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<span>Compound</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Compound-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Compound subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Compound-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Initials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legal status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins_and_meanings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_and_meanings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Origins and meanings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Origins_and_meanings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Origins and meanings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Origins_and_meanings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popularity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Popularity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popularity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Popularity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Choice_of_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Choice_of_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Choice of names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Choice_of_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_of_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_of_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Influence of popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_of_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century_African-American_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century_African-American_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>20th century African-American names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century_African-American_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Given name</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A_(%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A9)" title="اسم شخصي (صفة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اسم شخصي (صفة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%B1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Անձնանուն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Անձնանուն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peti%C3%B4t_nom" title="Petiôt nom – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Petiôt nom" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D8%AF" title="کیچیک‌آد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کیچیک‌آد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Асабістае імя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Асабістае імя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Асабовае імя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Асабовае імя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itinaong_pangaran" title="Itinaong pangaran – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Itinaong pangaran" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Лично име – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лично име" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafn%C3%A5men" title="Tafnåmen – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tafnåmen" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anv-bihan" title="Anv-bihan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Anv-bihan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenom" title="Prenom – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Prenom" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Харкамлăх ят – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Харкамлăх ят" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodn%C3%A9_jm%C3%A9no" title="Rodné jméno – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rodné jméno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zita_rekutanga" title="Zita rekutanga – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Zita rekutanga" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornavn" title="Fornavn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fornavn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorname" title="Vorname – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vorname" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesnimi" title="Eesnimi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eesnimi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Όνομα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όνομα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_de_pila" title="Nombre de pila – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nombre de pila" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona_nomo" title="Persona nomo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Persona nomo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte-izen" title="Ponte-izen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ponte-izen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DA%A9" title="نام کوچک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نام کوچک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9nom" title="Prénom – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Prénom" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foarnamme" title="Foarnamme – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Foarnamme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%85_(%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84)" title="명 (이름) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="명 (이름)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%B1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Անձնանուն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անձնանուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रदत्त नाम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रदत्त नाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99edmjeno" title="Předmjeno – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Předmjeno" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenomo" title="Prenomo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Prenomo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_kecil" title="Nama kecil – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nama kecil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiginnafn" title="Eiginnafn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eiginnafn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenome" title="Prenome – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prenome" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9D_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99" title="שם פרטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שם פרטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE" title="ಅಂಕಿತನಾಮ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಂಕಿತನಾಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Есім – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Есім" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jina_la_ubatizo" title="Jina la ubatizo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jina la ubatizo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AA%C5%9Fnav" title="Pêşnav – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pêşnav" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virnumm" title="Virnumm – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Virnumm" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duotas_vardas" title="Duotas vardas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Duotas vardas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomm" title="Nomm – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nomm" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_depan" title="Nama depan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nama depan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voornaam" title="Voornaam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Voornaam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8D_(%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D)" title="名 (人名) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="名 (人名)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personnamn" title="Personnamn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Personnamn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ism" title="Ism – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ism" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imi%C4%99" title="Imię – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Imię" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenome" title="Prenome – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Prenome" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenume" title="Prenume – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Prenume" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runa_suti" title="Runa suti – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Runa suti" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Личное имя – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Личное имя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Given name" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meno_(prv%C3%A9_meno)" title="Meno (prvé meno) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Meno (prvé meno)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osebno_ime" title="Osebno ime – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Osebno ime" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magac" title="Magac – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Magac" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C4%8Dno_ime" title="Lično ime – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Lično ime" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etunimi" title="Etunimi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etunimi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rnamn" title="Förnamn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förnamn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibinigay_na_pangalan" title="Ibinigay na pangalan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ibinigay na pangalan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இயற்பெயர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயற்பெயர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/yumas" title="yumas – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="yumas" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fum_ad%C4%B1" title="Doğum adı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Doğum adı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%96%D0%BC%27%D1%8F" title="Особове ім'я – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Особове ім'я" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitit_no" title="Pitit no – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pitit no" 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title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Call name" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Call_name_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Call name (disambiguation)">Call name (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FML_names-2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/FML_names-2.png/220px-FML_names-2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/FML_names-2.png/330px-FML_names-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/FML_names-2.png/440px-FML_names-2.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of naming conventions, using <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> as an example. "First names" can also be called given names, forenames, or, in some places at some times, Christian names; "last names" can also be called family names or <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surnames</a>. This shows a structure typical for English-speaking cultures (and some others). Other cultures use other structures for full names.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Desideria_of_Sweden_%26_Norway_grave_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Desideria_of_Sweden_%26_Norway_grave_2007.jpg/220px-Desideria_of_Sweden_%26_Norway_grave_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Desideria_of_Sweden_%26_Norway_grave_2007.jpg/330px-Desideria_of_Sweden_%26_Norway_grave_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Desideria_of_Sweden_%26_Norway_grave_2007.jpg/440px-Desideria_of_Sweden_%26_Norway_grave_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>The sarcophagus at <a href="/wiki/Riddarholm_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Riddarholm Church">Riddarholm Church</a> in Sweden of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Desideria" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Desideria">Queen Desideria</a>, an official name given to <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary" title="Désirée Clary">Désirée Clary</a> not at birth but when she was elected <a href="/wiki/Crown_princess_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown princess of Sweden">Crown Princess of Sweden</a> in 1810.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>given name</b> (also known as a <b>forename</b> or <b>first name</b>) is the part of a <a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">personal name</a><sup id="cite_ref-grigg-1991_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grigg-1991-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that identifies a person, potentially with a <a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">middle name</a> as well, and differentiates that person from the other members of a group (typically a <a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">family</a> or <a href="/wiki/Clan" title="Clan">clan</a>) who have a common <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a>. The term <i>given name</i> refers to a <a href="/wiki/Name" title="Name">name</a> usually bestowed at or close to the time of birth, usually by the parents of the newborn. A <i><a href="/wiki/Christian_name" title="Christian name">Christian name</a></i> is the first name which is given at <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a>, in Christian custom. </p><p>In informal situations, given names are often used in a familiar and friendly manner.