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<span>Process</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Process-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Process subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poitevin's_collotype" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poitevin's_collotype"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Poitevin's collotype</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poitevin's_collotype-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1860s_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1860s_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1860s developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1860s_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_collotype" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_collotype"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Later collotype</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_collotype-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Color_collotype_or_chromocollotype" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color_collotype_or_chromocollotype"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Color collotype or chromocollotype</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color_collotype_or_chromocollotype-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combination_processes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combination_processes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Combination processes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combination_processes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mezzograph_collotype" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mezzograph_collotype"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Mezzograph collotype</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mezzograph_collotype-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Halftone_collotype" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halftone_collotype"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Halftone collotype</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halftone_collotype-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historical use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Famous_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famous_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Famous works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famous_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Contemporary use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contemporary_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contemporary use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commercial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Commercial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-commercial_or_artistic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-commercial_or_artistic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Non-commercial or artistic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-commercial_or_artistic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gallery subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monochrome_collotypes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monochrome_collotypes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Monochrome collotypes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monochrome_collotypes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monochrome_collotypes_with_applied_color" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monochrome_collotypes_with_applied_color"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Monochrome collotypes with applied color</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monochrome_collotypes_with_applied_color-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multicolored_collotypes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multicolored_collotypes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Multicolored collotypes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multicolored_collotypes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotot%C3%ADpia" title="Fototípia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fototípia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C4%9Btlotisk" title="Světlotisk – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Světlotisk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichtdruck_(Druck)" title="Lichtdruck (Druck) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lichtdruck (Druck)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fototipia" title="Fototipia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fototipia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phototypie" title="Phototypie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Phototypie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%9C%EB%A1%9C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%ED%94%84" title="콜로타이프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콜로타이프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collotype" title="Collotype – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Collotype" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collotipia" title="Collotipia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Collotipia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фототипия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фототипия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fototipija" title="Fototipija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fototipija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%97" title="コロタイプ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コロタイプ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awiat%C5%82odruk" title="Światłodruk – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Światłodruk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fototipia" title="Fototipia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fototipia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Коллотипия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коллотипия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fototipia" title="Fototipia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fototipia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valopaino" title="Valopaino – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valopaino" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljustryck" title="Ljustryck – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ljustryck" 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href="/wiki/File:Bayerische_Landes-Industrie-,_Gewerbe-_und_Kunst-Ausstellung_N%C3%BCrnberg_1882,_Bildpostkarte,_Foto_Lichtdruck_Johann_Baptist_Obernetter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bayerische_Landes-Industrie-%2C_Gewerbe-_und_Kunst-Ausstellung_N%C3%BCrnberg_1882%2C_Bildpostkarte%2C_Foto_Lichtdruck_Johann_Baptist_Obernetter.jpg/220px-Bayerische_Landes-Industrie-%2C_Gewerbe-_und_Kunst-Ausstellung_N%C3%BCrnberg_1882%2C_Bildpostkarte%2C_Foto_Lichtdruck_Johann_Baptist_Obernetter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bayerische_Landes-Industrie-%2C_Gewerbe-_und_Kunst-Ausstellung_N%C3%BCrnberg_1882%2C_Bildpostkarte%2C_Foto_Lichtdruck_Johann_Baptist_Obernetter.jpg/330px-Bayerische_Landes-Industrie-%2C_Gewerbe-_und_Kunst-Ausstellung_N%C3%BCrnberg_1882%2C_Bildpostkarte%2C_Foto_Lichtdruck_Johann_Baptist_Obernetter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bayerische_Landes-Industrie-%2C_Gewerbe-_und_Kunst-Ausstellung_N%C3%BCrnberg_1882%2C_Bildpostkarte%2C_Foto_Lichtdruck_Johann_Baptist_Obernetter.jpg/440px-Bayerische_Landes-Industrie-%2C_Gewerbe-_und_Kunst-Ausstellung_N%C3%BCrnberg_1882%2C_Bildpostkarte%2C_Foto_Lichtdruck_Johann_Baptist_Obernetter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3402" data-file-height="2226" /></a><figcaption>Early