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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leptis_Magna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leptis_Magna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Leptis Magna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leptis_Magna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Islamic rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_Libya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_Libya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Italian Libya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_Libya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libyan_Independence_and_Gaddafi_regime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libyan_Independence_and_Gaddafi_regime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Libyan Independence and Gaddafi regime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libyan_Independence_and_Gaddafi_regime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libyan_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libyan_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Libyan Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libyan_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Al-Khums_municipality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Al-Khums_municipality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Al-Khums municipality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Al-Khums_municipality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Port_and_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port_and_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Port and transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port_and_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B3" title="الخمس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الخمس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fl-X%C3%BCms" title="Əl-Xüms – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əl-Xüms" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%8C_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="الخمس، لیبی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الخمس، لیبی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Аль-Хумс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аль-Хумс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Хумс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хумс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homs_(L%C3%ADbia)" title="Homs (Líbia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Homs (Líbia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Khums" title="Al Khums – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Al Khums" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Chums" title="Al-Chums – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Al-Chums" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Khoms" title="Al Khoms – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Al Khoms" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_%C4%A4ums" title="Al Ĥums – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Al Ĥums" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khums" title="Khums – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Khums" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%8C_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="الخمس، لیبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الخمس، لیبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoms" title="Khoms – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Khoms" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9B%94%EC%8A%A4" title="훔스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="훔스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Khums" title="Al Khums – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Al Khums" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Khums" title="Al Khums – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Al Khums" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homs_(Libia)" title="Homs (Libia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Homs (Libia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%97%27%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A1" title="אל-ח'ומס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אל-ח'ומס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ელ-ხუმსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელ-ხუმსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoms_(Libya)" title="Khoms (Libya) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Khoms (Libya)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humsas" title="Humsas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Humsas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B3_(%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A8)" title="الخمس (تجمع سكان فى شعبيه المرقب) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الخمس (تجمع سكان فى شعبيه المرقب)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Khums" title="Al Khums – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Al Khums" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B9_(%E3%83%AA%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2)" title="フムス (リビア) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フムス (リビア)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Khums" title="Al-Khums – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Al-Khums" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoms" title="Khoms – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Khoms" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Chums" title="Al-Chums – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Al-Chums" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homs_(L%C3%ADbia)" title="Homs (Líbia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Homs (Líbia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Khums" title="Al Khums – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Al Khums" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81_(%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Хомс (Ливия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хомс (Ливия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homs_(L%C3%ACbia)" title="Homs (Lìbia) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Homs (Lìbia)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Khums" title="Al Khums – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Al Khums" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homs_(Libija)" title="Homs (Libija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Homs (Libija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Khums" title="Al Khums – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Al Khums" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Khums" title="Al-Khums – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Al-Khums" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81_(%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Хомс (Лівія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хомс (Лівія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%8C_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="خمس، لیبیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خمس، لیبیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D8%AE%DB%87%D9%85%D8%B3" title="ئەلخۇمس – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئەلخۇمس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Khums" title="Al Khums – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Al Khums" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kums" title="Kums – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kums" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homs,_Libya" title="Homs, Libya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Homs, Libya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF" title="胡姆斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="胡姆斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Al-Khums&params=32_38_59_N_14_15_52_E_region:LY_type:city(201943)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°38′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">14°15′52″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.64972°N 14.26444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.64972; 14.26444</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khoms,_Libya&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoms, Libya">Khoms, Libya</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in Tripolitania, Libya</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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.ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Al-Khums</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الخمس</span></span></div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Khoms</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khums17february.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title=""17 February Martyrs Monument" in Khums center"><img alt=""17 February Martyrs Monument" in Khums center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1a/Khums17february.jpeg/250px-Khums17february.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1a/Khums17february.jpeg/375px-Khums17february.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1a/Khums17february.jpeg/500px-Khums17february.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="403" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">"<a href="/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Civil War 2011">17 February</a> Martyrs Monument" in Khums center</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Al-Khums_Municipality_Logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Al-Khums"><img alt="Official seal of Al-Khums" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3c/Al-Khums_Municipality_Logo.jpg/200px-Al-Khums_Municipality_Logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3c/Al-Khums_Municipality_Logo.jpg/300px-Al-Khums_Municipality_Logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3c/Al-Khums_Municipality_Logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="192" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Libya_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Al-Khums is located in Libya"><img alt="Al-Khums is located in Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Libya_location_map.svg/250px-Libya_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Libya_location_map.svg/375px-Libya_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Libya_location_map.svg/500px-Libya_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="969" data-file-height="929" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:5.247%;left:31.49%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Al-Khums"><img alt="Al-Khums" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Al-Khums</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Libya</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Al-Khums&params=32_38_59_N_14_15_52_E_region:LY_type:city(201943)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°38′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">14°15′52″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.64972°N 14.26444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.64972; 14.26444</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tripolitania" title="Tripolitania">Tripolitania</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Libya" title="Districts of Libya">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Murqub_District" title="Murqub District">Murqub</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled by <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phoenicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenicians">Phoenicians</a></th><td class="infobox-data">around 1000 <a href="/wiki/Before_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Christ">BC</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Leptis_Magna" title="Leptis Magna">Lpqy</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governing body</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khums_Municipal_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Khums Municipal Council (page does not exist)">Al-Khums Municipal Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • President of the Municipal Council</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalid_Bennour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalid Bennour (page does not exist)">Khalid Bennour</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wolfram_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolfram-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7 ft (2 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2004)<sup id="cite_ref-wolfram_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolfram-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">201,943</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Khumsi</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">31</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Libya" title="Vehicle registration plates of Libya">License Plate Code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://khoms.gov.ly/">http://khoms.gov.ly/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Al-Khums</b> or <b>Khoms</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الخمس</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Libya" title="List of cities in Libya">city</a>, port and the <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> capital of the <a href="/wiki/Murqub_District" title="Murqub District">Murqub District</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> coast of <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an estimated population of around 202,000.<sup id="cite_ref-wolfram_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolfram-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population at the 1984 census was 38,174.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1983 and 1995 it was the administrative center of <a href="/wiki/Al_Khums_District" title="Al Khums District">al-Khums District</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khums&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>al-Khums</i> or <i>Khoms</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الخُمس</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher,_Morris_1985_page_88_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher,_Morris_1985_page_88-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> translated literally to "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quintile" class="extiw" title="wikt:quintile">the quintile</a>" in Arabic.