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bond</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: public bond"> <meta name="keywords" content="public bond"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="public bond"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6353</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: public bond</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6353</span> Studying the Bond Strength of Geo-Polymer Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rama%20Seshu%20Doguparti">Rama Seshu Doguparti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the experimental investigation on the bond behavior of geo polymer concrete. The bond behavior of geo polymer concrete cubes of grade M35 reinforced with 16 mm TMT rod is analyzed. The results indicate that the bond performance of reinforced geo polymer concrete is good and thus proves its application for construction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geo-polymer" title="geo-polymer">geo-polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20strength" title=" bond strength"> bond strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behaviour" title=" behaviour"> behaviour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19114/studying-the-bond-strength-of-geo-polymer-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6352</span> Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Bond Thickness on the Interface Behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Sheet Bonded to Timber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Vahedian">Abbas Vahedian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rijun%20Shrestha"> Rijun Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keith%20Crews"> Keith Crews</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The bond mechanism between timber and fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) is relatively complex and is influenced by a number of variables including bond thickness, bond width, bond length, material properties, and geometries. This study investigates the influence of bond thickness on the behaviour of interface, failure mode, and bond strength of externally bonded FRP-to-timber interface. In the present study, 106 single shear joint specimens have been investigated. Experiment results showed that higher layers of FRP increase the ultimate load carrying capacity of interface; conversely, such increase led to decrease the slip of interface. Moreover, samples with more layers of FRPs may fail in a brittle manner without noticeable warning that collapse is imminent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre%20reinforced%20polymer" title="fibre reinforced polymer">fibre reinforced polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRP" title=" FRP"> FRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20shear%20test" title=" single shear test"> single shear test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20thickness" title=" bond thickness"> bond thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20strength" title=" bond strength"> bond strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100515/experimental-investigation-on-the-effect-of-bond-thickness-on-the-interface-behaviour-of-fibre-reinforced-polymer-sheet-bonded-to-timber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6351</span> Model-Independent Price Bounds for the Swiss Re Mortality Bond 2003</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20Kumari%20Bahl">Raj Kumari Bahl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sotirios%20Sabanis"> Sotirios Sabanis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we are concerned with the valuation of the first Catastrophic Mortality Bond that was launched in the market namely the Swiss Re Mortality Bond 2003. This bond encapsulates the behavior of a well-defined mortality index to generate payoffs for the bondholders. Pricing this bond is a challenging task. We adapt the payoff of the terminal principal of the bond in terms of the payoff of an Asian put option and present an approach to derive model-independent bounds exploiting comonotonic theory. We invoke Jensen’s inequality for the computation of lower bounds and employ Lagrange optimization technique to achieve the upper bound. The success of these bounds is based on the availability of compatible European mortality options in the market. We carry out Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the bond price and illustrate the strength of these bounds across a variety of models. The fact that our bounds are model-independent is a crucial breakthrough in the pricing of catastrophic mortality bonds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortality%20bond" title="mortality bond">mortality bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swiss%20Re%20Bond" title=" Swiss Re Bond"> Swiss Re Bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortality%20index" title=" mortality index"> mortality index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comonotonicity" title=" comonotonicity"> comonotonicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54923/model-independent-price-bounds-for-the-swiss-re-mortality-bond-2003" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6350</span> An Experimental Investigation of Bond Properties of Reinforcements Embedded in Geopolymer Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jee-Sang%20Kim">Jee-Sang Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Ho%20Park"> Jong Ho Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Geopolymer concretes are a new class of construction materials that have emerged as an alternative to Ordinary Portland cement concrete. Considerable researches have been carried out on material development of geopolymer concrete, however, a few studies have been reported on the structural use of them. This paper presents the bond behaviors of reinforcement embedded in fly ash based geopolymer concrete. The development lengths of reinforcement for various compressive strengths of concrete, 20, 30 and 40 MPa, and reinforcement diameters, 10, 16, and 25 mm are investigated. Total 27 specimens were manufactured and pull-out test according to EN 10080 was applied to measure bond strength and slips between concrete and reinforcements. The average bond strengths decreased from 23.06MPa to 17.26 MPa, as the diameters of reinforcements increased from 10mm to 25mm. The compressive strength levels of geopolymer concrete showed no significant influence on bond strengths in this study. Also, the bond-slip relations between geopolymer concrete and reinforcement are derived using non-linear regression analysis for various experimental conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond-slip%20relation" title="bond-slip relation">bond-slip relation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20strength" title=" bond strength"> bond strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer%20concrete" title=" geopolymer concrete"> geopolymer concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pull-out%20test" title=" pull-out test"> pull-out test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14860/an-experimental-investigation-of-bond-properties-of-reinforcements-embedded-in-geopolymer-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6349</span> Structural Properties, Natural Bond Orbital, Theory Functional Calculations (DFT), and Energies for Fluorous Compounds: C13H12F7ClN2O</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahriar%20Ghammamy">Shahriar Ghammamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masomeh%20Shahsavary"> Masomeh Shahsavary </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the optimized geometries and frequencies of the stationary point and the minimum energy paths of C13H12F7ClN2O are calculated by using the DFT (B3LYP) methods with LANL2DZ basis sets. B3LYP/ LANL2DZ calculation results indicated that some selected bond length and bond angles values for the C13H12F7ClN2O. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C13H12F7ClN2O" title="C13H12F7ClN2O">C13H12F7ClN2O</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vatural%20bond%20orbital" title=" vatural bond orbital"> vatural bond orbital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorous%20compounds" title=" fluorous compounds"> fluorous compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20calculations" title=" functional calculations"> functional calculations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6062/structural-properties-natural-bond-orbital-theory-functional-calculations-dft-and-energies-for-fluorous-compounds-c13h12f7cln2o" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6348</span> Evaluation of Environmental, Social, and Governance Factors by U.S. Tolling Authorities in Bond Issuance Disclosures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolas%20D.%20Norboge">Nicolas D. Norboge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purchasers of municipal bonds in primary and secondary markets are increasingly expecting issuers to disclose environmental, social, and governance factors (ESG) inissuance and continuing disclosure documents. U.S. tolling authorities are slowly catching up with other transportation sectors, such as public transit, in integrating ESG factors into their bond disclosure documents. A systematic mixed-methods evaluation of publicly available bond disclosure documents from 2010-2022 suggest that only a small number of U.S. tolling authorities disclosedall ESG factors; however, the pace has accelerated significantly from 2020-2022. Because many tolling authorities have a direct financial stake in the growth of passenger vehicle miles traveled on their toll facilities, and in turn the burning of more climate-warming fossil fuels, one crucial questionthat remains is how bond purchasers will view increasedESG transparency. Recent moves by large institutional investors, credit rating agencies, and regulators suggestan expectation of ESG disclosure is a trend likely to endure. This researchsuggests tolling authorities will need to proactively consider these emerging trends and carefully adapt their disclosure practiceswhere possible. Building on these findings, this research also provides a basic sketch framework for how issuers can responsibly position themselves within the changing global municipal debt marketplace. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debt%20policy" title="debt policy">debt policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESG" title=" ESG"> ESG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20bonds" title=" municipal bonds"> municipal bonds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public-private%20partnerships" title=" public-private partnerships"> public-private partnerships</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20tolling%20authorities" title=" public tolling authorities"> public tolling authorities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation%20finance" title=" transportation finance"> transportation finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20policy" title=" and policy"> and policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147132/evaluation-of-environmental-social-and-governance-factors-by-us-tolling-authorities-in-bond-issuance-disclosures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6347</span> A Study on the Improvement of the Bond Performance of Polypropylene Macro Fiber according to Longitudinal Shape Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-yong%20Choi">Sung-yong Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woo-tai%20Jung"> Woo-tai Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-hwan%20Park"> Young-hwan Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study intends to improve the bond performance of the polypropylene fiber used as reinforcing fiber for concrete by changing its shape into double crimped type through the enhancement its fabrication process. The bond performance of such double crimped fiber is evaluated by applying the JCI SF-8 (dog-bone shape) testing method. The test results reveal that the double crimped fiber develops bond performance improved by more than 19% compared to the conventional crimped type fiber. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bond" title="Bond">Bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Polypropylene" title=" Polypropylene"> Polypropylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20reinforcement" title=" fiber reinforcement"> fiber reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macro%20fiber" title=" macro fiber"> macro fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20change" title=" shape change"> shape change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1536/a-study-on-the-improvement-of-the-bond-performance-of-polypropylene-macro-fiber-according-to-longitudinal-shape-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6346</span> Investigating the Difference in Stability of Various Isomeric Hydrogen Bonded Dimers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ayoub">Mohamed Ayoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The structures and energetics of various isomeric hydrogen bonded dimers, such as (FH…OC, FH…CO), (FH…CNH, FH…NCH), (FH…N2O, FH…ON2), and (FH…NHCO, FH…OCNH) have been investigated using DFT B3LYP with aug-cc-pVTZ basis set and by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. For each isomeric pair we calculated: H-bond energy (ΔEB…H), charge-transfer (QCT), where B is atom bearing lone-pairs in CO, CNH, NCH, N2O, and NHCO, H-bond distances (RB…H), the elongation of HF bond (ΔRHF) and the red-shift of HF stretching frequency (ΔVHF). We conclude that the principle difference in the relative stability between each isomeric pair is attributed to distinctive interaction of carbon and oxygen lone pairs of CO, carbon and nitrogen lone-pairs of CNH and NCH, and nitrogen and oxygen lone pairs of N2O and NHCO into the unfilled antibond on HF (σ*HF). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20transfer" title="charge transfer">charge transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20chemistry" title=" computational chemistry"> computational chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isomeric%20hydrogen%20bond" title=" isomeric hydrogen bond"> isomeric hydrogen bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20bond%20orbital" title=" natural bond orbital "> natural bond orbital </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37558/investigating-the-difference-in-stability-of-various-isomeric-hydrogen-bonded-dimers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6345</span> Research of Interaction between Layers of Compressed Composite Columns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daumantas%20Zidanavicius">Daumantas Zidanavicius</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to investigate the bond between concrete and steel in the circular steel tube column filled with concrete, the 7 series of specimens were tested with the same geometrical parameters but different concrete properties. Two types of specimens were chosen. For the first type, the expansive additives to the concrete mixture were taken to increase internal forces. And for the second type, mechanical components were used. All 7 series of the short columns were modeled by FEM and tested experimentally. In the work, big attention was taken to the bond-slip models between steel and concrete. Results show that additives to concrete let increase the bond strength up to two times and the mechanical anchorage –up to 6 times compared to control specimens without additives and anchorage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20filled%20steel%20tube" title="concrete filled steel tube">concrete filled steel tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=push-out%20test" title=" push-out test"> push-out test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20slip%20relationship" title=" bond slip relationship"> bond slip relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20stress%20distribution" title=" bond stress distribution"> bond stress distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133631/research-of-interaction-between-layers-of-compressed-composite-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133631.