Kenya - Longitudinal Socioeconomic Study of Refugees and Host Communities 2022-2023

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Kenya - Longitudinal Socioeconomic Study of Refugees and Host Communities 2022-2023</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.15.4/css/all.min.css" integrity="sha512-1ycn6IcaQQ40/MKBW2W4Rhis/DbILU74C1vSrLJxCq57o941Ym01SwNsOMqvEBFlcgUa6xLiPY/NS5R+E6ztJQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://microdata.worldbank.org/themes/nada52/css/style.css?v2023"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://microdata.worldbank.org/themes/nada52/css/custom.css?v2021"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://microdata.worldbank.org/themes/nada52/css/home.css?v03212019"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://microdata.worldbank.org/themes/nada52/css/variables.css?v07042021"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://microdata.worldbank.org/themes/nada52/css/facets.css?v062021"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://microdata.worldbank.org/themes/nada52/css/catalog-tab.css?v07052021"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://microdata.worldbank.org/themes/nada52/css/catalog-card.css?v10102021-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://microdata.worldbank.org/themes/nada52/css/filter-action-bar.css?v14052021-3"> <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-ChfqqxuZUCnJSK3+MXmPNIyE6ZbWh2IMqE241rYiqJxyMiZ6OW/JmZQ5stwEULTy" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var CI = {'base_url': 'https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php'}; if (top.frames.length!=0) { top.location=self.document.location; } $(document).ready(function() { /*global ajax error handler */ $( document ).ajaxError(function(event, jqxhr, settings, exception) { if(jqxhr.status==401){ window.location=CI.base_url+'/auth/login/?destination=catalog/'; } else if (jqxhr.status>=500){ alert(jqxhr.responseText); } }); }); //end-document-ready </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://microdata.worldbank.org/javascript/linkify.min.js?v=112024"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://microdata.worldbank.org/javascript/linkify-jquery.min.js?v=112024"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://microdata.worldbank.org/javascript/pym.v1.min.js?v=112024"></script><script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org/", "@type": "Dataset", "name": "Longitudinal Socioeconomic Study of Refugees and Host Communities 2022-2023 - Kenya", "description": "Abstract\r\n---------------------------\r\n\r\nThe World Bank in collaboration with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) and the University of California-Berkeley conducted a cross-sectional survey on refugee and host populations living in camp (Dadaab, Kakuma and Kalobeyei) and urban (Nairobi, Nakuru and Mombasa) locations. This dataset contains information from wave 1 which is part of a panel survey that targets refugees and their hosts communities. Enumerators were trained in a participatory approach where they learned how to collect data specific for refugees as well as nationals. Data quality monitoring was conducted daily during data collection to provide feedback to the field team and correct any arising errors. Data was collected with computer Aided Personal Interviews (CAPI) technique through the Ipsos iField software.\n\nThe sample is representative of camp based (Dadaab, Kakuma and Kalobeyei) refugees and their host communities in Turkana and Garissa; and urban based (Nairobi, Mombasa and Nakuru) refugees and their host communities. Refugees were sampled from two frames, the UNHCR registration database proGress and the Socioeconomic Surveys (SES Kakuma, Kalobeyei and Nairobi) in two stages. An overlapping frames correction was used to account for observations with a positive probability of being selected from either frame. Hosts were sampled using a two-step cluster design, whereby a set of Enumeration Areas (EAs) and replacement EAs was drawn with probability proportional to size (PPS) from the universe of eligible EAs. Subsequently, a listing exercise was carried out to eliminate ineligible households including households where one member was registered with UNHCR as a refugee or asylum seeker. In the second stage, 10 households and a list of 5 replacements for the case of non-response was drawn for each selected EA using simple random sampling. \n\nTargeted modules on women empowerment and child education were administered to women aged 15 and above and 5th grade children, respectively. A part of the education module was also answered to the child\u2019s caregiver (adult 18 years and above). Unlike other modules, the education module was only implemented in the Kakuma, Kalobeyei, and Dadaab refugee strata and the Turkana and Dadaab host community strata. Targeted modules were also administered to a \u2018representative respondent\u2019, a randomly drawn adult from the household, covering employment, migration, savings and mental health.\n\nThe dataset contains four files. hhm.dta contains data at the level of the individual for all household members. Each household member is uniquely identified by \u2018hhid\u2019 and \u2018hhmemid\u2019. hr.dta contains household level information. rr.dta contains data at the representative respondent level. wer.dta contains data for the women empowerment module. The \u2018hhid\u2019 variable uniquely identifies all households.\n\nThis survey was conducted between May 2022 to June 2023. It comprises a sample of 9,304 households in total, of which 5,840 are refugees and 3,464 are hosts.