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id="toc-Studies_in_Paris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studies_in_Paris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Studies in Paris </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studies_in_Paris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_debut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_debut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Literary debut </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_debut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Family </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hetzel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hetzel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Hetzel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hetzel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Later years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_posthumous_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_posthumous_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Death and posthumous publications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_posthumous_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literary_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Literary reception </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English_translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 English translations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_science_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_science_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Relationship with science fiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_science_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Notes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 General sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Online_editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online_editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Online editions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online_editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Jules Verne</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 122 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-122" aria-hidden="true" > 122 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%81%E1%88%8D%E1%88%B5_%E1%89%A8%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%95" title="ጁልስ ቨርን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጁልስ ቨርን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86" title="جول فيرن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جول فيرن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%AC_%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B6" title="Ժիւլ Վեռն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ժիւլ Վեռն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8" title="জুল ভাৰ্ন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জুল ভাৰ্ন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCl_Vern" title="Jül Vern – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Jül Vern" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86" title="ژول ورن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژول ورن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8" title="জুল ভার্ন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জুল ভার্ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Жюль Верн – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Жюль Верн" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Жуль Верн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жуль Верн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Жуль Вэрн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жуль Вэрн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Жул Верн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жул Верн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86" title="جول ڤيرن – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جول ڤيرن" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BD" title="Ιούλιος Βερν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιούλιος Βερν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Verne" title="Julio Verne – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Julio Verne" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86" title="ژول ورن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژول ورن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A5%98_%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B8" title="쥘 베른 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쥘 베른" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC_%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B6" title="Ժյուլ Վեռն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժյուլ Վեռն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8" title="जूल्स वर्न – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जूल्स वर्न" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD,_%D0%96%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Верн, Жюль – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Верн, Жюль" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="ז'ול ורן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'ול ורן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჟიულ ვერნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჟიულ ვერნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Жюль Верн – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жюль Верн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Жюль Верн – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жюль Верн" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iulius_Verne" title="Iulius Verne – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iulius Verne" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDils_Verns" title="Žils Verns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žils Verns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Жил Верн – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жил Верн" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BA" title="ജൂൾസ് വേൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജൂൾസ് വേൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8" title="जुल्स व्हर्न – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जुल्स व्हर्न" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჟიულ ვერნი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჟიულ ვერნი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86" title="جول فيرن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جول فيرن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86" title="ژول ورن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ژول ورن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Жюль Верн – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жюль Верн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%97%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဂျို့စ် ဂေဗီယို ဗမ်းန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျို့စ် ဂေဗီယို ဗမ်းန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8" title="जुल भर्न – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जुल भर्न" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8C" title="ジュール・ヴェルヌ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジュール・ヴェルヌ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਯੂਲ ਵਰਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੂਲ ਵਰਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_Verne" title="Júlio Verne – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Júlio Verne" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD,_%D0%96%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Верн, Жюль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Верн, Жюль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%A4%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%86" title="ژول ڤێرن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژول ڤێرن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Жил Верн – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жил Верн" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D" title="ழூல் வேர்ண் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ழூல் வேர்ண்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Жюль Верн – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Жюль Верн" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99" title="ฌูล แวร์น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฌูล แวร์น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8E%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Жюл Габриэл Верн – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Жюл Габриэл Верн" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Жуль Верн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жуль Верн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86" title="جولس ورن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جولس ورن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%87%D9%84_%DB%8B%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%86" title="ژىيۇل ۋېرن – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ژىيۇل ۋېرن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jules Verne" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3" title="儒勒·凡尔纳 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="儒勒·凡尔纳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the French writer. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jules Verne (disambiguation)">Jules Verne (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Jules Verne</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Jules_Verne_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait c. 1884"><img alt="Portrait c. 1884" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Jules_Verne_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat.jpg/220px-Jules_Verne_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Jules_Verne_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat.jpg/330px-Jules_Verne_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Jules_Verne_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat.jpg/440px-Jules_Verne_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2029" data-file-height="2879" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Portrait <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1884</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">(1828-02-08)8 February 1828 <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Kingdom of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">24 March 1905(1905-03-24) (aged 77) <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Cimetière de La Madeleine, <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Writer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li>Science fiction</li><li>children's books</li><li>novel</li><li>novella</li><li>drama</li><li>poetry</li><li>song</li><li>autobiography</li><li>non-fiction</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a>/<a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_Eighty_Days" title="Around the World in Eighty Days">Around the World in Eighty Days</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth">Journey to the Center of the Earth</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Seas" title="Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas">Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Mysterious_Island" title="The Mysterious Island">The Mysterious Island</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/From_the_Earth_to_the_Moon" title="From the Earth to the Moon">From the Earth to the Moon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_the_Castaways" title="In Search of the Castaways">In Search of the Castaways</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> – Officer 1892 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Honorine Anne Hébée du Fraysne de Viane</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1857)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Valentine Morel (stepdaughter) Suzanne Morel (stepdaughter) <a href="/wiki/Michel_Verne" title="Michel Verne">Michel Verne</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Firma_de_Julio_Verne.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Firma_de_Julio_Verne.svg/150px-Firma_de_Julio_Verne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Firma_de_Julio_Verne.svg/225px-Firma_de_Julio_Verne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Firma_de_Julio_Verne.svg/300px-Firma_de_Julio_Verne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="145" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Jules Gabriel Verne (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/vɜːrn/</a>;<a href="#cite_note-JCW-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>French: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʒyl ɡabʁijɛl vɛʁn]</a>; 8 February 1828 – 24 March 1905)<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-4">[3]</a> was a French novelist, poet, and playwright. His collaboration with the publisher <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Jules_Hetzel" title="Pierre-Jules Hetzel">Pierre-Jules Hetzel</a> led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Voyages_extraordinaires" title="Voyages extraordinaires">Voyages extraordinaires</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-4">[3]</a> a series of bestselling adventure novels including <a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth">Journey to the Center of the Earth</a> (1864), <a href="/wiki/Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Seas" title="Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas">Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas</a> (1870), and <a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_Eighty_Days" title="Around the World in Eighty Days">Around the World in Eighty Days</a> (1872). His novels, always well-researched according to the scientific knowledge then available, are generally set in the second half of the 19th century, taking into account the technological advances of the time. In addition to his novels, he wrote numerous plays, short stories, autobiographical accounts, poetry, songs, and scientific, artistic, and literary studies. His work has been adapted for film and television since the beginning of cinema, as well as for comic books, theater, opera, music and video games. Verne is considered to be an important author in France and most of Europe, where he has had a wide influence on the literary <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAngenot197334-5">[4]</a> His reputation was markedly different in the <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">Anglosphere</a> where he had often been labeled a writer of <a href="/wiki/Genre_fiction" title="Genre fiction">genre fiction</a> or children's books, largely because of the highly abridged and altered <a href="#English_translations">translations</a> in which his novels have often been printed. Since the 1980s, his literary reputation has improved.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200033-6">[5]</a> Jules Verne has been the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_translated_individual_authors" title="List of most translated individual authors">second most-translated author in the world</a> since 1979, ranking below <a href="/wiki/Agatha_Christie" title="Agatha Christie">Agatha Christie</a> and above <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNESCO2013-7">[6]</a> He has sometimes been called the "father of science fiction", a title that has also been given to <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Gernsback" title="Hugo Gernsback">Hugo Gernsback</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Roberts48-8">[7]</a> In the 2010s, he was the most translated French author in the world. In France, 2005 was declared "Jules Verne Year" on the occasion of the centenary of the writer's death. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Verne was born on 8 February 1828, on Île Feydeau, a then small artificial island on the river <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a> within the town of <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (later filled in and incorporated into the surrounding land area), in No. 4 Rue Olivier-de-Clisson, the house of his maternal grandmother Dame Sophie Marie Adélaïde Julienne Allotte de La Fuÿe (born Guillochet de La Perrière).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButcher20065–6-9">[8]</a> His parents were Pierre Verne, an <a href="/wiki/Avou%C3%A9" title="Avoué">avoué</a> originally from <a href="/wiki/Provins" title="Provins">Provins</a>, and Sophie Allotte de La Fuÿe, a Nantes woman from a local family of navigators and shipowners, of distant <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> descent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButcher2007-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-fuye-11">[b]</a> In 1829, the Verne family moved some hundred metres away to No. 2 Quai Jean-Bart, where Verne's brother Paul was born the same year. Three sisters, Anne "Anna" (1836), Mathilde (1839), and Marie (1842), followed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButcher2007-10">[9]</a> In 1834, at the age of six, Verne was sent to boarding school at 5 Place du Bouffay in Nantes. The teacher, Madame Sambin, was the widow of a naval captain who had disappeared some 30 years before.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne19763-12">[10]</a> Madame Sambin often told the students that her husband was a shipwrecked castaway and that he would eventually return like <a href="/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe" title="Robinson Crusoe">Robinson Crusoe</a> from his desert island paradise.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllotte_de_la_Fuÿe195620-13">[11]</a> The theme of the <a href="/wiki/Robinsonade" title="Robinsonade">robinsonade</a> would stay with Verne throughout his life and appear in many of his novels, some of which include <a href="/wiki/The_Mysterious_Island" title="The Mysterious Island">The Mysterious Island</a> (1874), <a href="/wiki/Second_Fatherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Fatherland">Second Fatherland</a> (1900), and <a href="/wiki/The_School_for_Robinsons" class="mw-redirect" title="The School for Robinsons">The School for Robinsons</a> (1882). In 1836, Verne went on to École Saint‑Stanislas, a Catholic school suiting the pious religious tastes of his father. Verne quickly distinguished himself in mémoire (recitation from memory), geography, Greek, Latin, and singing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann19969-14">[12]</a> In the same year, 1836, Pierre Verne bought a vacation house at 29 Rue des Réformés in the village of Chantenay (now part of Nantes) on the Loire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETerres_d'écrivains2003-15">[13]</a> In his brief memoir Souvenirs d'enfance et de jeunesse (Memories of Childhood and Youth, 1890), Verne recalled a deep fascination with the river and with the many <a href="/wiki/Merchant_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant vessel">merchant vessels</a> navigating it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerne1890§2-16">[14]</a> He also took vacations at <a href="/wiki/Brains,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Brains, Loire-Atlantique">Brains</a>, in the house of his uncle Prudent Allotte, a retired shipowner, who had gone around the world and served as mayor of Brains from 1828 to 1837. Verne took joy in playing interminable rounds of the <a href="/wiki/Game_of_the_Goose" title="Game of the Goose">Game of the Goose</a> with his uncle, and both the game and his uncle's name would be memorialized in two late novels (<a href="/wiki/The_Will_of_an_Eccentric" title="The Will of an Eccentric">The Will of an Eccentric</a> (1900) and <a href="/wiki/Robur_the_Conqueror" title="Robur the Conqueror">Robur the Conqueror</a> (1886), respectively).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerne1890§2-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECompère1997b35-17">[15]</a> Legend has it that in 1839, at the age of 11, Verne secretly procured a spot as <a href="/wiki/Cabin_boy" title="Cabin boy">cabin boy</a> on the three-mast ship Coralie with the intention of traveling to the Indies and bringing back a coral necklace for his cousin Caroline. The evening the ship set out for the Indies, it stopped first at <a href="/wiki/Paimboeuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Paimboeuf">Paimboeuf</a> where Pierre Verne arrived just in time to catch his son and make him promise to travel "only in his imagination".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllotte_de_la_Fuÿe195626-18">[16]</a> It is now known that the legend is an exaggerated tale invented by Verne's first biographer, his niece Marguerite Allotte de la Füye, though it may have been inspired by a real incident.