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id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Informal_resolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Informal_resolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Informal resolution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Informal_resolution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Informal resolution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Informal_resolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Avoidance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avoidance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Avoidance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avoidance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discussion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discussion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Discussion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discussion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disengagement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disengagement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Disengagement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disengagement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invite_neutral_users" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invite_neutral_users"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Invite neutral users</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invite_neutral_users-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formal_resolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formal_resolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Formal resolution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Formal_resolution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Formal resolution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Formal_resolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mediation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mediation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mediation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mediation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arbitration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arbitration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Meta, a Wikimedia project coordination wiki</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-pt-translate-header noprint nomobile" dir="ltr" lang="en"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Dispute+resolution&action=page&filter=&action_source=translate_page" title="Special:Translate">Translate this page</a></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-pt-languages noprint navigation-not-searchable" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-pt-languages-label">Other languages:</div><ul class="mw-pt-languages-list"><li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/ms" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Menyelesaikan perselisihan (36% translated)" lang="ms" dir="ltr">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/de" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Konfliktlösung (64% translated)" lang="de" dir="ltr">Deutsch</a></li> <li><span class="mw-pt-languages-ui mw-pt-languages-selected mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" lang="en" dir="ltr">English</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/eo" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Dispute resolution/eo (4% translated)" lang="eo" dir="ltr">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/da" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Afgørelse af stridigheder (11% translated)" lang="da" dir="ltr">dansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/es" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Resolución de conflictos (18% translated)" lang="es" dir="ltr">español</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/fr" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Résolution de conflit (79% translated)" lang="fr" dir="ltr">français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/lt" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Dispute resolution/lt (4% translated)" lang="lt" dir="ltr">lietuvių</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/pl" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Rozwiązywanie konfliktów (46% translated)" lang="pl" dir="ltr">polski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/pt-br" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Resolução de disputa (79% translated)" lang="pt-BR" dir="ltr">português do Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/cs" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Řešení sporů (82% translated)" lang="cs" dir="ltr">čeština</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/ba" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Бәхәстәрҙе яйға һалыу (25% translated)" lang="ba" dir="ltr">башҡортса</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/be-tarask" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Разьвязаньне спрэчак (21% translated)" lang="be-tarask" dir="ltr">беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/ky" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Талаштарды чечүү (4% translated)" lang="ky" dir="ltr">кыргызча</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/ru" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Разрешение конфликтов (54% translated)" lang="ru" dir="ltr">русский</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/ar" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="فض المنازعات (18% translated)" lang="ar" dir="rtl">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/sd" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="جھيڙي جھڳڙي جو حل (96% translated)" lang="sd" dir="rtl">سنڌي</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/th" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="การระงับข้อพิพาท (82% translated)" lang="th" dir="ltr">ไทย</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/zh" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="爭論的解決 (57% translated)" lang="zh" dir="ltr">中文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/ja" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="論争の解決 (25% translated)" lang="ja" dir="ltr">日本語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution/ko" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" title="분쟁 해결 (100% translated)" lang="ko" dir="ltr">한국어</a></li></ul></div> <dl><dd><small><i>For the essay, see <a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution_(essay)" title="Dispute resolution (essay)">Dispute resolution (essay)</a>. For the proposed committee, see <a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution_committee" title="Dispute resolution committee">Dispute resolution committee</a>.