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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-British_origins_in_the_19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_origins_in_the_19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>British origins in the 19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_origins_in_the_19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Introduction_to_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introduction_to_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Introduction to the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introduction_to_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>20th century changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Composition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Composition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jacket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jacket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Jacket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jacket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Black_bow_tie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_bow_tie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Black bow tie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_bow_tie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trousers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trousers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Trousers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trousers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waist_coverings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waist_coverings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Waist coverings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waist_coverings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Waistcoat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waistcoat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Waistcoat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waistcoat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cummerbund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cummerbund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Cummerbund</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cummerbund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shirt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shirt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Shirt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shirt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footwear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footwear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Footwear</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footwear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accessories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accessories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Accessories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accessories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_occasions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_occasions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Social occasions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Social_occasions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Social occasions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Social_occasions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Academia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera_and_ballet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera_and_ballet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Opera and ballet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera_and_ballet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cruise_ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cruise_ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Cruise ships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cruise_ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weddings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weddings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Weddings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weddings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Magazines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magazines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Magazines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magazines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Web_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Web_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Web sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Web_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Black tie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuxedo" title="Tuxedo – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tuxedo" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%82_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="ربطة عنق سوداء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ربطة عنق سوداء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasi_hirang" title="Dasi hirang – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Dasi hirang" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Смокинг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Смокинг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esm%C3%B2quing" title="Esmòquing – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Esmòquing" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking" title="Smoking – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Smoking" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking" title="Smoking – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Smoking" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking" title="Smoking – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Smoking" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Σμόκιν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σμόκιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmoquin" title="Esmoquin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esmoquin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smokingo" title="Smokingo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Smokingo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmokin" title="Esmokin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Esmokin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_(%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87)" title="اسموکینگ (لباس مردانه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسموکینگ (لباس مردانه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_(v%C3%AAtement)" title="Smoking (vêtement) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Smoking (vêtement)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%84%B1%EC%8B%9C%EB%8F%84" title="턱시도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="턱시도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="ब्लैक टाई – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्लैक टाई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking" title="Smoking – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Smoking" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasi_hitam" title="Dasi hitam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dasi hitam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking" title="Smoking – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Smoking" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95" title="טוקסידו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טוקסידו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smokings" title="Smokings – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Smokings" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smokingas" title="Smokingas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Smokingas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szmoking%C3%B6lt%C3%B6ny" title="Szmokingöltöny – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szmokingöltöny" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Смокинг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Смокинг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuksedo" title="Tuksedo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tuksedo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking" title="Smoking – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Smoking" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="タキシード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タキシード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking" title="Smoking – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Smoking" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking" title="Smoking – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Smoking" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking" title="Smoking – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Smoking" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking" title="Smoking – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Smoking" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Смокинг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Смокинг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuxedo" title="Tuxedo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tuxedo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smokki" title="Smokki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Smokki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking" title="Smoking – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Smoking" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%88" title="బ్లాక్ టై – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బ్లాక్ టై" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smokin" title="Smokin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Smokin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Смокінг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Смокінг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuxedo" title="Tuxedo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tuxedo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B8%A2%E6%AD%BB%E5%85%94" title="踢死兔 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="踢死兔" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the dress code. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Black_tie_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Black tie (disambiguation)">Black tie (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuxedo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tuxedo (disambiguation)">Tuxedo (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tux_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tux (disambiguation)">Tux (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man_wearing_black_tie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Man_wearing_black_tie.jpg/220px-Man_wearing_black_tie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Man_wearing_black_tie.jpg/330px-Man_wearing_black_tie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Man_wearing_black_tie.jpg/440px-Man_wearing_black_tie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A man wearing a dinner <a href="/wiki/Suit_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (clothing)">suit</a> with <a href="/wiki/Lapel" title="Lapel">shawl lapels</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cummerbund" title="Cummerbund">cummerbund</a>, a black <a href="/wiki/Bowtie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowtie">bowtie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxford_shoe" title="Oxford shoe">oxfords</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Formal_wear" title="Category:Formal wear">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western dress codes</a><br />and corresponding <a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">attires</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress" title="Western dress codes">full dress</a>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">White tie</a> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moon_at_night.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Moon_at_night.svg/13px-Moon_at_night.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Moon_at_night.svg/20px-Moon_at_night.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Moon_at_night.svg/26px-Moon_at_night.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">Morning dress</a> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emoji_u2600.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Emoji_u2600.svg/13px-Emoji_u2600.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Emoji_u2600.svg/20px-Emoji_u2600.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Emoji_u2600.svg/26px-Emoji_u2600.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_dress_uniform" title="Full dress uniform">Full dress uniform</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frock_coat" title="Frock coat">Frock coat</a></i> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_symbol_(black).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg/14px-Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg/21px-Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg/28px-Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening gown</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_symbol_(black).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/14px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/21px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/28px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">Ball gown</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_symbol_(black).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/14px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/21px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/28px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress" title="Western dress codes">half dress</a>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:black; color:white;border:1px solid white;"> </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black tie</a> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moon_at_night.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Moon_at_night.svg/13px-Moon_at_night.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Moon_at_night.svg/20px-Moon_at_night.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Moon_at_night.svg/26px-Moon_at_night.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">Black lounge suit</a> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emoji_u2600.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Emoji_u2600.svg/13px-Emoji_u2600.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Emoji_u2600.svg/20px-Emoji_u2600.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Emoji_u2600.svg/26px-Emoji_u2600.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_symbol_(black).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg/14px-Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg/21px-Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg/28px-Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform" title="Mess dress uniform">Mess dress uniform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening gown</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_symbol_(black).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/14px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/21px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/28px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail dress</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_symbol_(black).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/14px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/21px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/28px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress" title="Western dress codes">undress</a>, "dress clothes")</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suit</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_symbol_(black).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg/14px-Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg/21px-Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg/28px-Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_dress_uniform" title="Service dress uniform">Service dress uniform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail dress</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_symbol_(black).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/14px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/21px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/28px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsuit" title="Pantsuit">Pantsuit</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_symbol_(black).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/14px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/21px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/28px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a> (anything not above)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_casual" title="Business casual">Business casual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casual_Friday" title="Casual Friday">Casual Friday</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_uniform" title="Combat uniform">Combat uniform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_casual" title="Smart casual">Smart casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workwear" title="Workwear">Workwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streetwear" title="Streetwear">Streetwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportswear" title="Sportswear">Sportswear</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)" title="Sportswear (fashion)">Sportswear (fashion)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athleisure" title="Athleisure">Athleisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undress_code" title="Undress code">Undress</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)">Supplementary alternatives</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dress" title="Ceremonial dress">Ceremonial dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_dress" title="Court dress">law courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Court uniform and dress in the United Kingdom">royal courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform" title="Diplomatic uniform">diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dress" title="Academic dress">academic</a>, etc.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_clothing" title="Religious clothing">Religious clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">cassock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_habit" title="Religious habit">habit</a>, etc.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk costume</a></li> <li>Distinctions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medals</a>, etc.</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <small>Legend:<div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:initial; width:-moz-fit-content;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:fit-content;"> <p><span class="nobold"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emoji_u2600.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Emoji_u2600.svg/13px-Emoji_u2600.