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6344</span> Push-Out Bond Strength of Two Root-End Filling Materials in Root-End Cavities Prepared by Er,Cr: YSGG Laser or Ultrasonic Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noushin%20Shokouhinejad">Noushin Shokouhinejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Razmi"> Hasan Razmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Fekrazad"> Reza Fekrazad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Asgary"> Saeed Asgary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Neshati"> Ammar Neshati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Assadian"> Hadi Assadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanam%20Kheirieh"> Sanam Kheirieh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study compared the push-out bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and a new endodontic cement (NEC) as root-end filling materials in root-end cavities prepared by ultrasonic technique (US) or Er,Cr:YSGG laser (L). Eighty single-rooted extracted human teeth were endodontically treated, apicectomised and randomly divided into four following groups (n = 20): US/MTA, US/NEC, L/MTA and L/NEC. In US/MTA and US/NEC groups, rooted cavities were prepared with ultrasonic retrotip and filled with MTA and NEC, respectively. In L/MTA and L/NEC groups, root-end cavities were prepared using Er, Cr:YSGG laser and filled with MTA and NEC, respectively. Each root was cut apically to create a 2 mm-thick root slice for measurement of bond strength using a universal testing machine. Then, all slices were examined to determine the mode of bond failure. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA. Root-end filling materials showed significantly higher bond strength in root-end cavities prepared using the ultrasonic technique (US/MTA and US/NEC) (P < 0.001). The bond strengths of MTA and NEC did not differ significantly. The failure modes were mainly adhesive for MTA, but cohesive for NEC. In conclusion, bond strengths of MTA and NEC to root-end cavities were comparable and higher in ultrasonically prepared cavities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20strength" title="bond strength">bond strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Er" title=" Er"> Er</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cr%3AYSGG%20laser" title="Cr:YSGG laser">Cr:YSGG laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MTA" title=" MTA"> MTA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NEC" title=" NEC"> NEC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root-end%20cavity" title=" root-end cavity"> root-end cavity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17770/push-out-bond-strength-of-two-root-end-filling-materials-in-root-end-cavities-prepared-by-ercr-ysgg-laser-or-ultrasonic-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6343</span> Effect of Impact Load on the Bond between Steel and CFRP Laminate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Al-Mosawe">Alaa Al-Mosawe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riadh%20Al-Mahaidi"> Riadh Al-Mahaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon fiber reinforced polymers have been wildly used to strengthen steel structural elements. Those structural elements are normally subjected to static, dynamic, fatigue loadings during their life time. CFRP laminate is one of the common methods to strengthen these structures under the subjected loads. A number of researches have been focused on the bond characteristics of CFRP sheets to steel members under static, dynamic and fatigue loadings. There is a lack in understanding the behavior of the CFRP laminates under impact loading. This paper is showing the effect of high load rate on this bond. CFRP laminate CFK 150/2000 was used to strengthen steel joint by using Araldite 420 epoxy. The results showed that applying high load rate has a significant effect on the bond strength while a little influence on the effective bond length. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adhesively%20bonded%20joints" title="adhesively bonded joints">adhesively bonded joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20strength" title=" bond strength"> bond strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFRP%20laminate" title=" CFRP laminate"> CFRP laminate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20tensile%20loading" title=" impact tensile loading"> impact tensile loading</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14013/effect-of-impact-load-on-the-bond-between-steel-and-cfrp-laminate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6342</span> Bond-Slip Response of Reinforcing Bars Embedded in High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee%20Siong%20Wee">Lee Siong Wee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tan%20Kang%20Hai"> Tan Kang Hai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20En-Hua"> Yang En-Hua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the results of an experimental study undertaken to evaluate the local bond stress-slip response of short embedment of reinforcing bars in normal concrete (NC) and high performance fiber reinforced cement composites (HPFRCC) blocks. Long embedment was investigated as well to gain insights on the distribution of strain, slip, bar stress and bond stress along the bar especially in post-yield range. A total of 12 specimens were tested, by means of pull-out of the reinforcing bars from concrete blocks. It was found that the enhancement of local bond strength can be reached up to 50% and ductility of the bond behavior was improved significantly if HPFRCC is used. Also, under a constant strain at loaded end, HPFRCC has delayed yielding of bars at other location from the loaded end. Hence, the reduction of bond stress was slower for HPFRCC in comparison with NC. Due to the same reason, the total slips at loaded end for HPFRCC was smaller than NC as expected. Test results indicated that HPFRCC has better bond slip behavior which makes it a suitable material to be employed in anchorage zone such as beam-column joints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20stress" title="bond stress">bond stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20performance%20fiber%20reinforced%20cement%20composites" title=" high performance fiber reinforced cement composites"> high performance fiber reinforced cement composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slip" title=" slip"> slip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain" title=" strain"> strain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29290/bond-slip-response-of-reinforcing-bars-embedded-in-high-performance-fiber-reinforced-cement-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29290.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6341</span> Effect of Concrete Strength on the Bond Between Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Concrete in Hot Weather</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usama%20Mohamed%20Ahamed">Usama Mohamed Ahamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research deals with the bond behavior of carbon FRP composite wraps adhered/bonded to the surface of the concrete. Four concrete mixes were designed to achieve a concrete compressive strength of 18, 22.5,25 and 30 MP after 28 days of curing. The focus of the study is on bond degradation when the hybrid structure is exposed to hot weather conditions. Specimens were exposed to 50 0C temperature duration 6 months and other specimens were sustained in laboratory temperature ( 20-24) 0C. Upon removing the specimens from their conditioning environment, tension tests were performed in the machine using a specially manufactured concrete cube holder. A lightweight mortar layer is used to protect the bonded carbon FRP layer on the concrete surface. The results show that the higher the concrete's compressive, the higher the bond strength. The high temperature decreases the bond strength between concrete and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer. The use of a protection layer is essential for concrete exposed to hot weather. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond" title=" bond"> bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20weather%20and%20carbon%20fiber" title=" hot weather and carbon fiber"> hot weather and carbon fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20fiber%20reinforced%20polymers" title=" carbon fiber reinforced polymers"> carbon fiber reinforced polymers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169015/effect-of-concrete-strength-on-the-bond-between-carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer-and-concrete-in-hot-weather" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6340</span> Origin of Hydrogen Bonding: Natural Bond Orbital Electron Donor-Acceptor Interactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ayoub">Mohamed Ayoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We perform computational investigation using density functional theory, B3LYP with aug-cc-pVTZ basis set followed by natural bond orbital analysis (NBO), which provides best single “natural Lewis structure” (NLS) representation of chosen wavefunction (Ψ) with natural resonance theory (NRT) to provide an analysis of molecular electron density in terms of resonance structures (RS) and weights (w). We selected for the study a wide range of gas phase dimers (B…HA), with hydrogen bond dissociation energies (ΔEB…H) that span more than two orders of magnitude. We demonstrate that charge transfer from a donor Lewis-type NBO (nB:) to an acceptor non-Lewis-type NBO (σHA*) is the primary cause for H-bonding not classical electrostatic (dipole-dipole or ionic). We provide a variety of structure, and spectroscopic descriptors to support the conclusion, such as IR frequency shift (ΔνHA), H-bond penetration distance (ΔRB..H), bond order (bB..H), charge-transfer (CTB→HA) and the corresponding donor-acceptor stabilization energy (ΔE(2)). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20bond%20orbital" title="natural bond orbital">natural bond orbital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20bonding" title=" hydrogen bonding"> hydrogen bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20donor" title=" electron donor"> electron donor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20acceptor" title=" electron acceptor"> electron acceptor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17444/origin-of-hydrogen-bonding-natural-bond-orbital-electron-donor-acceptor-interactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6339</span> Effect of Fiber Types and Elevated Temperatures on the Bond Characteristic of Fiber Reinforced Concretes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdo%C4%9Fan%20%C3%96zbay">Erdoğan Özbay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakan%20T.%20T%C3%BCrker"> Hakan T. Türker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%C3%BCzeyyen%20Bal%C3%A7%C4%B1kanl%C4%B1"> Müzeyyen Balçıkanlı</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Lachemi"> Mohamed Lachemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the effects of fiber types and elevated temperatures on compressive strength, modulus of rapture and the bond characteristics of fiber reinforced concretes (FRC) are presented. By using the three different types of fibers (steel fiber-SF, polypropylene-PPF and polyvinyl alcohol-PVA), FRC specimens were produced and exposed to elevated temperatures up to 800 ºC for 1.5 hours. In addition, a plain concrete (without fiber) was produced and used as a control. Test results obtained showed that the steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) had the highest compressive strength, modulus of rapture and bond stress values at room temperatures, the residual bond, flexural and compressive strengths of both FRC and plain concrete dropped sharply after exposure to high temperatures. The results also indicated that the reduction of bond, flexural and compressive strengths with increasing the exposed temperature was relatively less for SFRC than for plain, and FRC with PPF and PVA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20stress" title="bond stress">bond stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevated%20temperatures" title=" elevated temperatures"> elevated temperatures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20reinforced%20concrete" title=" fiber reinforced concrete"> fiber reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20of%20rapture" title=" modulus of rapture"> modulus of rapture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29676/effect-of-fiber-types-and-elevated-temperatures-on-the-bond-characteristic-of-fiber-reinforced-concretes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29676.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6338</span> Empirical Analytical Modelling of Average Bond Stress and Anchorage of Tensile Bars in Reinforced Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maruful%20H.%20Mazumder">Maruful H. Mazumder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20I.%20Gilbert"> Raymond I. Gilbert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The design specifications for calculating development and lapped splice lengths of reinforcement in concrete are derived from a conventional empirical modelling approach that correlates experimental test data using a single mathematical equation. This paper describes part of a recently completed experimental research program to assess the effects of different structural parameters on the development length requirements of modern high strength steel reinforcing bars, including the case of lapped splices in large-scale reinforced concrete members. The normalized average bond stresses for the different variations of anchorage lengths are assessed according to the general form of a typical empirical analytical model of bond and anchorage. Improved analytical modelling equations are developed in the paper that better correlate the normalized bond strength parameters with the structural parameters of an empirical model of bond and anchorage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20stress" title="bond stress">bond stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20length" title=" development length"> development length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lapped%20splice%20length" title=" lapped splice length"> lapped splice length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2746/empirical-analytical-modelling-of-average-bond-stress-and-anchorage-of-tensile-bars-in-reinforced-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6337</span> Defects Estimation of Embedded Systems Components by a Bond Graph Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Gahlouz">I. Gahlouz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Chellil"> A. Chellil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper concerns the estimation of system components faults by using an unknown inputs observer. To reach this goal, we used the Bond Graph approach to physical modelling. We showed that this graphical tool is allowing the representation of system components faults as unknown inputs within the state representation of the considered physical system. The study of the causal and structural features of the system (controllability, observability, finite structure, and infinite structure) based on the Bond Graph approach was hence fulfilled in order to design an unknown inputs observer which is used for the system component fault estimation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation" title="estimation">estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20graph" title=" bond graph"> bond graph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controllability" title=" controllability"> controllability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=observability" title=" observability"> observability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42724/defects-estimation-of-embedded-systems-components-by-a-bond-graph-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42724.