</i></small></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r27574818">.mw-parser-output .ts-Process_header-headerBox{align-items:center;background-color:var(--background-color-success-subtle,#dfd);color:var(--color-base,black);border:1px solid #00af89;display:flex;flex-flow:row;justify-content:space-between;margin:2px 0 .5em;padding:.25em .5em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Process_header-controls{padding:0 1em;width:20%}.mw-parser-output .ts-Process_header-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Process_header-notes{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-emphasized,#101418);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);margin:.5em 0 1em;padding:1em 1.5em}</style> <div class="ts-Process_header-headerBox" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="process-header-header" style="flex-flow: row;"> <div class="ts-Process_header-controls" style="text-align: left;"></div> <div class="ts-Process_header-header" id="process-header-header"><b>Dispute resolution process</b> (overview)</div> <div class="ts-Process_header-controls" style="text-align: right;"></div> </div> <div class="ts-Process_header-notes" role="note"><div class="noprint shortcut shortcut-ltr" dir="auto" lang=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r27790406">.mw-parser-output .shortcut{margin:2px;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-emphasized,#101418);padding:.5em;font-size:smaller;line-height:normal;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .shortcut-ltr{float:right;margin-right:0}.mw-parser-output .shortcut-rtl{float:left;margin-left:0}</style><a href="/wiki/Meta:Shortcuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Meta:Shortcuts"><bdi lang="en">Shortcut</bdi></a>: <br/><a href="/wiki/DR" class="mw-redirect" title="DR">DR</a></div>This page explains how to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispute_resolution" class="extiw" title="w:Dispute resolution">resolve a dispute</a> with another user. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="float:right; margin: 1em; border: thin solid var(--border-color-notice, #72777d); background: var(--background-color-notice-subtle, #eaecf0); color: var(--color-base, #202122); padding: 1ex; font-size: small;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r27803994">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dispute resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediation" title="Mediation">Mediation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/What_Mediation_is_not" title="What Mediation is not">What Mediation is not</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edit_war" title="Edit war">Edit war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incivility" title="Incivility">Incivility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_of_conflict" title="Source of conflict">Source of conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apology" title="Apology">Apology</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <p>In general, try to avoid heated arguments by remaining civil and seriously considering other editors' points of view. If a dispute develops, try privately talking to those involved, or spend some time away from the project to regain perspective. More specifically, see the steps below in the order they are listed. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Informal_resolution" data-mw-thread-id="h-Informal_resolution"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Informal_resolution"></span>Informal resolution<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Informal_resolution"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dispute_resolution&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Informal resolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Avoidance" data-mw-thread-id="h-Avoidance-Informal_resolution"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Avoidance-Informal_resolution"></span>Avoidance<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Avoidance-Informal_resolution"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dispute_resolution&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Avoidance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The best way to resolve a dispute is to avoid it in the first place. Be respectful to others and seriously consider their points of view. </p> <ul><li>You should not simply revert an edit made in good faith. If someone makes an edit you consider biased or inaccurate, <i>improve</i> the edit or revert it manually with a polite edit summary explaining why you're reverting it.</li> <li>Provide a good <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit_summary" class="extiw" title="mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> when making significant changes that other users might object to. The revision you would prefer will not be established by reverting, which is likely to aggravate other users. Discuss disputed changes on the talk page or privately. If you encounter rude or inappropriate behavior, resist the temptation to respond unkindly, and avoid personal attacks.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discussion" data-mw-thread-id="h-Discussion-Informal_resolution"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Discussion-Informal_resolution"></span>Discussion<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Discussion-Informal_resolution"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dispute_resolution&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Discussion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first step in resolving almost any conflict is to discuss the issue. Either contact the other party on that user's talk page, or use a neutral and relevant discussion page. When the dispute involves content, never allow the dispute to take over the content. Keep calm, avoid personal attacks, seriously consider the other person's perspective, and try to reach a compromise. Assume that the other person is acting in <a href="/wiki/Assume_good_faith" title="Assume good faith">good faith</a> unless you have clear evidence to the contrary. </p><p>Both at this stage and throughout the dispute resolution process, you must make a <i>serious</i> attempt at discussion and compromise. Failure to do so shows that you are trying to escalate the dispute instead of resolving it. This will make people less sympathetic to your position and may prevent you from effectively using later stages in dispute resolution. In contrast, sustained discussion and serious negotiation between the parties, even if not immediately successful, shows that you are interested in finding a solution that fits within Wikipedia policies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disengagement" data-mw-thread-id="h-Disengagement-Informal_resolution"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Disengagement-Informal_resolution"></span>Disengagement<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Disengagement-Informal_resolution"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dispute_resolution&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Disengagement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Try agreeing with the other user that