CINXE.COM
The current issue of JAMA | JAMA Network
<!DOCTYPE html> <html id="doc" lang="en" class="page-currentissue"> <head id="Head1"> <!-- charset must appear in the first 1024 bytes of the document --> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <script> var SCM = SCM || {}; if (SCM.AMA && SCM.AMA.DataLayerAsync) { SCM.AMA.DataLayerAsync.push("arrSisAffinity", "", "array"); SCM.AMA.DataLayerAsync.push("SubStatus", "no", "string"); } var googletag = window.googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; if (typeof Storage !== "undefined") { var targetingParamStr = localStorage.getItem("bcDFPTargetingParams"); if (targetingParamStr) { var targetingParameters = JSON.parse(targetingParamStr); // set page-level targeting parameters jQuery.each(targetingParameters, function (index, param) { googletag.cmd.push(function () { window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting(param.key, param.value); }); }); } } if (!googletag.pubads) { (function () { var gads = document.createElement('script'); var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol; gads.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js'; gads.setAttribute("async", ""); gads.setAttribute("defer", ""); var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node); })(); var App = App || {}; App.Ads = App.Ads || {}; App.Ads.adPath = App.Ads.adPath || '/6479/' + 'ama.jama'; App.Ads.Mappings = App.Ads.Mappings || {}; App.Ads.slots = App.Ads.slots || []; App.Ads.fromGoogle = !('yes' === 'yes'); App.isCollection = App.isCollection || !!document.getElementsByClassName('pg_collection').length; googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.pubads() .setTargeting('environment', ['newjama']) .setTargeting('site', ['ama.jama']) .setTargeting('sect', ['current']) .setTargeting('sub', ['no']) .setTargeting('device', ['Mozilla%2F4.0%20%28compatible%3B%20MSIE%207.0%3B%20Windows%20NT%206.0%3B%20SLCC1%3B%20.NET%20CLR%202.0.50727%3B%20.NET%20CLR%203.0.04506%3B%20.NET%20CLR%203.5.21022%3B%20.NET%20CLR%201.0.3705%3B%20.NET%20CLR%201.1.4322%29']) .setTargeting('usaphys', ['no']) .setTargeting('memberstat', ['no']) .setTargeting('pracset', ['']) .setTargeting('specialty', ['other']) .setTargeting('occupation', ['']) .setTargeting('useraffinity', ['']) .setTargeting('direct', ['yes']) .setTargeting('bot', ['']) .setTargeting('datacenter', ['no']) .setTargeting('selfMPA', ['']) .setTargeting('selfSpecialty', ['']); if (App.isCollection) { googletag.pubads().setTargeting('collection', ['']); } var testParam = getQueryVariable('test'); if (testParam) { googletag.pubads().setTargeting('test', [testParam]); } function getQueryVariable(variable) { var query = window.location.search.substring(1); var vars = query.split('&'); for (var i = 0; i < vars.length; i++) { var pair = vars[i].split('='); if (decodeURIComponent(pair[0]) == variable) { return decodeURIComponent(pair[1]); } } } googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.enableServices(); }); } </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" /><link rel="shortcut icon" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/img/favicons/jama/favicon.ico"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/img/favicons/jama/favicon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/img/favicons/jama/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/dist/app.min.css?v=638677764476993385"> <meta property="og:title" content="The current issue of JAMA" /> <meta property="og:type" content="Issue" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/images/logos/JAMA.png" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Read the current issue. Keep up to date with the latest research, clinical reviews, and opinions." /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="87087958340" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="122228711814384" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="1648414928738217" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="117506346528" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="97538728726" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="114116793520" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="100679858757" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="759822190741773" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="100265333750" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="234770525256" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="98784919862" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="120829458202" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="124842870398" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="110245330325636" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@JAMA_current" /> <title>The current issue of JAMA | JAMA Network</title> <meta name="description" content="Read the current issue. Keep up to date with the latest research, clinical reviews, and opinions."> <link rel="canonical" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue" /> <script type = "application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Periodical", "name": "JAMA", "hasPart": [ { "@id": "vol332", "@type": "PublicationVolume", "volumeNumber": "332", "hasPart": [ { "@id": "issue19", "@type": "PublicationIssue", "issueNumber": "19", "datePublished": "November 19, 2024" } ] } ], "issn": [ "0098-7484", "1538-3598" ], "publisher": "JAMA" } </script> <script src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/dist/head.min.js?v=638677764511843155"></script> <script src="https://r451.jamanetwork.com/script.js" defer></script> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_HeaderScript"> <meta class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncHeaderAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_HeaderScript" data-params="{"parameters":{"siteName":"jama","siteId":3,"journalId":67,"adDisplay":0,"adSection":"current","adPosition":"","fromGoogle":false},"dynamicParameters":{"localParams":"[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]"}}"> </div> </head> <body data-sitename="jama" class="pg_currentissue " data-thm="jama"> <script> var App = App || {}; App.suppressAds = App.suppressAds || !!document.getElementsByClassName('suppress-ads').length; App.suppressGtm = App.suppressGtm || !!document.getElementsByClassName('suppress-gtm').length; </script> <div id="ad-interstitial" class="ad-interstitial"> <script defer> googletag.cmd.push(function() { if (App.suppressAds) { return; } // Define a web interstitial ad slot. let interstitialSlot = googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot( App.Ads.adPath + '/current', googletag.enums.OutOfPageFormat.INTERSTITIAL, ); if (interstitialSlot) { App.Ads.slots[13] = interstitialSlot; // Enable optional interstitial triggers and register the slot. interstitialSlot .setTargeting('pos', ['interstitial']) .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setConfig({ interstitial: { triggers: { navBar: true, unhideWindow: true, }, }, }); googletag.display(interstitialSlot); googletag.pubads().refresh([interstitialSlot], { changeCorrelator: false }); googletag.enableServices(); } }); </script> </div> <a class="accessible js-skip-to-navigation" href="#skip-to-navigation">[Skip to Navigation]</a> <!-- Google Tag Manager --><noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WNKSNP" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WNKSNP');</script><!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <span class="hide tagmanagervalue" data-attribute="productName" data-value="JAMA" data-type="string"></span> <form method="post" action="./currentissue" id="webform" class="m0"> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="Cifw7iZT0Ia4xmp24XIWsWfPy8PYwf6foSqY8bw3erchuETpkVsxBwXF9b9sckZ1x+KGyE700Uh6+c5Q8pJALsUWw9Y=" /> </div> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" value="CB29483B" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTVALIDATION" id="__EVENTVALIDATION" value="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" /> </div> <input id="hdnSiteID" type="hidden" value="3" /> <input id="hdnDomain" type="hidden" value=".jamanetwork.com" /> <section class="master-header"> <script type='text/javascript'> var App = App || {}; App.LoginUserInfo = { isInstLoggedIn: [0], currentSessionId: 'k01fbb13ykc2tgslylqiuenh' }; </script> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfGlobalSearchSiteURL" type="hidden" id="hfGlobalSearchSiteURL" value="https://jamanetwork.com/" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsPaidUser" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsPaidUser" value="false" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsMember" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsMember" value="false" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppSubscribedTo" type="hidden" id="hfAppSubscribedTo" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsIndividual" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsIndividual" value="false" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppHasAccess" type="hidden" id="hfAppHasAccess" value="false" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsReferredFromGoogle" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsReferredFromGoogle" value="False" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfSolrAutoSuggestMinimumCharactersLength" type="hidden" id="hfSolrAutoSuggestMinimumCharactersLength" value="2" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfSolrJournalName" type="hidden" id="hfSolrJournalName" value="JAMA" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfSolrJournalID" type="hidden" id="hfSolrJournalID" value="J67" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsLucy" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsLucy" value="false" /> <div class="header-wrap"> <header class="header"> <div class="widget-GdprCookieBanner widget-instance-GdprCookieBanner"> <div class="gdpr-cookie-wrapper js-gdpr-banner"> <div class="gdpr-cookie-body"> Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/privacy-policy#cookies">Cookie Policy</a> <span class="pipe">|</span> <a href="javascript:;" class="js-gdpr-cookie-acceptLink at-acceptgdpr">Continue</a> </div> <input id="hdnDomain" type="hidden" value=".jamanetwork.com" /> <input id="hdnDomainGdpr" type="hidden" value=".jamanetwork.com" /> <input id="hdnClientIdGdpr" type="hidden" value="3" /> </div> </div> <div class="network-bar"> <a class="jama-network" href="/" title="JAMA Network Home"> <img alt="JAMA Network Home" class="title-image" width="443" height="52" src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/Jama_Network_Logo.svg"> </a> </div> <a class="nav-toggler" href="#nav"> <div class="nav-toggler-indicator"> <span class="indicator-stroke"></span> <span class="indicator-stroke"></span> <span class="indicator-stroke"></span> <span class="indicator-stroke"></span> </div> <div class="nav-toggler-site"> <span id="BodyContent_Header_siteFullNamenav" class="nav-toggler-microsite"><span class='network'>JAMA</span></span> </div> </a> <nav id="nav" class="nav hide" > <div class="nav-journal-level sb-nav-journal-level"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_0" class="home">Home</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/newonline" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_1" class="new-online">New Online</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_2" class="current-issue">Current Issue</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/for-authors" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_3" class="for-authors">For Authors</a> </div> <div class="nav-journals"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-HamburgerPublicationMenu"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="HamburgerPublicationMenu" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .nav-journals {margin-bottom: 1em;} .nav-heading {color: #B9B9B9;border-bottom: 0;border-top: 1px solid #242424;font-size: 1.15em;font-weight: 400;margin: 0;padding: .7em .75em .25em;text-transform: uppercase;} a.no-bullet:before {content:none !important;} .nav-heading {font-size: 1.15em;margin-bottom:0;padding-left: 38px;} /* .nav-journals a.theme-jama {background-color: #242424;border-bottom: 1px solid #fff;border-top: 1px solid #fff;color: #fff;font-size: 1.15em;margin-bottom: 8px;padding: 11px 0 9px 37px;} .nav-journals a.theme-jama::before {background: unset;content: "\e91b";display: none;font-family: ama_icons !important;font-size: 1.25em;line-height: 1;} .nav-journals a.theme-jama-network-open {border-bottom:0;} */ .nav .widget-instance-HamburgerPublicationMenu a {padding-left: 36px;} .fake-ribbon {border-left: 8px solid #BE1E32;} .fake-ribbon a:before {content:none;} .nav .widget-instance-HamburgerPublicationMenu .fake-ribbon a {padding-left:30px;} .nav-journals a.theme-plus:before {background:#d71635;} .nav-journals a.theme-jama-network-open {border-bottom:0;} </style> <h2 class="nav-heading">JAMA+</h2> <a href="/channels/ai" class="theme-plus">AI</a> <h2 class="nav-heading">Journals</h2> <a href="/journals/jama" class="theme-jama">JAMA</a> <a href="/journals/jamanetworkopen" class="theme-jama-network-open">JAMA Network Open</a> <a href="/journals/jamacardiology" class="theme-jama-cardiology">JAMA Cardiology</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology" class="theme-jama-dermatology">JAMA Dermatology</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum" class="theme-jama-health-forum">JAMA Health Forum</a> <a href="/journals/jamainternalmedicine" class="theme-jama-internal-medicine">JAMA Internal Medicine</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology" class="theme-jama-neurology">JAMA Neurology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaoncology" class="theme-jama-oncology">JAMA Oncology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaophthalmology" class="theme-jama-ophthalmology">JAMA Ophthalmology </a> <a href="/journals/jamaotolaryngology" class="theme-jama-otolaryngology-head-neck-surgery">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/jamapediatrics" class="theme-jama-pediatrics">JAMA Pediatrics</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry" class="theme-jama-psychiatry">JAMA Psychiatry</a> <a