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id="toc-Rings_of_dust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dust_collection_on_Earth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dust_collection_on_Earth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dust collection on Earth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dust_collection_on_Earth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Experiments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Experiments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Experiments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Experiments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obscuring_effect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obscuring_effect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Obscuring effect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obscuring_effect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_Review_Collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_Review_Collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Major Review Collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_Review_Collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Interplanetary dust cloud</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سحابة غبار بين كوكبية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سحابة غبار بين كوكبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%83%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%98" title="আন্তঃগ্রহীয় ধুলিকণা মেঘ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আন্তঃগ্রহীয় ধুলিকণা মেঘ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAvol_de_pols_interplanet%C3%A0ria" title="Núvol de pols interplanetària – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Núvol de pols interplanetària" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetarer_Staub" title="Interplanetarer Staub – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Interplanetarer Staub" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nube_de_polvo_interplanetario" title="Nube de polvo interplanetario – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nube de polvo interplanetario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="غبار بین سیاره‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غبار بین سیاره‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuage_zodiacal" title="Nuage zodiacal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nuage zodiacal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91uplanetna_pra%C5%A1ina" title="Međuplanetna prašina – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Međuplanetna prašina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awan_debu_antarplanet" title="Awan debu antarplanet – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Awan debu antarplanet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetaresche_St%C3%ABbs" title="Interplanetaresche Stëbs – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Interplanetaresche Stëbs" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolyg%C3%B3k%C3%B6zi_por" title="Bolygóközi por – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bolygóközi por" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%93%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Меѓупланетарен облак од прашина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Меѓупланетарен облак од прашина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F%E9%96%93%E5%A1%B5" title="惑星間塵 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="惑星間塵" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Py%C5%82_mi%C4%99dzyplanetarny" title="Pył międzyplanetarny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pył 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Night_Sky_from_Hawai%E2%80%98i_and_Chile_%28iotw2225c%29.jpg/440px-Night_Sky_from_Hawai%E2%80%98i_and_Chile_%28iotw2225c%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Night_Sky_from_Hawai%E2%80%98i_and_Chile_%28iotw2225c%29.jpg/660px-Night_Sky_from_Hawai%E2%80%98i_and_Chile_%28iotw2225c%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Night_Sky_from_Hawai%E2%80%98i_and_Chile_%28iotw2225c%29.jpg/880px-Night_Sky_from_Hawai%E2%80%98i_and_Chile_%28iotw2225c%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="28565" data-file-height="6098" /></a><figcaption>The interplanetary dust cloud illuminated and visible as <a href="/wiki/Zodiacal_light" title="Zodiacal light">zodiacal light</a>, with its parts the <i>false dawn</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Gegenschein" title="Gegenschein">gegenschein</a></i> and the rest of its band, which is visually crossed by the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a>, in this composite image of the night sky above the northern and southern hemisphere</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>interplanetary dust cloud</b>, or <b>zodiacal cloud</b> (as the source of the <a href="/wiki/Zodiacal_light" title="Zodiacal light">zodiacal light</a>), consists of <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">cosmic dust</a> (small <a href="/wiki/Dust" title="Dust">particles</a> floating in <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">outer space</a>) that pervades the space between <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planets</a> within <a href="/wiki/Planetary_system" title="Planetary system">planetary systems</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EA-20190312_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA-20190312-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This system of particles has been studied for many years in order to understand its nature, origin, and relationship to larger bodies. There are several methods to obtain <a href="/wiki/Space_dust_measurement" title="Space dust measurement">space dust measurement</a>. </p><p>In the Solar System, interplanetary dust particles have a role in <a href="/wiki/Light_scattering_by_particles" title="Light scattering by particles">scattering</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunlight" title="Sunlight">sunlight</a> and in emitting <a href="/wiki/Thermal_radiation" title="Thermal radiation">thermal radiation</a>, which is the most prominent feature of the <a href="/wiki/Night_sky" title="Night sky">night sky</a>'s radiation, with wavelengths ranging 5–50 <a href="/wiki/Micrometre" title="Micrometre">μm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Particle_size" title="Particle size">particle sizes</a> of grains characterizing the <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> emission near <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_orbit" title="Earth's orbit">Earth's orbit</a> typically range 10–100 μm.