\n\nFurther information on the Kenya Analytical Program on Forced Displacement can be found on the following dashboard: https://www.worldbank.org/en/data/interactive/2024/06/18/dashboard-kenya\r\n\r\nGeographic coverage\r\n---------------------------\r\n\r\nGarissa, Turkana, Nairobi, Nakuru and Mombasa counties, Kenya\r\n\r\nAnalysis unit\r\n---------------------------\r\n\r\nHousehold, individual.\r\n\r\nKind of data\r\n---------------------------\r\n\r\nSample survey data [ssd]\r\n\r\nSampling procedure\r\n---------------------------\r\n\r\nThe survey has two primary samples contained in the \u2018status\u2019 variable: the refugee sample and the host community sample. Refugees were sampled from two frames, the UNHCR registration database proGres and the Socioeconomic Surveys (SES) conducted in Kakuma, Kalobeyei and Nairobi. ProGres holds information on all refugee and asylum seekers families in Kenya registered with UNHCR including their phone numbers and the approximate location, data on nationality. The second frame consists of the samples of the Kalobeyei SES (2018), Kakuma Refugee Camp SES (2019) and Urban SES in Nairobi (2020-21). It holds rich socioeconomic baseline data and is a subset of the first. In the first stage, a subsample of proGres families is drawn from the entire proGres frame using implicit stratification by sub-county and nationality. Notably, proGres families are not always the same as households defined in standard surveys. For K-LSRH, a household is defined as a \u201cperson or group of people living in the same compound (fenced or unfenced); answerable to the same head and sharing a common source of food/share cooking arrangement.\u201d Meanwhile, proGres families refer to the group of people in which refugees are registered to UNHCR. A household can comprise of multiple proGres families and the selection probability has been adjusted accordingly. \n\nIn the second stage, an independent subsample was drawn from the SES frame for each of the strata with the existing SES. Households who had arrived in Kenya before the SES and who had not left the country, represented an overlap group which has a positive probability of being selected into the sample through both the SES frame and through proGres directly. For this subset of households, weights were adjusted using an overlapping frames correction.\n\nHosts were sampled using a two-step cluster design. The sampling frame of host households consists of communities living in close proximity to refugees who are potentially impacted by their presence. The host community of camp refugees in Turkana and Dadaab are defined as those living within a 15 km radius of the camp borders, while host communities of urban refugees are defined as neighborhoods hosting at least 10 percent of proGres families living in each city of the stratum including; Kayole, Eastleigh North, and Kasarani in Nairobi, Old Town and Majengo in Mombasa, and Lanet, Shabaab, and Langalanga in Nakuru. Sampling follows a two-step clustered design, whereby a set of Enumeration Areas (EAs) and replacement EAs is drawn with probability proportional to size (PPS) from the universe of eligible EAs. Subsequently, a listing exercise was carried out to eliminate ineligible households including households not living within the boundary of selected EAs and households not providing consent to the listing interview. Households where one member was registered with UNHCR as a refugee or asylum seeker were also not interviewed, to rule out overlap with the refugee sampling frame. In the second stage, for each selected EA, 10 households and a list of 5 replacements for the case of non-response was drawn using simple random sampling. This resulted in a sample of 2,000 households for the host community of camp refugees and of 1,500 households for the host community of urban refugees.\n\nA representative respondent (RR) was randomly selected from among the household members aged 18 and above and administered a set of in-depth modules on employment and individual-level characteristics. In addition, the survey included a module on women\u2019s empowerment, administered by trained female enumerators to randomly selected female respondents aged 15 and above. If the RR was a woman, the same respondent also completed the woman empowerment module; otherwise, a woman aged 15 years and above was selected among the women in the household based on simple random sampling. Finally, a module on child education and aspirations was administered to a cohort of upper primary school children and their main caregivers. One Child Respondent (CR) was randomly selected among 5th-grade students currently attending school of any age up to and including 17 years (to also capture over-age students) in selected households. The child\u2019s main caregiver (CG) was also interviewed to capture parental aspirations and main barriers to education. The Caregiver refers to the household member responsible for making the educational decisions for the child. Unlike other modules, the Education Module was only implemented in the Kakuma, Kalobeyei, and Dadaab refugee strata and the Turkana and Dadaab host community strata.\r\n\r\nMode of data collection\r\n---------------------------\r\n\r\nComputer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]\r\n\r\nResearch instrument\r\n---------------------------\r\n\r\nTargeted modules on women empowerment and child education were administered to women aged 15 and above and 5th grade children, respectively. A part of the education module was also answered to the child\u2019s caregiver (adult 18 years and above). Unlike other modules, the education module was only implemented in the Kakuma, Kalobeyei, and Dadaab refugee strata and the Turkana and Dadaab host community strata. Targeted modules were also administered to a \u2018representative respondent\u2019, a randomly drawn adult from the household, covering employment, migration, savings and mental health.