href="/journals/jamasurgery" class="theme-jama-surgery">JAMA Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/archneurpsyc" class="theme-archives-of-neurology-psychiatry-1919-1959-">Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959)</a> <h2 class="nav-heading">Podcasts</h2> <a href="/journals/jama/pages/jama-clinical-reviews">Clinical Reviews</a> <a href="/journals/jama/pages/jama-editors-summary">Editors' Summary</a> <a href="/journals/jama/pages/jama-medical-news">Medical News</a> <a href="/journals/jama/pages/jama-author-interviews">Author Interviews</a> <a href="/pages/audio" class="no-bullet">More</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nav-network-other"> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_0" class="is-b link-jn-learning-cme" target="_blank">JN Learning / CME</a><a href="https://store.jamanetwork.com/index.aspx?productcode=64" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_1" class="is-b link-subscribe" target="_blank">Subscribe</a><a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_2" class="is-b link-jobs" target="_blank">Jobs</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/resources-for-librarians" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_3" class="is-b link-institutions-librarians">Institutions / Librarians</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/reprints-and-permissions" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_4" class="is-b link-reprints-permissions" rel="nofollow">Reprints & Permissions</a> </div> <div class="white text-xxs"> <div class="p05 ml4 mr3 mb1 mt10 flex hamburger-menu-legal"> <a href="/pages/conditions-of-use" class="p0" rel="nofollow">Terms of Use</a> <span class="pl1 pr1">| </span> <a href="/pages/privacy-policy" class="p0" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a> <span class="pl1 pr1">| </span> <a href="/pages/accessibility-statement" class="p0" rel="nofollow">Accessibility Statement</a> </div> <div class="ta-c"> <span class="pb1">2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved</span> </div> </div> </nav> <a class="toolbar-search-trigger is-b" data-mobile-tog-target=".site-search"></a> <div id="site-search" role="search" class="site-search"> <div class="site-search-bar"> <div role="search"> <select name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$ddlForSearch" id="BodyContent_Header_ddlForSearch" Name="dropDownList" class="cs-select cs-skin-border" title="Search Site Selector" role="options" aria-labelledby="searchLabel"> <option value="J*">Search All</option> <option value="3">JAMA</option> <option value="214">JAMA Network Open</option> <option value="192">JAMA Cardiology</option> <option value="12">JAMA Dermatology</option> <option value="261">JAMA Forum Archive</option> <option value="193">JAMA Health Forum</option> <option value="15">JAMA Internal Medicine</option> <option value="16">JAMA Neurology</option> <option value="159">JAMA Oncology</option> <option value="17">JAMA Ophthalmology</option> <option value="18">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery</option> <option value="19">JAMA Pediatrics</option> <option value="14">JAMA Psychiatry</option> <option value="20">JAMA Surgery</option> <option value="23">Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry</option> </select> </div> <div class="search-input-container"> <input type="search" name="textbox" autocomplete="off" role="textbox" id="search-term" aria-labelledby="searchLabel" class="search-term at-microsite-search-term" placeholder="Enter Search Term" maxlength="255" title="Enter Search Term"> <ul id="umbrellaSiteAutoCompleteResults" class="term-list hidden"></ul> <label style="display:none" for="umbrellaSiteSearchInputHint" id="searchLabel">Input Search Term</label> <input class="searchTerm search-input" name="textbox" role="textbox" type="text" id="umbrellaSiteSearchInputHint" aria-labelledby="searchLabel" title="Input Search Term" autocomplete="off"> </div> <!-- /.search-input-container --> <a name="button" role="button" class="search-button is-b js-search-button" alt="search button" href="/searchresults"></a> </div> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_auth" class="auth"> <a class="auth--trigger is-b is-a" href="javascript:;"> <span id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_spnUserFullName" class="user-full-name">Sign In</span> </a> <div class="auth--dropdown js-signIn-dropdown"> <div class="auth--option auth--ind"> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_divUserFullName" class="auth--ind-user"></div> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_divIndSignIn" class="auth--ind-auth"> <div class="auth--title">Individual Sign In</div> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fjournals%2fjama%2fcurrentissue" id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_oauthSignInLink" rel="nofollow" class="auth--ind-sign-in">Sign in</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fjournals%2fjama%2fcurrentissue" id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_oauthSignUpLink" rel="nofollow" class="auth--ind-create">Create an Account</a> </div> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_divInstSignIn" class="auth--option auth--inst"> <div class="auth--inst-auth"> <div class="auth--title">Access through your institution</div> <a href="/signinshibboleth?returnUrl=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fjournals%2fjama%2fcurrentissue" id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_institutionSignIn" rel="nofollow" class="auth--shib">Sign In</a> </div> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_divPurchaseOptions" class="auth--option auth--purchase"> <div class="auth--title">Purchase Options:</div> <a id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_lnkSubscribeJournal" class="auth--subscribe" rel="nofollow" href="https://store.jamanetwork.com/index.aspx?productcode=64">Subscribe to the JAMA journal</a> </div> </div> </div> </header> </div> <div class="editors-choice-header"> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Header_divAds" class="header-ad-wrap sb-background-primary-dark"> <div class="leader-ad desktop-only"> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_LeaderboardAd"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_LeaderboardAd" data-params="{"parameters":{"siteName":"jama","siteId":3,"journalId":67,"adDisplay":1,"adSection":"current","adPosition":"atf","fromGoogle":false},"dynamicParameters":{"localParams":"[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]"}}"></div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.header-ad-wrap --> </section> <section class="master-main"> <a id="skip-to-navigation" href="#" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="widget-IssuesTabbedView widget-instance-AMA_Current_Issue"> <div class="issue-view-links"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/newonline/2024/11" class="issue-view-trigger new-online-trigger tabs--link ">New <span>Online</span></a> <a class="issue-view-trigger current-issue-trigger tabs--link target-tab-active thm-col-sec">Current <span>Issue</span></a> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/issue/332/18" class="issue-view-trigger past-issues-trigger tabs--link ">Past <span>Issues</span></a> </div> <div class="issue-view-tabs"> <div id="current-issue" class="issue-view-tab current-issue tab-active"> <div class="issue-view-tab--contents"> <div class="widget-IssuesNextAndPrevious widget-instance-AMA_Current_Issue"> <div class="issue-pagination"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/issue/332/18" class="previous"><span class="icon-left"></span></a> <span class="next disabled"><span class="icon-right"></span></span> </div><!-- /.issue-pagination --> </div> <div class="widget-ArticleListWithTocHeadings widget-instance-AMA_CurrentIssue_ArticleList"> <span class="hide tagmanagervalue" data-attribute="issueVolume" data-value="332" data-type="string"></span> <span class="hide tagmanagervalue" data-attribute="issueNo" data-value="19," data-type="string"></span> <span class="hide tagmanagervalue" data-attribute="publishDate" data-value="November 19, 2024" data-type="string"></span> <div class="issue--info"> <a class="issue--journal-rss is-b" href="/rss/site_3/67.xml"></a> <h1 class="issue--text fw-5"> <span><strong>November 19, 2024</strong>,</span> <span>Vol 332,</span> <span>No. 19,</span> <span>Pages </span>1595<span>-</span>1682 </h1> </div> <div id="this-week-in-jama" class="issue-group group--this-week-in-jama"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">This Week in JAMA</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <div class="nopdf"></div> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825493">Audio Highlights<span class="subtitle"><span class="colon-for-citation-subtitle">: </span>October 19-25, 2024</span></a> </h3> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825493">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825493">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="badges"> <span class="badge icon-free"><span class="sr-t">free access</span></span> <span class="badge icon-online_only"><span class="sr-t">online only</span></span> <span class="badge icon-audio"><span class="sr-t">has audio</span></span> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):e2318437. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.18437</span> </div> <ul class="article--linked-audios no-bullet ml0 mt05"> <li class="article--linked-audio"> <div class="article--author-interview fw-b"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18922516" target="_blank"><i class="icon-podcast black"></i></a> <div class="article--author-interview-text text-small"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18922516" target="_blank" class="thm-col">Podcast:</a> Declaration of Helsinki Revision, Fewer Chemotherapy Cycles for Retinoblastoma, Staffing in Dialysis Centers, and more </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="movable-ad-target"> </div> <div id="original-investigation" class="issue-group group--original-investigation"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">Original Investigation</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <h4 class="superClassification">Caring for the Critically Ill Patient</h4> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2824930/jama_taccone_2024_oi_240114_1731080344.08481.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2824930" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2824930/jama_taccone_2024_oi_240114_1731080344.08481.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824930">Restrictive vs Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Patients With Acute Brain Injury<span class="subtitle"><span class="colon-for-citation-subtitle">: </span>The TRAIN Randomized Clinical Trial</span></a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Fabio Silvio Taccone, MD, PhD; Carla Rynkowski Bittencourt, MD, PhD; Kirsten Møller, MD, PhD; et al. </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2824930">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824930">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="badges"> <span class="badge icon-quiz_cme"><span class="sr-t">has active quiz</span></span> <span class="badge icon-audio"><span class="sr-t">has audio</span></span> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1623-1633. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20424</span> </div> <div class="article--excerpt"><p class="para">This randomized clinical trial assesses the effect of a liberal vs a restrictive hemoglobin threshold for red blood cell transfusion on unfavorable neurological outcome in patients with acute brain injury.</p></div> <ul class="article--linked-audios no-bullet ml0 mt05"> <li class="article--linked-audio"> <div class="article--author-interview fw-b"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18918603" target="_blank"><i class="icon-podcast black"></i></a> <div class="article--author-interview-text text-small"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18918603" target="_blank" class="thm-col">Podcast:</a> JAMA Critical Care Research at ESICM Congress 2024 </div> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="article--linked-articles"> <li class="linked-article--article editorial"> <div class="linked-article--type thm-col">Editorial</div> <a class="linked-article--title angled-line" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824932">Shifting Balance of the Risk-Benefit of Restrictive Transfusion Strategies in Neurocritically Ill Patients—Is Less Still More?</a> <div class="linked-article--authors"> Alexis F. Turgeon, MD, MSc; François Lauzier, MD, MSc </div> <div class="linked-article--journal-name"> JAMA </div> <ul class="article--linked-audios no-bullet ml0 mt05"> <li class="article--linked-audio"> <div class="article--author-interview fw-b"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18918603" target="_blank"><i class="icon-podcast black"></i></a> <div class="article--author-interview-text text-small"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18918603" target="_blank" class="thm-col">Podcast:</a> JAMA Critical Care Research at ESICM Congress 2024 </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825162/jama_ye_2024_oi_240113_1731080348.59663.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825162" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825162/jama_ye_2024_oi_240113_1731080348.59663.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825162">Three vs 6 Cycles of Chemotherapy for High-Risk Retinoblastoma<span class="subtitle"><span class="colon-for-citation-subtitle">: </span>A Randomized Clinical Trial</span></a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Huijing Ye, MD, PhD; Kang Xue, MD; Ping Zhang, MD, PhD; et al. </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825162">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825162">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1634-1641. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19981</span> </div> <div class="article--excerpt"><p class="para">This randomized clinical trial examines whether 3 cycles of carboplatin, etoposide, and vincristine chemotherapy is noninferior to 6 cycles for enucleated unilateral retinoblastoma with high-risk pathological features.