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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Gamla&returntoquery=printable%3Dyes" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Gamla&returntoquery=printable%3Dyes" title="Du oppfordres 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det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utgravninger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utgravninger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Utgravninger</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Utgravninger-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Utgravninger</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Utgravninger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synagoge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synagoge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Synagoge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synagoge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dagens_Gamla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dagens_Gamla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dagens Gamla</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dagens_Gamla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gamla</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 15 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)" title="جمالا (مدينة) – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمالا (مدينة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Гамла (резерват) – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гамла (резерват)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamala" title="Gamala – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gamala" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamla" title="Gamla – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gamla" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamla" title="Gamla – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gamla" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamla" title="Gamla – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gamla" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamala" title="Gamala – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gamala" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamla" title="Gamla – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gamla" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AC%D5%A1" title="Գամլա – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գամլա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamala" title="Gamala – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gamala" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%90_(%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7)" title="גמלא (יישוב עתיק) – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גמלא (יישוב עתיק)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamla" title="Gamla – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gamla" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Гамла – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гамла" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamla" title="Gamla – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gamla" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Гамла – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гамла" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1493165#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gamla" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Gamla&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden (ikke skrevet ennå) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gamla"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamla&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamla&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamla&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gamla"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamla&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamla&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamla&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Gamla" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Gamla" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamla&oldid=23838019" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamla&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Gamla&id=23838019&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DGamla%26printable%3Dyes"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DGamla%26printable%3Dyes"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gamla&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gamla" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1493165" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates" style="font-size:85%; margin:0 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Geografiske_koordinater" title="Geografiske koordinater">Koordinater</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=no&pagename=Gamla&params=32.9027_N_35.7405_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kart, flyfoto og andre data for dette stedet"><span class="latitude">32°54′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°44′26″Ø</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">Den utskrivbare versjonen støttes ikke lenger eller har rendringsfeil. Oppdater eventuelle bokmerker i nettleseren din og bruk nettleserens standard utskriftsfunksjon i stedet.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Golan_Heights_-_Gamla_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Golan_Heights_-_Gamla_view.jpg/250px-Golan_Heights_-_Gamla_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Golan_Heights_-_Gamla_view.jpg/375px-Golan_Heights_-_Gamla_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Golan_Heights_-_Gamla_view.jpg/500px-Golan_Heights_-_Gamla_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Utsyn over ruinene av festningen på Gamle. Navnet betyr kamelpukkel, hvilket henspiller på stedets form.