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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1922 translation of the Bible</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:maroon;color:white;">Moffatt New Translation</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Moffatt_Translation_of_the_Bible.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/The_Moffatt_Translation_of_the_Bible.jpg/220px-The_Moffatt_Translation_of_the_Bible.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/The_Moffatt_Translation_of_the_Bible.jpg/330px-The_Moffatt_Translation_of_the_Bible.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/The_Moffatt_Translation_of_the_Bible.jpg/440px-The_Moffatt_Translation_of_the_Bible.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2403" data-file-height="3690" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:1px;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Full name</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">The Holy Bible Containing the Old and New Testaments, a New Translation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:1px;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">MNT</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:1px;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:1px;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap">Complete Bible<br />published</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1922</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:1px;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Authorship</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">James Moffatt</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:1px;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">The University of Chicago Press</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:1" title="Genesis 1:1">Genesis 1:1–3</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> When God began to form the universe, the world was void and vacant, darkness lay over the abyss; but the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters, and God said, "Let there be light," and there was light.</div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/John_3:16" title="John 3:16">John 3:16</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> For God loved the world so dearly that he gave up his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him may have eternal life, instead of perishing.</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Moffatt, New Translation (MNT)</b> is an abbreviation of the title <i><b>The Holy Bible Containing the Old and New Testaments, a New Translation</b></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Moffatt" title="James Moffatt">James Moffatt</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moffatt,_New_Translation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the introduction to his 1926 edition, Moffatt wrote, "The aim I have endeavoured to keep before my mind in making this translation has been to present the books of the Old and the New Testament in effective, intelligible English. No translation of an ancient classic can be quite intelligible, it is true, unless the reader is sufficiently acquainted with its environment to understand some of its flying allusions and characteristic metaphors. But something may be done and I am convinced, ought to be done at the present day to offer the unlearned a transcript of the Biblical literature as it lies in the light thrown upon it by modern research. The Bible is not always what it seems to those who read it in the great prose of the English version or indeed, in any of the conventional versions. What it is may be partly suggested by a new rendering, such as the following pages present, that is, a fresh translation<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the original, not a revision of any English version." </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_English" title="Bible translations into English">The Bible in English</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Bible_translations" title="List of English Bible translations">List of English Bible translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_Bible_translations" title="Old English Bible translations">Old English (pre-1066)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_English_Bible_translations" title="Middle English Bible translations">Middle English (1066–1500)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_English_Bible_translations" title="Early Modern English Bible translations">Early Modern English (1500–1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_English_Bible_translations" title="Modern English Bible translations">Modern Christian (1800– )</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_English_Bible_translations" title="Jewish English Bible translations">Modern Jewish (1853– )</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Bible_translations_into_English" title="Category:Bible translations into English">Bible translations into English</a></div> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/48px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/64px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible portal</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English_Bible_translations" title="Template:English Bible translations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:English_Bible_translations" title="Template talk:English Bible translations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English_Bible_translations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English Bible translations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In beginning his work in 1901, he arranged the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> into what he perceived to be historical order and provided an original translation of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, <i>The Historical New Testament. Being the Literature of the New Testament Arranged in the Order of Its Literary Growth and According to the Dates of the Documents.</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moffatt's departed from traditional translations in several areas. Firstly, he held to the <a href="/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">documentary hypothesis</a> and printed his Bible in different typefaces according to which author he believed had written each particular section. Secondly, he dated most books hundreds of years later than most theologians did at the time,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which stemmed from his doubt about the historical accuracy of many of the biblical books (especially in the Old Testament). Finally, he rearranged the biblical texts (usually by switching chapter orders), based on his judgments about the content, authorship, and historicity of the texts. For example, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of John">John </a> 14 comes after John 15 and 16 in the Moffatt Bible. </p><p>He raised objections from many scholars<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but proved very popular and started a trend toward more paraphrased translations.