\n\nThe Questionnaire is provided as external resources in pdf format. Questionnaires were produced through the Ipsos developed iField software.", "url": "https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/6409", "sameAs": "https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/study/KEN_2022_K-LSRH_v01_M", "identifier": "KEN_2022_K-LSRH_v01_M", "includedInDataCatalog": { "@type": "DataCatalog", "name": "https://microdata.worldbank.org/" }, "temporalCoverage": "2022-2023", "dateCreated": "2024-11-18T14:36:43-05:00", "dateModified": "2024-11-18T14:45:46-05:00", "spatialCoverage": { "@type": "Place", "name": "Kenya" }, "creator": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Precious Zikhali" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Nistha Sinha" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Utz Pape" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Theresa Beltramo" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Edward Miguel" } ] }</script> </head> <body>  <style> .site-header .navbar-light .no-logo .navbar-brand--sitename {border:0px!important;margin-left:0px} .site-header .navbar-light 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img-thumbnail" alt="central" title="Central Data Catalog"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col"> <div> <h1 class="mt-0 mb-1" id="dataset-title"> <span>Longitudinal Socioeconomic Study of Refugees and Host Communities 2022-2023</span> <div class="study-subtitle">Wave 1</div> </h1> <div class="clearfix"> <h6 class="sub-title float-left" id="dataset-sub-title"><span id="dataset-country">Kenya</span>, <span id="dataset-year">2022 - 2023</span></h6> <a href="https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/6409/get-microdata" class="get-microdata-btn badge badge-primary wb-text-link-uppercase float-left ml-3" title="Get Microdata"> <span class="fa fa-download"></span> Get Microdata </a> </div> </div> <div class="row study-info-content"> <div class="col pr-5"> <div class="row mt-4 mb-2 pb-2 border-bottom"> <div class="col-md-2"> Reference ID </div> <div class="col"> <div class="study-idno"> KEN_2022_K-LSRH_v01_M </div> </div> </div> <div class="row mb-2 pb-2 border-bottom"> <div class="col-md-2"> DOI </div> <div class="col"> <div class="study-doi"> <a target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.48529/x4g6-9k44">https://doi.org/10.48529/x4g6-9k44</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row mb-2 pb-2 border-bottom"> <div class="col-md-2"> Producer(s) </div> <div class="col"> <div class="producers"> Precious Zikhali, Nistha Sinha, Utz Pape, Theresa Beltramo, Edward Miguel </div> </div> </div> <div class="row border-bottom mb-2 pb-2 mt-2"> <div class="col-md-2"> Metadata </div> <div class="col"> <div class="metadata">  <span class="mr-2 link-col"> <a class="download" href="https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/6409/pdf-documentation" title="Documentation in PDF" > <span class="badge badge-success"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" aria-hidden="true"> </i> Documentation in PDF</span> </a> <a class="download" href="https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/metadata/export/6409/ddi" title="DDI Codebook (2.5)"> <span class="badge badge-primary"> DDI/XML</span> </a> <a 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href="https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/6409/get-microdata" class="nav-link wb-nav-link wb-text-link-uppercase " role="tab" data-id="related-materials" > <span class="get-microdata icon-da-public"></span> Get Microdata </a> </li>  </ul>  </div> </div> <div class="container study-metadata-body-content " >  <div id="tabs" class="study-metadata ui-tabs ui-widget ui-widget-content ui-corner-all study-tabs" > <div id="tabs-1" aria-labelledby="ui-id-1" class="ui-tabs-panel ui-widget-content ui-corner-bottom" role="tabpanel" > <div class="tab-body-no-sidebar-x"><div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="navbar-collapse sticky-top metadata-sidebar-container"> <div class="nav flex-column"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#study_desc.title_statement">Identification</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#study_description.version">Version</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#study_desc1674579453273">Scope</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#study_desc1684331110642">Coverage</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#study_desc1684331430702">Producers and sponsors</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#study_desc1674579234511">Sampling</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#study_desc1684332949622">Survey instrument</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#study_desc1684332928200">Data collection</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#study_desc1684334943415">Depositor information</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#study_desc1684335103457">Data Access</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#study_desc1684335112393">Disclaimer and copyrights</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#doc_desc.title_statement">Metadata production</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#citations_section">Citation</a> </li> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9"> <div><div class="field-section-container pb-3"><h2 class="field-section" id="study_desc.title_statement">Identification</h2><div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.title_statement.idno"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Survey