition of PGH from form II to I during recrystallization but not associated with chemical transition indicated by fourier transforms infrared spectra. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spherical%20crystallization" title="spherical crystallization">spherical crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pioglitazone%20hydrochloride" title=" pioglitazone hydrochloride"> pioglitazone hydrochloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compactibility" title=" compactibility"> compactibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packability" title=" packability"> packability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6995/effect-of-polyethylene-glycol-on-physiochemical-properties-of-spherical-agglomerates-of-pioglitazone-hydrochloride" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Mixed Micellization Study of Adiphenine Hydrochloride with 1-Decyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbul%20B.%20Khan">Abbul B. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neeraj%20Dohare"> Neeraj Dohare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajan%20Patel"> Rajan Patel </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mixed micellization of adiphenine hydrochloride (ADP) with 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C10mim.Cl), was investigated at different mole fractions and temperatures by surface tension measurements. The synergistic behavior (i.e., non-ideal behavior) for binary mixtures was explained by the deviation of critical micelle concentration (cmc) from ideal critical micelle concentration (cmc*), micellar mole fraction (Xim) from ideal micellar mole fraction (Xiideal), the values of interaction parameter (β) and activity coefficients (fi) (for both mixed micelles and mixed monolayer). The excess free energy (∆Gex) for the ADP- C10mim.Cl binary mixtures explain the stability of mixed micelles in comparison to micelles of pure ADP and C10mim.Cl. Interfacial parameters, i.e., Gibbs surface excess (Гmax), minimum head group area at air/ water interface (Amin), and free energy of micellization (ΔG0m) were also evaluated for the systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adiphenine%20hydrochloride" title="adiphenine hydrochloride">adiphenine hydrochloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20micelle%20concentration" title=" critical micelle concentration"> critical micelle concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction%20parameter" title=" interaction parameter"> interaction parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activity%20coefficient" title=" activity coefficient"> activity coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21352/mixed-micellization-study-of-adiphenine-hydrochloride-with-1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium-chloride" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Stability Indicating RP – HPLC Method Development, Validation and Kinetic Study for Amiloride Hydrochloride and Furosemide in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jignasha%20Derasari">Jignasha Derasari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patel%20Krishna%20M"> Patel Krishna M</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Modi%20Jignasa%20G."> Modi Jignasa G.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chemical stability of pharmaceutical molecules is a matter of great concern as it affects the safety and efficacy of the drug product.Stability testing data provides the basis to understand how the quality of a drug substance and drug product changes with time under the influence of various environmental factors. Besides this, it also helps in selecting proper formulation and package as well as providing proper storage conditions and shelf life, which is essential for regulatory documentation. The ICH guideline states that stress testing is intended to identify the likely degradation products which further help in determination of the intrinsic stability of the molecule and establishing degradation pathways, and to validate the stability indicating procedures. A simple, accurate and precise stability indicating RP- HPLC method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Amiloride Hydrochloride and Furosemide in tablet dosage form. Separation was achieved on an Phenomenexluna ODS C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size) by using a mobile phase consisting of Ortho phosphoric acid: Acetonitrile (50:50 %v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min (pH 3.5 adjusted with 0.1 % TEA in Water) isocratic pump mode, Injection volume 20 µl and wavelength of detection was kept at 283 nm. Retention time for Amiloride Hydrochloride and Furosemide was 1.810 min and 4.269 min respectively. Linearity of the proposed method was obtained in the range of 40-60 µg/ml and 320-480 µg/ml and Correlation coefficient was 0.999 and 0.998 for Amiloride hydrochloride and Furosemide, respectively. Forced degradation study was carried out on combined dosage form with various stress conditions like hydrolysis (acid and base hydrolysis), oxidative and thermal conditions as per ICH guideline Q2 (R1). The RP- HPLC method has shown an adequate separation for Amiloride hydrochloride and Furosemide from its degradation products. Proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines for specificity, linearity, accuracy; precision and robustness for estimation of Amiloride hydrochloride and Furosemide in commercially available tablet dosage form and results were found to be satisfactory and significant. The developed and validated stability indicating RP-HPLC method can be used successfully for marketed formulations. Forced degradation studies help in generating degradants in much shorter span of time, mostly a few weeks can be used to develop the stability indicating method which can be applied later for the analysis of samples generated from accelerated and long term stability studies. Further, kinetic study was also performed for different forced degradation parameters of the same combination, which help in determining order of reaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amiloride%20hydrochloride" title="amiloride hydrochloride">amiloride hydrochloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=furosemide" title=" furosemide"> furosemide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic%20study" title=" kinetic study"> kinetic study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20indicating%20RP-HPLC%20method%20validation" title=" stability indicating RP-HPLC method validation"> stability indicating RP-HPLC method validation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35721/stability-indicating-rp-hplc-method-development-validation-and-kinetic-study-for-amiloride-hydrochloride-and-furosemide-in-pharmaceutical-dosage-form" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35721.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Primary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Topical Analgesia Post Haemorrhoidectomy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Jin">James Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weisi%20Xia"> Weisi Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runzhe%20Gao"> Runzhe Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alain%20Vandal"> Alain Vandal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darren%20Svirkis"> Darren Svirkis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Hill"> Andrew Hill</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Post-haemorrhoidectomy pain is concerned by patients/clinicians. Minimizing the postoperation pain is highly interested clinically. Combinations of topical cream targeting three hypothesised post-haemorrhoidectomy pain mechanisms were developed and their effectiveness were evaluated. Specifically, a multi-centred double-blinded randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted in adults undergoing excisional haemorrhoidectomy. The primary analysis was conveyed on the data collected to evaluate the effectiveness of the combinations of topical cream targeting three hypothesized pain mechanisms after the operations. Methods: 192 patients were randomly allocated