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Emoji_u2600.svg/20px-Emoji_u2600.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Emoji_u2600.svg/26px-Emoji_u2600.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> = Day (before 6 p.m.)<br /><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moon_at_night.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Moon_at_night.svg/13px-Moon_at_night.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Moon_at_night.svg/20px-Moon_at_night.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Moon_at_night.svg/26px-Moon_at_night.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> = Evening (after 6 p.m.)<br /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;"> </span> <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:black; color:white;border:1px solid white;"> </span> = <a href="/wiki/Bow_tie" title="Bow tie">Bow tie</a> colour<br /><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_symbol_(black).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/14px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/21px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg/28px-Female_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> = Ladies<br /><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_symbol_(black).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg/14px-Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg/21px-Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg/28px-Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> = Gentlemen</span> </p> </div></small> <hr /> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/16px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/24px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/32px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="490" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Fashion" title="Portal:Fashion">Fashion portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_dress_codes" title="Template:Western dress codes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_dress_codes" title="Template talk:Western dress codes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_dress_codes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western dress codes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Black tie</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">semi-formal</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_dress_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Western dress code">Western dress code</a> for evening events, originating in British and North American conventions for <a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">attire</a> in the 19th century. In <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>, the dress code is often referred to <a href="/wiki/Synecdochically" class="mw-redirect" title="Synecdochically">synecdochically</a> by its principal element for men, the <b>dinner suit</b> or <b>dinner jacket</b>. In <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, the equivalent term <b>tuxedo</b> (or <b>tux</b>) is common. The dinner suit is a black, <a href="/wiki/Midnight_blue" title="Midnight blue">midnight blue</a> or white two- or three-piece <a href="/wiki/Suit_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (clothing)">suit</a>, distinguished by <a href="/wiki/Satin" title="Satin">satin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Grosgrain" title="Grosgrain">grosgrain</a> jacket <a href="/wiki/Lapel" title="Lapel">lapels</a> and similar stripes along the <a href="/wiki/Seam_(sewing)" title="Seam (sewing)">outseam</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">trousers</a>. It is worn with a white <a href="/wiki/Dress_shirt" title="Dress shirt">dress shirt</a> with standing or turndown <a href="/wiki/Collar_(clothing)" title="Collar (clothing)">collar</a> and link <a href="/wiki/Cuff" title="Cuff">cuffs</a>, a black <a href="/wiki/Bow_tie" title="Bow tie">bow tie</a>, typically an evening <a href="/wiki/Waistcoat" title="Waistcoat">waistcoat</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Cummerbund" title="Cummerbund">cummerbund</a>, and black <a href="/wiki/Patent_leather" title="Patent leather">patent leather</a> <a href="/wiki/Dress_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dress shoes">dress shoes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Court_pumps" class="mw-redirect" title="Court pumps">court pumps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accessories may include a semi-formal <a href="/wiki/Homburg_(hat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homburg (hat)">homburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">bowler</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Boater_hat" class="mw-redirect" title="Boater hat">boater hat</a>. For women, an <a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">evening gown</a> or other fashionable evening attire may be worn. </p><p>The first dinner jacket is traditionally traced to 1865 on the then Prince of Wales, later King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> (1841–1910). The late 19th century saw gradual introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Lounge_jacket" class="mw-redirect" title="Lounge jacket">lounge jacket</a> without <a href="/wiki/Tailcoat" title="Tailcoat">tails</a> as a less formal and more comfortable leisure alternative to the <a href="/wiki/Frock_coat" title="Frock coat">frock coat</a>. Similarly, the shorter dinner jacket evolved as a less formal alternative to the <a href="/wiki/Dress_coat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dress coat">dress coat</a> out of the informal <a href="/wiki/Smoking_jacket" title="Smoking jacket">smoking jacket</a>, itself derived from the <a href="/wiki/Banyan_(clothing)" title="Banyan (clothing)">banyan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Thus in many non-English languages, a dinner jacket is still known as the <a href="/wiki/False_friend" title="False friend">false friend</a> "smoking". In <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, its synonym "tuxedo" was derived from the village of <a href="/wiki/Tuxedo_Park,_New_York" title="Tuxedo Park, New York">Tuxedo Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State">New York State</a>, where it was introduced in 1886 following the example of Europeans. Following the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture of the 1960s</a>, black tie has increasingly replaced <a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">white tie</a> for more formal settings in the United States, along with cultures influenced by <a href="/wiki/American_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="American culture">American culture</a>. </p><p>Traditionally worn only for events after 6 p.m., black tie is less formal than white tie, but more formal than <a href="/wiki/Informal_attire" class="mw-redirect" title="Informal attire">informal or business dress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DebrettWeb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DebrettWeb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As semi-formal, black tie is worn for dinner parties (public, <a href="/wiki/Fraternity" title="Fraternity">fraternities</a>, private) and sometimes even to <a href="/wiki/Ball_(dance_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ball (dance party)">balls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">weddings</a>, although etiquette experts discourage wearing of black tie for weddings. Traditional semi-formal day wear equivalent is <a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">black lounge suit</a>. Supplementary semi-formal alternatives may be accepted for black tie: <a href="/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform" title="Mess dress uniform">mess dress uniform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_clothing" title="Religious clothing">religious clothing</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">cassock</a>), <a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">folk costumes</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Highland_dress" title="Highland dress">highland dress</a>), etc. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Dinner jacket</i> in the context of menswear first appeared in the United Kingdom around 1887<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the United States around 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960s it became associated in the United States with white or coloured jackets specifically.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern British English, <i>dinner jacket</i> may be abbreviated to simply <i>DJ</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Tuxedo</i> in the context of menswear originated in the United States around 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was named after <a href="/wiki/Tuxedo_Park,_New_York" title="Tuxedo Park, New York">Tuxedo Park</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a> enclave for <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>'s social elite where it was often seen in its early years. The term was capitalized until the 1930s and traditionally referred only to a white jacket.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the jacket was later paired with its own unique <a href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">trousers</a> and accessories in the 1900s the term began to be associated with the entire suit. Sometimes it is shortened to <i>"tux"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a number of European and other languages the style is referred to by the <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-anglicism" title="Pseudo-anglicism">pseudo-anglicism</a> <i>smoking</i>. This <a href="/wiki/Genericized_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Genericized trademark">generic colloquialism</a> comes from its similarity to the 19th century <a href="/wiki/Smoking_jacket" title="Smoking jacket">smoking jacket</a>. In French the dress code may also be called "cravate noire",<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a term that is sometimes adopted directly into English.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The suit with accompanying accessories is sometimes nicknamed a <i>monkey suit</i> and, since 1918, <i>soup and fish</i> – a term derived from the sort of food thought to be served at black tie dinners.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_origins_in_the_19th_century">British origins in the 19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: British origins in the 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinner_Jackets,_1898..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Dinner_Jackets%2C_1898..jpg/220px-Dinner_Jackets%2C_1898..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Dinner_Jackets%2C_1898..jpg/330px-Dinner_Jackets%2C_1898..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Dinner_Jackets%2C_1898..jpg/440px-Dinner_Jackets%2C_1898..jpg 2x" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="984" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of British peaked lapel and <a href="/wiki/Shawl_collar" class="mw-redirect" title="Shawl collar">shawl collar</a> dinner jackets, 1898. As substitutes for <a href="/wiki/Tailcoat" title="Tailcoat">tailcoats</a>, dinner jackets were originally worn with <a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">full dress</a> accessories, including white <a href="/wiki/Waist_coat" class="mw-redirect" title="Waist coat">waist coat</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1860s, the increasing popularity of outdoor activities among the middle and upper classes of the UK led to a corresponding increase in the popularity of the then <a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">casual</a> <a href="/wiki/Lounge_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Lounge suit">lounge suit</a> as a country alternative to the more <a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">formal</a> day wear <a href="/wiki/Frock_coat" title="Frock coat">frock coat</a> that was traditionally worn in town. Men also sought a similar alternative to the formal evening <a href="/wiki/Tailcoat" title="Tailcoat">tailcoat</a>, then known as a "dress coat", worn every evening.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest record of a tailless coat being worn with evening wear is an 1865 <a href="/wiki/Midnight_blue" title="Midnight blue">midnight blue</a> <a href="/wiki/Smoking_jacket" title="Smoking jacket">smoking jacket</a> in <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> with matching trousers ordered by the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales" title="Prince of Wales">Prince of Wales</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> of the United Kingdom, from <a href="/wiki/Savile_Row" title="Savile Row">Savile Row</a> tailors <a href="/wiki/Henry_Poole_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Poole & Co.">Henry Poole & Co.</a><sup id="cite_ref-Henry_Poole_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henry_Poole-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The smoking jacket was tailored for use at <a href="/wiki/Sandringham_House" title="Sandringham House">Sandringham</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="British Royal Family">British Royal Family</a>'s informal <a href="/wiki/Country_estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Country estate">country estate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry Poole never saw his design become known as a dinner jacket or cross the Atlantic and be called a tuxedo over there; he died in 1876 leaving behind a well-respected business to be run by his cousin Samuel Cundey. </p><p>Other accounts of the Prince's experimentation appear around 1885, referring variously to "a garment of many colours, such as was worn by our ancestors" and "short garments coming down to the waist and made on the model of the military men's jackets". The suit jacket with tailcoat finishes, as is most commonly known, was first described around the same time and often associated with <a href="/wiki/Cowes" title="Cowes">Cowes</a>, a seaside resort in southern <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and centre of British <a href="/wiki/Yachting" title="Yachting">yachting</a> that was closely associated with the Prince. It was originally intended for warm weather use but soon spread to informal or stag winter occasions. As it was simply an evening tailcoat substitute, it was worn with all the same accoutrements as the tailcoat, including the trousers.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, in these early days, black tie, in contrast to formal <a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">white tie</a>, was considered <a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">informal wear</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Safire_436_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Safire_436-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="1510" /></a><figcaption>Russian <a href="/wiki/Serge_Wolkonsky" title="Serge Wolkonsky">Serge Wolkonsky</a> in black tie</figcaption></figure> <p>In the following decades of the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a>, the style became known as a dinner jacket: a fashionable, formal alternative for the <a href="/wiki/Tailcoat" title="Tailcoat">tailcoat</a> which men of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_class" title="Upper class">upper classes</a> wore every evening. Thus it was worn with the standard accompaniments for the evening tailcoat at the time: matching trousers, white or black waistcoat, white <a href="/wiki/Bow_tie" title="Bow tie">bow tie</a>, white detachable wing-collar formal shirt, and black formal shoes. <a href="/wiki/Lapel" title="Lapel">Lapels</a> were often faced or edged in silk or <a href="/wiki/Satin" title="Satin">satin</a> in varying widths. In comparison with a full dress such as a cutaway tailcoat, etiquette guides declared dinner jacket inappropriate for wear in mixed company, meaning together with ladies.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian era</a>, the practice of wearing a black waistcoat and black bow tie with a dinner jacket became the convention, establishing the basis of the current black tie and white tie dress codes. The dinner jacket was also increasingly accepted at less formal evening occasions such as warm-weather gatherings or intimate dinners with friends.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coctail_party_-_1936.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coctail_party_-_1936.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Coctail_party_-_1936.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coctail_party_-_1936.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Coctail_party_-_1936.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coctail_party_-_1936.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Coctail_party_-_1936.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5509" data-file-height="4040" /></a><figcaption>Cocktail party in 1936</figcaption></figure> <p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the dinner jacket became established as a <a href="/wiki/Semi-formal" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-formal">semi-formal</a> evening wear, while the evening tailcoat was limited to the most formal or ceremonial occasions. During this interwar period, <a href="/wiki/Double-breasted" title="Double-breasted">double-breasted</a> jackets, turndown-collar shirts and <a href="/wiki/Cummerbund" title="Cummerbund">cummerbunds</a> became popular for black tie evenings as white jackets were experimented with in warm weather.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, black tie is often referred to as being semi-formal.<sup id="cite_ref-Wright_USAF_Ret._202_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright_USAF_Ret._202-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the decades following the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, black tie became special occasion attire rather than standard evening wear. In the 1950s, some experimented with coloured and patterned jackets, cummerbunds and bow ties. The 1960s and 1970s saw the colour palette move from muted to bright day-glow and pastel, as well as ruffled-placket shirts as lapels got wider and piping was revived.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1980s and 1990s saw a return to traditional styles, with black jackets and trousers again becoming nearly universal. Some insist the 21st century has seen increased variation and a relaxation of previous strict standards; midnight blue once again became popular and lapel facings were sometimes reduced to wide edging.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Introduction_to_the_United_States">Introduction to the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Introduction to the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuxedo_or_Dinner_Jacket,_1888.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tuxedo_or_Dinner_Jacket%2C_1888.JPG/170px-Tuxedo_or_Dinner_Jacket%2C_1888.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="450" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Tuxedo_or_Dinner_Jacket%2C_1888.