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Côte d'Ivoire: "La justice bafouée" | Human Rights Watch
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id="block-views-news-block_1" class="clear-block block block-views"> <h6 class="block-title clear-block">DERNIÈRES INFOS </h6> <div class="bcontent"><div class="view view-news view-id-news view-display-id-block_1 view-block-latest-news view-dom-id-5"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130426010234/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/04/22/birmanie-il-faut-mettre-fin-au-nettoyage-ethnique-dont-sont-victimes-les-musulmans-r">Birmanie : Il faut mettre fin au « nettoyage ethnique » dont sont victimes les musulmans rohingyas</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">L’impunité pour des crimes contre l'humanité et la crise humanitaire persistent dans l'État d'Arakan</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">22 avril 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130426010234/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/04/22/au-mali-une-justice-toujours-absente">Au Mali, «une justice toujours absente»</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content"></span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">22 avril 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Point de vue</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130426010234/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/04/22/cote-divoire-la-justice-bafouee" class="active">Côte d'Ivoire: "La justice bafouée"</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content"></span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">22 avril 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Point de vue</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130426010234/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/04/19/que-construisent-les-brics">Que construisent les Brics?</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">La coalition formée par le Brésil, la Russie, l’Inde et la Chine et l'Afrique du Sud suscite des interrogations.</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">19 avril 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Point de vue</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130426010234/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/04/18/mali-il-faut-mettre-un-terme-au-travail-des-enfants-dans-l-orpaillage">Mali : Il faut mettre un terme au travail des enfants dans l’orpaillage</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Human Rights Watch répond aux dénégations du gouvernement</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">18 avril 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-6 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130426010234/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/04/17/venezuela-les-libertes-dexpression-et-de-rassemblement-doivent-etre-respectees">Venezuela: Les libertés d'expression et de rassemblement doivent être respectées</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Il faut autoriser les manifestations pacifiques et enquêter sur les actes de violence</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">17 avril 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-7 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130426010234/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/04/17/onusahara-occidental-le-mandat-des-casques-bleus-devrait-inclure-l-observation-des-d">ONU/Sahara occidental: Le mandat des Casques bleus devrait inclure l’observation des droits humains</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Le Conseil de sécurité devrait autoriser la MINURSO à surveiller les violations de ces droits</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">17 avril 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-8 views-row-even views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130426010234/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/04/16/somalie-les-nouvelles-attaques-commises-par-al-chabab-constituent-des-crimes-de-guer">Somalie : Les nouvelles attaques commises par Al-Chabab constituent des crimes de guerre</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Rien ne peut justifier les attentats visant un tribunal et un convoi d’aide humanitaire</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">16 avril 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="more-link"> <a href="/web/20130426010234/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/list/all">Suite »</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div 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bafouée"</a> </h6> </div> <div class="info"> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">22 avril 2013</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="fieldgroup group-news-additional"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-news-related-report"> <div class="field-label">Our