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microscopic impact craters on lunar rocks returned by the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo Program">Apollo Program</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> revealed the size distribution of <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">cosmic dust</a> particles bombarding the lunar surface. The <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Gr%C3%BCn" title="Eberhard Grün">’’Grün’’</a> distribution of interplanetary dust at 1 AU,<sup id="cite_ref-GrunEA1985_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GrunEA1985-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> describes the flux of <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">cosmic dust</a> from nm to mm sizes at 1 AU. </p><p>The total mass of the interplanetary dust cloud is approximately <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7016350000000000000♠"></span>3.5<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>16</sup> kg</span>, or the mass of an <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> of radius 15 km (with density of about 2.5 g/cm<sup>3</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Straddling the <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">zodiac</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a>, this dust cloud is visible as the zodiacal light in a moonless and naturally dark sky and is best seen sunward during astronomical <a href="/wiki/Twilight" title="Twilight">twilight</a>. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer</a></i> spacecraft observations in the 1970s linked the <a href="/wiki/Zodiacal_light" title="Zodiacal light">zodiacal light</a> with the interplanetary dust cloud in the Solar System.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the <a href="/wiki/Venetia_Burney_Student_Dust_Counter" title="Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter">VBSDC</a> instrument on the <i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i> probe was designed to detect impacts of the dust from the zodiacal cloud in the Solar System.<sup id="cite_ref-boulder.swri.edu_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boulder.swri.edu-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interplanetary_dust_cloud&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_bright_exozodiacal_light.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_bright_exozodiacal_light.tif/lossy-page1-300px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_bright_exozodiacal_light.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_bright_exozodiacal_light.tif/lossy-page1-450px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_bright_exozodiacal_light.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_bright_exozodiacal_light.tif/lossy-page1-600px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_bright_exozodiacal_light.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4721" data-file-height="2951" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Artist%27s_impression" title="Artist's impression">Artist's concept</a> of a view from an <a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">exoplanet</a>, with light from an <a href="/wiki/Exozodiacal_dust" title="Exozodiacal dust">extrasolar interplanetary dust</a> cloud</figcaption></figure> <p>The sources of interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) include at least: asteroid collisions, <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">cometary</a> activity and collisions in the inner Solar System, <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> collisions, and <a href="/wiki/Interstellar_medium" title="Interstellar medium">interstellar medium</a> grains (Backman, D., 1997). The origins of the zodiacal cloud have long been subject to one of the most heated controversies in the field of astronomy. </p><p>It was believed that IDPs had originated from comets or asteroids whose particles had dispersed throughout the extent of the cloud. However, further observations have suggested that Mars <a href="/wiki/Dust_storms_on_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="Dust storms on Mars">dust storms</a> may be responsible for the zodiacal cloud's formation.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EA-20190312_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA-20190312-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_cycle_of_a_particle">Life cycle of a particle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interplanetary_dust_cloud&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life cycle of a particle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main physical processes "affecting" (destruction or expulsion mechanisms) interplanetary dust particles are: expulsion by <a href="/wiki/Radiation_pressure" title="Radiation pressure">radiation pressure</a>, inward <a href="/wiki/Poynting-Robertson_drag" class="mw-redirect" title="Poynting-Robertson drag">Poynting-Robertson (PR) radiation drag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solar_wind" title="Solar wind">solar wind</a> pressure (with significant electromagnetic effects), <a href="/wiki/Sublimation_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sublimation (chemistry)">sublimation</a>, mutual collisions, and the dynamical effects of planets (Backman, D., 1997). </p><p>The lifetimes of these dust particles are very short compared to the lifetime of the Solar System. If one finds grains around a star that is older than about 10,000,000 years, then the grains must have been from recently released fragments of larger objects, i.e. they cannot be leftover grains from the <a href="/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk" title="Protoplanetary disk">protoplanetary disk</a> (Backman, private communication).