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPérezde_VriesMargot2008[httpswebarchiveorgweb20011204170333httpsjvgileadorgilFAQC9_C9]-19">[17]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nantes_-_lyc%C3%A9e_Clemenceau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Nantes_-_lyc%C3%A9e_Clemenceau.jpg/220px-Nantes_-_lyc%C3%A9e_Clemenceau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Nantes_-_lyc%C3%A9e_Clemenceau.jpg/330px-Nantes_-_lyc%C3%A9e_Clemenceau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Nantes_-_lyc%C3%A9e_Clemenceau.jpg/440px-Nantes_-_lyc%C3%A9e_Clemenceau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The Lycée Royal in Nantes (now the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Georges_Clemenceau_(Nantes)" title="Lycée Georges Clemenceau (Nantes)">Georges-Clemenceau</a>), where Verne studied</figcaption></figure> In 1840, the Vernes moved again to a large apartment at No. 6 Rue Jean-Jacques-Rousseau, where the family's youngest child, Marie, was born in 1842.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETerres_d'écrivains2003-15">[13]</a> In the same year Verne entered another religious school, the Petit Séminaire de Saint-Donatien, as a lay student. His unfinished novel Un prêtre en 1839 (<a href="/wiki/A_Priest_in_1839" title="A Priest in 1839">A Priest in 1839</a>), written in his teens and the earliest of his prose works to survive,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199617-20">[18]</a> describes the seminary in disparaging terms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann19969-14">[12]</a> From 1844 to 1846, Verne and his brother were enrolled in the Lycée Royal (now the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Georges_Clemenceau_(Nantes)" title="Lycée Georges Clemenceau (Nantes)">Lycée Georges-Clemenceau</a>) in Nantes. After finishing classes in rhetoric and philosophy, he took the <a href="/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at" title="Baccalauréat">baccalauréat</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> and received the grade "Good Enough" on 29 July 1846.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECompère1997a20-21">[19]</a> By 1847, when Verne was 19, he had taken seriously to writing long works in the style of <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>, beginning Un prêtre en 1839 and seeing two verse tragedies, Alexandre VI and La Conspiration des poudres (The Gunpowder Plot), to completion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199617-20">[18]</a> However, his father took it for granted that Verne, being the firstborn son of the family, would not attempt to make money in literature but would instead inherit the family law practice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199619-22">[20]</a> In 1847, Verne's father sent him to Paris, primarily to begin his studies in law school, and secondarily (according to family legend) to distance him temporarily from Nantes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197610-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199614-24">[22]</a> His cousin Caroline, with whom he was in love, was married on 27 April 1847, to Émile Dezaunay, a man of 40, with whom she would have five children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1973-25">[23]</a> After a short stay in Paris, where he passed first-year law exams, Verne returned to Nantes for his father's help in preparing for the second year. (Provincial law students were in that era required to go to Paris to take exams.)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECompère1997c41-26">[24]</a> While in Nantes, he met Rose Herminie Arnaud Grossetière, a young woman one year his senior, and fell intensely in love with her. He wrote and dedicated some thirty poems to her, including La Fille de l'air (The Daughter of Air), which describes her as "blonde and enchanting / winged and transparent".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199614–15-27">[25]</a> His passion seems to have been reciprocated, at least for a short time,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199614-24">[22]</a> but Grossetière's parents frowned upon the idea of their daughter marrying a young student of uncertain future. They married her instead to Armand Terrien de la Haye, a rich landowner ten years her senior, on 19 July 1848.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1974-28">[26]</a> The sudden marriage sent Verne into deep frustration. He wrote a hallucinatory letter to his mother, apparently composed in a state of half-drunkenness, in which under pretext of a dream he described his misery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199624-29">[27]</a> This requited but aborted love affair seems to have permanently marked the author and his work, and his novels include a significant number of young women married against their will (Gérande in <a href="/wiki/Master_Zacharius" title="Master Zacharius">Master Zacharius</a> (1854), Sava in <a href="/wiki/Mathias_Sandorf" title="Mathias Sandorf">Mathias Sandorf</a> (1885), Ellen in <a href="/wiki/A_Floating_City" title="A Floating City">A Floating City</a> (1871), etc.), to such an extent that the scholar Christian Chelebourg attributed the recurring theme to a "Herminie complex".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChelebourg1986-30">[28]</a> The incident also led Verne to bear a grudge against his birthplace and Nantes society, which he criticized in his poem La sixième ville de France (The Sixth City of France).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199616-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerne2000-32">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studies_in_Paris">Studies in Paris</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Studies in Paris">edit</a>]</div> In July 1848, Verne left Nantes again for Paris, where his father intended him to finish law studies and take up law as a profession. He obtained permission from his father to rent a furnished apartment at 24 Rue de l'Ancienne-Comédie, which he shared with Édouard Bonamy, another student of Nantes origin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199624-29">[27]</a> (On his 1847 Paris visit, Verne had stayed at 2 Rue Thérèse, the house of his aunt Charuel, on the Butte Saint-Roch.)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECompère1997c42-33">[31]</a> Verne arrived in Paris during a time of political upheaval: the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848" title="French Revolution of 1848">French Revolution of 1848</a>. In February, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a> had been overthrown and had fled; on 24 February, a provisional government of the <a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">French Second Republic</a> took power, but political demonstrations continued, and social tension remained. In June, barricades went up in Paris, and the government sent <a href="/wiki/Louis-Eug%C3%A8ne_Cavaignac" title="Louis-Eugène Cavaignac">Louis-Eugène Cavaignac</a> to crush the insurrection. Verne entered the city shortly before the election of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte</a> as the first president of the Republic, a state of affairs that would last until the <a href="/wiki/1851_French_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1851 French coup d'état">French coup of 1851</a>. In a letter to his family, Verne described the bombarded state of the city after the recent <a href="/wiki/June_Days_uprising" title="June Days uprising">June Days uprising</a> but assured them that the anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a> had gone by without any significant conflict.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197612-34">[32]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aristide_Hignard_1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aristide_Hignard_1880.jpg/170px-Aristide_Hignard_1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aristide_Hignard_1880.jpg/255px-Aristide_Hignard_1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aristide_Hignard_1880.jpg/340px-Aristide_Hignard_1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="673" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Hignard" title="Aristide Hignard">Aristide Hignard</a></figcaption></figure> Verne used his family connections to make an entrance into Paris society. His uncle Francisque de Chatêaubourg introduced him into <a href="/wiki/Literary_salon" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary salon">literary salons</a>, and Verne particularly frequented those of Mme de Barrère, a friend of his mother's.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197617-35">[33]</a> While continuing his law studies, he fed his passion for the theater, writing numerous plays. Verne later recalled: "I was greatly under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>, indeed, very excited by reading and re-reading his works. At that time I could have recited by heart whole pages of <a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre-Dame" title="The Hunchback of Notre-Dame">Notre Dame de Paris</a>, but it was his dramatic work that most influenced me."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherard1894§3-36">[34]</a> Another source of creative stimulation came from a neighbor: living on the same floor in the Rue de l'Ancienne-Comédie apartment house was a young composer, <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Hignard" title="Aristide Hignard">Aristide Hignard</a>, with whom Verne soon became good friends, and Verne wrote several texts for Hignard to set as <a href="/wiki/Chanson" title="Chanson">chansons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199632-37">[35]</a> During this period, Verne's letters to his parents primarily focused on expenses and on a suddenly appearing series of violent <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_pain" title="Abdominal pain">stomach cramps</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199625-38">[36]</a> the first of many he would suffer from during his life. (Modern scholars have hypothesized that he suffered from <a href="/wiki/Colitis" title="Colitis">colitis</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199625-38">[36]</a> Verne believed the illness to have been inherited from his mother's side.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumas1988372-39">[37]</a>) Rumors of an outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> in March 1849 exacerbated these medical concerns.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199625-38">[36]</a> Yet another health problem would strike in 1851 when Verne suffered the first of four attacks of <a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve_paralysis" title="Facial nerve paralysis">facial paralysis</a>. These attacks, rather than being <a href="/wiki/Psychosomatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychosomatic">psychosomatic</a>, were due to an inflammation in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_ear" title="Middle ear">middle ear</a>, though this cause remained unknown to Verne during his life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumas200051-40">[38]</a> In the same year, Verne was required to enlist in the French army, but the <a href="/wiki/Sortition" title="Sortition">sortition</a> process spared him, to his great relief. He wrote to his father: "You should already know, dear papa, what I think of the military life, and of these domestic servants in livery. ... You have to abandon all dignity to perform such functions."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199629-41">[39]</a> Verne's strong antiwar sentiments, to the dismay of his father, would remain steadfast throughout his life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199629-41">[39]</a> Though writing profusely and frequenting the salons, Verne diligently pursued his law studies and graduated with a licence en droit in January 1851.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198817-42">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_debut">Literary debut</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Literary debut">edit</a>]</div> Thanks to his visits to salons, Verne came into contact in 1849 with <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a> through the mutual acquaintance of a celebrated <a href="/wiki/Chirologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Chirologist">chirologist</a> of the time, the Chevalier d'Arpentigny.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198817-42">[40]</a> Verne became close friends with Dumas' son, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas_fils" title="Alexandre Dumas fils">Alexandre Dumas fils</a>, and showed him a manuscript for a stage comedy, Les Pailles rompues (The Broken Straws). The two young men revised the play together, and Dumas, through arrangements with his father, had it produced by the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-National" title="Opéra-National">Opéra-National</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Historique" title="Théâtre Historique">Théâtre Historique</a> in Paris, opening on 12 June 1850.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDekissDehs199929-43">[41]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Mus%C3%A9e_des_familles_1854-1855.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Le_Mus%C3%A9e_des_familles_1854-1855.jpg/170px-Le_Mus%C3%A9e_des_familles_1854-1855.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Le_Mus%C3%A9e_des_familles_1854-1855.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="224" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>Cover of an 1854–55 issue of <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_familles" title="Musée des familles">Musée des familles</a></figcaption></figure> In 1851, Verne met with a fellow writer from Nantes, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Michel-Fran%C3%A7ois_Chevalier" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre-Michel-François Chevalier">Pierre-Michel-François Chevalier</a> (known as "Pitre-Chevalier"), the editor-in-chief of the magazine <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_familles" title="Musée des familles">Musée des familles</a> (The Family Museum).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199637-44">[42]</a> Pitre-Chevalier was looking for articles about geography, history, science, and technology, and was keen to make sure that the educational component would be made accessible to large popular audiences using a straightforward prose style or an engaging fictional story. Verne, with his delight in diligent research, especially in geography, was a natural for the job.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198818-45">[43]</a> Verne first offered him a short <a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">historical</a> <a href="/wiki/Adventure_story" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventure story">adventure story</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Drama_in_Mexico" title="A Drama in Mexico">The First Ships of the Mexican Navy</a>, written in the style of <a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">James Fenimore Cooper</a>, whose novels had deeply influenced him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199637-44">[42]</a> Pitre-Chevalier published it in July 1851, and in the same year published a second short story by Verne, <a href="/wiki/A_Voyage_in_a_Balloon" class="mw-redirect" title="A Voyage in a Balloon">A Voyage in a Balloon</a> (August 1851). The latter story, with its combination of adventurous narrative, travel themes, and detailed historical research, would later be described by Verne as "the first indication of the line of novel that I was destined to follow".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherard1894§3-36">[34]</a> Dumas fils put Verne in contact with Jules Seveste, a stage director who had taken over the directorship of the Théâtre Historique and renamed it the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Lyrique" title="Théâtre Lyrique">Théâtre Lyrique</a>. Seveste offered Verne the job of secretary of the theater, with little or no salary attached.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButcher2007-10">[9]</a> Verne accepted, using the opportunity to write and produce several comic operas written in collaboration with Hignard and the prolific <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">librettist</a> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Carr%C3%A9" title="Michel Carré">Michel Carré</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199653,_58-46">[44]</a> To celebrate his employment at the Théâtre Lyrique, Verne joined with ten friends to found a bachelors' dining club, the Onze-sans-femme (Eleven Bachelors).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197627-47">[45]</a> For some time, Verne's father pressed him to abandon his writing and begin a business as a lawyer. However, Verne argued in his letters that he could only find success in literature.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199638-48">[46]</a> The pressure to plan for a secure future in law reached its climax in January 1852, when his father offered Verne his own Nantes law practice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199646–47-49">[47]</a> Faced with this ultimatum, Verne decided conclusively to continue his literary life and refuse the job, writing: "Am I not right to follow my own instincts? It's because I know who I am that I realize what I can be one day."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199647-50">[48]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arago,_Jacques_(colored).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Arago%2C_Jacques_%28colored%29.jpg/170px-Arago%2C_Jacques_%28colored%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Arago%2C_Jacques_%28colored%29.jpg/255px-Arago%2C_Jacques_%28colored%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Arago%2C_Jacques_%28colored%29.jpg/340px-Arago%2C_Jacques_%28colored%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Arago" title="Jacques Arago">Jacques Arago</a></figcaption></figure> Meanwhile, Verne was spending much time at the <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>, conducting research for his stories and feeding his passion for science and recent discoveries, especially in <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>. It was in this period that Verne met the illustrious geographer and explorer <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Arago" title="Jacques Arago">Jacques Arago</a>, who continued to travel extensively despite his blindness (he had lost his sight completely in 1837). The two men became good friends, and Arago's innovative and witty accounts of his travels led Verne toward a newly developing genre of literature: that of <a href="/wiki/Travel_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel writing">travel writing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDekissDehs199930–31-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199639–40-52">[50]</a> In 1852, two new pieces from Verne appeared in the Musée des familles: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Paz" title="Martin Paz">Martin Paz</a>, a novella set in <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, which Verne wrote in 1851 and published 10 July through 11 August 1852, and Les Châteaux en Californie, ou, Pierre qui roule n'amasse pas mousse (The Castles in California, or, A Rolling Stone Gathers No Moss), a one-act comedy full of racy <a href="/wiki/Double_entendre" title="Double entendre">double entendres</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargot2005151-53">[51]</a> In April and May 1854, the magazine published Verne's short story <a href="/wiki/Master_Zacharius" title="Master Zacharius">Master Zacharius</a>, an <a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">E. T. A. Hoffmann</a>-like fantasy featuring a sharp condemnation of scientific <a href="/wiki/Hubris" title="Hubris">hubris</a> and ambition,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199657-54">[52]</a> followed soon afterward by <a href="/wiki/A_Winter_Amid_the_Ice" class="mw-redirect" title="A Winter Amid the Ice">A Winter Amid the Ice</a>, a polar adventure story whose themes closely anticipated many of Verne's novels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199658-55">[53]</a> The Musée also published some nonfiction <a href="/wiki/Popular_science" title="Popular science">popular science</a> articles which, though unsigned, are generally attributed to Verne.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198818-45">[43]</a> Verne's work for the magazine was cut short in 1856 when he had a serious quarrel with Pitre-Chevalier and refused to continue contributing (a refusal he would maintain until 1863, when Pitre-Chevalier died, and the magazine went to new editorship).