<sup id="cite_ref-libyan4native.wordpress.com_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libyan4native.wordpress.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The origin of the name is not clear. Several hypotheses include: </p> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Tripolitania" title="Tripolitania">Tripolitania</a> the <a href="/wiki/Quinary" title="Quinary">quinary numeral system</a> was used in contrary to most other <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabic cultures</a>, which used the <a href="/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">decimal system</a>. Khums and neighbouring villages were famous in producing <a href="/wiki/Olives" class="mw-redirect" title="Olives">olives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a>. Since the olives had to be counted, residents of other cities started to call the inhabitants 'Khumsi' (Quinary), from which the name Khums derived.<sup id="cite_ref-libyan4native.wordpress.com_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libyan4native.wordpress.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Khums could be an Arabic translation to the Greek word <a href="/wiki/Pentapolis" title="Pentapolis">Pentapolis</a> which means five cities, but this hypothesis is dubious, because Pentapolis and its cities are in <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-libyan4native.wordpress.com_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libyan4native.wordpress.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Another hypothesis is that during the 16th century, al-Khums produced a quintile (20%) of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Tripolitania" title="Ottoman Tripolitania">Ottoman Tripolitania</a> province's olive oil.<sup id="cite_ref-libyan4native.wordpress.com_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libyan4native.wordpress.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya" title="Italian Libya">Italian occupation of Libya</a>, the city was called Homs in official Italian sources. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khums&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leptis_Magna">Leptis Magna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khums&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Leptis Magna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Leptis_Magna" title="Leptis Magna">Leptis Magna</a></div> <p>The city was founded by the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicians</a> around 1000 BCE, who gave it the name <i>Lpqy</i>. Written LPQ (<a href="/wiki/Punic_language" title="Punic language">Punic</a>: 𐤋𐤐𐤒) or LPQY (𐤋𐤐𐤒𐤉). This has been tentatively connected to the <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic</a> <a href="/wiki/Triliteral_root" class="mw-redirect" title="Triliteral root">root</a> (present in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>) LFG, meaning "to build" or "to piece together", presumably in reference to the construction of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Birley-2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birley-2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town did not become prominent until <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a> became a major power in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> in the 4th century BCE. It nominally remained part of Carthage's dominions until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Punic_War" title="Third Punic War">Third Punic War</a> in 146 BCE and then became part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a>. </p><p>Soon <a href="/wiki/Roman_citizenship" title="Roman citizenship">Roman</a> merchants settled in the city and started a profitable commerce with the Libyan interior.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The republic of Rome sent some colonists together with a small garrison in order to control the city. Since then the city started to grow and was even allowed to mint its own coins.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leptis_Magna_Theatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Leptis_Magna_Theatre.jpg/250px-Leptis_Magna_Theatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Leptis_Magna_Theatre.jpg/375px-Leptis_Magna_Theatre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Leptis_Magna_Theatre.jpg/500px-Leptis_Magna_Theatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3447" data-file-height="2277" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Magna" title="Leptis Magna">Leptis Magna</a> in the east of Khums</figcaption></figure> <p>Leptis Magna remained as such until the reign of the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>, when the city and the surrounding area were formally incorporated into the empire as part of the province of <a href="/wiki/Africa_(Roman_province)" title="Africa (Roman province)">Africa</a>. It soon became one of the leading cities of Roman Africa and a major trading post.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Leptis achieved its greatest prominence beginning in 193 CE, when the ethnically <a href="/wiki/Punics" class="mw-redirect" title="Punics">Punic</a> Lucius <a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a> became <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperors">emperor</a>. He favored his hometown above all other provincial cities, and the buildings and wealth he lavished on it made Leptis Magna the third-most important city in Africa, rivaling Carthage and <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>. In 205 CE, he and the imperial family visited the city and received great honors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leptis_Magna_B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Leptis_Magna_B2.jpg/250px-Leptis_Magna_B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Leptis_Magna_B2.jpg/375px-Leptis_Magna_B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Leptis_Magna_B2.jpg/500px-Leptis_Magna_B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>Severan Basilica</figcaption></figure> <p>Among the changes that Severus introduced were to create a magnificent new forum and to rebuild the docks. The natural harbour had a tendency to silt up, but the Severan changes made this worse, and the eastern wharves are extremely well preserved, since they were scarcely used.