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6336</span> Theorical Studies on the Structural Properties of 2,3-Bis(Furan-2-Yl)Pyrazino[2,3-F][1,10]Phenanthroline Derivaties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Sadeghian">Zahra Sadeghian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reports on the geometrical parameters optimized of the stationary point for the 2,3-Bis(furan-2-yl)pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline. The calculations are performed using density functional theory (DFT) method at the B3LYP/LanL2DZ level. We determined bond lengths and bond angles values for the compound and calculate the amount of bond hybridization according to the natural bond orbital theory (NBO) too. The energy of frontier orbital (HOMO and LUMO) are computed. In addition, calculated data are accurately compared with the experimental result. This comparison show that the our theoretical data are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2" title="2">2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-Bis%28furan-2-yl%29pyrazino%5B2" title="3-Bis(furan-2-yl)pyrazino[2">3-Bis(furan-2-yl)pyrazino[2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-f%5D%5B1" title="3-f][1">3-f][1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=10%5Dphenanthroline" title="10]phenanthroline">10]phenanthroline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20functional%20theory" title=" density functional theory"> density functional theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theorical%20calculations" title=" theorical calculations"> theorical calculations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LanL2DZ%20level" title=" LanL2DZ level"> LanL2DZ level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B3LYP%20level" title=" B3LYP level"> B3LYP level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12220/theorical-studies-on-the-structural-properties-of-23-bisfuran-2-ylpyrazino23-f110phenanthroline-derivaties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6335</span> Effect of the Concrete Cover on the Bond Strength of the FRP Wrapped and Non-Wrapped Reinforced Concrete Beam with Lap Splice under Uni-Direction Cyclic Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayed%20Alyousef">Rayed Alyousef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tim%20Topper"> Tim Topper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adil%20Al-Mayah"> Adil Al-Mayah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many of the reinforced concrete structures subject to cyclic load constructed before the modern bond and fatigue design code. One of the main issue face on exists structure is the bond strength of the longitudinal steel bar and the surrounding concrete. A lap splice is a common connection method to transfer the force between the steel rebar in a reinforced concrete member. Usually, the lap splice is the weak connection on the bond strength. Fatigue flexural loading imposes severe demands on the strength and ductility of the lap splice region in reinforced concrete structures and can lead to a brittle and sudden failure of the member. This paper investigates the effect of different concrete covers on the fatigue bond strength of reinforcing concrete beams containing a lap splice under a fatigue loads. It includes tests of thirty-seven beams divided into three groups. Each group has beams with 30 mm and 50 mm clear side and bottom concrete covers. The variables that were addressed where the concrete cover, the presence or absence of CFRP or GFRP sheet wrapping, the type of loading (monotonic or fatigue) and the fatigue load ranges. The test results showed that an increase in the concrete cover led to an increase in the bond strength under both monotonic and fatigue loading for both the unwrapped and wrapped beams. Also, the FRP sheets increased both the fatigue strength and the ductility for both the 30 mm and the 50 mm concrete covers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20strength" title="bond strength">bond strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue" title=" fatigue"> fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lap%20splice" title=" Lap splice"> Lap splice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRp%20wrapping" title=" FRp wrapping"> FRp wrapping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34465/effect-of-the-concrete-cover-on-the-bond-strength-of-the-frp-wrapped-and-non-wrapped-reinforced-concrete-beam-with-lap-splice-under-uni-direction-cyclic-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6334</span> A Comparison between Shear Bond Strength of VMK Master Porcelain with Three Base-Metal Alloys (Ni-Cr-T3, Verabond, Super Cast) and One Noble Alloy (X-33) in Metal-Ceramic Restorations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Neshati">Ammar Neshati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Hamidi%20Shishavan"> Elham Hamidi Shishavan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Statement of Problem: The increase in the use of metal-ceramic restorations and a high prevalence of porcelain chipping entails introducing an alloy which is more compatible with porcelain and which causes a stronger bond between the two. This study is to compare shear bond strength of three base-metal alloys and one noble alloy with the common VMK Master Porcelain. Materials and Method: Three different groups of base-metal alloys (Ni-cr-T3, Super Cast, Verabond) and one group of noble alloy (x-33) were selected. The number of alloys in each group was 15. All the groups went through the casting process and change from wax pattern into metal disks. Then, VMK Master Porcelain was fired on each group. All the specimens were put in the UTM and a shear force was loaded until a fracture occurred. The fracture force was then recorded by the machine. The data was subjected to SPSS Version 16 and One-Way ANOVA was run to compare shear strength between the groups. Furthermore, the groups were compared two by two through running Tukey test. Results: The findings of this study revealed that shear bond strength of Ni-Cr-T3 alloy was higher than the three other alloys (94 Mpa or 330 N). Super Cast alloy had the second greatest shear bond strength (80. 87 Mpa or 283.87 N). Both Verabond (69.66 Mpa or 245 N) and x-33 alloys (66.53 Mpa or 234 N) took the third place. Conclusion: Ni-Cr-T3 with VMK Master Porcelain has the greatest shear bond strength. Therefore, the use of this low-cost alloy is recommended in metal-ceramic restorations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20bond" title="shear bond">shear bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base-metal%20alloy" title=" base-metal alloy"> base-metal alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noble%20alloy" title=" noble alloy"> noble alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porcelain" title=" porcelain"> porcelain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9916/a-comparison-between-shear-bond-strength-of-vmk-master-porcelain-with-three-base-metal-alloys-ni-cr-t3-verabond-super-cast-and-one-noble-alloy-x-33-in-metal-ceramic-restorations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6333</span> Effect of Different FRP Wrapping and Thickness of Concrete Cover on Fatigue Bond Strength of Spliced Concrete Beam </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayed%20Alyousef">Rayed Alyousef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tim%20Topper"> Tim Topper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adil%20Al-Mayah"> Adil Al-Mayah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents results of an ongoing research program at University of Waterloo to study the effect of external FRP sheet wrap confinement along a lap splice of reinforced concrete (RC) beams on their fatigue bond strength. Fatigue loading of RC beams containing a lap splice resulted in an increase in the number and width of cracks, an increase in deflection and a decrease of the bond strength