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198819-56">[54]</a> While writing stories and articles for Pitre-Chevalier, Verne began to form the idea of inventing a new kind of novel, a "Roman de la Science" ("novel of science"), which would allow him to incorporate large amounts of the factual information he so enjoyed researching in the Bibliothèque. He is said to have discussed the project with the elder Alexandre Dumas, who had tried something similar with an unfinished novel, Isaac Laquedem, and who enthusiastically encouraged Verne's project.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198818–19-57">[55]</a> At the end of 1854, another outbreak of cholera led to the death of Jules Seveste, Verne's employer at the Théâtre Lyrique and by then a good friend.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199658-55">[53]</a> Though his contract only held him to a further year of service, Verne remained connected to the theater for several years after Seveste's death, seeing additional productions to fruition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197637-58">[56]</a> He also continued to write plays and musical comedies, most of which were not performed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198819-56">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Family">edit</a>]</div> In May 1856, Verne traveled to <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> to be the <a href="/wiki/Best_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Best man">best man</a> at the wedding of a Nantes friend, Auguste Lelarge, to an Amiens woman named Aimée du Fraysne de Viane. Verne, invited to stay with the bride's family, took to them warmly, befriending the entire household and finding himself increasingly attracted to the bride's sister, Honorine Anne Hébée Morel (née du Fraysne de Viane), a widow aged 26 with two young children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197640–41-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199666–67-60">[58]</a> Hoping to find a secure source of income, as well as a chance to court Morel in earnest, he jumped at her brother's offer to go into business with a broker.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197642–43-61">[59]</a> Verne's father was initially dubious but gave in to his son's requests for approval in November 1856. With his financial situation finally looking promising, Verne won the favor of Morel and her family, and the couple were married on 10 January 1857.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197644-62">[60]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Musee_Jules_Vernes_-_Butte_Saint-Anne_-_Nantes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Musee_Jules_Vernes_-_Butte_Saint-Anne_-_Nantes.jpg/170px-Musee_Jules_Vernes_-_Butte_Saint-Anne_-_Nantes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Musee_Jules_Vernes_-_Butte_Saint-Anne_-_Nantes.jpg/255px-Musee_Jules_Vernes_-_Butte_Saint-Anne_-_Nantes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Musee_Jules_Vernes_-_Butte_Saint-Anne_-_Nantes.jpg/340px-Musee_Jules_Vernes_-_Butte_Saint-Anne_-_Nantes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_Museum" title="Jules Verne Museum">Jules Verne Museum</a>, Butte Saint-Anne, Nantes, France</figcaption></figure> Verne plunged into his new business obligations, leaving his work at the Théâtre Lyrique and taking up a full-time job as an agent de change<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198819-56">[54]</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Bourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Bourse">Paris Bourse</a>, where he became the associate of the broker Fernand Eggly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199676–78-63">[61]</a> Verne woke up early each morning so that he would have time to write, before going to the Bourse for the day's work; in the rest of his spare time, he continued to consort with the Onze-Sans-Femme club (all eleven of its "bachelors" had by this time married). He also continued to frequent the Bibliothèque to do scientific and historical research, much of which he copied onto notecards for future use—a system he would continue for the rest of his life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198819-56">[54]</a> According to the recollections of a colleague, Verne "did better in repartee than in business".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199676–78-63">[61]</a> In July 1858, Verne and Aristide Hignard seized an opportunity offered by Hignard's brother: a sea voyage, at no charge, from <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> to <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> and Scotland. The journey, Verne's first trip outside France, deeply impressed him, and upon his return to Paris he fictionalized his recollections to form the backbone of a semi-autobiographical novel, <a href="/wiki/Backwards_to_Britain" title="Backwards to Britain">Backwards to Britain</a> (written in the autumn and winter of 1859–1860 and not published until 1989).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199679-64">[62]</a> A second complimentary voyage in 1861 took Hignard and Verne to <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, from where they traveled to <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Christiania</a> and through <a href="/wiki/Telemark" title="Telemark">Telemark</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199681-65">[63]</a> Verne left Hignard in Denmark to return in haste to Paris, but missed the birth on 3 August 1861 of his only biological son, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Verne" title="Michel Verne">Michel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197654-66">[64]</a> Meanwhile, Verne continued work on the idea of a "Roman de la Science", which he developed in a rough draft, inspired, according to his recollections, by his "love for maps and the great explorers of the world". It took shape as a story of travel across Africa and would eventually become his first published novel, <a href="/wiki/Five_Weeks_in_a_Balloon" title="Five Weeks in a Balloon">Five Weeks in a Balloon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198819-56">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hetzel">Hetzel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hetzel">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre-Jules_Hetzel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Pierre-Jules_Hetzel.jpg/170px-Pierre-Jules_Hetzel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Pierre-Jules_Hetzel.jpg/255px-Pierre-Jules_Hetzel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Pierre-Jules_Hetzel.jpg/340px-Pierre-Jules_Hetzel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="1219" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Jules_Hetzel" title="Pierre-Jules Hetzel">Pierre-Jules Hetzel</a></figcaption></figure> In 1862, through their mutual acquaintance Alfred de Bréhat, Verne came into contact with the publisher <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Jules_Hetzel" title="Pierre-Jules Hetzel">Pierre-Jules Hetzel</a>, and submitted to him the manuscript of his developing novel, then called Voyage en Ballon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197654–55-67">[65]</a> Hetzel, already the publisher of <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Sand" title="George Sand">George Sand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>, and other well-known authors, had long been planning to launch a high-quality family magazine in which entertaining fiction would combine with scientific education.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198823–24-68">[66]</a> He saw Verne, with his demonstrated inclination toward scrupulously researched adventure stories, as an ideal contributor for such a magazine, and accepted the novel, giving Verne suggestions for improvement. Verne made the proposed revisions within two weeks and returned to Hetzel with the final draft, now titled <a href="/wiki/Five_Weeks_in_a_Balloon" title="Five Weeks in a Balloon">Five Weeks in a Balloon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197656-69">[67]</a> It was published by Hetzel on 31 January 1863.<a href="#cite_note-biblioVE-70">[68]</a> To secure his services for the planned magazine, to be called the Magasin d'Éducation et de Récréation (Magazine of Education and Recreation), Hetzel also drew up a long-term contract in which Verne would give him three volumes of text per year, each of which Hetzel would buy outright for a flat fee. Verne, finding both a steady salary and a sure outlet for writing at last, accepted immediately.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197656–57-71">[69]</a> For the rest of his lifetime, most of his novels would be serialized in Hetzel's Magasin before their appearance in book form, beginning with his second novel for Hetzel, <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Captain_Hatteras" title="The Adventures of Captain Hatteras">The Adventures of Captain Hatteras</a> (1864–65).<a href="#cite_note-biblioVE-70">[68]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hetzel_front_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hetzel_front_cover.jpg/170px-Hetzel_front_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hetzel_front_cover.jpg/255px-Hetzel_front_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hetzel_front_cover.jpg/340px-Hetzel_front_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="827" /></a><figcaption>A Hetzel edition of Verne's <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Captain_Hatteras" title="The Adventures of Captain Hatteras">The Adventures of Captain Hatteras</a> (cover style "Aux deux éléphants")</figcaption></figure> When The Adventures of Captain Hatteras was published in book form in 1866, Hetzel publicly announced his literary and educational ambitions for Verne's novels by saying in a preface that Verne's works would form a <a href="/wiki/Novel_sequence" class="mw-redirect" title="Novel sequence">novel sequence</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Voyages_extraordinaires" title="Voyages extraordinaires">Voyages extraordinaires</a> (Extraordinary Voyages or Extraordinary Journeys), and that Verne's aim was "to outline all the geographical, geological, physical, and astronomical knowledge amassed by modern science and to recount, in an entertaining and picturesque format that is his own, the history of the universe".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198829–30-72">[70]</a> Late in life, Verne confirmed that this commission had become the running theme of his novels: "My object has been to depict the earth, and not the earth alone, but the universe... And I have tried at the same time to realize a very high ideal of beauty of style. It is said that there can't be any style in a novel of adventure, but it isn't true."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherard1894§4-73">[71]</a> However, he also noted that the project was extremely ambitious: "Yes! But the Earth is very large, and life is very short! In order to leave a completed work behind, one would need to live to be at least 100 years old!"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198830-74">[72]</a> Hetzel influenced many of Verne's novels directly, especially in the first few years of their collaboration, for Verne was initially so happy to find a publisher that he agreed to almost all of the changes Hetzel suggested. For example, when Hetzel disapproved of the original climax of Captain Hatteras, including the death of the title character, Verne wrote an entirely new conclusion in which Hatteras survived.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200198–99-75">[73]</a> Hetzel also rejected Verne's next submission, <a href="/wiki/Paris_in_the_Twentieth_Century" title="Paris in the Twentieth Century">Paris in the Twentieth Century</a>, believing its pessimistic view of the future and its condemnation of technological progress were too subversive for a family magazine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann1996101–103-76">[74]</a> (The manuscript, believed <a href="/wiki/Lost_literary_work" title="Lost literary work">lost</a> for some time after Verne's death, was finally published in 1994.)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199544-77">[75]</a> The relationship between publisher and writer changed significantly around 1869 when Verne and Hetzel were brought into conflict over the manuscript for <a href="/wiki/Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Seas" title="Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas">Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas</a>. Verne had initially conceived of the submariner <a href="/wiki/Captain_Nemo" title="Captain Nemo">Captain Nemo</a> as a Polish scientist whose acts of vengeance were directed against the Russians who had killed his family during the <a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a>. Hetzel, not wanting to alienate the lucrative Russian market for Verne's books, demanded that Nemo be made an enemy of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">slave trade</a>, a situation that would make him an unambiguous hero. Verne, after fighting vehemently against the change, finally invented a compromise in which Nemo's past is left mysterious. After this disagreement, Verne became notably cooler in his dealings with Hetzel, taking suggestions into consideration but often rejecting them outright.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2001100–101-78">[76]</a> From that point, Verne published two or more volumes a year. The most successful of these are: Voyage au centre de la Terre (<a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth">Journey to the Center of the Earth</a>, 1864); De la Terre à la Lune (<a href="/wiki/From_the_Earth_to_the_Moon" title="From the Earth to the Moon">From the Earth to the Moon</a>, 1865); Vingt mille lieues sous les mers (<a href="/wiki/Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Seas" title="Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas">Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas</a>, 1869); and Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours (<a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_Eighty_Days" title="Around the World in Eighty Days">Around the World in Eighty Days</a>), which first appeared in Le Temps in 1872. Verne could now live on his writings, but most of his wealth came from the stage adaptations of Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours (1874) and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Strogoff" title="Michael Strogoff">Michel Strogoff</a> (1876), which he wrote with <a href="/wiki/Adolphe_d%27Ennery" title="Adolphe d'Ennery">Adolphe d'Ennery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint-Michel_sketch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Saint-Michel_sketch.jpg/220px-Saint-Michel_sketch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Saint-Michel_sketch.jpg/330px-Saint-Michel_sketch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Saint-Michel_sketch.jpg/440px-Saint-Michel_sketch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1891" data-file-height="1552" /></a><figcaption>Sketch by Verne of the Saint-Michel</figcaption></figure> In 1867, Verne bought a small boat, the Saint-Michel, which he successively replaced with the Saint-Michel II and the Saint-Michel III as his financial situation improved. On board the Saint-Michel III, he sailed around Europe. After his first novel, most of his stories were first serialised in the Magazine d'Éducation et de Récréation, a Hetzel biweekly publication, before being published in book form. His brother Paul contributed to 40th French climbing of the Mont-Blanc and a collection of short stories – Doctor Ox – in 1874. Verne became wealthy and famous.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> Meanwhile, Michel Verne married an actress against his father's wishes, had two children by an underage mistress and buried himself in debts.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> The relationship between father and son improved as Michel grew older.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years">Later years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later years">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jules_Verne_and_Mrs._Verne_ca.1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Jules_Verne_and_Mrs._Verne_ca.1900.jpg/170px-Jules_Verne_and_Mrs._Verne_ca.1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Jules_Verne_and_Mrs._Verne_ca.1900.jpg/255px-Jules_Verne_and_Mrs._Verne_ca.1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Jules_Verne_and_Mrs._Verne_ca.1900.jpg/340px-Jules_Verne_and_Mrs._Verne_ca.1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="1348" /></a><figcaption>Jules Verne and Madame Verne <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1900</figcaption></figure> Though raised as a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, Verne gravitated towards <a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">deism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne19769-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> Some scholars[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] believe his novels reflect a deist philosophy, as they often involve the notion of God or <a href="/wiki/Divine_providence" title="Divine providence">divine providence</a> but rarely mention the concept of Christ.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerne2007412-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver201222-86">[84]</a> On 9 March 1886, as Verne returned home, his twenty-six-year-old nephew, Gaston, shot at him twice with a <a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">pistol</a>. The first bullet missed, but the second one entered Verne's left leg, giving him a permanent limp that could not be overcome. This incident was not publicised in the media, but Gaston spent the rest of his life in a <a href="/wiki/Lunatic_asylum" title="Lunatic asylum">mental asylum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> After the deaths of both his mother and Hetzel (who died in 1886), Jules Verne began publishing darker works. In 1888 he entered politics and was elected town councillor of <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>, where he championed several improvements and served for fifteen years.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> Verne was made a <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knight</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France's</a> <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> on 9 April 1870,<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> and subsequently promoted in <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> rank to Officer on 19 July 1892.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_and_posthumous_publications">Death and posthumous publications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Death and posthumous publications">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne%27s_Tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Jules Verne's Tomb">Jules Verne's Tomb</a></div> On 24 March 1905, while ill with chronic <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a> and complications from a stroke which paralyzed his right side, Verne died at his home in <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Notice-91">[89]</a> 44 Boulevard Longueville (now Boulevard Jules-Verne). His son, Michel Verne, oversaw the publication of the novels <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Sea" title="Invasion of the Sea">Invasion of the Sea</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Lighthouse_at_the_End_of_the_World" title="The Lighthouse at the End of the World">The Lighthouse at the End of the World</a> after Jules's death. The Voyages extraordinaires series continued for several years afterwards at the same rate of two volumes a year. It was later discovered that Michel Verne had made extensive changes in these stories,<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-4">[3]</a> and the original versions were eventually published at the end of the 20th century by the Jules Verne Society (Société Jules Verne). In 1919, Michel Verne published <a href="/wiki/The_Barsac_Mission" title="The Barsac Mission">The Barsac Mission</a> (French: L'Étonnante Aventure de la Mission Barsac), whose original drafts contained references to <a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a>,<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> a language that his father had been very interested in.