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="We can't use private communications. Technically I ought to remove this claim. But I don't want to, because it's very interesting and seems likely to be supported — just someone needs to find an RS. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Therefore, the grains would be "later-generation" dust. The zodiacal dust in the Solar System is 99.9% later-generation dust and 0.1% intruding <a href="/wiki/Interstellar_medium" title="Interstellar medium">interstellar medium</a> dust. All primordial grains from the Solar System's formation were removed long ago. </p><p>Particles which are affected primarily by radiation pressure are known as "beta meteoroids". They are generally less than 1.4 × 10<sup>−12</sup> g and are pushed outward from the Sun into interstellar space.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cloud_structures">Cloud structures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interplanetary_dust_cloud&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cloud structures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HL_Tau_protoplanetary_disk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/HL_Tau_protoplanetary_disk.jpg/220px-HL_Tau_protoplanetary_disk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/HL_Tau_protoplanetary_disk.jpg/330px-HL_Tau_protoplanetary_disk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/HL_Tau_protoplanetary_disk.jpg/440px-HL_Tau_protoplanetary_disk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>An image of a <a href="/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk" title="Protoplanetary disk">protoplanetary disk</a>, comparable to images of simulations of the Solar System's interplanetary dust cloud, which has been suggested to be imaged from beyond it in the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Solar_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Outer Solar System">Outer Solar System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-n092_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n092-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The interplanetary dust cloud has a complex structure (Reach, W., 1997). Apart from a background density, this includes: </p> <ul><li>At least 8 <a href="/wiki/Dust_trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Dust trail">dust trails</a>—their source is thought to be <a href="/wiki/Short-period_comet" class="mw-redirect" title="Short-period comet">short-period comets</a>.</li> <li>A number of dust bands, the sources of which are thought to be <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_families" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteroid families">asteroid families</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Main_asteroid_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Main asteroid belt">main asteroid belt</a>. The three strongest bands arise from the <a href="/wiki/Themis_family" title="Themis family">Themis family</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Koronis_family" title="Koronis family">Koronis family</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Eos_family" title="Eos family">Eos family</a>. Other source families include the <a href="/wiki/Maria_family" title="Maria family">Maria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eunomia_family" title="Eunomia family">Eunomia</a>, and possibly the <a href="/wiki/Vesta_family" title="Vesta family">Vesta</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Hygiea_family" title="Hygiea family">Hygiea</a> families (Reach et al. 1996).</li> <li>At least 2 resonant dust rings are known (for example, the Earth-resonant dust ring, although every planet in the Solar System is thought to have a resonant ring with a "wake") (Jackson and Zook, 1988, 1992) (Dermott, S.F. et al., 1994, 1997)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rings_of_dust">Rings of dust</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interplanetary_dust_cloud&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rings of dust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_dust_ring.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Venus_dust_ring.png/220px-Venus_dust_ring.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Venus_dust_ring.png/330px-Venus_dust_ring.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Venus_dust_ring.png/440px-Venus_dust_ring.png 2x" data-file-width="2548" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>First ever panorama image of the dust ring of Venus's orbital space, imaged by <a href="/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">Parker Solar Probe</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Interplanetary dust has been found to form rings of dust in the orbital space of Mercury and Venus.<sup id="cite_ref-Garner_2019_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garner_2019-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Venus's orbital dust ring is suspected to originate either from yet undetected Venus trailing asteroids,<sup id="cite_ref-Garner_2019_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garner_2019-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> interplanetary dust migrating in waves from orbital space to orbital space, or from the remains of the Solar System's <a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_disc" title="Circumstellar disc">circumstellar disc</a>, out of which its <a href="/wiki/Proto-planetary_disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-planetary disc">proto-planetary disc</a> and then itself, the Solar <a href="/wiki/Planetary_system" title="Planetary system">planetary system</a>, formed.<sup id="cite_ref-Rehm_2021_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rehm_2021-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dust_collection_on_Earth">Dust collection on Earth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interplanetary_dust_cloud&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dust collection on Earth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1951, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Whipple" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Whipple">Fred Whipple</a> predicted that micrometeorites smaller than 100 micrometers in diameter might be decelerated on impact with the Earth's upper atmosphere without melting.