until the dispute is resolved, neither will do anything to escalate it. For example, you might agree not to edit a controversial page or use administrator access, depending on the dispute. This allows others to consider the issue fairly without the confusion of ongoing escalation, and helps keep discussion calm. </p><p>If discussion fails or becomes heated, try disengaging further for a while. Participate constructively elsewhere, bring in an outside user, or both. Avoid going back to the area of dispute; respond to questions about it on your user talk page and direct the questioner to take their issues to a relevant talk page to keep all relevant discussion in one place. This is particularly helpful when disputing with new users, as it gives them a chance to familiarize themselves with the project's policy and culture. </p><p>Take a long-term view. In due course the problem may simply disappear, either because the other user moved on or more users became involved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invite_neutral_users" data-mw-thread-id="h-Invite_neutral_users-Informal_resolution"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Invite_neutral_users-Informal_resolution"></span>Invite neutral users<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Invite_neutral_users-Informal_resolution"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dispute_resolution&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Invite neutral users"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It might help to ask neutral users to join the discussion. Many disputes that cannot be resolved through direct discussion may be resolved with input from uninvolved users. Depending on the dispute, you may need to expose the issue to a larger audience. Consider posting to a local community discussion page or on <a href="/wiki/Requests_for_comments" class="mw-redirect" title="Requests for comments">Requests for comments</a>, or discuss on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" class="extiw" title="w:IRC">IRC</a> with other users. </p><p>If consensus is difficult to gauge from discussion alone, consider conducting a survey of opinion in order to clarify the issues in the discussion. Note that a survey cannot <i>generate</i> consensus, but is helpful for understanding it. Similarly, if you believe that users are ignoring a consensus, a survey cannot force those users to accept your proposed consensus. Although a survey <i>might</i> assist users in understanding the balance of opinions and reasons for those opinions on a given dispute, it can also easily degenerate into an argument over whether a particular survey is fairly constructed or representative. See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Discuss,_don%27t_vote" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Discuss, don't vote">w:Wikipedia:Discuss, don't vote</a> for reasons why discussion is necessary and superior to voting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Formal_resolution" data-mw-thread-id="h-Formal_resolution"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Formal_resolution"></span>Formal resolution<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Formal_resolution"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dispute_resolution&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Formal resolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some cases, the above steps will fail even if everyone involved seriously tries to reach an agreement. You can try one or several of the following steps, depending on the nature of the dispute and the preferences of people involved. Note that later steps of the dispute resolution process will be easier if you follow as many of these steps as feasible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mediation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Mediation-Formal_resolution"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Mediation-Formal_resolution"></span>Mediation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Mediation-Formal_resolution"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dispute_resolution&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mediation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Request that a respected neutral user <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mediation" class="extiw" title="w:mediation">mediate</a> the dispute. <a href="/wiki/Mediation" title="Mediation">Mediation</a> is a voluntary process in which a neutral person helps guide discussion towards an agreement that can be acceptable to everyone. When requesting mediation, be prepared to show that you tried to resolve the dispute using the steps listed above, and that all parties to the dispute are in agreement to mediate. Mediation cannot take place if all parties are not willing to take part. The mediator will work to let everyone express their points of view and listen to each other, so you can arrive at a satisfactory agreement for everyone. Mediation is a confidential and collaborative process of conflict resolution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arbitration" data-mw-thread-id="h-Arbitration-Formal_resolution"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Arbitration-Formal_resolution"></span>Arbitration<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Arbitration-Formal_resolution"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dispute_resolution&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Arbitration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>As a last resort</b>, having taken all other reasonable steps to resolve the dispute, you can submit the dispute for <a href="/wiki/Arbitration_committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbitration committee">arbitration</a>. Unlike mediation, in which the third party only helps the disputing users reach an agreement, an arbitration committee will impose a binding solution that all users <i>must</i> obey. Solutions may involve removal of access, blocking users, or forcing users to avoid editing the area of dispute. Such a decision will be enforced as necessary. If this doesn't work switch off the computer and take a break. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dispute_resolution&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbitration_committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbitration committee">Arbitration committee</a></li> <li>Conflict prevention: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.uni.edu/buscomm/Interpersonal/ConflictPrevention.htm">Communicating Strategically</a></i></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dispute_resolution&oldid=27805794">https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dispute_resolution&oldid=27805794</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts" title="Category:Conflicts">Conflicts</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 November 2024, at 02:56.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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