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未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">查看“︁沉积岩”︁的源代码</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="这篇条目只存在于此语言中。添加其他语言的条目" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">添加语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9&action=edit" title="编辑该页面"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25E6%25B2%2589%25E7%25A7%25AF%25E5%25B2%25A9%26action%3Dedit"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25E6%25B2%2589%25E7%25A7%25AF%25E5%25B2%25A9%26action%3Dedit"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82480" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">←<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9" title="沉积岩">沉积岩</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>根据以下的原因，您并无权限去编辑该页面： </p> <ul class="permissions-errors"><li class="mw-permissionerror-blockedtext"> <table id="mw-blocked-text" style="border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,rgba(0,0,0,0.4)); border-radius: 3px; width:100%; margin:0 auto 6px auto; padding: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin: 1.3em 0 1.3em 0;"><div style="font-size:1.6em; color:var(--color-error,rgba(221,51,51,1));"><b>您現在使用的IP地址目前不能編輯維基百科</b></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><div style="display: inline-block; padding: 0 2em; border-radius: 3px;"><b>您可以瀏覽頁面</b>，但不能編輯或建立頁面</div></div> </div> <div style="margin:auto; width:70%;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <p>目前，IP地址區段「<u>8.222.0.0/16</u>」已被‪Jimmy-abot‬<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BLOCK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BLOCK">封禁</a></b>，而您所使用的IP地址正位於被封禁的範圍內。該IP地址區段被封禁的 </p> <div style="margin:1em; background: var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0); padding:0.6em 2em; border:0px var(--border-color-notice,#666) solid; border-radius: 3px;" id="mw-blocked-text-reason"> <div style="color: var(--color-progressive--active,rgba(42,75,141,1))">封禁理由：</div> <div style="color: var(--color-error,rgba(221,51,51,1)); margin:0.5em 1em"> <table class="user-block" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); padding: 0.5em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banned_proxys.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Banned_proxys.svg/50px-Banned_proxys.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Banned_proxys.svg/75px-Banned_proxys.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Banned_proxys.svg/100px-Banned_proxys.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>您正在使用的<a href="/wiki/IP%E4%BD%8D%E5%9D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="IP位址">IP地址</a>被判定用于代理工具，因此这一IP已经被封禁。 <p>为防止破坏，<b><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/No_open_proxies/zh" class="extiw" title="m:No open proxies/zh">维基媒体基金会禁止使用部分代理工具来编辑维基百科</a></b>。 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #AAA; padding-top: 0.5em;"> <p><b>为什么？</b> </p><p>您当前访问维基百科使用的IP被我们判定为代理（包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="突破网络审查">突破网络审查</a>）工具所使用的IP。因代理工具可以隐藏用户的真实IP，使破坏者可以以人工或程序对维基百科进行破坏，故禁止使用公共代理工具进行编辑。 </p><p><b>怎么办？</b> </p> <ul><li>直接访问维基百科，不经过代理服务。</li> <li>如果您在中国大陆而必须使用代理服务器，或是有特殊需要，请您 <span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unblock-zh/Blocked_proxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Unblock-zh/Blocked proxy"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive" role="button">使用网站</span></a></span> 或者 <span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IPBEMAIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:IPBEMAIL"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive" role="button">使用电邮</span></a></span> 申请IP封禁豁免。