to 4 arms (each arm has 48 patients), and each arm was provided with pain cream 10% metronidazole (M), M and 2% diltiazem (MD), M with 4% lidocaine (ML), or MDL, respectively. Patients were instructed to apply topical treatments three times a day for 7 days, and record outcomes for 14 days after the operations. The primary outcome was VAS pain on day 4. Covariates and models were selected in the blind review stage. Multiple imputations were applied for the missingness. LMER, GLMER models together with natural splines were applied. Sandwich estimators and Wald statistics were used. P-values < 0.05 were considered as significant. Conclusions: The addition of topical lidocaine or diltiazem to metronidazole does not add any benefit. ML had significantly better pain and recovery scores than combination MDL. Multimodal topical analgesia with ML after haemorrhoidectomy could be considered for further evaluation. Further trials considering only 3 arms (M, ML, MD) might be worth exploring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RCT" title="RCT">RCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20analysis" title=" primary analysis"> primary analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20imputation" title=" multiple imputation"> multiple imputation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20scores" title=" pain scores"> pain scores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haemorrhoidectomy" title=" haemorrhoidectomy"> haemorrhoidectomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analgesia" title=" analgesia"> analgesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lmer" title=" lmer"> lmer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162939/primary-analysis-of-a-randomized-controlled-trial-of-topical-analgesia-post-haemorrhoidectomy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Formulation and Evaluation of Metformin Hydrochloride Microparticles via BÜCHI Nano-Spray Dryer B-90</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamer%20Shehata">Tamer Shehata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, nanotechnology acquired a great interest in the field of pharmaceutical production. Several pharmaceutical equipment were introduced into the research field for production of nanoparticles, among them, BÜCHI’ fourth generation nano-spray dryer B-90. B-90 is specialized with single step of production and drying of nano and microparticles. Currently, our research group is investigating several pharmaceutical formulations utilizing BÜCHI Nano-Spray Dryer B-90 technology. One of our projects is the formulation and evaluation of metformin hydrochloride mucoadhesive microparticles for treatment of type 2-diabetis. Several polymers were investigated, among them, gelatin and sodium alginate. The previous polymers are natural polymers with mucoadhesive properties. Preformulation studies such as atomization head mesh size, flow rate, head temperature, polymer solution viscosity and surface tension were performed. Postformulation characters such as particle size, flowability, surface scan and dissolution profile were evaluated. Finally, the pharmacological activity of certain selected formula was evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. B-90’spray head was 7 µm hole heated to 120 with air flow rate 3.5 mL/min. The viscosity of the solution was less than 11.5 cP with surface tension less than 70.1 dyne/cm. Successfully, discrete, non-aggregated particles and free flowing powders with particle size was less than 2000 nm were obtained. Gelatin and Sodium alginate combination in ratio 1:3 were successfully sustained the in vitro release profile of the drug. Hypoglycemic evaluation of the previous formula showed a significant reduction of blood glucose level over 24 h. In conclusion, mucoadhesive metformin hydrochloride microparticles obtained from B-90 could offer a convenient dosage form with enhanced hypoglycemic activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucoadhesive" title="mucoadhesive">mucoadhesive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microparticles" title=" microparticles"> microparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metformin%20hydrochloride" title=" metformin hydrochloride"> metformin hydrochloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-spray%20dryer" title=" nano-spray dryer"> nano-spray dryer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62255/formulation-and-evaluation-of-metformin-hydrochloride-microparticles-via-buchi-nano-spray-dryer-b-90" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Optimization of Lercanidipine Nanocrystals Using Design of Experiments Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dolly%20Gadhiya">Dolly Gadhiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayvadan%20Patel"> Jayvadan Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mihir%20%20Raval"> Mihir Raval</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lercanidipine hydrochloride is a calcium channel blockers used for treating angina pectoris and hypertension. Lercanidipine is a BCS Class II drug having poor aqueous solubility. Absolute bioavailability of Lercanidipine is very low and the main reason ascribed for this is poor aqueous solubility of the drug. Design and formulatation of nanocrystals by media milling method was main focus of this study. In this present study preliminary optimization was carried out with one factor at a time (OFAT) approach. For this different parameters like size of milling beads, amount of zirconium beads, types of stabilizer, concentrations of stabilizer, concentrations of drug, stirring speeds and milling time were optimized on the basis of particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential. From the OFAT model different levels for above parameters selected for Plackett - Burman Design (PBD). Plackett-Burman design having 13 runs involving 6 independent variables was carried out at higher and lower level. Based on statistical analysis of PBD it was found that concentration of stabilizer, concentration of drug and stirring speed have significant impact on particle size, PDI, zeta potential value and saturation solubility. These experimental designs for preparation of nanocrystals were applied successfully which shows increase in aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of Lercanidipine hydrochloride. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lercanidipine%20hydrochloride" title="Lercanidipine hydrochloride">Lercanidipine hydrochloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystals" title=" nanocrystals"> nanocrystals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFAT" title=" OFAT"> OFAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Plackett%20Burman" title=" Plackett Burman"> Plackett Burman</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81642/optimization-of-lercanidipine-nanocrystals-using-design-of-experiments-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Degradation of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride, Methyl Salicylate and 2-Phenoxyethanol in Water Systems by the Combination UV/Cl2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Javier%20Benitez">F. Javier Benitez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20J.