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="234" data-file-height="619" /></a><figcaption>1888 American tuxedo/dinner jacket, sometimes called a <i>dress sack</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest references to a dress coat substitute in America are from the summer and fall of 1886 and, like the British references from this time, vary between waist-length mess-jacket style and the conventional suit jacket style.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most famous reference originates from <a href="/wiki/Tuxedo_Park,_New_York" title="Tuxedo Park, New York">Tuxedo Park</a>, an upstate New York countryside enclave for Manhattan's wealthiest citizens. A son of one of the community's founders, Griswold Lorillard, and his friends were widely reported in society columns for showing up at the club's first Autumn Ball in October 1886 wearing "a tailless dress coat".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it is not known whether this garment was a mess jacket or a conventional dinner jacket, it has no doubt cemented the tailcoat substitute's association with Tuxedo Park in the mind of the public. </p><p>An essay in the Tuxedo Park archives<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attributes the jacket's importation to America to resident James Brown Potter, a merchant banker who had worked in London for <a href="/wiki/Brown_Brothers_Harriman" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown Brothers Harriman">Brown Brothers</a>. However, this claim for Potter cannot be verified through independent sources.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Period newspaper accounts indicate that at first the jacket was worn by young mavericks to gatherings considered strictly formal. This led the American establishment to reject it out of hand. It was only by 1888 that polite society accepted its role solely as summer and informal evening substitute, at which point it became very popular.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century_changes">20th century changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 20th century changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StateLibQld_1_106448_Celebrations_at_the_Belle_Vue_Hotel,_Brisbane,_January_1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/StateLibQld_1_106448_Celebrations_at_the_Belle_Vue_Hotel%2C_Brisbane%2C_January_1940.jpg/220px-StateLibQld_1_106448_Celebrations_at_the_Belle_Vue_Hotel%2C_Brisbane%2C_January_1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/StateLibQld_1_106448_Celebrations_at_the_Belle_Vue_Hotel%2C_Brisbane%2C_January_1940.jpg/330px-StateLibQld_1_106448_Celebrations_at_the_Belle_Vue_Hotel%2C_Brisbane%2C_January_1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/StateLibQld_1_106448_Celebrations_at_the_Belle_Vue_Hotel%2C_Brisbane%2C_January_1940.jpg/440px-StateLibQld_1_106448_Celebrations_at_the_Belle_Vue_Hotel%2C_Brisbane%2C_January_1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>Black tie worn at a dinner party in the 1940s</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest dinner jackets were of the same black material as the dress coat with one, two or no buttons, and a shawl collar faced in satin or ribbed silk. By the turn of the twentieth century, the peaked lapel was equally popular and the one-button model had become standard. When trousers were sold with the jacket they were of the same material. Edwardian <a href="/wiki/Dandy" title="Dandy">dandies</a> often opted for Oxford grey or a very dark blue for their evening wear.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By World War I, the grey option had fallen out of favour but the "midnight blue" alternative became increasingly popular and rivalled black by the mid-1930s. Notch lapels, imported from the ordinary business suit, were a brief vogue in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-blacktieguide_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blacktieguide-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A single stripe of braid covering the outseam on each leg was an occasional variation at first but became standard by the 1930s. At this time double-breasted jackets and white jackets became popular for wear in hot weather.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Colour, texture and pattern became increasingly popular in warm-weather jackets in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960s, these variations became increasingly common regardless of season or climate. Notch lapels were once again a fad.<sup id="cite_ref-blacktieguide_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blacktieguide-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1970s, mass-market retailers began offering white and coloured versions of the entire suit to its rental customers.<sup id="cite_ref-blacktieguide2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blacktieguide2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1980s vogue for nostalgic and retro styles returned evening wear to its black tone.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notch lapels returned for good in the 1980s, and in the 1990s dinner jackets increasingly took on other traits of the business suit, such as two- and three-button styling, flap pockets, and centre vents. These trends have continued into the early 21st century, and midnight blue is now once again a popular alternative.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_del_Bicentenario_-_Traje_de_gala_de_Carlos_Menem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Museo_del_Bicentenario_-_Traje_de_gala_de_Carlos_Menem.jpg/220px-Museo_del_Bicentenario_-_Traje_de_gala_de_Carlos_Menem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Museo_del_Bicentenario_-_Traje_de_gala_de_Carlos_Menem.jpg/330px-Museo_del_Bicentenario_-_Traje_de_gala_de_Carlos_Menem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Museo_del_Bicentenario_-_Traje_de_gala_de_Carlos_Menem.jpg/440px-Museo_del_Bicentenario_-_Traje_de_gala_de_Carlos_Menem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The elements of gentleman's black tie</figcaption></figure> <p>The dinner suit's accompaniments have also evolved over time. The most traditional interpretations of these elements — <a href="/wiki/Dress_shirt" title="Dress shirt">dress shirt</a>, low cut waistcoat (in the "V" or "U" shape), black bow tie, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_shoe" title="Oxford shoe">oxford</a> <a href="/wiki/Dress_shoe" title="Dress shoe">dress shoes</a> — are incorporated in the black tie dress code. </p><p>Unlike white tie, which is very strictly regulated, black tie ensembles can display more variation. More extensively, the traditional components for men are: </p> <ul><li>A dinner jacket, also called a tuxedo jacket in the United States, is primarily made of black or midnight blue wool. Dinner jackets in an off-white colour are also considered appropriate for some occasions, but are traditionally associated with warmer climates and differ from other dinner jackets in that they are self-faced and can be made of fabrics including linen and cotton.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silk</a> Jacket lapels and facings, usually <a href="/wiki/Grosgrain" title="Grosgrain">grosgrain</a> or satin, are a defining element of the jacket and can be seen on every type of lapel. The dinner jacket may have a peaked lapel, a shawl lapel, or a notched lapel, with some fashion stylists and writers seeing shawl lapels as less formal and notched lapels as the least formal,<sup id="cite_ref-BTG_tuxedo_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTG_tuxedo-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite the fact that they, like peaked and shawl, were used (though somewhat rarely) in some of the early forms of the garment.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Trousers with a single silk or satin braid covering the outer seams, uncuffed and worn with braces</li> <li>A black low-cut waistcoat or a cummerbund</li> <li>A white <a href="/wiki/Dress_shirt" title="Dress shirt">dress shirt</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Piqu%C3%A9_(weaving)" title="Piqué (weaving)">marcella</a> or pleated bib being traditional, with double or "French" <a href="/wiki/Cuff" title="Cuff">cuffs</a> and a turndown <a href="/wiki/Collar_(clothing)" title="Collar (clothing)">collar</a>. While the turndown is most appropriately <a href="/wiki/Semi-formal" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-formal">semi-formal</a>, the attached <a href="/wiki/Collar_(clothing)" title="Collar (clothing)">wing collar</a> has been popular with American men since the 1980s. However, many style authorities argue that the attached version now typically offered is insubstantial with minuscule wings and inappropriately paired with soft pleated fronts.<sup id="cite_ref-BTG_shirts_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTG_shirts-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A black silk bow tie matching the lapel facings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirt_stud" title="Shirt stud">Shirt studs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cufflink" title="Cufflink">cufflinks</a>. Some classic etiquette authorities limit studs to stiff-front marcella shirts only and prescribe pearl buttons for soft-front models instead.</li> <li>Black dress <a href="/wiki/Sock" title="Sock">socks</a>, usually of silk or fine wool. Some style guides recommend that the socks should come up to the knee.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Black shoes – traditionally <a href="/wiki/Patent_leather" title="Patent leather">patent leather</a> <a href="/wiki/Court_shoe" title="Court shoe">court shoes</a> or pumps; now often highly polished or patent leather <a href="/wiki/Oxford_shoe" title="Oxford shoe">Oxford</a> <a href="/wiki/Dress_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dress shoes">dress shoes</a> instead, without <a href="/wiki/Brogue_shoe" title="Brogue shoe">brogueing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jacket">Jacket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jacket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinner_Jacket_cuff_button_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dinner_Jacket_cuff_button_detail.jpg/220px-Dinner_Jacket_cuff_button_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dinner_Jacket_cuff_button_detail.jpg/330px-Dinner_Jacket_cuff_button_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dinner_Jacket_cuff_button_detail.jpg/440px-Dinner_Jacket_cuff_button_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2129" data-file-height="1409" /></a><figcaption>Covered cuff buttons on a dinner jacket</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinner_Jacket_Lapel_Boutonni%C3%A8re.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dinner jacket peak lapel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Dinner_Jacket_Lapel_Boutonni%C3%A8re.jpg/250px-Dinner_Jacket_Lapel_Boutonni%C3%A8re.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Dinner_Jacket_Lapel_Boutonni%C3%A8re.jpg/375px-Dinner_Jacket_Lapel_Boutonni%C3%A8re.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Dinner_Jacket_Lapel_Boutonni%C3%A8re.jpg/500px-Dinner_Jacket_Lapel_Boutonni%C3%A8re.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Peak_lapel" class="mw-redirect" title="Peak lapel">peak lapel</a> of a dinner jacket featuring a working <a href="/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re" title="Boutonnière">buttonhole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grosgrain" title="Grosgrain">silk grosgrain</a> facings</figcaption></figure> <p>The original and most formal model of dinner jacket is the <a href="/wiki/Single-breasted" title="Single-breasted">single-breasted</a> model. The typical black tie jacket is single-breasted with one button only, with <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/besom_pocket" class="extiw" title="wikt:besom pocket">jetted, or besom, pockets</a> and is of black or midnight blue; usually of wool or a wool-<a href="/wiki/Mohair" title="Mohair">mohair</a>, or wool-<a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">polyester</a> blend, although other materials, especially silk, are seen. Although other materials are used, the most appropriate and traditional for the dinner jacket are wool <a href="/wiki/Barathea" title="Barathea">barathea</a> or superfine <a href="/wiki/Herringbone_(cloth)" title="Herringbone (cloth)">herringbone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DebrettWeb_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DebrettWeb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Double-breasted models have become less common, but are generally considered equally appropriate for most black tie occasions. Dinner jackets were commonly <a href="/wiki/Vent_(tailoring)" title="Vent (tailoring)">ventless</a> before World War I, but in the 21st century come ventless, with <a href="/wiki/Vent_(tailoring)" title="Vent (tailoring)">side vents</a>, or, less commonly, with <a href="/wiki/Vent_(tailoring)" title="Vent (tailoring)">centre vents</a>. The ventless style is considered more formal, whilst the <a href="/wiki/Vent_(tailoring)" title="Vent (tailoring)">centre vent</a> is the least formal. The lapels, traditionally pointed and shawl, are usually faced with silk in either a grosgrain or a satin weave, but can also be silk <a href="/wiki/Barathea" title="Barathea">barathea</a>. A notched lapel is usually considered more appropriate for a business suit than a dinner jacket but is commonly seen on inexpensive <a href="/wiki/Off_the_rack" class="mw-redirect" title="Off the rack">off the rack</a> dinner jackets.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Black Tie Guide, the peaked lapel and shawl collar are equally authentic and correct, with the latter being slightly less formal.<sup id="cite_ref-BTG_tuxedo_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTG_tuxedo-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Button_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Button (clothing)">buttons</a> are covered in similarly coloured material to the main part of the jacket, which would typically be either self-faced or covered with the same material as the lapels. Some higher-end single-breasted jackets, both new and vintage, tend to be fastened with a link front closure which is visually similar to a cufflink; this traditional method of closure is common in the United Kingdom. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pocket" title="Pocket">double-besomed jetted</a> or slit hip pocket is the only style understated enough to complement the dinner jacket.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Pocket" title="Pocket">Flap pockets</a> are not considered appropriate for formal attire's refined minimalism due to their busier and bulkier design, and some believe that they are simply an attempt by dinner jacket manufacturers to save money by using standard suit patterns, although sometimes they will trim the edges of a flap pocket so that the flap can be tucked in or removed if desired.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (February 2019)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Pocket#Types" title="Pocket">Besom welts</a> can be of self fabric or trimmed with the lapel's silk facing, though classic menswear scholar Nicholas Antongiavanni suggests that for the English this latter touch "is a sure sign of hired clothes".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dinner jacket also has a welt breast pocket to hold a <a href="/wiki/Handkerchief" title="Handkerchief">pocket handkerchief</a>, which is generally self-faced rather than covered with silk. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinner_Jacket_Link_Front_Closure.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dinner jacket link front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dinner_Jacket_Link_Front_Closure.jpg/150px-Dinner_Jacket_Link_Front_Closure.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dinner_Jacket_Link_Front_Closure.jpg/225px-Dinner_Jacket_Link_Front_Closure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dinner_Jacket_Link_Front_Closure.jpg/300px-Dinner_Jacket_Link_Front_Closure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>An example of a link front style closure of a dinner jacket, featuring silk grosgrain</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Emily_Post" title="Emily Post">Emily Post</a>, a resident of Tuxedo Park, New York, stated in 1909 that "[Tuxedos] can have lapels or be shawl-shaped, in either case they are to have facings of <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a>, satin or grosgrain". She later republished this statement in her 1922 book <i>Etiquette</i>, adding that only single-breasted jackets are appropriately called <i>tuxedos</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a fashion movement suggesting that a man's appearance when wearing the wider and higher peak lapel is superior to the narrower notch lapel.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ken_White_dinner_jacket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ken_White_dinner_jacket.jpg/220px-Ken_White_dinner_jacket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ken_White_dinner_jacket.jpg/330px-Ken_White_dinner_jacket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ken_White_dinner_jacket.jpg/440px-Ken_White_dinner_jacket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption>A white dinner jacket</figcaption></figure> <p>White dinner jackets are often worn in warm climates. They are <a href="/wiki/Ivory_(color)" title="Ivory (color)">ivory</a> in colour rather than pure white, and have self-faced lapels, i.e., made of the same fabric as the jacket, rather than silk-faced lapels. They are generally worn with the same types of shirts and accessories as black dinner jackets, though the turndown collar and cummerbund are preferred to the wing collar or waistcoat. Similarly, the shawl lapel is more common in white dinner jackets. In the United Kingdom, the 20th-century etiquette was that white dinner jackets were never worn, even on the hottest day of summer, but were reserved for wear abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 21st century, white dinner jackets are frequently seen at <a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">weddings</a>, formal beach events, and high-school <a href="/wiki/Prom" title="Prom">proms</a>, in the United States and at some concerts, famously for instance the <a href="/wiki/Last_Night_of_the_Proms" class="mw-redirect" title="Last Night of the Proms">Last Night of the Proms</a>, in the United Kingdom. In tropical climates, such as in Imperial Burma, the desert fawn was historically used as the less formal colour. At one time, the civilian <a href="/wiki/Mess_jacket_(civil)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mess jacket (civil)">mess jacket</a> was also an option in warmer climates. </p><p>It is generally considered inappropriate for a man to remove his jacket during a formal social event, but when hot weather and humidity dictate, the <a href="/wiki/Social_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="Social rank">ranking</a> man of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">royal family</a> or the guest of honour may give men permission by noticeably taking off his jacket. In anticipated hot weather, <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_rig" title="Red Sea rig">Red Sea rig</a> is specified in the invitation, although this dress is esoteric in civilian circles, and is particular to certain <a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expatriate</a> communities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_bow_tie">Black bow tie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Black bow tie"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, the only neckwear appropriate is the black bow tie that is a self-tie and it always matches the lapel facing of the dinner jacket and braiding of the trouser seams. The bow tie is tied using a common <a href="/wiki/Shoelace_knot" title="Shoelace knot">shoelace knot</a>, which is also called the bow knot for that reason. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trousers">Trousers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Trousers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black tie trousers with a side stripe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Galon.JPG/220px-Galon.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Galon.JPG/330px-Galon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Galon.JPG/440px-Galon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Black tie trousers with a side stripe</figcaption></figure> <p>Black tie trousers traditionally have no <a href="/wiki/Cuff#Trouser_cuffs" title="Cuff">turn-ups</a>, also called cuffs in <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, or belt loops. The outer seams are usually decorated with a single braid of silk or a material that matches or complements the lapel facing. Traditionally, <a href="/wiki/Suspenders" title="Suspenders">braces</a>, called suspenders in US English, hidden by the waistcoat, are used to support the trousers. <a href="/wiki/Belt_(clothing)" title="Belt (clothing)">Belts</a> are never worn with black tie trousers. Evening trousers may be flat-fronted or pleated, with pleats first coming into fashion in the 1930s. Whilst flat-fronted trousers have become more fashionable, pleated trousers may be considered more comfortable by men who have wider hips and a narrow waist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waist_coverings">Waist coverings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Waist coverings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A waist covering is generally worn as part of a black tie ensemble. Either a low cut waistcoat or cummerbund may be worn, but never both at the same time. Although the English authority <a href="/wiki/Debrett%27s" title="Debrett's">Debrett's</a> consider that wearing a waistcoat is smart, they no longer consider either waist covering to be essential.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American authority, <a href="/wiki/The_Emily_Post_Institute" title="The Emily Post Institute">The Emily Post Institute</a>, considers them to be an essential component of proper black tie attire.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waist coverings are not matched to wedding theme colours.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Tie_Waistcoat_Gold_and_Black_Studs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black tie waistcoat with studs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Black_Tie_Waistcoat_Gold_and_Black_Studs.jpg/130px-Black_Tie_Waistcoat_Gold_and_Black_Studs.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Black_Tie_Waistcoat_Gold_and_Black_Studs.jpg/195px-Black_Tie_Waistcoat_Gold_and_Black_Studs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Black_Tie_Waistcoat_Gold_and_Black_Studs.jpg/260px-Black_Tie_Waistcoat_Gold_and_Black_Studs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Waistcoat with shawl collar, closed with studs</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Waistcoat">Waistcoat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Waistcoat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A low cut waistcoat should be worn when wearing a single-breasted coat.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The waistcoat plays an important part in black tie's refined minimalism by helping to conceal its working parts by discreetly covering the trousers' exposed waistband and the shirt bosom's bottom edge. Waistcoats come in the 'V' or rarer 'U' shape, in backless or fully backed versions, double- or single-breasted, with or without lapels. Single-breasted styles typically have three buttons, and double-breasted ones three or four rows. Before World War II, while black tie was still gaining acceptance, men would wear a white waistcoat, along with other details now associated primarily with white tie, such as stiff fronted shirts. However, this style, though increasingly viewed as an affectation,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (January 2024)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> is still acceptable in the United States. The waistcoat may be made from either the same fabric as the dinner jacket, as is traditional, or the same silk as the jacket's lapels, which is more popular. When a waistcoat has lapels, they are faced in the same silk as those of the jacket; in this case it is considered more refined if the body is made from the same fabric as the jacket. The buttons may be self-faced or covered in the same silk as the lapels. Vintage waistcoats were sometimes closed with studs made from <a href="/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx">onyx</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">mother-of-pearl</a>, which were often surrounded by a setting of silver or <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>. </p><p>A waistcoat is never worn with a double-breasted jacket. Since this style of jacket is never unbuttoned, the waist of the trousers is never exposed, and therefore does not need to be covered,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though before World War II an edge of the waistcoat was often shown between the jacket and shirt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cummerbund">Cummerbund</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cummerbund"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cummerbund1950.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cummerbund1950.JPG/220px-Cummerbund1950.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cummerbund1950.JPG/330px-Cummerbund1950.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cummerbund1950.JPG/440px-Cummerbund1950.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Black <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_(textile)" title="Ottoman (textile)">ottoman</a> silk cummerbund</figcaption></figure> <p>A cummerbund may be worn with a dinner jacket in lieu of a waistcoat and, although it is considered slightly less formal, it is equally correct. It looks especially well with a shawl collar dinner jacket but may be worn in conjunction with peak lapels. The material of the cummerbund should be silk satin, grosgrain, also called faille, or <a href="/wiki/Barathea" title="Barathea">barathea</a> to match that of the bow tie. It features upward-facing folds, which were originally used to store theatre or opera tickets, and are now considered to be more decorative than functional. Just like the waistcoat, cummerbunds are not worn with a double-breasted jacket.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the cummerbund is seen as an extension of the trousers, traditionally it is the same colour, i.e. black.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the <i>Black Tie Guide</i> endorses deep and rich colours as a tasteful way to introduce some colour into an outfit that is otherwise <a href="/wiki/Monochrome" title="Monochrome">monochromatic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bright colours, such as those often worn by members of wedding parties, should be avoided<sup id="cite_ref-:3_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the bow tie must remain black in any case. Some higher quality models feature a hidden pocket and an elastic loop to fasten to the trousers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shirt">Shirt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Shirt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PajaEsmoquinII.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/PajaEsmoquinII.JPG/220px-PajaEsmoquinII.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/PajaEsmoquinII.JPG/330px-PajaEsmoquinII.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/PajaEsmoquinII.JPG/440px-PajaEsmoquinII.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A modern attached wing collar, of the half-collar shape, with longer wings than a typical attached wing collar, and pre-tied bow tie</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Dress_shirt" title="Dress shirt">Dress shirts</a> designed to be worn with black tie are sometimes called "tuxedo shirts" in American English.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally, the shirt is white, has a bibbed front that is either marcella or pleated, a turndown collar, and double, or "french" cuffs. In the early-20th century, a <a href="/wiki/Piqu%C3%A9_(weaving)" title="Piqué (weaving)">piqué</a> shirt with a <a href="/wiki/Detachable_collar" title="Detachable collar">detachable</a> wing collar and single cuffs such as is worn with white tie was used, and in the 1960s and 1970s ruffled bibs were popular, but have since become uncommon. The wing collar originally disappeared in black tie after the 1920s when the appropriately <a href="/wiki/Semi-formal" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-formal">semi-formal</a> attached turndown collar shirt became preferred, but it has been popular with American men in a less substantial, attached form since the 1980s. However, many style authorities argue that the wing collar should remain the domain of white tie for aesthetic reasons. Etiquette maven Miss Manners is one of those who feel that while the bow tie's uncovered band is fine in a white-on-white scheme, "gentlemen with their black ties exposed all-around their necks look silly".<sup id="cite_ref-BTG_shirts_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTG_shirts-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cufflinks_and_Studs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gold and cuff links and shirt studs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cufflinks_and_Studs.jpg/250px-Cufflinks_and_Studs.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cufflinks_and_Studs.jpg/375px-Cufflinks_and_Studs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cufflinks_and_Studs.jpg/500px-Cufflinks_and_Studs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A vintage set of shirt studs and double-sided cufflinks with a smoke <a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">mother-of-pearl</a> inlay in a gold setting</figcaption></figure> <p>Although some style authorities consider the wing collar to be an acceptable option for black tie shirts, they are not worn with double cuffs or a pleated bib,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are better suited to the more formal single-breasted peak lapel jacket.<sup id="cite_ref-BTG_shirts_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTG_shirts-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They may feature a bib that is either marcella or <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starched</a> and include stiff single cuffs secured with cufflinks, made of the same fabric as the bib; this type of shirt is exactly the same as one worn with white tie attire.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collar in this case is tall and stiff, which may be attached or detachable. When a full dress shirt is worn in this fashion, it is accompanied by the white marcella waistcoat ordinarily associated with white tie.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wearing white tie accessories in this manner is considered by many to be an affectation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (January 2024)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Debrett%27s" title="Debrett's">Debrett's</a> do not endorse the wing collar as being compatible with the black tie dress code.<sup id="cite_ref-DebrettWeb_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DebrettWeb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> </p><p>The more formal marcella version of the shirt fastens with matching shirt studs. These are most commonly in silver or gold settings, featuring onyx or mother-of-pearl; various geometrical shapes are worn, e.g., circles, which are most common for studs, octagons, or rectangles, which are most common for cufflinks. There has been no consistent fashion preference for gold or silver, but studs with mother-of-pearl are more formal and therefore often associated with white tie. The soft-front pleated version of the shirt should be fastened with mother-of-pearl buttons, typically supplied with the shirt on a separate strip of fabric. Alternatively, a fly-front shirt, appropriate with both the marcella and pleated bibs, conceals the <a href="/wiki/Placket" title="Placket">placket</a> for a more minimalistic look. </p><p>There are several types of cufflinks that may be worn with black tie. The most formal and decorative are the double-panel type, which dress both sides of the cuff and are connected by a chain or link of metal; this model conceals the mechanism by which the cuff is secured. The most common, and least decorative, are the swivel bar type; whilst these are acceptable, they leave the inner side of the cuffs and mechanism exposed which is incongruous with formal dress.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herrenschuh078.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Patent Leather Oxford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Herrenschuh078.jpg/220px-Herrenschuh078.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Herrenschuh078.jpg/330px-Herrenschuh078.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Herrenschuh078.jpg/440px-Herrenschuh078.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="611" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Oxford_shoe" title="Oxford shoe">Oxford shoe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Patent_leather" title="Patent leather">patent leather</a> worn with <a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">evening dress</a> or dinner dress</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footwear">Footwear</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Footwear"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most formal and traditional shoes are patent leather opera pumps, also called <a href="/wiki/Court_shoe" title="Court shoe">court shoes</a>, decorated with grosgrain bows. The more popular alternative is the black lace-up <a href="/wiki/Oxford_shoe" title="Oxford shoe">Oxford shoe</a>, in patent leather or <a href="/wiki/Calfskin" title="Calfskin">calfskin</a>, with a rounded plain toe. <a href="/wiki/Brogue_shoe" title="Brogue shoe">Brogueing</a> or any other decorative patterns should never be seen on black tie footwear.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Matte finish <a href="/wiki/Court_shoe" title="Court shoe">pumps</a> are also seen. Shoes are almost invariably black and patent leather is considered more formal than matte finishes while pumps are considered more formal than <a href="/wiki/Oxford_shoe" title="Oxford shoe">lace-ups</a>. Generally considered too informal for black tie are shoes with <a href="/wiki/Open_lacing" class="mw-redirect" title="Open lacing">open lacing</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Derby_shoe" title="Derby shoe">Derby shoe</a>, called <i>bluchers</i> in American English. Notable alternatives include the black button boot, primarily of historical interest only, and the monogrammed <a href="/wiki/Slipper" title="Slipper">Albert slipper</a> which was originally worn only at home. Hosiery is black socks made from fine wool or silk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accessories">Accessories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Accessories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuxedo_details_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tuxedo_details_2.jpg/220px-Tuxedo_details_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tuxedo_details_2.jpg/330px-Tuxedo_details_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Tuxedo_details_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Button_hole_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Button hole flower">Button hole flower</a> with a white pocket square</figcaption></figure> <p>Most etiquette and fashion guides of the current decade<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> recommend keeping colour touches and favouring a single colour, usually dark; muted reds, such as maroon, are a traditional choice. </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Pocket_square" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocket square">Handkerchief</a></b>: A handkerchief in linen traditionally, or silk, or cotton is usually worn in the breast pocket.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although precedents for tasteful exceptions exist,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Handkerchief" title="Handkerchief">pocket squares</a> are normally white,<sup id="cite_ref-DebrettWeb_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DebrettWeb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and may not match the waist covering or bow tie.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re" title="Boutonnière">Boutonnière</a></b>: A flower may be worn. Red and white <a href="/wiki/Dianthus_caryophyllus" title="Dianthus caryophyllus">carnation</a>, blue <a href="/wiki/Cornflower" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornflower">cornflower</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">rosebud</a> have all been popular at times. In <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, the boutonnière is usually a <a href="/wiki/Gardenia" title="Gardenia">gardenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Outerwear</b>: Black tie events do not involve outerwear and coats and gloves are no longer considered part of the dress code. However, etiquette for what to wear in public in transit to and from black tie occasions was stiffer in earlier eras and remain an option: Matching overcoats are usually black, <a href="/wiki/Charcoal_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charcoal (color)">charcoal</a>, or dark <a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">blue</a>, and traditionally of the <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_coat" title="Chesterfield coat">Chesterfield</a> style. A <a href="/wiki/Guards_coat" class="mw-redirect" title="Guards coat">guards coat</a> was also once popular, and a lighter topcoat can be worn in summer. Historically, an <a href="/wiki/Inverness_coat" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverness coat">Inverness coat</a> was also worn. Until the mid-20th century, gloves and scarves were always worn, and are still occasionally seen in grey leather and white silk, respectively. White kid gloves have never been standard with black tie, remaining exclusive to white tie dress. </p><p><b>Hat</b>: The 20th-century standard hat for black tie was a black or midnight blue <a href="/wiki/Homburg_(hat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homburg (hat)">Homburg</a> in winter,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or straw <a href="/wiki/Boater_(hat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boater (hat)">boater</a> in spring and summer.