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His translation was used as a benchmark for accuracy by <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a> during his research for 'Reflections on the Psalms' (1958),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was utilized by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> for quotations from Philippians in 'Strength to Love' (1963). <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibles">Bibles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moffatt,_New_Translation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bibles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The New Testament a New Translation</i>, 1913</li> <li><i>The Old Testament A New Translation</i>, Vol. I, Genesis-Esther 1924</li> <li><i>The Old Testament A New Translation</i> Vol. II, Job-Malachi 1925</li> <li><i>The Holy Bible Containing the Old and New Testaments</i>, 1926</li> <li><i>A New Translation of The Bible Containing the Old and New Testaments</i>, revised, 1935</li> <li>Shorter version, 1941</li> <li>Commentary (17 volumes), 1928-1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordance_(publishing)" title="Concordance (publishing)">Concordance</a>, 1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a>, included in Volume 1-Apocrypha of <i>The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament in English</i> edited by R. H. Charles 1913.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moffatt,_New_Translation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Bible_translations" title="List of English Bible translations">List of English Bible translations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moffatt,_New_Translation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olivetree.com/resources/bibles/paraphrasedtranslations.php"><i>A Guide to Finding the Right Bible Translation</i></a>, 10 June 2021</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+Finding+the+Right+Bible+Translation&rft.date=2021-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olivetree.com%2Fresources%2Fbibles%2Fparaphrasedtranslations.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoffatt%2C+New+Translation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibles.wikidot.com/moffatt">The Historical New Testament</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Bible: James Moffatt Translation by James A R Moffatt, Kregel Publications, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA, 1994, Publisher's Preface page 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olivetree.com/resources/bibles/paraphrasedtranslations.php">"A Guide to Finding the Right Bible Translation"</a>. 10 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+Finding+the+Right+Bible+Translation&rft.date=2021-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olivetree.com%2Fresources%2Fbibles%2Fparaphrasedtranslations.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoffatt%2C+New+Translation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See C. S. Lewis, <i>Reflections on the Psalms</i> toward the end of the Introductory chapter: "I have usually checked, and sometimes corrected, his [Coverdale's]version from that of Dr. Moffatt."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing_Jr.1981" class="citation book cs1">King Jr., Martin Luther (1981). <i>Strength To Love</i>. Boston: Beacon Press. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strength+To+Love&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Beacon+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=King+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Martin+Luther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoffatt%2C+New+Translation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moffatt,_New_Translation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.innvista.com/culture/religion/bible/versions/moffatt-new-translation/">Innvista's MNT page</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:English_Bible_translation_navbox" title="Template talk:English Bible translation navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English_Bible_translation_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English Bible translation navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English-language_translations_of_the_Bible" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_English" title="Bible translations into English">English-language translations</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th–11th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wessex_Gospels" title="Wessex Gospels">Wessex Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatton_Gospels" title="Hatton Gospels">Hatton Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_Hexateuch" title="Old English Hexateuch">Old English Hexateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_Bible_translations" title="Old English Bible translations">Old English Bible translations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle English</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wycliffe%27s_Bible" title="Wycliffe's Bible">Wycliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_English_Bible_translations" title="Middle English Bible translations">Middle English Bible translations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th–17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyndale_Bible" title="Tyndale Bible">Tyndale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coverdale_Bible" title="Coverdale Bible">Coverdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bible" title="Matthew Bible">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bible" title="Great Bible">Great Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taverner%27s_Bible" title="Taverner's Bible">Taverner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Bible" title="Geneva Bible">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_Bible" title="Bishops' Bible">Bishops'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douay%E2%80%93Rheims_Bible" title="Douay–Rheims Bible">Douay–Rheims</a> (DRV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James</a> (KJV)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th–19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douay%E2%80%93Rheims_Bible#Challoner_Revision" title="Douay–Rheims Bible">Challoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Septuagint_version_of_the_Old_Testament_(Brenton)" title="The Septuagint version of the Old Testament (Brenton)">Brenton's Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster%27s_Revision" title="Webster's Revision">Webster's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young%27s_Literal_Translation" title="Young's Literal Translation">Young's Literal</a> (YLT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Version" title="Revised Version">Revised</a> (RV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Oracles" title="Living Oracles">Living Oracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darby_Bible" title="Darby Bible">Darby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emphatic_Diaglott" title="Emphatic Diaglott">Emphatic Diaglott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith_Translation_of_the_Bible" title="Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible">Joseph Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_Bible" title="Quaker Bible">Quaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_E._Smith_Parker_Translation" title="Julia E. Smith Parker Translation">Julia E. Smith Parker Translation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Standard_Version" title="American Standard Version">American Standard</a> (ASV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emphasized_Bible" title="Emphasized Bible">Rotherham's Emphasized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrar_Fenton_Bible" title="Ferrar Fenton Bible">Ferrar Fenton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moffatt, New Translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knox_Bible" title="Knox Bible">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_in_Basic_English" title="Bible in Basic English">Basic English</a> (BBE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Standard_Version" title="Revised Standard Version">Revised Standard</a> (RSV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_Bible_Series" title="Anchor Bible Series">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Translation_of_the_Holy_Scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures">New