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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Zutphens" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Zutphens" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. 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accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Klankleer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klankleer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Klankleer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klankleer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Grammatica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammatica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Woordenschat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Woordenschat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Woordenschat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Woordenschat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gebruik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gebruik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gebruik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gebruik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Zutphens<br />Zutphens </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><i>Nedersaksisch dialect</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gesproken in </th> <td colspan="2">stad <a href="/wiki/Zutphen_(stad)" title="Zutphen (stad)">Zutphen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Taalfamilie" title="Taalfamilie">Taalfamilie</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Europese_talen" title="Indo-Europese talen">Indo-Europees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germaanse_talen" title="Germaanse talen">Germaans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West-Germaanse_talen" title="West-Germaanse talen">West-Germaans</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Ingveoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingveoons">Ingveoons</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nederduits" title="Nederduits">Nederduits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedersaksisch" title="Nedersaksisch">Nedersaksisch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West-Nedersaksisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West-Nedersaksisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">West-Nedersaksisch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nederlands_Nedersaksisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederlands Nedersaksisch">Nederlands Nedersaksisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfaals" title="Westfaals">Westfaals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gelders-Overijssels" title="Gelders-Overijssels">Gelders-Overijssels</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Oost-Veluws" title="Oost-Veluws">Oost-Veluws</a>) <ul><li><b>Zupthens</b></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veluws" title="Veluws">Veluws</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oost-Veluws" title="Oost-Veluws">Oost-Veluws</a> <ul><li><b>Zupthens</b></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achterhoeks" title="Achterhoeks">Achterhoeks</a> <ul><li><b>Zupthens</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Erkend in </th> <td colspan="2"><div> <a href="/wiki/Nedersaksisch" title="Nedersaksisch">Nedersaksisch</a> o.a. erkend in Nederland</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Taal" title="Portaal:Taal">Taal</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Het <b>Zutphens</b> is het <a href="/wiki/Stadsdialect" title="Stadsdialect">stadsdialect</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Gelderland" title="Gelderland">Gelderse</a> hanzestad <a href="/wiki/Zutphen_(stad)" title="Zutphen (stad)">Zutphen</a>. Het is een <a href="/wiki/Nedersaksisch" title="Nedersaksisch">Nedersaksisch</a> dialect uit het overgangsgebied tussen het <a href="/wiki/Oost-Veluws" title="Oost-Veluws">Oost-Veluws</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Achterhoeks" title="Achterhoeks">Achterhoeks</a>. Bovendien heeft het sterke <a href="/wiki/Hollands_(dialect)" title="Hollands (dialect)">Hollandse</a> invloeden ondergaan en heeft het opmerkelijke overeenkomsten met andere stadsdialecten aan de <a href="/wiki/IJssel" title="IJssel">IJssel</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klankleer">Klankleer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zutphens&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Klankleer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zutphens&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Klankleer"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Nederlandse lange <i>ee</i>, <i>oo</i> en <i>eu</i> worden in de westelijke dialecten en accenten met een lichte naslag (een vluchtige <i>j</i>- of <i>w</i>-achtige klank) uitgesproken: [e<sup>i</sup>], [o<sup>u</sup>] en [ø<sup>y</sup>]. In de meeste Nedersaksische, ook de Achterhoekse, dialecten blijven die achterwege ([e:], [o:], [ø:]), maar in het Zutphens worden ze juist als in het Nederlands, met