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fedoras were originally regarded as too informal but have become more common. Top hats were originally worn with black tie, but had been reserved to white tie and <a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">morning dress</a> from World War I. In the 1960s, it became optional to wear a hat with black tie, while from the 1970s onwards hats became less common.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miniature_medals_with_black_tie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Miniature_medals_with_black_tie.png/220px-Miniature_medals_with_black_tie.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Miniature_medals_with_black_tie.png/330px-Miniature_medals_with_black_tie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Miniature_medals_with_black_tie.png/440px-Miniature_medals_with_black_tie.png 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="466" /></a><figcaption>Miniature medals with black tie</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Decorations and orders</b>: Military, civil, and organizational <a href="/wiki/Order_(honour)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order (honour)">decorations</a> are usually worn only to <a href="/wiki/Full_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Full dress">full dress</a> events, generally of formal governmental or diplomatic significance.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miniature <a href="/wiki/Order_(decoration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order (decoration)">orders</a> and awards are typically worn on the left lapel of the jacket, and neck badges, breast stars, and sashes are worn according to country-specific or organizational regulations. Unlike in white tie, where decorations are always permitted, the dress code will usually give some indication when decorations are to be worn with black tie.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Timepiece</b>: Traditionally visible timepieces are not worn with formal evening dress, because timekeeping is not supposed to be considered a priority. <a href="/wiki/Pocket_watch" title="Pocket watch">Pocket watches</a> are acceptable.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women">Women</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_Grazia_Cucinotta_-_nicogenin_-_66%C3%A8me_Festival_de_Venise_(Mostra)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Maria_Grazia_Cucinotta_-_nicogenin_-_66%C3%A8me_Festival_de_Venise_%28Mostra%29_2.jpg/220px-Maria_Grazia_Cucinotta_-_nicogenin_-_66%C3%A8me_Festival_de_Venise_%28Mostra%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Maria_Grazia_Cucinotta_-_nicogenin_-_66%C3%A8me_Festival_de_Venise_%28Mostra%29_2.jpg/330px-Maria_Grazia_Cucinotta_-_nicogenin_-_66%C3%A8me_Festival_de_Venise_%28Mostra%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Maria_Grazia_Cucinotta_-_nicogenin_-_66%C3%A8me_Festival_de_Venise_%28Mostra%29_2.jpg/440px-Maria_Grazia_Cucinotta_-_nicogenin_-_66%C3%A8me_Festival_de_Venise_%28Mostra%29_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>An example of a black evening gown</figcaption></figure> <p>Women's dress for black tie occasions has varied greatly throughout the years; traditionally it was: </p> <ul><li>A dinner length gown at the ankle or tea length gown below mid-calf, which is a sleeveless <a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">evening gown</a>, often accompanied by: <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Wrap_(clothing)" title="Wrap (clothing)">wrap</a> or <a href="/wiki/Stole_(shawl)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stole (shawl)">stole</a> and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloves">Gloves</a></li></ul></li> <li>Evening shoes</li></ul> <p>Other fashionable evening attire may be worn. Unlike the men's standard, the specifics of black tie for women are linked to whatever evening wear is currently in fashion.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today ladies' dress for black tie occasions covers a much wider level of formality ranging from just below the white tie standard<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to something more informal such as a <a href="/wiki/Little_black_dress" title="Little black dress">little black dress</a>. Specifically it can also include: </p> <ul><li>Evening shoes and</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Ballgown" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballgown">ballgown</a>, evening gown or <a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">cocktail dress</a>. Cocktail dresses may be long or moderately short and need not be black.<sup id="cite_ref-DebrettWeb_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DebrettWeb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In England, evening trousers with a <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_pants" title="Palazzo pants">palazzo</a> cut are another acceptable option.<sup id="cite_ref-DebrettWeb_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DebrettWeb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Still, while "black tie" dress code traditionally implies evening dress for women, in 1966 famous couturier <a href="/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)" title="Yves Saint Laurent (designer)">Yves Saint Laurent</a><sup id="cite_ref-alexander_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alexander-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proposed <i>Le Smoking</i>, a dinner suit designed for women. Most initial reactions to the collection were negative.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The designer took bits and pieces from both men's suit and women's clothing and combined it with new ideas. As this dinner suit was designed for women, it was different from the normal male dinner suit. The collar was more feminine, as the shape and curve were more subtle. The waistline of the <a href="/wiki/Blouse" title="Blouse">blouse</a> was narrowed to show the body shape, and pants were adjusted to help elongate the leg. It pioneered long, minimalist, androgynous styles for women, as well as the female use of <a href="/wiki/Suit_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (clothing)">power suits</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pantsuit" title="Pantsuit">pantsuit</a> in modern-day society. Some described Saint Laurent's initiative as empowerment of women by giving them the option to wear clothes that were normally worn by men with influence and power.<sup id="cite_ref-iht_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iht-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-afp_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afp-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fashion_photography" title="Fashion photography">Fashion photography</a> echoes the influence of this suit in shoots that feature <a href="/wiki/Androgynous" class="mw-redirect" title="Androgynous">androgynous</a> models with slicked-back hair in a mannish three-piece suit, a style that was first popularized in photographs by <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Newton" title="Helmut Newton">Helmut Newton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-alexander_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alexander-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iht_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iht-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This suit has continued to influence fashion designers' collections through the 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-afp_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afp-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dazed_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dazed-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_occasions">Social occasions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Social occasions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Wedding_Stockholm_2010_concert_house_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Royal_Wedding_Stockholm_2010_concert_house_%28crop%29.jpg/170px-Royal_Wedding_Stockholm_2010_concert_house_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Royal_Wedding_Stockholm_2010_concert_house_%28crop%29.jpg/255px-Royal_Wedding_Stockholm_2010_concert_house_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Royal_Wedding_Stockholm_2010_concert_house_%28crop%29.jpg/340px-Royal_Wedding_Stockholm_2010_concert_house_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2859" data-file-height="2507" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Crown_Princess_of_Sweden" title="Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden">Sweden's Crown Princess Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Daniel,_Duke_of_V%C3%A4sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland">Prince Daniel Westling</a> arriving at the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Sweden">Riksdag</a>'s Black Tie Gala Performance on the eve of <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Victoria,_Crown_Princess_of_Sweden,_and_Daniel_Westling" title="Wedding of Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, and Daniel Westling">their wedding</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In traditional <a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western dress codes</a> etiquette black tie is intended for men's evening wear. Traditionally in the 20th century black tie, in contrast to formal white tie, was considered informal.<sup id="cite_ref-Safire_436_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Safire_436-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 21st century black tie is often referred to as being semi-formal.<sup id="cite_ref-Wright_USAF_Ret._202_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright_USAF_Ret._202-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Black tie is worn to private and public dinners, <a href="/wiki/Ball_(dance_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ball (dance party)">balls</a> and parties. At the more formal end of the social spectrum, it has to a large extent replaced the more formal white tie. Once more common, white tie dress code is fairly rare, being reserved for only the most formal occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Black tie is traditionally worn only after six o'clock in the evening, or after sundown during winter months. Black tie's rough daytime equivalent is the <a href="/wiki/Stroller_(style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroller (style)">stroller</a>, which is less formal than morning dress because, as with black tie, it replaces the tailcoat with a lounge coat. Contrary to the trend seen in evening dress, the less formal stroller is now extraordinarily rare, whereas morning dress is still relatively common. </p><p>The most popular uses of the dinner suit in the United States in the early 21st century are for balls, galas, proms, cruise ship dinners and weddings. In these circumstances the dinner suit's styling and accessories are most commonly chosen according to the wearer's tastes. Less popular are black tie events, such as gala fundraisers, where men typically wear more traditional dinner suits and accessories as dictated by the dress code.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They are also often worn by male musicians at concerts. </p><p>As a general rule, boys do not wear dinner jackets much before they are 15 or <a href="/wiki/Dress_coat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dress coat">dress coats</a> before they are about 18.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academia">Academia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Academia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacob_Rees-Mogg_debating_at_the_Cambridge_Union_Society.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Jacob_Rees-Mogg_debating_at_the_Cambridge_Union_Society.JPG/240px-Jacob_Rees-Mogg_debating_at_the_Cambridge_Union_Society.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Jacob_Rees-Mogg_debating_at_the_Cambridge_Union_Society.JPG/360px-Jacob_Rees-Mogg_debating_at_the_Cambridge_Union_Society.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Jacob_Rees-Mogg_debating_at_the_Cambridge_Union_Society.JPG/480px-Jacob_Rees-Mogg_debating_at_the_Cambridge_Union_Society.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2958" data-file-height="2219" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Rees-Mogg" title="Jacob Rees-Mogg">Jacob Rees-Mogg</a> in black tie debating at The Cambridge Union</figcaption></figure> <p>Some British university debating societies, such as at <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Union" title="Oxford Union">Oxford</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Durham_Union" title="Durham Union">Durham</a><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_College_London_Debating_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University College London Debating Society (page does not exist)">University College London</a><sup id="cite_ref-eventbrite_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eventbrite-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> conduct at least some of their debates in black tie.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably, the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Union" title="Cambridge Union">Cambridge Union</a> abolished the long-standing mandatory wearing of black tie at debates in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-independent_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Irish_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Times">Irish Times</a> hosts an annual black tie debating competition.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Learned societies, such as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Aeronautical_Society" title="Royal Aeronautical Society">Royal Aeronautical Society</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> may also follow a similar practice. </p><p>Black tie dinners and debates are held through the academic year by British university Conservative associations, such as those at <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Conservative_Association" title="Oxford University Conservative Association">Oxford</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Conservative_Association" title="Cambridge University Conservative Association">Cambridge</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_York_Conservative_and_Unionist_Association" title="University of York Conservative and Unionist Association">York</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Nottingham_University_Conservative_Association" title="Nottingham University Conservative Association">Nottingham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opera_and_ballet">Opera and ballet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Opera and ballet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, white tie was worn for the <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>. Since the 20th century, however, black tie has been worn increasingly and today a dark lounge suit is generally acceptable.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 21st century, many opera houses in the English-speaking world do not stipulate black tie. For example, neither the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a> nor the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House" title="Sydney Opera House">Sydney Opera House</a> maintain a black tie dress code. Notwithstanding, black tie is customary at English country house operas, such as during the summer Festival at <a href="/wiki/Glyndebourne_Festival_Opera" title="Glyndebourne Festival Opera">Glyndebourne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DebrettWeb_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DebrettWeb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Black tie is also worn at a <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a> or <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestra</a> gala.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cruise_ships">Cruise ships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Cruise ships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At more formal dinners on <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ships</a> the <a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">dress code</a> will typically be black tie, although a dark lounge suit may be worn as a substitute.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013 <a href="/wiki/Cunard" class="mw-redirect" title="Cunard">Cunard</a>, noted for its adherence to formal <a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">dress codes</a>, relaxed its dress standards.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> Cunard requires one of a dinner jacket, a <a href="/wiki/Suit_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (clothing)">dark suit</a>, formal <a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">national dress</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dress_uniform" class="mw-redirect" title="Dress uniform">military uniform</a> for gentlemen diners on formal evenings.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the luxury cruise liner, <a href="/wiki/Seabourn_Cruise_Line" title="Seabourn Cruise Line">Seabourn</a>, stipulates either a dinner suit or a dark business suit on formal evenings.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weddings">Weddings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Weddings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Black tie has been increasingly seen in the United States at <a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">weddings</a> in place of the traditional <a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">morning dress</a>. However, etiquette and clothing experts see the wearing of black tie before 6 p.m. as out of the ordinary.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the late 1930s, black tie was even discouraged as too informal for evening weddings, with <a href="/wiki/Amy_Vanderbilt" title="Amy Vanderbilt">Amy Vanderbilt</a> arguing that "no man should ever be caught in a church in a tuxedo". <a href="/wiki/Emily_Post" title="Emily Post">Emily Post</a> would continue to argue in preference of <a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">white tie</a> at evening weddings into the 1950s. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and the rest of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, although a minority accepts black tie at evening <a href="/wiki/Wedding_reception" title="Wedding reception">wedding receptions</a>, including some <a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Jewish weddings</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is seldom worn at church weddings or civil ceremonies where morning dress or a lounge suit is normally favoured. </p><p>Other than that, supplementary alternatives include local variations of white tie etiquette, such as <a href="/wiki/Highland_dress" title="Highland dress">highland dress</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, if neither white tie nor black tie is preferred. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Lu%C3%ADs_(foto).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official portrait of Brazilian President Washington Luís (c. 1926)"><img alt="Official portrait of Brazilian President Washington Luís (c. 1926)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Washington_Lu%C3%ADs_%28foto%29.jpg/80px-Washington_Lu%C3%ADs_%28foto%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Washington_Lu%C3%ADs_%28foto%29.jpg/120px-Washington_Lu%C3%ADs_%28foto%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Washington_Lu%C3%ADs_%28foto%29.jpg/161px-Washington_Lu%C3%ADs_%28foto%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1055" data-file-height="1574" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Official portrait of Brazilian President <a href="/wiki/Washington_Lu%C3%ADs" title="Washington Luís">Washington Luís</a> (c. 1926)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth_and_Prince_Philip_host_Queen%27s_Dinner_for_President_and_Mrs._Kennedy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queen Elizabeth II, and Prince Philip together with US President John F. Kennedy, and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis at Buckingham Palace, London, United Kingdom (1961)"><img alt="Queen Elizabeth II, and Prince Philip together with US President John F. Kennedy, and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis at Buckingham Palace, London, United Kingdom (1961)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Queen_Elizabeth_and_Prince_Philip_host_Queen%27s_Dinner_for_President_and_Mrs._Kennedy.jpg/120px-Queen_Elizabeth_and_Prince_Philip_host_Queen%27s_Dinner_for_President_and_Mrs._Kennedy.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Queen_Elizabeth_and_Prince_Philip_host_Queen%27s_Dinner_for_President_and_Mrs._Kennedy.jpg/180px-Queen_Elizabeth_and_Prince_Philip_host_Queen%27s_Dinner_for_President_and_Mrs._Kennedy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Queen_Elizabeth_and_Prince_Philip_host_Queen%27s_Dinner_for_President_and_Mrs._Kennedy.jpg/240px-Queen_Elizabeth_and_Prince_Philip_host_Queen%27s_Dinner_for_President_and_Mrs._Kennedy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="783" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Philip">Prince Philip</a> together with US President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, and First Lady <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis</a> at <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a>, London, United Kingdom (1961)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ronald_Reagan_talking_with_Audrey_Hepburn_and_Robert_Wolders.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="US President Ronald Reagan, Audrey Hepburn, and Robert Wolders at a private dinner for the Prince of Wales at the White House, Washington, D.C., United States (1981)"><img alt="US President Ronald Reagan, Audrey Hepburn, and Robert Wolders at a private dinner for the Prince of Wales at the White House, Washington, D.C., United States (1981)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/President_Ronald_Reagan_talking_with_Audrey_Hepburn_and_Robert_Wolders.jpg/120px-President_Ronald_Reagan_talking_with_Audrey_Hepburn_and_Robert_Wolders.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/President_Ronald_Reagan_talking_with_Audrey_Hepburn_and_Robert_Wolders.jpg/180px-President_Ronald_Reagan_talking_with_Audrey_Hepburn_and_Robert_Wolders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/President_Ronald_Reagan_talking_with_Audrey_Hepburn_and_Robert_Wolders.jpg/240px-President_Ronald_Reagan_talking_with_Audrey_Hepburn_and_Robert_Wolders.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2643" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">US President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wolders" title="Robert Wolders">Robert Wolders</a> at a private dinner for the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales" title="Prince of Wales">Prince of Wales</a> at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, Washington, D.C., United States (1981)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_photo_essay_080421-N-0696M-312.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="US Navy Admiral Mike Mullen (in optional white semi-formal mess dress uniform) congratulates former British Prime Minister Tony Blair at the Atlantic Council of the United States Distinguished Leadership Award Gala (2008)."><img alt="US Navy Admiral Mike Mullen (in optional white semi-formal mess dress uniform) congratulates former British Prime Minister Tony Blair at the Atlantic Council of the United States Distinguished Leadership Award Gala (2008)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Defense.gov_photo_essay_080421-N-0696M-312.jpg/120px-Defense.gov_photo_essay_080421-N-0696M-312.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Defense.gov_photo_essay_080421-N-0696M-312.jpg/180px-Defense.gov_photo_essay_080421-N-0696M-312.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Defense.gov_photo_essay_080421-N-0696M-312.jpg/240px-Defense.gov_photo_essay_080421-N-0696M-312.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1939" data-file-height="1340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">US Navy Admiral <a href="/wiki/Mike_Mullen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Mullen">Mike Mullen</a> (in optional white semi-formal <a href="/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform" title="Mess dress uniform">mess dress uniform</a>) congratulates former British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Council_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Council of the United States">Atlantic Council of the United States</a> Distinguished Leadership Award Gala (2008).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AngelinaJolieBradPittAAFeb09.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Actors Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt at the 81st Academy Awards (2009)"><img alt="Actors Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt at the 81st Academy Awards (2009)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/AngelinaJolieBradPittAAFeb09.jpg/120px-AngelinaJolieBradPittAAFeb09.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/AngelinaJolieBradPittAAFeb09.jpg/180px-AngelinaJolieBradPittAAFeb09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/AngelinaJolieBradPittAAFeb09.jpg/240px-AngelinaJolieBradPittAAFeb09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2292" data-file-height="1253" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Actors <a href="/wiki/Angelina_Jolie" title="Angelina Jolie">Angelina Jolie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a> at the 81st <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> (2009)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_and_King_of_Sweden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia during the World Water Week at the Stockholm City Hall, Sweden (2011)"><img alt="King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia during the World Water Week at the Stockholm City Hall, Sweden (2011)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Queen_and_King_of_Sweden.jpg/76px-Queen_and_King_of_Sweden.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Queen_and_King_of_Sweden.jpg/114px-Queen_and_King_of_Sweden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Queen_and_King_of_Sweden.jpg/152px-Queen_and_King_of_Sweden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="2979" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">King <a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Silvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Silvia">Queen Silvia</a> during the <a href="/wiki/World_Water_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="World Water Week">World Water Week</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_City_Hall" title="Stockholm City Hall">Stockholm City Hall</a>, Sweden (2011)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_DVIDSHUB_-_Armed_Forces_Full_Honor_Cordon_and_State_Dinner_for_United_Kingdom_(Image_5_of_5).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="US President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama at the White House (2012)"><img alt="US President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama at the White House (2012)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flickr_-_DVIDSHUB_-_Armed_Forces_Full_Honor_Cordon_and_State_Dinner_for_United_Kingdom_%28Image_5_of_5%29.jpg/80px-Flickr_-_DVIDSHUB_-_Armed_Forces_Full_Honor_Cordon_and_State_Dinner_for_United_Kingdom_%28Image_5_of_5%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flickr_-_DVIDSHUB_-_Armed_Forces_Full_Honor_Cordon_and_State_Dinner_for_United_Kingdom_%28Image_5_of_5%29.jpg/120px-Flickr_-_DVIDSHUB_-_Armed_Forces_Full_Honor_Cordon_and_State_Dinner_for_United_Kingdom_%28Image_5_of_5%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flickr_-_DVIDSHUB_-_Armed_Forces_Full_Honor_Cordon_and_State_Dinner_for_United_Kingdom_%28Image_5_of_5%29.jpg/160px-Flickr_-_DVIDSHUB_-_Armed_Forces_Full_Honor_Cordon_and_State_Dinner_for_United_Kingdom_%28Image_5_of_5%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="4256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and First Lady <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> at the White House (2012)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western dress codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">White tie</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/32px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/48px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/64px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="490" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Fashion" title="Portal:Fashion">Fashion portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Second Edition</i>, Stuart Berg Flexner and Lenore Crary Hauck, editors, Random House, New York (1993).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DebrettWeb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DebrettWeb_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DebrettWeb_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DebrettWeb_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DebrettWeb_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DebrettWeb_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DebrettWeb_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DebrettWeb_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/british-etiquette/british-behaviour/h/dress-codes/black-tie">"Black Tie, Dress Codes, A to H, British Behaviour, Etiquette and Style | Debrett's"</a>. <i>www.debretts.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.debretts.com&rft.atitle=Black+Tie%2C+Dress+Codes%2C+A+to+H%2C+British+Behaviour%2C+Etiquette+and+Style+%7C+Debrett%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fbritish-etiquette%2Fbritish-behaviour%2Fh%2Fdress-codes%2Fblack-tie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">" Dinner-jackets have for some years been worn in country houses when the family are en famille" <i>Huddersfield Chronicle</i>, 20 September 1887 quoting <i>Vanity Fair</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Fastidious Englishmen don't seem to be able to get along without a dinner-jacket" <i>The Inter Ocean</i>, 8 October 1889</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Black Tie Guide original research.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/dj?q=DJ">"DJ"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fdj%3Fq%3DDJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Tuxedo coat has become popular with a great many men who regard its demi train as a happy medium between a swallow-tail and a cutaway." <i>Chicago Daily Tribune</i>, 19 August 1888</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/04-Victorian_Late_Etiquette_&_DJ.htm">"History: Late Victorian Era"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=History%3A+Late+Victorian+Era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FHistory%2F04-Victorian_Late_Etiquette_%26_DJ.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131128180636/http://blog.blacktieguide.com/2013/11/27/tux-britannia/">"Tux Britannia"</a>. <i>Black Tie Blog</i>. 27 November 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.blacktieguide.com/2013/11/27/tux-britannia/">the original</a> on 28 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Blog&rft.atitle=Tux+Britannia&rft.date=2013-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.blacktieguide.com%2F2013%2F11%2F27%2Ftux-britannia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNguyen2018" class="citation web cs1">Nguyen, Nam H. (26 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HmZYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT197">"27000 English-French Words Dictionary with Definitions: 27000 Dictionnaire des Mots Anglais-Français Avec Définitions"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=27000+English-French+Words+Dictionary+with+Definitions%3A+27000+Dictionnaire+des+Mots+Anglais-Fran%C3%A7ais+Avec+D%C3%A9finitions&rft.date=2018-04-26&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Nam+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHmZYDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillar2016" class="citation web cs1">Millar, Jamie (1 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fashionbeans.com/2016/complete-guide-mens-dress-codes/">"The Complete Guide to Men's Dress Codes"</a>. <i>fashionbeans.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fashionbeans.com&rft.atitle=The+Complete+Guide+to+Men%27s+Dress+Codes&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.aulast=Millar&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fashionbeans.com%2F2016%2Fcomplete-guide-mens-dress-codes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorachMordock" class="citation book cs1">Korach, Myron; Mordock, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sm0TCk5fSpYC&pg=PA167"><i>Common Phrases: And Where They Come From</i></a>. Globe Pequot. pp. 167, 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59921-683-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59921-683-6"><bdi>978-1-59921-683-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Common+Phrases%3A+And+Where+They+Come+From&rft.pages=167%2C+182&rft.pub=Globe+Pequot&rft.isbn=978-1-59921-683-6&rft.aulast=Korach&rft.aufirst=Myron&rft.au=Mordock%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsm0TCk5fSpYC%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAytoSimpson2010" class="citation book cs1">Ayto, John; Simpson, John (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KT-cAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA296"><i>The Oxford dictionary of modern slang</i></a> (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 296. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923205-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923205-5"><bdi>978-0-19-923205-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+dictionary+of+modern+slang&rft.pages=296&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-923205-5&rft.aulast=Ayto&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Simpson%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKT-cAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollander1993" class="citation book cs1">Hollander, Anne (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CSItqzbG9nIC&pg=PA384"><i>Seeing through clothes</i></a> (1. California paperback printing ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 384. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08231-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08231-1"><bdi>978-0-520-08231-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seeing+through+clothes&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=384&rft.edition=1.+California+paperback+printing&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-520-08231-1&rft.aulast=Hollander&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCSItqzbG9nIC%26pg%3DPA384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henry_Poole-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Henry_Poole_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://henrypoole.com/hp/history-of-henry-poole-tailor-of-savile-row/the-tuxedo">"The Tuxedo - Henry Poole"</a>. <i>henrypoole.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=henrypoole.com&rft.atitle=The+Tuxedo+-+Henry+Poole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhenrypoole.com%2Fhp%2Fhistory-of-henry-poole-tailor-of-savile-row%2Fthe-tuxedo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131108053935/http://blog.blacktieguide.com/2013/11/08/tuxedo-origins-english-beginnings/">"Tuxedo Origins: English Beginnings"</a>. <i>Black Tie Blog</i>. 14 November 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.blacktieguide.com/2013/11/08/tuxedo-origins-english-beginnings/">the original</a> on 8 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Blog&rft.atitle=Tuxedo+Origins%3A+English+Beginnings&rft.date=2018-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.blacktieguide.com%2F2013%2F11%2F08%2Ftuxedo-origins-english-beginnings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Safire_436-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Safire_436_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Safire_436_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafire1985" class="citation magazine cs1">Safire, William (5 May 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/05/05/magazine/on-language-come-as-you-are.html">"On Language; Come as You Are"</a>. <i>The New York Times Magazine</i>. p. 436<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=On+Language%3B+Come+as+You+Are&rft.pages=436&rft.date=1985-05-05&rft.aulast=Safire&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F05%2F05%2Fmagazine%2Fon-language-come-as-you-are.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/04-Victorian_Late_Etiquette_&_DJ.htm">"History: Late Victorian Era"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=History%3A+Late+Victorian+Era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FHistory%2F04-Victorian_Late_Etiquette_%26_DJ.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/06-Edwardian.htm">"History: Edwardian Era"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=History%3A+Edwardian+Era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FHistory%2F06-Edwardian.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/07-Jazz_Age.htm">"History: Jazz Age"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=History%3A+Jazz+Age&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FHistory%2F07-Jazz_Age.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/08-Depression_Era.htm">"History: Depression Era"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=History%3A+Depression+Era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FHistory%2F08-Depression_Era.