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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="background:#d0e5f5;border-top:1px solid darkgray;border-left:1px solid darkgray;border-right:1px solid darkgray;">Trade unions in Senegal</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National organization(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Confederation_of_Senegalese_Workers" title="National Confederation of Senegalese Workers">CNTS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_of_Senegalese_Workers" title="Democratic Union of Senegalese Workers">UDTS</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Autonomous_Trade_Unions_of_Senegal" title="National Union of Autonomous Trade Unions of Senegal">UNSAS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Union_density" title="Union density">Density</a></th><td class="infobox-data">22% <small>(2015)</small><sup id="cite_ref-ILOSTAT_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ILOSTAT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Global_Rights_Index" title="Global Rights Index">Global Rights Index</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: none;background-color:#FF8C00; color:black;color:white;"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">4</span></span> Systematic violations of rights</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Senegal is a member of the ILO</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Convention ratification</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Association_and_Protection_of_the_Right_to_Organise_Convention" title="Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention">Freedom of Association</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4 November 1960</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Organise_and_Collective_Bargaining_Convention,_1949" title="Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949">Right to Organise</a></th><td class="infobox-data">28 July 1961</td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Trade unionism</b> is a powerful force in the politics, economy, and culture of <b>Senegal</b>, and was one of the earliest trades union movements to form in <a href="/wiki/Francophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Francophone">Francophone</a> <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>. </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_Trade_unionism_in_Senegal">History of Trade unionism in Senegal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Senegal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of Trade unionism in Senegal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Senegal has a long history of Trade Union activism, and was one of the first centers of the African trade union movement, with small unions forming under <a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">French colonial rule</a> in the 1920s. During the 1930s <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_(France)" title="Popular Front (France)">Popular Front</a> government of France, limited union legalisation was extended to French subjects in West Africa. Senegal was also the home to the <a href="/wiki/Four_Communes" title="Four Communes">Four Communes</a>, the only areas of French West Africa to afford residents (<i>Originaires</i>) French citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the year and a half after limited unionisation rights were granted to colonial subjects and residents of the Four Communes alike (from May to November 1937), 42 professional unions had been created in Senegal. This rapid development included the creation of an all-African trade union confederation for the <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a> area in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1947 railroad workers went on a several-month <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Dakar-Niger_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakar-Niger Railway">Dakar-Niger Railway</a> to obtain the same rights as the French railwaymen. The successful strike was celebrated as a turning point in the anti-colonial struggle by Senegalese writer <a href="/wiki/Ousmane_Semb%C3%A8ne" title="Ousmane Sembène">Ousmane Sembène</a> in his 1960 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Les_bouts_de_bois_de_Dieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Les bouts de bois de Dieu">Les bouts de bois de Dieu</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_union_movement">Contemporary union movement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Senegal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contemporary union movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Senegal's fundamental labor legislation is based on the French overseas labor code of 1952, which provides for collective agreements between employers and trade unions, for the fixing of basic minimum wages by the government on recommendation of advisory committees. The code also provides for paid annual leave and for child allowances. The right to strike is recognized by law, and there are special labor courts. </p><p>The largest trade union organization is the <a href="/wiki/National_Confederation_of_Senegalese_Workers" title="National Confederation of Senegalese Workers">National Confederation of Senegalese Workers</a>, which since 1970 has been the official union affiliated with the ruling PS. Its major rival is the National Union of Autonomous Labor Unions of Senegal. The industrial workforce is almost totally unionized. Although the relative number of union members is small, they have considerable political power due to their control of vital segments of the economy. </p><p>The minimum working age is 16, when minors may work in apprenticeships. The prohibition of child labor is strictly enforced in the formal sector, but somewhat less so in the informal and traditional economies. The labor law provides for a workweek of 40 to 48 hours and minimum occupational and safety and health regulations. However, these labor regulations are not effectively enforced outside of the formal economy. The minimum wage was $0.37 in 2001. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principal_Trade_Union_and_Confederations">Principal Trade Union and Confederations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Senegal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Principal Trade Union and Confederations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_of_Senegalese_Workers" title="Democratic Union of Senegalese Workers">Democratic Union of Senegalese Workers</a> <i>Union Démocratique des Travailleurs de Sénégal</i> (UDTS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Confederation_of_Senegalese_Workers" title="National Confederation of Senegalese Workers">National Confederation of Senegalese Workers</a> <i>Confédération Nationale des Travailleurs du Sénégal</i> (CNTS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakar_Dem_Dikk_Workers_Democratic_Union" title="Dakar Dem Dikk Workers Democratic Union">Dakar Dem Dikk Workers Democratic Union</a>: Dakar Public Transit Workers, <i>Union démocratique des travailleurs de Dakar Dem Dikk</i>, (UDT-3D)</li> <li>National Confederation of Senegalese Workers - Force of Change <i>Confédération Nationale des Travailleurs du Sénégal - Forces du Changemen</i> (CNTS-FC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Autonomous_Trade_Unions_of_Senegal" title="National Union of Autonomous Trade Unions of Senegal">National Union of Autonomous Trade Unions of Senegal</a> <i>Union Nationale des Syndicats Autonomes de Sénégal</i> (UNSAS)</li> <li>Senegales Confederation of Free Unions <i>Confédération des syndicats autonomes du Sénégal</i> (CSA)</li> <li>General Confederation of Office and Administrative Workers <i>Confédération générale des syndicats de cadres et du personnel d'encadrement</i> (COGES)</li> <li>General Confederation of Senegalese Democratic Workers <i>Confédérations générale des travailleurs démocratiques du Sénégal</i> (CGTDS)</li> <li>General Federation of Senegalese Workers - Tendency A <i>Fédération générale des travailleurs du Sénégal - Tendance A</i> (FGTS)</li> <li>General Federation of Senegalese Workers - Tendency B <i>Fédération générale des travailleurs du Sénégal - Tendance B</i> (FGTS)</li> <li>Union of Free Senegalese Workers <i>Union des travailleurs libres du Sénégal</i> (UTLS)</li> <li>Union of Senegalese Democratic Workers <i>Syndicat des travailleurs démocratique du Sénégal</i> (STDS)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_unions">Historic unions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Senegal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historic unions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9galaise_des_Travailleurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Sénégalaise des Travailleurs">Senegalese Workers Union</a>, <i>Union Sénégalaise des Travailleurs</i> 1962-64</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Senegal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ILOSTAT-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ILOSTAT_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/union-membership/">"Statistics on union membership"</a>. Geneva: International Labour Organisation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics+on+union+membership&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=International+Labour+Organisation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Filostat.ilo.org%2Ftopics%2Funion-membership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrade+unions+in+Senegal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLM/214578-1103299692977/20296089/SenegalTU-PRSP.doc">SENEGAL, The State of Social Dialogue: Report of Trade Union participation in Senegal’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_World_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Bank">The World Bank</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLM/214578-1103299692977/20296089/SenegalTU-PRSP.doc">SENEGAL, The State of Social Dialogue: Report of Trade Union participation in Senegal’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_World_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Bank">The World Bank</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080518015555/http://www.newunionism.net/library/member%20contributions/news/Union%20Federations%202000-2007.htm">Beyond the numbers game. Peter Hall-Jones</a>, New Unionism 2007 Union Federation Membership Numbers Survey.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012164241/http://survey07.ituc-csi.org/getcountry.php?IDCountry=SEN&IDLang=EN">2007 Annual Survey of violations of trade union rights: Senegal</a>, TUC-CSI-IGB</li> <li>Guy Pfeffermann. Trade Unions and Politics in French West Africa during the Fourth Republic. African Affairs, Vol. 66, No. 264 (Jul., 1967), pp. 213–230. Guy Pfeffermann is Founder & CEO of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gbsnonline.org">Global Business School Network</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090624024411/http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-71261-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html">11. Senegal: Institutional Aspects of Trade and Industry Policy. Gaye Daffé and Momar Coumba Diop</a>, in THE POLITICS OF TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN AFRICA: Forced Consensus? Edited by Charles Soludo, Osita Ogbu, and Ha-Joon Chang. Africa World Press/IDRC 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59221-165-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-59221-165-8">1-59221-165-8</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726170233/http://www.icftu.org/www/pdf/nigersenegalclsreport.pdf">Internationally-recognised Core Labour Standards in Niger and Senegal: REPORT FOR THE WTO GENERAL COUNCIL REVIEW OF THE TRADE POLICIES OF NIGER AND SENEGAL (Geneva, 22-24 September 2003)</a>, International Confederation of Free Trade Unions.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icftu.org/displaydocument.asp?Index=991223901&Language=EN">Senegal: Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union Rights (2006)</a>, International Confederation of Free Trade Unions.