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> In 1989, Verne's great-grandson discovered his ancestor's as-yet-unpublished novel <a href="/wiki/Paris_in_the_Twentieth_Century" title="Paris in the Twentieth Century">Paris in the Twentieth Century</a>, which was subsequently published in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 288px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 286px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jules_Verne_on_his_deathbed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jules Verne on his deathbed"><img alt="Jules Verne on his deathbed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jules_Verne_on_his_deathbed.jpg/429px-Jules_Verne_on_his_deathbed.jpg" decoding="async" width="286" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jules_Verne_on_his_deathbed.jpg/643px-Jules_Verne_on_his_deathbed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jules_Verne_on_his_deathbed.jpg/857px-Jules_Verne_on_his_deathbed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2609" data-file-height="1645" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jules Verne on his deathbed</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 259.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 257.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jules_Verne_Funeral_Procession_1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Verne's funeral procession, headed by his son and grandson"><img alt="Verne's funeral procession, headed by his son and grandson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Jules_Verne_Funeral_Procession_1905.jpg/386px-Jules_Verne_Funeral_Procession_1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Jules_Verne_Funeral_Procession_1905.jpg/578px-Jules_Verne_Funeral_Procession_1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Jules_Verne_Funeral_Procession_1905.jpg/771px-Jules_Verne_Funeral_Procession_1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="830" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Verne's funeral procession, headed by his son and grandson</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Verne_tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Verne's tomb in Amiens"><img alt="Verne's tomb in Amiens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Verne_tomb.jpg/181px-Verne_tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Verne_tomb.jpg/272px-Verne_tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Verne_tomb.jpg/362px-Verne_tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="800" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Verne's tomb in Amiens</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 128.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Verne-majak-fronti.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Lighthouse at the End of the World is considered one of the best novels of Verne's literary stage."><img alt="The Lighthouse at the End of the World is considered one of the best novels of Verne's literary stage." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Verne-majak-fronti.jpg/190px-Verne-majak-fronti.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Verne-majak-fronti.jpg/286px-Verne-majak-fronti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Verne-majak-fronti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="435" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/The_Lighthouse_at_the_End_of_the_World" title="The Lighthouse at the End of the World">The Lighthouse at the End of the World</a> is considered one of the best novels of Verne's literary stage.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_bibliography" title="Jules Verne bibliography">Jules Verne bibliography</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1889_Verne_poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1889_Verne_poster.jpg/170px-1889_Verne_poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1889_Verne_poster.jpg/255px-1889_Verne_poster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1889_Verne_poster.jpg/340px-1889_Verne_poster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>An 1889 Hetzel poster advertising Verne's works</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RO025MS-05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/RO025MS-05.jpg/220px-RO025MS-05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/RO025MS-05.jpg/330px-RO025MS-05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/RO025MS-05.jpg/440px-RO025MS-05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Verne novels, <a href="/wiki/The_Carpathian_Castle" title="The Carpathian Castle">The Carpathian Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Danube_Pilot" title="The Danube Pilot">The Danube Pilot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claudius_Bombarnac" title="Claudius Bombarnac">Claudius Bombarnac</a>, and <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9raban_the_Inflexible" title="Kéraban the Inflexible">Kéraban the Inflexible</a>, on a miniature sheet of Romanian postage stamps (2005)</figcaption></figure> Verne's largest body of work is the <a href="/wiki/Voyages_extraordinaires" title="Voyages extraordinaires">Voyages extraordinaires</a> series, which includes all of his novels except for the two rejected manuscripts <a href="/wiki/Paris_in_the_Twentieth_Century" title="Paris in the Twentieth Century">Paris in the Twentieth Century</a> and <a href="/wiki/Backwards_to_Britain" title="Backwards to Britain">Backwards to Britain</a> (published posthumously in 1994 and 1989, respectively) and for projects left unfinished at his death (many of which would be posthumously adapted or rewritten for publication by his son Michel).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDehsMargotHar'El2007[httpswebarchiveorgweb20000510190418httpsjvgileadorgilbiblioapocryphahtml_X]-96">[94]</a> Verne also wrote many plays, poems, song texts, <a href="/wiki/Operetta" title="Operetta">operetta</a> <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretti</a>, and short stories, as well as a variety of essays and miscellaneous non-fiction. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_reception">Literary reception</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Literary reception">edit</a>]</div> After his <a href="/wiki/Debut_novel" title="Debut novel">debut</a> under Hetzel, Verne was enthusiastically received in France by writers and scientists alike, with <a href="/wiki/George_Sand" title="George Sand">George Sand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Gautier" title="Théophile Gautier">Théophile Gautier</a> among his earliest admirers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200011–12-97">[95]</a> Several notable contemporary figures, from the geographer Vivien de Saint-Martin to the critic <a href="/wiki/Jules_Claretie" class="mw-redirect" title="Jules Claretie">Jules Claretie</a>, spoke highly of Verne and his works in critical and biographical notes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200012–13-98">[96]</a> However, Verne's growing popularity among readers and playgoers (due especially to the highly successful stage version of Around the World in Eighty Days) led to a gradual change in his literary reputation. As the novels and stage productions continued to sell, many contemporary critics felt that Verne's status as a commercially popular author meant he could only be seen as a mere genre-based storyteller, rather than a serious author worthy of academic study.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200014-99">[97]</a> This denial of formal literary status took various forms, including dismissive criticism by such writers as <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a> and the lack of Verne's nomination for membership in the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie Française">Académie Française</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200014-99">[97]</a> and was recognized by Verne himself, who said in a late interview: "The great regret of my life is that I have never taken any place in French literature."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherard1894§1-100">[98]</a> To Verne, who considered himself "a man of letters and an artist, living in the pursuit of the ideal",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherard1894§6-101">[99]</a> this critical dismissal on the basis of literary ideology could only be seen as the ultimate snub.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200015-102">[100]</a> This bifurcation of Verne as a popular genre writer but a critical <a href="/wiki/Persona_non_grata" title="Persona non grata">persona non grata</a> continued after his death, with early biographies (including one by Verne's own niece, Marguerite Allotte de la Fuÿe) focusing on error-filled and embroidered <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiography</a> of Verne as a popular figure rather than on Verne's actual working methods or his output.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200022–23-103">[101]</a> Meanwhile, sales of Verne's novels in their original unabridged versions dropped markedly even in Verne's home country, with abridged versions aimed directly at children taking their place.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200023-104">[102]</a> However, the decades after Verne's death also saw the rise in France of the "Jules Verne cult", a steadily growing group of scholars and young writers who took Verne's works seriously as literature and willingly noted his influence on their own pioneering works. Some of the cult founded the Société Jules Verne, the first academic society for Verne scholars; many others became highly respected <a href="/wiki/Avant_garde" class="mw-redirect" title="Avant garde">avant garde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surrealist" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrealist">surrealist</a> literary figures in their own right. Their praise and analyses, emphasizing Verne's stylistic innovations and enduring literary themes, proved highly influential for literary studies to come.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200024–6-105">[103]</a> In the 1960s and 1970s, thanks in large part to a sustained wave of serious literary study from well-known French scholars and writers, Verne's reputation skyrocketed in France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAngenot197646-106">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200029-107">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roland_Barthes" title="Roland Barthes">Roland Barthes</a>' seminal essay Nautilus et Bateau Ivre (The <a href="/wiki/Nautilus_(fictional_submarine)" title="Nautilus (fictional submarine)">Nautilus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Drunken_Boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Drunken Boat">Drunken Boat</a>) was influential in its <a href="/wiki/Exegesis" title="Exegesis">exegesis</a> of the Voyages extraordinares as a purely literary text, while book-length studies by such figures as Marcel Moré and Jean Chesneaux considered Verne from a multitude of thematic vantage points.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAngenot197335–36-108">[106]</a> French literary journals devoted entire issues to Verne and his work, with essays by such imposing literary figures as <a href="/wiki/Michel_Butor" title="Michel Butor">Michel Butor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Borgeaud" title="Georges Borgeaud">Georges Borgeaud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Brion" title="Marcel Brion">Marcel Brion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Versins" title="Pierre Versins">Pierre Versins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Barjavel" title="René Barjavel">René Barjavel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lecomte" title="Marcel Lecomte">Marcel Lecomte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Lacassin" title="Francis Lacassin">Francis Lacassin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Serres" title="Michel Serres">Michel Serres</a>; meanwhile, Verne's entire published opus returned to print, with unabridged and illustrated editions of his works printed by <a href="/wiki/Livre_de_Poche" class="mw-redirect" title="Livre de Poche">Livre de Poche</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Rencontre" title="Éditions Rencontre">Éditions Rencontre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200029–30-109">[107]</a> The wave reached its climax in Verne's <a href="/wiki/Sesquicentennial" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesquicentennial">sesquicentennial</a> year 1978, when he was made the subject of an academic colloquium at the <a href="/wiki/Centre_culturel_international_de_Cerisy-la-Salle" title="Centre culturel international de Cerisy-la-Salle">Centre culturel international de Cerisy-la-Salle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth">Journey to the Center of the Earth</a> was accepted for the French university system's <a href="/wiki/Agr%C3%A9gation" title="Agrégation">agrégation</a> reading list. Since these events, Verne has been consistently recognized in Europe as a legitimate member of the French literary canon, with academic studies and new publications steadily continuing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200032–33-110">[108]</a> Verne's reputation in English-speaking countries has been considerably slower in changing. Throughout the 20th century, most anglophone scholars dismissed Verne as a genre writer for children and a naïve proponent of science and technology (despite strong evidence to the contrary on both counts), thus finding him more interesting as a technological "prophet" or as a subject of comparison to English-language writers such as <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a> and <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a> than as a topic of literary study in his own right. This narrow view of Verne has undoubtedly been influenced by the poor-quality <a href="#English_translations">English translations</a> and very loosely adapted <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood film</a> versions through which most American and British readers have discovered Verne.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200033-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButcher1983-111">[109]</a> However, since the mid-1980s a considerable number of serious English-language studies and translations have appeared, suggesting that a rehabilitation of Verne's anglophone reputation may currently be underway.<a href="#cite_note-Miller2009-112">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200034-113">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_translations">English translations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: English translations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Journey_to_the_Centre_of_the_Earth-1874.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/A_Journey_to_the_Centre_of_the_Earth-1874.jpg/170px-A_Journey_to_the_Centre_of_the_Earth-1874.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/A_Journey_to_the_Centre_of_the_Earth-1874.jpg/255px-A_Journey_to_the_Centre_of_the_Earth-1874.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/A_Journey_to_the_Centre_of_the_Earth-1874.jpg/340px-A_Journey_to_the_Centre_of_the_Earth-1874.jpg 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption>An early edition of the notorious Griffith & Farran adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth">Journey to the Center of the Earth</a></figcaption></figure> Translation of Verne into English began in 1852, when Verne's short story <a href="/wiki/A_Voyage_in_a_Balloon" class="mw-redirect" title="A Voyage in a Balloon">A Voyage in a Balloon</a> (1851) was published in the American journal <a href="/wiki/Sartain%27s_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sartain's Magazine">Sartain's Union Magazine of Literature and Art</a> in a translation by <a href="/wiki/Anne_Toppan_Wilbur_Wood" title="Anne Toppan Wilbur Wood">Anne T. Wilbur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005b117-114">[112]</a> Translation of his novels began in 1869 with William Lackland's translation of <a href="/wiki/Five_Weeks_in_a_Balloon" title="Five Weeks in a Balloon">Five Weeks in a Balloon</a> (originally published in 1863),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005b105-115">[113]</a> and continued steadily throughout Verne's lifetime, with publishers and hired translators often working in great haste to rush his most lucrative titles into English-language print.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005a80-116">[114]</a> Unlike Hetzel, who targeted all ages with his publishing strategies for the Voyages extraordinaires, the British and American publishers of Verne chose to market his books almost exclusively to young audiences; this business move had a long-lasting effect on Verne's reputation in English-speaking countries, implying that Verne could be treated purely as a children's author.<a href="#cite_note-Miller2009-112">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005a117-117">[115]</a> These early English-language translations have been widely criticized for their extensive textual omissions, errors, and alterations, and are not considered adequate representations of Verne's actual novels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005a80-116">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-Roberts-118">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Crichton-119">[117]</a> In an essay for <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, British writer <a href="/wiki/Adam_Roberts_(British_writer)" title="Adam Roberts (British writer)">Adam Roberts</a> commented: <blockquote>I'd always liked reading Jules Verne and I've read most of his novels; but it wasn't until recently that I really understood I hadn't been reading Jules Verne at all ... It's a bizarre situation for a world-famous writer to be in. Indeed, I can't think of a major writer who has been so poorly served by translation.<a href="#cite_note-Roberts-118">[116]</a></blockquote> Similarly, the American novelist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a> observed: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Verne's prose is lean and fast-moving in a peculiarly modern way ... [but] Verne has been particularly ill-served by his English translators. At best they have provided us with clunky, choppy, tone-deaf prose. At worst – as in the notorious 1872 "translation" [of <a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth">Journey to the Center of the Earth</a>] published by Griffith & Farran – they have blithely altered the text, giving Verne's characters new names, and adding whole pages of their own invention, thus effectively obliterating the meaning and tone of Verne's original.<a href="#cite_note-Crichton-119">[117]</a></blockquote> Since 1965, a considerable number of more accurate English translations of Verne have appeared. However, the older, deficient translations continue to be republished due to their <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> status, and in many cases their easy availability in online sources.<a href="#cite_note-Miller2009-112">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_science_fiction">Relationship with science fiction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Relationship with science fiction">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jules_Verne_Algerie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jules_Verne_Algerie.jpg/170px-Jules_Verne_Algerie.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jules_Verne_Algerie.jpg/255px-Jules_Verne_Algerie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jules_Verne_Algerie.jpg/340px-Jules_Verne_Algerie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1791" data-file-height="2802" /></a><figcaption>Caricature of Verne with fantastic sea life (1884)</figcaption></figure> The relationship between Verne's Voyages extraordinaires and the literary genre science fiction is a complex one. Verne, like <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>, is frequently cited as one of the founders of the genre, and his profound influence on its development is indisputable; however, many earlier writers, such as <a href="/wiki/Lucian_of_Samosata" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucian of Samosata">Lucian of Samosata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">Mary Shelley</a>, have also been cited as creators of science fiction, an unavoidable ambiguity arising from the vague definition and <a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction" title="History of science fiction">history of the genre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Roberts48-8">[7]</a> A primary issue at the heart of the dispute is the question of whether Verne's works count as science fiction to begin with. <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Renard" title="Maurice Renard">Maurice Renard</a> claimed that Verne "never wrote a single sentence of scientific-marvelous".