between the steel rebar and the surrounding concrete. The phase of the research described here consists of monotonic and fatigue tests of thirty two reinforced concrete beam with dimensions 2200⨉350⨉250 mm. Each beam was reinforced with two 20M bars lap spliced in the constant moment region of the tension zone and two 10M bars in the compression zone outside the constant moment region. The test variables were the presence or absence of a FRP wrapping, the type of the FRP wrapping (GFRP or CFRP), the type of loading and the fatigue load range. The test results for monotonic loading showed that the stiffness of all beams was almost same, but that the FRP sheet wrapping increased the bond strength and the deflection at ultimate load. All beams tested under fatigue loading failed by a bond failure except one CFRP wrapped beam that failed by fatigue of the main reinforcement. The FRP sheet increased the bond strength for all specimens under fatigue loading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lap%20splice" title="lap splice">lap splice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20strength" title=" bond strength"> bond strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20loading" title=" fatigue loading"> fatigue loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRP" title=" FRP"> FRP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34597/effect-of-different-frp-wrapping-and-thickness-of-concrete-cover-on-fatigue-bond-strength-of-spliced-concrete-beam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6332</span> Elastoplastic Modified Stillinger Weber-Potential Based Discretized Virtual Internal Bond and Its Application to the Dynamic Fracture Propagation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dina%20Kon%20Mushid">Dina Kon Mushid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kabutakapua%20Kakanda"> Kabutakapua Kakanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dibu%20Dave%20Mbako"> Dibu Dave Mbako</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The failure of material usually involves elastoplastic deformation and fracturing. Continuum mechanics can effectively deal with plastic deformation by using a yield function and the flow rule. At the same time, it has some limitations in dealing with the fracture problem since it is a theory based on the continuous field hypothesis. The lattice model can simulate the fracture problem very well, but it is inadequate for dealing with plastic deformation. Based on the discretized virtual internal bond model (DVIB), this paper proposes a lattice model that can account for plasticity. DVIB is a lattice method that considers material to comprise bond cells. Each bond cell may have any geometry with a finite number of bonds. The two-body or multi-body potential can characterize the strain energy of a bond cell. The two-body potential leads to the fixed Poisson ratio, while the multi-body potential can overcome the limitation of the fixed Poisson ratio. In the present paper, the modified Stillinger-Weber (SW), a multi-body potential, is employed to characterize the bond cell energy. The SW potential is composed of two parts. One part is the two-body potential that describes the interatomic interactions between particles. Another is the three-body potential that represents the bond angle interactions between particles. Because the SW interaction can represent the bond stretch and bond angle contribution, the SW potential-based DVIB (SW-DVIB) can represent the various Poisson ratios. To embed the plasticity in the SW-DVIB, the plasticity is considered in the two-body part of the SW potential. It is done by reducing the bond stiffness to a lower level once the bond reaches the yielding point. While before the bond reaches the yielding point, the bond is elastic. When the bond deformation exceeds the yielding point, the bond stiffness is softened to a lower value. When unloaded, irreversible deformation occurs. With the bond length increasing to a critical value, termed the failure bond length, the bond fails. The critical failure bond length is related to the cell size and the macro fracture energy. By this means, the fracture energy is conserved so that the cell size sensitivity problem is relieved to a great extent. In addition, the plasticity and the fracture are also unified at the bond level. To make the DVIB able to simulate different Poisson ratios, the three-body part of the SW potential is kept elasto-brittle. The bond angle can bear the moment before the bond angle increment is smaller than a critical value. By this method, the SW-DVIB can simulate the plastic deformation and the fracturing process of material with various Poisson ratios. The elastoplastic SW-DVIB is used to simulate the plastic deformation of a material, the plastic fracturing process, and the tunnel plastic deformation. It has been shown that the current SW-DVIB method is straightforward in simulating both elastoplastic deformation and plastic fracture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lattice%20model" title="lattice model">lattice model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discretized%20virtual%20internal%20bond" title=" discretized virtual internal bond"> discretized virtual internal bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastoplastic%20deformation" title=" elastoplastic deformation"> elastoplastic deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture" title=" fracture"> fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20stillinger-weber%20potential" title=" modified stillinger-weber potential"> modified stillinger-weber potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157163/elastoplastic-modified-stillinger-weber-potential-based-discretized-virtual-internal-bond-and-its-application-to-the-dynamic-fracture-propagation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6331</span> Bond Strength of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Steel Plates: Experimental Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazin%20Mohammed%20Sarhan%20Sarhan">Mazin Mohammed Sarhan Sarhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an experimental study of the bond behaviour of confined concrete beams reinforced with a chequer steel plate or a deformed steel bar by using the beam-bending pullout test. A total of three beams of 225 mm width, 300 mm height, and 600 mm length were cast and tested. All the beams had the same details of compression reinforcement and stirrups; two plain steel bars of 10 mm diameter (R10) were used for the compression reinforcement, and plain steel bars (R10) at a distance of 80 mm centre to centre were used for the stirrups. The first beam was reinforced with a deformed steel bar while the remaining beams were reinforced with horizontal or vertical chequer steel plates. The results showed no significant difference in the bond force between the beams reinforced with a deformed steel bar or a horizontal steel plate. The beam reinforced with a vertical steel plate considerably presented a bond force higher than the beam reinforced with a horizontal steel plate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond" title="bond">bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pullout" title=" pullout"> pullout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20plate" title=" steel plate"> steel plate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114586/bond-strength-of-concrete-beams-reinforced-with-steel-plates-experimental-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6330</span> Mathematical Model of Corporate Bond Portfolio and Effective Border Preview</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20Podluzhnyy">Sergey Podluzhnyy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most important tasks of investment and pension fund management is building decision support system which helps to make right decision on corporate bond portfolio formation. Today there are several basic methods of bond portfolio management. They are duration management, immunization and convexity management. Identified methods have serious disadvantage: they