</li> <li>Portions of this article were translated from French Wikipedia's <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/syndicalisme_au_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal" class="extiw" title="fr:syndicalisme au Sénégal">fr:syndicalisme au Sénégal</a>. (2008-06-13)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Senegal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Nicole Bernard-Duquenet, « Les débuts du syndicalisme au Sénégal au temps du Front populaire », <i>Le Mouvement social</i>, n° 101, octobre-décembre 1977, p. 37-59</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Ibrahima Camara, <i>Syndicalisme, colonialisme et impérialisme au Sénégal</i>, 1972</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Adrien Dioh, <i>Les syndicats de travailleurs au Sénégal</i>, Paris ; Budapest ; Torino, L'Harmattan, 2002, 400 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7475-2291-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-7475-2291-1">2-7475-2291-1</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Mar Fall, <i>L'État et la question syndicale au Sénégal</i>, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1989, 127 p.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Omar Guèye, <i>Le mouvement syndical au Sénégal pendant la deuxième guerre mondiale</i>, Dakar, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, 1991, 43 p. (Mémoire de DEA)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Magatte Lô, <i>Sénégal : syndicalisme et participation responsible</i>, L'Harmattan, 1987</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> F. Mulot, « Syndicalisme et politique au Sénégal », <i>Revue française d'études politiques africaines</i>, 158, 1979, p. 63-90</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Birame Ndour, <i>Éléments d'études sur le mouvement ouvrier dans les chemins de fer du Sénégal (1882–1938)</i>, Paris, Université de Paris VII, 1981, 67 p. (Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondies)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> E. H. I. Niang, <i>Le rôle du syndicalisme dans le développement économique : le cas du Sénégal</i>, Université Laval, 1987 (M.A.)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Luis C. Nunes, <i>La Participation du syndicalisme à la construction nationale en Afrique : examples du Sénégal, Mali et Côte d'Ivoire</i>, Genève, Ed. Médecine et Hygiène, 1972</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Jean-Pierre Phan, <i>Syndicalisme et mouvement de libération nationale au Sénégal jusqu'à l'indépendance</i>, 1976</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Christian Roche, <i>Le Sénégal à la conquête de son indépendance, 1939-1960. Chronique de la vie politique et syndicale, de l'Empire français à l'Indépendance</i>, Paris, Karthala, 2001, 286 p.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Ousmane Kéba Sane, <i>Le mouvement syndical enseignant au Sénégal : Du syndicat unique de l'enseignement laïc (S.U.E.L) au syndicat des enseignants du Sénégal (S.E.S)</i>, Dakar, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, 2002, 143 p. (Mémoire de Maîtrise)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Djibril Alassane Sarr, <i>L’UNTS : histoire d'une centrale syndicale (1962–1971)</i>, Dakar, Université de Dakar, 1986, 106 p. (Mémoire de Maîtrise)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Ahmat Hadji Sidimi, <i>Le mouvement ouvrier dans le chemin de fer 1917-1925. Genèse, évolution</i>, Dakar, Université de Dakar, 1983, 126 p. + 4 p. (Mémoire de Maîtrise)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a href="/wiki/Iba_Der_Thiam" title="Iba Der Thiam">Iba Der Thiam</a>, <i>L’évolution politique et syndicale du Sénégal colonial de 1840 à 1936</i>, Paris, Université de Paris I, 1983, 9 vol., 5 179 p. (Thèse d'État)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Adrien Dioh, <i>Les syndicats de travailleurs au Sénégal</i>, Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : L'Harmattan, 2002, 400 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7475-2291-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-7475-2291-1">2-7475-2291-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Senegal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101206064653/http://www.fsa.ulaval.ca/personnel/vernag/syndicat/SOUDARI%20_%20SENEGAL.pdf">Confédération Nationale des Travailleurs du Sénégal (CNTS)</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080630024453/http://communisme.wordpress.com/category/senegal/">Solidarité Ouvrière: Senegal</a>. Senegalese news stories related to trade union militancy.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717005611/http://webfusion.ilo.org/public/db/standards/normes/libsynd/getRepsCtryStatus.cfm?hdroff=1&ctry=1010&Lang=EN&status=DCases">Cases Before the Committee on Freedom of Association: Senegal</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Senegal_topics" title="Template:Senegal topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Senegal_topics" title="Template talk:Senegal topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Senegal_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Senegal topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Senegal_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Senegal-related_articles" title="Index of Senegal-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Senegal" title="History of Senegal">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_West_Africa" title="History of West Africa">Regional history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kingdoms_of_Senegal" title="Category:Kingdoms of Senegal">Precolonial kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Saharan_slave_trade" title="Trans-Saharan slave trade">Trans-Saharan slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_conquest_of_Senegal" title="French conquest of Senegal">French conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">French West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="African slave trade">African slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Senegal">British invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Federation" title="Mali Federation">Mali Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegambia" title="Senegambia">Senegambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegambia_Confederation" title="Senegambia Confederation">Senegambia Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania%E2%80%93Senegal_Border_War" title="Mauritania–Senegal Border War">Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissau-Guinean_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Bissau-Guinean Civil War">Bissau-Guinean Civil War involvement</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Senegal" title="Coat of arms of Senegal"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Coat_of_arms_of_Senegal.