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Leptis over-extended itself at this period. During the <a href="/wiki/Crisis_of_the_Third_Century" title="Crisis of the Third Century">Crisis of the 3rd Century</a>, when trade declined precipitously, Leptis Magna's importance also fell into a decline, and by the middle of the 4th century, even before it was completely devastated by the <a href="/wiki/365_Crete_earthquake" title="365 Crete earthquake">365 tsunami</a>, large parts of the city had been abandoned. <a href="/wiki/Ammianus_Marcellinus" title="Ammianus Marcellinus">Ammianus Marcellinus</a> recounts that the crisis was worsened by a corrupt Roman governor named Romanus during a major tribal raid who demanded bribes to protect the city. The ruined city could not pay these and complained to the emperor Valentinian. Romanus then bribed people at court and arranged for the Leptan envoys to be punished "for bringing false accusations". It enjoyed a minor renaissance beginning in the reign of the emperor <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 439 CE, Leptis Magna and the rest of the cities of <a href="/wiki/Tripolitania" title="Tripolitania">Tripolitania</a> fell under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a> when their king, <a href="/wiki/Gaiseric" title="Gaiseric">Gaiseric</a>, captured Carthage from the Romans and made it his capital. Unfortunately for the future of Leptis Magna, Gaiseric ordered the city's walls demolished so as to dissuade its people from rebelling against Vandal rule. The people of Leptis and the Vandals both paid a heavy price for this in 523 CE when a group of <a href="/wiki/Berber_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber people">Berber</a> raiders sacked the city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Belisarius" title="Belisarius">Belisarius</a> recaptured Leptis Magna in the name of Rome ten years later, and in 534 CE, he <a href="/wiki/Vandalic_War" title="Vandalic War">destroyed</a> the kingdom of the Vandals. Leptis became a provincial capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (see <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>) but never recovered from the destruction wreaked upon it by the Berbers. It was the site of a massacre of Berber chiefs of the <a href="/wiki/Leuathae" class="mw-redirect" title="Leuathae">Leuathae</a> tribal confederation by the Roman authorities in 543 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Mommsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Mommsen">Theodore Mommsen</a> wrote that under Byzantine rule the city was fully Christian.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the decade 565-578 CE Christian missionaries from Leptis Magna even began to move once more among the <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Amazigh</a> tribes as far south as the <a href="/wiki/Fezzan" title="Fezzan">Fezzan</a> in the Libyan desert and converted the <a href="/wiki/Garamantes" title="Garamantes">Garamantes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the city's decline - linked even to the Sahara's <a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">desertification</a> - continued, even though new churches were built,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the time of the Arab conquest of Tripolitania in the 650s, the city was nearly abandoned except for a Byzantine garrison force. </p><p>The progressive growth of arid land around Leptis reduced its importance and the port was blocked by the accumulation of sand. As a consequence, when Arabs arrived around 640 CE and later conquered Leptis, they found only a little garrison and a small city of less than 1,000 inhabitants. Due to further decline, Leptis disappeared: by the 10th century the city was forgotten and fully covered by sand.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_rule">Islamic rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khums&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Islamic rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leptis Magna and <a href="/wiki/Tripolitania" title="Tripolitania">Tripolitania</a> were conquered by <a href="/wiki/%27Amr_ibn_al-%27As" class="mw-redirect" title="'Amr ibn al-'As">Amr ibn al-Aas</a> and soon after that, a lot of Arabs settled in the city near the ruins of Leptis Magna while most of the native <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berber</a> tribes living there converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the next few centuries the control of the city shifted between <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zirid_dynasty" title="Zirid dynasty">Zirids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Africa" title="Kingdom of Africa">Kingdom of Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad Caliphate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hafsid_dynasty" title="Hafsid dynasty">Hafsids</a> before falling under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a> in the 1550s. </p><p>The city became the capital of The Fifth <a href="/wiki/Sanjak" title="Sanjak">Sanjak</a> (which included the cities of <a href="/wiki/Misurata" class="mw-redirect" title="Misurata">Misurata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zliten" title="Zliten">Zliten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bani_Walid" title="Bani Walid">Bani Walid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Msalata" class="mw-redirect" title="Msalata">Msalata</a>), an administrative division of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Tripolitania" title="Ottoman Tripolitania">Ottoman Tripolitania</a> until <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Defeat_and_dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire">defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_Libya">Italian Libya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khums&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Italian Libya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MurqubMonument.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/27/MurqubMonument.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="259" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="259" /></a><figcaption>"Murqub Martyrs Monument" in Khums</figcaption></figure> <p>The Italians colonized Libya in 1911, and on 10 October of the same year a major battle between natives and Italian Army occurred in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murqub_Castle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murqub Castle (page does not exist)">Murqub Castle</a> in Khums and another on in the same place on 27 February 1912. Both battles named <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Murqub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Murqub (page does not exist)">Battle of Murqub</a> are considered as two of the most important battles during the Italian colonizing of Libya. <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a> later claimed that his grandfather died in one of the two battle.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Libya remained under Italian rule until <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p><p>During World War II Khums was occupied by <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">the Allies</a> and from 1942 until 1951, when Libya gained independence, Tripolitania and the region of Cyrenaica were administered by the British Military Administration. Italy formally renounced its claim upon the territory in 1947. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libyan_Independence_and_Gaddafi_regime">Libyan Independence and Gaddafi regime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khums&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Libyan Independence and Gaddafi regime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bashir_Saadawi" title="Bashir Saadawi">Bashir Saadawi</a>, born in Khums, was one of the major figures who contributed to Libyan independence. He was the founder of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Congress_Party_(Libya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Congress Party (Libya) (page does not exist)">National Congress Party</a> which supported a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a> instead of a <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a>. When <a href="/wiki/King_Idris_I" class="mw-redirect" title="King Idris I">King Idris I</a> was crowned as King of Libya, all political parties were disbanded and Saadawi was exiled to <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> where he remained until his death on 17 January 1957. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emir_Idris_%26_Bashir_Saadwi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Emir_Idris_%26_Bashir_Saadwi.jpg/220px-Emir_Idris_%26_Bashir_Saadwi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Emir_Idris_%26_Bashir_Saadwi.jpg/330px-Emir_Idris_%26_Bashir_Saadwi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Emir_Idris_%26_Bashir_Saadwi.jpg/440px-Emir_Idris_%26_Bashir_Saadwi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="1026" /></a><figcaption>Bashir Saadawi (second right) along with <a href="/wiki/King_Idris_I" class="mw-redirect" title="King Idris I">King Idris</a> (Far Right).</figcaption></figure> <p>Khums remained part of Tripolitania province until 1962 when the <a href="/wiki/Federal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal system">Federal system</a> canceled and replaced by <a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Libya" title="Governorates of Libya"><i>Muhafazah</i> governorates system</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Muhafazah" title="Muhafazah">muhafazah</a></i>) system, and this system remained even after the <a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1969 Libyan coup d'état">1969 coup d'état</a> and through the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Arab Republic">Libyan Arab Republic</a>, until superseded by the 1983 <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Libya" title="Districts of Libya"><i>Baladiyat</i> districts system</a>. The baladiyat system was itself dropped in 1995 and replaced by thirteen districts named shabiyat. Despite the changes, Khums remained as a separate district under the name of al-Khums or Murqub. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libyan_Civil_War">Libyan Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khums&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Libyan Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Civil War 2011">Libyan Civil War 2011</a></div> <p>Khums remained under control of Gaddafi forces through most of the war until rebels from <a href="/wiki/Misrata" title="Misrata">Misrata</a> entered and captured the city on 23 August before moving on to Tripoli.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khums&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Khums has a <a href="/wiki/Hot_desert_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot desert climate">hot desert climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>BWh</i>). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Al-Khums, Libya (1996–2008) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">179.8 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">200.6 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">257.3 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">240.0 </td> <td style="background: #F0F011; color:#000000;" class="notheme">310.0 </td> <td style="background: #F7F722; color:#000000;" class="notheme">330.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF36; color:#000000;" class="notheme">378.2 </td> <td style="background: #F7F720; color:#000000;" class="notheme">337.9 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">276.0 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">238.7 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">219.0 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">179.8 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,147.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #F1F113; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #F9F924; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #F8F823; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a><sup id="cite_ref-DWD_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Al-Khums_municipality">Al-Khums municipality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khums&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Al-Khums municipality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Khums municipality was once part of <a href="/wiki/Murqub_District" title="Murqub District">Murqub District</a> and its capital, since 2013 the <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Libya#22_districts_(2007)" title="Districts of Libya">22 Shabiya</a> divided into <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Libya">90 Municipalities</a>; and so al-Khums was separated from <a href="/wiki/Zliten" title="Zliten">Zliten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Khums&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, al-Khums Municipality consists of some small towns on the outskirts of al-Khums Centre, including Lebda, Al-jahawat, Seleen, El-Sahel and Suuq El-Khamis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khums&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's main <a href="/wiki/Football_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Association">football</a> club is <a href="/wiki/Al_Khums_S.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Al Khums S.C.">al-Khums SC</a> which currently plays in <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Premier_League" title="Libyan Premier League">Libyan Premier League</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khums&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Septimius_Severus_Glyptothek_Munich_357.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Septimius_Severus_Glyptothek_Munich_357.jpg/150px-Septimius_Severus_Glyptothek_Munich_357.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Septimius_Severus_Glyptothek_Munich_357.jpg/225px-Septimius_Severus_Glyptothek_Munich_357.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Septimius_Severus_Glyptothek_Munich_357.jpg/300px-Septimius_Severus_Glyptothek_Munich_357.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="2409" /></a><figcaption>Septimius Severus at <a href="/wiki/Glyptothek" title="Glyptothek">Glyptothek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a>: The 21st Emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> was born in Leptis Magna. He was the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Severan_dynasty" title="Severan dynasty">Severan dynasty</a>, the last dynasty of the empire before the <a href="/wiki/Crisis_of_the_Third_Century" title="Crisis of the Third Century">Crisis of the Third Century</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Pope Victor I</a>: was <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Rome">Bishop of Rome</a>, and hence a <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a>, in the late second century. He was of <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berber</a> origin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashir_Saadawi" title="Bashir Saadawi">Bashir Saadawi</a>: A major figure in Libya <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">independence</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a>: Lived in a hotel in the city a year between 1979 and 1980 after his exile from <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> in the end of the <a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_Al_Rewani" class="mw-redirect" title="Salem Al Rewani">Salem Al Rewani</a>: A former <a href="/wiki/Libya_national_football_team" title="Libya national football team">Libyan</a> international player and <a href="/wiki/Al-Ittihad_Club_(Tripoli)" title="Al-Ittihad Club (Tripoli)">Al-Ittihad</a> legend.