</p></div> <ul class="article--linked-articles"> <li class="linked-article--article editorial"> <div class="linked-article--type thm-col">Editorial</div> <a class="linked-article--title angled-line" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825271">Meeting the Unmet Needs in Rare Cancer<span class="subtitle"><span class="colon-for-citation-subtitle">: </span>Advancing Treatment Options for Retinoblastoma and Beyond</span></a> <div class="linked-article--authors"> Ning Li, MD; Shuhang Wang, MD; Guo Zhao, MD </div> <div class="linked-article--journal-name"> JAMA </div> </li> <li class="linked-article--article invited-commentary"> <div class="linked-article--type thm-col">Invited Commentary</div> <a class="linked-article--title angled-line" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825227">Three vs 6 Cycles of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma</a> <div class="linked-article--authors"> Ann M. Leahey, MD; Amish Shah, MD, PhD; Carol L. Shields, MD </div> <div class="linked-article--journal-name"> JAMA Ophthalmol </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2824276/jama_lee_2024_oi_240098_1731080352.26956.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2824276" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2824276/jama_lee_2024_oi_240098_1731080352.26956.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824276">Screening for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> to Prevent Gastric Cancer<span class="subtitle"><span class="colon-for-citation-subtitle">: </span>A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial</span></a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Yi-Chia Lee, MD, PhD; Tsung-Hsien Chiang, MD, PhD; Han-Mo Chiu, MD, PhD; et al. </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2824276">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824276">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="badges"> <span class="badge icon-audio"><span class="sr-t">has audio</span></span> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1642-1651. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.14887</span> </div> <div class="article--excerpt"><p class="para">This randomized clinical trial evaluates the effects of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> stool antigen assessment plus fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), vs FIT alone, on gastric cancer incidence and mortality among adults in Taiwan.</p></div> <ul class="article--linked-audios no-bullet ml0 mt05"> <li class="article--linked-audio"> <div class="article--author-interview fw-b"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18915757" target="_blank"><i class="icon-podcast black"></i></a> <div class="article--author-interview-text text-small"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18915757" target="_blank" class="thm-col">Podcast:</a> Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) and Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen Co-Testing for Gastric Cancer </div> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="article--linked-articles"> <li class="linked-article--article editorial"> <div class="linked-article--type thm-col">Editorial</div> <a class="linked-article--title angled-line" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824280">Fecal Immunochemical Test and <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Stool Antigen Co-Testing<span class="subtitle"><span class="colon-for-citation-subtitle">: </span>A Potential Approach for Gastric Cancer Screening</span></a> <div class="linked-article--authors"> M. Constanza Camargo, PhD, MSc, MHA </div> <div class="linked-article--journal-name"> JAMA </div> <ul class="article--linked-audios no-bullet ml0 mt05"> <li class="article--linked-audio"> <div class="article--author-interview fw-b"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18915757" target="_blank"><i class="icon-podcast black"></i></a> <div class="article--author-interview-text text-small"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18915757" target="_blank" class="thm-col">Podcast:</a> Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) and Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen Co-Testing for Gastric Cancer </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="research-letter" class="issue-group group--research-letter"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">Research Letter</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825312/jama_li_2024_ld_240068_1731080365.47439.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825312" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825312/jama_li_2024_ld_240068_1731080365.47439.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825312">GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and SGLT2 Inhibitor Prescribing in People With Type 1 Diabetes</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Piaopiao Li, MS; Zhiyan Li, MPH; Elizabeth Staton, BA; et al. </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825312">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825312">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1667-1669. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18581</span> </div> <div class="article--excerpt"><p class="para">This pooled cross-sectional study explores prescribing rates for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors among US patients with type 1 diabetes.</p></div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2824688/jama_collier_2024_ld_240078_1731080363.34598.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2824688" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2824688/jama_collier_2024_ld_240078_1731080363.34598.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824688">Decline of Mpox Antibody Responses After Modified Vaccinia Ankara–Bavarian Nordic Vaccination</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Ai-ris Y. Collier, MD; Katherine McMahan, MS; Catherine Jacob-Dolan, PhD; et al. </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2824688">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824688">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="badges"> <span class="badge icon-free"><span class="sr-t">free access</span></span> <span class="badge icon-audio"><span class="sr-t">has audio</span></span> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1669-1672. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20951</span> </div> <div class="article--excerpt"><p class="para">This study assesses mpox-specific immune responses for 12 months after MVA-BN vaccination.</p></div> <ul class="article--linked-audios no-bullet ml0 mt05"> <li class="article--linked-audio"> <div class="article--author-interview fw-b"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18929551" target="_blank"><i class="icon-podcast black"></i></a> <div class="article--author-interview-text text-small"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18929551" target="_blank" class="thm-col">Podcast:</a> Mpox Treatment Strategies, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnostic Approaches </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="viewpoint" class="issue-group group--viewpoint"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">Viewpoint</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <h4 class="superClassification">Health and the 2024 US Election</h4> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2823961/jama_shachar_2024_vp_240115_1731080337.72966.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2823961" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2823961/jama_shachar_2024_vp_240115_1731080337.72966.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2823961">Preventive Care Coverage Threatened by Federal Court Ruling</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Carmel Shachar, JD, MPH; Elizabeth Kaplan, JD </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2823961">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2823961">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1605-1606. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.16439</span> </div> <div class="article--excerpt"><p class="para">This Viewpoint highlights the 2 most concerning aspects of the <i>Braidwood Management Inc v Becerra</i> ruling and their potential effect on health equity.</p></div> </div> <div class="article"> <h4 class="superClassification">Health and the 2024 US Election</h4> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2823960/jama_robertson_2024_vp_240120_1731080336.47907.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2823960" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2823960/jama_robertson_2024_vp_240120_1731080336.47907.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2823960">The US Preventive Services Task Force in Legal Jeopardy</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Christopher Robertson, JD, PhD; Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS; Gregory Curfman, MD </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2823960">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2823960">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1607-1608. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17377</span> </div> <div class="article--excerpt"><p class="para">This work discusses the <i>Braidwood Management Inc v Becerra</i> case and how the intent of Congress, the health of the public, and the law may come into conflict.</p></div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2823004/jama_goodman_2024_vp_240121_1731080335.0817.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2823004" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2823004/jama_goodman_2024_vp_240121_1731080335.0817.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2823004">H5 Influenza Vaccines—Moving Forward Against Pandemic Threats</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Jesse L. Goodman, MD, MPH; Rick A. Bright, PhD; Nicole Lurie, MD, MSPH </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2823004">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2823004">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1609-1610. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17488</span> </div> <div class="article--excerpt"><p class="para">This Viewpoint discusses H5 influenza vaccine use in light of the current outbreak and how vaccine development, stockpiling, and deployment could shape the US’ response to future pandemics.</p></div> </div> <div class="article"> <h4 class="superClassification">AI in Medicine</h4> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2824831/jama_roberts_2024_vp_240117_1731080337.09179.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2824831" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2824831/jama_roberts_2024_vp_240117_1731080337.09179.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824831">Disability Rights to Accessible Virtual Health Care</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Jessica L. Roberts, JD </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2824831">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824831">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1611-1612. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.16528</span> </div> <div class="article--excerpt"><p class="para">This Viewpoint discusses the new federal regulations that require health care institutions to develop virtual care technologies that are accessible to patients with disabilities.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="a-piece-of-my-mind" class="issue-group group--a-piece-of-my-mind"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">A Piece of My Mind</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825325/jama_paul_2024_po_240036_1731080341.35483.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825325" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825325/jama_paul_2024_po_240036_1731080341.35483.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825325">I Spy</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Trisha K. Paul, MD </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825325">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825325">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1613-1614. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19568</span> </div> <div class="article--excerpt"><p class="para">In this narrative medicine essay, a pediatric oncology fellow who weaves storytelling into her practice to help patients process their illness describes how a young boy’s mother captures his story through photography.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="editorial" class="issue-group group--editorial"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">Editorial</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2824932/jama_turgeon_2024_ed_240075_1731080375.49697.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2824932" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2824932/jama_turgeon_2024_ed_240075_1731080375.49697.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824932">Shifting Balance of the Risk-Benefit of Restrictive Transfusion Strategies in Neurocritically Ill Patients—Is Less Still More?</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Alexis F. Turgeon, MD, MSc; François Lauzier, MD, MSc </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2824932">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824932">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="badges"> <span class="badge icon-audio"><span class="sr-t">has audio</span></span> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1615-1617. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20416</span> </div> <ul class="article--linked-audios no-bullet ml0 mt05"> <li class="article--linked-audio"> <div class="article--author-interview fw-b"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18918603" target="_blank"><i class="icon-podcast black"></i></a> <div class="article--author-interview-text text-small"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18918603" target="_blank" class="thm-col">Podcast:</a> JAMA Critical Care Research at ESICM Congress 2024 </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825271/jama_li_2024_ed_240077_1731080374.96482.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825271" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825271/jama_li_2024_ed_240077_1731080374.96482.