ID number</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>KEN_2022_K-LSRH_v01_M</p></span> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.title_statement.title"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Title</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>Longitudinal Socioeconomic Study of Refugees and Host Communities 2022-2023</p></span> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.title_statement.sub_title"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Subtitle</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>Wave 1</p></span> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.title_statement.alternate_title"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Abbreviation or Acronym</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>K-LSRH 2022-2023</p></span> </div> </div> <div class="table-responsive field field-study_desc_study_info_nation"> <div class="field-title">Country/Economy</div> <div class=""> <table class="table table-sm table-bordered table-striped table-condensed xsl-table table-grid "> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Country code</th> </tr> <tr> <td> Kenya </td> <td> KEN </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.series_statement.series_name"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Study type</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>1-2-3 Survey, phase 1 [hh/123-1]</p></span> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.series_statement.series_info"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Series Information</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>This cross-sectional survey was conducted with refugee and host community households in Dadaab, Kakuma, Kalobeyei, Nairobi, Nakuru and Mombasa and was conducted between 12 May 2022 to 13 June 2023.</p></span> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.study_info.abstract"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Abstract</div> <div class="field-value"> <span>The World Bank in collaboration with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) and the University of California-Berkeley conducted a cross-sectional survey on refugee and host populations living in camp (Dadaab, Kakuma and Kalobeyei) and urban (Nairobi, Nakuru and Mombasa) locations. This dataset contains information from wave 1 which is part of a panel survey that targets refugees and their hosts communities. Enumerators were trained in a participatory approach where they learned how to collect data specific for refugees as well as nationals. Data quality monitoring was conducted daily during data collection to provide feedback to the field team and correct any arising errors. Data was collected with computer Aided Personal Interviews (CAPI) technique through the Ipsos iField software.<br /> <br /> The sample is representative of camp based (Dadaab, Kakuma and Kalobeyei) refugees and their host communities in Turkana and Garissa; and urban based (Nairobi, Mombasa and Nakuru) refugees and their host communities. Refugees were sampled from two frames, the UNHCR registration database proGress and the Socioeconomic Surveys (SES Kakuma, Kalobeyei and Nairobi) in two stages. An overlapping frames correction was used to account for observations with a positive probability of being selected from either frame. Hosts were sampled using a two-step cluster design, whereby a set of Enumeration Areas (EAs) and replacement EAs was drawn with probability proportional to size (PPS) from the universe of eligible EAs. Subsequently, a listing exercise was carried out to eliminate ineligible households including households where one member was registered with UNHCR as a refugee or asylum seeker. In the second stage, 10 households and a list of 5 replacements for the case of non-response was drawn for each selected EA using simple random sampling. <br /> <br /> Targeted modules on women empowerment and child education were administered to women aged 15 and above and 5th grade children, respectively. A part of the education module was also answered to the child’s caregiver (adult 18 years and above). Unlike other modules, the education module was only implemented in the Kakuma, Kalobeyei, and Dadaab refugee strata and the Turkana and Dadaab host community strata. Targeted modules were also administered to a ‘representative respondent’, a randomly drawn adult from the household, covering employment, migration, savings and mental health.<br /> <br /> The dataset contains four files. hhm.dta contains data at the level of the individual for all household members. Each household member is uniquely identified by ‘hhid’ and ‘hhmemid’. hr.dta contains household level information. rr.dta contains data at the representative respondent level. wer.dta contains data for the women empowerment module. The ‘hhid’ variable uniquely identifies all households.<br /> <br /> This survey was conducted between May 2022 to June 2023. It comprises a sample of 9,304 households in total, of which 5,840 are refugees and 3,464 are hosts.<br /> <br /> Further information on the Kenya Analytical Program on Forced Displacement can be found on the following dashboard: https://www.worldbank.org/en/data/interactive/2024/06/18/dashboard-kenya</span> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.study_info.data_kind"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Kind of Data</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>Sample survey data [ssd]</p></span> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.study_info.analysis_unit"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Unit of Analysis</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>Household, individual.