collotype postcard; <small>1882 in <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Signature" title="Signature">signed</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Baptist_Obernetter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Baptist Obernetter (page does not exist)">J. B. Obernetter</a></small></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Am_Main-Alte_Oper_von_Suedosten-um_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Alte_Oper_von_Suedosten-um_1900.jpg/220px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Alte_Oper_von_Suedosten-um_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Alte_Oper_von_Suedosten-um_1900.jpg/330px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Alte_Oper_von_Suedosten-um_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Alte_Oper_von_Suedosten-um_1900.jpg/440px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Alte_Oper_von_Suedosten-um_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1302" /></a><figcaption>Postcard of the "Alte Oper" in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, about 1900.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Collotype</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Gelatin" title="Gelatin">gelatin</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Photographic_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Photographic process">photographic printing process</a> invented by <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Poitevin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphonse Poitevin">Alphonse Poitevin</a> in 1855 to print images in a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Tone_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tone (color)">tones</a> without the need for <a href="/wiki/Halftone" title="Halftone">halftone screens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of collotypes were produced between the 1870s and 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first form of photolithography.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invention">Invention</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Invention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacob_and_the_Angel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jacob_and_the_Angel.jpg/223px-Jacob_and_the_Angel.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jacob_and_the_Angel.jpg/335px-Jacob_and_the_Angel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jacob_and_the_Angel.jpg/446px-Jacob_and_the_Angel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Charles Albert Waltner after Gustave Moreau, <i>Jacob and the Angel</i>, after 1898, collotype on Japanese paper</figcaption></figure> <p>Collotype originates from the Greek word <i>kolla</i> for (flour paste) glue.<sup id="cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COLLOTYPE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poitevin patented collotype printing the same year it was invented in 1855. The process was shown in 1859 by F. Joubert. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Process">Process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poitevin's_collotype"><span id="Poitevin.27s_collotype"></span>Poitevin's collotype</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Poitevin's collotype"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Poitevin's process, a <a href="/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography">lithographic stone</a> was coated with a light-sensitive <a href="/wiki/Gelatin" title="Gelatin">gelatin</a> solution and exposed through a photographic negative.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gelatin would harden in exposed areas, leading to the stone becoming <a href="/wiki/Hydrophobe" title="Hydrophobe">hydrophobic</a> in light areas (and thus receptive to the greasy ink) and <a href="/wiki/Hydrophile" title="Hydrophile">hydrophilic</a> under dark areas (ink-repelling).<sup id="cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COLLOTYPE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stone was then printed via the standard lithographic process, producing a <a href="/wiki/Monochromatic_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Monochromatic image">monochrome</a> print. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1860s_developments">1860s developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1860s developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1865, Tessie du Motay and C. R. Marechal applied the gelatin to a <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> plate, which was easier to handle than a lithographic stone.<sup id="cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COLLOTYPE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the gelatin did not adhere well and limited print runs to about 100.<sup id="cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COLLOTYPE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 1868, Joseph Albert and <a href="/wiki/Jakub_Husn%C3%ADk" title="Jakub Husník">Jakub Husník</a> applied a gelatin-<a href="/wiki/Egg_white" title="Egg white">albumen</a> mixture to <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass</a>, which was then coated with light-sensitized gelatin.<sup id="cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COLLOTYPE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allowed print runs of up to 1,000.<sup id="cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COLLOTYPE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This patent was later purchased by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bierstadt" title="Edward Bierstadt">Edward Bierstadt</a>, who developed one of the first commercial collotype companies in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koeln_in_Bildern,_Tafel_45._Der_Volksgarten._Teich_(uncropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Koeln_in_Bildern%2C_Tafel_45._Der_Volksgarten._Teich_%28uncropped%29.jpg/166px-Koeln_in_Bildern%2C_Tafel_45._Der_Volksgarten._Teich_%28uncropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Koeln_in_Bildern%2C_Tafel_45._Der_Volksgarten._Teich_%28uncropped%29.jpg/249px-Koeln_in_Bildern%2C_Tafel_45._Der_Volksgarten._Teich_%28uncropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Koeln_in_Bildern%2C_Tafel_45._Der_Volksgarten._Teich_%28uncropped%29.jpg/332px-Koeln_in_Bildern%2C_Tafel_45._Der_Volksgarten._Teich_%28uncropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3108" data-file-height="2372" /></a><figcaption>Example of a collotype ("Phototypie" in the caption) printed in blue ink. This is a monochrome collotype, not a color collotype.