<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> Verne himself argued repeatedly in interviews that his novels were not meant to be read as scientific, saying "I have invented nothing".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherard1903§5-121">[119]</a> His own goal was rather to "depict the earth [and] at the same time to realize a very high ideal of beauty of style",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherard1894§4-73">[71]</a> as he pointed out in an example: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I wrote <a href="/wiki/Five_Weeks_in_a_Balloon" title="Five Weeks in a Balloon">Five Weeks in a Balloon</a>, not as a story about ballooning, but as a story about Africa. I always was greatly interested in geography, history and travel, and I wanted to give a romantic description of Africa. Now, there was no means of taking my travellers through Africa otherwise than in a balloon, and that is why a balloon is introduced.... I may say that at the time I wrote the novel, as now, I had no faith in the possibility of ever steering balloons...<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherard1894§4-73">[71]</a></blockquote> Closely related to Verne's science-fiction reputation is the often-repeated claim that he is a "<a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophet</a>" of scientific progress, and that many of his novels involve elements of technology that were fantastic for his day but later became commonplace.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans19881-122">[120]</a> These claims have a long history, especially in America, but the modern scholarly consensus is that such claims of prophecy are heavily exaggerated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans19882-123">[121]</a> In a 1961 article critical of Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas' scientific accuracy, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_L._Thomas" title="Theodore L. Thomas">Theodore L. Thomas</a> speculated that Verne's storytelling skill and readers' faulty memories of a book they read as children caused people to "remember things from it that are not there. The impression that the novel contains valid scientific prediction seems to grow as the years roll by".<a href="#cite_note-thomas196112-124">[122]</a> As with science fiction, Verne himself flatly denied that he was a futuristic prophet, saying that any connection between scientific developments and his work was "mere coincidence" and attributing his indisputable scientific accuracy to his extensive research: "even before I began writing stories, I always took numerous notes out of every book, newspaper, magazine, or scientific report that I came across."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBelloc1895-125">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_influence_of_Jules_Verne" title="Cultural influence of Jules Verne">Cultural influence of Jules Verne</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cesantes_Redondela_Galicia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cesantes_Redondela_Galicia.jpg/220px-Cesantes_Redondela_Galicia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cesantes_Redondela_Galicia.jpg/330px-Cesantes_Redondela_Galicia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cesantes_Redondela_Galicia.jpg/440px-Cesantes_Redondela_Galicia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="937" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>Monument to Verne in <a href="/wiki/Redondela" title="Redondela">Redondela</a>, Spain</figcaption></figure> Verne's novels have had a wide influence on both literary and scientific works; writers known to have been influenced by Verne include <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Aym%C3%A9" title="Marcel Aymé">Marcel Aymé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roland_Barthes" title="Roland Barthes">Roland Barthes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Barjavel" title="René Barjavel">René Barjavel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Butor" title="Michel Butor">Michel Butor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Cendrars" title="Blaise Cendrars">Blaise Cendrars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Claudel" title="Paul Claudel">Paul Claudel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julio_Cort%C3%A1zar" title="Julio Cortázar">Julio Cortázar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Riordan" title="Rick Riordan">Rick Riordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Roussel" title="Raymond Roussel">Raymond Roussel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Roy_(poet)" title="Claude Roy (poet)">Claude Roy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry" title="Antoine de Saint-Exupéry">Antoine de Saint-Exupéry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200024-126">[124]</a> while scientists and explorers who acknowledged Verne's inspiration have included <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Richard E. Byrd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Lake" title="Simon Lake">Simon Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Lyautey" title="Hubert Lyautey">Hubert Lyautey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky" title="Konstantin Tsiolkovsky">Konstantin Tsiolkovsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButcher1983-111">[109]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Parsons_(rocket_engineer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Parsons (rocket engineer)">Jack Parsons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPendle200533–40,_42–43-127">[125]</a> Verne is credited with helping inspire the <a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">steampunk</a> genre, a literary and social movement that glamorizes science fiction based on 19th-century technology.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeague201328-128">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPercec2014220-129">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> summarized Verne's influence on literature and science the world: "We are all, in one way or another, the children of Jules Verne."<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_recipients_by_name_(V)" title="List of Légion d'honneur recipients by name (V)">List of Legion of Honour recipients by name (V)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" title="Musée de la Légion d'honneur">Legion of Honour Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Marvelous" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific Marvelous">Scientific Marvelous</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> These six, and most of Verne's novels, were published in the <a href="/wiki/Voyages_extraordinaires" title="Voyages extraordinaires">Voyages extraordinaires</a> series. </li> <li id="cite_note-fuye-11"><a href="#cite_ref-fuye_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJules-Verne1976">Jules-Verne 1976</a>, p. 1: "On his mother's side, Verne is known to be descended from one 'N. Allott, Scotsman', who came to France to serve in the Scots Guards of Louis XI and rose to earn a title (in 1462). He built his castle, complete with dovecote or fuye (a privilege in the royal gift), near Loudun in Anjou and took the noble name of Allotte de la Fuye." </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-JCW-2"><a href="#cite_ref-JCW_2-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Longman_Pronunciation_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Longman Pronunciation Dictionary">Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/verne">"Verne"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240806220638/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/verne">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2024. Retrieved 29 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Verne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fverne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_4-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans,_Arthur_B.2020" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Arthur B. (23 April 2020). "Jules Verne: French author". In Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200920065922/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jules-Verne">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> (online ed.). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jules-Verne">the original</a> on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jules+Verne%3A+French+author&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=online&rft.date=2020-04-23&rft.au=Evans%2C+Arthur+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJules-Verne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAngenot197334-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAngenot197334_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAngenot1973">Angenot 1973</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200033-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans200033_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans200033_6-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2000">Evans 2000</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNESCO2013-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNESCO2013_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUNESCO2013">UNESCO 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Roberts48-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roberts48_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roberts48_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2000" class="citation cs2">Roberts, Adam (2000), Science Fiction, London: Routledge, p. 48</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+Fiction&rft.place=London&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButcher20065–6-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButcher20065–6_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFButcher2006">Butcher 2006</a>, pp. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButcher2007-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButcher2007_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButcher2007_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButcher2007_10-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFButcher2007">Butcher 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne19763-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne19763_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJules-Verne1976">Jules-Verne 1976</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllotte_de_la_Fuÿe195620-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllotte_de_la_Fuÿe195620_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllotte_de_la_Fuÿe1956">Allotte de la Fuÿe 1956</a>, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann19969-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann19969_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann19969_14-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETerres_d'écrivains2003-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETerres_d'écrivains2003_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETerres_d'écrivains2003_15-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFTerres_d'écrivains2003">Terres d'écrivains 2003</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerne1890§2-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerne1890§2_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerne1890§2_16-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFVerne1890">Verne 1890</a>, §2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECompère1997b35-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECompère1997b35_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCompère1997b">Compère 1997b</a>, p. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllotte_de_la_Fuÿe195626-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllotte_de_la_Fuÿe195626_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllotte_de_la_Fuÿe1956">Allotte de la Fuÿe 1956</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPérezde_VriesMargot2008[httpswebarchiveorgweb20011204170333httpsjvgileadorgilFAQC9_C9]-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPérezde_VriesMargot2008[httpswebarchiveorgweb20011204170333httpsjvgileadorgilFAQC9_C9]_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPérezde_VriesMargot2008">Pérez, de Vries & Margot 2008</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011204170333/https://jv.gilead.org.il/FAQ/#C9">C9</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199617-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199617_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199617_20-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECompère1997a20-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECompère1997a20_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCompère1997a">Compère 1997a</a>, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199619-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199619_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197610-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197610_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJules-Verne1976">Jules-Verne 1976</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199614-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199614_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199614_24-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1973-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin1973_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMartin1973">Martin 1973</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECompère1997c41-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECompère1997c41_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCompère1997c">Compère 1997c</a>, p. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199614–15-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199614–15_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, pp. 14–15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1974-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin1974_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMartin1974">Martin 1974</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199624-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199624_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199624_29-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChelebourg1986-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChelebourg1986_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChelebourg1986">Chelebourg 1986</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199616-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199616_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerne2000-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerne2000_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVerne2000">Verne 2000</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECompère1997c42-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECompère1997c42_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCompère1997c">Compère 1997c</a>, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197612-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197612_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJules-Verne1976">Jules-Verne 1976</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197617-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197617_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJules-Verne1976">Jules-Verne 1976</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherard1894§3-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherard1894§3_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherard1894§3_36-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSherard1894">Sherard 1894</a>, §3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199632-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199632_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199625-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199625_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199625_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199625_38-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumas1988372-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDumas1988372_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDumas1988">Dumas 1988</a>, p. 372: "Je suis bien Allotte sous le rapport de l'estomac." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumas200051-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDumas200051_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDumas2000">Dumas 2000</a>, p. 51: "La paralysie faciale de Jules Verne n'est pas psychosomatique, mais due seulement à une inflammation de l'oreille moyenne dont l'œdème comprime le nerf facial correspondant. Le médiocre chauffage du logement de l'étudiant entraîne la fréquence de ses refroidissements. L'explication de cette infirmité reste ignorée de l'écrivain; il vit dans la permanente inquiétude d'un dérèglement nerveux, aboutissant à la folie." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199629-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199629_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199629_41-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, p. 29. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198817-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198817_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198817_42-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1988">Evans 1988</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDekissDehs199929-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDekissDehs199929_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDekissDehs1999">Dekiss & Dehs 1999</a>, p. 29. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199637-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199637_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199637_44-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198818-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198818_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198818_45-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1988">Evans 1988</a>, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199653,_58-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199653,_58_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, pp. 53, 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197627-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197627_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJules-Verne1976">Jules-Verne 1976</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199638-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199638_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199646–47-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199646–47_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, pp. 46–47. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199647-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199647_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDekissDehs199930–31-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDekissDehs199930–31_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDekissDehs1999">Dekiss & Dehs 1999</a>, pp. 30–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199639–40-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199639–40_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, pp. 39–40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargot2005151-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargot2005151_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMargot2005">Margot 2005</a>, p. 151. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199657-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199657_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, p. 57. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199658-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199658_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199658_55-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, p. 