</p></span> </div> </div> </div><div class="field-section-container pb-3"><h2 class="field-section" id="study_description.version">Version</h2><div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.version_statement.version"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Version Description</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>v01 - Edited, anonymized dataset for public distribution.</p></span> </div> </div> </div><div class="field-section-container pb-3"><h2 class="field-section" id="study_desc1674579453273">Scope</h2><div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.study_info.notes"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Notes</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>This survey covers four major modules named after their respondents: the ‘Household respondent (HR)’, ‘Representative respondent (RR)’, ‘Women empowerment respondent (WER)’ and ‘Child respondent (CR)’. The HR module covers the following topics: demographics, dwelling characteristics, consumption and expenditures, and household members’ labor. The RR module includes a more in-depth module on labor in addition to modules on food insecurity and assistance, transfers and remittances, household shocks, savings and credit, migration, social cohesion and social capital, health and wellbeing, marriage, fertility, ethnicity and religion and weather variability. The WER module covers women empowerment for female respondents aged 15 and above. Finally, CR module covers the education and aspirations of 5th grade children and their caregivers. </p> <p>The CR module is available upon request only, as are the submodules on child labor (A8.3), HR agriculture (A8.1-E2) and RR agriculture (B3E1).</p></span> </div> </div> </div><div class="field-section-container pb-3"><h2 class="field-section" id="study_desc1684331110642">Coverage</h2><div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.study_info.geog_coverage"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Geographic Coverage</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>Garissa, Turkana, Nairobi, Nakuru and Mombasa counties, Kenya</p></span> </div> </div> </div><div class="field-section-container pb-3"><h2 class="field-section" id="study_desc1684331430702">Producers and sponsors</h2><div class="table-responsive field field-study_desc_authoring_entity"> <div class="field-title">Primary investigators</div> <div class=""> <table class="table table-sm table-bordered table-striped table-condensed xsl-table table-grid "> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Affiliation</th> </tr> <tr> <td> Precious Zikhali </td> <td> World Bank </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Nistha Sinha </td> <td> World Bank </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Utz Pape </td> <td> World Bank </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Theresa Beltramo </td> <td> UNHCR </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Edward Miguel </td> <td> University of California- Berkeley </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="table-responsive field field-study_desc_production_statement_funding_agencies"> <div class="field-title">Funding Agency/Sponsor</div> <div class=""> <table class="table table-sm table-bordered table-striped table-condensed xsl-table table-grid "> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Role</th> </tr> <tr> <td> PROSPECTS </td> <td> Funding </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div><div class="field-section-container pb-3"><h2 class="field-section" id="study_desc1674579234511">Sampling</h2><div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.method.data_collection.sampling_procedure"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Sampling Procedure</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>The survey has two primary samples contained in the ‘status’ variable: the refugee sample and the host community sample. Refugees were sampled from two frames, the UNHCR registration database proGres and the Socioeconomic Surveys (SES) conducted in Kakuma, Kalobeyei and Nairobi. ProGres holds information on all refugee and asylum seekers families in Kenya registered with UNHCR including their phone numbers and the approximate location, data on nationality. The second frame consists of the samples of the Kalobeyei SES (2018), Kakuma Refugee Camp SES (2019) and Urban SES in Nairobi (2020-21). It holds rich socioeconomic baseline data and is a subset of the first. In the first stage, a subsample of proGres families is drawn from the entire proGres frame using implicit stratification by sub-county and nationality. Notably, proGres families are not always the same as households defined in standard surveys. For K-LSRH, a household is defined as a “person or group of people living in the same compound (fenced or unfenced); answerable to the same head and sharing a common source of food/share cooking arrangement.” Meanwhile, proGres families refer to the group of people in which refugees are registered to UNHCR. A household can comprise of multiple proGres families and the selection probability has been adjusted accordingly. </p> <p>In the second stage, an independent subsample was drawn from the SES frame for each of the strata with the existing SES. Households who had arrived in Kenya before the SES and who had not left the country, represented an overlap group which has a positive probability of being selected into the sample through both the SES frame and through proGres directly. For this subset of households, weights were adjusted using an overlapping frames correction.