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825271">Meeting the Unmet Needs in Rare Cancer<span class="subtitle"><span class="colon-for-citation-subtitle">: </span>Advancing Treatment Options for Retinoblastoma and Beyond</span></a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Ning Li, MD; Shuhang Wang, MD; Guo Zhao, MD </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825271">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825271">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1618-1620. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21396</span> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2824280/jama_camargo_2024_ed_240037_1731080376.08305.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2824280" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2824280/jama_camargo_2024_ed_240037_1731080376.08305.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824280">Fecal Immunochemical Test and <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Stool Antigen Co-Testing<span class="subtitle"><span class="colon-for-citation-subtitle">: </span>A Potential Approach for Gastric Cancer Screening</span></a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> M. Constanza Camargo, PhD, MSc, MHA </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2824280">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824280">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="badges"> <span class="badge icon-audio"><span class="sr-t">has audio</span></span> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1621-1622. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.8611</span> </div> <ul class="article--linked-audios no-bullet ml0 mt05"> <li class="article--linked-audio"> <div class="article--author-interview fw-b"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18915757" target="_blank"><i class="icon-podcast black"></i></a> <div class="article--author-interview-text text-small"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18915757" target="_blank" class="thm-col">Podcast:</a> Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) and Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen Co-Testing for Gastric Cancer </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="review" class="issue-group group--review"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">Review</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825027/jama_titanji_2024_rv_240029_1731080338.87945.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825027" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825027/jama_titanji_2024_rv_240029_1731080338.87945.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825027">Mpox Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Approaches, and Treatment Strategies<span class="subtitle"><span class="colon-for-citation-subtitle">: </span>A Review</span></a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Boghuma K. Titanji, MD; Aniruddha Hazra, MD; Jason Zucker, MD, MS </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825027">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825027">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="badges"> <span class="badge icon-free"><span class="sr-t">free access</span></span> <span class="badge icon-quiz_cme"><span class="sr-t">has active quiz</span></span> <span class="badge icon-audio"><span class="sr-t">has audio</span></span> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1652-1662. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21091</span> </div> <div class="article--excerpt"><p class="para">This review examines the epidemiology, transmission, clinical presentation, assessment and diagnosis, prognosis, management and treatment, and prevention of mpox.</p></div> <ul class="article--linked-audios no-bullet ml0 mt05"> <li class="article--linked-audio"> <div class="article--author-interview fw-b"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18929551" target="_blank"><i class="icon-podcast black"></i></a> <div class="article--author-interview-text text-small"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18929551" target="_blank" class="thm-col">Podcast:</a> Mpox Treatment Strategies, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnostic Approaches </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="jama-insights" class="issue-group group--jama-insights"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">JAMA Insights</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825313/jama_palefsky_2024_it_240028_1731080367.60307.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825313" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825313/jama_palefsky_2024_it_240028_1731080367.60307.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825313">Prevention of Anal Cancer in High-Risk Individuals</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Joel M. Palefsky, MD, CM </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825313">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825313">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="badges"> <span class="badge icon-quiz_cme"><span class="sr-t">has active quiz</span></span> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1663-1664. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17870</span> </div> <div class="article--excerpt"><p class="para">This JAMA Insights examines the treatment and rising prevalence of anal cancer in the US in high-risk groups, including people with HIV and immunosuppression associated with solid organ transplant.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="jama-clinical-guidelines-synopsis" class="issue-group group--jama-clinical-guidelines-synopsis"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825331/jama_derstine_2024_gs_240007_1731080373.99298.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825331" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825331/jama_derstine_2024_gs_240007_1731080373.99298.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825331">Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Acute Altitude Illness</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Mia Derstine, MD; Elan Small, MD; Andrew M. Davis, MD, MPH </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825331">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825331">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1665-1666. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19562</span> </div> <div class="article--excerpt"><p class="para">This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the Wilderness Medical Society’s 2024 recommendations on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of acute altitude illness.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="medical-news--perspectives" class="issue-group group--medical-news-&-perspectives"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">Medical News & Perspectives</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825523/jama_rubin_2024_mn_240074_1731080356.36861.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825523" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825523/jama_rubin_2024_mn_240074_1731080356.36861.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825523">Pertussis Cases Are Surging This Year—Here’s Why</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Rita Rubin, MA </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825523">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825523">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1597-1598. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22533</span> </div> <div class="article--excerpt"><p class="para">This Medical News article discusses the reasons behind the resurgence of pertussis in the US and elsewhere this year.</p></div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825524/jama_schweitzer_2024_mn_240068_1731080357.802.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825524" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825524/jama_schweitzer_2024_mn_240068_1731080357.802.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825524">With Nearsightedness in Children on the Rise, Experts Push for Outdoor Time, Disease Designation</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Kate Schweitzer </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825524">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825524">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1599-1601. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21043</span> </div> <div class="article--excerpt"><p class="para">This Medical News article discusses new research on global trends in nearsightedness, possible ways to prevent and treat it, and calls to classify it as a disease.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="medical-news-in-brief" class="issue-group group--medical-news-in-brief"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">Medical News in Brief</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825532/jama_anderer_2024_ib_240314_1731080373.43583.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825532" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825532/jama_anderer_2024_ib_240314_1731080373.43583.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825532">HHS Will Provide Free US-Made COVID-19 Tests to Households</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Samantha Anderer </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825532">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825532">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1602. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21819</span> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825531/jama_anderer_2024_ib_240315_1731080372.4545.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825531" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825531/jama_anderer_2024_ib_240315_1731080372.4545.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825531">Study Cautions Against Mouth Taping for Patients With Sleep Apnea</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Samantha Anderer </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825531">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825531">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1602. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21820</span> </div> <ul class="article--linked-articles"> <li class="linked-article--article invited-commentary"> <div class="linked-article--type thm-col">Invited Commentary</div> <a class="linked-article--title angled-line" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824298">Should Mouth Taping and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Therapies Be Regulated?</a> <div class="linked-article--authors"> Jeffrey W. Chadwick, DDS, MSc, PhD; Andrew T. Huang, MD </div> <div class="linked-article--journal-name"> JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825530/jama_anderer_2024_ib_240316_1731080371.77317.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825530" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825530/jama_anderer_2024_ib_240316_1731080371.77317.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825530">AAP Issues First Opioid Prescribing Guideline for Children</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Samantha Anderer </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825530">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825530">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1602. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21821</span> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825529/jama_anderer_2024_ib_240317_1731080371.20417.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825529" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825529/jama_anderer_2024_ib_240317_1731080371.20417.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825529">Study: MMR Vaccine Protection Wanes Slightly Over Time</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Samantha Anderer </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825529">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825529">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1602. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21822</span> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825528/jama_anderer_2024_ib_240318_1731080370.64187.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825528" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825528/jama_anderer_2024_ib_240318_1731080370.64187.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825528">FDA Approves Novel Schizophrenia Drug</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Samantha Anderer </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825528">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825528">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1603. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21823</span> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825527/jama_anderer_2024_ib_240319_1731080369.94576.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825527" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825527/jama_anderer_2024_ib_240319_1731080369.94576.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825527">Study: Redlining Linked With Shorter Life Expectancy</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Samantha Anderer </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825527">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825527">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1603. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21824</span> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825526/jama_anderer_2024_ib_240320_1731080368.96675.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825526" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825526/jama_anderer_2024_ib_240320_1731080368.96675.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825526">Bright Light Therapy Not Effective for Major Depressive Disorder</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Samantha Anderer </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825526">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825526">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1603. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21825</span> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825525/jama_anderer_2024_ib_240321_1731080368.40069.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825525" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825525/jama_anderer_2024_ib_240321_1731080368.40069.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825525">Few Patients Receive Testing After Abnormal Urine Protein Results</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Samantha Anderer </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825525">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825525">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1603. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21826</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="poetry-and-medicine" class="issue-group group--poetry-and-medicine"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">Poetry and Medicine</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825310/jama_gaudet_2024_pm_240033_1731080342.12884.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825310" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825310/jama_gaudet_2024_pm_240033_1731080342.12884.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825310">The Diagnosis</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Edward John Gaudet </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825310">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825310">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1677. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.14691</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="jama-revisited" class="issue-group group--jama-revisited"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">JAMA Revisited</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825330/jama_2024_jy_240043_1731080367.15183.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825330" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825330/jama_2024_jy_240043_1731080367.15183.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825330">The Surgery of the Heart</a> </h3> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825330">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825330">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1678. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.18459</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="jama-patient-page" class="issue-group group--jama-patient-page"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">JAMA Patient Page</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825326/jama_voelker_2024_pg_240027_1731080342.89531.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825326" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825326/jama_voelker_2024_pg_240027_1731080342.89531.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825326">What Is Allergic Rhinitis?</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Rebecca Voelker, MSJ </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825326">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825326">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="badges"> <span class="badge icon-free"><span class="sr-t">free access</span></span> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1682. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.14237</span> </div> <div class="article--excerpt"><p class="para">This JAMA Patient Page describes allergic rhinitis and its risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="comment--response" class="issue-group group--comment-&-response"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">Comment & Response</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825164/jama_jorgensen_2024_le_240127_1731080361.07355.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825164" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825164/jama_jorgensen_2024_le_240127_1731080361.07355.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825164">Management of Depression</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Anders Jorgensen, MD, PhD; Charles Kellner, MD; Martin Balslev Jorgensen, MD, DMSci </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825164">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825164">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1672-1673. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18402</span> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825167/jama_feinberg_2024_le_240124_1731080362.81628.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825167" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825167/jama_feinberg_2024_le_240124_1731080362.81628.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825167">Management of Depression</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> S. Shalom Feinberg, MD </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825167">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825167">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1673. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18393</span> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825165/jama_incalzi_2024_le_240126_1731080361.70198.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825165" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825165/jama_incalzi_2024_le_240126_1731080361.70198.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825165">Management of Depression</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi, MD, PhD; Sigfried Kasper, MD; Pedro Morgado, MD, PhD </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825165">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825165">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1673-1674. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18399</span> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825166/jama_furukawa_2024_le_240125_1731080362.21365.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825166" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825166/jama_furukawa_2024_le_240125_1731080362.21365.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825166">Management of Depression</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Toshi A. Furukawa, MD, PhD </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825166">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825166">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1674. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18396</span> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825163/jama_simon_2024_lr_240077_1731080360.05438.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825163" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825163/jama_simon_2024_lr_240077_1731080360.05438.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825163">Management of Depression—Reply</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Gregory Simon, MD, MPH; Nathalie Moise, MD, MS; David C. Mohr, PhD </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825163">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825163">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1674-1675. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18405</span> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825329/jama_yang_2024_le_240128_1731080360.54638.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825329" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825329/jama_yang_2024_le_240128_1731080360.54638.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825329">Fecal Immunochemical Test Positivity Threshold vs Multitarget Genetic Stool Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Fan Yang, MD; Dan Ma, MD </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825329">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825329">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1675. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18535</span> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825328/jama_brenner_2024_lr_240078_1731080359.52557.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825328" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825328/jama_brenner_2024_lr_240078_1731080359.52557.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825328">Fecal Immunochemical Test Positivity Threshold vs Multitarget Genetic Stool Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening—Reply</a> </h3> <div class="article--authors"> Hermann Brenner, MD, MPH; Teresa Seum, MSc; Michael Hoffmeister, PhD </div> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825328">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825328">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1676. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18538</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="correction" class="issue-group group--correction"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">Correction</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825332/jama_2024_cx_240047_1731080376.78179.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2825332" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2825332/jama_2024_cx_240047_1731080376.78179.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825332">Revisions to List of Nonauthor Collaborators</a> </h3> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2825332">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825332">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="badges"> <span class="badge icon-free"><span class="sr-t">free access</span></span> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1676. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21794</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="jama-masthead" class="issue-group group--jama-masthead"><div class="article-type-group thm-col">JAMA Masthead</div> <div class="issue-group-articles"> <div class="article"> <a class="pdf pdfaccess js-pdfaccess" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2826235/jama_2024_sl_240043_1731080338.30206.pdf" title="PDF of article" data-article-id="2826235" data-article-url="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2826235/jama_2024_sl_240043_1731080338.30206.pdf" data-ajax-url="/Content/CheckPdfAccess"></a> <h3 class="article--title"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826235">JAMA</a> </h3> <div class="article--links"> <a class="article--abstract" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2826235">Abstract</a> <a class="article--full-text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826235">Full Text</a> </div> <div class="badges"> <span class="badge icon-free"><span class="sr-t">free access</span></span> </div> <div class="article--citation"> <em>JAMA.</em> <span class="meta-citation"> 2024;332(19):1595-1596. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.18457</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-IssuesNextAndPrevious widget-instance-AMA_Current_Issue"> <div class="issue-pagination"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/issue/332/18" class="previous"><span class="icon-left"></span></a> <span class="next disabled"><span class="icon-right"></span></span> </div><!-- /.issue-pagination --> </div> </div> <div class="sidebar issue-view-tab--sidebar current-issue--sidebar"> <div class="widget-EmailListSignUp widget-instance-AMAv2_EmailListSignUp_Issue"> <div class="email-signup"> <div class="email-signup--text sb-pc">Get the latest from JAMA</div> <div class="email-signup--input-wrap is-b"> <input type="text" name="email" class="email-signup--input" placeholder="Email address" title="Email address" /> <a rel="nofollow" href="javascript:;" class="email-signup--submit sb-sc btn">Sign Up</a> </div> <div class="email-signup--link"> <a class="email-signup--privacy" href="/pages/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a> | <a class="email-signup--terms" href="/pages/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></div> <div class="email-signup--user-message"></div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_cur_skybox_mid"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_cur_skybox_mid" data-params="{"parameters":{"siteName":"jama","siteId":3,"journalId":67,"adDisplay":9,"adPosition":"mid","adSection":"current","fromGoogle":false},"dynamicParameters":{}}"></div> </div> <div class="widget-SignUpAffinityAlert widget-instance-AMAv2_AffinityAlertSignUp"> </div> <div class="widget-ArticleListWithTocHeadings widget-instance-AMA_NewOnline_ArticleList_Simple"> <h3 class="themed-hed thm-col">New Online</h3> <div class="featured-list--contents"> <div class="article"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2827159">Audio Highlights<span class="subtitle"><span class="colon-for-citation-subtitle">: </span>November 16-22, 2024</span></a> <div class="article--type-date"> <span class="article--type">This Week in JAMA</span> <span class="article--date"> | November 22, 2024</span> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2827145">What to Know About XEC, the New SARS-CoV-2 Variant Expected to Dominate Winter’s COVID-19 Wave</a> <div class="article--type-date"> <span class="article--type">Medical News & Perspectives</span> <span class="article--date"> | November 22, 2024</span> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2827144">FDA Commissioner Robert Califf on Setting Guardrails for AI in Health Care</a> <div class="article--type-date"> <span class="article--type">Medical News & Perspectives</span> <span class="article--date"> | November 22, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="t-c mb2"> <a class="btn" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/newonline/2024/11">All New Online</a> </div> <div class="widget-LatestFrom widget-instance-AMA_LatestFromUSPSTF"> <h3 class="featured-list--title themed-hed thm-col">Latest from the USPSTF</h3> <ul class="featured-list--contents"> <li class="article article-1"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2822559">USPSTF Recommendation: Iron Deficiency During Pregnancy</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-2"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2820244">USPSTF Recommendation: Interventions for High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-3"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2819573">USPSTF