带有此权限的用户可以使用被封禁的代理编辑维基百科。</li> <li>如果您相信自己并未运行或使用代理，那很可能是因为上一个从<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E4%BE%9B%E5%BA%94%E5%95%86" title="互联网服务供应商">互联网服务供应商</a>分配到此IP地址的用户运行了代理。那么请在您的<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:讨论页">讨论页</a>使用{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Unblock" title="Template:Unblock">unblock</a>}}模板申请解除封禁。极少数情况下，您的网络设备或服务提供商可能未进行正确配置，或已被恶意软件（如病毒）入侵。</li> <li>您如果无法自行解决问题，可至<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93" title="Wikipedia:IRC聊天频道">IRC聊天频道</a>寻求其他编者的帮助。</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="color: var(--color-progressive--active,rgba(42,75,141,1))">這次封禁的結束時間是：<b>2025年7月23日 (三) 10:52 (<a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>)</b></div> </div> <p>如您对此封禁有疑问或异议，您可以： </p> <div style="margin:1em; background: var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0); color: var(--color-progressive--active,rgba(42,75,141,1)); padding:0.6em 2em; border:0px var(--border-color-notice,#666 solid); border-radius: 3px;"> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.4em;"><b>网站申诉</b>：前往<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unblock-zh.org/new/zhwp">-{R|https://unblock-zh.org/new/zhwp}-</a>，如果您没有账户，请选择“无法创建账户”。如果您有账户，请选择“已有账户，但无法编辑”。在页面下方的“IP地址和IPBE”一节，请您选择“检测并提供我的IP地址信息，同时申请IPBE权限”。如果您使用代理/翻墙工具，请确保您开启全局模式，以保证我们获得您的准确IP信息。管理员将手工处理您的请求。</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.4em;"><b>邮件申诉</b>：将您的用户名和申诉理由写入电子邮件，发送至 <b><samp>unblock-zh<span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="@"><img alt="@" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nospam_at.svg/12px-Nospam_at.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nospam_at.svg/18px-Nospam_at.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nospam_at.svg/24px-Nospam_at.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>lists.wikimedia.org</samp></b>。管理员将在收到邮件后考虑您的请求。请注意邮件发送可能会有延时，请勿重复多次发送。</div> <div class="user-show"><b>联络管理员</b>：聯絡<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%94%B5%E9%82%AE%E8%81%94%E7%B3%BB/Jimmy-abot" title="Special:电邮联系/Jimmy-abot">执行封禁的管理员‪Jimmy-abot‬</a>或者其他的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%91%98%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95#在任管理员" title="Wikipedia:管理员名单">管理員</a>，討論這次封禁。如果您希望使用「電郵用戶」功能聯絡管理員，請注意您必须已于您的<a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE" title="Special:参数设置">参数设置</a>中設定了一個有效的電子郵件地址，并且在管理员执行封禁时没有被禁止发送电子邮件。</div></div> <p>您目前的IP地址是8.222.208.146，而該封鎖ID是#566341。請您在所有申訴中註明此IP地址及封鎖ID。 </p><p><br /> </p> <div style="height: 2em;"></div> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></li><li class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"><b>您的IP地址属于已<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks">在所有维基媒体基金会维基受到封禁</a>的地址段。</b> <p>封禁执行者是<a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a>。封禁原因是<i><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </i>。 </p> <ul><li>封禁开始时间：2023年8月27日 (日) 15:12</li> <li>封禁期满时间：2028年8月27日 (日) 15:12</li></ul> <p>您当前的IP地址是8.222.208.146。封禁的地址段是8.222.128.0/17。 </p> 请在进行咨询时提供上面所有详情。如果您认为您受到错误封禁，您可以在<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">禁止公开代理</a>全域方针里找到更多信息和说明。您也可以<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">到元维基发布复查申请</a>讨论该封禁。