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Buddhanet - Buddhist Photographic Documentaries
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</div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-89d9816 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="89d9816" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"aef100a","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}],"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0d7a5a5" data-id="0d7a5a5" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fae2871 elementor-align-left breadcrumbs elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs" data-id="fae2871" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="breadcrumbs.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p id="breadcrumbs"><span><span><a href="https://www.buddhanet.net/">Home</a></span> 禄 <span class="breadcrumb_last" aria-current="page">Buddhanet – Buddhist Photographic Documentaries</span></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-elementor-type="wp-page" data-elementor-id="12012" class="elementor elementor-12012" data-elementor-post-type="page"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7399a5c elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="7399a5c" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"_id":"6758dbf","jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b70e59" data-id="1b70e59" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4f24431 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="4f24431" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"6609ee8","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d496c0" data-id="2d496c0" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-76a100e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="76a100e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4982d64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="4982d64" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">BUDDHANET'S PHOTOGRAPH</h1> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b54e468 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="b54e468" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b4ae54d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="b4ae54d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;">BUDDHIST PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTARIES</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-de5f312" data-id="de5f312" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ecf13bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="ecf13bb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img decoding="async" data-src="https://www.buddhanet.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/photodoc_02.gif" title="" alt="photodoc_02" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 117px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 117/116;" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c42504a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="c42504a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-983e634 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="983e634" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>Please visit our latest exhibition of photographs entitled ‘Bhutan: The Himalayan Buddhist Kingdom’ by clicking on the link below. Ven. S. Dhammika visited Bhutan in 2005 and has kindly provided BuddhaNet with these amazing photographs.</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5a18940 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="5a18940" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a href="/bhutan-gallery/index"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="https://www.buddhanet.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/bhutan_photodoc.jpg" title="" alt="bhutan_photodoc" loading="lazy" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4555b37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="4555b37" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9505eeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="9505eeb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>All our other photo documentaries ‘Phuoc Hue Vietnamese Temple’ in Sydney Australia, ‘Sangha’ by Friedrich Reg and ‘Sacred Lotus’ by Heng H.C. are available by clicking on the links below:</p> </div> </div> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-17b18e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="17b18e5" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"9a0ab8f","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-552a607" data-id="552a607" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1f50f41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="1f50f41" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a href="/phoc_hue/index."> <img decoding="async" width="167" height="137" data-src="https://www.buddhanet.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/phoc-hue_temple.gif" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-19751 lazyload" alt="phoc-hue_temple" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 167px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 167/137;" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1e1e206" data-id="1e1e206" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7a3eefd elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="7a3eefd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ad734e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="ad734e5" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">PHUOC HUE</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-adf6803 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="adf6803" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7d576cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="7d576cf" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">VIETNAMESE TEMPLE IN SDYNEY AUSTRALIA</h4> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5f246e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="5f246e3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-97e073a elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="97e073a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/phoc_hue/index"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Please Enter</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3ecec8f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="3ecec8f" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"9a0ab8f","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1f968a" data-id="f1f968a" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d3fe65d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="d3fe65d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a href="/salotus1"> <img decoding="async" width="125" height="100" data-src="https://www.buddhanet.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/photodoc_09.gif" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-12033 lazyload" alt="photodoc_09" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 125px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 125/100;" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c48fd55" data-id="c48fd55" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1cc3d2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="1cc3d2a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c3ce285 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="c3ce285" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">SACRED LOTUS</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6fc836e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="6fc836e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> 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