Recommendation: Interventions to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="view-more t-c mb2"> <a class="view-more-link" href="https://jamanetwork.com/collections/44068/united-states-preventive-services-task-force">View more ></a> </div> </div> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_JobsAd"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncJobsAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/JobsAd/AMA_JobsAd" data-params="{"parameters":{"SiteId":3},"dynamicParameters":{"localParams":"[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]"}}"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ymal--footer cb mt3"> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_PersonalizedContent_CurrentIssues_Footer"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncWidgetLoader" data-url="/Personalization/PersonalizedContent/AMA_PersonalizedContent_CurrentIssues_Footer" data-params="{"parameters":{"resourceIdToExclude":0,"resourceTypeToExclude":2},"dynamicParameters":{"localParams":"[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]"}}"></div> </div> </div> <div class="movable-ad"> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_current_single_mid"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_current_single_mid" data-params="{"parameters":{"siteName":"jama","siteId":3,"journalId":67,"adDisplay":4,"adSection":"current","adPosition":"toc","fromGoogle":false},"dynamicParameters":{"localParams":"[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]"}}"></div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="secFooterControl" class="master-footer"> <script> var App = App || {}; function scmByClass(className) { return document.getElementsByClassName(className); } function scmById(id) { return document.getElementById(id); } function scmquery(selector) { return document.querySelector(selector); } function queryAll(selector) { return document.querySelectorAll(selector); } function isTrueString(string) { if (typeof string === 'string') { return string.toLowerCase() === 'true'; } return undefined; } function updateViewportDimensions() { var w = window, d = document, e = d.documentElement, g = d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0], x = w.innerWidth || e.clientWidth || g.clientWidth, y = w.innerHeight || e.clientHeight || g.clientHeight; return { width: x, height: y }; } var viewport = updateViewportDimensions(); var debounce = function (func, wait, immediate) { var timeout; return function () { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function () { timeout = null; if (!immediate) func.apply(context, args); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout(timeout); timeout = setTimeout(later, wait); if (callNow) func.apply(context, args); }; }; (function (App) { App.mobileUpperBreakpoint = 767; App.mobileAltBreakpoint = 640; App.mobileMinBreakpoint = 547; App.tabletUpperBreakpoint = 1023; function setVariables() { viewport = updateViewportDimensions(); App.isMobile = (viewport.width <= App.mobileUpperBreakpoint); App.isMobileAlt = (viewport.width <= App.mobileAltBreakpoint); App.isTablet = (viewport.width > App.mobileUpperBreakpoint && viewport.width <= App.tabletUpperBreakpoint); App.isTabletDown = (viewport.width <= App.tabletUpperBreakpoint); App.isDesktop = (viewport.width > App.tabletUpperBreakpoint); App.activeViewport = App.isMobile ? 'small' : App.isTablet ? 'med' : 'large'; } setVariables(); App.cachedViewport = App.isMobile ? 'small' : App.isTablet ? 'med' : 'large'; App.isAnyArticle = !!(scmByClass('widget-ArticleFullView').length || scmByClass('pg_abstract').length || scmByClass('widget-MagazineView').length || scmByClass('widget-ChannelsMagazineView').length); App.isSplitScreen = !!scmByClass('widget-ArticleFullView').length; App.isArticleRedesign = !!scmByClass('widget-ArticleWrapper').length; App.isAbstract = !!scmByClass('pg_abstract').length; App.isMag = !!(scmByClass('widget-MagazineView').length); App.isChannel = !!(scmByClass('channel-site').length); App.isChannelMag = !!(scmByClass('widget-ChannelsMagazineView').length); App.isFreeArticle = !!(scmquery('.widget-ArticleTopInfo .free-access') || scmquery('.widget-ArticleTopInfo .open-access') || scmquery('.widget-ArticleTopInfo .icon-free') || scmquery('.widget-ChannelsMagazineView .free-access')); App.isTollFreeAccess = false; App.isIssue = !!scmByClass('pg_issue').length || !!scmByClass('pg_newonline').length || !!scmByClass('pg_currentissue').length || !!scmByClass('pg_pastissues').length; App.isNewOnline = !!scmByClass('pg_newonline').length; App.isCurrentIssue = !!scmByClass('pg_currentissue').length; App.isPastIssues = !!scmByClass('pg_pastissues').length; App.isJournal = !!scmByClass('pg_journal').length; App.isNetworkHome = !!scmByClass('pg_index').length; App.isSearch = !!scmByClass('pg_searchresults').length; App.isAdvancedSearch = !!scmByClass('pg_advancedsearch').length; App.isPlayer= !!scmByClass('pg_multimediaplayer').length; App.isSelfServe = !!scmByClass('pg_sspage').length; App.isCmsPage = !!scmByClass('pg_cmspage').length; App.isMyAccount = !!scmByClass('pg_myaccount').length; App.supportsFlexbox = !!scmByClass('flexbox').length; App.isCollection = !!scmByClass('pg_collection').length; App.isPaidUser = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsPaidUser').getAttribute('value')); App.isMember = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsMember').getAttribute('value')); App.isIndividual = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsIndividual').getAttribute('value')); App.hasAccess = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppHasAccess').getAttribute('value')); App.isReferredFromGoogle = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsReferredFromGoogle').getAttribute('value')); var subscribedTo = scmById('hfAppSubscribedTo').getAttribute('value'); App.userSubscribedTo = subscribedTo ? subscribedTo.split(',') : undefined; App.isLucy = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsLucy').getAttribute('value')); App.currentJournalCount = 27; App.isChannelPage = !!(scmByClass('channels-page')); App.updateAppVariables = debounce(function () { setVariables(); }, 50, false); })(App); </script> <div class="footer-ad-wrapper"> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divAds" class="footer-ad desktop-only"> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_AnchorboardAd_btf"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_AnchorboardAd_btf" data-params="{"parameters":{"siteName":"jama","siteId":3,"journalId":67,"adDisplay":11,"adSection":"current","adPosition":"btf","fromGoogle":false},"dynamicParameters":{"localParams":"[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]"}}"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ad-riser-wrap desktop-only"> <div class="ad-riser--dismiss t-c">X</div> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_Riser"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_Riser" data-params="{"parameters":{"siteName":"jama","siteId":3,"journalId":67,"adDisplay":12,"adSection":"current","adPosition":"Riser","fromGoogle":false},"dynamicParameters":{"localParams":"[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]"}}"></div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-wrap"> <footer class="footer" id="footer"> <div id="footer-microsite" class="footer-microsite"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Left" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> @media (min-width: 1024px) {.split-screen .footer-microsite-contents {border-bottom:0 !important;}} .footer-microsite-contents {margin-bottom:1em;width:100%;} .footer-network-other .link-apps:before {width: 23px;} .footer-network-other .link-institutions-librarians:before {width: 23px;} .jn-ss-footer-border-top {border-top:1px solid #555;padding-top:15px;} .jn-ss-footer-border-bottom {border-bottom:1px solid #555;padding-bottom:10px;padding-right:3px;} </style> <div class="footer-heading-wrap"> <h3 id="BodyContent_Footer_h3SiteName" class="footer-heading is-b footer-microsite-heading" data-mobile-tog-target=".footer-microsite-links-wrap">JAMA</h3> </div> <div class="footer-microsite-links-wrap"> <div class="footer-microsite-contents jn-ss-footer-border-bottom"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_ContentHeader" class="footer-subheading">Content</h4> <a href="/journals/jama">Home</a> <a href="/journals/jama/newonline">New Online</a> <a href="/journals/jama/currentissue">Current Issue</a> </div> <div class="footer-microsite-contents jn-ss-footer-border-bottom"> <h4 class="footer-subheading">Podcasts</h4> <a href="/journals/jama/pages/covid-19-interviews#audio">Coronavirus (COVID-19) Q&A</a> <a href="/journals/jama/pages/jama-clinical-reviews">Clinical Reviews</a> <a href="/journals/jama/pages/jama-editors-summary">Editors' Summary</a> <a href="/journals/jama/pages/jama-medical-news">Medical News</a> <a href="/journals/jama/pages/jama-author-interviews">Author Interviews</a> <a href="/journals/jama/pages/jamaevidence-jama-guide-to-statistics-and-methods">JAMAevidence: <em>JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods</em></a> <a href="/journals/jama/pages/jamaevidence-the-rational-clinical-examination">JAMAevidence: The Rational Clinical Examination</a> <a href="/journals/jama/pages/jamaevidence-users-guides-to-the-medical-literature">JAMAevidence: Users' Guides to the Medical Literature</a> </div> <div class="footer-microsite-services cf"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_ServiceHeader" class="footer-subheading">Journal Information</h4> <a href="/journals/jama/pages/for-authors">For Authors</a> <a href="/journals/jama/pages/jama-editors">JAMA Editors</a> <a href="/journals/jama/editors-and-publishers">Editors & Publishers</a> <a href="/pages/rss">RSS</a> <a href="/journals/jama/pages/contact-us">Contact Us</a> </div> <div class="footer-network-other jn-ss-footer-border-bottom"> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning" class="link-network-other is-b link-learning">JN Learning / CME</a> <a href="https://store.jamanetwork.com" class="link-network-other is-b link-store" target="_blank">Store</a> <a href="/pages/apps" class="link-network-other is-b link-mobile" target="_blank">Apps</a> <a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/" class="link-network-other is-b link-jobs" target="_blank">Jobs</a> <a href="/pages/resources-for-librarians" class="link-network-other is-b link-institutions-librarians" target="_blank">Institutions</a> <a href="/pages/reprints-and-permissions" class="link-network-other is-b link-reprints-permissions">Reprints & Permissions</a> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divSubscribe" class="footer-microsite-subscribe"> <img src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/img/covers/jama.jpg" class="subscribe-image" alt="Journal Cover"> <div class="subscribe-meta"> <h4 class="subscribe-heading footer-subheading">Subscribe</h4> <a href="https://store.jamanetwork.com/productDetails.aspx?productcodeID=64" class="subscribe-submit btn">Go</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-network" class="footer-network"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Middle" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .footer-network-sites {width: 62.85542%;} .footer-network-info {width: 35.93976%} .jn-ss-subheading-mt {margin-top: 1.5em;} .jn-registered:after {content: "\00AE";font-size: 50%;vertical-align: top;} .jn-trademark:after {content: "\2122";font-size: 50%;vertical-align: top;} .nav-logo-cme-signin-container .nav-logo .site-logo img { min-width:50px;} </style> <div class="footer-heading-wrap"> <h3 class="footer-heading is-b jn-registered" data-mobile-tog-target=".footer-network-links-wrap"><strong>JAMA</strong> Network</h3> </div> <div class="footer-network-links-wrap"> <div class="footer-network-sites"> <div class="internal"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_JournalHeader" class="footer-subheading">Publications</h4> <a href="/journals/jama">JAMA</a> <a href="/journals/jamanetworkopen" target="_blank">JAMA Network Open</a> <a href="/journals/jamacardiology">JAMA Cardiology</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology">JAMA Dermatology</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum">JAMA Health Forum</a> <a href="/journals/jamainternalmedicine">JAMA Internal Medicine</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology">JAMA Neurology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaoncology">JAMA Oncology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaophthalmology">JAMA Ophthalmology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaotolaryngology">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/jamapediatrics">JAMA Pediatrics</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry">JAMA Psychiatry</a> <a href="/journals/jamasurgery">JAMA Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/archneurpsyc">Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959)</a> </div> <div class="external"> <h4 class="footer-subheading">Sites</h4> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_ssFooterSiteMenu"> <div class="selfServe"> <a target="_blank" href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/art-and-images-in-psychiatry/">Art and Images in Psychiatry</a> <a target="_blank" href="/journals/jama/pages/2023-most-viewed-jama">Best of the JAMA Network</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/caring-for-the-critically-ill-patient">Caring for the Critically Ill Patient</a> <a target="_blank" href="/journals/jama/pages/crosswords">Clinical Crosswords from JAMA</a> <a target="_blank" href="/journals/jama/pages/coronavirus-alert">Coronavirus Resource Center</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://ebm.jamanetwork.com/index.html">Evidence-Based Medicine: An Oral History</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/fishbein-fellowship">Fishbein Fellowship</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/genomics/">Genomics and Precision Health</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/health-and-the-2024-us-election">Health and the 2024 US Election</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/hypertension">Hypertension</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/health-forum/archive">JAMA Forum Archive</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/audio">JAMA