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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">一</span> <span>史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="切換目次" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">切換目次</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">巴拿馬運河</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往別種語言的條目。有一四八種語言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-148" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">一四八種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamakanaal" title="Panamakanaal – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Panamakanaal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamakanal" title="Panamakanal – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Panamakanal" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%93%E1%88%9B_%E1%89%A6%E1%8B%AD" title="ፓናማ ቦይ – 阿姆哈拉文" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፓናማ ቦይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_de_Panam%C3%A1" title="Canal de Panamá – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Canal de Panamá" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7" title="قناة بنما – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قناة بنما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="قناة باناما – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قناة باناما" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="পানামা খাল – 阿薩姆文" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পানামা খাল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿薩姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_de_Panam%C3%A1" title="Canal de Panamá – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Canal de Panamá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="पनामा नहर – 阿瓦文" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पनामा नहर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_kanal%C4%B1" title="Panama kanalı – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Panama kanalı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="پاناما کانالی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پاناما کانالی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Панама каналы – 巴什喀爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Панама каналы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什喀爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terusan_Panama" title="Terusan Panama – 峇里文" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Terusan Panama" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="峇里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamakanal" title="Panamakanal – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Panamakanal" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamas_kanals" title="Panamas kanals – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Panamas kanals" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanal_nin_Panama" title="Kanal nin Panama – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kanal nin Panama" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Панамскі канал – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Панамскі канал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Панамскі канал – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Панамскі канал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Панамски канал – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Панамски канал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="पनामा नहर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पनामा नहर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="পানামা খাল – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পানামা খাল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanol_Panam%C3%A1" title="Kanol Panamá – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kanol Panamá" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamski_kanal" title="Panamski kanal – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Panamski kanal" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Панамын һубаг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Панамын һубаг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_de_Panam%C3%A0" title="Canal de Panamà – 加泰蘭文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Canal de Panamà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_%C3%94ng-%C3%B2%CC%A4" title="Panama Ông-ò̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Panama Ông-ò̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Панаман татол – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Панаман татол" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal_(kanal_nga_nabigasyon)" title="Panama Canal (kanal nga nabigasyon) – 宿霧文" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Panama Canal (kanal nga nabigasyon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿霧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%86%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%86%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7" title="نۆکەندی پەنەما – 中庫德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نۆکەندی پەنەما" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中庫德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canali_di_Panama" title="Canali di Panama – 科西嘉文" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Canali di Panama" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_kanal%C4%B1" title="Panama kanalı – 土耳其文（克里米亞半島）" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Panama kanalı" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="土耳其文（克里米亞半島）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamsk%C3%BD_pr%C5%AFplav" title="Panamský průplav – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Panamský průplav" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%95" title="Панама каналĕ – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Панама каналĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camlas_Panam%C3%A2" title="Camlas Panamâ – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Camlas Panamâ" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamakanalen" title="Panamakanalen – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Panamakanalen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="正典"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamakanal" title="Panamakanal – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Panamakanal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%A7_%DE%86%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0" title="ޕެނަމާ ކެނަލް – 迪維西文" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕެނަމާ ކެނަލް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪維西文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CF%8E%CF%81%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AC" title="Διώρυγα του Παναμά – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διώρυγα του Παναμά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Panama Canal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="正典"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_kanalo" title="Panama kanalo – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Panama kanalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_de_Panam%C3%A1" title="Canal de Panamá – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Canal de Panamá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_kanal" title="Panama kanal – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Panama kanal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamako_kanala" title="Panamako kanala – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Panamako kanala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کانال پاناما – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانال پاناما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaman_kanava" title="Panaman kanava – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Panaman kanava" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamaveitin" title="Panamaveitin – 法羅文" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Panamaveitin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="卓著"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_de_Panama" title="Canal de Panama – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Canal de Panama" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamakanaal" title="Panamakanaal – 北弗里西亞文" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Panamakanaal" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamakanaal" title="Panamakanaal – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Panamakanaal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%C3%A1il_Phanama" title="Canáil Phanama – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Canáil Phanama" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3" title="巴拿馬運河 – 贛語" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="巴拿馬運河" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="贛語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canle_de_Panam%C3%A1" title="Canle de Panamá – 加利西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Canle de Panamá" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yrape_Panama" title="Yrape Panama – 瓜拉尼文" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yrape Panama" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Yun-h%C3%B2" title="Panama Yun-hò – 客家話" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Panama Yun-hò" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家話" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%94" title="תעלת פנמה – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תעלת פנמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="पनामा नहर – 印地文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पनामा नहर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Panama Canal" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamski_kanal" title="Panamski kanal – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Panamski kanal" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanal_Panama" title="Kanal Panama – 海地文" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kanal Panama" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama-csatorna" title="Panama-csatorna – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Panama-csatorna" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81%D6%84" title="Պանամայի ջրանցք – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պանամայի ջրանցք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_de_Panama" title="Canal de Panama – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Canal de Panama" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terusan_Panama" title="Terusan Panama – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Terusan Panama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanal_Panama" title="Kanal Panama – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kanal Panama" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanalo_di_Panama" title="Kanalo di Panama – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kanalo di Panama" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamaskur%C3%B0urinn" title="Panamaskurðurinn – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Panamaskurðurinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canale_di_Panama" title="Canale di Panama – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Canale di Panama" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%8A%E3%83%9E%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3" title="パナマ運河 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パナマ運河" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamaa_Kianal" title="Panamaa Kianal – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Panamaa Kianal" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidhatan_Panama" title="Sidhatan Panama – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sidhatan Panama" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="卓著"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98" title="პანამის არხი – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პანამის არხი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targa_n_Panama" title="Targa n Panama – 卡比爾文" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Targa n Panama" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡比爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_H%C9%9B%C5%8Ba" title="Panama Hɛŋa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Panama Hɛŋa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Панама каналы – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Панама каналы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6" title="ព្រែកជីកប៉ាណាម៉ា – 高棉文" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ព្រែកជីកប៉ាណាម៉ា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86" title="ಪನಾಮ ಕಾಲುವೆ – 坎那達文" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪನಾಮ ಕಾಲುವೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="坎那達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%82%98%EB%A7%88_%EC%9A%B4%ED%95%98" title="파나마 운하 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파나마 운하" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Панама илипин – 卡拉柴-包爾卡爾文" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Панама илипин" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉柴-包爾卡爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8E%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%86%DB%81%D8%B1" title="پَنَما نہر – 喀什米爾文" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پَنَما نہر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="喀什米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanala_Panamay%C3%AA" title="Kanala Panamayê – 庫德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kanala Panamayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goeth_Panama" title="Goeth Panama – 康瓦耳文" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Goeth Panama" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康瓦耳文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Панама каналы – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Панама каналы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canalis_Panamensis" title="Canalis Panamensis – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Canalis Panamensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamakanal" title="Panamakanal – 盧森堡文" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Panamakanal" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="盧森堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamaknaal" title="Panamaknaal – 林堡文" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Panamaknaal" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%C3%A2le_do_Panam%C3%A1" title="Canâle do Panamá – 利古里亞文" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Canâle do Panamá" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_de_Panama" title="Canal de Panama – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Canal de Panama" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamos_kanalas" title="Panamos kanalas – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Panamos