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_collotype">Later collotype</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later collotype"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The collotype plate is made by coating a plate of glass or metal with a substrate composed of gelatin or other colloid and hardening it. Then it is coated with a thick coat of dichromated gelatin and dried carefully at a controlled temperature (a little over 50° <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a>) so it "reticulates" or breaks up into a finely grained pattern when washed later in approximately 16 °C water. The plate is then exposed in contact with the negative using an <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> (UV) source which changes the ability of the exposed gelatin to absorb water later. The plate is developed by carefully washing out the dichromate salt and dried without heat. The plate is left in a cool dry place to cure for 24 hours before using it to print. </p><p>Related processes, or processes developed from collotype, or even alternate names for collotype include albertype, Alethetype, autocopyist, artotype, Gelatinotypy, heliotype, hydrotype, indotint, ink-photo, leimtype, lichtdruck, papyrotype, photogelatin, photophane, phototype, Roto-Collotype, Rye's, and Sinop.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COLLOTYPE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Color_collotype_or_chromocollotype">Color collotype or chromocollotype</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Color collotype or chromocollotype"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In 1874, Joseph Albert produced the first color collotypes with three collotype plates, each inked in a different color.<sup id="cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COLLOTYPE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1882, the Hoeschtype, which used six plates, was patented.<sup id="cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COLLOTYPE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Museum;_the_main_facade._Collotype_after_an_earl_Wellcome_V0013517.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/The_British_Museum%3B_the_main_facade._Collotype_after_an_earl_Wellcome_V0013517.jpg/220px-The_British_Museum%3B_the_main_facade._Collotype_after_an_earl_Wellcome_V0013517.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/The_British_Museum%3B_the_main_facade._Collotype_after_an_earl_Wellcome_V0013517.jpg/330px-The_British_Museum%3B_the_main_facade._Collotype_after_an_earl_Wellcome_V0013517.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/The_British_Museum%3B_the_main_facade._Collotype_after_an_earl_Wellcome_V0013517.jpg/440px-The_British_Museum%3B_the_main_facade._Collotype_after_an_earl_Wellcome_V0013517.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3307" data-file-height="2158" /></a><figcaption>Reproductive collotype of a <a href="/wiki/Wood_engraving" title="Wood engraving">wood engraving</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combination_processes">Combination processes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Combination processes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horgan%27s_half-tone_and_photomechanical_processes_(1913)_(14800311473).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Horgan%27s_half-tone_and_photomechanical_processes_%281913%29_%2814800311473%29.jpg/173px-Horgan%27s_half-tone_and_photomechanical_processes_%281913%29_%2814800311473%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Horgan%27s_half-tone_and_photomechanical_processes_%281913%29_%2814800311473%29.jpg/260px-Horgan%27s_half-tone_and_photomechanical_processes_%281913%29_%2814800311473%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Horgan%27s_half-tone_and_photomechanical_processes_%281913%29_%2814800311473%29.jpg/346px-Horgan%27s_half-tone_and_photomechanical_processes_%281913%29_%2814800311473%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1884" data-file-height="3056" /></a><figcaption>Halftone collotype process with mezzograph, 1913.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mezzograph_collotype">Mezzograph collotype</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mezzograph collotype"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mezzograph was a trade name used by Valentine Co. Ltd. of Scotland, for their multicolored postcards, printed in a hybrid process where colors were printed via <a href="/wiki/Photolithography" title="Photolithography">photolithography</a> and then overprinted in black or blue collotype for the "outlines" of the image.<sup id="cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COLLOTYPE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Halftone_collotype">Halftone collotype</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Halftone collotype"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Aquatone" redirects here. For the aircraft once code-named as "Aquatone", see <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_U-2" title="Lockheed U-2">Lockheed U-2</a>.</div> <p>Halftone collotype processes combine <a href="/wiki/Halftone" title="Halftone">halftone printing</a> and collotype. These include the Jaffetype, developed in Vienna; the Aquatone, developed and patented by Robert John in the United States in 1922, in which the gelatin is not reticulated;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Gelatone process, introduced in 1939; and the Optak process, introduced in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COLLOTYPE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Collotype was most often printed in <a href="/wiki/Monochromatic_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Monochromatic image">monochrome</a> in various colors of ink, most commonly black, brown, green, blue.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In double-rolled collotype, the plate was first inked with stiff black ink and then re-inked with a softer colored ink; only one impression was taken.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This process was most common in fancy postcards.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Collotype has a finely <a href="/wiki/Paper_texture_effects_in_calotype_photography" title="Paper texture effects in calotype photography">reticulated</a> pattern that captures the tonal shifts of photography with a much more subtle effect that other photographic printing processes of the late 19th century, such as halftone engraving.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under <a href="/wiki/Magnification" title="Magnification">magnification</a>, the edges of the print appear as diffuse fine curved lines, unlike the more defined edges of <a href="/wiki/Relief_printing" title="Relief printing">relief</a> or <a href="/wiki/Intaglio_(printmaking)" title="Intaglio (printmaking)">intaglio</a> prints.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Richard_Benson_(photographer)" title="Richard Benson (photographer)">Richard Benson</a> has described the finnicky nature of collotype printing, primarily problems of registration with damp paper and the varied tones from sheet to sheet.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a young printer during the 1960s, Benson recalled how superstitious the collotype printers were because of the delicacy of the process.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As collotype is a hand-printed process, it can be printed on <a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">hand-made paper</a>, which differentiates it from other forms of photographic reproduction.