</p> <p>Hosts were sampled using a two-step cluster design. The sampling frame of host households consists of communities living in close proximity to refugees who are potentially impacted by their presence. The host community of camp refugees in Turkana and Dadaab are defined as those living within a 15 km radius of the camp borders, while host communities of urban refugees are defined as neighborhoods hosting at least 10 percent of proGres families living in each city of the stratum including; Kayole, Eastleigh North, and Kasarani in Nairobi, Old Town and Majengo in Mombasa, and Lanet, Shabaab, and Langalanga in Nakuru. Sampling follows a two-step clustered design, whereby a set of Enumeration Areas (EAs) and replacement EAs is drawn with probability proportional to size (PPS) from the universe of eligible EAs. Subsequently, a listing exercise was carried out to eliminate ineligible households including households not living within the boundary of selected EAs and households not providing consent to the listing interview. Households where one member was registered with UNHCR as a refugee or asylum seeker were also not interviewed, to rule out overlap with the refugee sampling frame. In the second stage, for each selected EA, 10 households and a list of 5 replacements for the case of non-response was drawn using simple random sampling. This resulted in a sample of 2,000 households for the host community of camp refugees and of 1,500 households for the host community of urban refugees.</p> <p>A representative respondent (RR) was randomly selected from among the household members aged 18 and above and administered a set of in-depth modules on employment and individual-level characteristics. In addition, the survey included a module on women’s empowerment, administered by trained female enumerators to randomly selected female respondents aged 15 and above. If the RR was a woman, the same respondent also completed the woman empowerment module; otherwise, a woman aged 15 years and above was selected among the women in the household based on simple random sampling. Finally, a module on child education and aspirations was administered to a cohort of upper primary school children and their main caregivers. One Child Respondent (CR) was randomly selected among 5th-grade students currently attending school of any age up to and including 17 years (to also capture over-age students) in selected households. The child’s main caregiver (CG) was also interviewed to capture parental aspirations and main barriers to education. The Caregiver refers to the household member responsible for making the educational decisions for the child. Unlike other modules, the Education Module was only implemented in the Kakuma, Kalobeyei, and Dadaab refugee strata and the Turkana and Dadaab host community strata.</p></span> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.method.data_collection.weight"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Weighting</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>Weights are calculated separately for refugees drawn from the proGres frame and the SES frame. Refugees drawn from proGres were selected using simple random sampling (SRS) and their base weights equal the inverse of the selection probability. Weights are then adjusted to account for the possibility of multiple proGres families forming one surveyed household and for the possibility of nonresponse. Finally, weights are post-stratified to population totals. </p> <p>For refugees drawn from the SES frame, the socioeconomic surveys serve as a baseline survey, and weights can be calculated following the approach for panel survey weights:</p> <ol> <li>Begin with the base weights (i.e., those from the baseline survey).</li> <li>Multiply base weights with the inverse of the probability of sub-selection from the SES frame into the K-LSRH sample.</li> <li>Adjust weights for nonresponse/attrition. </li> <li>Post-stratify to known population totals.</li> </ol> <p>Finally, after obtaining nonresponse adjusted weights for both subsamples, weights are adjusted for the possibility of some households having been drawn from both frames. This is achieved using a single frame estimator method.<br /> Final household weight variable: weight. </p> <p>For hosts, the weight incorporates two selection probabilities: The probability of the enumeration area being selected for listing and the probability of the household being subsequently selected for interview. The host weight equals the inverse of the multiple of both selection probabilities, adjusted for nonresponse and post-stratified to population totals obtained from the 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census.<br /> Final household weight variable: weight. </p> <p>The nonresponse adjustment step in all three cases follows the same procedure: </p> <ol> <li>A linear logistic model is estimated on a set of observable characteristics, including demographics and location, to obtain a predicted response probability or propensity score (PS) for each household.</li> <li>Households are ranked by PS and split into 10 equal groups. </li> <li>The attrition adjustment factor (ac) is calculated as the reciprocal of the mean empirical response rate for the propensity score decile.</li> <li>The base weights (w_1) are adjusted by multiplying with the ac-factor: w_2=w_1*ac</li> </ol> <p>The representative respondent (RR) is randomly drawn from the list of adult household members. If the household had both male and female members aged 18+, the gender of the RR was first selected at random. If all adults have the same gender, that gender is selected automatically. The RR is then drawn from the list of members of the selected gender using simple random sampling. RR weights are calculated in four steps:</p> <ol> <li>Calculate the probability of the gender being selected: P1. This is either 1 if the household has only male/female adult members, or ½ if the household has adult members of both genders. </li> <li>Calculate the probability of a member being selected: P2. This equals 1/(number of eligible members of the selected gender).