<sup id="cite_ref-grigg-1991_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grigg-1991-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In more formal situations, a person's surname is more commonly used. The idioms '<span lang="en"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/on_a_first-name_basis#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:on a first-name basis">on a first-name basis</a></span>' and 'being on first-name terms' refer to the familiarity inherent<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias"><span title="The material near this tag may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (December 2023)">Western culture-centric</span></a></i>]</sup> in addressing someone by their given name.<sup id="cite_ref-grigg-1991_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grigg-1991-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By contrast, a surname (also known as a family name, last name, or <a href="/wiki/Gentile_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentile name"><i>gentile</i> name</a>) is normally inherited and shared with other members of one's immediate family.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal names</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religious_name" title="Religious name">religious or monastic names</a> are special given names bestowed upon someone receiving a crown or entering a religious order; such a person then typically becomes known chiefly by that name. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_order">Name order</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Personal_name#Name_order" title="Personal name">Personal name § Name order</a></div> <p>The order <i>given name – family name</i>, commonly known as <i>Western name order</i>, is used throughout most <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> countries and in countries that have cultures predominantly influenced by European culture, including <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>; <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_India" title="Central India">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_India" title="Western India">West India</a>; <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. </p><p>The order <i>family name – given name</i>, commonly known as <i>Eastern name order</i>, is primarily used in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> (for example in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, among others, and by <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Malaysian Chinese</a>), as well as in <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">Southern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">North-Eastern</a> parts of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, and as a standard in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>. This order is also used to various degrees and in specific contexts in other European countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and adjacent areas of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> (that is, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, possibly because of the influence of bureaucracy, which commonly puts the family name before the given name. In China and Korea, <a href="/wiki/Generation_name" title="Generation name">part of the given name</a> may be shared among all members of a given generation within a family and extended family or families, in order to differentiate those generations from other generations. </p><p>The order <i>given name – father's family name – mother's family name</i> is commonly used in several <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>-speaking countries to acknowledge the families of both parents. </p><p>The order <i>given name – mother's family name – father's family name</i> is commonly used in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>-speaking countries to acknowledge the families of both parents. Today, people in Spain and Uruguay can rearrange the order of their names legally to this order. </p><p>The order <i>given name - father's given name - grandfather's given name</i> (often referred to as <i>triple name</i>) is the official naming order used in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> countries (for example <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compound">Compound</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Compound"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Surname#Compound_surnames" title="Surname">Compound surname</a> and <a href="/wiki/Double-barrelled_name" title="Double-barrelled name">Double surname</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Double name" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Dual_naming" title="Dual naming">Double place naming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tautonym" title="Tautonym">Tautonym</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Reduplication" title="Reduplication">Reduplication</a>.</div> <p>In many <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western cultures</a>, people often have multiple given names. Most often the first one in sequence is the one that a person goes by, although exceptions are not uncommon, such as in the cases of <a href="/wiki/John_Edgar_Hoover" class="mw-redirect" title="John Edgar Hoover">John Edgar Hoover</a> (J. Edgar) and <a href="/wiki/Dame_Mary_Barbara_Hamilton_Cartland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Mary Barbara Hamilton Cartland">Dame Mary Barbara Hamilton Cartland</a> (Barbara). The given name might also be used in compound form, as in, for example, <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_(given_name)" title="John Paul (given name)">John Paul</a> or a hyphenated style like <a href="/wiki/Bengt-Arne_Wallin" title="Bengt-Arne Wallin">Bengt-Arne</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">middle name</a> might be part of a compound given name or might be, instead, a <a href="/wiki/Maiden_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Maiden name">maiden name</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Baptismal_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptismal name">baptismal name</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Graham_Bell_(signature).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Alexander_Graham_Bell_%28signature%29.svg/252px-Alexander_Graham_Bell_%28signature%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="252" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Alexander_Graham_Bell_%28signature%29.svg/378px-Alexander_Graham_Bell_%28signature%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Alexander_Graham_Bell_%28signature%29.svg/504px-Alexander_Graham_Bell_%28signature%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="76" /></a><figcaption>The signature of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In England, it was unusual for a person to have more than one given name until the seventeenth century when Charles James Stuart (<a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a>) was baptised with two names. That was a French fashion, which spread to the English aristocracy, following the royal example, then spread to the general population and became common by the end of the eighteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-Coates_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coates-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some double-given names for women were used at the start of the eighteenth century but were used together as a unit: Anna Maria, Mary Anne and Sarah Jane. Those became stereotyped as the typical names of servants and so became unfashionable in the nineteenth century. </p><p>Double names remain popular in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Double names are also common among <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese names">Vietnamese names</a> to make repeated name in the family. For example, Đặng Vũ Minh Anh and Đặng Vũ Minh Ánh, are two sisters with the given names Minh Anh and Minh Ánh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initials">Initials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Initials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sometimes, a given name is used as just an initial, especially in combination with the middle initial (such as with <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>), and more rarely as an initial while the middle name is not one (such as with <a href="/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard" title="L. Ron Hubbard">L. Ron Hubbard</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_status">Legal status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A child's given name or names are usually chosen by the parents soon after birth. If a name is not assigned at birth, one may be given at a <a href="/wiki/Naming_ceremony" title="Naming ceremony">naming ceremony</a>, with family and friends in attendance. In most jurisdictions, a child's name at birth is a matter of public record, inscribed on a <a href="/wiki/Birth_certificate" title="Birth certificate">birth certificate</a>, or its equivalent. In Western cultures, people normally retain the same given name throughout their lives. However, in some cases these names may be changed by following legal processes or by repute. People may also change their names when immigrating from one country to another with different naming conventions.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In certain jurisdictions, a government-appointed registrar of births may refuse to register a name for the reasons that it may cause a child harm, that it is considered offensive, or if it is deemed impractical. In France, the agency can refer the case to a local judge. Some jurisdictions, such as Sweden, restrict the spelling of names.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Denmark, one does not need to register a given name for the child until the child is six months old, and in some cases, one can even wait a little longer than this before the child gets an official name. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_and_meanings">Origins and meanings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Origins and meanings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yohanan_name_evolution.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Yohanan_name_evolution.svg/350px-Yohanan_name_evolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Yohanan_name_evolution.svg/525px-Yohanan_name_evolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Yohanan_name_evolution.svg/700px-Yohanan_name_evolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2513" data-file-height="1465" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/John#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:John">John</a></i>, a name of Hebrew origin is very popular in the Western World, and has given many variants depending on the language: <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Shaun#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:Shaun">Shaun</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Eoin#Irish" class="extiw" title="wikt:Eoin">Eoin</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ian#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:Ian">Ian</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Juan#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:Juan">Juan</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ivan#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:Ivan">Ivan</a></i>, and <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Yahya#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:Yahya">Yahya</a></i>. Click on the image to see the diagram in full detail.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Parents may choose a name because of its meaning. This may be a personal or familial meaning, such as giving a child the name of an admired person, or it may be an example of <a href="/wiki/Nominative_determinism" title="Nominative determinism">nominative determinism</a>, in which the parents give the child a name that they believe will be lucky or favourable for the child. Given names most often derive from the following categories: </p> <ul><li>Aspirational personal traits (external and internal). For example, the male names: <ul><li>Clement ("merciful");<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as popularised by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Clement I">Pope Clement I</a> (88–98), saint, and his many papal successors of that name;</li> <li>Augustus ("consecrated, holy"<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), first popularised by the first Roman Emperor; later (as Augustine) by two saints;</li> <li>English examples include numerous female names such as <a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prudence" title="Prudence">Prudence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amanda" title="Amanda">Amanda</a> (Latin: worthy of love); Blanche (white (pure));</li></ul></li> <li>Occupations, for example <a href="/wiki/George_(given_name)" title="George (given name)">George</a> means "earth-worker", <i>i.e.</i>, "farmer".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Circumstances of birth, for example: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_(name)" title="Thomas (name)">Thomas</a> meaning "twin";</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quintus" title="Quintus">Quintus</a></i> (Latin: "fifth"), which was traditionally given to the fifth male child.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Objects, for example <a href="/wiki/Peter_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter (name)">Peter</a> means "rock" and <a href="/wiki/Edgar" title="Edgar">Edgar</a> means "rich spear".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Physical characteristics, for example <a href="/wiki/Calvin_(given_name)" title="Calvin (given name)">Calvin</a> means "bald".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Variations on another name, especially to change the sex of the name (<a href="/wiki/Pauline_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pauline (name)">Pauline</a>, Georgia) or to adapt from another language (for instance, the names <a href="/wiki/Francis_(given_name)" title="Francis (given name)">Francis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Francisco" title="Francisco">Francisco</a> that come from the name <a href="/wiki/Franciscus" title="Franciscus">Franciscus</a> meaning "<a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frank</a> or Frenchman").