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gamla</b> (hebraisk: גמלא, <i>Gamla</i> eller <i>Gamala</i>) var <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8der" title="Jøder">jødisk</a> oldtidsby på <a href="/wiki/Golanh%C3%B8ydene" title="Golanhøydene">Golanhøydene</a>. Den var bosatt siden <a href="/wiki/Bronsealderen" title="Bronsealderen">tidlig bronsealder</a>. Det er antatt at den ble opprettet som en <a href="/wiki/Festning" title="Festning">festning</a> for <a href="/wiki/Selevkideriket" title="Selevkideriket">Selevkideriket</a> under <a href="/wiki/De_syriske_kriger" title="De syriske kriger">de syriske krigene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AndreaBerlin_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AndreaBerlin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stedet ble beleiret av <a href="/wiki/Romerriket" title="Romerriket">romerne</a> under <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_j%C3%B8disk-romerske_krig" class="mw-redirect" title="Første jødisk-romerske krig">den store oppstanden</a> på <a href="/wiki/100-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="100-tallet">100-tallet</a> e.Kr. og Gamla har siden blitt et symbol på jødisk motstand og heltemot for den moderne staten <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. Det er også et betydningsfullt historisk og <a href="/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi">arkeologisk</a> sted.<sup id="cite_ref-evidence_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evidence-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er i dag innenfor Gamla naturreservat og er en fremtredende turistattraksjon. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Israel_-_Gamla_path_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Israel_-_Gamla_path_001.jpg/250px-Israel_-_Gamla_path_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Israel_-_Gamla_path_001.jpg/375px-Israel_-_Gamla_path_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Israel_-_Gamla_path_001.jpg/500px-Israel_-_Gamla_path_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption>En del av den gamle steinbelagte vegen til Gamla.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gamla_the_Archeologic_camp_with_Smariu_Gutman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gamla_the_Archeologic_camp_with_Smariu_Gutman.jpg/250px-Gamla_the_Archeologic_camp_with_Smariu_Gutman.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gamla_the_Archeologic_camp_with_Smariu_Gutman.jpg/375px-Gamla_the_Archeologic_camp_with_Smariu_Gutman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gamla_the_Archeologic_camp_with_Smariu_Gutman.jpg/500px-Gamla_the_Archeologic_camp_with_Smariu_Gutman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2416" data-file-height="1510" /></a><figcaption>Den arkeologiske leiren ved Gamle i <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Liggende på den sørlige delen av Golanhøyden, med utsyn utover <a href="/wiki/Genesaretsj%C3%B8en" title="Genesaretsjøen">Genesaretsjøen</a>, ble Gamla bygd på en bratt høyde formet som pukkelen på en <a href="/wiki/Kamel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamel">kamel</a>, noe som også har gitt stedet dets navn da Gamla betyr kamel på <a href="/wiki/Arameisk" title="Arameisk">arameisk</a>. Byen synes å ha vært opprettet som festning for <a href="/wiki/Selevkideriket" title="Selevkideriket">Selevkideriket</a> under de syriske krigene på 200-tallet f.Kr.<sup id="cite_ref-AndreaBerlin_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AndreaBerlin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og som senere ble en sivil bosetning. Jødene bosatte seg her fra siste fjerdedel av 100-tallet f.Kr. og det ble en del av den jødiske <a href="/wiki/Hasmoneiske_dynasti" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmoneiske dynasti">hasmoneiske stat</a> under kong <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jannaios" title="Alexander Jannaios">Alexander Jannaios</a> en gang rundt 81 f.Kr.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Josefus" title="Josefus">Flavius Josefus</a>, kommandant av Galilea under det jødiske opprøret mot <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a>, befestet Gamla i 66 e.Kr. som hans fremste festning på Golanhøyden.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Josefus har gitt en meget detaljert <a href="/wiki/Topografi" title="Topografi">topografisk</a> beskrivelse av byen og de bratte kløftene og <a href="/wiki/Ravine" title="Ravine">ravinene</a> som utelukket noe behov for å bygge en mur rundt det. Kun langs den nordlige delen, ved byens østlige del, var det bygd en mur som var 350 meter lang. Den ble konstruert ved å blokkere åpningene mellom husene og rive ned enkelte hus som lå i vegen for muren.<sup id="cite_ref-aviam_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aviam-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rocca1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rocca1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gamla var i begynnelsen lojale til romerne, men gjorde opprør under innflytelsen fra jødiske flyktninger som kom fra andre steder.<sup id="cite_ref-evidence_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evidence-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den var en av kun fem byer i Galilea og Golan som sto imot keiser <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasians</a> legioner, noe som reflekterer samarbeid mellom den lokale befolkningen og opprørerne.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> På den tiden da opprøret brøt ut, preget byen sine egne mynter, antagelig mer som et middel for propaganda enn som en valuta. Med inskripsjonen «For forløsning av H[ellige] Jerusalem» i en blanding av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_hebraisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klassisk hebraisk (ikke skrevet ennå)">klassisk hebraisk</a> (eller bibelhebraisk) og <a href="/wiki/Arameisk" title="Arameisk">arameisk</a>, kun seks av disse myntene har blitt funnet.