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Coat_of_arms_of_Senegal.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Coat_of_arms_of_Senegal.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="1085" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Senegal" title="Geography of Senegal">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Network_of_Biosphere_Reserves_in_Africa#Senegal" title="World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Africa">Biosphere Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Senegal" title="Template:Borders of Senegal">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance" title="Casamance">Casamance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Senegal" title="Climate change in Senegal">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Senegal" title="Environmental issues in Senegal">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Senegal" title="List of cities in Senegal">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Senegal" title="List of islands of Senegal">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national parks of Senegal">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Senegal" title="List of rivers of Senegal">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Senegal" title="Wildlife of Senegal">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Africa" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Africa">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Senegal" title="Politics of Senegal">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Senegal">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Senegal" title="Constitution of Senegal">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Senegal)" title="Court of Cassation (Senegal)">Court of Cassation <span style="font-size:85%;">(judiciary)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Senegal" title="Elections in Senegal">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Senegal" title="Foreign relations of Senegal">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Senegal" title="Human rights in Senegal">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Senegal">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Senegal" title="Armed Forces of Senegal">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Senegal)" title="Chief of the General Staff (Senegal)">Chief of the General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Senegal">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Senegal" title="List of political parties in Senegal">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Senegal" title="President of Senegal">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Senegal" title="Prime Minister of Senegal">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Senegal" title="Economy of Senegal">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Senegal" title="Agriculture in Senegal">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Senegal" title="Energy in Senegal">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_CFA_franc" title="West African CFA franc">Franc <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Senegal" title="Housing in Senegal">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Senegal" title="Telecommunications in Senegal">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Senegal" title="Tourism in Senegal">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Senegal" title="Transport in Senegal">Transport</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Senegal" title="Category:Society of Senegal">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Senegal" title="Abortion in Senegal">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_marriage_in_Senegal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child marriage in Senegal (page does not exist)">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Senegal" title="Demographics of Senegal">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Senegal" title="Education in Senegal">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Senegal" title="Ethnic groups in Senegal">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Senegal" title="Health in Senegal">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Senegal" title="Human trafficking in Senegal">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Senegal" title="Languages of Senegal">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Senegal">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Senegal" title="Prostitution in Senegal">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Senegal" title="Religion in Senegal">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Senegal" title="Water supply and sanitation in Senegal">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Senegal">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Le_Lion_rouge" title="Le Lion rouge">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Senegal" title="Cinema of Senegal">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Senegal" title="Coat of arms of Senegal">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_cuisine" title="Senegalese cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Senegal" title="Flag of Senegal">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_literature" title="Senegalese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Senegal">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Senegal" title="Music of Senegal">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Senegal" title="Public holidays in Senegal">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Senegal" title="Category:Sport in Senegal">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Senegal" title="Outline of Senegal">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Senegal-related_articles" title="Index of Senegal-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Senegal" title="Category:Senegal">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Senegal" title="Portal:Senegal">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trade_unions_in_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trade_unions_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Trade