<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Surnames, Such names can honour other branches of a family, where the surname would not otherwise be passed down (e.g., the mother's maiden surname). Modern examples include: <ul><li>Winston,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_(name)" title="Harrison (name)">Harrison</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_(name)" title="Ross (name)">Ross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd>Many were adopted from the 17th century in England to show respect to notable ancestry, usually given to nephews or male grandchildren of members of the great families concerned, from which the usage spread to general society. This was regardless of whether the family name concerned was in danger of dying out, for example with Howard, a family with many robust male lines over history. Notable examples include</dd></dl> <ul><li><ul><li>Howard, from the Howard family, Dukes of Norfolk;</li> <li>Courtenay, from the surname of the Earls of Devon;</li> <li>Trevor, from the Welsh chieftain Tudor Trevor, lord of Hereford;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Clifford, from the Barons Clifford;</li> <li>Digby, from the family of Baron Digby/Earl of Bristol;</li> <li>Shirley (originally a man's forename), from the Shirley family, Earls Ferrer;</li> <li>Percy, from the Percy Earls and Dukes of Northumberland;</li> <li>Lindsay, from that noble Scottish family, Earls of Crawford;</li> <li>Graham, from that noble Scottish family, Dukes of Montrose;</li> <li>Eliot, from the Eliot family, Earls of St Germans;</li> <li>Herbert, from the Herbert family, Earls of Pembroke;</li> <li>Russell, from the Russell family, Earls and Dukes of Bedford;</li> <li>Stanley, from the Stanley family, Earls of Derby;</li> <li>Vernon, Earl of Shipbrook</li> <li>Dillon, the Irish family of Dillon, Viscount Dillon</li></ul></li> <li>Places, for example <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lorraine" title="Duchy of Lorraine">Lorraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Time of birth, for example, day of the week, as in <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a>, whose given name means "born on Friday",<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the holiday on which one was born, for example, the name <a href="/wiki/Natalie_(given_name)" title="Natalie (given name)">Natalie</a> meaning "born on <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> day" in Latin<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Noel (French "Christmas"), a name given to males born at Christmas); also <a href="/wiki/April_(given_name)" title="April (given name)">April</a>, <a href="/wiki/May_(given_name)" title="May (given name)">May</a>, or <a href="/wiki/June_(given_name)" title="June (given name)">June</a>.</li> <li>Combination of the above, for example the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> name Sirvart means "love rose".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In many cultures, given names are reused, especially <a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">to commemorate ancestors</a> or those who are particularly admired, resulting in a limited repertoire of names that sometimes vary by <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a>. </p><p>The most familiar example of this, to Western readers, is the use of <a href="/wiki/Biblical" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical">Biblical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints'</a> names in most of the Christian countries (with Ethiopia, in which names were often ideals or abstractions—Haile Selassie, "power of the Trinity"; Haile Miriam, "power of Mary"—as the most conspicuous exception). However, the name <a href="/wiki/Jesus_(name)" title="Jesus (name)">Jesus</a> is considered <a href="/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboo</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sacrilege" title="Sacrilege">sacrilegious</a> in some parts of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian world">Christian world</a>, though this taboo does not extend to the cognate <a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a> or related forms which are common in many languages even among Christians. In some Spanish-speaking countries, the name Jesus is considered a normal given name. </p><p>Similarly, the name <a href="/wiki/Mary,_the_mother_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary, the mother of Jesus">Mary</a>, now popular among Christians, particularly <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholics</a>, was considered too holy for secular use until about the 12th century. In countries that particularly venerated Mary, this remained the case much longer; in Poland, until the arrival in the 17th century of French queens named Marie.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most common given names in English (and many other European languages) can be grouped into broad categories based on their origin: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_name" title="Hebrew name">Hebrew names</a></b>, most often from the Bible, are very common in, or are elements of names used in historically Christian countries. <a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">Some</a> have elements meaning "God", especially "<a href="/wiki/Eli_(name)" title="Eli (name)">Eli</a>". Examples: <a href="/wiki/Michael_(given_name)" title="Michael (given name)">Michael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Hebrew_Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph (Hebrew Bible)">Joseph</a>, <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam (name)">Adam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(given_name)" title="Elizabeth (given name)">Elizabeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hannah_(given_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hannah (given name)">Hannah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_(given_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary (given name)">Mary</a>. There are also a handful of names in use derived from the <b><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a></b>, particularly the names of prominent figures in the New Testament—such as <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bartholomew" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholomew">Bartholomew</a>. <ul><li>All of the <a href="/wiki/Semitic_people" title="Semitic people">Semitic peoples</a> of history and the present day use at least some names constructed like these in Hebrew (and the ancient Hebrews used names not constructed like these—such as <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, probably an Egyptian name related to the names of <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaohs</a> like Thutmose and Ahmose). The Muslim world is the best-known example (with names like Saif-al-din, "sword of the faith", or Abd-Allah, "servant of God"), but even the Carthaginians had similar names: cf. Hannibal, "the grace of god" (in this case not the Abrahamic deity God, but the deity—probably <a href="/wiki/Melkart" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkart">Melkart</a>—whose title is normally left untranslated, as <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a>).</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Germanic_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic names">Germanic names</a></b> are characteristically warlike; roots with meanings like "glory", "strength", and "will" are common. The "-<a href="/wiki/Bert_(name)" title="Bert (name)">bert</a>" element common in many such names comes from <i>beraht</i>, which means "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bright" class="extiw" title="wikt:bright">bright</a>". Examples: <a href="/wiki/Robert" title="Robert">Robert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward" title="Edward">Edward</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger" title="Roger">Roger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard" title="Richard">Richard</a>, Albert, Carl, Alfred, Rosalind, Emma, Emmett, <a href="/wiki/Eric" title="Eric">Eric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matilda_(name)" title="Matilda (name)">Matilda</a>.</li> <li><b>French</b> forms of <b><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a></b> names. Since the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman conquest of England</a>, many English-given names of <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a> origin are used in their <a href="/wiki/French_name" title="French name">French forms</a>. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Charles" title="Charles">Charles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_(given_name)" title="Henry (given name)">Henry</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Slavic_names" title="Slavic names">Slavic names</a></b> may be of peaceful character, the compounds being derived from the word <a href="/wiki/Root_(linguistics)" title="Root (linguistics)">roots</a> meaning "to protect", "to love", "peace", "to praise [gods]", or "to give". Examples: <a href="/wiki/Milena_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Milena (name)">Milena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vesna_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vesna (name)">Vesna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohumil" title="Bohumil">Bohumil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dobromir_(given_name)" title="Dobromir (given name)">Dobromir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svetlana" title="Svetlana">Svetlana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vlastimil" title="Vlastimil">Vlastimil</a>. Other names have a warlike character and are built of words meaning "fighter", "war", or "anger". Examples: <a href="/wiki/Casimir" title="Casimir">Casimir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_(name)" title="Vladimir (name)">Vladimir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sambor_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sambor (disambiguation)">Sambor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wojciech" title="Wojciech">Wojciech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zbigniew" title="Zbigniew">Zbigniew</a>. Many of them derive from the root word "slava" ("glory"): <a href="/wiki/Boleslaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Boleslaus">Boleslav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_(given_name)" title="Miroslav (given name)">Miroslav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladislav" title="Vladislav">Vladislav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radoslav_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radoslav (disambiguation)">Radoslav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavomir" title="Slavomir">Slavomir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanislav_(given_name)" title="Stanislav (given name)">Stanislav</a>. Those derived from root word "mir" ("world, peace") are also popular: <a href="/wiki/Casimir" title="Casimir">Casimir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavomir" title="Slavomir">Slavomir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radomir_(given_name)" title="Radomir (given name)">Radomir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_(name)" title="Vladimir (name)">Vladimir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_(given_name)" title="Miroslav (given name)">Miroslav</a>, Jaczemir.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a></b> names are sometimes <a href="/wiki/Anglicisation" title="Anglicisation">anglicised</a> versions of <a href="/wiki/Celtic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic language">Celtic forms</a>, but the original form may also be used. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Alan_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan (name)">Alan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian" title="Brian">Brian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brigid" title="Brigid">Brigid</a>, Mórag, Ross, <a href="/wiki/Logan_(given_name)" title="Logan (given name)">Logan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciar%C3%A1n" title="Ciarán">Ciarán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_(given_name)" title="Jennifer (given name)">Jennifer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_(name)#Evolution_of_the_name_John" class="mw-redirect" title="John (name)">Seán</a>. These names often have origins in Celtic words, as Celtic versions of the names of internationally known <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a>, as names of <a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythological figures</a>, or simply as long-standing names whose ultimate etymology is unclear.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Greek_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek names">Greek names</a></b> may be derived from the history and mythology of <a href="/wiki/Classical_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Antiquity">Classical Antiquity</a> or be derived from the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> and early Christian traditions. Such names are often, but not always, anglicised. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Helen_(given_name)" title="Helen (given name)">Helen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen" title="Stephen">Stephen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander" title="Alexander">Alexander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew" title="Andrew">Andrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter (name)">Peter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_(given_name)" title="Gregory (given name)">Gregory</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_(given_name)" title="George (given name)">George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher (name)">Christopher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret (name)">Margaret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas" title="Nicholas">Nicholas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jason_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jason (name)">Jason</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timothy_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timothy (name)">Timothy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chloe" title="Chloe">Chloe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoe_(name)" title="Zoe (name)">Zoë</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katherine_(given_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Katherine (given name)">Katherine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope">Penelope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theodore_(given_name)" title="Theodore (given name)">Theodore</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">Latin names</a></b> can also be adopted unchanged, or modified; in particular, the inflected element can be dropped, as often happens in borrowings from Latin to English. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Laura_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laura (name)">Laura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(name)" title="Victoria (name)">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_(given_name)" title="Mark (given name)">Mark</a> (Latin <i><a href="/wiki/Marcus_(name)" title="Marcus (name)">Marcus</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Justin_(given_name)" title="Justin (given name)">Justin</a> (Latin <i>Justinus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Paul_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul (name)">Paul</a> (Lat. <i>Paulus</i>), Julius, <a href="/wiki/Julia_(given_name)" title="Julia (given name)">Julia</a>, Cecilia, <a href="/wiki/Felix_(name)" title="Felix (name)">Felix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vivian_(personal_name)" title="Vivian (personal name)">Vivian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pascal (name)">Pascal</a> (not a traditional-type Latin name, but the adjective-turned-name <i>paschalis</i>, meaning 'of Easter' (<i>Pascha</i>)).</li> <li><b>Word names</b> come from English vocabulary words. Feminine names of this sort—in more languages than English, and more cultures than Europe alone—frequently derive from nature, flowers, birds, colours, or <a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">gemstones</a>. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Jasmine" title="Jasmine">Jasmine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lavender" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender">Lavender</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dawn" title="Dawn">Dawn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Daisy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">Rose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iris_(plant)" title="Iris (plant)">Iris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petunia" title="Petunia">Petunia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rowan" title="Rowan">Rowan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">Jade</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Violet_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Violet (plant)">Violet</a>. Male names of this sort are less common—examples like <a href="/wiki/Hunter_(given_name)" title="Hunter (given name)">Hunter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fischer" title="Fischer">Fischer</a>, or names associated with strong animals, such as <a href="/wiki/Bronco" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronco">Bronco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">Wolf</a>. (This is more common in some other languages, such as Northern Germanic and Turkish).</li> <li><b>Trait names</b> most conspicuously include the Christian virtues, mentioned above, and normally used as feminine names (such as the <a href="/wiki/Theological_virtues" title="Theological virtues">three Christian virtues</a>—<a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Christianity" title="Faith in Christianity">Faith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hope_(virtue)" title="Hope (virtue)">Hope</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charity_(virtue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity (virtue)">Charity</a>).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">Diminutives</a></b> are sometimes used to distinguish between two or more people with the same given name. In English, <a href="/wiki/Robert" title="Robert">Robert</a> may be changed to "Robbie" or Thomas changed to "Tommy". In German the names <a href="/wiki/John_(name)#Evolution_of_the_name_John" class="mw-redirect" title="John (name)">Hänsel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_(name)#Name_Margaret_in_other_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret (name)">Gretel</a> (as in the famous <a href="/wiki/Hansel_%26_Gretel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hansel & Gretel">fairy tale</a>) are the diminutive forms of Johann and Margarete. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(name)" title="Victoria (name)">Vicky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cindy_(given_name)" title="Cindy (given name)">Cindy</a>, Tommy, <a href="/wiki/Abigail" title="Abigail">Abby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alison_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alison (name)">Allie</a>.</li> <li><b>Shortened names</b> (see <a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">nickname</a>) are generally nicknames of a longer name, but they are instead given as a person's entire given name. For example, a man may simply be named "Jim", and it is not short for <a href="/wiki/James_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="James (name)">James</a>. Examples: Beth, Ben, Zach, Tom.</li> <li><b>Feminine variations</b> exist for many masculine names, often in multiple forms. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_(given_name)" title="Charlotte (given name)">Charlotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephanie" title="Stephanie">Stephanie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(name)" title="Victoria (name)">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippa" title="Philippa">Philippa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_(given_name)" title="Jane (given name)">Jane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacqueline (name)">Jacqueline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josephine_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Josephine (name)">Josephine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danielle" title="Danielle">Danielle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paula_(given_name)" title="Paula (given name)">Paula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pauline_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pauline (name)">Pauline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patricia" title="Patricia">Patricia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francesca" title="Francesca">Francesca</a>.</li></ul> <p>Frequently, a given name has versions in many languages. For example, the biblical name <i><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(disciple)" title="Susanna (disciple)">Susanna</a></i> also occurs in its original <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Hebrew language">biblical Hebrew</a> version, <i>Shoshannah</i>, its Spanish and Portuguese version <i>Susana</i>, its French version, <i>Suzanne</i>, its Polish version, <i>Zuzanna</i>, or its Hungarian version, <i>Zsuzsanna</i> . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_given_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese given names">Chinese given names</a></div> <p>Despite the uniformity of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">Chinese surnames</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Chinese_given_name" title="Chinese given name">Chinese given names</a> are fairly original because <a href="/wiki/Chinese_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese character">Chinese characters</a> can be combined extensively. Unlike European languages, with their Biblical and Greco-Roman heritage, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese language</a> does not have a particular set of words reserved for given names: any combination of Chinese characters can theoretically be used as a given name. Nonetheless, a number of popular characters commonly recur, including "Strong" (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BC%9F" class="extiw" title="wikt:伟">伟</a>, <i>Wěi</i>), "Learned" (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%96%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:文">文</a>, <i>Wén</i>), "Peaceful" (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:安">安</a>, <i>Ān</i>), and "Beautiful" (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:美">美</a>, <i>Měi</i>). Despite China's increasing urbanization, several names such as "Pine" (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%BE" class="extiw" title="wikt:松">松</a>, <i>Sōng</i>) or "<a href="/wiki/Plum_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Plum tree">Plum</a>" (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:梅">梅</a>, <i>Méi</i>) also still reference nature. </p><p>Most Chinese given names are two characters long and—despite the examples above—the two characters together may mean nothing at all. Instead, they may be selected to include particular sounds, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_tones" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese tones">tones</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Radical_(Chinese_characters)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical (Chinese characters)">radicals</a>; to balance the <a href="/wiki/Five_elements_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Five elements (China)">Chinese elements</a> of a child's <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">birth chart</a>; or to honor a <a href="/wiki/Generation_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Generation poem">generation poem</a> handed down through the family for centuries. Traditionally, it is considered an <a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">affront</a>, not an honor, to have a newborn named after an older relative and so full names are rarely passed down through a family in the manner of American English <i>Seniors,</i> <i>Juniors</i>, <i>III</i>, etc. Similarly, it is considered disadvantageous for the child to bear a name already made famous by someone else through <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">romanizations</a>, where a common name like <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Liu Xiang (disambiguation)">Liu Xiang</a> may be borne by tens of thousands. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Korean_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean names">Korean names</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese names">Vietnamese names</a> are often simply conventions derived from <a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">Classical Chinese</a> counterparts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many female <a href="/wiki/Japanese_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese names">Japanese names</a> end in <i>-ko</i> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:子">子</a>), usually meaning "child" on its own. However, the character when used in given names can have a feminine (adult) connotation. </p><p>In many Westernised Asian locations, many Asians also have an unofficial or even registered Western (typically English) given name, in addition to their Asian given name. This is also true for Asian students at colleges in countries such as the United States, Canada, and Australia as well as among international businesspeople. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gender">Gender</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gender"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most names in English are traditionally masculine (Hugo, James, Harold) or feminine (Daphne, Charlotte, Jane), but there are <a href="/wiki/Unisex_name" title="Unisex name">unisex names</a> as well, such as <a href="/wiki/Jordan_(name)" title="Jordan (name)">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamie" title="Jamie">Jamie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesse_(given_name)" title="Jesse (given name)">Jesse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_(given_name)" title="Morgan (given name)">Morgan</a>, Leslie/<a href="/wiki/Lesley_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lesley (disambiguation)">Lesley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph (name)">Joe</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jo_(given_name)" title="Jo (given name)">Jo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackie_(given_name)" title="Jackie (given name)">Jackie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pat_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Pat (disambiguation)">Pat</a>, Dana, Alex, <a href="/wiki/Chris" title="Chris">Chris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kris_(name)" title="Kris (name)">Kris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy" title="Randy">Randy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Randi" title="Randi">Randi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_(given_name)" title="Lee (given name)">Lee</a>, etc. Often, use for one gender is predominant. Also, a particular spelling is often more common for either men or women, even if the pronunciation is the same. </p><p>Many culture groups, past and present, did not or do not gender their names strongly; thus, many or all of their names are unisex. On the other hand, in many languages including most <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a> (but not English), gender is inherent in the grammar. Some countries have laws preventing <a href="/wiki/Unisex_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Unisex names">unisex names</a>, requiring parents to give their children sex-specific names.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Names may have different gender connotations from country to country or language to language. </p><p>Within <a href="/wiki/Anthroponymic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthroponymic">anthroponymic</a> classification, names of human males are called <i>andronyms</i> (from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> ἀνήρ / man, and ὄνυμα [ὄνομα] / name),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoom19966_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoom19966-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while names of human females are called <i>gynonyms</i> (from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> γυνή / woman, and ὄνυμα [ὄνομα] / name).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarolini200591,_98_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarolini200591,_98-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popularity">Popularity<span class="anchor" id="Popularity_distribution_of_given_names"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Popularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_historical_popular_baby_names.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/USA_historical_popular_baby_names.svg/250px-USA_historical_popular_baby_names.