kanalas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamas_kan%C4%81ls" title="Panamas kanāls – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Panamas kanāls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakandranon%27_i_Panama" title="Lakandranon' i Panama – 馬達加斯加文" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lakandranon' i Panama" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="馬達加斯加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Панама канал – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Панама канал" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarusan_Panama" title="Tarusan Panama – 米南卡堡文" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tarusan Panama" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南卡堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Панамски Канал – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Панамски Канал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD" title="പനാമ കനാൽ – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പനാമ കനാൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Панамын суваг – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Панамын суваг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="पनामा कालवा – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पनामा कालवा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terusan_Panama" title="Terusan Panama – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Terusan Panama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ပနားမား တူးမြောင်း – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပနားမား တူးမြောင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Панамань венчсуза – 厄爾茲亞文" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Панамань венчсуза" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄爾茲亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamakanaal" title="Panamakanaal – 低地德文" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Panamakanaal" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="पानामा नहर – 尼泊爾文" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पानामा नहर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="पनामा नहर – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पनामा नहर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamakanaal" title="Panamakanaal – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Panamakanaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamakanalen" title="Panamakanalen – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Panamakanalen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="卓著"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamakanalen" title="Panamakanalen – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Panamakanalen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_de_Panam%C3%A0" title="Canal de Panamà – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Canal de Panamà" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0" title="ਪਨਾਮਾ ਨਹਿਰ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਨਾਮਾ ਨਹਿਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana%C5%82_Panamski" title="Kanał Panamski – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kanał Panamski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_%C3%ABd_Panam%C3%A0" title="Canal ëd Panamà – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Canal ëd Panamà" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%86%DB%81%D8%B1" title="پاناما نہر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پاناما نہر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_do_Panam%C3%A1" title="Canal do Panamá – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Canal do Panamá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canalul_Panama" title="Canalul Panama – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Canalul Panama" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canale_de_Panama" title="Canale de Panama – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Canale de Panama" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Панамский канал – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панамский канал" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Панамскый канал – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Панамскый канал" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Панаама ханаала – 雅庫特文" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Панаама ханаала" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="雅庫特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canali_di_Panam%C3%A0" title="Canali di Panamà – 西西里文" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Canali di Panamà" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamski_kanal" title="Panamski kanal – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Panamski kanal" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Panama Canal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamsk%C3%BD_prieplav" title="Panamský prieplav – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Panamský prieplav" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamski_prekop" title="Panamski prekop – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Panamski prekop" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanaalka_Banama" title="Kanaalka Banama – 索馬利文" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kanaalka Banama" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索馬利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanali_i_Panamas%C3%AB" title="Kanali i Panamasë – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kanali i Panamasë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Панамски канал – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Панамски канал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamakanoal" title="Panamakanoal – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Panamakanoal" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamakanalen" title="Panamakanalen – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Panamakanalen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfereji_wa_Panama" title="Mfereji wa Panama – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfereji wa Panama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="பனாமா கால்வாய் – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பனாமா கால்வாய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5" title="పనామా కాలువ – 泰盧固文" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పనామా కాలువ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰盧固文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="卓著"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="คลองปานามา – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คลองปานามา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_kanaly" title="Panama kanaly – 土庫曼文" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Panama kanaly" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土庫曼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanal_ng_Panama" title="Kanal ng Panama – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kanal ng Panama" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Kanal%C4%B1" title="Panama Kanalı – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Panama Kanalı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_kanal%C4%B1" title="Panama kanalı – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Panama kanalı" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Панамський канал – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Панамський