World</a> (NWT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Language_Bible" title="Modern Language Bible">Modern Language</a> (MLB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_English_Bible" title="New English Bible">New English</a> (NEB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_in_Living_English" title="The Bible in Living English">Living English</a> (BLE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_American_Standard_Bible" title="New American Standard Bible">New American Standard</a> (NASB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_News_Bible" title="Good News Bible">Good News</a> (GNB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Bible" title="Jerusalem Bible">Jerusalem</a> (JB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_American_Bible" title="New American Bible">New American</a> (NAB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Living_Bible" title="The Living Bible">Living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_International_Version" title="New International Version">New International</a> (NIV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Century_Version" title="New Century Version">New Century</a> (NCV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Scriptures_Bethel_Edition" title="Sacred Scriptures Bethel Edition">Bethel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_King_James_Version" title="New King James Version">New King James</a> (NKJV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem_Bible" title="New Jerusalem Bible">New Jerusalem</a> (NJB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green%27s_Literal_Translation" title="Green's Literal Translation">Green's Literal Translation</a> (GLT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovery_Version" title="Recovery Version">Recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Community_Bible" title="Christian Community Bible">Christian Community</a> (CCB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Revised_Standard_Version" title="New Revised Standard Version">New Revised Standard</a> (NRSV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revised_English_Bible" title="Revised English Bible">Revised English</a> (REB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_English_Version" title="Contemporary English Version">Contemporary English</a> (CEV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Message_(Bible)" title="The Message (Bible)">The Message</a> (MSG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clear_Word" class="mw-redirect" title="The Clear Word">Clear Word</a> (TCW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Life_Version" title="New Life Version">New Life</a> (NLV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Century_King_James_Version" title="21st Century King James Version">21st Century King James</a> (KJ21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Millennium_Bible" title="Third Millennium Bible">Third Millennium</a> (TMB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_International_Reader%27s_Version" title="New International Reader's Version">New International Reader's</a> (NIrV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_International_Version_Inclusive_Language_Edition" title="New International Version Inclusive Language Edition">New International Inclusive Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God%27s_Word_Translation" title="God's Word Translation">God's Word</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Living_Translation" title="New Living Translation">New Living</a> (NLT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Bible_translations" title="Messianic Bible translations">Heinz Cassirer's translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Bible_translations#Complete_Jewish_Bible_(CJB)" title="Messianic Bible translations">Complete Jewish Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Version" title="International Standard Version">International Standard</a> (ISV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holman_Christian_Standard_Bible" title="Holman Christian Standard Bible">Holman Christian Standard</a> (HCSB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easy-to-Read_Version" title="Easy-to-Read Version">Easy-to-Read Version</a> (ERV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamsa_Bible" title="Lamsa Bible">The Holy Bible from Ancient Eastern Manuscripts</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Publication_Society_of_America_Version" title="Jewish Publication Society of America Version">Jewish Publication Society of America Version</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jewish_Publication_Society_of_America_Tanakh" title="New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh">New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worrell_New_Testament" title="Worrell New Testament">Worrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_New_Testament_in_Modern_English" title="Phillips New Testament in Modern English">Phillips</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Prophets" title="Four Prophets">Four Prophets (Phillips)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palmarian_Bible" title="Palmarian Bible">Palmarian Bible</a> (SH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_English_Bible" title="World English Bible">World English</a> (WEB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Bible_translations" title="Messianic Bible translations">World Messianic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Standard_Version" title="English Standard Version">English Standard</a> (ESV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Today%27s_New_International_Version" title="Today's New International Version">Today's New International</a> (TNIV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_English_Translation" title="New English Translation">New English</a> (NET)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Standard_Version_Catholic_Edition#RSV_Second_Catholic_Edition_(RSV-2CE)" title="Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition">Ignatius</a> (RSV2CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_(Bible_translation)" title="The Voice (Bible translation)">The Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_English_Bible" title="Common English Bible">Common English</a> (CEB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Bible_Polyglot" title="Apostolic Bible Polyglot">Apostolic Bible Polyglot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_American_Bible_Revised_Edition" title="New American Bible Revised Edition">New American Bible Revised Edition</a> (NABRE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexham_English_Bible" title="Lexham English Bible">Lexham English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Bible_translations" title="Messianic Bible translations">The Orthodox Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Name_Bibles" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Name Bibles">Original Aramaic Bible in Plain English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Name_Bibles" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Name Bibles">Divine Name King James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Name_Bibles" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Name Bibles">Names of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Bible_translations" title="Messianic Bible translations">Tree of Life Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_English_Version" title="Modern English Version">Modern English</a> (MEV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literal_English_Version" title="Literal English Version">Literal English</a> (LEV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Standard_Bible" title="Christian