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_use">Historical use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Historical use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The collotype printing process did not achieve commercial viability until Joseph Albert invented the first mechanized collotype press in 1868. Short runs can printed on a proofing press, but longer print runs are carried out on a flatbed machine, where the plate is made square, level and fixed on the bed. The plate is then dampened with a slightly <a href="/wiki/Acidic" class="mw-redirect" title="Acidic">acidic</a> <a href="/wiki/Glycerine" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycerine">glycerine</a>–water mixture which is selectively absorbed by the different gel hardnesses, blotted before inking with collotype ink using a leather nap or velvet rollers. Best results are achieved with hard finished paper such as Bristol, placed upon the plate and covered with a <a href="/wiki/Tympan" title="Tympan">tympan</a> before slight pressure is applied. The collotype process uses much less pressure than other types of printing, such as lithography, letterpress or intaglio. While it is possible to print by hand using a roller or brayer, the best consistency in pressure and even distribution of ink is most effectively achieved on a mechanized press. </p><p>The collotype printing process was used for volume mechanical printing before the introduction of simpler and cheaper <a href="/wiki/Offset_lithography" class="mw-redirect" title="Offset lithography">offset lithography</a>. It can produce results difficult to distinguish from metal-based photographic prints because of its microscopically fine reticulations which compose the image. Many old postcards are collotypes. Its possibilities for fine art photography were first employed in the United States by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Alfred Stieglitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tong_Jixu" title="Tong Jixu">Tong Jixu</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Yanguangshi" title="Yanguangshi">Yanguangshi</a> Publishing House in China in post WWI period. </p><p>Because of its ability to print fine detail, it was also used for business cards and invitations with fine script lettering. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Famous_works">Famous works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Famous works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_woman_sitting_naked_on_a_chair_and_smoking._Collotype_Wellcome_V0048657FA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/A_woman_sitting_naked_on_a_chair_and_smoking._Collotype_Wellcome_V0048657FA.jpg/184px-A_woman_sitting_naked_on_a_chair_and_smoking._Collotype_Wellcome_V0048657FA.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/A_woman_sitting_naked_on_a_chair_and_smoking._Collotype_Wellcome_V0048657FA.jpg/276px-A_woman_sitting_naked_on_a_chair_and_smoking._Collotype_Wellcome_V0048657FA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/A_woman_sitting_naked_on_a_chair_and_smoking._Collotype_Wellcome_V0048657FA.jpg/368px-A_woman_sitting_naked_on_a_chair_and_smoking._Collotype_Wellcome_V0048657FA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3664" data-file-height="1414" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eadweard_Muybridge" title="Eadweard Muybridge">Eadward Muybridge's</a> <i>Animal Locomotion: an Electro-Photographic Investigation of Connective Phases of Animal Movements</i> (1883–86, printed 1887) used collotype to print the photographs.</figcaption></figure><p>Eadward Muybridge's <i>Animal Locomotion: an Electro-Photographic Investigation of Connective Phases of Animal Movements</i> (1883–86, printed 1887) was printed in collotype from photographs transferred to gelatin.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After collotype had fallen out of commercial use, artists began to experiment with the process. <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso's</a> 1920 <a href="/wiki/Artist%27s_book" title="Artist's book">artist's book</a> <i>Le Tricorne</i> was printed in (black) collotype with applied <a href="/wiki/Stencil" title="Stencil">pochoir</a> color.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealist</a> <a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Max Ernst</a> printed the <a href="/wiki/Frottage_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frottage (art)">frottages</a> in the portfolio <i>Natural History</i> (1926) in collotype.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp's</a> La <i><a href="/wiki/De_ou_par_Marcel_Duchamp_ou_Rrose_S%C3%A9lavy_(La_Bo%C3%AEte-en-valise)" title="De ou par Marcel Duchamp ou Rrose Sélavy (La Boîte-en-valise)">Boîte-en-valise</a></i> (<i>Box in a Suitcase</i>), produced in the 1930s and 1940s, combines the techniques of collotype and <a href="/wiki/Stencil" title="Stencil">stencil</a> to create its "copies."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Richter" title="Gerhard Richter">Gerhard Richter's</a> <i>Mao</i> (1968) is a collotype portrait of <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_use">Contemporary use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Contemporary use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial">Commercial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Commercial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 1983, there were only two commercial collotype firms in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as of 1997, there were no commercial collotype printers in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2015, there were two commercial collotype printers in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto, Japan.</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Europe, the firm Fratelli Alinari (<a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>) and Lichtdruck-Kunst (<a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>) still produce collotypes, primarily as high-quality art reproductions for museums.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-commercial_or_artistic">Non-commercial or artistic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Non-commercial or artistic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010, only a small number of facilities in the United States, primarily art studios or organizations, still have the ability to create collotypes.<sup id="cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COLLOTYPE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monochrome_collotypes">Monochrome collotypes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Monochrome collotypes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arapaho_woman_Pretty_Nose,_1879,_restored.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pretty Nose, collotype with black ink, 1879."><img alt="Pretty Nose, collotype with black ink, 1879." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Arapaho_woman_Pretty_Nose%2C_1879%2C_restored.jpg/96px-Arapaho_woman_Pretty_Nose%2C_1879%2C_restored.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Arapaho_woman_Pretty_Nose%2C_1879%2C_restored.jpg/144px-Arapaho_woman_Pretty_Nose%2C_1879%2C_restored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Arapaho_woman_Pretty_Nose%2C_1879%2C_restored.jpg/192px-Arapaho_woman_Pretty_Nose%2C_1879%2C_restored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1484" data-file-height="1855" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pretty_Nose" title="Pretty Nose">Pretty Nose</a>, collotype with black ink, 1879.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo-engraving_and_photo-lithography_in_line_and_in_half-tone,_also_collotype_and_heliotype_(titel_op_object),_RP-F-2001-7-451.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Collotype (on left page), 1887."