%20Real"> Francisco J. Real</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Luis%20Acero"> Juan Luis Acero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20Casas"> Francisco Casas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Three emerging contaminants (amitriptyline hydrochloride, methyl salicylate and 2-phenoxyethanol) frequently found in waste-waters were selected to be individually degraded in ultra-pure water by the combined advanced oxidation process constituted by UV radiation and chlorine. The influence of pH, initial chlorine concentration and nature of the contaminants was firstly explored. The trend for the reactivity of the selected compounds was deduced: amitriptyline hydrochloride > methyl salicylate > 2-phenoxyethanol. A later kinetic study was carried out and focused on the specific evaluation of the first-order rate constants and the determination of the partial contribution to the global reaction of the direct photochemical pathway and the radical pathway. A comparison between the rate constant values among photochemical experiments without and with the presence of Cl<sub>2</sub> reveals a clear increase in the oxidation efficiency of the combined process with respect to the photochemical reaction alone. In a second stage, the simultaneous oxidation of mixtures of the selected contaminants in several types of water (ultrapure water, surface water from a reservoir, and two secondary effluents) was also performed by the same combination UV/Cl<sub>2 </sub>under more realistic operating conditions. The efficiency of this combined system UV/Cl<sub>2</sub> was compared to other oxidants such as the UV/S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub><sup>2- </sup>and UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> AOPs. Results confirmed that the UV/Cl<sub>2</sub> system provides higher elimination efficiencies among the AOPs tested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emerging%20contaminants" title="emerging contaminants">emerging contaminants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%2Fchlorine%20advanced%20oxidation%20process" title=" UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process"> UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amitriptyline" title=" amitriptyline"> amitriptyline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20salicylate" title=" methyl salicylate"> methyl salicylate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2-phenoxyethanol" title=" 2-phenoxyethanol"> 2-phenoxyethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorination" title=" chlorination"> chlorination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photolysis" title=" photolysis"> photolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51159/degradation-of-amitriptyline-hydrochloride-methyl-salicylate-and-2-phenoxyethanol-in-water-systems-by-the-combination-uvcl2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Transdermal Therapeutic System of Lercanıdipine Hydrochloride: Fabrication and in Vivo Evaluation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiji%20Jose">Jiji Jose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Narayanacharyulu"> R. Narayanacharyulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Molly%20Mathew"> Molly Mathew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jisha%20Prems"> Jisha Prems</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Lercanidipine hydrochloride (LD), an effective calcium channel blocker, widely used for the treatment of chronic stable angina and hypertension seems to be potential transdermal therapeutic system candidate, mainly due to its low oral bio availability, short half life and high first-pass metabolism. Objective: To develop transdermal therapeutic systems for LD and to evaluate its in vivo performance in rabbits. Methodology: Transdermal patches of LD were formulated using the polymer blend of eudragit RL100 (ERL) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) by casting method Propylene glycol (PG) and tween 80 were used as plasticizer and permeation enhancer respectively. The pharmaco kinetic parameters of LD after the administration of transdermal patches was compared with that of oral administration. The study was carried out in a two way crossover design in male New Zealand albino rabbits. Results: The formulation with ERL: PVP ratio 1:4 with 15% w/w PG as plasticizer and 4% w/w tween 80 as permeation enhancer showed the best drug release results. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as Cmax, tmax, mean residence time (MRT) and area under the curve (AUC 0-∞) were significantly different following transdermal administration compared to oral administration. The terminal half life of transdermally administered LD was found to similar that of oral administration. A sustained drug release over a period of 24 hrs was observed after transdermal administration. Conclusion: The fabricated transdermal delivery system have the potential to provide controlled and extended drug release, better bio availability and thus, this may improve the patient compliance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transdermal%20therapeutic%20system" title="transdermal therapeutic system">transdermal therapeutic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lercanidipine%20hydrochloride" title=" lercanidipine hydrochloride"> lercanidipine hydrochloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eudragit" title=" eudragit"> eudragit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skinpermeation" title=" skinpermeation"> skinpermeation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10017/transdermal-therapeutic-system-of-lercanidipine-hydrochloride-fabrication-and-in-vivo-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">615</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Electrochemical Behavior of Cocaine on Carbon Paste Electrode Chemically Modified with Cu(II) Trans 3-MeO Salcn Complex</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Soares%20Castro">Alex Soares Castro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matheus%20Manoel%20Teles%20de%20Menezes"> Matheus Manoel Teles de Menezes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larissa%20Silva%20de%20Azevedo"> Larissa Silva de Azevedo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Carolina%20Caleffi%20Patelli"> Ana Carolina Caleffi Patelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osmair%20Vital%20de%20Oliveira"> Osmair Vital de Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aline%20Thais%20Bruni"> Aline Thais Bruni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelo%20Firmino%20de%20Oliveira"> Marcelo Firmino de Oliveira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering the problem of the seizure of illicit drugs, as well as the development of electrochemical sensors using chemically modified electrodes, this work shows the study of the electrochemical activity of cocaine in carbon paste electrode chemically modified with Cu (II) trans 3-MeO salcn complex. In this context, cyclic voltammetry was performed on 0.1 mol.L⁻¹ KCl supporting electrolyte at a scan speed of 100 mV s⁻¹, using an electrochemical cell composed of three electrodes: Ag /AgCl electrode (filled KCl 3 mol.L⁻¹) from Metrohm® (reference electrode); a platinum spiral electrode, as an auxiliary electrode, and a carbon paste electrode chemically modified with Cu (II) trans 3-MeO complex (as working electrode). Two forms of cocaine were analyzed: cocaine hydrochloride (pH 3) and cocaine free base form (pH 8). The PM7 computational method predicted that the hydrochloride form is more stable than the free base form of cocaine, so with cyclic voltammetry, we found electrochemical signal only for cocaine in the form of hydrochloride, with an anodic peak at 1.10 V, with a linearity range between 2 and 20 μmol L⁻¹ had LD and LQ of 2.39 and 7.26x10-5 mol L⁻¹, respectively. The study also proved that cocaine is adsorbed on the surface of the working electrode, where through an irreversible process, where only anode peaks are observed, we have the oxidation of cocaine, which occurs in the hydrophilic region due to the loss of two electrons. The mechanism of this reaction was confirmed by the ab-inito quantum method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ab-initio%20computational%20method" title="ab-initio computational method">ab-initio computational method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20method" title=" analytical method"> analytical method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cocaine" title=" cocaine"> cocaine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schiff%20base%20complex" title=" Schiff base complex"> Schiff base complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltammetry" title=" voltammetry"> voltammetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93544/electrochemical-behavior-of-cocaine-on-carbon-paste-electrode-chemically-modified-with-cuii-trans-3-meo-salcn-complex" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Effect of Mutagenic Compounds on the Yield of Cultivated Pleurotus Pulmonarius </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simbiat%20O.