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="563" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/USA_historical_popular_baby_names.svg/375px-USA_historical_popular_baby_names.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/USA_historical_popular_baby_names.svg/500px-USA_historical_popular_baby_names.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="1154" /></a><figcaption>Most popular US baby names from 1880 to 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>The popularity (frequency) distribution of given names typically follows a <a href="/wiki/Zipf%E2%80%93Mandelbrot_law" title="Zipf–Mandelbrot law">power law distribution</a>. </p><p>Since about 1800 in England and Wales and in the U.S., the popularity distribution of given names has been shifting so that the most popular names are losing popularity. For example, in England and Wales, the most popular female and male names given to babies born in 1800 were Mary and John, with 24% of female babies and 22% of male babies receiving those names, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, the corresponding statistics for England and Wales in 1994 were Emily and James, with 3% and 4% of names, respectively. Not only have Mary and John gone out of favour in the English-speaking world, but the overall distribution of names has also changed significantly over the last 100<span class="nowrap"> </span>years for females, but not for males. This has led to an increasing amount of diversity for female names.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Choice_of_names">Choice of names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Choice of names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Education, ethnicity, religion, class and political ideology affect parents' choice of names. Politically conservative parents choose common and traditional names, while politically liberal parents may choose the names of literary characters or other relatively obscure cultural figures.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Devout members of religions often choose names from their religious scriptures. For example, Hindu parents may name a daughter <a href="/wiki/Saanvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saanvi">Saanvi</a> after the goddess, Jewish parents may name a boy <a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a> after one of the earliest ancestral figures, and Muslim parents may name a boy <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed (name)">Mohammed</a> after <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">the prophet Mohammed</a>. </p><p>There are many tools parents can use to choose names, including books, websites and applications. An example is the Baby Name Game that uses the <a href="/wiki/Elo_rating_system" title="Elo rating system">Elo rating system</a> to rank parents preferred names and help them select one.<sup id="cite_ref-Baby_Name_Game_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baby_Name_Game-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_of_popular_culture">Influence of popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Influence of popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Given_name" title="Special:EditPage/Given name">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">Popular culture</a> appears to have an influence on naming trends, at least in the United States and United Kingdom. Newly famous celebrities and public figures may influence the popularity of names. For example, in 2004, the names "Keira" and "Kiera" (anglicisation of Irish name Ciara) respectively became the 51st and 92nd most popular girls' names in the UK, following the rise in popularity of British actress <a href="/wiki/Keira_Knightley" title="Keira Knightley">Keira Knightley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, the use of Colby as a boys' name for babies in the United States jumped from 233rd place to 99th, just after <a href="/wiki/Colby_Donaldson" title="Colby Donaldson">Colby Donaldson</a> was the runner-up on <i><a href="/wiki/Survivor:_The_Australian_Outback" title="Survivor: The Australian Outback">Survivor: The Australian Outback</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Also, the female name "Miley" which before was not in the top 1000 was 278th most popular in 2007, following the rise to fame of singer-actress <a href="/wiki/Miley_Cyrus" title="Miley Cyrus">Miley Cyrus</a> (who was named Destiny at birth).<sup id="cite_ref-ssa_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ssa-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Influence_of_TV_series_on_given_names.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Influence_of_TV_series_on_given_names.svg/500px-Influence_of_TV_series_on_given_names.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Influence_of_TV_series_on_given_names.svg/750px-Influence_of_TV_series_on_given_names.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Influence_of_TV_series_on_given_names.svg/1000px-Influence_of_TV_series_on_given_names.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="381" /></a><figcaption>Influence of TV series on given names in England and Wales from 1996 to 2021.</figcaption></figure> <p>Characters from fiction also seem to influence naming. After the name <a href="/wiki/Kayla_(name)" title="Kayla (name)">Kayla</a> was used for <a href="/wiki/Kayla_Brady" title="Kayla Brady">a character</a> on the American <a href="/wiki/Soap_opera" title="Soap opera">soap opera</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Days_of_Our_Lives" title="Days of Our Lives">Days of Our Lives</a></i>, the name's popularity increased greatly. The name <a href="/wiki/Tammy_(given_name)" title="Tammy (given name)">Tammy</a>, and the related <a href="/wiki/Tamara_(given_name)" title="Tamara (given name)">Tamara</a> became popular after the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Tammy_and_the_Bachelor" title="Tammy and the Bachelor">Tammy and the Bachelor</a></i> came out in 1957. Some names were established or spread by being used in literature. Notable examples include <a href="/wiki/Pamela_(name)" title="Pamela (name)">Pamela</a>, invented by Sir <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sidney" title="Philip Sidney">Philip Sidney</a> for a pivotal character in his epic prose work, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Countess_of_Pembroke%27s_Arcadia" title="The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia">The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Jessica_(given_name)" title="Jessica (given name)">Jessica</a>, created by William Shakespeare in his play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Merchant of Venice">The Merchant of Venice</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_(name)" title="Vanessa (name)">Vanessa</a>, created by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fiona" title="Fiona">Fiona</a>, a character from <a href="/wiki/James_Macpherson" title="James Macpherson">James Macpherson</a>'s spurious cycle of <a href="/wiki/Ossian" title="Ossian">Ossian</a> poems; <a href="/wiki/Wendy" title="Wendy">Wendy</a>, an obscure name popularised by <a href="/wiki/J._M._Barrie" title="J. M. Barrie">J. M. Barrie</a> in his play <i><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pan,_or_The_Boy_Who_Wouldn%27t_Grow_Up" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up">Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up</a></i>; and <a href="/wiki/Madison_(name)" title="Madison (name)">Madison</a>, a character from the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Splash_(film)" title="Splash (film)">Splash</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Lara_(name)" title="Lara (name)">Lara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larissa_(given_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Larissa (given name)">Larissa</a> were rare in America before the appearance of <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Zhivago_(1965_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor Zhivago (1965 film)">Doctor Zhivago</a>,</i> and have become fairly common since. </p><p>Songs can influence the naming of children. Jude jumped from 814th most popular male name in 1968 to 668th in 1969, following the release of <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>' "<a href="/wiki/Hey_Jude" title="Hey Jude">Hey Jude</a>". Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Layla" title="Layla">Layla</a> charted as 969th most popular in 1972 after the <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a> song. It had not been in the top 1,000 before.<sup id="cite_ref-ssa_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ssa-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kayleigh became a particularly popular name in the United Kingdom following the release of a song by the British rock group <a href="/wiki/Marillion" title="Marillion">Marillion</a>. Government statistics in 2005 revealed that 96% of Kayleighs were born after 1985, the year in which Marillion released "<a href="/wiki/Kayleigh" title="Kayleigh">Kayleigh</a>". <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Popular culture figures need not be admirable in order to influence naming trends. For example, Peyton came into the top 1000 as a female given name for babies in the United States for the first time in 1992 (at #583), immediately after it was featured as the name of an evil nanny in the film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hand_That_Rocks_the_Cradle_(film)" title="The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (film)">The Hand That Rocks the Cradle</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ssa_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ssa-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, historical events can influence child-naming. For example, the given name <a href="/wiki/Adolf" title="Adolf">Adolf</a> has fallen out of use since the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in 1945. </p><p>In contrast with this anecdotal evidence, a comprehensive study of Norwegian first name datasets<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shows that the main factors that govern first name dynamics are <a href="/wiki/Endogenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Endogenous">endogenous</a>. Monitoring the popularity of 1,000 names over 130 years, the authors have identified only five cases of <a href="/wiki/Exogenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Exogenous">exogenous</a> effects, three of them are connected to the names given to the babies of the Norwegian royal family. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century_African-American_names">20th century African-American names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 20th century African-American names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the civil rights movement of 1950–1970, <a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">African-American names</a> given to children have strongly mirrored sociopolitical movements and philosophies in the African-American community. Since the 1970s neologistic (creative, inventive) practices have become increasingly common and the subject of academic study.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypocorism" title="Hypocorism">Hypocorism</a> or pet name</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_popular_given_names" title="List of most popular given names">List of most popular given names</a> (in many countries and cultures)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_day" title="Name day">Name day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">Onomastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">Personal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">Praenomen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">Pseudonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint%27s_name" title="Saint's name">Saint's name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_name" title="Slave name">Slave name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_name" title="Thai name">Thai name</a> – somewhat special treatment of given names</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">Theophoric name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theophory_in_the_Bible" title="Theophory in the Bible">Theophory in the Bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_name" title="Unisex name">Unisex name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleonasm#Bilingual_tautological_expressions" title="Pleonasm">Bilingual tautological given names</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">However, the <i>family name – given name</i> order is used only in informal or traditional contexts. The official naming order in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> is <i>given name – family name</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Protesting Swedish naming laws, in 1996, two parents attempted to name their child <a href="/wiki/Naming_law_in_Sweden#Protest_names" title="Naming law in Sweden">Brfxxccxxmnpcccclllmmnprxvclmnckssqlbb11116</a>, stating that it was "a pregnant, expressionistic development that we see as an artistic creation".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-grigg-1991-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grigg-1991_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grigg-1991_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grigg-1991_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrigg1991" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Grigg" title="John Grigg">Grigg, John</a> (2 November 1991). <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">"The Times"</a>. <q>In the last century and well into the present one, grown-up British people, with rare exceptions, addressed each other by their surnames. What we now call first names (then Christian names) were very little used outside the family. Men who became friends would drop the Mr and use their bare surnames as a mark of intimacy: e.g. <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Holmes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dr._Watson" title="Dr. Watson">Watson</a>. First names were only generally used for, and among, children. Today we have gone to the other extreme. People tend to be on first-name terms from the moment of introduction, and surnames are often hardly mentioned. Moreover, first names are relentlessly abbreviated, particularly in the media: Susan becomes <a href="/wiki/Sue_Lawley" title="Sue Lawley">Sue</a>, Terrence <a href="/wiki/Terry_Wogan" title="Terry Wogan">Terry</a> and Robert <a href="/wiki/Bob_Holness" title="Bob Holness">Bob</a> not only to friends and relations, but to millions who know these people only as faces and/or voices.