><img alt="A book opening showing on the left a collotype of a woman seated in a studio, while the right is the title page reading "Photo-Engraving"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Photo-engraving_and_photo-lithography_in_line_and_in_half-tone%2C_also_collotype_and_heliotype_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-F-2001-7-451.jpg/120px-Photo-engraving_and_photo-lithography_in_line_and_in_half-tone%2C_also_collotype_and_heliotype_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-F-2001-7-451.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Photo-engraving_and_photo-lithography_in_line_and_in_half-tone%2C_also_collotype_and_heliotype_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-F-2001-7-451.jpg/180px-Photo-engraving_and_photo-lithography_in_line_and_in_half-tone%2C_also_collotype_and_heliotype_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-F-2001-7-451.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Photo-engraving_and_photo-lithography_in_line_and_in_half-tone%2C_also_collotype_and_heliotype_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-F-2001-7-451.jpg/240px-Photo-engraving_and_photo-lithography_in_line_and_in_half-tone%2C_also_collotype_and_heliotype_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-F-2001-7-451.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5448" data-file-height="3900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Collotype (on left page), 1887.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baltimore_Orioles_and_New_York_Giants,_Temple_Cup_Series_-_DPLA_-_370417303719ed746ed249e88fa594d6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Collotype reproduction of original painting by Henry Sandham, 1896."><img alt="Collotype reproduction of original painting by Henry Sandham, 1896." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Baltimore_Orioles_and_New_York_Giants%2C_Temple_Cup_Series_-_DPLA_-_370417303719ed746ed249e88fa594d6.jpg/120px-Baltimore_Orioles_and_New_York_Giants%2C_Temple_Cup_Series_-_DPLA_-_370417303719ed746ed249e88fa594d6.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Baltimore_Orioles_and_New_York_Giants%2C_Temple_Cup_Series_-_DPLA_-_370417303719ed746ed249e88fa594d6.jpg/180px-Baltimore_Orioles_and_New_York_Giants%2C_Temple_Cup_Series_-_DPLA_-_370417303719ed746ed249e88fa594d6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Baltimore_Orioles_and_New_York_Giants%2C_Temple_Cup_Series_-_DPLA_-_370417303719ed746ed249e88fa594d6.jpg/240px-Baltimore_Orioles_and_New_York_Giants%2C_Temple_Cup_Series_-_DPLA_-_370417303719ed746ed249e88fa594d6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Collotype reproduction of original painting by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Sandham" title="Henry Sandham">Henry Sandham</a>, 1896.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernard,_Claude_(1813-1878)_CIPA0598.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Collotype in black ink of a painting, 19th century."><img alt="Collotype in black ink of a painting, 19th century." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bernard%2C_Claude_%281813-1878%29_CIPA0598.jpg/120px-Bernard%2C_Claude_%281813-1878%29_CIPA0598.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bernard%2C_Claude_%281813-1878%29_CIPA0598.jpg/180px-Bernard%2C_Claude_%281813-1878%29_CIPA0598.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bernard%2C_Claude_%281813-1878%29_CIPA0598.jpg/240px-Bernard%2C_Claude_%281813-1878%29_CIPA0598.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="654" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Collotype in black ink of a painting, 19th century.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guilherme_Gaensly_-_Avenida_Paulista_II,_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Collotype with green ink, 1908."><img alt="Collotype with green ink, 1908." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Guilherme_Gaensly_-_Avenida_Paulista_II%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Guilherme_Gaensly_-_Avenida_Paulista_II%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Guilherme_Gaensly_-_Avenida_Paulista_II%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Guilherme_Gaensly_-_Avenida_Paulista_II%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Guilherme_Gaensly_-_Avenida_Paulista_II%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Guilherme_Gaensly_-_Avenida_Paulista_II%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3979" data-file-height="2650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Collotype with green ink, 1908.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Horgan%27s_half-tone_and_photomechanical_processes_(1913)_(14778035584).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Collotype in sepia ink, 1913."><img alt="Collotype in sepia ink, 1913." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Horgan%27s_half-tone_and_photomechanical_processes_%281913%29_%2814778035584%29.jpg/78px-Horgan%27s_half-tone_and_photomechanical_processes_%281913%29_%2814778035584%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Horgan%27s_half-tone_and_photomechanical_processes_%281913%29_%2814778035584%29.jpg/117px-Horgan%27s_half-tone_and_photomechanical_processes_%281913%29_%2814778035584%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Horgan%27s_half-tone_and_photomechanical_processes_%281913%29_%2814778035584%29.jpg/156px-Horgan%27s_half-tone_and_photomechanical_processes_%281913%29_%2814778035584%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2102" data-file-height="3222" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Collotype in <a href="/wiki/Sepia_(color)" title="Sepia (color)">sepia</a> ink, 1913.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Koeln_in_Bildern,_Tafel_54._Das_Moltke-Denkmal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Collotype in blue-grey ink."><img alt="Collotype in blue-grey ink." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Koeln_in_Bildern%2C_Tafel_54._Das_Moltke-Denkmal.jpg/87px-Koeln_in_Bildern%2C_Tafel_54._Das_Moltke-Denkmal.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Koeln_in_Bildern%2C_Tafel_54._Das_Moltke-Denkmal.jpg/130px-Koeln_in_Bildern%2C_Tafel_54._Das_Moltke-Denkmal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Koeln_in_Bildern%2C_Tafel_54._Das_Moltke-Denkmal.jpg/173px-Koeln_in_Bildern%2C_Tafel_54._Das_Moltke-Denkmal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2216" data-file-height="3067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Collotype in blue-grey ink.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Monochrome_collotypes_with_applied_color">Monochrome collotypes with applied color</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Monochrome collotypes with applied color"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazumasa_Ogawa_(Japanese_-_Tree_P%C3%A6ony_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hand-colored collotype, 1896."><img alt="Hand-colored collotype, 1896." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kazumasa_Ogawa_%28Japanese_-_Tree_P%C3%A6ony_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/120px-Kazumasa_Ogawa_%28Japanese_-_Tree_P%C3%A6ony_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kazumasa_Ogawa_%28Japanese_-_Tree_P%C3%A6ony_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/180px-Kazumasa_Ogawa_%28Japanese_-_Tree_P%C3%A6ony_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kazumasa_Ogawa_%28Japanese_-_Tree_P%C3%A6ony_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-Kazumasa_Ogawa_%28Japanese_-_Tree_P%C3%A6ony_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="3584" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hand-colored collotype, 1896.