do not take into account credit risk or insolvency risk of issuer. So, identified methods can be applied only for management and evaluation of high-quality sovereign bonds. Applying article proposes mathematical model for building an optimal in case of risk and yield corporate bond portfolio. Proposed model takes into account the default probability in formula of assessment of bonds which results to more correct evaluation of bonds prices. Moreover, applied model provides tools for visualization of the efficient frontier of corporate bonds portfolio taking into account the exposure to credit risk, which will increase the quality of the investment decisions of portfolio managers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20bond%20portfolio" title="corporate bond portfolio">corporate bond portfolio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=default%20probability" title=" default probability"> default probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20boundary" title=" effective boundary"> effective boundary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portfolio%20optimization%20task" title=" portfolio optimization task"> portfolio optimization task</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59174/mathematical-model-of-corporate-bond-portfolio-and-effective-border-preview" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6329</span> Robust Diagnosis of an Electro-Mechanical Actuators, Bond Graph LFT Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Boulanoir">A. Boulanoir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Ould%20Bouamama"> B. Ould Bouamama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Debiane"> A. Debiane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Achour"> N. Achour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with robust Fault Detection and isolation with respect to parameter uncertainties based on linear fractional transformation form (LFT) Bond graph. The innovative interest of the proposed methodology is the use only one representation for systematic generation of robust analytical redundancy relations and adaptive residual thresholds for sensibility analysis. Furthermore, the parameter uncertainties are introduced graphically in the bond graph model. The methodology applied to the nonlinear industrial Electro-Mechanical Actuators (EMA) used in avionic systems, has determined first the structural monitorability analysis (which component can be monitored) with given instrumentation architecture with any need of complex calculation and secondly robust fault indicators for online supervision. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20graph%20%28BG%29" title="bond graph (BG)">bond graph (BG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro%20mechanical%20actuators%20%28EMA%29" title=" electro mechanical actuators (EMA)"> electro mechanical actuators (EMA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20detection%20and%20isolation%20%28FDI%29" title=" fault detection and isolation (FDI)"> fault detection and isolation (FDI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20fractional%20transformation%20%28LFT%29" title=" linear fractional transformation (LFT)"> linear fractional transformation (LFT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechatronic%20systems" title=" mechatronic systems"> mechatronic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20uncertainties" title=" parameter uncertainties"> parameter uncertainties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avionic%20system" title=" avionic system"> avionic system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29219/robust-diagnosis-of-an-electro-mechanical-actuators-bond-graph-lft-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6328</span> Foreign Seeds on Chinese Soil: Public Bonds in Qing China, 1894-1911</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dan%20Li">Dan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Tang"> Hao Tang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The idea of “public bonds” was foreign to Qing China because it went against the traditional political ideology that supported that the emperor had absolute ownership over the nation. When a new fiscal crisis emerged out of the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894, the Qing rulers had no better option than to issue domestic bonds. This article documents the processes of issuance, distribution, and reimbursement for a total of three bonds issued by the Qing. These processes reveal how a well-established Western fiscal instrument could be extremely awkward and difficult to implant in China—a culturally, politically, and institutionally different society. Our paper sheds light on why Qing China failed to rise as a modern fiscal state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20bond" title="public bond">public bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qing%20China" title=" Qing China"> Qing China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiscal%20crisis" title=" fiscal crisis"> fiscal crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiscal%20state" title=" fiscal state"> fiscal state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20first%20Sino-Japanese%20war" title=" the first Sino-Japanese war"> the first Sino-Japanese war</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163553/foreign-seeds-on-chinese-soil-public-bonds-in-qing-china-1894-1911" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6327</span> Edward Bond's Questioning of Existence in His Play 'Have I None?'</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aycan%20Gurluyer">Aycan Gurluyer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 21st-century theatre has been shaped by lots of world-changing forces devastating human psychology and existence. Accepted as the greatest living English playwright, it is post-war British dramatist Edward Bond who uses a late-21st-century apocalyptic landscape as a weapon to question the human existence in his play 'Have I None?'. In this play, he tries to underline the degenerating and destructive effects of the society and environment on a couple whose lives are changed by an unexpected and annoying stranger. As victim of the society and the cultural corruption, the three vulnerable Bondian characters struggle for their expectations to find a place in this fictional world by sacrificing their own lives. Set in the 2077’s world, the play depicts that rigidly formed rules of the system/authority eliminates the existence of humans. According to Bond, the fascist practices of the governments/systems make people paralyzed in any way, so they choose to deny all realities by becoming biological beings or they gather to commit to suicide as troops. Our main aim is to underscore the questioning of the human existence by drawing the socio-political framework of the era, the capitalist system’s dehumanized individuals and their defence to survive, and what reality is in the 21st century, by focusing on Bond’s hallucinatory and tragic vision of the future in 'Have I None?'. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Bond" title="Edward Bond">Edward Bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apocalyptic" title=" apocalyptic"> apocalyptic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=existence" title=" existence"> existence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Have%20I%20None%3F" title=" Have I None?"> Have I None?