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Times&rft.date=1991-11-02&rft.aulast=Grigg&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span> quoted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurchfield1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burchfield" title="Robert Burchfield">Burchfield, R. W.</a> (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newfowlersmodern00fowl"><i>The New Fowler's Modern English Usage</i></a></span> (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 512. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199690367" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199690367"><bdi>978-0199690367</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Fowler%27s+Modern+English+Usage&rft.pages=512&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0199690367&rft.aulast=Burchfield&rft.aufirst=R.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewfowlersmodern00fowl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"A name given to a person at birth or at baptism, as distinguished from a surname" – according to the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/61/61/G0136100.html">American Heritage Dictionary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081211173759/http://www.bartleby.com/61/61/G0136100.html">Archived</a> 11 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coates-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coates_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoates1992" class="citation cs2">Coates, Richard (1992), "Onomastics", <i>The Cambridge History of the English Language</i>, vol. 4, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, pp. 346–347, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521264778" title="Special:BookSources/9780521264778"><bdi>9780521264778</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Onomastics&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+the+English+Language&rft.pages=346-347&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780521264778&rft.aulast=Coates&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southernliving.com/culture/double-names-souther-tradition">"How The Double-Name Trend Started And Stayed In The South"</a>. <i>Southern Living</i>. 19 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MFnames.com&rft.atitle=Origin+and+Meaning+of+Clemens&rft.au=Igor+Katsev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfnames.com%2Fmnames%2Fc%2Forigin-and-meaning-of-clemens.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassell's Latin Dictionary, Marchant, J.R.V, & Charles, Joseph F., (Eds.), Revised Edition, 1928</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Campbell" class="citation web cs1">Mike Campbell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.behindthename.com/php/view.php?name=george">"Meaning, Origin and History of the Name George"</a>. <i>Behind the Name</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Behind+the+Name&rft.atitle=Meaning%2C+Origin+and+History+of+the+Name+George&rft.au=Mike+Campbell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.behindthename.com%2Fphp%2Fview.php%3Fname%3Dgeorge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Campbell" class="citation web cs1">Mike Campbell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.behindthename.com/php/view.php?name=thomas">"Meaning, Origin and History of the Name Thomas"</a>. <i>Behind the Name</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Behind+the+Name&rft.atitle=Meaning%2C+Origin+and+History+of+the+Name+Thomas&rft.au=Mike+Campbell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.behindthename.com%2Fphp%2Fview.php%3Fname%3Dthomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Campbell" class="citation web cs1">Mike Campbell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.behindthename.com/php/view.php?name=quintus">"Meaning, Origin and History of the Name Quintus"</a>. <i>Behind the Name</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Behind+the+Name&rft.atitle=Meaning%2C+Origin+and+History+of+the+Name+Quintus&rft.au=Mike+Campbell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.behindthename.com%2Fphp%2Fview.php%3Fname%3Dquintus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Campbell" class="citation web cs1">Mike Campbell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.behindthename.com/php/view.php?name=edgar">"Meaning, Origin and History of the Name Edgar"</a>. <i>Behind the Name</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Behind+the+Name&rft.atitle=Meaning%2C+Origin+and+History+of+the+Name+Edgar&rft.au=Mike+Campbell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.behindthename.com%2Fphp%2Fview.php%3Fname%3Dedgar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Campbell" class="citation web cs1">Mike Campbell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.behindthename.com/php/view.php?name=peter">"Meaning, Origin and History of the Name Peter"</a>. <i>Behind the Name</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Behind+the+Name&rft.atitle=Meaning%2C+Origin+and+History+of+the+Name+Peter&rft.au=Mike+Campbell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.behindthename.com%2Fphp%2Fview.php%3Fname%3Dpeter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Campbell" class="citation web cs1">Mike Campbell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.behindthename.com/php/view.php?name=calvin">"Meaning, Origin and History of the Name Calvin"</a>. <i>Behind the Name</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Behind+the+Name&rft.atitle=Meaning%2C+Origin+and+History+of+the+Name+Calvin&rft.au=Mike+Campbell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.behindthename.com%2Fphp%2Fview.php%3Fname%3Dcalvin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgor_Katsev" class="citation web cs1">Igor Katsev. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110301001406/http://www.mfnames.com/mfnames/f/origin-and-meaning-of-francis.htm">"Origin and Meaning of Francis"</a>. <i>MFnames.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfnames.com/mfnames/f/origin-and-meaning-of-francis.htm">the original</a> on 1 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MFnames.com&rft.atitle=Origin+and+Meaning+of+Francis&rft.au=Igor+Katsev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfnames.com%2Fmfnames%2Ff%2Forigin-and-meaning-of-francis.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgor_Katsev" class="citation web cs1">Igor Katsev. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130103205405/http://www.mfnames.com/mnames/f/origin-and-meaning-of-francisco.htm">"Origin and Meaning of Francisco"</a>. <i>MFnames.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfnames.com/mnames/f/origin-and-meaning-of-francisco.htm">the original</a> on 3 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MFnames.com&rft.atitle=Origin+and+Meaning+of+Francisco&rft.au=Igor+Katsev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfnames.com%2Fmnames%2Ff%2Forigin-and-meaning-of-francisco.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgor_Katsev" class="citation web cs1">Igor Katsev. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201201918/http://www.mfnames.com/mnames/f/origin-and-meaning-of-franciscus.htm">"Origin and Meaning of Franciscus"</a>. <i>MFnames.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfnames.com/mnames/f/origin-and-meaning-of-franciscus.htm">the original</a> on 1 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MFnames.com&rft.atitle=Origin+and+Meaning+of+Franciscus&rft.au=Igor+Katsev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfnames.com%2Fmnames%2Ff%2Forigin-and-meaning-of-franciscus.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgor_Katsev" class="citation web cs1">Igor Katsev. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201182631/http://www.mfnames.com/mnames/w/origin-and-meaning-of-winston.htm">"Origin and Meaning of Winston"</a>. <i>MFnames.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfnames.com/mnames/w/origin-and-meaning-of-winston.htm">the original</a> on 1 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MFnames.com&rft.atitle=Origin+and+Meaning+of+Winston&rft.au=Igor+Katsev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfnames.com%2Fmnames%2Fw%2Forigin-and-meaning-of-winston.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgor_Katsev" class="citation web cs1">Igor Katsev. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110527201539/http://www.mfnames.com/mnames/h/origin-and-meaning-of-harrison.htm">"Origin and Meaning of Harrison"</a>. <i>MFnames.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfnames.com/mnames/h/origin-and-meaning-of-harrison.htm">the original</a> on 27 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MFnames.com&rft.atitle=Origin+and+Meaning+of+Harrison&rft.au=Igor+Katsev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfnames.com%2Fmnames%2Fh%2Forigin-and-meaning-of-harrison.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgor_Katsev" class="citation web cs1">Igor Katsev. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110527140947/http://www.mfnames.com/mnames/r/origin-and-meaning-of-ross.htm">"Origin and Meaning of Ross"</a>. <i>MFnames.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfnames.com/mnames/r/origin-and-meaning-of-ross.htm">the original</a> on 27 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MFnames.com&rft.atitle=Origin+and+Meaning+of+Ross&rft.au=Igor+Katsev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfnames.com%2Fmnames%2Fr%2Forigin-and-meaning-of-ross.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trevors, whose descendant Trevor Charles Roper became Lord Dacre in 1786</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgor_Katsev" class="citation web cs1">Igor Katsev. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090107044925/http://www.mfnames.com/fnames/b/origin-and-meaning-of-brittany.htm">"Origin and Meaning of Brittany"</a>. <i>MFnames.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfnames.com/fnames/b/origin-and-meaning-of-brittany.htm">the original</a> on 7 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MFnames.com&rft.atitle=Origin+and+Meaning+of+Brittany&rft.au=Igor+Katsev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfnames.com%2Ffnames%2Fb%2Forigin-and-meaning-of-brittany.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Campbell" class="citation web cs1">Mike Campbell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.behindthename.com/name/lorraine">"Meaning, Origin and History of the Name Lorraine"</a>. <i>Behind the Name</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfnames.com/fnames/n/origin-and-meaning-of-natalie.htm">the original</a> on 7 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poland.gov.pl/Polish,names,2470.html">the original</a> on 3 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%23Polska&rft.atitle=Witamy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poland.gov.pl%2FPolish%2Cnames%2C2470.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/09/19/banned-baby-names_n_12090708.html">"Unisex Baby Names Are Illegal In These 4 Countries"</a>. <i>HuffPost</i>. 19 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Unisex+Baby+Names+Are+Illegal+In+These+4+Countries&rft.date=2016-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.ca%2F2016%2F09%2F19%2Fbanned-baby-names_n_12090708.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoom19966-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoom19966_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoom1996">Room 1996</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarolini200591,_98-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarolini200591,_98_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarolini2005">Barolini 2005</a>, p. 91, 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galbithink.org/names.htm">"First Name Popularity in England and Wales over the Past Thousand Years"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Name+Popularity+in+England+and+Wales+over+the+Past+Thousand+Years&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.galbithink.org%2Fnames.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://analyticalvisions.blogspot.com/2006/11/names.html">"Names"</a>. <i>Analytical Visions</i>. 13 November 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Visions&rft.atitle=Names&rft.date=2006-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanalyticalvisions.blogspot.com%2F2006%2F11%2Fnames.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Eric Oliver, Thomas Wood, Alexandra Bass. "Liberellas versus Konservatives: Social Status, Ideology, and Birth Names in the United States" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conference.mpsanet.org/Online/Search.aspx?session=2834">Presented at</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130713085234/http://conference.mpsanet.org/Online/Search.aspx?session=2834">Archived</a> 13 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> the 2013 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Midwestern_Political_Science_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midwestern Political Science Association (page does not exist)">Midwestern Political Science Association</a> Annual Meeting</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baby_Name_Game-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baby_Name_Game_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140329014247/http://baby-namer.meteor.com/launch">"Baby Name Game"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monkie.biz">the original</a> on 29 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baby+Name+Game&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monkie.biz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050727084712/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=184">"Babies' Names 2004"</a>. <i>National Statistics Online</i>. 5 January 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=184">the original</a> on 27 July 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Statistics+Online&rft.atitle=Babies%27+Names+2004&rft.date=2005-01-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fcci%2Fnugget.asp%3Fid%3D184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ssa-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ssa_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ssa_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ssa_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssa.gov/OACT/babynames/">Popular Baby Names</a>", Social Security Administration, US.