<sup id="cite_ref-Whipple-1950_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whipple-1950-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern era of laboratory study of these particles began with the stratospheric collection flights of <a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Brownlee" title="Donald E. Brownlee">Donald E. Brownlee</a> and collaborators in the 1970s using balloons and then <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_U-2" title="Lockheed U-2">U-2</a> aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-Brownlee-1977_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brownlee-1977-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although some of the particles found were similar to the material in present-day meteorite collections, the <a href="/wiki/Nanoporous" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanoporous">nanoporous</a> nature and unequilibrated cosmic-average composition of other particles suggested that they began as fine-grained aggregates of nonvolatile building blocks and cometary ice.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Walker-1986_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker-1986-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The interplanetary nature of these particles was later verified by <a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">noble gas</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hudson-1981_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hudson-1981-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Solar_flare" title="Solar flare">solar flare</a> track<sup id="cite_ref-Bradley-1984_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradley-1984-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> observations. </p><p>In that context a program for atmospheric collection and curation of these particles was developed at <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a> in Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-Cosmic-Dust-Sample-Collection_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cosmic-Dust-Sample-Collection-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This stratospheric micrometeorite collection, along with <a href="/wiki/Presolar_grains" title="Presolar grains">presolar grains</a> from meteorites, are unique sources of <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraterrestrial material">extraterrestrial material</a> (not to mention being small astronomical objects in their own right) available for study in laboratories today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Experiments">Experiments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interplanetary_dust_cloud&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Experiments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spacecraft that have carried dust detectors include <i><a href="/wiki/Helios_Dust_Instrumentation" title="Helios Dust Instrumentation">Helios</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)">Ulysses</a></i> (heliocentric orbit out to the distance of Jupiter), <i><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Galileo (spacecraft)">Galileo</a></i> (Jupiter Orbiter), <i><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a></i> (Saturn orbiter), and <i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i> (see <a href="/wiki/Venetia_Burney_Student_Dust_Counter" title="Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter">Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obscuring_effect">Obscuring effect</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interplanetary_dust_cloud&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Obscuring effect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Solar interplanetary dust cloud obscures the <a href="/wiki/Extragalactic_background_light" title="Extragalactic background light">extragalactic background light</a>, making observations of it from the <a href="/wiki/Inner_Solar_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner Solar System">Inner Solar System</a> very limited.<sup id="cite_ref-n092_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n092-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_Review_Collections">Major Review Collections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interplanetary_dust_cloud&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Major Review Collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Collections of review articles on various aspects of interplanetary dust and related fields appeared in the following books: </p><p>In 1978 <a href="/wiki/Tony_McDonnell_(space_scientist)" title="Tony McDonnell (space scientist)">Tony McDonnell</a> edited the book <b>Cosmic Dust</b><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which contained chapters<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on comets along with zodiacal light as indicator of interplanetary dust, meteors, interstellar dust, microparticle studies by sampling techniques, and microparticle studies by space instrumentation. Attention is also given to lunar and planetary impact erosion, aspects of particle dynamics, and acceleration techniques and high-velocity impact processes employed for the laboratory simulation of effects produced by micrometeoroids. </p><p>2001 <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Gr%C3%BCn" title="Eberhard Grün">Eberhard Grün</a>, Bo Gustafson, Stan Dermott, and Hugo Fechtig published the book <b>Interplanetary Dust</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Topics covered<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are: historical perspectives; cometary dust; near-Earth environment; meteoroids and meteors; properties of interplanetary dust, information from collected samples; in situ measurements of cosmic dust; numerical modeling of the Zodiacal Cloud structure; synthesis of observations; instrumentation; physical processes; optical properties of interplanetary dust; orbital evolution of interplanetary dust; circumplanetary dust, observations and simple physics; interstellar dust and circumstellar dust disks. </p><p>2019 Rafael Rodrigo, Jürgen Blum, Hsiang-Wen Hsu, Detlef V. Koschny, <a href="/wiki/Anny-Chantal_Levasseur-Regourd" title="Anny-Chantal Levasseur-Regourd">Anny-Chantal Levasseur-Regourd</a>, Jesús