</li> <li>Calculate the final probability of the RR being selected: P_rr= P1*P2.</li> <li>Scale household weights by 1/ P_rr.<br /> Variable: weight_rr.</li> </ol> <p>For the Education Module, one child respondent (CR) is randomly drawn among the 6th-grade children in selected households using a simple random sampling. The probability of a CR being selected from an interviewed household (p_cr) is therefore equal to the inverse of the number of 5th-grade students in the household, and CR weights are calculated by scaling the household weight by the inverse of p_cr.<br /> Variable: weight_cr.</p> <p>If the RR is a woman, she is automatically selected as the Women Empowerment respondent (WER) and assigned the RR weight. If the RR is a man, the WER was selected at random among the women/girls aged 15 and above and the WER weight is scaled by the selection probability.<br /> Variable: weight_wer.</p></span> </div> </div> </div><div class="field-section-container pb-3"><h2 class="field-section" id="study_desc1684332949622">Survey instrument</h2><div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.method.data_collection.research_instrument"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Questionnaires</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>Targeted modules on women empowerment and child education were administered to women aged 15 and above and 5th grade children, respectively. A part of the education module was also answered to the child’s caregiver (adult 18 years and above). Unlike other modules, the education module was only implemented in the Kakuma, Kalobeyei, and Dadaab refugee strata and the Turkana and Dadaab host community strata. Targeted modules were also administered to a ‘representative respondent’, a randomly drawn adult from the household, covering employment, migration, savings and mental health.</p> <p>The Questionnaire is provided as external resources in pdf format. Questionnaires were produced through the Ipsos developed iField software.</p></span> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.method.method_notes"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Methodology notes</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>When variable names consist of a letter and a number, the letter indicates the questionnaire section and the number the order in which the question was administered. An explanation of the variable contents is contained in the variable labels.</p> <p>Extended missing values are used to indicate why a value is missing for all variables. The following extended missing values are used in the dataset:<br /> • .a for ‘Don’t know’<br /> • .b for ‘Refused to respond’<br /> • .c for ‘Outliers set to missing’<br /> • .d for ‘Variables dropped during anonymization due to PII’<br /> • .e for ‘Field Skipped’ (where an error in the survey tool caused the question to be missed)<br /> • .z for ‘Not applicable’ (as the variable was not relevant to the observation)</p></span> </div> </div> </div><div class="field-section-container pb-3"><h2 class="field-section" id="study_desc1684332928200">Data collection</h2><div class="table-responsive field field-study_desc_study_info_coll_dates"> <div class="field-title">Dates of Data Collection</div> <div class=""> <table class="table table-sm table-bordered table-striped table-condensed xsl-table table-grid "> <tr> <th>Start</th> <th>End</th> <th>Cycle</th> </tr> <tr> <td> 2022-05-13 </td> <td> 2023-06-12 </td> <td> Wave 1 </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="field field-study_desc.method.data_collection.coll_mode"> <div class="field-title">Mode of data collection</div> <div class="field-value"> <ul> <li>Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.method.data_collection.coll_situation"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Data Collection Notes</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>PRE-LOADED INFORMATION: Basic household information from the host community household listing (hosts), UNHCR’s proGres database and SES database (refugees) was pre-loaded in iField for each enumerator. The information, for example the household's location, household head name, phone numbers etc, was used to help enumerators identify the target households. </p> <p>RESPONDENTS: The survey had four modules responded by various respondents per households. The Household module was responded by Household Respondent (HR) who was any knowledgeable adult (18 years or older) who was willing to provide information about the household. The Representative Respondent module was responded to by a Representative respondent (RR) who was a randomly selected adult (18 years or older). The RR could be the same person as the HR or was randomly selected from the household roster if the HR was not available. The women empowerment module was responded by a Women empowerment respondent (WER) who could be the same person as the RR if RR was a woman, otherwise, a girl/woman aged 15 years and above was randomly selected as WER. The education module was responded by two respondents namely Child respondent (CR) and caregiver (CG). The CR was a randomly selected child among 5th-grade students currently attending school of any age up to and including 17 years (to also capture over-age students). The child’s main caregiver who is the household member responsible for making educational decisions for the CR was also interviewed.