您还可以给<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">监管员</a><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a>队列（<kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd>）发送提供上面所有详情的电子邮件。</li></ul><hr /> <p>您可以查看和复制此页面的源代码。 </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="zh" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{unreferenced|time=2019-04-07T09:12:01+00:00}} [[File:Limestoneshale7342.jpg|frame|right|[[美国]][[田纳西州]]的石灰石性质的[[页岩]]层理结构]] [[File:Triassic Utah.JPG|thumb|right|美國[[猶他州]]西南部的沉積岩]] '''沉积岩'''（{{lang-en|Sedimentary rock}}），在有[[水循环]]的星球上，又称为'''水成岩'''，是三种组成[[地球]][[岩石圈]]的主要[[岩石]]之一（另外两种是[[火成岩]]和[[变质岩]]）。沉积岩是在[[地表]]不太深的地方，将其他[[岩石]]的[[风化]]产物和一些[[火山]]喷发物，经过水流或[[冰川]]的搬运、沉积、成岩作用形成的岩石。在[[地球]]地表，有70%的岩石是沉积岩組成的，但如果从地球表面到16公里深的整个[[岩石圈]]算，沉积岩體積只占5%，因此沉积岩是构成地壳表层的主要岩石。沉积岩主要包括有[[石灰岩]]、[[砂岩]]、[[页岩]]、[[礫岩]]等。沉积岩中所含有的[[矿产]]极为丰富，占全部世界[[矿产]]蕴藏量的80%。沉积岩特征是有层理，某些含有动植物[[化石]]，所以可以断定其[[地质年代]]。相較於[[火成岩]]及[[變質岩]]，沉積岩中的化石所受破壞較少，也較易完整保存，因此對[[考古學]]來說是十分重要的研究目標。 == 成因 == 风化的[[岩石]]颗粒，经[[大气]]、[[水]]流，到一定地点沉积下来，受到高压的[[成岩作用]]，逐渐形成岩石。沉积岩保留了许多地球的[[历史]]訊息，包括有古代[[动物|动]][[植物]][[化石]]，沉积岩的层理有[[地球]][[气候]][[自然环境|环境]]变化的信息。沉積岩形成的過程如下： # 風化侵蝕：在河流上、中游兩岸的大岩石，經年累月被侵蝕、風化或直接被河水切割後，逐漸崩解成碎塊或更小的沙、泥碎屑。 # 搬運：崩解、被切割下來的岩石碎屑，被河水從上游往下游搬移。 # 堆積：河流的流速向下游逐漸減緩，搬運能力也越來越小，因此，河中岩石碎屑便一路沉積下來。由上游、下游到海底，分別是「礫石層」、「砂層」、「泥層」。此外，由珊瑚、藻類等生物所堆積形成的，便是「珊瑚礁石層」。 # 壓密：由於新的層積物不斷堆壓在舊的上面，時間一久，底下的沉積物便會被壓得緊密結實。 # 膠結：密實的沉積物依然有許多孔隙。當地下水流經這些孔隙，帶來的礦物質將孔隙一一填滿，同時將岩石碎屑顆粒緊緊膠黏在一起。 ==构造== ===层理构造=== 层理构造是由沉积物的成分或粒徑大小的结构沿垂直于沉积物表面（层面）方向及側向延伸变化而显示出来的一种层状构造。层理构造是与[[岩浆岩]]、[[变质岩]]区别的重要标志。常见的有： *'''水平层理'''：由一系列与层面平行的细层组成的层理；一般形成于平静的或微弱流动的水环境中。 *'''斜理层理'''：由一系列与层面斜交的细层组成的层理；一般是在单向水流（或风）的作用下形成的，常见于河床沉积物中。 *'''交错层理'''：有些斜层理与原来生成的斜层理呈一定角度相交，相互交错（切蝕）而形成的。 *'''递变层理'''：同一层内碎屑颗粒粒径向上逐渐变细；它的形成常常是因沉积作用发生在运动的水介质中，其动力由强逐渐减弱。 ===层面构造=== *'''波痕'''：在还没有固结的沉积层面上，由于流水、风或波浪的作用形成的波浪起伏的表面，经过成岩作用保存下来。可指示流水方向與地層上下方向。 *'''泥裂'''：没有固结的沉积物露出水面干涸时，经过脱水收缩干裂而形成的裂缝。可用來指示地層上下方向。 == 分类 == 沉积岩的分类不仅根据其形成颗粒的大小，还要考虑到组成颗粒的化学成分，形成的条件等因素。颗粒形成的条件，是藉由[[水]]的相態變化和[[温度]]差異使得[[岩石]]碎裂，或者是[[化学]]作用，如[[淋溶作用]]、[[析出作用]]等。在搬运过程中，颗粒體積進一步变小，最终在一个新地点沉積成岩。 === 碎屑沉积岩 === 是从其他[[岩石]]的碎屑沉积形成的，包括有[[长石]]、[[闪石]]、[[火山]]喷出物、[[黏土]]、[[石英]]，以及[[变质岩]]的碎屑，而隨著碎屑的大小不同，形成的[[岩石]]種類也不同。 *[[泥岩]]：碎屑小于0.0039 mm（無形成頁理） *[[页岩]]：碎屑小于0.0039 mm（有形成頁理） *[[粉砂岩]]：碎屑在0.0039 至 0.0625 mm 之间 *[[砂岩]]：碎屑為0.0625 到 2 mm之間 *[[砾岩]]：碎屑為2 到 256 mm === 生物沉积岩 === 是由[[生物]]体的堆积造成的，如[[花粉]]、[[孢子]]、[[贝壳]]、[[珊瑚]]等大量堆积，並经过[[成岩作用]]所形成。一般认为，[[地球]]大气中的含碳量之所以相对其他[[行星]]如[[金星]]要低，就是因为被[[石灰岩]]等沉积岩固定。 *[[石灰岩]]、[[白雲岩]]：其中所含的物質，如[[碳]]和[[钙]]都能在[[生物]]系统中循环 *[[泥炭]]和[[褐煤]] === 化学沉积岩 === 即[[蒸發岩]]，由各种[[溶解]]物质或[[膠體]]物质沉澱而成，某种化学成分沉澱后，在一定条件下常同时结晶。 *[[岩盐]] *[[石膏]] == 参考文献 == {{Reflist}} == 外部链接 == * {{Commons-inline|Sedimentary rock}} {{地質學原理}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:水成岩| ]] [[Category:地质学]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>本页<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB" title="Wikipedia:嵌入包含">嵌入包含</a>了59个页面： </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ambox" title="Template:Ambox">Template:Ambox</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ambox&action=edit" title="Template:Ambox">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ambox/style.css" title="Template:Ambox/style.css">Template:Ambox/style.css</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ambox/style.css&action=edit" title="Template:Ambox/style.css">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" 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