канал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%81%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="نہر پاناما – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نہر پاناما" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_kanali" title="Panama kanali – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Panama kanali" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cana%C5%82e_de_P%C3%A0nama" title="Canałe de Pànama – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Canałe de Pànama" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaman_kanal" title="Panaman kanal – 維普森文" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Panaman kanal" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="維普森文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AAnh_%C4%91%C3%A0o_Panama" title="Kênh đào Panama – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kênh đào Panama" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanal_han_Panama" title="Kanal han Panama – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kanal han Panama" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3" title="巴拿马运河 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴拿马运河" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9C" title="פאנאמא קאנאל – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאנאמא קאנאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Clad%C3%B2_Panam%C3%A1" title="Ìladò Panamá – 約魯巴文" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìladò Panamá" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="約魯巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamakanaol" title="Panamakanaol – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Panamakanaol" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3" title="巴拿马运河 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴拿马运河" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_%C5%AAn-h%C3%B4" title="Panama Ūn-hô – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Panama Ūn-hô" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3" title="巴拿馬運河 – 粵語" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴拿馬運河" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粵語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7350#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="修跨語鏈" class="wbc-editpage">纂鏈</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名集"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="巴拿馬共和國">巴拿馬</a>，全長八十一<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E9%87%8C" title="公里">公里</a>又三百<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%B0%BA" title="公尺">米</a>，寬百五十至三百米不等。水深十四米。七萬<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="噸">噸</a>級<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E8%BC%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海輪（查無此頁）">海輪</a>可暢行焉。以其溝通二洋，舉世頗獲其利，近歲，每歲行船萬四千有奇，行貨逾二億噸。 </p><p>夫北美洲，北寬而南窄，餘脉綿延百里，自<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a>以來，循西北而東南，繫乎南美大陸，惟於巴拿馬之地，忽折轉東北，旋複歸東南，其走向與二洲大勢相錯，名曰<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴拿馬地峽（查無此頁）">巴拿馬地峽</a>。運河既處其間，加之初浚之日，物力不逮，為取其便利，遂依地勢而行，運河水道陡轉，固非逕通東西者也：夫西行之船，當先入<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加勒比海（查無此頁）">加勒比海</a>，於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E9%9A%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科隆（查無此頁）">科隆</a>南入<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9A%E6%B9%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加通湖（查無此頁）">加通湖</a>；湖內返變道東南，沿河行至<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC%E7%81%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴拿馬灣（查無此頁）">巴拿馬灣</a>，再西轉方入太平洋。運河水位又高乎洋面二十米有奇，故其間六設<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%B9%E9%96%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="船閘（查無此頁）">船閘</a>以通往來，每須陞船，輒入<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="淡水（查無此頁）">淡水</a>萬<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E7%B1%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立方米（查無此頁）">方</a>以計。以其航道曲折蜿蜒，船當循<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8E%E8%88%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="導航（查無此頁）">導航</a>之以引止，方可無虞焉。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="史"><span id=".E5.8F.B2"></span>史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=1" title="所纂章名：史"><span>纂</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="十六世紀（查無此頁）">十六世紀</a>中，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>列強略屬<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="美洲">美洲</a>，其南北之間有國曰<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" title="哥倫比亞">哥倫比亞</a>，而界乎二大洋，絕其水路。東來之船有欲達太平洋者，當遠行至南美<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%81%A9%E8%A7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛恩角（查無此頁）">佛恩角</a>之<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E5%93%B2%E5%80%AB%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥哲倫海峽（查無此頁）">麥哲倫海峽</a>，頗費周章。時西班牙王<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="查理五世（查無此頁）">查理五世</a>即嘗諭令勘測，欲鑿河道，惟限乎物力，未果，遂弃之。 </p><p>迨至<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%83%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4" title="一八七九年">一八七九年</a>，諸國議決，以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國">法國</a>承其事。翌年元日，法府立「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC%E6%B4%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球巴拿馬洋際運河公司（查無此頁）">全球巴拿馬洋際運河公司</a>」，籌資浚渠，時曆八載，耗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E9%83%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法郎（查無此頁）">法郎</a>二十億余，終以物力不逮，又其地多<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E7%96%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瘧疾（查無此頁）">瘧疾</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E7%86%B1%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄熱病（查無此頁）">黄熱病</a>，勞工死傷無數，遂中道廢之。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E9%9B%B6%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="一九零三年">一九零三年</a>，時美國<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="總統">總統</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西奧多·羅斯福（查無此頁）">羅斯福</a>以運河大利，欲續承其事，因商之於<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" title="哥倫比亞">哥倫比亞</a>，然哥國<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="議會（查無此頁）">議會</a>未之允，美遂陰資巴拿馬之二心者裂其土，立<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="巴拿馬共和國">巴拿馬共和國</a>。十一月十八日，美巴立約，美國以<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E9%87%91" title="美金">美金</a>千萬，得永租河區，得以为租借也，並得沿河築路駐軍。其后又改善环境,改造营地城镇,又以美金四千萬余，購法國運河開發權。乃於法國所浚故道，續為開拓，複累耗美金三億七千萬，又歷時凡十有一年乃就。累掘土二億六千萬方，計亡五千六百又九人。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E5%9B%9B%E5%B9%B4" title="一九一四年">一九一四年</a>，八月十五日，功成通航。較之行經麥哲倫海峽，短其行程，萬四千八百余公里也。 </p><p>河之初成，美府立<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴拿馬運河管理委員會（查無此頁）">巴拿馬運河管理委員會</a>掌其管也，以美人為酋，巴人襄之。運河沿岸，儼然國中之國。至<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%83%E5%B9%B4" title="一九七七年">一九七七年</a>，美、巴方訂<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴拿馬運河條約（查無此頁）">巴拿馬運河條約</a>，定<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4" title="一九九九年">一九九九年</a>十二月卅一為租借約滿之日也。俟期限至，巴國終得其河；且立誓，運河一區<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E4%B9%85%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="永久中立（查無此頁）">永久中立</a>，以利天下，惟立<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴拿馬運河管理局（查無此頁）">巴拿馬運河管理局</a>以控，取導航之費以資河道運營，每船或酬萬金。 </p><p>河通百年，時事巨變，今之海輪，輒以數十萬噸計，河淺不堪其用。巴國遂於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E9%9B%B6%E4%B8%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二零零七（查無此頁）">二零零七</a>年複拓之，<a 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