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guilherme_Gaensly_-_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_-_Jardim_da_Luz_III,_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Collotype with handprinted color, 1900."><img alt="Collotype with handprinted color, 1900." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Guilherme_Gaensly_-_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_-_Jardim_da_Luz_III%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Guilherme_Gaensly_-_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_-_Jardim_da_Luz_III%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Guilherme_Gaensly_-_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_-_Jardim_da_Luz_III%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Guilherme_Gaensly_-_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_-_Jardim_da_Luz_III%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Guilherme_Gaensly_-_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_-_Jardim_da_Luz_III%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Guilherme_Gaensly_-_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_-_Jardim_da_Luz_III%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3785" data-file-height="2443" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Collotype with handprinted color, 1900.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Burne-Jones_Witches_Tree_(Flower_Book).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Edward Burne-Jones' The Flower Book (1905), collotype with applied pochoir."><img alt="A woman in a brown cloak stares at a figure in a black cloak among greenery and flowers." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Edward_Burne-Jones_Witches_Tree_%28Flower_Book%29.png/119px-Edward_Burne-Jones_Witches_Tree_%28Flower_Book%29.png" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Edward_Burne-Jones_Witches_Tree_%28Flower_Book%29.png/179px-Edward_Burne-Jones_Witches_Tree_%28Flower_Book%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Edward_Burne-Jones_Witches_Tree_%28Flower_Book%29.png/239px-Edward_Burne-Jones_Witches_Tree_%28Flower_Book%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="1027" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/The_Flower_Book_(Edward_Burne-Jones)" title="The Flower Book (Edward Burne-Jones)">Edward Burne-Jones' <i>The Flower Book</i> (1905)</a><i>,</i> collotype with applied <a href="/wiki/Stencil" title="Stencil">pochoir</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Am_Main-Morgenstern-KAVFFM-010-Mainbruecke_und_Sachsenhausen_in_Frankfurt_a_M.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Collotype (of an engraving) with applied watercolor, 1913."><img alt="Collotype (of an engraving) with applied watercolor, 1913." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Morgenstern-KAVFFM-010-Mainbruecke_und_Sachsenhausen_in_Frankfurt_a_M.jpg/120px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Morgenstern-KAVFFM-010-Mainbruecke_und_Sachsenhausen_in_Frankfurt_a_M.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Morgenstern-KAVFFM-010-Mainbruecke_und_Sachsenhausen_in_Frankfurt_a_M.jpg/180px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Morgenstern-KAVFFM-010-Mainbruecke_und_Sachsenhausen_in_Frankfurt_a_M.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Morgenstern-KAVFFM-010-Mainbruecke_und_Sachsenhausen_in_Frankfurt_a_M.jpg/240px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Morgenstern-KAVFFM-010-Mainbruecke_und_Sachsenhausen_in_Frankfurt_a_M.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2446" data-file-height="1674" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Collotype (of an <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engraving</a>) with applied <a href="/wiki/Watercolor_painting" title="Watercolor painting">watercolor</a>, 1913.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:272_BIARRITZ._-_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_et_les_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es._-_LL._(3021802285).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postcard of Biarritz, collotype print with applied color, ca. 1916."><img alt="Postcard of a coastal scene with the ocean on the right and a city on the left" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/272_BIARRITZ._-_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_et_les_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es._-_LL._%283021802285%29.jpg/120px-272_BIARRITZ._-_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_et_les_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es._-_LL._%283021802285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/272_BIARRITZ._-_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_et_les_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es._-_LL._%283021802285%29.jpg/180px-272_BIARRITZ._-_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_et_les_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es._-_LL._%283021802285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/272_BIARRITZ._-_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_et_les_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es._-_LL._%283021802285%29.jpg/240px-272_BIARRITZ._-_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_et_les_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es._-_LL._%283021802285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="748" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postcard of Biarritz, collotype print with applied color, ca. 1916.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_D.C._-_White_House_-_1877_LCCN2017648282.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hand-colored collotype, ca. 1877–1920."><img alt="Hand-colored collotype, ca. 1877–1920." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Washington_D.C._-_White_House_-_1877_LCCN2017648282.jpg/120px-Washington_D.C._-_White_House_-_1877_LCCN2017648282.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Washington_D.C._-_White_House_-_1877_LCCN2017648282.jpg/180px-Washington_D.C._-_White_House_-_1877_LCCN2017648282.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Washington_D.C._-_White_House_-_1877_LCCN2017648282.jpg/240px-Washington_D.C._-_White_House_-_1877_LCCN2017648282.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4828" data-file-height="3727" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hand-colored collotype, ca. 1877–1920.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multicolored_collotypes">Multicolored collotypes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Multicolored collotypes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_postale_ancienne_de_Ch%C3%A9m%C3%A9r%C3%A9_20.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Collotype with brown and blue ink."><img alt="Collotype with brown and blue ink." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Carte_postale_ancienne_de_Ch%C3%A9m%C3%A9r%C3%A9_20.jpg/120px-Carte_postale_ancienne_de_Ch%C3%A9m%C3%A9r%C3%A9_20.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Carte_postale_ancienne_de_Ch%C3%A9m%C3%A9r%C3%A9_20.jpg/180px-Carte_postale_ancienne_de_Ch%C3%A9m%C3%A9r%C3%A9_20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Carte_postale_ancienne_de_Ch%C3%A9m%C3%A9r%C3%A9_20.jpg/240px-Carte_postale_ancienne_de_Ch%C3%A9m%C3%A9r%C3%A9_20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1648" data-file-height="1056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Collotype with brown and blue ink.