unions in Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Algeria" title="Trade unions in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Angola" title="Trade unions in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Benin" title="Trade unions in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Botswana" title="Trade unions in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Trade unions in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Burundi" title="Trade unions in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Cameroon" title="Trade unions in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Cape_Verde" title="Trade unions in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unions in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Chad" title="Trade unions in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_Comoros" title="Trade unions in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Trade unions in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Djibouti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Djibouti (page does not exist)">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Egypt" title="Trade unions in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Equatorial Guinea (page does not exist)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Eritrea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Eritrea (page does not exist)">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Eswatini (page does not exist)">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Ethiopia" title="Trade unions in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Gabon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Gabon (page does not exist)">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_Gambia" title="Trade unions in the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Ghana" title="Trade unions in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Guinea" title="Trade unions in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Guinea-Bissau (page does not exist)">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Ivory_Coast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Ivory Coast (page does not exist)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Kenya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Kenya (page does not exist)">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Lesotho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Lesotho (page does not exist)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Liberia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Liberia (page does not exist)">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Libya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Libya (page does not exist)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Madagascar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Madagascar (page does not exist)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Malawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Malawi (page does not exist)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Mali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Mali (page does not exist)">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unions in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Mauritius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Mauritius (page does not exist)">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Morocco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Morocco (page does not exist)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Mozambique (page does not exist)">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Namibia (page does not exist)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Niger" title="Trade unions in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Nigeria (page does not exist)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Rwanda (page does not exist)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in São Tomé and Príncipe (page does not exist)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Seychelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Seychelles (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Trade unions in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Somalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Somalia (page does not exist)">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_South_Africa" title="Trade unions in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_South_Sudan" title="Trade unions in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Sudan" title="Trade unions in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Tanzania" title="Trade unions in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Togo" title="Trade unions in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unions in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Uganda" title="Trade unions in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Zambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Zambia (page does not exist)">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Zimbabwe (page does not exist)">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (page does not exist)">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Somaliland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Somaliland (page does not exist)">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_the_Canary_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in the Canary Islands (page does not exist)">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Madeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Madeira (page does not exist)">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Mayotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Mayotte (page does not exist)">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Réunion (page does not exist)">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Saint_Helena" title="Trade unions in Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unions in Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_unions_in_Tristan_da_Cunha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade unions in Tristan da Cunha (page does not exist)">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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