Martín-Pintado, Veerle J. Sterken, and Andrew Westphal collected reviews in the book <b>Cosmic Dust from the Laboratory to the Stars</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Included are discussions<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of dust in various environments: from planetary atmospheres and airless bodies over interplanetary dust, meteoroids, comet dust and emissions from active moons to interstellar dust and protoplanetary disks. Diverse research techniques and results, including in-situ measurement, remote observation, laboratory experiments and modelling, and analysis of returned samples are discussed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interplanetary_dust_cloud&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumstellar disk">Circumstellar disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">Cosmic dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_medium" title="Interplanetary medium">Interplanetary medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Martian soil">Martian soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dust_storms_on_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="Dust storms on Mars">Dust storms on Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micrometeoroid" title="Micrometeoroid">Micrometeoroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exozodiacal_dust" title="Exozodiacal dust">Exozodiacal dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zodiacal_light" title="Zodiacal light">Zodiacal light</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interplanetary_dust_cloud&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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"Discovery of nuclear tracks in interplanetary dust". <i>Science</i>. <b>226</b> (4681): 1432–1434.ResearchsupportedbyMcCroneAssociates. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984Sci...226.1432B">1984Sci...226.1432B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.226.4681.1432">10.1126/science.226.4681.1432</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17788999">17788999</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27703897">27703897</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Discovery+of+nuclear+tracks+in+interplanetary+dust&rft.volume=226&rft.issue=4681&rft.pages=1432-1434.ResearchsupportedbyMcCroneAssociates&rft.date=1984-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27703897%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1984Sci...226.1432B&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.226.4681.1432&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17788999&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rft.au=Brownlee%2C+D.+E.&rft.au=Fraundorf%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterplanetary+dust+cloud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cosmic-Dust-Sample-Collection-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cosmic-Dust-Sample-Collection_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/dust/">"Cosmic Dust"</a>. <i>NASA – Johnson Space Center program, Cosmic Dust Lab</i>. 6 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+%E2%80%93+Johnson+Space+Center+program%2C+Cosmic+Dust+Lab&rft.atitle=Cosmic+Dust&rft.date=2016-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcurator.jsc.nasa.gov%2Fdust%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterplanetary+dust+cloud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonnel1978" class="citation book cs1">McDonnel, J.A.M. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978codu.book..607F/abstract"><i>Cosmic Dust</i></a>. Chichester, New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 607–670. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978codu.book..607F">1978codu.book..607F</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-99512-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-99512-6"><bdi>0-471-99512-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cosmic+Dust&rft.place=Chichester%2C+New+York&rft.pages=607-670&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1978codu.book..607F&rft.isbn=0-471-99512-6&rft.aulast=McDonnel&rft.aufirst=J.A.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fui.adsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F1978codu.book..607F%2Fabstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterplanetary+dust+cloud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonnell1978" class="citation book cs1">McDonnell, J. A. M. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978codu.book.....M/abstract"><i>Cosmic Dust</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978codu.book.....M">1978codu.book.....M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cosmic+Dust&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1978codu.book.....M&rft.aulast=McDonnell&rft.aufirst=J.+A.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fui.adsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F1978codu.book.....M%2Fabstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterplanetary+dust+cloud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrünGustafsonDermottFechtig2001" class="citation book cs1">Grün, E.; Gustafson, B.A.S.; Dermott, S.; Fechtig, H. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001indu.book.....G/abstract"><i>Interplanetary Dust</i></a>. Berlin: Springer. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001indu.book.....G">2001indu.book.....G</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-42067-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-42067-5"><bdi>978-3-540-42067-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interplanetary+Dust&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001indu.book.....G&rft.isbn=978-3-540-42067-5&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%BCn&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Gustafson%2C+B.A.S.&rft.au=Dermott%2C+S.&rft.au=Fechtig%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fui.adsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F2001indu.book.....G%2Fabstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterplanetary+dust+cloud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-56428-4"><i>Interplanetary Dust</i></a>. Astronomy and Astrophysics Library. 2001. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-642-56428-4">10.1007/978-3-642-56428-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-62647-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-62647-0"><bdi>978-3-642-62647-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interplanetary+Dust&rft.series=Astronomy+and+Astrophysics+Library&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-642-56428-4&rft.isbn=978-3-642-62647-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbook%2F10.1007%2F978-3-642-56428-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterplanetary+dust+cloud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodrigoBlumHsuKoschny2019" class="citation book cs1">Rodrigo, Rafael; Blum, Jürgen; Hsu, Hsiang-Wen; Koschny, Detlef V.; <a href="/wiki/Anny-Chantal_Levasseur-Regourd" title="Anny-Chantal Levasseur-Regourd">Levasseur-Regourd, Anny-Chantal</a>; Martín-Pintado, Jesús; Sterken, Veerle J.; Westphal, Andrew, eds. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/book/9789402420098"><i>Cosmic Dust from the Laboratory to the Stars</i></a>. Berlin: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-024-2009-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-024-2009-8"><bdi>978-94-024-2009-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cosmic+Dust+from+the+Laboratory+to+the+Stars&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-94-024-2009-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbook%2F9789402420098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterplanetary+dust+cloud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/journal/11214/topicalCollection/AC_388b45501ebfaaf19d4501747d1f2fc7">"Cosmic Dust from the Laboratory to the Stars"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cosmic+Dust+from+the+Laboratory+to+the+Stars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fjournal%2F11214%2FtopicalCollection%2FAC_388b45501ebfaaf19d4501747d1f2fc7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterplanetary+dust+cloud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interplanetary_dust_cloud&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson_A.A.Zook,_H.A.1988" class="citation journal cs1">Jackson A.A.; Zook, H.A. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1233077">"A Solar System Dust Ring with the Earth as its Shepherd"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>337</b> (6208): 629–631. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989Natur.337..629J">1989Natur.337..629J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F337629a0">10.1038/337629a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4351090">4351090</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=A+Solar+System+Dust+Ring+with+the+Earth+as+its+Shepherd&rft.volume=337&rft.issue=6208&rft.pages=629-631&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4351090%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F337629a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989Natur.337..629J&rft.au=Jackson+A.A.&rft.au=Zook%2C+H.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1233077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterplanetary+dust+cloud" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson_A.A.Zook,_H.A.1992" class="citation journal cs1">Jackson A.A.; Zook, H.A. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1253906">"Orbital evolution of dust particles from comets and asteroids"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Icarus_(journal)" title="Icarus (journal)">Icarus</a></i>. <b>97</b> (1): 70–84. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992Icar...97...70J">1992Icar...97...70J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0019-1035%2892%2990057-E">10.1016/0019-1035(92)90057-E</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.atitle=Orbital+evolution+of+dust+particles+from+comets+and+asteroids&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=70-84&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0019-1035%2892%2990057-E&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1992Icar...97...70J&rft.au=Jackson+A.A.&rft.au=Zook%2C+H.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1253906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterplanetary+dust+cloud" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMay2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_May" title="Brian May">May, Brian Harold</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/handle/10044/1/1333"><i>A Survey of Radial Velocities in the Zodiacal Dust Cloud</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PhD thesis)</span>. New York: Springer. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10044%2F1%2F1333">10044/1/1333</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-77705-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-77705-4"><bdi>978-0-387-77705-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Survey+of+Radial+Velocities+in+the+Zodiacal+Dust+Cloud&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10044%2F1%2F1333&rft.isbn=978-0-387-77705-4&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Brian+Harold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspiral.imperial.ac.uk%2Fhandle%2F10044%2F1%2F1333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterplanetary+dust+cloud" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBackman,_Dana1997" class="citation conference cs1">Backman, Dana (1997). "Exozody Workshop, NASA-Ames, October 23–25, 1997". <i>Extrasolar Zodiacal Emission - NASA Study Panel Report</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Exozody+Workshop%2C+NASA-Ames%2C+October+23%E2%80%9325%2C+1997&rft.btitle=Extrasolar+Zodiacal+Emission+-+NASA+Study+Panel+Report&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Backman%2C+Dana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterplanetary+dust+cloud" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050510232920/http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/workshops/zodiac/backman/backman.txt">NASA Panel Report on Extrasolar Zodiacal Emission</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDermott,_S.F.Jayaraman,_S.Xu,_Y.L.Gustafson,_A.A.S.1994" class="citation journal cs1">Dermott, S.F.; Jayaraman, S.; Xu, Y.L.; Gustafson, A.A.S.; Liou, J.C. (30 June 1994). 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