Report: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-press-release-report view-id-press_release_report view-display-id-reference_field_1 view-block-about-this-report view-dom-id-2"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-field-reportsynopsis-cover-fid"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130426010234/http://www.hrw.org/fr/reports/2013/04/03/transformer-les-discours-en-realite-0" class="imagecache imagecache-scale-crop-75w-100h imagecache-linked imagecache-scale-crop-75w-100h_linked"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130426010234im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-crop-75w-100h/media/images/report-covers/CDI0413fr_reportcover_0.jpg" class="imagecache imagecache-scale-crop-75w-100h"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130426010234/http://www.hrw.org/fr/reports/2013/04/03/transformer-les-discours-en-realite-0">Transformer les discours en réalité</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-reportsynopsis-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">L’heure de réclamer des comptes pour les crimes internationaux graves perpétrés en Côte d’Ivoire</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">3 avril 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-report-synopsis-pdf-fid"> <label class="views-label-field-report-synopsis-pdf-fid"> Get the report: </label> <div class="field-content"><div class="filefield-file"><img class="filefield-icon field-icon-application-pdf" alt="icône application/pdf" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130426010234im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/filefield/icons/application-pdf.png"/><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130426010234/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/CDI0413fr_ForUpload.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=576504" title="CDI0413fr_ForUpload.pdf">Télécharger le rapport complet</a></div></div> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130426010234/http://www.hrw.org/fr/reports/2013/04/03/transformer-les-discours-en-realite-0">Go to report home »</a></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-content"> <div class="field-label">Related Materials: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-reference-views-formatter view-id-reference_views_formatter view-display-id-reference_field_1 news-related-materials view-dom-id-3"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130426010234/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/04/03/cote-d-ivoire-des-promesses-de-justice-impartiale-non-tenues">Côte d’Ivoire : Des promesses de justice impartiale non tenues</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">3 avril 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p>Près de deux ans ont passé depuis la fin de la violente crise postélectorale en Côte d'Ivoire, qui a duré cinq mois et s'est soldée au minimum par la mort de 3000 civils et le viol de 150 femmes.</p> <p>Aucun des deux camps ne peut être tenu pour seul responsable: les forces fidèles à l'ancien président Laurent Gbagbo comme celles fidèles à l'actuel président Alassane Ouattara sont impliquées dans ces atrocités. Cependant, jusqu'à présent, seules les victimes d'exactions commises par le camp perdant -les forces pro-Gbagbo- ont l'espoir d'obtenir justice.</p> <p>Au début, les actes pour garantir la justice ont été rapidement posés: les forces pro-Ouattara ont arrêté Laurent Gbagbo le 11 avril 2011 et à la fin du mois de novembre, l'ancien président a été transféré à La Haye. Il y est toujours en détention, le temps pour les juges de la Cour pénale internationale de décider s'il peut être jugé pour crimes contre l'humanité.</p> <p>Depuis son investiture en mai 2011, le président Ouattara s'est engagé à plusieurs reprises à ce que toute personne responsable d'atrocités soit traduite en justice, y compris les membres des Forces républicaines, l'armée qu'il a créée par décret en mars 2011. Pour ce faire, le président a mis en place, entre autres, une unité spéciale pour mener des enquêtes et poursuivre les personnes impliquées dans les crimes postélectoraux. Cette unité a permis la mise en examen de plus de 150 personnes, mais aucune de ces personnes n'appartient au camp pro-Ouattara et aucune n'a été jugée à ce jour.</p> <p>L'ouverture de procès le 11 avril contre des soldats accusés d'être impliqués dans des crimes plus récents à l'encontre de civils est un pas dans la bonne direction, mais à ce jour, aucun membre des Forces Républicaines n'a été arrêté pour des crimes commis au cours des six mois qui ont suivi les élections.</p> <p>Bien sûr, la justice pour les atrocités commises n'était pas le seul chantier urgent au lendemain de la crise. Face à la lourde tâche de reconstruire un pays dévasté par plus d'une décennie de violences politico-militaires, le président Ouattara a aidé à relancer l'économie et à rétablir les infrastructures ainsi que les institutions clés, comme les tribunaux et les prisons.