<sup id="cite_ref-evidence_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evidence-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Josefus har også gitt en meget detaljert beskrivelse av den romerske beleiringen og erobringen av Gamla i 67 e.Kr. ved sammenslutninger legionene <i><a href="/wiki/Legio_X_Fretensis" title="Legio X Fretensis">X Fretensis</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legio_XV_Apollinaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legio XV Apollinaris (ikke skrevet ennå)">XV Apollinaris</a></i> og <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legio_V_Macedonica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legio V Macedonica (ikke skrevet ennå)">V Macedonica</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Josefus_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Josefus-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romerne forsøkte først å ta byen ved en beleiringsbukk, men ble slått tilbake av forsvarerne. Kun i et andre forsøk greide romerne å slå inn murene ved tre forskjellige steder og invaderte byen. De forfulgte de jødiske forsvarerne i nærkamp opp den bratte høyden. Ved å kjempe i trange gatene fra en dårligere posisjon, forsøkte romerne å forsvare seg selv fra takene. Disse kom etter hvert til å rase sammen under den tunge vekten av soldatene og mange av dem ble drept.<sup id="cite_ref-aviam_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aviam-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romerne ble tvunget til å trekke seg tilbake. Romerne angrep byen på nytt noen få dager senere og til slutt brøt ned den jødiske motstanden og fullførte erobringen av Gamla.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I henhold til Josefus ble rundt 4 000 av innbyggerne drept mens rundt 5 000, som forsøkte å unnslippe nedover den bratte nordlige fallet, enten trampet til døde, falt i døden eller kanskje valgte å kaste seg selv ned en ravine.<sup id="cite_ref-Josefus_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Josefus-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disse tallene synes å være overdrevet og antallet innbyggere ved opprørets begynnelse har blitt beregnet til mellom 3 000 og 4 000.<sup id="cite_ref-weiss_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weiss-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forestillingen at disse innbyggerne begikk masseselvmord har også blitt betvilt da redegjørelsen synes å være framstilt som en analog til fortellingen om slutten på beleiringen av <a href="/wiki/Masada" title="Masada">Masada</a>, også fortalt av Josefus. Det <a href="/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk">gresk</a> ordet som Josefus benytter antyder også en hastig, klossete flukt samtidig <a href="/wiki/Selvmord" title="Selvmord">selvmord</a> under de fleste omstendigheter er forbudt ved <a href="/wiki/Halakh%C3%A1" title="Halakhá">jødisk lov</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utgravninger">Utgravninger</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Break_gamla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Break_gamla.jpg/250px-Break_gamla.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Break_gamla.jpg/375px-Break_gamla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Break_gamla.jpg/500px-Break_gamla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Menneskegjort brudd i muren som vitner om kamphandlingene.</figcaption></figure> <p>Etter at byen ble ødelagt av romerne, ble den forlatt. Den ble gjenoppdaget og feilaktig identifisert i <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a> av Konrad Furrer med stedet «Tel ed-Dra'» ved utspringet til elven Rukkad.<sup id="cite_ref-evidence_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evidence-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den ble først korrekt identifisert i <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a> av oppsynsmannen Itzhaki Gal etter at <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">israelerne</a> hadde tatt kontroll over Golanhøyden under <a href="/wiki/Seksdagerskrigen" title="Seksdagerskrigen">seksdagerskrigen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stedet ble undersøkt og utgravd ved Shemaryahu Gutmann og Danny Sion på vegne av det israelske departementet for oldsaker i tiden mellom <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a> og <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>. Utgravningene har undersøkt kun omtrent 5 prosent av stedet, men avdekket en typisk jødisk urban <a href="/wiki/Mikv%C3%A9" title="Mikvé">rituell bad</a>, herodiske lamper, kopper av <a href="/wiki/Kalkstein" title="Kalkstein">kalkstein</a>, og tusenvis av mynter fra tiden under det <a href="/wiki/Hasmoneiske_dynasti" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmoneiske dynasti">hasmoneiske dynasti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-evidence_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evidence-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Utgravningene har også avslørt omfattende bevis for slaget og kamphandlingene som skjedde ved stedet. Rundt 100 <a href="/wiki/Katapult" title="Katapult">katapultbolter</a> har blitt avdekket, foruten også 1600 pilhoder og 2000 ballistisk steiner gjort fra lokal <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a>. Dette er av en mengde som overgår alt som ellers er funnet i det tidligere <a href="/wiki/Romerriket" title="Romerriket">Romerriket</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-evidence_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evidence-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det meste var innsamlet langs og i nærheten av muren, noe som plasserer den tunge krigføringen i dette området og den romerske beleiringskraften nordøst for byen. Ved siden av stor konsentrasjon av steiner, har arkeologene identifisert en menneskegjort brudd i muren, antagelig gjort ved en <a href="/wiki/Rambukk" title="Rambukk">rambukk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-evidence_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evidence-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aviam_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aviam-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gamla_%E2%80%93_Ancient_Coin_model.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gamla_%E2%80%93_Ancient_Coin_model.JPG/190px-Gamla_%E2%80%93_Ancient_Coin_model.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gamla_%E2%80%93_Ancient_Coin_model.JPG/285px-Gamla_%E2%80%93_Ancient_Coin_model.