Network Audio</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/video">JAMA Network Video</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/conferences">JAMA Network Conferences </a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/ai">JAMA+ AI</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/jama-summit">JAMA Summit </a> <a target="_blank" href="/journals/jamasurgery/pages/statistics-and-methods">JAMA Surgery Guide to Statistics and Methods</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/medical-news">Medical News</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/monkeypox">Mpox (Monkeypox)</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/research-ethics/">Research Ethics</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/collections">Topics and Collections</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/visual-abstracts">Visual Abstracts</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/war">War and Health</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/womens-health">Women's Health</a> <h4 class="footer-subheading jn-ss-subheading-mt">Featured Articles</h4> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2781397">CONSERVE 2021 Guidelines for Reporting Trials Modified for the COVID-19 Pandemic</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2808296">Creation and Adoption of Large Language Models in Medicine</a> <a href="/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2787350">Global Burden of Cancer, 2010-2019</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2797443">Global Burden of Long COVID</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2790344">Global Burden of Melanoma</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2787350">Global Burden of Skin Diseases, 1990-2017</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2793874">Global Disparities in Parkinson Disease</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2799547">Guidelines for Reporting Outcomes in Trial Protocols: The SPIRIT-Outcomes 2022 Extension</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2799486">Mass Violence and the Complex Spectrum of Mental Illness and Mental Functioning</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2793903">Neuropsychiatry Sequelae of COVID-19</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2810313">A New Framework for Dementia Nomenclature</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2800656">Organization and Performance of US Health Systems</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2791195">Pharmacy Benefit Managers: History, Business Practices, Economics, and Policy</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2791195">Promoting EDI in Genetics Research</a> <a href="/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2781972">PTSD and Cardiovascular Disease</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2810754">Red Blood Cell Transfusion: 2023 AABB International Guidelines</a> <a href="/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2797600">Reimagining Children’s Rights in the US</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2794049">Spirituality in Serious Illness and Health</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2796374">The US Medicaid Program: Coverage, Financing, Reforms, and Implications for Health Equity</a> <h4 class="footer-subheading jn-ss-subheading-mt">USPSTF Recommendation Statements</h4> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779985">Screening for Colorectal Cancer</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779190">Screening for Hypertension</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2777244">Screening for Lung Cancer</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2796244">Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes In Children</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2783414">Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes In Adults</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2795521">Statins for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2793446">Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for Primary Prevention of of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer</a> <h4 class="footer-subheading jn-ss-subheading-mt">Blogs</h4> <a target="_blank" href="https://amastyleinsider.com/">AMA Style Insider</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-network-info" class="footer-network-info"> <div class="information-for-links"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_InfoHeader" class="footer-subheading">Information</h4> <a href="/pages/for-authors">For Authors</a> <a href="/pages/resources-for-librarians">For Institutions & Librarians</a> <a href="/pages/advertisers">For Advertisers</a> <a href="/pages/subscription-agents">For Subscription Agents</a> <a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/" target="_blank">For Employers & Job Seekers</a> <a href="https://media.jamanetwork.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">For the Media</a> <a href="/pages/equity-diversity-inclusion">Equity, Diversity, Inclusion</a> <a href="/pages/commenting-policy">Online Commenting Policy</a> <a href="/pages/access-at-jama-network">Public Access and Open Access Policy</a> <a href="/pages/offensive-content-statement">Statement on Potentially Offensive Content</a> </div> <div class="services-links"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_JAMANetworkProductsHeader" class="footer-subheading">JAMA Network Products</h4> <a href="http://www.amamanualofstyle.com/" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank">AMA Manual of Style</a> <a href="https://jamaevidence.mhmedical.com/" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank"><span class="jn-registered">JAMAevidence</span></a> <a href="http://www.peerreviewcongress.org/" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank">Peer Review Congress</a> </div> <div class="learning-links"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_LearningHeader" class="footer-subheading">JN Learning</h4> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning">Home</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/state-cme">State CME</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/pages/clinical-challenge-courses">Clinical Challenge CME</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/course/288 ">Atrial Fibrillation Course</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/course/294 ">Women's Health Course</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/pages/auto-credit-reporting">CME / MOC Reporting Preferences</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/pages/about-cme">About CME & MOC</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-resources-wrap" class="footer-resources-wrap"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Right" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .footer-resources-wrap .footer-subheading {color: grey;display:block !important;font-size: 1.17647em;font-weight: 400;text-transform: uppercase;} </style> <div class="footer-heading-wrap"> <h3 class="footer-heading is-b footer-resources-heading" data-mobile-tog-target=".footer-resources">Help</h3> </div> <div class="footer-resources"> <a href="https://store.jamanetwork.com" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank">Subscriptions & Renewals</a> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=http%3A%2F%2Fjamanetwork.com%2Fmyaccount%23my-alerts" class="footer-service-link" rel="nofollow">Manage Emails</a> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=http%3A%2F%2Fjamanetwork.com%2Fmyaccount%23my-profile" class="footer-service-link" rel="nofollow">Update My Address</a> <a href="https://support.jamanetwork.com/hc/en-us" class="footer-service-link">Support Center</a> <a href="/myaccount " class="footer-service-link">My Account</a> <h4 class="footer-subheading jn-ss-subheading-mt">JAMA Career Center</h4> <a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank">Physician Job Listings</a> </div> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Socials" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .widget-instance-AMA_Journal_Home_Socials .iconsocial {display: inline-block !important;width: 34px;height: 34px;min-width: unset !important;margin: 0 2px !important;background-color: #fff;border-radius: 20px;border: 1px solid #191919;vertical-align: middle;} .widget-instance-AMA_Journal_Home_Socials .iconsocial.instagram {background-image: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-black.svg);background-position: 7px 7px;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 18px;} .widget-instance-AMA_Journal_Home_Socials .iconsocial.instagram:hover, .widget-instance-AMA_Journal_Home_Socials .iconsocial.instagram:focus {background-image: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-fill.png);border-color: #C13584;} .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial {display: inline-block !important;width: 32px;height: 32px;min-width: unset !important;margin: 0 2px 0 3px !important;background-color: #fff;border-radius: 20px;border: 1px solid #191919;vertical-align: middle;} .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial.instagram {background-image: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-black.svg);background-position: 6px 6px;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 18px;} .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial.instagram:hover, .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial.instagram:focus {background-color: #C13584;border-color: #191919;} #load-instagram-image { background: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-fill.png) no-repeat -9999px -9999px; } </style> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divSocial" class="social-links footer-social-links"> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="6d35777a-fc12-4d2d-9b49-81d031835d91" href="https://www.facebook.com/JAMAJournal/" class="social-link is-b facebook"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="6d35777a-fc12-4d2d-9b49-81d031835d91" href="https://twitter.com/JAMA_current" class="social-link is-b twitter"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="6d35777a-fc12-4d2d-9b49-81d031835d91" href="https://www.instagram.com/jamanetwork/?hl=en" class="iconsocial instagram"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="6d35777a-fc12-4d2d-9b49-81d031835d91" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/jamanetwork/" class="social-link is-b linked-in"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="6d35777a-fc12-4d2d-9b49-81d031835d91" href="https://www.youtube.com/jamanetwork" class="social-link is-b you-tube"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="6d35777a-fc12-4d2d-9b49-81d031835d91" href="https://www.pinterest.com/jamanetwork/" class="social-link is-b pinterest"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="6d35777a-fc12-4d2d-9b49-81d031835d91" href="/rss/site_3/67.xml" class="social-link is-b rss"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="6d35777a-fc12-4d2d-9b49-81d031835d91" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/jama-editors-summary" class="social-link is-b podcast"></a> <div id="load-instagram-image"> </div> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divEmailUpdate" class="footer-email-updates"> <div class="widget-EmailListSignUp widget-instance-AMAv2_EmailListSignUp_Footer"> <div class="email-signup"> <div class="email-signup--text sb-pc">Get the latest from JAMA</div> <div class="email-signup--input-wrap is-b"> <input type="text" name="email" class="email-signup--input" placeholder="Email address" title="Email address" /> <a rel="nofollow" href="javascript:;" class="email-signup--submit sb-sc btn">Sign Up</a> </div> <div class="email-signup--link"> <a class="email-signup--privacy" href="/pages/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a> | <a class="email-signup--terms" href="/pages/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></div> <div class="email-signup--user-message"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-bar" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Bottom_Bar" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .network-bar .auth--inst {color:#B8B8B8;} .multimedia-caption-container div.video-caption {color: #262626;font-size: 15px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.5;} .nav-journals a.theme-jama-health-forum:before {background: #133763;} .jn-bottom-bar {color: #fff; float: left;font-size: 10px;padding: 13px 20px;width: 33.33%;} .jn-bottom-bar p {line-height: 2;} @media (max-width: 900px) {.jn-bottom-bar {float: none;width: 100%;}} .jn-footer-copyright {font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:10px;} .jn-footer-pipe {margin:0 10px;} .footer-bar-jn-logo img {width: 230px;} @media (max-width: 900px) {.footer-bar-jn-logo img {width: 200px;}} [data-thm=umb] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #d71635 !important;} [data-thm=jama] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #d71635 !important;} [data-thm=jaman] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #ed0973 !important;} [data-thm=cardi] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #be1e32 !important;} [data-thm=derm] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #006f3b !important;} [data-thm=faci] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #ed1c24 !important;} [data-thm=jama-] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #fb5252 !important;} [data-thm=intem] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #006e96 !important;} [data-thm=neur] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #981b1e !important;} [data-thm=oncol] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #3b923f !important;} [data-thm=ophth] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #66bc29 !important;} [data-thm=otol] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #34b6e4 !important;} [data-thm=peds] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #0084c0 !important;} [data-thm=psych] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #005276 !important;} [data-thm=surg] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #f47920 !important;} .blockquote .para {margin: 0 0 1em 1em;} .jn-footer-copyright {display: block;} .inline-block {display: inline-block;} </style> <a class="footer-bar-jn-logo d-b no-mw mb1" href="/" title="JAMA Network Home"><img class="mw-100" src="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/global/jn-signature-reversed-r.svg?versionId=82308" alt="Jama Network Logo"></a> <div class="jn-bottom-bar"> <p> <span class="jn-footer-copyright">© 2024 American Medical Association. <span class="inline-block">All rights reserved,</span> including those for text and data mining, AI training, <span class="inline-block">and similar technologies.