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MaryPickford4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lobby card of Mary Pickford, 1921."><img alt="Lobby card of Mary Pickford, 1921." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/MaryPickford4.jpg/120px-MaryPickford4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/MaryPickford4.jpg/180px-MaryPickford4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/MaryPickford4.jpg/240px-MaryPickford4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2699" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lobby card of Mary Pickford, 1921.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marc_Gazelle-lichtdruck.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gazelle by Franz Marc, 1923: a collotype reproduction of a painting."><img alt="Gazelle by Franz Marc" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Marc_Gazelle-lichtdruck.jpg/120px-Marc_Gazelle-lichtdruck.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Marc_Gazelle-lichtdruck.jpg/180px-Marc_Gazelle-lichtdruck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Marc_Gazelle-lichtdruck.jpg/240px-Marc_Gazelle-lichtdruck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2624" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Gazelle</i> by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Marc" title="Franz Marc">Franz Marc</a>, 1923: a collotype reproduction of a painting. </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130213104006/http://brevetsphotographiques.fr/englishluisnadeau.htm">"The Poitevin Patents and the Importance of Using Primary Sources"</a>. <i>BrevetsPhotographiques.fr</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brevetsphotographiques.fr/englishluisnadeau.htm">the original</a> on 2013-02-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BrevetsPhotographiques.fr&rft.atitle=The+Poitevin+Patents+and+the+Importance+of+Using+Primary+Sources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrevetsphotographiques.fr%2Fenglishluisnadeau.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Bernard Edward. <i>Cassell's cyclopaedia of photography</i>. Ayer Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cassell%27s+cyclopaedia+of+photography&rft.pub=Ayer+Publishing&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Bernard+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/photographic-processes">"Photographic processes"</a>. <i>Victoria and Albert Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190721153912/https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/photographic-processes">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Victoria+and+Albert+Museum&rft.atitle=Photographic+processes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vam.ac.uk%2Farticles%2Fphotographic-processes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.archivists.org/entry/collotype.html">"Collotype"</a>. <i>Society of American Archivists Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Archivists" title="Society of American Archivists">Society of American Archivists</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502111954/https://dictionary.archivists.org/entry/collotype.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Society+of+American+Archivists+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Collotype&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.archivists.org%2Fentry%2Fcollotype.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-COLLOTYPE-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COLLOTYPE_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStulikKaplan2013" class="citation book cs1">Stulik, Dusan C.; Kaplan, Art (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publications/pdf/atlas_collotype.pdf"><i>Collotype</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Atlas of Analytical Signatures of Photographic Processes. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-937433-07-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-937433-07-9"><bdi>978-1-937433-07-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collotype&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.series=The+Atlas+of+Analytical+Signatures+of+Photographic+Processes&rft.pub=The+Getty+Conservation+Institute&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-937433-07-9&rft.aulast=Stulik&rft.aufirst=Dusan+C.&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getty.edu%2Fconservation%2Fpublications_resources%2Fpdf_publications%2Fpdf%2Fatlas_collotype.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/collotype">"Collotype: printing process"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906110406/http://www.britannica.com/technology/collotype">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-09-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Collotype%3A+printing+process&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftechnology%2Fcollotype&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/collotype">"Collotype"</a>. <i>The Museum of Modern Art</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411014045/https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/collotype">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.atitle=Collotype&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moma.org%2Fcollection%2Fterms%2Fcollotype&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tom Reardon and Kent Kirby, "Collotype: Prince of Printing Process." <i>Printing History</i> 25 (1991): 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDefibaugh1997" class="citation book cs1">Defibaugh, Denis (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.rit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4828&context=theses"><i>The Collotype: & History, Process, Photographic Documentation [MA Thesis]</i></a>. Rochester, NY: Rochester Institute of Technology.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Collotype%3A+%26+History%2C+Process%2C+Photographic+Documentation+%5BMA+Thesis%5D&rft.place=Rochester%2C+NY&rft.pub=Rochester+Institute+of+Technology&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Defibaugh&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.rit.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D4828%26context%3Dtheses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchnauss1889" class="citation book cs1">Schnauss, Julius (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/gutenberg.org/4/9/8/6/49866/49866-h/49866-h.htm#xvii"><i>Collotype and Photo-lithography</i></a>. Translated by Middleton, Edward C. London: Iliffe and Son (published September 3, 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collotype+and+Photo-lithography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Iliffe+and+Son&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Schnauss&rft.aufirst=Julius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mirrorservice.org%2Fsites%2Fgutenberg.org%2F4%2F9%2F8%2F6%2F49866%2F49866-h%2F49866-h.htm%23xvii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarr1949" class="citation book cs1">Tarr, John Charles (1949). <i>Printing to-day</i>. The Pageant of Progress, no. 17 (revised ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Printing+to-day&rft.place=London&rft.series=The+Pageant+of+Progress%2C+no.