%20Ayilara-Akande">Simbiat O. Ayilara-Akande</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soji%20Fakoya"> Soji Fakoya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quality and yield are always the target of farmers, including mushroom farmers. This study investigated how better Pleurotus pulmonarius can be obtained with the induction of mutagens into the process of spawn production in order to improve both the quality and the yield. Mushroom spawns were treated with ultraviolet radiation (UV) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HA) at different exposure times (2, 6, and 10 minutes) and different concentrations (10, 30, and 50Mm), respectively. The treated spawns were used to cultivate mushrooms on five substrates in the family of Gramineae viz: sorghum, rice, bamboo, sugarcane, and corn straws. Matured fruit bodies were harvested after a few weeks, and their parameters were taken and recorded. This study reveals a significant yield increase in mushroom grown on all the substrates when treated with ultraviolet radiation (UV) for 10 minutes and 6 minutes, respectively. Mushroom spawns treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride showed a negative correlation in the yield with an increased in mutagen concentration. Hence, Ultraviolet light could be employed to enhance the quality and yield of mushroom production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mushroom" title="mushroom">mushroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein" title=" protein"> protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutagens" title=" mutagens"> mutagens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130332/effect-of-mutagenic-compounds-on-the-yield-of-cultivated-pleurotus-pulmonarius" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Formulation Development and Evaluation of Floating Tablets of Venlafaxine Hydrochloride</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gajera%20Lalit">Gajera Lalit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shah%20Pranav"> Shah Pranav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shah%20Shailesh"> Shah Shailesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Venlafaxine hydrochloride has a short elimination half-life of 5 ± 2 hr, and absorption window in the upper part of gastrointestinal tract. The conventional tablets need to be administered two to three times a day and possess an oral bioavailability of 45%. The purpose of this study was to formulate gastroretentive effervescent floating tablets of Venlafaxine HCl. Different grades of HPMC namely K15M, K4M, K100M and E15LV were employed as swelling polymers whereas sodium bicarbonate was employed as gas generating agent. The direct compression method was employed for the formulation of tablets. The tablets were evaluated in terms of hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, water uptake, in-vitro floating behavior and in-vitro drug release study. All the formulations exhibited very short floating lag time of < 1 min and total floating time of 12 hr. Formulation L3 containing 25 mg and 75 mg of HPMC E15 LV and HPMC K15M respectively exhibited complete drug release within 12 hrs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=venlafaxine%20HCl" title="venlafaxine HCl">venlafaxine HCl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxyl%20propyl%20methylcellulose" title=" hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose"> hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20gastro%20retentive%20tablets" title=" floating gastro retentive tablets"> floating gastro retentive tablets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-vitro%20drug%20release" title=" in-vitro drug release"> in-vitro drug release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-fickian%20diffusion" title=" non-fickian diffusion"> non-fickian diffusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16234/formulation-development-and-evaluation-of-floating-tablets-of-venlafaxine-hydrochloride" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">543</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> A Computational Study of N–H…O Hydrogen Bonding to Investigate Cooperative Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Setareh%20Shekarsaraei">Setareh Shekarsaraei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marjan%20Moridi"> Marjan Moridi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20L.%20Hadipour"> Nasser L. Hadipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy parameters of 14N (Nitrogen in imidazole ring) in N–H…O hydrogen bonding for Histidine hydrochloride monohydrate were calculated via density functional theory. We considered a five-molecule model system of Histidine hydrochloride monohydrate. Also, we examined the trends of environmental effect on hydrogen bonds as well as cooperativity. The functional used in this research is M06-2X which is a good functional and the obtained results have shown good agreement with experimental data. This functional was applied to calculate the NMR and NQR parameters. Some correlations among NBO parameters, NMR, and NQR parameters have been studied which have shown the existence of strong correlations among them. Furthermore, the geometry optimization has been performed using M062X/6-31++G(d,p) method. In addition, in order to study cooperativity and changes in structural parameters, along with increase in cluster size, natural bond orbitals have been employed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20bonding" title="hydrogen bonding">hydrogen bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20functional%20theory%20%28DFT%29" title=" density functional theory (DFT)"> density functional theory (DFT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20bond%20orbitals%20%28NBO%29" title=" natural bond orbitals (NBO)"> natural bond orbitals (NBO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperativity%20effect" title=" cooperativity effect"> cooperativity effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18049/a-computational-study-of-n-ho-hydrogen-bonding-to-investigate-cooperative-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Simple Ecofriendly Cyclodextrine-Surfactant Modified UHPLC Method for Quantification of Multivitamins in Pharmaceutical and Food Samples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20M.%20Albishri">Hassan M. Albishri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Almalawi"> Abdullah Almalawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deia%20Abd%20El-Hady"> Deia Abd El-Hady</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A simple and ecofriendly cyclodextrine-surfactant modified UHPLC (CDS-UPLC) method for rapid and sensitive simultaneous determination of multi water-soluble vitamins such as ascorbic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride and thiamine hydrochloride in commercial pharmaceuticals and milk samples have been firstly developed. Several chromatographic effective parameters have been changed in a systematic way. Adequate results have been achieved by a mixture of β-cyclodextrine (β-CD) and cationic surfactant under acidic conditions as an eco-friendly isocratic mobile phase at 0.02 mL/min flow rate. The proposed CDS- UHPLC method has been validated for the quantitative determination of multivitamins within 8 min in food and pharmaceutical samples. The method showed excellent linearity for analytes in a wide range of 10-1000 ng/µL. The repeatability and reproducibility of data were about 2.14 and 4.69 RSD%, respectively. The limits of detection (LODs) of analytes ranged between 0.86 and 5.6 ng/µL with a range of 81.8 -115.8% recoveries in tablets and milk samples. The current first CDS- UHPLC method could have vast applications for the precise analysis of multivitamins in complicated matrices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecofriendly" title="ecofriendly">ecofriendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclodextrine-surfactant" title=" cyclodextrine-surfactant"> cyclodextrine-surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivitamins" title=" multivitamins"> multivitamins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UHPLC" title=" UHPLC "> UHPLC </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61947/simple-ecofriendly-cyclodextrine-surfactant-modified-uhplc-method-for-quantification-of-multivitamins-in-pharmaceutical-and-food-samples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Fabrication of Biosensor Based on Layered Double Hydroxide/Polypyrrole/Carbon Paste Electrode for Determination of Anti-Hypertensive and Prostatic Hyperplasia Drug Terazosin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20M.