Standard Bible">Christian Standard</a> (CSB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Passion_Translation" title="The Passion Translation">The Passion Translation</a> (TPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revised_New_Jerusalem_Bible" title="Revised New Jerusalem Bible">Revised New Jerusalem</a> (RNJB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Heritage_Version" title="Evangelical Heritage Version">Evangelical Heritage</a> (EHV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Name_Bibles" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Name Bibles">New Heart English Bible, Jehovah Edition</a> (NHEB-JE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_Standard_Bible" title="Legacy Standard Bible">Legacy Standard</a> (LSB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antioch_Bible" title="Antioch Bible">Antioch Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Life_Version" title="Tree of Life Version">Tree of Life Version</a> (TLV)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berean_Standard_Bible&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berean Standard Bible (page does not exist)">Berean Standard</a> (BSB)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majority_Standard_Bible&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majority Standard Bible (page does not exist)">Majority Standard</a> (MSB)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Bible_Version&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Bible Version (page does not exist)">Free Bible Version</a> (FBV)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hebrew_Bible_(Alter)" title="The Hebrew Bible (Alter)">Alter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_English_Translation_of_the_Septuagint" title="New English Translation of the Septuagint">New English Translation of the Septuagint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Study Bibles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Haydock#The_Haydock_Bible" title="Thomas Haydock">Haydock Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Application_Study_Bible" title="Life Application Study Bible">Life Application Study Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Annotated_Bible" title="Oxford Annotated Bible">Oxford Annotated Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_Study_Bible" title="Reformation Study Bible">Reformation Study Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scofield_Reference_Bible" title="Scofield Reference Bible">Scofield Reference Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_Chain-Reference_Bible" title="Thompson Chain-Reference Bible">Thompson Chain-Reference Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finis_Jennings_Dake#Writings" title="Finis Jennings Dake">Dake Annotated Reference Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logos_International_Study_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Logos International Study Bible">Logos International Study Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMG_International" title="AMG International">Hebrew-Greek Key Word Study Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Study_Bible" title="MacArthur Study Bible">MacArthur Study Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Caldwell_Ryrie#Publications" title="Charles Caldwell Ryrie">Ryrie Study Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wesley_Study_Bible" title="The Wesley Study Bible">The Wesley Study Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Publishing_House" title="Concordia Publishing House">The Lutheran Study Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Study_Bible" title="Orthodox Study Bible">Orthodox Study Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIV_Study_Bible" title="NIV Study Bible">Study Bible for NIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESV_Study_Bible" title="ESV Study Bible">Study Bible for ESV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_NLT_Study_Bible" title="The NLT Study Bible">Study Bible for NLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_News_Study_Bible" title="Good News Study Bible">Study Bible for GNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Interpreter%27s_Study_Bible" title="New Interpreter's Study Bible">New Interpreter's Study Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflecting_God_Study_Bible" title="Reflecting God Study Bible">Reflecting God Study Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Study_Bible" title="Archaeological Study Bible">Archaeological Study Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Life_with_God_Study_Bible" title="The Life with God Study Bible">The Life with God Study Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Bible" title="The Green Bible">The Green Bible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Picture Bibles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Brick_Bible" title="The Brick Bible">The Brick Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Manga_Bible:_From_Genesis_to_Revelation" title="The Manga Bible: From Genesis to Revelation">The Manga Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Action_Bible" title="The Action Bible">The Action Bible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern Dialectal & Slang</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Glasgow_Bible" title="A Glasgow Bible">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOLCat_Bible_Translation_Project" title="LOLCat Bible Translation Project">LOLCat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable publishers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Bible_Society" title="American Bible Society">American Bible Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zondervan" title="Zondervan">Zondervan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nelson_(publisher)" title="Thomas Nelson (publisher)">Thomas Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyndale_House" title="Tyndale House">Tyndale House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LifeWay_Christian_Resources" title="LifeWay Christian Resources">Holman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockman_Foundation" title="Lockman Foundation">Lockman Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_News_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Good News Publishers">Crossway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrickson_Publisher" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrickson Publisher">Hendrickson Publisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Press" title="Ignatius Press">Ignatius Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Benedict_Press" title="Saint Benedict Press">Saint Benedict Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baronius_Press" title="Baronius Press">Baronius Press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Additional lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Bible_translations" title="List of English Bible translations">List of English Bible translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_Bible_translations" title="Old English Bible translations">Old English (pre-1066)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_English_Bible_translations" title="Middle English Bible translations">Middle English (1066–1500)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_English_Bible_translations" title="Early Modern English Bible translations">Early Modern English (1500–1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_English_Bible_translations" title="Modern English Bible translations">Modern Christian (1800–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_English_Bible_translations" title="Jewish English Bible translations">Modern Jewish (1853–)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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