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wright_USAF_Ret._202-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wright_USAF_Ret._202_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wright_USAF_Ret._202_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright_USAF_(Ret.)2014" class="citation book cs1">Wright USAF (Ret.), Col. Stephen E. (15 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KpHyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA202"><i>Air Force Officer's Guide: 36th Edition</i></a>. Stackpole Books. p. 202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780811713771" title="Special:BookSources/9780811713771"><bdi>9780811713771</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+Force+Officer%27s+Guide%3A+36th+Edition&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2014-07-15&rft.isbn=9780811713771&rft.aulast=Wright+USAF+%28Ret.%29&rft.aufirst=Col.+Stephen+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKpHyAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/09-Post_War.htm">"History: Postwar Period"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=History%3A+Postwar+Period&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FHistory%2F09-Post_War.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/10-Jet_Age.htm">"History: Jet Age"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=History%3A+Jet+Age&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FHistory%2F10-Jet_Age.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/11-Counterculture.htm">"History: Counterculture Era"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=History%3A+Counterculture+Era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FHistory%2F11-Counterculture.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/14-Millennium.htm">"Millennial Era: Black Tie Optional"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=Millennial+Era%3A+Black+Tie+Optional&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FHistory%2F14-Millennium.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110054415/http://blog.blacktieguide.com/2013/11/10/tuxedo-origins-the-tailless-dress-coat-puzzle/">"Tuxedo Origins: The Tailless Tailcoat Puzzle"</a>. <i>Black Tie Blog</i>. 14 November 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.blacktieguide.com/2013/11/10/tuxedo-origins-the-tailless-dress-coat-puzzle//">the original</a> on 10 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Blog&rft.atitle=Tuxedo+Origins%3A+The+Tailless+Tailcoat+Puzzle&rft.date=2018-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.blacktieguide.com%2F2013%2F11%2F10%2Ftuxedo-origins-the-tailless-dress-coat-puzzle%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">reprinted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sagaofamericanso008728mbp">"The Saga Of American Society: A Record Of Social Aspiration 1607–1937"</a>. Charles Scribner's Sons. 1937.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Saga+Of+American+Society%3A+A+Record+Of+Social+Aspiration+1607%E2%80%931937&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1937&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsagaofamericanso008728mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tpfyi.com/events/JES-PRINCE%20&%20MRS.%20POTTER003.pdf">"The Prince and Mrs. Potter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tuxedo Park FYI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130502070733/http://www.tpfyi.com/events/JES-PRINCE%20&%20MRS.%20POTTER003.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Prince+and+Mrs.+Potter&rft.pub=Tuxedo+Park+FYI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tpfyi.com%2Fevents%2FJES-PRINCE%2520%26%2520MRS.%2520POTTER003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131114060149/http://blog.blacktieguide.com/2013/11/14/tuxedo-origins-formal-sundries/">"Tuxedo Origins: Formal Sundries"</a>. <i>Black Tie Blog</i>. 14 November 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.blacktieguide.com/2013/11/14/tuxedo-origins-formal-sundries/">the original</a> on 14 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Blog&rft.atitle=Tuxedo+Origins%3A+Formal+Sundries&rft.date=2018-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.blacktieguide.com%2F2013%2F11%2F14%2Ftuxedo-origins-formal-sundries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131112055851/http://blog.blacktieguide.com/2013/11/12/tuxedo-origins-american-backlash/">"Tuxedo Origins: American Backlash"</a>. <i>Black Tie Blog</i>. 14 November 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.blacktieguide.com/2013/11/12/tuxedo-origins-american-backlash/">the original</a> on 12 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Blog&rft.atitle=Tuxedo+Origins%3A+American+Backlash&rft.date=2018-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.blacktieguide.com%2F2013%2F11%2F12%2Ftuxedo-origins-american-backlash%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/06-Edwardian.htm">"History: Edwardian Era"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=History%3A+Edwardian+Era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FHistory%2F06-Edwardian.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blacktieguide-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blacktieguide_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blacktieguide_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140722114214/http://blog.blacktieguide.com/2014/03/06/spotlight-the-notched-lapel/">"Spotlight: The Notched Lapel"</a>. <i>Black Tie Blog</i>. 6 March 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.blacktieguide.com/2014/03/06/spotlight-the-notched-lapel/">the original</a> on 22 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Blog&rft.atitle=Spotlight%3A+The+Notched+Lapel&rft.date=2014-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.blacktieguide.com%2F2014%2F03%2F06%2Fspotlight-the-notched-lapel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/08-Depression_Era.htm">"History: Depression Era"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=History%3A+Depression+Era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FHistory%2F08-Depression_Era.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/09-Post_War.htm">"History: Postwar Period"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=History%3A+Postwar+Period&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FHistory%2F09-Post_War.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blacktieguide2-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-blacktieguide2_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/10-Jet_Age.htm">"History: Jet Age"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=History%3A+Jet+Age&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FHistory%2F10-Jet_Age.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/11-Counterculture.htm">"History: Counter-culture Era"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=History%3A+Counter-culture+Era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FHistory%2F11-Counterculture.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/13-Yuppie_Pt2.htm">"History: Yuppie Years"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=History%3A+Yuppie+Years&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FHistory%2F13-Yuppie_Pt2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/14-Millennium.htm">"History: Millennial Era"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=History%3A+Millennial+Era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FHistory%2F14-Millennium.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/tuxedo-black-tie-guide/classic/off-white-dinner-jacket/">"Off White Dinner Jacket Warm-Weather Black Tie"</a>. 29 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Off+White+Dinner+Jacket+Warm-Weather+Black+Tie&rft.date=2018-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gentlemansgazette.com%2Ftuxedo-black-tie-guide%2Fclassic%2Foff-white-dinner-jacket%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BTG_tuxedo-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BTG_tuxedo_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTG_tuxedo_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/Classic/Classic_Tuxedos.htm">"Classic Black Tie: Tuxedos (Dinner Suits)"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=Classic+Black+Tie%3A+Tuxedos+%28Dinner+Suits%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FClassic%2FClassic_Tuxedos.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/tuxedo-black-tie-guide/classic/tuxedo-dinner-suit/">"Classic Tuxedo"</a>. 27 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Classic+Tuxedo&rft.date=2018-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gentlemansgazette.com%2Ftuxedo-black-tie-guide%2Fclassic%2Ftuxedo-dinner-suit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BTG_shirts-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BTG_shirts_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTG_shirts_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTG_shirts_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/Classic/Classic_Shirts.htm">"Classic Black Tie: Shirts"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=Classic+Black+Tie%3A+Shirts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FClassic%2FClassic_Shirts.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-12-16/how-to-wear-a-tuxedo-ten-easy-rules-for-black-tie-events">"The 10 Commandments of the Tuxedo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i>. 16 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=The+10+Commandments+of+the+Tuxedo&rft.date=2016-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2016-12-16%2Fhow-to-wear-a-tuxedo-ten-easy-rules-for-black-tie-events&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P5cnAQAAIAAJ">"Esquire: The Magazine for Men"</a>. 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Esquire%3A+The+Magazine+for+Men&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP5cnAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntongiavanni2006" class="citation book cs1">Antongiavanni, Nicholas (2006). <i>The Suit: A Machiavellian Approach to Men's Style</i>. New York: Harper Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780060891862" title="Special:BookSources/9780060891862"><bdi>9780060891862</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Suit%3A+A+Machiavellian+Approach+to+Men%27s+Style&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780060891862&rft.aulast=Antongiavanni&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emilypost.com/advice/attire-guide-dress-codes-from-casual-to-white-tie/">"Attire Guide: Dress Codes from Casual to White Tie"</a>. The Emily Post Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Attire+Guide%3A+Dress+Codes+from+Casual+to+White+Tie&rft.pub=The+Emily+Post+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femilypost.com%2Fadvice%2Fattire-guide-dress-codes-from-casual-to-white-tie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110310070809/https://www.law.indiana.edu/students/activities/barrister/doc/black_tie_101_20110120.pdf">"Black Tie 101"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Indiana University Bloomington. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.indiana.edu/students/activities/barrister/doc/black_tie_101_20110120.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+Tie+101&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Bloomington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw.indiana.edu%2Fstudents%2Factivities%2Fbarrister%2Fdoc%2Fblack_tie_101_20110120.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/Classic/Warm_Weather.htm">"Classic Black Tie: Warm-Weather Black Tie"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=Classic+Black+Tie%3A+Warm-Weather+Black+Tie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FClassic%2FWarm_Weather.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:6_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyse2015" class="citation book cs1">Wyse, Elizabeth (2015). <i>Debrett's Handbook</i>. London, United Kingdom: Debrett's Limited. p. 188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9929348-1-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9929348-1-1"><bdi>978-0-9929348-1-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debrett%27s+Handbook&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=Debrett%27s+Limited&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-9929348-1-1&rft.aulast=Wyse&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160605191225/http://www.blacktieguide.com/Supplemental/Weddings.htm">"Supplemental: Formal Weddings"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/Supplemental/Weddings.htm">the original</a> on 5 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=Supplemental%3A+Formal+Weddings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FSupplemental%2FWeddings.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119162643/http://www.debretts.co.uk/etiquette/special-occasions/dress-codes/black-tie.aspx">"Special occasions – dress codes – black-tie"</a>. Debretts. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.co.uk/etiquette/special-occasions/dress-codes/black-tie.aspx">the original</a> on 19 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+occasions+%E2%80%93+dress+codes+%E2%80%93+black-tie&rft.pub=Debretts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.co.uk%2Fetiquette%2Fspecial-occasions%2Fdress-codes%2Fblack-tie.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/Classic/Classic_Waist.htm">"Classic Black Tie: Waist Coverings"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=Classic+Black+Tie%3A+Waist+Coverings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FClassic%2FClassic_Waist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayton2016" class="citation book cs1">Clayton, Nicholas (21 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-OocDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT117"><i>A Butler's Guide to Gentlemen's Grooming</i></a>. Pavilion Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849944144" title="Special:BookSources/9781849944144"><bdi>9781849944144</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Butler%27s+Guide+to+Gentlemen%27s+Grooming&rft.pub=Pavilion+Books&rft.date=2016-07-21&rft.isbn=9781849944144&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-OocDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Adlerstein2007" class="citation book cs1">von Adlerstein, Marion (2 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwnGDuQIad8C&pg=PT204"><i>The Penguin Book Of Etiquette</i></a>. Penguin UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857967800" title="Special:BookSources/9780857967800"><bdi>9780857967800</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+Book+Of+Etiquette&rft.pub=Penguin+UK&rft.date=2007-04-02&rft.isbn=9780857967800&rft.aulast=von+Adlerstein&rft.aufirst=Marion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZwnGDuQIad8C%26pg%3DPT204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/Classic/Classic_Alternatives.htm">"Black Tie Guide | Classic Alternatives"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=Black+Tie+Guide+%7C+Classic+Alternatives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FClassic%2FClassic_Alternatives.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gavernas, Mary Lisa, <i>The Fairchild Encyclopedia of Menswear</i>, Fairchild Publications, New York, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlusser2002" class="citation book cs1">Flusser, Alan (2002). <i>Dressing the Man</i>. United States: HarperCollins Publishers. p. 249. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0060191443" title="Special:BookSources/978-0060191443"><bdi>978-0060191443</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dressing+the+Man&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=249&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0060191443&rft.aulast=Flusser&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/White_Tie/White_Tie_Shirt.htm">"White Tie: Shirt"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=White+Tie%3A+Shirt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FWhite_Tie%2FWhite_Tie_Shirt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/Classic/Classic_Accessories.htm">"Classic Accessories"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=Classic+Accessories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FClassic%2FClassic_Accessories.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/Classic/Classic_Footwear.htm">"Classic Black Tie: Footwear"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=Classic+Black+Tie%3A+Footwear&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FClassic%2FClassic_Footwear.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyse2015" class="citation book cs1">Wyse, Elizabeth (2015). <i>Debrett's Handbook</i>. London, United Kingdom: Debrett's Limited. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9929348-1-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9929348-1-1"><bdi>978-0-9929348-1-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debrett%27s+Handbook&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Debrett%27s+Limited&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-9929348-1-1&rft.aulast=Wyse&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/Contemporary/Contemp_Other.htm">"Contemporary: Other"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=Contemporary%3A+Other&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FContemporary%2FContemp_Other.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridgesCurtis2003" class="citation book cs1">Bridges, John; Curtis, Bryan (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gentlemangetsdre00brid"><i>A Gentleman Gets Dressed Up</i></a></span>. Nashville, Tennessee, United States: Rutledge Hill Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gentlemangetsdre00brid/page/71">71</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1401604714" title="Special:BookSources/978-1401604714"><bdi>978-1401604714</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Gentleman+Gets+Dressed+Up&rft.place=Nashville%2C+Tennessee%2C+United+States&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Rutledge+Hill+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1401604714&rft.aulast=Bridges&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Curtis%2C+Bryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgentlemangetsdre00brid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHémard2010" class="citation web cs1">Hémard, Ned (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neworleansbar.org/docDownload/1885438">"New Orleans Nostalgia: Gardenias, Magnolias and Oleanders"</a>. <i>New Orleans Bar Association</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Orleans+Bar+Association&rft.atitle=New+Orleans+Nostalgia%3A+Gardenias%2C+Magnolias+and+Oleanders&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=H%C3%A9mard&rft.aufirst=Ned&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neworleansbar.org%2FdocDownload%2F1885438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/Classic/Classic_Outerwear.htm">"Classic Outerwear"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=Classic+Outerwear&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FClassic%2FClassic_Outerwear.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/Vintage/Vintage_Outerwear.htm">"Vintage: Outerwear"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=Vintage%3A+Outerwear&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FVintage%2FVintage_Outerwear.