%20Hassanein">Amira M. Hassanein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nehal%20A.%20Salahuddin"> Nehal A. Salahuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atsunori%20Matsuda"> Atsunori Matsuda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiaki%20Hattori"> Toshiaki Hattori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20N.%20Elfiky"> Mona N. Elfiky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> New insights into the design of highly sensitive, carbon-based electrochemical sensors are presented in this work. This was achieved by exploring the interesting properties of conductive (Mg/Al) layered double hydroxide- Dodecyl Sulphate/Polypyrrole nanocomposites which were synthesized by in-situ polymerization of pyrrole during the assembly of (Mg/Al) layered double hydroxide, and by employing the anionic surfactant Dodecyl sulphate as a modifier. The morphology and surface area of the nanocomposites changed with the percentage of Pyrrole. Under optimal conditions, the modified carbon paste electrode successfully achieved detection limits of 0.057 and 0.134 nmol.L-1 of Terazosin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulation and spiked human serum fluid, respectively. Moreover, the sensors are highly stable, reusable, and free from interference by other commonly present excipients in drug formulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layered%20double%20hydroxide" title="layered double hydroxide">layered double hydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypyrrole" title=" polypyrrole"> polypyrrole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terazosin%20hydrochloride" title=" terazosin hydrochloride"> terazosin hydrochloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square-wave%20adsorptive%20anodic%20stripping%20voltammetry" title=" square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry"> square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79856/fabrication-of-biosensor-based-on-layered-double-hydroxidepolypyrrolecarbon-paste-electrode-for-determination-of-anti-hypertensive-and-prostatic-hyperplasia-drug-terazosin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Fexofenadine Hydrochloride Orodispersisble Tablets: Formulation and in vitro/in vivo Evaluation in Healthy Human Volunteers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soad%20Ali%20Yehia">Soad Ali Yehia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Shafik%20El-Ridi"> Mohamed Shafik El-Ridi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Ibrahim%20Tadros"> Mina Ibrahim Tadros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nolwa%20Gamal%20El-Sherif"> Nolwa Gamal El-Sherif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fexofenadine hydrochloride (FXD) is a slightly soluble, bitter-tasting, drug having an oral bioavailability of 35%. The maximum plasma concentration is reached 2.6 hours (Tmax) post-dose. The current work aimed to develop taste-masked FXD orodispersible tablets (ODTs) to increase extent of drug absorption and reduce Tmax. Taste masking was achieved via solid dispersion (SD) with chitosan (CS) or sodium alginate (ALG). FT-IR, DSC and XRD were performed to identify physicochemical interactions and FXD crystallinity. Taste-masked FXD-ODTs were developed via addition of superdisintegrants (crosscarmelose sodium or sodium starch glycolate, 5% and 10%, w/w) or sublimable agents (camphor, menthol or thymol; 10% and 20%, w/w) to FXD-SDs. ODTs were evaluated for weight variation, drug-content, friability, wetting time, disintegration time and drug release. Camphor-based (20%, w/w) FXD-ODT (F12) was optimized (F23) by incorporation of a more hydrophilic lubricant, sodium stearyl fumarate (Pruv®). The topography of the latter formula was examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vivo estimation of FXD pharmacokinetics, relative to Allegra® tablets, was evaluated in healthy human volunteers. Based on the gustatory sensation test in healthy volunteers, FXD:CS (1:1) and FXD:ALG (1:0.5) SDs were selected. Taste-masked FXD-ODTs had appropriate physicochemical properties and showed short wetting and disintegration times. Drug release profiles of F23 and phenylalanine-containing Allegra® ODT were similar (f2 = 96) showing a complete release in two minutes. SEM micrographs revealed pores following camphor sublimation. Compared to Allegra® tablets, pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers proved F23 ability to increase extent of FXD absorption (14%) and reduce Tmax to 1.83 h. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fexofenadine%20hydrochloride" title="fexofenadine hydrochloride">fexofenadine hydrochloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taste%20masking" title=" taste masking"> taste masking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orodispersible" title=" orodispersible"> orodispersible</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4762/fexofenadine-hydrochloride-orodispersisble-tablets-formulation-and-in-vitroin-vivo-evaluation-in-healthy-human-volunteers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Levamisole Hydrochloride</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surendra%20Agrawal">Surendra Agrawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pravina%20Gurjar"> Pravina Gurjar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supriya%20Bhide"> Supriya Bhide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ram%20Gaud"> Ram Gaud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Levamisole hydrochloride is a prominent anticancer drug in the treatment of colon cancer but resulted in toxic effects due poor bioavailability and poor cellular uptake by tumor cells. Levamisole is an unstable drug. Incorporation of this molecule in solid lipids may minimize their exposure to the aqueous environment and partly immobilize the drug molecules within the lipid matrix-both of which may protect the encapsulated drugs against degradation. The objectives of the study were to enhance bioavailability by sustaining drug release and to reduce the toxicities associated with the therapy. Solubility of the drug was determined in different lipids to select the components of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN). Pseudoternary phase diagrams were created using aqueous titration method. Formulations were subjected to particle size and stability evaluation to select the final test formulations which were characterized for average particle size, zeta potential, and in-vitro drug release and percentage transmittance to optimize the final formulation. SLN of Levamisole hydrochloride was prepared by Nanoprecipitation method. Glyceryl behenate (Compritol 888 ATO) was used as core comprising of Tween 80 as surfactant and Lecithin as co-surfactant in (1:1) ratio. Entrapment efficiency (EE) was found to be 45.89%. Particle size was found in the range of 100-600 nm. Zeta potential of the formulation was -17.0 mV revealing the stability of the product. In-vitro release study showed that 66 % drug released in 24 hours in pH 7.2 which represent that formulation can give controlled action at the intestinal environment. In pH 5.0 it showed 64% release indicating that it can even release drug in acidic environment of tumor cells. In conclusion, results revealed SLN to be a promising approach to sustain the drug release so as to increase bioavailability and cellular uptake of the drug with reduction in toxic effects as dose has been reduced with controlled delivery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SLN" title="SLN">SLN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticulate%20delivery%20of%20levamisole" title=" nanoparticulate