</p> <p>Si l'on mesure la réussite à ces seuls critères, la Côte d'Ivoire pourrait se rapprocher du statut de première puissance économique de l'Afrique occidentale francophone dont elle jouissait à la fin des années 1980. De ce point de vue, traduire en justice ceux qui ont contribué à consolider l'emprise de Ouattara sur le pouvoir pendant la crise peut sembler inopportun.</p> <p>Mais c'est sans compter les risques associés au fait de fermer les yeux sur les atrocités perpétrées par l'une des parties au conflit. Les représailles par certains membres des Forces républicaines à la vague d'attaques contre des installations militaires ivoiriennes en août et en septembre 2012, dont beaucoup ont probablement été menées par des militants pro-Gbagbo, l'illustrent très bien. Suite à ces attaques, nous avons documenté des violations des droits humains généralisées à l'encontre de jeunes hommes issus de groupes ethniques considérés comme pro-Gbagbo, notamment des arrestations arbitraires massives, des détentions illégales, des actes d'extorsion, des traitements cruels et inhumains et, dans certains cas, des actes de torture.</p> <p>Plusieurs commandants impliqués dans ces abus avaient déjà été mis en cause dans des crimes graves pendant la crise postélectorale. Ces nouveaux abus ont, à leur tour, exacerbé les tensions communautaires dans le pays qui sont justement à la base des problèmes de sécurité dans le pays.</p> <p>Quasiment tous les militants de la société civile que j'ai interrogés l'an dernier ont souligné que le manque de justice suite au conflit de 2002-2003, au cours duquel les forces de sécurité pro-Gbagbo et le groupe rebelle Forces Nouvelles ont commis des crimes internationaux graves, a jeté les bases de la crise postélectorale de 2010-2011. Comme l'a dit un militant de la société civile: "L'impunité d'aujourd'hui conduit aux crimes de demain".</p> <p>Le gouvernement a promis que justice serait faite pour les deux camps, mais il est clair que les promesses ne suffisent pas. L'unité d'investigation mise en place doit enquêter plus activement sur le camp Ouattara. Quant au système de justice pénale, y compris le code de procédure pénale, il a besoin d'un sérieux remaniement afin que ceux qui languissent en prison soient traduits en justice pour répondre des accusations dont ils sont l'objet. S'il est vrai qu'il faut du temps pour rendre justice, ces institutions continueront à tourner en rond sans un plus fort engagement du gouvernement, à la fois financier, technique et politique.</p> <p>Les donateurs doivent aussi faire davantage. Les principaux donateurs, dont la France et l'Union européenne, ont investi beaucoup d'argent pour rétablir l'État de droit en Côte d'Ivoire. Mais seule une petite portion de cet effort financier est consacrée au renforcement des capacités judiciaires ou faire pression pour que les poursuites, les procès et les moyens de la défense pour ces crimes internationaux graves progressent. Le manque de progrès à lui seul met en évidence la nécessité d'un soutien accru.</p> <p>Et n'oublions pas le rôle de la Cour pénale internationale. Le fait que la Cour n'ait à ce jour poursuivi que Laurent et Simone Gbagbo a légitimé l'approche partisane de la justice en Côte d'Ivoire, ravivant les tensions au lieu de les atténuer. Si les éléments de preuve le permettent, des mandats d'arrêt à l'encontre de membres des forces pro-Ouattara contribueraient à accroître la pression sur les autorités ivoiriennes afin de poursuivre en justice d'autres responsables des atrocités postélectorales perpétrées par les deux camps en Côte d'Ivoire.</p> <p>L'histoire de la Côte d'Ivoire, marquée par des épisodes de violences, montre que le passé est difficile à oublier. Si la justice n'avance pas, la fragile reconstruction de la Côte d'Ivoire pourrait bien s'effondrer au prochain orage, à l'instar d'une maison construite sur du sable. L'histoire ne se répète pas, mais elle bégaie souvent.</p> <p><em>Par Param-Preet Singh, juriste senior au programme Justice internationale de Human Rights Watch.</em></p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_en first last"><a href="/web/20130426010234/http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/04/22/building-house-sand-pile-cost-ignoring-justice-cote-d-ivoire" title="Building a House on a Sand Pile: The Cost of Ignoring Justice in Côte d’Ivoire" class="translation-link">English</a></li> </ul></div><div class="service-links"><div class="service-label">Share </div><ul class="links"><li class="service-links-facebook first"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130426010234/http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Ffr%2Fnews%2F2013%2F04%2F22%2Fcote-divoire-la-justice-bafouee&t=C%C3%B4te+d%26%23039%3BIvoire%3A+%26quot%3BLa+justice+bafou%C3%A9e%26quot%3B" title="Share on Facebook." 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