</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103198/edward-bonds-questioning-of-existence-in-his-play-have-i-none" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6326</span> Effect of Surface Preparation of Concrete Substrate on Bond Tensile Strength of Thin Bonded Cement Based Overlays</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Asad%20Ali%20Gillani">S. Asad Ali Gillani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Toumi"> Ahmed Toumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anaclet%20Turatsinze"> Anaclet Turatsinze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After a certain period of time, the degradation of concrete structures is unavoidable. For large concrete areas, thin bonded cement-based overlay is a suitable rehabilitation technique. Previous research demonstrated that durability of bonded cement-based repairs is always a problem and one of its main reasons is deboning at interface. Since durability and efficiency of any repair system mainly depend upon the bond between concrete substrate and repair material, the bond between concrete substrate and repair material can be improved by increasing the surface roughness. The surface roughness can be improved by performing surface treatment of the concrete substrate to enhance mechanical interlocking which is one of the basic mechanisms of adhesion between two surfaces. In this research, bond tensile strength of cement-based overlays having substrate surface prepared using different techniques has been characterized. In first step cement based substrate was prepared and then cured for three months. After curing two different types of the surface treatments were performed on this substrate; cutting and sandblasting. In second step overlay was cast on these prepared surfaces, which were cut and sandblasted surfaces. The overlay was also cast on the surface without any treatment. Finally, bond tensile strength of cement-based overlays was evaluated in direct tension test and the results are discussed in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20substrate" title="concrete substrate">concrete substrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20preparation" title=" surface preparation"> surface preparation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overlays" title=" overlays"> overlays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20tensile%20strength" title=" bond tensile strength "> bond tensile strength </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38385/effect-of-surface-preparation-of-concrete-substrate-on-bond-tensile-strength-of-thin-bonded-cement-based-overlays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6325</span> Bond Strength of Different Strengthening Systems: Concrete Elements under Freeze–Thaw Cycles and Salt Water Immersion Exposure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firas%20Al-Mahmoud">Firas Al-Mahmoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Michel%20Mechling"> Jean-Michel Mechling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Shaban"> Mohamed Shaban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The long-term durability of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is often stated as being the main reason for the use of these materials. Indeed, structures externally or Near Surface Mounted (NSM) reinforced with Carbon Fibre Reinforcement Polymer CFRP are often in contact with temperature cycles and salt water immersion and other environmental conditions that reduce the expected durability of the system. Bond degradation is a frequent cause of premature failure of structural elements and environmental conditions are known to relate to such failures. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of environmental exposure on the bond for different CFRP strengthening systems. Bending tests were conducted to evaluate the bond with and without environmental exposure. The specimens were strengthened with CFRP sheets, CFRP plates and NSM CFRP rods embedded in two filling materials: epoxy resin and mortar. Then, they were exposed to up to 300 freeze–thaw cycles. One freeze–thaw cycle consisted of four stages according to ASTM or immersed in 3.5% salted tap water. A total of thirty-six specimens were prepared for this purpose. Results showed a decrease in ultimate bond strength for specimens strengthened by CFRP sheets that were immersed in salt water for 120 days, while a reduction was shown for CFRP sheet and plate bonded specimens that were subjected to 300 freeze–thaw cycles. Exposing NSM CFRP rod strengthened specimens, embedded in resin or mortar, to freeze–thaw cycles or to immersion in salt water does not affect the bond strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title="durability">durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strengthening" title=" strengthening"> strengthening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRP" title=" FRP"> FRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond" title=" bond"> bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeze%E2%80%93thaw" title=" freeze–thaw"> freeze–thaw</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25195/bond-strength-of-different-strengthening-systems-concrete-elements-under-freeze-thaw-cycles-and-salt-water-immersion-exposure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6324</span> Effect of Primer on Bonding between Resin Cement and Zirconia Ceramic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deog-Gyu%20Seo">Deog-Gyu Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Soo%20Ahn"> Jin-Soo Ahn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Recently, the development of adhesive primers on stable bonding between zirconia and resin cement has been on the increase. The bond strength of zirconia-resin cement can be effectively increased with the treatment of primer composed of the adhesive monomer that can chemically bond with the oxide layer, which forms on the surface of zirconia. 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) that contains phosphate ester and acidic monomer 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic anhydride(4-META) have been suggested as monomers that can form chemical bond with the surface oxide layer of zirconia. Also, these suggested monomers have proved to be effective zirconia surface treatment for bonding to resin cement. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of primer treatment on the bond strength of Zirconia-resin cement by using three different kinds of primers on the market. Methods: Zirconia blocks were prepared into 60 disk-shaped specimens by using a diamond saw. Specimens were divided into four different groups: first three groups were treated with zirconiaLiner(Sun Medical Co., Ltd., Furutaka-cho, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan), Alloy primer (Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Sakaju, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan), and Universal primer (Tokuyama dental Corp., Taitou, Taitou-ku, Tokyo, Japan) respectively. The last group was the control with no surface treatment. Dual cured resin cement (Biscem, Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA) was luted to each group of specimens. And then, shear bond strengths were measured by universal tesing machine. The significance of the result was statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. The failure sites in each group were inspected under a magnifier. Results: Mean shear bond strength were 0.60, 1.39, 1.03, 1.38 MPa for control, Zirconia Liner (ZL), Alloy primer (AP), Universal primer (UP), respectively. Groups with application of each of the three primers showed significantly higher shear bond strength compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Among the three groups with the treatment, ZL and UP showed significantly higher shear bond strength than AP (p < 0.05), and there were no significant differences in mean shear bond strength between ZL and UP (p < 0.05). While the most specimens of control groups showed adhesive failure (80%), the most specimens of three primer-treated groups showed cohesive or mixed failure (80%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primer" title="primer">primer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resin%20cement" title=" resin cement"> resin cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20bond%20strength" title=" shear bond strength"> shear bond strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zirconia" title=" zirconia"> zirconia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78632/effect-of-primer-on-bonding-between-resin-cement-and-zirconia-ceramic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 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