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198819-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198819_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198819_56-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198819_56-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198819_56-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198819_56-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1988">Evans 1988</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198818–19-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198818–19_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1988">Evans 1988</a>, pp. 18–19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197637-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197637_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJules-Verne1976">Jules-Verne 1976</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197640–41-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197640–41_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJules-Verne1976">Jules-Verne 1976</a>, pp. 40–41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199666–67-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199666–67_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, pp. 66–67. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197642–43-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197642–43_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJules-Verne1976">Jules-Verne 1976</a>, pp. 42–43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197644-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197644_62-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJules-Verne1976">Jules-Verne 1976</a>, p. 44. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199676–78-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199676–78_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199676–78_63-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, pp. 76–78. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199679-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199679_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann199681-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann199681_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, p. 81; confusion regarding the year resolved with reference to <a href="#CITEREFJules-Verne1976">Jules-Verne 1976</a>, p. 54, <a href="#CITEREFButcher2007">Butcher 2007</a>, and <a href="#CITEREFPérezde_VriesMargot2008">Pérez, de Vries & Margot 2008</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011204170333/https://jv.gilead.org.il/FAQ/#B6">B6</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197654-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197654_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJules-Verne1976">Jules-Verne 1976</a>, p. 54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197654–55-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197654–55_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJules-Verne1976">Jules-Verne 1976</a>, pp. 54–55. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198823–24-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198823–24_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1988">Evans 1988</a>, pp. 23–24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197656-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197656_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJules-Verne1976">Jules-Verne 1976</a>, p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-biblioVE-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-biblioVE_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biblioVE_70-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDehsMargotHar'El2007">Dehs, Margot & Har'El 2007</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000826225329/https://jv.gilead.org.il/biblio/voyages.html">I</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197656–57-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne197656–57_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJules-Verne1976">Jules-Verne 1976</a>, pp. 56–57. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198829–30-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198829–30_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1988">Evans 1988</a>, pp. 29–30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherard1894§4-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherard1894§4_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherard1894§4_73-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherard1894§4_73-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSherard1894">Sherard 1894</a>, §4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198830-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198830_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1988">Evans 1988</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200198–99-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans200198–99_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2001">Evans 2001</a>, pp. 98–99. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELottmann1996101–103-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELottmann1996101–103_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLottmann1996">Lottmann 1996</a>, pp. 101–103. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199544-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199544_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1995">Evans 1995</a>, p. 44. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2001100–101-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2001100–101_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2001">Evans 2001</a>, pp. 100–101. </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bard.org/study-guides/discovering-more-than-just-the-world">"Discovering More than Just the World"</a>. Utah Shakespeare Festival. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Utah+Shakespeare+Festival&rft.atitle=Discovering+More+than+Just+the+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bard.org%2Fstudy-guides%2Fdiscovering-more-than-just-the-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jules-Verne">"Jules Verne | Biography & Facts"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Jules+Verne+%7C+Biography+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJules-Verne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerne2012" class="citation book cs1">Verne, Jules (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u15xDwAAQBAJ&q=michel%20verne%20actress%20marriage&pg=PT12">Vice, Redemption and the Distant Colony</a>. BearManor Media.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vice%2C+Redemption+and+the+Distant+Colony&rft.pub=BearManor+Media&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Verne&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du15xDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dmichel%2520verne%2520actress%2520marriage%26pg%3DPT12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerne2012" class="citation book cs1">Verne, Jules (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u15xDwAAQBAJ&q=michel%20verne%20actress%20marriage&pg=PT13">Vice, Redemption and the Distant Colony</a>. BearManor Media.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vice%2C+Redemption+and+the+Distant+Colony&rft.pub=BearManor+Media&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Verne&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du15xDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dmichel%2520verne%2520actress%2520marriage%26pg%3DPT13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne19769-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJules-Verne19769_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJules-Verne1976">Jules-Verne 1976</a>, p. 9: "After about 1870, Verne was less and less subservient to the discipline of the Church: his wife went to Mass without him and his views broadened into a kind of Christian-based deism." </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCostello1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Costello_(author)" title="Peter Costello (author)">Costello, Peter</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=05UqAAAAYAAJ">Jules Verne, Inventor of Science Fiction</a>. New York: Scribner. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780684158242" title="Special:BookSources/9780684158242"><bdi>9780684158242</bdi></a>. Retrieved 9 March 2021. <q>Verne was to spend his life [...] moving as he grew older towards anarchy and a more generalised deism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jules+Verne%2C+Inventor+of+Science+Fiction&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780684158242&rft.aulast=Costello&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D05UqAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerne2007412-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerne2007412_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVerne2007">Verne 2007</a>, p. 412. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver201222-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver201222_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOliver2012">Oliver 2012</a>, p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynch1992" class="citation book cs1">Lynch, Lawrence (1992). Twayne's World Authors Series 832. Jules Verne. New York: Twayne Publishers. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twayne%27s+World+Authors+Series+832.+Jules+Verne&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Twayne+Publishers&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVallois2015" class="citation web cs1">Vallois, Thirza (25 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francetoday.com/learn/books/travel_to_amiens_follow_in_the_footsteps_of_author_jules_verne/">"Travel to Amiens: Follow in the Footsteps of Author Jules Verne"</a>. France Today. France Media Ltd. Retrieved 5 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+Today&rft.atitle=Travel+to+Amiens%3A+Follow+in+the+Footsteps+of+Author+Jules+Verne&rft.date=2015-11-25&rft.aulast=Vallois&rft.aufirst=Thirza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetoday.com%2Flearn%2Fbooks%2Ftravel_to_amiens_follow_in_the_footsteps_of_author_jules_verne%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220315173021/https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/370356">"Verne, Jules Gabriel - Knight Certificate"</a>. National Archives - Léonore Database (in French). France. 9 April 1870. p. 12/16. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives+-+L%C3%A9onore+Database&rft.atitle=Verne%2C+Jules+Gabriel+-+Knight+Certificate&rft.pages=12%2F16&rft.date=1870-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr%2Fui%2Fnotice%2F370356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220315173021/https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/370356">"Verne, Jules Gabriel - Officer Certificate"</a>. National Archives - Léonore Database (in French). France. 19 July 1892. p. 1/16. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives+-+L%C3%A9onore+Database&rft.atitle=Verne%2C+Jules+Gabriel+-+Officer+Certificate&rft.pages=1%2F16&rft.date=1892-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr%2Fui%2Fnotice%2F370356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Notice-91"><a href="#cite_ref-Notice_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-mar-25-1905-2747079/">"Mr. Jules Verne Lies Dead at Amiens"</a>. Titusville Herald. 15 March 1905. Retrieved 12 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mr.+Jules+Verne+Lies+Dead+at+Amiens&rft.date=1905-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspaperarchive.com%2Fother-articles-clipping-mar-25-1905-2747079%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> about that: <a href="/wiki/Abel_Montagut" title="Abel Montagut">Abel Montagut</a>, Jules Verne kaj esperanto (la lasta romano), Beletra Almanako, <a href="/wiki/BA5" class="mw-redirect" title="BA5">number 5</a>, June 2009, New York City, pages 78-95. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> Delcourt, M. - Amouroux, J. (1987): Jules Verne kaj la Internacia Lingvo. - La Brita Esperantisto, vol. 83, number 878, pages 300-301. London. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Terres+d%27%C3%A9crivains&rft.atitle=Nantes+et+Jules+Verne&rft.date=2003-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terresdecrivains.com%2FNantes-et-Jules-Verne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver2012" class="citation cs2">Oliver, Kendrick (2012), To Touch the Face of God: The Sacred, the Profane, and the American Space Program, 1957–1975, Baltimore: JHU Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Touch+the+Face+of+God%3A+The+Sacred%2C+the+Profane%2C+and+the+American+Space+Program%2C+1957%E2%80%931975&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Kendrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPendle2005" class="citation cs2">Pendle, George (2005), Strange Angel: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7538-2065-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7538-2065-0"><bdi>978-0-7538-2065-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strange+Angel%3A+The+Otherworldly+Life+of+Rocket+Scientist+John+Whiteside+Parsons&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7538-2065-0&rft.aulast=Pendle&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPercec2014" class="citation cs2">Percec, Dana, ed. 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Margot, Jean-Michel (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011204170333/https://jv.gilead.org.il/FAQ/">"Jules Verne FAQ"</a>, Jules Verne Collection, Zvi Har'El, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jv.gilead.org.il/FAQ/">the original</a> on 4 December 2001, retrieved 26 March 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jules+Verne+Collection&rft.atitle=Jules+Verne+FAQ&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=P%C3%A9rez&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft.au=de+Vries%2C+Garmt&rft.au=Margot%2C+Jean-Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjv.gilead.org.il%2FFAQ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherard1894" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sherard" title="Robert Sherard">Sherard, Robert H.</a> (January 1894), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000829031954/https://jv.gilead.org.il/sherard.html">"Jules Verne at Home"</a>, McClure's Magazine, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jv.gilead.org.il/sherard.html">the original</a> on 29 August 2000, retrieved 5 March 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=McClure%27s+Magazine&rft.atitle=Jules+Verne+at+Home&rft.date=1894-01&rft.aulast=Sherard&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjv.gilead.org.il%2Fsherard.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherard1903" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sherard" title="Robert Sherard">Sherard, Robert H.</a> (9 October 1903), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000829032025/https://jv.gilead.org.il/sherard2.html">"Jules Verne Re-visited"</a>, <a href="/wiki/T.P.%27s_Weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="T.P.'s Weekly">T.P.'s Weekly</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jv.gilead.org.il/sherard2.html">the original</a> on 29 August 2000, retrieved 21 April 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=T.P.%27s+Weekly&rft.atitle=Jules+Verne+Re-visited&rft.date=1903-10-09&rft.aulast=Sherard&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjv.gilead.org.il%2Fsherard2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUNESCO2013" class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/xtrans/bsstatexp.aspx?crit1L=5&nTyp=min&topN=50">"Statistics: 'Top 50' Author"</a>, Index Translationum, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> Culture Sector, 2013, retrieved 6 August 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Index+Translationum&rft.atitle=Statistics%3A+%27Top+50%27+Author&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fxtrans%2Fbsstatexp.aspx%3Fcrit1L%3D5%26nTyp%3Dmin%26topN%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988">; statistics on Index Translationum database (1979–present, updates processed upon receipt from UNESCO members states)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeague2013" class="citation cs2">Teague, Gypsey Elaine (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbAlsg8TMAC">Steampunk Magic: Working Magic Aboard the Airship</a>, Weiser Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781609258405" title="Special:BookSources/9781609258405"><bdi>9781609258405</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steampunk+Magic%3A+Working+Magic+Aboard+the+Airship&rft.pub=Weiser+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781609258405&rft.aulast=Teague&rft.aufirst=Gypsey+Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOZbAlsg8TMAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerne1890" class="citation cs2">Verne, Jules (1890), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030424093940/https://jv.gilead.org.il/garmt/souvenirs2.html">"Souvenirs d'enfance et de jeunesse"</a>, Jules Verne Collection, Zvi Har'El, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jv.gilead.org.il/garmt/souvenirs2.html">the original</a> on 24 April 2003, retrieved 3 March 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jules+Verne+Collection&rft.atitle=Souvenirs+d%27enfance+et+de+jeunesse&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Verne&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjv.gilead.org.il%2Fgarmt%2Fsouvenirs2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerne2000" class="citation cs2">Verne, Jules (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://verne.jules.free.fr/80mots/mot.php3?mot=Nantes">"La sixieme ville de France"</a>, Le Tour de Verne en 80 Mots, Gilles Carpentier, retrieved 3 March 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Tour+de+Verne+en+80+Mots&rft.atitle=La+sixieme+ville+de+France&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Verne&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fverne.jules.free.fr%2F80mots%2Fmot.php3%3Fmot%3DNantes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerne2007" class="citation cs2">Verne, Jules (2007), Arthur B. Evans (ed.), The Kip Brothers, translated by Stanford Luce, Introduction and notes by Jean-Michel Margot., Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kip+Brothers&rft.place=Middletown%2C+CT&rft.pub=Wesleyan+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Verne&rft.aufirst=Jules&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Jules Verne at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" class="extiw" title="c:Jules Verne">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jules_Verne" class="extiw" title="q:Jules Verne">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Jules_Verne" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Jules Verne">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33977" class="extiw" title="d:Q33977">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804192648/https://jv.gilead.org.il/">Zvi Har'El's Jules Verne Collection</a>, an extensive resource from the early 2000s</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.julesverne.ca/index.html">The Jules Verne Collecting Resource</a> with sources, images, and ephemera</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://najvs.org">The North American Jules Verne Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://verne.garmtdevries.nl/en/maps/">Maps</a> from Verne's books</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722084039/http://www.empmuseum.org/exhibitions/index.asp?articleID=961">"Jules Verne biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Pop_Culture#Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy_Hall_of_Fame" title="Museum of Pop Culture">Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jules+Verne+biography&rft.pub=Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20120722084039%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.empmuseum.org%2Fexhibitions%2Findex.asp%3FarticleID%3D961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Verne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0894523/">Jules Verne</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online_editions">Online editions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Online editions">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/jules-verne">Works by Jules Verne in eBook form</a> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/60">Works by Jules