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gamla_%E2%80%93_Ancient_Coin_model.JPG/380px-Gamla_%E2%80%93_Ancient_Coin_model.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>En mynt funnet ved Gamla</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gamla_%E2%80%93_Miqveh_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gamla_%E2%80%93_Miqveh_%282%29.JPG/250px-Gamla_%E2%80%93_Miqveh_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gamla_%E2%80%93_Miqveh_%282%29.JPG/375px-Gamla_%E2%80%93_Miqveh_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gamla_%E2%80%93_Miqveh_%282%29.JPG/500px-Gamla_%E2%80%93_Miqveh_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Levningene av et <i><a href="/wiki/Mikv%C3%A9" title="Mikvé">mikvé</a></i>, jødisk sted for rituelt bad.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rundt 200 fortidsgjenstander som har blitt avdekket er blitt identifisert som tilhørende utstyret til den romerske hæren. Disse omfatter deler av romersk <i><a href="/wiki/Lorica_segmentata" title="Lorica segmentata">lorica segmentata</a></i>, en offisers hjelmvisir og kinnbeskyttelse, bronsedekke av en annen type rustning foruten romerske identifiseringsmerker.<sup id="cite_ref-evidence_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evidence-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aviam_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aviam-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En romersk beleiringskrok, bruk både for å stikke inn og feste seg til muren, ble avdekket i det stedet hvor muren var brutt igjennom.<sup id="cite_ref-evidence_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evidence-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kun et menneskelig <a href="/wiki/Kjeve" title="Kjeve">kjevebein</a> har blitt identifisert under utgravningene, noe som fremmer spørsmål om fraværet av menneskelige levninger til tross for utstrakte bevis på krig. Et forsøksvis svar er diskutert av arkeolog Danny Syon som foreslår at de døde ble gravlagt i en massegrav i nærheten, skjønt denne er ennå ikke funnet. En slik massegrav har blitt funnet ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yodfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yodfat (ikke skrevet ennå)">Yodfat</a> i nedre <a href="/wiki/Galilea" title="Galilea">Galilea</a> som hadde lidd samme skjebne i hendene på <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasians</a> nådeløse krigsmaskin.<sup id="cite_ref-evidence_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evidence-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hva som er blitt funnet fra utgravningene ved Gamla er stilt ut på Golans arkeologiske museum, inkludert pilspisser, ballistiske steiner, keramiske oljelamper og mynter preget i byen i tiden før (og kanskje under) beleiringen. En skalamodell av festningen og en film er benyttet for å beskrive erobringen og ødeleggelsen av den jødiske byen og alle dens innbyggere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synagoge">Synagoge</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gamla-synagogue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gamla-synagogue.jpg/250px-Gamla-synagogue.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gamla-synagogue.jpg/375px-Gamla-synagogue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gamla-synagogue.jpg/500px-Gamla-synagogue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Synagogen i Gamla.</figcaption></figure> <p>Levningene av en av de tidligste <a href="/wiki/Synagoge" title="Synagoge">synagoger</a> er lokalisert på innsiden av bymurene. Den ble bygget av forseggjort stein med sideskip støttet av <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8yle" title="Søyle">søyler</a>. Det måler 22 ganger 17 meter. Dens hovedhall var omgitt av en <a href="/wiki/Dorisk_s%C3%B8yleorden" title="Dorisk søyleorden">dorisk</a> søylerad, dens hjørnesøyler var hjerteformet, og man ankom stedet ved to tvillingdører i sørvest.<sup id="cite_ref-rocca1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rocca1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Et rituelt bad er blitt avdekket ved siden av.<sup id="cite_ref-weiss_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weiss-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ved Gamlas siste tid før ødeleggelsen synes det som om synagogen ble omgjort til et oppholdssted for fortvilte flyktninger, hvilket er bevitnet av et antall primitive ildsteder og et stort antall kokekar og oppbevaringskrukker funnet langs dens nordmur. Da synagogen lå rett ved bymuren har det blitt samlet sammen 157 ballistiske steiner fra synagogens hall alene, og 120 pilspisser som er blitt funnet i dens umiddelbare nærhet.<sup id="cite_ref-evidence_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evidence-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er antatt at synagogen er datert til slutten av 100-tallet f.Kr. og er således en av de eldste synagoger i verden.<sup id="cite_ref-weiss_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weiss-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dagens_Gamla">Dagens Gamla</h2></div> <p>Dagens Gamla er et <a href="/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi">arkeologisk</a> sted innenfor en naturpark. Det er også hjem til en stor populasjon av redebyggende <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A5segribb" title="Gåsegribb">gåsegribber</a>. Naturreservatet inneholder også rundt 700 <a href="/wiki/Neolittisk_tid" title="Neolittisk tid">neolittiske</a> <a href="/wiki/Dysse" title="Dysse">storsteinsgraver</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> flere av disse kan bli sett fra vegen til Gamla. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herodium" title="Herodium">Herodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machaerus" title="Machaerus">Machaerus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masada" title="Masada">Masada</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AndreaBerlin-1"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-AndreaBerlin_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AndreaBerlin_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Berlin and Overman (2002), s. 