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKesslerMaruvkaOurenShnerb2012" class="citation journal cs1">Kessler, David A.; Maruvka, Yosi E.; Ouren, Jøergen; Shnerb, Nadav M. (20 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3380031">"You Name It – How Memory and Delay Govern First Name Dynamics"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>7</b> (6): e38790. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PLoSO...738790K">2012PLoSO...738790K</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0038790">10.1371/journal.pone.0038790</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3380031">3380031</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22745679">22745679</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=You+Name+It+%E2%80%93+How+Memory+and+Delay+Govern+First+Name+Dynamics&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=e38790&rft.date=2012-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3380031%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22745679&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0038790&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012PLoSO...738790K&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft.au=Maruvka%2C+Yosi+E.&rft.au=Ouren%2C+J%C3%B8ergen&rft.au=Shnerb%2C+Nadav+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3380031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaddis2017" class="citation journal cs1">Gaddis, S. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osf.io/7c4wv/download">"How Black Are Lakisha and Jamal? Racial Perceptions from Names Used in Correspondence Audit Studies"</a>. <i>Sociological Science</i>. <b>4</b>: 469–489. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15195%2Fv4.a19">10.15195/v4.a19</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociological+Science&rft.atitle=How+Black+Are+Lakisha+and+Jamal%3F+Racial+Perceptions+from+Names+Used+in+Correspondence+Audit+Studies&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=469-489&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15195%2Fv4.a19&rft.aulast=Gaddis&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosf.io%2F7c4wv%2Fdownload&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarolini2005" class="citation book cs1">Barolini, Teodolinda, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OcBkAAAAMAAJ"><i>Medieval Constructions in Gender And Identity: Essays in Honor of Joan M. Ferrante</i></a>. Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780866983372" title="Special:BookSources/9780866983372"><bdi>9780866983372</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Constructions+in+Gender+And+Identity%3A+Essays+in+Honor+of+Joan+M.+Ferrante&rft.place=Tempe&rft.pub=Arizona+Center+for+Medieval+and+Renaissance+Studies&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780866983372&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOcBkAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourinMartínez_Sopena2010" class="citation book cs1">Bourin, Monique; Martínez Sopena, Pascual, eds. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rj6CLZKq6fQC"><i>Anthroponymie et migrations dans la chrétienté médiévale</i></a> [<i>Anthroponymy and Migrations in Medieval Christianity</i>]. Madrid: Casa de Velázquez. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788496820333" title="Special:BookSources/9788496820333"><bdi>9788496820333</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthroponymie+et+migrations+dans+la+chr%C3%A9tient%C3%A9+m%C3%A9di%C3%A9vale&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pub=Casa+de+Vel%C3%A1zquez&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9788496820333&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drj6CLZKq6fQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruckBodenhorn2009" class="citation book cs1">Bruck, Gabriele vom; Bodenhorn, Barbara, eds. (2009) [2006]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4IIOQAAACAA"><i>An Anthropology of Names and Naming</i></a> (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Anthropology+of+Names+and+Naming&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4IIOQAAACAA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser_(classicist)" title="Peter Fraser (classicist)">Fraser, Peter M.</a> (2000). "Ethnics as Personal Names". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191018113913/https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/sites/default/files/104p149.pdf"><i>Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 149–157. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/sites/default/files/104p149.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ethnics+as+Personal+Names&rft.btitle=Greek+Personal+Names%3A+Their+Value+as+Evidence&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=149-157&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Peter+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebritishacademy.ac.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F104p149.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoom1996" class="citation book cs1">Room, Adrian (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XEtiAAAAMAAJ"><i>An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies</i></a>. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810831698" title="Special:BookSources/9780810831698"><bdi>9780810831698</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Alphabetical+Guide+to+the+Language+of+Name+Studies&rft.place=Lanham+and+London&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780810831698&rft.aulast=Room&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXEtiAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiolkowska2011" class="citation journal cs1">Ziolkowska, Magdalena (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.utlib.ee/index.php/jeful/article/view/jeful.2011.2.1.25">"Anthroponomy as an Element Identifying National Minority"</a>. <i>Eesti ja Soome-Ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 383–398. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12697%2Fjeful.2011.2.1.25">10.12697/jeful.2011.2.1.25</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240319222812/https://ojs.utlib.ee/index.php/jeful/article/download/jeful.2011.2.1.25/10298/15174">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eesti+ja+Soome-Ugri+Keeleteaduse+Ajakiri&rft.atitle=Anthroponomy+as+an+Element+Identifying+National+Minority&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=383-398&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12697%2Fjeful.2011.2.1.25&rft.aulast=Ziolkowska&rft.aufirst=Magdalena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fojs.utlib.ee%2Findex.php%2Fjeful%2Farticle%2Fview%2Fjeful.2011.2.1.25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Given_name&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/given_name" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:given name">given name</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Names" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:Names">Appendix:Names</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Most_popular_given_names_by_country" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:Most popular given names by country">Appendix:Most popular given names by country</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Given_names" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Given names">Given names</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> has the property: <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P735" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P735">given name (P735)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP735%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P735%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Christian Names"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Christian_Names">"Christian Names" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Christian+Names&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGiven+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galbithink.org/names/agnames.htm">Given Name Frequency Project</a> — Analysis of long-term trends in given names in England and Wales. Includes downloadable datasets of names for people interested in studying given name trends.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.babynamewizard.com/voyager">NameVoyager</a> — Visualization showing the frequency of the Top 1000 American baby names throughout history.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050330030604/http://www.census.gov/genealogy/names/names_files.html">U.S. Census Bureau: Distribution of Names Files</a> — Large ranked list of male and female given names in addition to last names.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssa.gov/OACT/babynames/">Popular Baby Names</a> — The Social Security Administration page for Popular U.S. Baby Names.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120410210007/http://www.muslimnamesworld.com/">Muslim Names</a> — Islamic names with Audio Voice for pronunciation of Arabic names.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog-en.namepedia.org/2015/11/why-most-european-names-ending-in-a-are-female/">Why Most European Names Ending in A Are Female</a> — Article on Namepedia about gender and naming.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@iris.atlanttida/name-design-53b1ae076a32">Name Design</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210223000448/https://medium.com/@iris.atlanttida/name-design-53b1ae076a32">Archived</a> 23 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> — How to make unique name design and create name art.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Personal_names" title="Template:Personal names"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Personal_names" title="Template talk:Personal names"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Personal_names" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Personal names"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Personal_names_and_anthroponymy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">Personal names</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthroponymy" title="Anthroponymy">anthroponymy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal name</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Given name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Surname</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Matriname" title="Matriname">Matrilineal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_family_name_affixes" title="List of family name affixes">Affixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobiliary_particle" title="Nobiliary particle">Nobiliary particle</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_name" class="mw-redirect" title="First name">First name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">Middle name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Last name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By trait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">Diminutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-barrelled_name" title="Double-barrelled name">Double-barrelled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">Epithet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_epithet" title="Animal epithet">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_people_by_epithet" title="Lists of people by epithet">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_epithet" title="Plant epithet">Plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">Eponymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">Matronymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">Metonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mononymous_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Mononymous person">Mononymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational name">Occupational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">Patronymic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Patronymic_surname" title="Patronymic surname">Surname</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">Sobriquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknonymy" title="Teknonymy">Teknonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">Toponymic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toponymic_surname" title="Toponymic surname">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrial_name" title="Patrial name">Patrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_name" title="Unisex name">Unisex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_name" title="Virtue name">Virtue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By life situation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aptronym" title="Aptronym">Aptronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">Code name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necronym" title="Necronym">Necronym</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placeholder_name" title="Placeholder name">Placeholder name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notname" title="Notname">Notname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_name" title="Slave name">Slave name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">Pseudonyms</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudonyms" title="List of pseudonyms">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bug%C5%8D" title="Bugō">Bugō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nicknames" title="Lists of nicknames">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocorism" title="Hypocorism">Hypocorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_by_nickname" title="List of monarchs by nickname">Monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nom de guerre">Nom de guerre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">Pen name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heteronym_(literature)" title="Heteronym (literature)">Heteronym</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_name" title="Ring name">Ring name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shikona" title="Shikona">Shikona</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_name" title="Stage name">Stage name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stage_names" title="List of stage names">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_one-word_stage_names" title="List of