Verne</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Verne%2C%20Jules%20Gabriel%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Verne%2C%20Jules%20G%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Verne%2C%20J%2E%20G%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Jules%20Gabriel%20Verne%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Jules%20G%2E%20Verne%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22J%2E%20G%2E%20Verne%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Verne%2C%20Jules%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Jules%20Verne%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Jules%20Gabriel%20Verne%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Jules%20G%2E%20Verne%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22J%2E%20G%2E%20Verne%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22J%2E%20Gabriel%20Verne%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Verne%2C%20Jules%20Gabriel%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Verne%2C%20Jules%20G%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Verne%2C%20J%2E%20G%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Verne%2C%20J%2E%20Gabriel%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Jules%20Verne%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Verne%2C%20Jules%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Jules%20Gabriel%20Verne%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Jules%20G%2E%20Verne%22%20OR%20title%3A%22J%2E%20G%2E%20Verne%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Jules%20Verne%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Jules%20Gabriel%20Verne%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Jules%20G%2E%20Verne%22%20OR%20description%3A%22J%2E%20G%2E%20Verne%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Verne%2C%20Jules%20Gabriel%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Verne%2C%20Jules%20G%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Jules%20Verne%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Verne%2C%20Jules%22%29%20OR%20%28%221828-1905%22%20AND%20Verne%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Jules Verne</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/189">Works by Jules Verne</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fadedpage.com/csearch.php?author=Verne%2C%20Jules">Works by Jules Verne</a> at <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Proofreaders_Canada" title="Distributed Proofreaders Canada">Faded Page</a> 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jules_Verne_(bibliography)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jules Verne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_bibliography" title="Jules Verne bibliography">bibliography</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Voyages_extraordinaires" title="Voyages extraordinaires">Voyages extraordinaires</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Weeks_in_a_Balloon" title="Five Weeks in a Balloon">Five Weeks in a Balloon</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth">Journey to the Center of the Earth</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_the_Earth_to_the_Moon" title="From the Earth to the Moon">From the Earth to the Moon</a> (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Captain_Hatteras" title="The Adventures of Captain Hatteras">The Adventures of Captain Hatteras</a> (1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_the_Castaways" title="In Search of the Castaways">In Search of the Castaways</a> (1867–68)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Seas" title="Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas">Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas</a> (1869–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_Moon" title="Around the Moon">Around the Moon</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Floating_City" title="A Floating City">A Floating City</a> (1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Three_Englishmen_and_Three_Russians_in_South_Africa" title="The Adventures of Three Englishmen and Three Russians in South Africa">The Adventures of Three Englishmen and Three Russians in South Africa</a> (1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fur_Country" title="The Fur Country">The Fur Country</a> (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_Eighty_Days" title="Around the World in Eighty Days">Around the World in Eighty Days</a> (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mysterious_Island" title="The Mysterious Island">The Mysterious Island</a> (1874–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Survivors_of_the_Chancellor" title="The Survivors of the Chancellor">The Survivors of the Chancellor</a> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Strogoff" title="Michael Strogoff">Michael Strogoff</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off_on_a_Comet" title="Off on a Comet">Off on a Comet</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Child_of_the_Cavern" title="The Child of the Cavern">The Child of the Cavern</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Sand,_A_Captain_at_Fifteen" title="Dick Sand, A Captain at Fifteen">Dick Sand, A Captain at Fifteen</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Begum%27s_Fortune" title="The Begum's Fortune">The Begum's Fortune</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribulations_of_a_Chinaman_in_China" title="Tribulations of a Chinaman in China">Tribulations of a Chinaman in China</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Steam_House" title="The Steam House">The Steam House</a> (1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Hundred_Leagues_on_the_Amazon" title="Eight Hundred Leagues on the Amazon">Eight Hundred Leagues on the Amazon</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Morgan" title="Godfrey Morgan">Godfrey Morgan</a> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Ray" title="The Green Ray">The Green Ray</a> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9raban_the_Inflexible" title="Kéraban the Inflexible">Kéraban the Inflexible</a> (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vanished_Diamond" title="The Vanished Diamond">The Vanished Diamond</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Archipelago_on_Fire" title="The Archipelago on Fire">The Archipelago on Fire</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathias_Sandorf" title="Mathias Sandorf">Mathias Sandorf</a> (1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lottery_Ticket" title="The Lottery Ticket">The Lottery Ticket</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robur_the_Conqueror" title="Robur the Conqueror">Robur the Conqueror</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texar%27s_Revenge,_or,_North_Against_South" title="Texar's Revenge, or, North Against South">North Against South</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Flight_to_France" title="The Flight to France">The Flight to France</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Years%27_Vacation" title="Two Years' Vacation">Two Years' Vacation</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Without_a_Name" title="Family Without a Name">Family Without a Name</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Purchase_of_the_North_Pole" title="The Purchase of the North Pole">The Purchase of the North Pole</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cascabel" title="César Cascabel">César Cascabel</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistress_Branican" title="Mistress Branican">Mistress Branican</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Carpathian_Castle" title="The Carpathian Castle">The Carpathian Castle</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Bombarnac" title="Claudius Bombarnac">Claudius Bombarnac</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundling_Mick" title="Foundling Mick">Foundling Mick</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Antifer" title="Captain Antifer">Captain Antifer</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propeller_Island" title="Propeller Island">Propeller Island</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facing_the_Flag" title="Facing the Flag">Facing the Flag</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_Dardentor" title="Clovis Dardentor">Clovis Dardentor</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Antarctic_Mystery" title="An Antarctic Mystery">An Antarctic Mystery</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Orinoco" title="The Mighty Orinoco">The Mighty Orinoco</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Will_of_an_Eccentric" title="The Will of an Eccentric">The Will of an Eccentric</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Castaways_of_the_Flag" title="The Castaways of the Flag">The Castaways of the Flag</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Village_in_the_Treetops" title="The Village in the Treetops">The Village in the Treetops</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sea_Serpent" title="The Sea Serpent">The Sea Serpent</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kip_Brothers" title="The Kip Brothers">The Kip Brothers</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_Scholarships" title="Travel Scholarships">Travel Scholarships</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Drama_in_Livonia" title="A Drama in Livonia">A Drama in Livonia</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_World_(novel)" title="Master of the World (novel)">Master of the World</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Sea" title="Invasion of the Sea">Invasion of the Sea</a> (1905)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Drama_in_Mexico" title="A Drama in Mexico">A Drama in Mexico</a>" (1851)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Drama_in_the_Air" title="A Drama in the Air">A Drama in the Air</a>" (1851)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Martin_Paz" title="Martin Paz">Martin Paz</a>" (1852)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Master_Zacharius" title="Master Zacharius">Master Zacharius</a>" (1854)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Winter_amid_the_Ice" title="A Winter amid the Ice">A Winter amid the Ice</a>" (1855)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Count_of_Chanteleine" title="The Count of Chanteleine">The Count of Chanteleine</a>" (1864)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Blockade_Runners" title="The Blockade Runners">The Blockade Runners</a>" (1865)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dr._Ox%27s_Experiment" title="Dr. Ox's Experiment">Dr. Ox's Experiment</a>" (1872)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/An_Ideal_City" title="An Ideal City">An Ideal City</a>" (1875)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Mutineers_of_the_Bounty" title="The Mutineers of the Bounty">The Mutineers of the Bounty</a>" (1879)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Frritt-Flacc" title="Frritt-Flacc">Frritt-Flacc</a>" (1884)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gil_Braltar" title="Gil Braltar">Gil Braltar</a>" (1887)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_Year_2889_(short_story)" title="In the Year 2889 (short story)">In the Year 2889</a>" (1889)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Eternal_Adam" title="The Eternal Adam">The Eternal Adam</a>" (1910)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lighthouse_at_the_End_of_the_World" title="The Lighthouse at the End of the World">The Lighthouse at the End of the World</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Volcano" title="The Golden Volcano">The Golden Volcano</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Thompson_Travel_Agency" title="The Thompson Travel Agency">The Thompson Travel Agency</a> (1907, by Michel Verne)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chase_of_the_Golden_Meteor" title="The Chase of the Golden Meteor">The Chase of the Golden Meteor</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Danube_Pilot" title="The Danube Pilot">The Danube Pilot</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Survivors_of_the_%22Jonathan%22" title="The Survivors of the "Jonathan"">The Survivors of the "Jonathan"</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_Wilhelm_Storitz" title="The Secret of Wilhelm Storitz">The Secret of Wilhelm Storitz</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barsac_Mission" title="The Barsac Mission">The Barsac Mission</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backwards_to_Britain" title="Backwards to Britain">Backwards to Britain</a> (1989, written 1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Priest_in_1839" title="A Priest in 1839">A Priest in 1839</a> (1992, written ca. 1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_in_the_Twentieth_Century" title="Paris in the Twentieth Century">Paris in the Twentieth Century</a> (1994, written 1863)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Ox" title="Doctor Ox">Doctor Ox</a> (1874, short story collection)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_Through_the_Impossible" title="Journey Through the Impossible">Journey Through the Impossible</a> (1882, play)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Characters" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Aouda" title="Aouda">Aouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Ayrton" title="Tom Ayrton">Tom Ayrton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Farragut" title="David Farragut">David Farragut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phileas_Fogg" title="Phileas Fogg">Phileas Fogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Glenarvan" title="Lord Glenarvan">Lord Glenarvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Nemo" title="Captain Nemo">Captain Nemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Paganel" title="Jacques Paganel">Jacques Paganel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Passepartout" title="Jean Passepartout">Jean Passepartout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Smith" title="Cyrus Smith">Cyrus Smith</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_(fictional_submarine)" title="Nautilus (fictional submarine)">Nautilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sword" title="HMS Sword">HMS Sword</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Verne" title="Michel Verne">Michel Verne</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maison_de_Jules_Verne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maison de Jules Verne (page does not exist)">Jules Verne House</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_de_Jules_Verne" class="extiw" title="fr:Maison de Jules Verne">fr</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne%27s_tomb" title="Jules Verne's tomb">Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_influence_of_Jules_Verne" title="Cultural influence of Jules Verne">Cultural influence of Jules Verne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_Museum" title="Jules Verne Museum">Jules Verne Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_Awards" title="Jules Verne Awards">Jules Verne Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_Trophy" title="Jules Verne Trophy">Jules Verne Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_ATV" title="Jules Verne ATV">Jules Verne ATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_(crater)" title="Jules Verne (crater)">Jules Verne lunar crater</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jules_Verne" title="Category:Jules Verne">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Associated_subjects" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Associated_subjects" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Associated subjects</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jules_Verne&#039;s_Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth" title="Template:Journey to the Center of the Earth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth" title="Template talk:Journey to the Center of the Earth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Journey to the Center of the Earth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jules_Verne&#039;s_Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jules Verne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth">Journey to the Center of the Earth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth_(1959_film)" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth (1959 film)">1959 film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where_Time_Began" title="Where Time Began">Where Time Began</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_from_L.A." title="Alien from L.A.">Alien from L.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth_(1989_film)" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth (1989 film)">1989 film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth_(2008_direct-to-video_film)" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth (2008 direct-to-video film)">2008 direct-to-video film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth_(2008_theatrical_film)" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth (2008 theatrical film)">2008 theatrical film</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth_(TV_series)" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth (TV series)">1967 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth_(1977_film)" title="A Journey to the Center of the Earth (1977 film)">1977 TV film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Fog_2" title="Willy Fog 2">Willy Fog 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth_(1993_film)" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth (1993 film)">1993 TV film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth_(miniseries)" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth (miniseries)">1999 miniseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth_(2008_TV_film)" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth (2008 TV film)">2008 TV film</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Journey_to_the_Centre_of_the_Earth_(1984_video_game)" title="A Journey to the Centre of the Earth (1984 video game)">1984 video game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth_(2003_video_game)" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth (2003 video game)">2003 video game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth_(2008_video_game)" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth (2008 video game)">2008 video game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Centre_of_the_Earth_(album)" title="Journey to the Centre of the Earth (album)">1974 album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_2:_The_Mysterious_Island" title="Journey 2: The Mysterious Island">Journey 2: The Mysterious Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_Through_the_Impossible" title="Journey Through the Impossible">Journey Through the Impossible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth_(attraction)" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth (attraction)">Disney theme park attraction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jules_Verne&#039;s_From_the_Earth_to_the_Moon_and_Around_the_Moon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Verne%27s_Moon_Novels" title="Template:Verne's Moon Novels"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Verne%27s_Moon_Novels" title="Template talk:Verne's Moon Novels"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Verne%27s_Moon_Novels" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Verne's Moon Novels"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jules_Verne&#039;s_From_the_Earth_to_the_Moon_and_Around_the_Moon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jules Verne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/From_the_Earth_to_the_Moon" title="From the Earth to the Moon">From the Earth to the Moon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Around_the_Moon" title="Around the Moon">Around the Moon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film versions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Trip_to_the_Moon" title="A Trip to the Moon">A Trip to the Moon</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_the_Earth_to_the_Moon_(film)" title="From the Earth to the Moon (film)">From the Earth to the Moon</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne%27s_Rocket_to_the_Moon" title="Jules Verne's Rocket to the Moon">Jules Verne's Rocket to the Moon</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Le_voyage_dans_la_lune_(operetta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le voyage dans la lune (operetta)">Le voyage dans la lune</a> (operetta)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Trip_to_the_Moon_(Chronicle)" title="A Trip to the Moon (Chronicle)">A Trip to the Moon</a> (TV film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Mountain:_De_la_Terre_%C3%A0_la_Lune" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Mountain: De la Terre à la Lune">Space Mountain: De la Terre à la Lune</a> (ride)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyage:_Inspired_by_Jules_Verne" title="Voyage: Inspired by Jules Verne">Voyage: Inspired by Jules Verne</a> (video game)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autour_de_la_Lune" title="Autour