delivery of levamisole"> nanoparticulate delivery of levamisole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmacy" title=" pharmacy"> pharmacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmaceutical%20sciences" title=" pharmaceutical sciences"> pharmaceutical sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4063/solid-lipid-nanoparticles-of-levamisole-hydrochloride" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride Using Modified Carbon Nitride CCN/Bi₂WO₆ Heterojunction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Najeeb-Uz-Zaman%20Haider">Syed Najeeb-Uz-Zaman Haider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Juan"> Yang Juan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antibiotic overuse raises environmental concerns, boosting the demand for efficient removal from pharmaceutical wastewater. Photocatalysis, particularly using semiconductor photocatalysts, offers a promising solution and garners significant scientific interest. In this study, a Z-scheme 0.15BWO/CCN heterojunction was developed, analyzed, and employed for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) under visible light. The study revealed that the dosage of 0.15BWO@CCN and the presence of coexisting ions significantly influenced the degradation efficiency, achieving up to 87% within 20 minutes under optimal conditions (at pH 9-11/strongly basic conditions) while maintaining 84% efficiency under standard conditions (unaltered pH). Photoinduced electrons gathered on the conduction band of BWO while holes accumulated on the valence band of CCN, creating more favorable conditions to produce superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Additionally, through comprehensive experimental analysis, the degradation pathway and mechanism were thoroughly explored. The superior photocatalytic performance of 0.15BWO@CCN was attributed to its Z-scheme heterojunction structure, which significantly reduced the recombination of photoinduced electrons and holes. The radicals produced were identified using ESR, and their involvement in tetracycline degradation was further analyzed through active species trapping experiments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCN" title="CCN">CCN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bi%E2%82%82WO%E2%82%86" title=" Bi₂WO₆"> Bi₂WO₆</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TC" title=" TC"> TC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20degradation" title=" photocatalytic degradation"> photocatalytic degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterojunction" title=" heterojunction"> heterojunction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186128/efficient-photocatalytic-degradation-of-tetracycline-hydrochloride-using-modified-carbon-nitride-ccnbi2wo6-heterojunction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Determination of Verapamil Hydrochloride in Tablets and Injection Solutions With the Verapamil-Selective Electrode and Possibilities of Application in Pharmaceutical Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20A.%20Salih">Faisal A. Salih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Verapamil hydrochloride (Ver) is a drug used in medicine for arrythmia, angina and hypertension as a calcium channel blocker. For the quantitative determination of Ver in dosage forms, the HPLC method is most often used. A convenient alternative to the chromatographic method is potentiometry using a Verselective electrode, which does not require expensive equipment, can be used without separation from the matrix components, which significantly reduces the analysis time, and does not use toxic organic solvents, being a "green", "environmentally friendly" technique. It has been established in this study that the rational choice of the membrane plasticizer and the preconditioning and measurement algorithms, which prevent nonexchangeable extraction of Ver into the membrane phase, makes it possible to achieve excellent analytical characteristics of Ver-selective electrodes based on commercially available components. In particular, an electrode with the following membrane composition: PVC (32.8 wt %), ortho-nitrophenyloctyl ether (66.6 wt %), and tetrakis-4-chlorophenylborate (0.6 wt % or 0.01 M) have the lower detection limit 4 × 10−8 M and potential reproducibility 0.15–0.22 mV. Both direct potentiometry (DP) and potentiometric titration (PT) methods can be used for the determination of Ver in tablets and injection solutions. Masses of Ver per average tablet weight determined by the methods of DP and PT for the same set of 10 tablets were (80.4±0.2 and80.7±0.2) mg, respectively. The masses of Ver in solutions for injection, determined by DP for two ampoules from one set, were (5.00±0.015 and 5.004±0.006) mg. In all cases, good reproducibility and excellent correspondence with the declared quantities were observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verapamil" title="verapamil">verapamil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potentiometry" title=" potentiometry"> potentiometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion-selective%20electrode" title=" ion-selective electrode"> ion-selective electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmaceutical%20analysis" title=" pharmaceutical analysis"> pharmaceutical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154793/determination-of-verapamil-hydrochloride-in-tablets-and-injection-solutions-with-the-verapamil-selective-electrode-and-possibilities-of-application-in-pharmaceutical-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Formulation and in vitro Evaluation of Transdermal Delivery of Articaine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinakaran%20Venkatachalam">Dinakaran Venkatachalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Chambers"> Paul Chambers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kavitha%20Kongara"> Kavitha Kongara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preet%20Singh"> Preet Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to formulate different topical preparations containing articaine and to investigate their permeation through goat skin. Initially, articaine and its hydrochloride salt were compared for in vitro permeation using Franz cell model. Goat skin samples were collected after euthanizing male goat kids purchased from the dairy goat farmers. Subcutaneous fat was removed and the skin was mounted on the donor chamber (orifice area 1.00 cm²) and drugs were applied onto the epidermis. Phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) was used to maintain sink condition in the receptor chamber (8 ml) of the Franz cell. Samples (0.4 ml) were collected at various intervals over 24 hours after each sampling equal volume of PBS was replaced in the receptor chamber. Articaine in the collected samples were quantified using LC/MS. The results suggested that articaine free base permeates better than its hydrochloride salt through goat skin. This study results support the fact that local anesthetics in its base form are lipophilic and thus penetrates faster through cell membranes than their salts. Later, articaine free base was formulated either using ethanol and octyl salicylate or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as penetration enhancers and was compared for in vitro permeation. The transdermal flux of articaine in the formulation containing DMSO was approximately 3.8 times higher than that of the formulation containing ethanol and octyl salicylate. Further studies to evaluate the local anesthetic efficacy of the topical formulation containing articaine for dermal anesthesia in animals have been planned. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=articaine" title="articaine">articaine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermal%20anesthesia" title=" dermal anesthesia"> dermal anesthesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20anesthetic" title=" local anesthetic"> local anesthetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transdermal" title=" transdermal"> transdermal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80319/formulation-and-in-vitro-evaluation-of-transdermal-delivery-of-articaine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Characterization of Herberine Hydrochloride Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bao-Fang%20Wen">Bao-Fang Wen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng-Na%20Dai"> Meng-Na Dai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gao-Pei%20Zhu"> Gao-Pei Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen-Xi%20Zhang"> Chen-Xi Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Sun"> Jing Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xun-Bao%20Yin"> Xun-Bao Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Han%20Zhao"> Yu-Han Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong-Wei%20Sun"> Hong-Wei Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Fen%20Zhang"> Wei-Fen Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A drug-loaded nanoparticles containing berberine hydrochloride (BH/FA-CTS-NPs) was prepared. The physicochemical characterizations of BH/FA-CTS-NPs and the inhibitory effect on the HeLa cells were investigated. Folic acid-conjugated chitosan (FA-CTS) was prepared by amino reaction of folic acid active ester and chitosan molecules; BH/FA-CTS-NPs were prepared using ionic cross-linking technique with BH as a model drug. The morphology and particle size were determined by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The average diameters and polydispersity index (PDI) were evaluated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The interaction between various components and the nanocomplex were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The entrapment efficiency (EE), drug-loading (DL) and in vitro release were studied by UV spectrophotometer. The effect of cell anti-migratory and anti-invasive actions of BH/FA-CTS-NPs were investigated using MTT assays, wound healing assays, Annexin-V-FITC single staining assays, and flow cytometry, respectively. HeLa nude mice subcutaneously transplanted tumor model was established and treated with different drugs to observe the effect of BH/FA-CTS-NPs in vivo on HeLa bearing tumor. The BH/FA-CTS-NPs prepared in this experiment have a regular shape, uniform particle size, and no aggregation phenomenon. The results of DLS showed that mean particle size, PDI and Zeta potential of BH/FA-CTS NPs were (249.2 ± 3.6) nm, 0.129 ± 0.09, 33.6 ± 2.09, respectively, and the average diameter and PDI were stable in 90 days. The results of FT-IR demonstrated that the characteristic peaks of FA-CTS and BH/FA-CTS-NPs confirmed that FA-CTS cross-linked successfully and BH was encapsulated in NPs. The EE and DL amount were (79.3 ± 3.12) % and (7.24 ± 1.41) %, respectively. The results of in vitro release study indicated that the cumulative release of BH/FA-CTS NPs was (89.48±2.81) % in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) within 48h; these results by MTT assays and wund healing assays indicated that BH/FA-CTS NPs not only inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner but can induce apoptosis as well. The subcutaneous xenograft tumor formation rate of human cervical cancer cell line HeLa in nude mice was 98% after inoculation for 2 weeks. Compared with BH group and BH/CTS-NPs group, the xenograft tumor growth of BH/FA-CTS-NPs group was obviously slower; the result indicated that BH/FA-CTS-NPs could significantly inhibit the growth of HeLa xenograft tumor. BH/FA-CTS NPs with the sustained release effect could be prepared successfully by the ionic crosslinking method. Considering these properties, block proliferation and impairing the migration of the HeLa cell line, BH/FA-CTS NPs could be an important compound for consideration in the treatment of cervical cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=folic-acid" title="folic-acid">folic-acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=berberine%20hydrochloride" title=" berberine hydrochloride"> berberine hydrochloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20cancer" title=" cervical cancer"> cervical cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110474/characterization-of-herberine-hydrochloride-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> A New Technology for Metformin Hydrochloride Mucoadhesive Microparticles Preparation Utilizing BÜCHI Nano-Spray Dryer B-90</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamer%20M.%20Shehata">Tamer M. Shehata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: Currently, mucoadhesive microparticles acquired a high interest in both research and pharmaceutical technology fields. Recently, BÜCHI lunched its latest fourth generation nano spray dryer B-90 used for nanoparticle production. B-90 offers an elegant technology combined particle engineering and drying in one step. In our laboratory, we successfully developed a new formulation for metformin hydrochloride, mucoadhesive microparticles utilizing B-90 technology for treatment of type 2-diabetis. Method: Gelatin or sodium alginate, natural occurring polymers with mucoadhesive properties, solely or in combination was used in our formulation trials. Preformulation studies (atomization head mesh size, flow rate, head temperature, polymer solution viscosity and surface tension) and postformulation characters (particle size, flowability, surface scan and dissolution profile) were evaluated. Finally, hypoglycemic effect of the selected formula was evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Spray head with 7 µm hole, flow rate of 3.5 mL/min and head temperature 120 ºC were selected. Polymer viscosity was less than 11.5 cP with surface tension less than 70.1 dyne/cm. Result: Discrete, non aggregated particles and free flowing powders with particle size was less than 2000 nm were obtained. Gelatin and sodium alginate combination in ratio 1:3 were successfully sustained the in vitro release profile of the drug. Hypoglycemic evaluation of the previous formula, showed a significant reduction of blood glucose level over 24 h. Conclusion: B-90 technology can open a new era of , mucoadhesive microparticles preparation offering convenient dosage form that can enhance compliance of type 2 diabetic patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucoadhesive" title="mucoadhesive">mucoadhesive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microparticles" title=" microparticles"> microparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetis" title=" diabetis"> diabetis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40380/a-new-technology-for-metformin-hydrochloride-mucoadhesive-microparticles-preparation-utilizing-buchi-nano-spray-dryer-b-90" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Spectrophotometric Determination of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride by Coupling with Diazotized 2,4-Dinitroaniline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulaiman%20Gafar%20Muhamad">Sulaiman Gafar Muhamad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A rapid spectrophotometric method for the micro-determination of phenylephrine-HCl (PHE) has been developed. The proposed method involves the coupling of phenylephrine-HCl with diazotized 2,4-dinitroaniline in alkaline medium at λmax 455 nm. Under the present optimum condition, Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 1.0-20 μg/ml of PHE with molar absorptivity of 1.915 ×104 l. mol-1.cm-1, with a relative error of 0.015 and a relative standard deviation of 0.024%. The current method has been applied successfully to estimate phenylephrine-HCl in pharmaceutical preparations (nose drop and syrup). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diazo-coupling" title="diazo-coupling">diazo-coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2" title=" 2"> 2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4-dinitroaniline" title="4-dinitroaniline">4-dinitroaniline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenylephrine-HCl" title=" phenylephrine-HCl"> phenylephrine-HCl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrophotometry" title=" spectrophotometry"> spectrophotometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53006/spectrophotometric-determination-of-phenylephrine-hydrochloride-by-coupling-with-diazotized-24-dinitroaniline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Quantum Confinement in LEEH Capped CdS Nanocrystalline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mihir%20Hota">Mihir Hota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namita%20Jena"> Namita Jena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20Sahu"> S. N. Sahu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> LEEH (L-cysteine ethyl ester hydrochloride) capped CdS semiconductor nanocrystals are grown at 800C using a simple chemical route. Photoluminescence (PL), Optical absorption (UV) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) have been carried out to evaluate the structural and optical properties of the nanocrystal. Optical absorption studies have been carried out to optimize the sample. XRD and TEM analysis shows that the nanocrystal belongs to FCC structure having average size of 3nm while a bandgap of 2.84eV is estimated from Photoluminescence analysis. The nanocrystal emits bluish light when excited with 355nm LASER. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium%20sulphide" title="cadmium sulphide">cadmium sulphide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructures" title=" nanostructures"> nanostructures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=luminescence" title=" luminescence"> luminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59943/quantum-confinement-in-leeh-capped-cds-nanocrystalline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Formulation and In vivo Evaluation of Venlafaxine Hydrochloride Long Acting Tablet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulwahhab%20Khedr">Abdulwahhab Khedr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamer%20Shehata"> Tamer Shehata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanaa%20El-Ghamry"> Hanaa El-Ghamry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Venlafaxine HCl is a novel antidepressant drug used in the treatment of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Conventional therapeutic regimens with venlafaxine HCl immediate-release dosage forms require frequent dosing due to short elimination half-life of the drug and reduced bioavailability. Hence, this study was carried out to develop sustained-release dosage forms of venlafaxine HCl to reduce its dosing frequency, to improve patient compliance and to reduce side effects of the drug. The polymers used were hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Carbopol 940 and ethyl cellulose. The physical properties of the prepared tablets including tablet thickness, diameter, weight uniformity, content uniformity, hardness and friability were evaluated. Also, the in-vitro release of venlafaxine HCl from different matrix tablets was studied. Based on physical characters and in-vitro release profiles, certain formulae showing promising sustained-release profiles were subjected to film coating with 15% w/v EC in dichloromethane/ethanol mixture (1:1 ratio) using 1% w/v HPMC as pore former and 30% w/w dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer. The optimized formulations were investigated for drug-excipient compatibility using FTIR and DSC studies. Physical evaluation of the prepared tablets fulfilled the pharmacopoeial requirements for tablet friability test, where the weight loss of the prepared formulae did not exceed 1% of the weight of the tested tablets. Moderate release was obtained from tablets containing HPMC. FTIR and DSC studies for such formulae revealed the absence of any type of chemical interaction between venlafaxine HCl and the used polymers or excipients. Forced swimming test in rats was used to evaluate the antidepressant activity of the selected matrix tablets of venlafaxine HCl. Results showed that formulations significantly decreased the duration of animals’ immobility during the 24 hr-period of the test compared to non-treated group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antidepressant" title="antidepressant">antidepressant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustained-release" title=" sustained-release"> sustained-release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20tablet" title=" matrix tablet"> matrix tablet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=venlafaxine%20hydrochloride" title=" venlafaxine hydrochloride"> venlafaxine hydrochloride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54132/formulation-and-in-vivo-evaluation-of-venlafaxine-hydrochloride-long-acting-tablet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Inclusion Complexes of Some Imidazoline Drugs with Cucurbit[N]Uril (N=7,8): Preparation, Characterization and Theoretical Calculations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fakhreldin%20O.%20Suliman">Fakhreldin O. Suliman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alia%20H.%20Al-Battashi"> Alia H. Al-Battashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work explored the interaction of three different imidazoline drugs, naphazoline nitrate (NPH), oxymetazoline hydrochloride (OXY) and xylometazoline hydrochloride (XYL) with two different synthesized cucurbit[n]urils CB[n], cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and cucuribit[8]uril (CB[8]). Three binary inclusion complexes have been investigated in solution and in the solid state. The solid complexes were obtained by lyophilization, whereas the physical mixtures of guests and hosts at a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 were obtained for each drug. 1HNMR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry was used to study the complexes prepared in aqueous media. The lyophilized solid complexes were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). MS, FT-IR and PXRD experimental results established in this work reveal that NPH, OXY and XYL molecules form stable inclusion complexes with the two hosts. The TGA and DSC confirmed the enhancement of the thermal stability of each drug and the production of a thermally stable solid complex. The 1HNMR has shown that the protons of the guests faced shifting in ppm and broadening of their peaks upon the formation of inclusion complexes with the selected CB[n]. The aromatic protons of the guest exhibited the highest changes in the chemical shifts and shape of the NMR peaks, suggesting their inclusion into the cavity of the CB[n]. The diffusion coefficients (D), developed from the diffusion-controlled NMR Spectroscopy (DOSY) measurements, for the complexation of the selected imidazoline drugs with CB[7] and CB[8], were decreased in the presence of hosts compared to the free guests indicating the formation of the guest-host adduct. Furthermore, we conducted molecular dynamic simulations and quantum mechanics calculations on these complexes. The results of the theoretical study corroborate the experimental findings and have also shed light on the mechanism of inclusion of the guests into the two hosts. This study generates initial data for potential drug delivery or drug formulation systems for these three selected imidazoline drug compounds based on their inclusion into the CB[n] cavities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cucurbit%5Bn%5Durils" title="cucurbit[n]urils">cucurbit[n]urils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imidazoline" title=" imidazoline"> imidazoline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusion%20complexes" title=" inclusion complexes"> inclusion complexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics" title=" molecular dynamics"> molecular dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT%20calculations" title=" DFT calculations"> DFT calculations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20spectrometry" title=" mass spectrometry"> mass spectrometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178820/inclusion-complexes-of-some-imidazoline-drugs-with-cucurbitnuril-n78-preparation-characterization-and-theoretical-calculations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diltiazem%20hydrochloride&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diltiazem%20hydrochloride&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> 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