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-evidence-2"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-evidence_2-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-evidence_2-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-evidence_2-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-evidence_2-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-evidence_2-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-evidence_2-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-evidence_2-6"><sup>g</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-evidence_2-7"><sup>h</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-evidence_2-8"><sup>i</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-evidence_2-9"><sup>j</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-evidence_2-10"><sup>k</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Syon, Danny: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiquities.org.il/article_Item_eng.asp?module_id=&sec_id=17&subj_id=296&id=508">"Gamla - The Archaeological Evidence of the Revolt at Gamla"</a>. Israel Antiquities Authority.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josefus" title="Josefus">Josefus</a>: <i>Ioudaike archaiologia</i> («Jødisk forhistorie») 13, 394.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Josefus: <i>Peri tou Ioudaikou polemou</i> («Den jødiske krig») 2, 574.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aviam-5"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-aviam_5-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aviam_5-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aviam_5-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aviam_5-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Aviam, Mordechai (2007): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=GkOIQ9JgR-cC">«The Archaeological Illumination of Josephus' Narrative of the Battles at Yodefat and Gamla»</a> i: Zuleika Rodgers: <i>Making history: Josephus and historical method</i>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9004150080" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 90-04-15008-0</a>. s. 372–384.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rocca1-6"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-rocca1_6-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rocca1_6-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Rocca (2008), s. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Rocca (2008), s. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Josefus-8"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Josefus_8-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Josefus_8-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Josefus: <i>Peri tou Ioudaikou polemou</i> («Den jødiske krig») 4, 1-83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Rocca (2008), s. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weiss-10"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-weiss_10-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weiss_10-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weiss_10-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Weiss, Zeev: «Jewish Galilee in the First Century C.E.: An Archaeological View» i: Schwartz, Daniel R. (på hebraisk): <i>Flavius Josephus, Vita: Introduction, Hebrew Translation, and Commentary</i>, Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi Press, s. 15-60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Ashkenazi, Eli (17. juni 2008): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/993351.html">«What are the mysterious stones emerging from Kinneret waters?»</a>. Haaretz.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Binder, Donald D.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pohick.org/sts/photo.html">"Ancient Synagogues - Gamla"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/40222562@N05/4089605297/">Bronze Age Trilithon Dolmens, Gamla</a> (med foto)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2></div> <ul><li>Berlin, Andrea M.; Overman, J. Andrew (2002): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=_XQ4SnbPEaAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The First Jewish Revolt: Archaeology, History and Ideology</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0415257069" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-25706-9</a>.</li> <li>Josefus, Flavius (overs.: William Whiston) (1895): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0146"><i>The Works of Flavius Josephus – Antiquities of the Jews</i></a>. Auburn and Buffalo, New York: John E. Beardsley.</li> <li>Josefus, Flavius (overs.: William Whiston) (1895): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0148"><i>The Works of Flavius Josephus – The Wars of the Jews</i></a>. Auburn and Buffalo, New York: John E. Beardsley.</li> <li>Rocca, Samuel (2008): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Gup5vH_B-aoC"><i>The Forts of Judaea 168 BC – AD 73</i></a>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9781846031717" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84603-171-7</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.parks.org.il/BuildaGate5/general2/data_card.php?Cat=~25~~386746842~Card12~&ru=&SiteName=parks&Clt=&Bur=896496452">Offisielt nettsted</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p856"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493165?uselang=nb#P856" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gamla" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gamla">Gamla</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493165?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gamla" class="extiw" title="commons:Gamla">Gamla</a> – galleri av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p935"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493165?uselang=nb#P935" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiquities.org.il/article_Item_eng.asp?module_id=&sec_id=17&subj_id=296&id=508">«Gamla»</a> på nettstedet til Israels departementet for oldsaker</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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