de la Lune">Autour de la Lune</a> (album)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_the_Earth_to_the_Moon_(miniseries)" title="From the Earth to the Moon (miniseries)">From the Earth to the Moon</a> (miniseries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_voyage_dans_la_lune_(album)" title="Le voyage dans la lune (album)">Le voyage dans la lune</a> (album)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related works by Verne</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journey_Through_the_Impossible" title="Journey Through the Impossible">Journey Through the Impossible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Purchase_of_the_North_Pole" title="The Purchase of the North Pole">The Purchase of the North Pole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jules_Verne&#039;s_Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Seas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Sea" title="Template:Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Sea" title="Template talk:Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Sea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jules_Verne&#039;s_Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Seas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jules Verne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Seas" title="Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas">Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Farragut" title="David Farragut">David Farragut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Nemo" title="Captain Nemo">Captain Nemo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_(fictional_submarine)" title="Nautilus (fictional submarine)">Nautilus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Under_the_Seas" title="Under the Seas">Under the Seas</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20,000_Leagues_Under_the_Sea_(1916_film)" title="20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1916 film)">20,000 Leagues Under the Sea</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20,000_Leagues_Under_the_Sea_(1954_film)" title="20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954 film)">20,000 Leagues Under the Sea</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysterious_Island_(1961_film)" title="Mysterious Island (1961 film)">Mysterious Island</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Nemo_and_the_Underwater_City" title="Captain Nemo and the Underwater City">Captain Nemo and the Underwater City</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20,000_Leagues_Under_the_Sea_(1985_film)" title="20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1985 film)">20,000 Leagues Under the Sea</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20,000_Leagues_Under_the_Sea_(1997_film)" title="20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1997 film)">20,000 Leagues Under the Sea</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_League_of_Extraordinary_Gentlemen_(film)" title="The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (film)">The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/30,000_Leagues_Under_the_Sea#1990–2000s" class="mw-redirect" title="30,000 Leagues Under the Sea">30,000 Leagues Under the Sea</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Adventure_(TV_series)" title="Tales of Adventure (TV series)">Tales of Adventure</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Nemo_(miniseries)" title="Captain Nemo (miniseries)">Captain Nemo</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Undersea_Adventures_of_Captain_Nemo" title="The Undersea Adventures of Captain Nemo">The Undersea Adventures of Captain Nemo</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Captain_Nemo" title="The Return of Captain Nemo">The Return of Captain Nemo</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadia:_The_Secret_of_Blue_Water" title="Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water">Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Fog_2" title="Willy Fog 2">Willy Fog 2</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Strikers" title="Space Strikers">Space Strikers</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20,000_Leagues_Under_the_Sea_(1997_miniseries)" title="20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1997 miniseries)">20,000 Leagues Under the Sea</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Adventures_of_Jules_Verne" title="The Secret Adventures of Jules Verne">The Secret Adventures of Jules Verne</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_(TV_series)" title="Nautilus (TV series)">Nautilus</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Mysterious_Island" title="The Mysterious Island">The Mysterious Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Seas" title="Adaptations of Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas">List of adaptations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_Through_the_Impossible" title="Journey Through the Impossible">Journey Through the Impossible</a> (play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20,000_Leagues_Under_the_Sea:_Submarine_Voyage" title="20,000 Leagues Under the Sea: Submarine Voyage">20,000 Leagues Under the Sea: Submarine Voyage</a> (attraction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20,000_Leagues_Under_the_Sea_(Tokyo_DisneySea)" title="20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (Tokyo DisneySea)">Tokyo DisneySea attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_the_Nautilus" title="The Secret of the Nautilus">The Secret of the Nautilus</a> (video game)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Nemo_(comics)" title="Captain Nemo (comics)">Captain Nemo</a> (manga)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_League_of_Extraordinary_Gentlemen" title="The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen">The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen</a> (graphic novel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Cybermen" title="Legend of the Cybermen">Legend of the Cybermen</a> (audio)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Captain_Nemo_(song)" title="Captain Nemo (song)">Captain Nemo</a>" (song)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jules_Verne&#039;s_Around_the_World_in_Eighty_Days" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Around_the_World_in_80_Days" title="Template:Around the World in 80 Days"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Around_the_World_in_80_Days" title="Template talk:Around the World in 80 Days"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Around_the_World_in_80_Days" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Around the World in 80 Days"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jules_Verne&#039;s_Around_the_World_in_Eighty_Days" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jules Verne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_Eighty_Days" title="Around the World in Eighty Days">Around the World in Eighty Days</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phileas_Fogg" title="Phileas Fogg">Phileas Fogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Passepartout" title="Jean Passepartout">Jean Passepartout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aouda" title="Aouda">Aouda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_Eighty_Days_(1919_film)" title="Around the World in Eighty Days (1919 film)">1919 silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(1956_film)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (1956 film)">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Stooges_Go_Around_the_World_in_a_Daze" title="The Three Stooges Go Around the World in a Daze">The Three Stooges Go Around the World in a Daze</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(1988_film)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (1988 film)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(2004_film)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (2004 film)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(2021_film)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (2021 film)">2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_Eighty_Days_(1972_TV_series)" title="Around the World in Eighty Days (1972 TV series)">1972–73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_with_Willy_Fog" title="Around the World with Willy Fog">Around the World with Willy Fog</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(miniseries)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (miniseries)">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_with_Michael_Palin" title="Around the World in 80 Days with Michael Palin">Around the World in 80 Days with Michael Palin</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(2009_TV_series)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (2009 TV series)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(2021_TV_series)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (2021 TV series)">2021–22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagagutsu_o_Haita_Neko:_Sekai_Issh%C5%AB_80_Nichi_Dai_B%C5%8Dken" title="Nagagutsu o Haita Neko: Sekai Isshū 80 Nichi Dai Bōken">Nagagutsu o Haita Neko: Sekai Isshū 80 Nichi Dai Bōken</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(video_game)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (video game)">Around the World in 80 Days</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/80_Days_(2005_video_game)" title="80 Days (2005 video game)">80 Days</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/80_Days_(2014_video_game)" title="80 Days (2014 video game)">80 Days</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_(musical)" title="Around the World (musical)">Around the World</a> (musical)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(Alton_Towers)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (Alton Towers)">Around the World in 80 Days</a> (ride)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(board_game)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (board game)">Around the World in 80 Days</a> (board game)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_(1956_song)" title="Around the World (1956 song)">Around the World</a>" (song)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(Palin_book)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (Palin book)">Around the World in 80 Days</a> (Michael Palin book)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Log_of_Phileas_Fogg" title="The Other Log of Phileas Fogg">The Other Log of Phileas Fogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_20_Years" title="Around the World in 20 Years">Around the World in 20 Years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_Seventy-Two_Days" title="Around the World in Seventy-Two Days">Around the World in Seventy-Two Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Boy_Scout_Around_the_World" title="A Boy Scout Around the World">A Boy Scout Around the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweety%27s_High-Flying_Adventure" title="Tweety's High-Flying Adventure">Tweety's High-Flying Adventure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jules_Verne&#039;s_The_Mysterious_Island" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Mysterious_Island" title="Template:The Mysterious Island"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Mysterious_Island" title="Template talk:The Mysterious Island"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Mysterious_Island" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Mysterious Island"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jules_Verne&#039;s_The_Mysterious_Island" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jules Verne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Mysterious_Island" title="The Mysterious Island">The Mysterious Island</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Smith" title="Cyrus Smith">Cyrus Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Ayrton" title="Tom Ayrton">Tom Ayrton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Nemo" title="Captain Nemo">Captain Nemo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20,000_Leagues_Under_the_Sea_(1916_film)" title="20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1916 film)">20,000 Leagues Under the Sea</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mysterious_Island_(1929_film)" title="The Mysterious Island (1929 film)">The Mysterious Island</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysterious_Island_(1941_film)" title="Mysterious Island (1941 film)">Mysterious Island</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysterious_Island_(serial)" title="Mysterious Island (serial)">Mysterious Island</a> (1951 serial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysterious_Island_(1961_film)" title="Mysterious Island (1961 film)">Mysterious Island</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysterious_Island_(2005_film)" title="Mysterious Island (2005 film)">Mysterious Island</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_2:_The_Mysterious_Island" title="Journey 2: The Mysterious Island">Journey 2: The Mysterious Island</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne%27s_Mysterious_Island_(2012_film)" title="Jules Verne's Mysterious Island (2012 film)">Jules Verne's Mysterious Island</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_isla_misteriosa_y_el_capit%C3%A1n_Nemo" title="La isla misteriosa y el capitán Nemo">La isla misteriosa y el capitán Nemo</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Nemo_(miniseries)" title="Captain Nemo (miniseries)">Captain Nemo</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysterious_Island_(TV_series)" title="Mysterious Island (TV series)">Mysterious Island</a> (1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Return_to_Mysterious_Island" title="Return to Mysterious Island">Return to Mysterious Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_to_Mysterious_Island_2" title="Return to Mysterious Island 2">Return to Mysterious Island 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_the_Castaways" title="In Search of the Castaways">In Search of the Castaways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Seas" title="Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas">Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Nemo:_The_Fantastic_History_of_a_Dark_Genius" title="Captain Nemo: The Fantastic History of a Dark Genius">Captain Nemo: The Fantastic History of a Dark Genius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysterious_Island_(Tokyo_DisneySea)" title="Mysterious Island (Tokyo DisneySea)">Mysterious Island (Tokyo DisneySea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stolen_Airship" title="The Stolen Airship">The Stolen Airship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadia:_The_Secret_of_Blue_Water" title="Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water">Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_(fictional_submarine)" title="Nautilus (fictional submarine)">Nautilus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jules_Verne&#039;s_Michael_Strogoff" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Michael_Strogoff" title="Template:Michael Strogoff"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Michael_Strogoff" title="Template talk:Michael Strogoff"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Michael_Strogoff" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Michael Strogoff"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jules_Verne&#039;s_Michael_Strogoff" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jules Verne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Michael_Strogoff" title="Michael Strogoff">Michael Strogoff</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Strogoff_(1926_film)" title="Michel Strogoff (1926 film)">Michel Strogoff</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Strogoff_(1936_film)" title="Michel Strogoff (1936 film)">Michel Strogoff</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Czar%27s_Courier" title="The Czar's Courier">The Czar's Courier</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Soldier_and_the_Lady" title="The Soldier and the Lady">The Soldier and the Lady</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Strogoff_(1944_film)" title="Michael Strogoff (1944 film)">Michael Strogoff</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Strogoff_(1956_film)" title="Michel Strogoff (1956 film)">Michel Strogoff</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Triumph_of_Michael_Strogoff" title="The Triumph of Michael Strogoff">The Triumph of Michael Strogoff</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strogoff" title="Strogoff">Strogoff</a> (1970)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Strogoff_(miniseries)" title="Michel Strogoff (miniseries)">Michel Strogoff</a> (1976)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jules_Verne&#039;s_In_Search_of_the_Castaways" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:In_Search_of_the_Castaways" title="Template:In Search of the Castaways"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:In_Search_of_the_Castaways" title="Template talk:In Search of the Castaways"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:In_Search_of_the_Castaways" title="Special:EditPage/Template:In Search of the Castaways"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jules_Verne&#039;s_In_Search_of_the_Castaways" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jules Verne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_the_Castaways" title="In Search of the Castaways">In Search of the Castaways</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Ayrton" title="Tom Ayrton">Tom Ayrton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Glenarvan" title="Lord Glenarvan">Lord Glenarvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Paganel" title="Jacques Paganel">Jacques Paganel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Children_of_Captain_Grant_(film)" title="The Children of Captain Grant (film)">The Children of Captain Grant</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_the_Castaways_(film)" title="In Search of the Castaways (film)">In Search of the Castaways</a> (1962)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In_Search_for_Captain_Grant" title="In Search for Captain Grant">In Search for Captain Grant</a> (1986 miniseries)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sequel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Mysterious_Island" title="The Mysterious Island">The Mysterious Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Sf-userbox.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sf-userbox.png/19px-Sf-userbox.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sf-userbox.png/29px-Sf-userbox.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sf-userbox.png/38px-Sf-userbox.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Science fiction">Science fiction</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/21px-Book_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/32px-Book_collection.jpg 1.5x, 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33977#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121400562">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/76323989">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/37290/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJymyWhwM8ywT3CTPHfcyd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118626620">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79064013">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11928016k">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11928016k">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00459687">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV000569">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35580378">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990008769&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000081006&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000015361&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1719615">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521940706706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14154311">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01098394?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500253402">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/c547fc86-22c6-4056-ae83-ba976f510ec5">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1002701">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118626620.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118626620">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027181685">IdRef</a></li><li><a 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