</span></span> <span class="inline-block"><a href="https://www.ama-assn.org/about/terms-use" rel="nofollow" class="p0">Terms of Use</a><span class="jn-footer-pipe">|</span></span> <span class="inline-block"><a href="https://www.ama-assn.org/about/privacy-policy" rel="nofollow" class="p0">Privacy Policy</a><span class="jn-footer-pipe">|</span></span> <span class="inline-block"><a href="https://www.ama-assn.org/about/accessibility-statement" rel="nofollow" class="p0">Accessibility Statement</a><span class="jn-footer-pipe">|</span></span> <span class="inline-block"><a onclick="OneTrust.ToggleInfoDisplay()" rel="nofollow" class="p0" id="CookieFooter">Cookie Settings</a></span> </p> </div> <!-- #selfserve-maintenance {display:block;margin:20px 0;max-height:none !important;min-height:200px;visibility:visible;} #selfserve-maintenance {display:block;margin:20px 0;max-height:none !important;min-height:200px;visibility:visible;} --> <a class="footer-bar-sis no-mw relative nudge-down" href="https://www.silverchair.com" target="_blank"><img class="footer-bar-sis-img mt05 mw-100" width="600" height="70" src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/img/powered.png" alt="Silverchair Logo" /></a> </div> </footer> </div> <div class="ss-ui-only"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_SS_UI_Only"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SsUiOnly" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> . </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="widget-UserContentAccessWrite widget-instance-AMA_UserContentAccessWrite_Site"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-LocalStorage-UserContentAccessWrite" data-values='{"id":"0","type":"Site","date":"11/24/2024 4:29:17 AM"}'></div> </div> <div id="revealModal" class="reveal-modal" data-reveal> <div id="revealContent"></div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="artmet-modal" id="MetricsModal"> <div class="artmet-modal-contents"> <a class="artmet-close-modal">×</a> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SigninModals widget-instance-AMA_SigninModals"> <div class="js-modal-no-access-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Access your subscriptions</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fjournals%2fjama%2fcurrentissue"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-AmaAdvancedSeamlessAccess widget-instance-AMA_NoAccess_AdvancedSeamlessAccessButton"> <div class="seamless-access-button--wrap"> <button class="d-flex sa-button align-items-center" role="button" type="button"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <img src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/seamless-access.svg" class="sa-button-logo" alt="Seamless Access Logo" /> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </button> <div class="sa-access-text text-truncate hide"> <div class="sa-cta-access"><span>Add or change institution</span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_NoAccess_SigninModal_CreateAccount"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_CreateAccount" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Free access to newly published articles</div> <hr> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-create-personal-account" type="button" role="button"> <div class="text-truncate">Create a free personal account</div> </button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">To register for email alerts, access free PDF, and more</div> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA|SigninModal_CreateAccount</div>--> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_NoAccess_SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_NoAccessAndPaidPDF"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_NoAccessAndPaidPDF" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Purchase access</div> <hr> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-subscribe-journal" type="button" role="button"> <div class="text-truncate">Subscribe to journal</div> </button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">Get full journal access for 1 year</div> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-purchase-article" type="button" role="button"> <div class="text-truncate">Buy article</div> </button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">Get unlimited access and a printable PDF ($40.00)—<br> <em>Sign in or create a free account</em></div> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA|SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_NoAccessAndPaidPDF</div>--> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-paid-pdf-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Access your subscriptions</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fjournals%2fjama%2fcurrentissue"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-AmaAdvancedSeamlessAccess widget-instance-AMA_PaidPdf_AdvancedSeamlessAccessButton"> <div class="seamless-access-button--wrap"> <button class="d-flex sa-button align-items-center" role="button" type="button"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <img src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/seamless-access.svg" class="sa-button-logo" alt="Seamless Access Logo" /> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </button> <div class="sa-access-text text-truncate hide"> <div class="sa-cta-access"><span>Add or change institution</span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_PaidPdf_SigninModal_CreateAccount"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_CreateAccount" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Free access to newly published articles</div> <hr> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-create-personal-account" type="button" role="button"> <div class="text-truncate">Create a free personal account</div> </button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">To register for email alerts, access free PDF, and more</div> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA|SigninModal_CreateAccount</div>--> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_PaidPdf_SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_NoAccessAndPaidPDF"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_NoAccessAndPaidPDF" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Purchase access</div> <hr> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-subscribe-journal" type="button" role="button"> <div class="text-truncate">Subscribe to journal</div> </button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">Get full journal access for 1 year</div> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-purchase-article" type="button" role="button"> <div class="text-truncate">Buy article</div> </button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">Get unlimited access and a printable PDF ($40.00)—<br> <em>Sign in or create a free account</em></div> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA|SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_NoAccessAndPaidPDF</div>--> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-free-pdf-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Sign in to access free PDF</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fjournals%2fjama%2fcurrentissue"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-AmaAdvancedSeamlessAccess widget-instance-AMA_FreePdf_AdvancedSeamlessAccessButton"> <div class="seamless-access-button--wrap"> <button class="d-flex sa-button align-items-center" role="button" type="button"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <img src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/seamless-access.svg" class="sa-button-logo" alt="Seamless Access Logo" /> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </button> <div class="sa-access-text text-truncate hide"> <div class="sa-cta-access"><span>Add or change institution</span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_FreePdf_SigninModal_CreateAccount"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_CreateAccount" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Free access to newly published articles</div> <hr> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-create-personal-account" type="button" role="button"> <div class="text-truncate">Create a free personal account</div> </button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">To register for email alerts, access free PDF, and more</div> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA|SigninModal_CreateAccount</div>--> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-save-search-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Save your search</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fjournals%2fjama%2fcurrentissue"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_SaveSearch_SigninModal_CreateAccount"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_CreateAccount" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Free access to newly published articles</div> <hr> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-create-personal-account" type="button" role="button"> <div class="text-truncate">Create a free personal account</div> </button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">To register for email alerts, access free PDF, and more</div> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA|SigninModal_CreateAccount</div>--> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_SaveSearch"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_SaveSearch" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Purchase access</div> <hr /> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-subscribe-now">Subscribe now</button> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA|SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_SaveSearch</div>--> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-follow-collection-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Customize your interests</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fjournals%2fjama%2fcurrentissue"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_FollowCollection_SigninModal_CreateAccount"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_CreateAccount" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Free access to newly published articles</div> <hr> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-create-personal-account" type="button" role="button"> <div class="text-truncate">Create a free personal account</div> </button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">To register for email alerts, access free PDF, and more</div> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA|SigninModal_CreateAccount</div>--> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_FollowCollection"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_FollowCollection" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--sub-title">Create a personal account or sign in to:</div> <ul> <li>Register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles</li> <li>Access PDFs of free articles</li> <li>Manage your interests</li> <li>Save searches and receive search alerts</li> <ul> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA|SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_FollowCollection</div>--> </div> </div> <div class="modal--link-wrap"> <a class="modal--link" href="/pages/privacy-policy" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-user-comment-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Make a comment</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fjournals%2fjama%2fcurrentissue"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_UserComment_SigninModal_CreateAccount"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_CreateAccount" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Free access to newly published articles</div> <hr> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-create-personal-account" type="button" role="button"> <div class="text-truncate">Create a free personal account</div> </button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">To register for email alerts, access free PDF, and more</div> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA|SigninModal_CreateAccount</div>--> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_UserComment"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_UserComment" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--sub-title">Create a personal account or sign in to:</div> <ul> <li>Register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles</li> <li>Access PDFs of free articles</li> <li>Manage your interests</li> <li>Save searches and receive search alerts</li> <ul> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA|SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_UserComment</div>--> </div> </div> <div class="modal--link-wrap"> <a class="modal--link" href="/pages/privacy-policy" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="hidden-true js-modal-page-data" data-store-url="https://store.jamanetwork.com" data-store-purchase-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https://store.jamanetwork.com" data-store-subscribe-url="https://store.jamanetwork.com/index.aspx?productcode=64"> </div> </div> <script src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/vendor/jquery-2.2.4.min.js?v=638654734634555810"></script> <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="/UI/app/vendor/jquery-2.2.4.min.js">\x3C/script>')</script> <script src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/dist/app.min.js?v=638677764559592887" defer></script> </form> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/scss/modules/_trendMD.css"> <div class="widget-CustomJSScript widget-instance-"> <script src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/ama/ama.proxylogging.js" async></script> </div> </body> </html>