+17&rft.pages=109&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Tarr&rft.aufirst=John+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenson2008" class="citation book cs1">Benson, Richard (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/438465528"><i>The printed picture</i></a>. New York: Museum of Modern Art. p. 243. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87070-721-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87070-721-6"><bdi>978-0-87070-721-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/438465528">438465528</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+printed+picture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=243&rft.pub=Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F438465528&rft.isbn=978-0-87070-721-6&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F438465528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenson2008" class="citation book cs1">Benson, Richard (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/438465528"><i>The printed picture</i></a>. New York: Museum of Modern Art. p. 252. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87070-721-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87070-721-6"><bdi>978-0-87070-721-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/438465528">438465528</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+printed+picture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=252&rft.pub=Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F438465528&rft.isbn=978-0-87070-721-6&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F438465528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorsfall2017" class="citation web cs1">Horsfall, Craig (2017-02-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebookandpapergathering.org/2017/02/23/identifying-collotypes/">"Identifying collotypes"</a>. <i>The Book & Paper Gathering</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170224201051/https://thebookandpapergathering.org/2017/02/23/identifying-collotypes/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-02-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.atitle=Max+Ernst%2C+Natural+History+%28Histoire+naturelle%29%2C+c.+1925%2C+published+1926&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moma.org%2Fcollection%2Fworks%2F10056&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guggenheim-venice.it/en/art/works/box-in-a-valise/">"Box in a Valise"</a>. <i>Peggy Guggenheim Collection</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peggy+Guggenheim+Collection&rft.atitle=Box+in+a+Valise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guggenheim-venice.it%2Fen%2Fart%2Fworks%2Fbox-in-a-valise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudovitz2005" class="citation journal cs1">Judovitz, Dalia (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pmc.iath.virginia.edu/issue.905/16.1judovitz.html">"Duchamp's "Luggage Physics": Art on the Move"</a>. <i>Postmodern Culture</i>. <b>905</b>: 13 – via University of Virginia Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Postmodern+Culture&rft.atitle=Duchamp%27s+%22Luggage+Physics%22%3A+Art+on+the+Move&rft.volume=905&rft.pages=13&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Judovitz&rft.aufirst=Dalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpmc.iath.virginia.edu%2Fissue.905%2F16.1judovitz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weitman, Wendy (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/collection/works/60106?sov_referrer=art_term&art_term_id=23">"Gerhard Richter: <i>Mao,"</i></a> in Deborah Wye, <i>Artists and Prints: Masterworks from The Museum of Modern Art</i>, New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2004, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaytChayt1983" class="citation book cs1">Chayt, Steven; Chayt, Meryl (1983). <i>Collotype: Being a History-Practium-Bibliography</i>. Winter Haven, FL: Anachronic Editions. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collotype%3A+Being+a+History-Practium-Bibliography&rft.place=Winter+Haven%2C+FL&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Anachronic+Editions&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Chayt&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=Chayt%2C+Meryl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhang2015" class="citation web cs1">Zhang, Michael (May 26, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://petapixel.com/2015/05/26/a-look-at-benrido-one-of-the-last-collotype-printers-in-the-world/">"A Look at Benrido, One of the Last Collotype Printers in the World"</a>. <i>Peta Pixel</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150531091013/http://petapixel.com/2015/05/26/a-look-at-benrido-one-of-the-last-collotype-printers-in-the-world/">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peta+Pixel&rft.atitle=A+Look+at+Benrido%2C+One+of+the+Last+Collotype+Printers+in+the+World&rft.date=2015-05-26&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpetapixel.com%2F2015%2F05%2F26%2Fa-look-at-benrido-one-of-the-last-collotype-printers-in-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThirkellHill2009" class="citation book cs1">Thirkell, Paul; Hill, Victoria (2009). "The reproduction, conservation and creation of artwork through the Collotype Printing Process". In Colborne, J; Fisherman Snyder, R (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/1005957/the-reproduction-conservation-and-creation-of-artwork-through-the-collotype-printing-process"><i>Printed on Paper: The Techniques, History and Conservation of Printed Media</i></a>. Newcastle: Northumbria University. pp. <span class="nowrap">165–</span>9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+reproduction%2C+conservation+and+creation+of+artwork+through+the+Collotype+Printing+Process&rft.btitle=Printed+on+Paper%3A+The+Techniques%2C+History+and+Conservation+of+Printed+Media&rft.place=Newcastle&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E165-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.pub=Northumbria+University&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Thirkell&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Hill%2C+Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuwe-repository.worktribe.com%2Foutput%2F1005957%2Fthe-reproduction-conservation-and-creation-of-artwork-through-the-collotype-printing-process&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollotype" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_sources">External sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collotype&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Defibaugh, Denis (1997). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.rit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4828&context=theses">The Collotype: & History, Process, Photographic Documentation [MA Thesis]</a></i>. Rochester, NY: Rochester Institute of Technology.</li> <li>Dusan C. Stulik, Art Kaplan, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publications/pdf/atlas_collotype.pdf">Collotype</a></i>. Getty Conservation Institute, 2013 (<i>Atlas of Analytical Signatures of Photographic Processes</i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNRo5AomkXM">Video of collotype printing at Benrido Press</a>, Kyoto, Japan (2009).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://collotype-vienna.com">http://collotype-vienna.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" 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<span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>19 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon 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