</p></span> </div> </div> </div><div class="field-section-container pb-3"><h2 class="field-section" id="study_desc1684334943415">Depositor information</h2><div class="table-responsive field field-study_desc_distribution_statement_depositor"> <div class="field-title">Depositor</div> <div class=""> <table class="table table-sm table-bordered table-striped table-condensed xsl-table table-grid "> <tr> <th>Name</th> </tr> <tr> <td> World Bank </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div><div class="field-section-container pb-3"><h2 class="field-section" id="study_desc1684335103457">Data Access</h2><div class="table-responsive field field-study_desc_data_access_dataset_use_conf_dec"> <div class="field-title">Confidentiality</div> <div class=""> <table class="table table-sm table-bordered table-striped table-condensed xsl-table table-grid "> <tr> <th>Confidentiality declaration text</th> </tr> <tr> <td> Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree: 1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the data depositor. 2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified on public use data files. 3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately brought to the attention of the data depositor. </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.data_access.dataset_use.cit_req"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Citation requirements</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include: </p> <ul> <li>the Identification of the Primary Investigator</li> <li>the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)</li> <li>the survey reference number</li> <li>the source and date of download</li> </ul> <p>Example:<br /> Precious Zikhali (World Bank), Nistha Sinha (World Bank), Utz Pape (World Bank), Theresa Beltramo (UNHCR), Edward Miguel (University of California- Berkeley). Kenya - Longitudinal Socioeconomic Study of Refugees and Host Communities 2022-2023, Wave 1 (K-LSRH 2022-2023). Ref: KEN_2022_K-LSRH_v01_M. Downloaded from [uri] on [date].</p></span> </div> </div> </div><div class="field-section-container pb-3"><h2 class="field-section" id="study_desc1684335112393">Disclaimer and copyrights</h2><div class="mb-2 field field-study_desc.data_access.dataset_use.disclaimer"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Disclaimer</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.</p></span> </div> </div> </div></div><div><div class="field-section-container pb-3"><h2 class="field-section" id="doc_desc.title_statement">Metadata production</h2><div class="mb-2 field field-doc_desc.idno"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">DDI Document ID</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>DDI_KEN_2022_K-LSRH_v01_M_WB</p></span> </div> </div> <div class="table-responsive field field-doc_desc_producers"> <div class="field-title">Producers</div> <div class=""> <table class="table table-sm table-bordered table-striped table-condensed xsl-table table-grid "> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Abbreviation</th> <th>Affiliation</th> <th>Role</th> </tr> <tr> <td> Development Data Group </td> <td> DECDG </td> <td> World Bank </td> <td> Documentation of the study </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 field field-doc_desc.prod_date"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Date of Metadata Production</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>2024-11-18</p></span> </div> </div> <div class="field-section-container pb-3"><h2 class="field-section" id="doc_description1684333414594">Metadata version</h2><div class="mb-2 field field-doc_desc.version_statement.version"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">DDI Document version</div> <div class="field-value"> <span><p>Version 01 (2024-11-18)</p></span> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="field-section-container pb-3"><h2 class="field-section" id="citations_section">Citation</h2> <div class="mb-2 field field-widgets.doi.citations"> <div class="font-weight-bold field-title">Citation</div> <div class="doi-citation" ><a target="_blank" href="https://citation.crosscite.org/?doi=https://doi.org/10.48529/x4g6-9k44"><i class="fas fa-spinner fa-spin"></i> loading, please wait...</a></div> <div class="pt-2" style="font-size:small;display:none"> <span class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#citation_options" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="citation_options">Citation format <i class="fas fa-cog"></i></span> </div> <div class="collapse clearfix bg-light p-3" id="citation_options"> <form action="https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/6409" class="form-inline pt-2" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8"> <input type="hidden" name="ncsrf" value="4c487862c8ddb67b2786c753708f27f2" /> <div class="form-group"> <label for="doi_format" class="mr-2">Format</label> <select class="form-control form-control-sm" id="doi_format"> <option value="apa" selected="selected">APA</option> <option value="university-of-york-mla">MLA</option> <option value="harvard-cite-them-right">Harvard</option> <option value="chicago-fullnote-bibliography-16th-edition">Chicago</option> </select> </div> </form> </div> <div class="mt-3 text-secondary" style="font-size:small;"> Export citation: <a onclick="citation_export('ris')" href="#ris">RIS</a> | <a onclick="citation_export('bib')" href="#bib">BibTeX</a> | <a onclick="citation_export('txt')" href="#txt">Plain text</a> <div id="export-citation-status"></div> </div> </div> <script> function get_citation_by_doi() { var doi='https://doi.org/10.48529/x4g6-9k44'; 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Kenya - Longitudinal Socioeconomic Study of Refugees and Host Communities 2022-2023