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Schifano" title="Mario Schifano">Mario Schifano</a>: Italian Pop artist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Hassan_(Libyan_musician)" title="Mohamed Hassan (Libyan musician)">Mohamed Hassan</a>: Libyan musician famous throughout North Africa.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Port_and_transport">Port and transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khums&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Port and transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Khums has a small port for <a href="/wiki/Bulk_carriers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulk carriers">bulk carriers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Container_ship" title="Container ship">containers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Car_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Car carrier">car carriers</a>. It has an entrance channel of depth 13 metres and an <a href="/wiki/Anchorage_(maritime)" title="Anchorage (maritime)">anchorage</a> with a depth 10 meters. The port itself consists of nine medium-sized berths (numbers 12 to 19) with lengths ranging from 75 to 530 meters and maximum <a href="/wiki/Draft_(hull)" title="Draft (hull)">drafts</a> ranging from 8 to 12 meters depending on the berth.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2018, the container ship <i>Maersk Alexander</i> rescued 113 refugees in the Mediterranean sea during her voyage en route from al-Khums to <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ship had been directed to do so by <a href="/wiki/Maritime_rescue_coordination_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime rescue coordination centre">MRCC</a> <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> after a <a href="/wiki/Distress_signal" title="Distress signal">distress</a> message was received from the boat with 113 refugees.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After an initial refusal of permission to berth at <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, the refugees were subsequently disembarked at the Italian port of Pozallo.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khums&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Libya" title="List of cities in Libya">List of cities in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_stations_in_Libya" title="Railway stations in Libya">Railway stations in Libya</a> - proposed</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khums&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wolfram-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wolfram_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wolfram_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wolfram_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=al%20Hums,%20Libya">"Wolfram-Alpha: Computational Knowledge Engine"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wolfram-Alpha%3A+Computational+Knowledge+Engine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wolframalpha.com%2Finput%2F%3Fi%3Dal%2520Hums%2C%2520Libya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Khums" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff (1972) "Al Khums" <i>Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.) Merriam, Springfield, Mass., p. 33, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11616186">11616186</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/317074/Al-Khums">"Al-Khums - Libya"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Al-Khums+-+Libya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F317074%2FAl-Khums&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Khums" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fisher,_Morris_1985_page_88-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fisher,_Morris_1985_page_88_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fisher, Morris (1985) <i>Provinces and provincial capitals of the world</i> (2nd edition) Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, New Jersey, page 88, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-1758-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-1758-6">0-8108-1758-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-libyan4native.wordpress.com-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-libyan4native.wordpress.com_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-libyan4native.wordpress.com_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-libyan4native.wordpress.com_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-libyan4native.wordpress.com_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201121742/https://libyan4native.wordpress.com/%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%85%d8%b3/">"الخمس"</a>. 18 September 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libyan4native.wordpress.com/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B3/">the original</a> on 1 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B3&rft.date=2014-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibyan4native.wordpress.com%2F%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B5%25D9%2588%25D9%2584-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AE%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Khums" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/183">"Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna"</a>. <i>World Heritage List</i>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Heritage+List&rft.atitle=Archaeological+Site+of+Leptis+Magna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Khums" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Birley-2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Birley-2_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Birley, Anthony Richard (1971) <i>Septimius Severus</i> Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pcyPrVltTEkC&pg=PA2">page 2</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-413-26900-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-413-26900-0">0-413-26900-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilvia_Bullo2002" class="citation book cs1">Silvia Bullo (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3gQbIhDjkqkC&pg=PA167"><i>Provincia Africa: le città e il territorio dalla caduta di Cartagine a Nerone</i></a>. L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8265-168-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8265-168-8"><bdi>978-88-8265-168-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Provincia+Africa%3A+le+citt%C3%A0+e+il+territorio+dalla+caduta+di+Cartagine+a+Nerone&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=L%27ERMA+di+BRETSCHNEIDER&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-88-8265-168-8&rft.au=Silvia+Bullo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3gQbIhDjkqkC%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Khums" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Leptis Magna"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Leptis_Magna">"Leptis Magna" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Leptis+Magna&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Khums" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Theodore Mommsen. "The Provinces of the Roman Empire". section:Africa</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrevost2007" class="citation journal cs1">Prevost, Virginie (1 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rhr.revues.org/5401">"Les dernières communautés chrétiennes autochtones d'Afrique du Nord"</a>. <i>Revue de l'Histoire des Religions</i> (4): 461–483. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Frhr.5401">10.4000/rhr.5401</a></span> – via rhr.revues.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+de+l%27Histoire+des+Religions&rft.atitle=Les+derni%C3%A8res+communaut%C3%A9s+chr%C3%A9tiennes+autochtones+d%27Afrique+du+Nord&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=461-483&rft.date=2007-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Frhr.5401&rft.aulast=Prevost&rft.aufirst=Virginie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frhr.revues.org%2F5401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Khums" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLendering" class="citation web cs1">Lendering, Jona. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221421/http://www.livius.org/le-lh/lepcis_magna/byzantine_church.html">"Byzantine Church"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/le-lh/lepcis_magna/byzantine_church.html">the original</a> on 2016-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Byzantine+Church&rft.aulast=Lendering&rft.aufirst=Jona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livius.org%2Fle-lh%2Flepcis_magna%2Fbyzantine_church.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Khums" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Silvia Bullo. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eastern+rebels+press+onwards+to+Tripoli&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera+English&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fvideo%2Fafrica%2F2011%2F08%2F20118233515276905.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Khums" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DWD-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DWD_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_620120_kt.pdf">"Klimatafel von El Khoms (al-Chums, Homs); Tripolitanien / Libyen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world</i> (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseline+climate+means+%281961-1990%29+from+stations+all+over+the+world&rft.atitle=Klimatafel+von+El+Khoms+%28al-Chums%2C+Homs%29%3B+Tripolitanien+%2F+Libyen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDWD%2Fklima%2Fberatung%2Fak%2Fak_620120_kt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Khums" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114826/http://www.ccmce.ly/decisions-laws.html">"Decisions and Laws 12 July 2013 (arabic)"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Danish+cargo+ship+carrying+refugees+allowed+to+dock+in+Italy&rft.date=2018-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2F06%2Fdanish-cargo-ship-carrying-refugees-allowed-dock-italy-180626081632471.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Khums" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/255628/alexander-maersk-berths-in-sicily-disembarks-108-migrants/">"Alexander Maersk Berths in Sicily, Disembarks 108 Migrants"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Alexander+Maersk+Berths+in+Sicily%2C+Disembarks+108+Migrants&rft.date=2018-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldmaritimenews.com%2Farchives%2F255628%2Falexander-maersk-berths-in-sicily-disembarks-108-migrants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Khums" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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title="Libya">Libya</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Capital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Khoms,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoms, Libya">Khoms</a></b></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shabiat_Al_Murgub_since_2007.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the district of Murqub"><img alt="Map of the district of Murqub" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Shabiat_Al_Murgub_since_2007.png/50px-Shabiat_Al_Murgub_since_2007.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Shabiat_Al_Murgub_since_2007.png/75px-Shabiat_Al_Murgub_since_2007.png 1.5x, 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aria-labelledby="Administrative_seats_of_the_districts_of_Libya" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:District_capitals_of_Libya" title="Template:District capitals of Libya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:District_capitals_of_Libya" title="Template talk:District capitals of Libya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:District_capitals_of_Libya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:District capitals of Libya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_seats_of_the_districts_of_Libya" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative seats of <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Libya" title="Districts of Libya">the districts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajdabiya" title="Ajdabiya">Ajdabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jawf,_Libya" title="Al Jawf, Libya">Al Jawf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%98Aziziya" class="mw-redirect" title="‘Aziziya">‘Aziziya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beida,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Beida, Libya">Beida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brak,_Libya" title="Brak, Libya">Brak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna,_Libya" title="Derna, Libya">Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gharian" class="mw-redirect" title="Gharian">Gharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghat,_Libya" title="Ghat, Libya">Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hun,_Libya" title="Hun, Libya">Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoms,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoms, Libya">Khoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marj" title="Marj">Marj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misrata" title="Misrata">Misrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murzuk" title="Murzuk">Murzuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalut" title="Nalut">Nalut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebha">Sebha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobruk" title="Tobruk">Tobruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubari" title="Ubari">Ubari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zawiya,_Libya" title="Zawiya, Libya">Zawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuwara">Zuwara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310381#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310381#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/135023234">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n94025689">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007535419205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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