one-word stage names">Mononyms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Username" class="mw-redirect" title="Username">Username</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture<br /><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amami_name" title="Amami name">Amami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">Courtesy</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Generation_name" title="Generation name">Generation</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_titles" title="Chinese titles">Titles</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_name" title="Manchu name">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_name" title="Okinawan name">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Naming customs of Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Indigenous Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_name" title="Vietnamese name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Asia<br />and Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_name" title="Kalmyk name">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_name" title="Mongolian name">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakut names">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_name" title="Tibetan name">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a><br />and Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_name" title="Afghan name">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_name" title="Azerbaijani name">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berber name (page does not exist)">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic name">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun name">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_name" title="Persian name">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_name" title="Somali name">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_name" title="Tatar name">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_name" title="Turkish name">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_kinship" title="Australian Aboriginal kinship">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_name" title="Fijian name">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_name" title="Hawaiian name">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_naming_customs" title="Māori naming customs">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_names" title="Akan names">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_naming_customs" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo naming customs">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_in_Eritrea_and_Ethiopia" title="Naming conventions in Eritrea and Ethiopia">Eritrean and Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language#Naming_system" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_name" title="Ghanaian name">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_name" title="Igbo name">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_name" title="Yoruba name">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_names" title="Zimbabwean names">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_name" title="Albanian name">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_name" title="Armenian name">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_surname#Ashkenazi_Jewry" title="Jewish surname">Ashkenazi Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_surnames" title="Basque surnames">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian name (page does not exist)">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_name" title="Finnish name">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_name" title="Georgian name">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_name" title="Greek name">Greek</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_personal_names" title="Ancient Greek personal names">Ancient Greek</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_name" title="Greek Cypriot name">Cypriot</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_names" title="Hungarian names">Hungarian</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_name" title="Latvian name">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_name" title="Lithuanian name">Lithuanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_onomastics" title="Celtic onomastics">Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_surnames" title="Cornish surnames">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_name" title="Irish name">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_surnames" title="Manx surnames">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_name" title="Scottish Gaelic name">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_surnames" title="Welsh surnames">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_name" title="Germanic name">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_name" title="Dutch name">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_name" title="English name">English</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">African-American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Canadian_name" title="Canadian name">Canadian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_name" title="Hong Kong name">Hongkongese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_name" title="German name">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_name" title="Gothic name">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_family_name_etymology" title="Scandinavian family name etymology">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Swedish_name" title="Swedish name">Swedish</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan name">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_name" title="French name">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_name" title="Italian name">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan name (page does not exist)">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_name" title="Portuguese name">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">Roman</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">Praenomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Nomen_(Roman_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomen (Roman name)">Nomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">Cognomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Agnomen" title="Agnomen">Agnomen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_name" title="Romanian name">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_naming_customs" title="Spanish naming customs">Spanish</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Hispanic_America" title="Naming customs of Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_names" title="Slavic names">Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_name" title="Bulgarian name">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_name" title="Croatian name">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_name" title="Czech name">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_name" title="Belarusian name">Belarusian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Russian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_name" title="Ukrainian name">Ukrainian</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashubian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kashubian name (page does not exist)">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_onomastics" title="Macedonian onomastics">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish name">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_name" title="Serbian name">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_name" title="Slovak name">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_name_suffixes" title="Slavic name suffixes">Suffixes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_name" title="Balinese name">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese name">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_names" title="Indonesian names">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_surname" title="Chinese Indonesian surname">Chinese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_name" title="Javanese name">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer name">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names" title="Malaysian names">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_name" title="Indian name">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_name" title="Lao name">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_name" title="Sinhalese name">Sinhalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_ancient_Tamil_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Naming conventions of ancient Tamil country">Ancient Tamil country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_name" title="Thai name">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_name" title="Religious name">By religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_name" title="Christian name">Christian name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names" title="List of biblical names">Biblical name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_name" title="Papal name">Papal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint%27s_name" title="Saint's name">Saint's name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_surname" title="Buddhist surname">Buddhist surname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_name" title="Dharma name">Dharma name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_name" title="Jewish name">Jewish name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_name" title="Hebrew name">Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">Theophoric name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manners of address<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles" title="List of titles">List</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Title_of_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Title of authority">of authority</a>/<a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">of honour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">Honorific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_styles" title="Royal and noble styles">Imperial, royal, and noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary styles">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters" title="Pre-nominal letters">Pre-nominal letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffix_(name)" title="Suffix (name)">Suffix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">Emeritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">Post-nominal letters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Orders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Award" title="Award">decorations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medals</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">Courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_titles_of_nobility" title="False titles of nobility">False</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_title" title="Hereditary title">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_title" title="Subsidiary title">Subsidiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_title" title="Substantive title">Substantive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional titles">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic ranks">Academic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_degree" title="Professional degree">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_title_(academic)" title="Honorary title (academic)">Honorary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_title" title="Corporate title">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial titles">Judicial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_titles" title="Papal titles">Papal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_day" title="Name day">Name day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">Acronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">Anonymity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Anthropomorphism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification" title="Personification">Personification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">National</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">Call sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadnaming" title="Deadnaming">Deadnaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">Endonym and exonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galton%E2%80%93Watson_process" title="Galton–Watson process">Galton–Watson process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">Legal name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Name_change" title="Name change">Name change</a></li></ul></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_popular_given_names" title="List of most popular given names">Given</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_most_common_surnames" title="Lists of most common surnames">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Namesake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">Naming taboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature" title="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_nescio" title="Nomen nescio">Nomen nescio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">Misnomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">Onomastics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/-onym" title="-onym">-onym</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_identity" title="Personal identity">Personal identity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identifier" title="Identifier">Identifier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper name">Proper name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signature" title="Signature">Signature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monogram" title="Monogram">Monogram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khelrtva" title="Khelrtva">Khelrtva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signum_manus" title="Signum manus">Signum manus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">Tughra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_names" title="Category:Lists of names">Category:Lists of names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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