naslag, uitgesproken. </p><p>De r wordt in het Zutphens <a href="/wiki/Uitspraak_van_de_r" class="mw-redirect" title="Uitspraak van de r">uvulair (brouwend) uitgesproken</a>; dit is ook het geval in het <a href="/wiki/Deventers" title="Deventers">Deventers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kampers" title="Kampers">Kampers</a> en <a href="/wiki/Zwols" title="Zwols">Zwols</a>, maar absoluut niet op het platteland, zelfs niet in de directe omgeving van deze steden. Sociolinguïstisch onderzoek heeft aangetoond dat men die uitspraak op het platteland als iets typisch stads of zelfs als een spraakgebrek beschouwt. </p><p>Onder invloed van die typisch <i>r</i> is men ook de combinatie <i>aor</i>, corresponderend met de Nederlandse <i>aar</i>, als <i>äör</i> ([œ:ʁ]) gaan uitspreken (<i>blaor</i> "blaar" > <i>bläör</i>). Dit treft men ook elders aan, bijvoorbeeld in <a href="/wiki/Nijmeegs" title="Nijmeegs">Nijmegen</a> en Zwolle, en dit kenmerk wordt elders in de Achterhoek, net als de Franse r, vaak als echt Zutphens benoemd. </p><p>In Zutphen heeft men zich lang verzet tegen de verandering van de cluster <i>sk-</i> in <i>sch-</i>. Terwijl de <i>sch</i> op het platteland in de omgeving zeer algemeen is (en er op de Veluwe zelfs lang <i>sj-</i> gezegd werd) komt de <i>sk-</i> in het Zutphens nog in veel woorden voor, zoals <i>skoalle</i> "school". Dit verschijnsel treft men ook in het Zwols aan en in enkele plaatsen in <a href="/wiki/Twente" title="Twente">Twente</a>, steeds als taaleiland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatica">Grammatica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zutphens&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Grammatica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zutphens&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Grammatica"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De meeste Nedersaksische dialecten delen een <a href="/wiki/Eenheidsmeervoud" class="mw-redirect" title="Eenheidsmeervoud">eenheidsmeervoud</a> op <i>-t</i>; dat wil zeggen dat de meervoudsvormen van werkwoorden in de tegenwoordige tijd in alle personen op een <i>t</i> uitgaan (<i>wiej loopt, ieleuj loopt, zie loopt</i>). Deze eigenaardigheid is in het Zutphens verdwenen en daarin vormt Zutphen een echt taaleiland. </p><p>Het verschil tussen mannelijke en vrouwelijke woorden, nog sterk aanwezig op het Achterhoekse platteland, is in het Zutphens ook verdwenen. Hier vormt Zutphen echter geen eiland op taalkaarten: ook het Veluws en veel Sallandse dialecten hebben dit onderscheid laten vallen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Woordenschat">Woordenschat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zutphens&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Woordenschat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zutphens&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Woordenschat"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Zutphense woordenschat vertoont duidelijke Hollandse invloeden, die soms mooi in het dialectlandschap zijn ingepast. Zo heet een "broek" in Zutphen een <i>brook</i>, terwijl het oorspronkelijke Achterhoekse woord <i>bokse</i> is. Men heeft het woord waarschijnlijk van het Nederlandse <i>broek</i> geleend (burgers dragen tenslotte een andere broek dan boeren, vandaar het verschil) en toen aan hand van de <a href="/wiki/Klankwet" title="Klankwet">klankwetten</a> en onder invloed van het toponiem <i>brook</i> "moerasachtig land" de klinker veranderd. </p><p>Ook komen er duidelijk typisch stedelijke woorden in voor. Het woord <i>wout</i> voor "politieman" is inmiddels in een groot deel van Nederland en Vlaanderen verbreid geraakt, maar steeds in de steden; het komt oorspronkelijk uit het <a href="/wiki/Bargoens" title="Bargoens">Bargoens</a>. Op het platteland zegt men <i>plisie(man)</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gebruik">Gebruik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zutphens&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gebruik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zutphens&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gebruik"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Zutphen hebben zich uiteraard meer mensen van buiten het Nedersaksische taalgebied gevestigd dan in de rest van Achterhoek; navenant wordt er in Zutphen minder dialect gesproken. De taal blijkt echter nog zeer vitaal onder de autochtone bevolking en verdwijnt duidelijk niet zo snel als het Deventers of het <a href="/wiki/Zwols" title="Zwols">Zwols</a>. </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zutphens&oldid=68028156">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zutphens&oldid=68028156</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Nedersaksisch_dialect" title="Categorie:Nedersaksisch dialect">Nedersaksisch dialect</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Nederlands_stadsdialect" title="Categorie:Nederlands stadsdialect">Nederlands stadsdialect</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 27 aug 2024 om 19:02.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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