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/Vintage/Vintage_WarmWeather.htm">"Vintage: Warm Weather"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=Vintage%3A+Warm+Weather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FVintage%2FVintage_WarmWeather.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/tuxedo-black-tie-guide/vintage-evening-wear/outerwear-hats-frock-overcoat/">"Vintage Evening Outerwear"</a>. 4 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vintage+Evening+Outerwear&rft.date=2018-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gentlemansgazette.com%2Ftuxedo-black-tie-guide%2Fvintage-evening-wear%2Fouterwear-hats-frock-overcoat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyse2015" class="citation book cs1">Wyse, Elizabeth (2015). <i>Debrett's Handbook</i>. London, United Kingdom: Debrett's Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9929348-1-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9929348-1-1"><bdi>978-0-9929348-1-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debrett%27s+Handbook&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Debrett%27s+Limited&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-9929348-1-1&rft.aulast=Wyse&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacktieguide.com/Supplemental/Orders,Decorations.htm">"Supplemental: Decorations"</a>. <i>Black Tie Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Tie+Guide&rft.atitle=Supplemental%3A+Decorations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blacktieguide.com%2FSupplemental%2FOrders%2CDecorations.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart1997" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Marjabelle Young (15 April 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2mVC5EtaIJQC&pg=PA463"><i>The New Etiquette: Real Manners for Real People in Real Situations</i></a>. Macmillan. p. 463. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312156022" title="Special:BookSources/9780312156022"><bdi>9780312156022</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Etiquette%3A+Real+Manners+for+Real+People+in+Real+Situations&rft.pages=463&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1997-04-15&rft.isbn=9780312156022&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Marjabelle+Young&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2mVC5EtaIJQC%26pg%3DPA463&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2007" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, John (1 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pog2O7cUIc0C&pg=PA338"><i>Debrett's New Guide to Etiquette and Modern Manners: The Indispensable Handbook</i></a>. Macmillan. p. 338. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781429978286" title="Special:BookSources/9781429978286"><bdi>9781429978286</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debrett%27s+New+Guide+to+Etiquette+and+Modern+Manners%3A+The+Indispensable+Handbook&rft.pages=338&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2007-04-01&rft.isbn=9781429978286&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPog2O7cUIc0C%26pg%3DPA338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alexander-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alexander_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alexander_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander, Hilary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100213011145/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/labels/yvessaintlaurent/3347959/Smoke-without-fire.html">"Smoke Without Fire"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i> (12 December 2005).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iht-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iht_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iht_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suzy_Menkes" title="Suzy Menkes">Menkes, Suzy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/10/04/reports/Rysl.php">"A toast to Yves for 'le smoking<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"</a>. <i>The International Herald Tribune</i> (10 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060219130317/http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/10/04/reports/Rysl.php">Archived</a> 19 February 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-afp-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-afp_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afp_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sawf.org/Fashion/3148.aspx">"Paris honours the Tuxedo, Yves St. Laurent's fashion favourite"</a>. Agence France-Presse (3 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051221200246/http://news.sawf.org/Fashion/3148.aspx">Archived</a> 21 December 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dazed-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dazed_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207024440/http://dazeddigital.com/article/136/1/Le_Smoking">"Le Smoking"</a>. <i>Dazed Digital</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oxford-union.org&rft.atitle=Formal+Debates+-+the+Oxford+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxford-union.org%2Fdebates%2Fformal_debates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004537/http://dus.org.uk/friday-night-debates/">"Durham Union Society – Friday Night Debates"</a>. <i>dus.org.uk</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dus.org.uk&rft.atitle=Durham+Union+Society+%E2%80%93+Friday+Night+Debates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdus.org.uk%2Ffriday-night-debates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eventbrite-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eventbrite_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eventbrite.com/e/ucl-debating-society-foundation-dinner-2019-tickets-58660410868">"UCL Debating Society Foundation Dinner 2019 Tickets, Sat, Mar 23, 2019 at 6:30 PM"</a>. <i>Eventbrite</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eventbrite&rft.atitle=UCL+Debating+Society+Foundation+Dinner+2019+Tickets%2C+Sat%2C+Mar+23%2C+2019+at+6%3A30+PM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eventbrite.com%2Fe%2Fucl-debating-society-foundation-dinner-2019-tickets-58660410868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich2004" class="citation book cs1">Rich, Jonathan (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t4SWQk7vCskC&pg=PT193"><i>The Push Guide to Choosing a University</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Aeronautical+Society&rft.atitle=Black+Tie+Debate+and+Dinner+%281%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aerosociety.com%2Fevents-calendar%2Fblack-tie-debate-and-dinner-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxford University Conservative Association Termcard - Trinity Term 2023 - pg 10 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ouconservatives.com/termcard">https://www.ouconservatives.com/termcard</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUllah2022" class="citation web cs1">Ullah, Emaan (9 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.varsity.co.uk/opinion/23049">"Port and witty debate? More like port and shitty debate"</a>. <i>Varsity Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Varsity+Online&rft.atitle=Port+and+witty+debate%3F+More+like+port+and+shitty+debate&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft.aulast=Ullah&rft.aufirst=Emaan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.varsity.co.uk%2Fopinion%2F23049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yusu.org/activities/view/york-tories">"Conservative & Unionist Association (York Tories)"</a>. <i>University of York Students' Union</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nottingham+Tab&rft.atitle=Port+and+Policy%3A+A+night+of+debauchery+with+the+Conservative+society&rft.date=2016-02-25&rft.aulast=Archer&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthetab.com%2Fuk%2Fnottingham%2F2016%2F02%2F25%2Fport-policy-tory-students-like-party-30395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.protocolprofessionals.com/tips_opera.htm">"Protocol Professionals, Inc. - Opera Protocol Tips"</a>. <i>protocolprofessionals.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=protocolprofessionals.com&rft.atitle=Protocol+Professionals%2C+Inc.+-+Opera+Protocol+Tips&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.protocolprofessionals.com%2Ftips_opera.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/etiquette/special-occasions/event-etiquette/opera.aspx">"Opera Etiquette"</a>. <i>Debrett's</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Debrett%27s&rft.atitle=Opera+Etiquette&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fetiquette%2Fspecial-occasions%2Fevent-etiquette%2Fopera.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShowker2010" class="citation book cs1">Showker, Kay (25 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s8ZCkCPezAUC&pg=PA117"><i>The Unofficial Guide to Cruises</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-63721-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-63721-0"><bdi>978-0-470-63721-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Barnes & Noble. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56731-629-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56731-629-2"><bdi>978-1-56731-629-2</bdi></a>. p. 210: <q>First and foremost, there's only one woman at a wedding who should be wearing a white dress. After that basic rule, follow the invitation. Weddings before 6:00 P.M. are not usually black tie unless specified. However, this doesn't mean that you should wear your office attire.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=21st+century+etiquette%3A+a+guide+to+manners+for+the+modern+age&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-56731-629-2&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft.au=DeMontravel%2C+Jacqueline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140405062500/http://www.debretts.com/weddings/bridal-and-dress-codes/dress-codes/male-dress-codes">"Male Dress Codes"</a>. <i>Debrett's</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/weddings/bridal-and-dress-codes/dress-codes/male-dress-codes">the original</a> on 5 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Debrett%27s&rft.atitle=Male+Dress+Codes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fweddings%2Fbridal-and-dress-codes%2Fdress-codes%2Fmale-dress-codes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magazines">Magazines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Magazines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apparel_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Apparel Arts">Apparel Arts</a></i> magazine, an account of 1930s fashion and style; some issues more relevant than others, such as those reproduced with comment at <i>The London Lounge</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thelondonlounge.net/gl/forum/viewtopic.php?t=5526">Vol II. No. II</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724100846/http://thelondonlounge.net/gl/forum/viewtopic.php?t=5526">Archived</a> 24 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thelondonlounge.net/gl/forum/viewtopic.php?t=244">Vol I. No. III</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101022/http://thelondonlounge.net/gl/forum/viewtopic.php?t=244">Archived</a> 24 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>(numbering: </i>London Lounge<i>, not original)</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmies2013" class="citation book cs1">Amies, Hardy (2013). <i>The Englishman's Suit</i>. London: Quartet Books Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7043-7169-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7043-7169-9"><bdi>978-0-7043-7169-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Englishman%27s+Suit&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Quartet+Books+Ltd&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-7043-7169-9&rft.aulast=Amies&rft.aufirst=Hardy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntongiavanni2006" class="citation book cs1">Antongiavanni, Nicholas (2006). <i>The Suit: A Machiavellian Approach to Men's Style</i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-089186-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-089186-2"><bdi>978-0-06-089186-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Suit%3A+A+Machiavellian+Approach+to+Men%27s+Style&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-06-089186-2&rft.aulast=Antongiavanni&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyer2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G._Bruce_Boyer" title="G. Bruce Boyer">Boyer, G. Bruce</a> (2015). <i>True Style: The History and Principles of Classic Menswear</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780465053995" title="Special:BookSources/9780465053995"><bdi>9780465053995</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=True+Style%3A+The+History+and+Principles+of+Classic+Menswear&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780465053995&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=G.+Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonald1981" class="citation book cs1">Donald, Elsie, ed. (1981). <i>Debrett's Etiquette and Modern Manners</i>. London: Debrett's Peerage Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-905649-43-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-905649-43-6"><bdi>978-0-905649-43-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debrett%27s+Etiquette+and+Modern+Manners&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Debrett%27s+Peerage+Limited&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-905649-43-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlusser2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Flusser" title="Alan Flusser">Flusser, Alan</a> (2002). <i>Dressing the Man: Mastering the art of Permanent Fashion</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-019144-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-019144-3"><bdi>978-0-06-019144-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dressing+the+Man%3A+Mastering+the+art+of+Permanent+Fashion&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-06-019144-3&rft.aulast=Flusser&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlusser2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Flusser" title="Alan Flusser">Flusser, Alan</a> (2010). <i>Style and the Man</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0061976155" title="Special:BookSources/978-0061976155"><bdi>978-0061976155</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Style+and+the+Man&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0061976155&rft.aulast=Flusser&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHume2017" class="citation book cs1">Hume, Lucy (2017). <i>Debrett's Wedding Handbook</i>. <a href="/wiki/Debrett%27s" title="Debrett's">Debrett's Limited</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9929348-4-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9929348-4-2"><bdi>978-0-9929348-4-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debrett%27s+Wedding+Handbook&rft.pub=Debrett%27s+Limited&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-9929348-4-2&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeers1987" class="citation book cs1">Keers, Paul (1987). <i>A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man</i>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-79191-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-79191-1"><bdi>978-0-297-79191-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Gentleman%27s+Wardrobe%3A+Classic+Clothes+and+the+Modern+Man&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-297-79191-1&rft.aulast=Keers&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPostPost2014" class="citation book cs1">Post, Anna; Post, Lizzie (2014). <i>Emily Post's Wedding Etiquette</i> (6 ed.). New York: The Emily Post Institute, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-232610-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-232610-2"><bdi>978-0-06-232610-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emily+Post%27s+Wedding+Etiquette&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=The+Emily+Post+Institute%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-06-232610-2&rft.aulast=Post&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.au=Post%2C+Lizzie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPostPostPostPost_Senning2011" class="citation book cs1">Post, Peggy; Post, Anna; Post, Lizzie; Post Senning, Daniel (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/emilypostsetique00post_5"><i>Emily Post's Etiquette</i></a>. New York: The Emily Post Institute, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-174023-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-174023-7"><bdi>978-0-06-174023-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emily+Post%27s+Etiquette&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Emily+Post+Institute%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-06-174023-7&rft.aulast=Post&rft.aufirst=Peggy&rft.au=Post%2C+Anna&rft.au=Post%2C+Lizzie&rft.au=Post+Senning%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Femilypostsetique00post_5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoetzel2009" class="citation book cs1">Roetzel, Bernhard (2009). <i>Gentleman: A Timeless Guide to Fashion</i>. Cambridge: Tandem Verlag GmbH. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8331-5270-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8331-5270-2"><bdi>978-3-8331-5270-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gentleman%3A+A+Timeless+Guide+to+Fashion&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Tandem+Verlag+GmbH&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-8331-5270-2&rft.aulast=Roetzel&rft.aufirst=Bernhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider2017" class="citation book cs1">Schneider, Sven (2017). <i>Black Tie & Tuxedo Guide</i> (1 ed.). Saint Paul, Minnesota: Gentleman's Gazette LLC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Tie+%26+Tuxedo+Guide&rft.place=Saint+Paul%2C+Minnesota&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Gentleman%27s+Gazette+LLC&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Sven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorey2008" class="citation book cs1">Storey, Nicholas (2008). <i>History of Men's Fashion: What the Well-Dressed Man is Wearing</i>. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84468-037-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84468-037-5"><bdi>978-1-84468-037-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Men%27s+Fashion%3A+What+the+Well-Dressed+Man+is+Wearing&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Books+Ltd&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84468-037-5&rft.aulast=Storey&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuckermanDunnan1995" class="citation book cs1">Tuckerman, Nancy; Dunnan, Nancy (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amyvanderbiltcom0000tuck"><i>The Amy Vanderbilt Complete Book of Etiquette: 50th Anniversary Edition</i></a></span> (1 ed.). New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385413428" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385413428"><bdi>978-0-385413428</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amy+Vanderbilt+Complete+Book+of+Etiquette%3A+50th+Anniversary+Edition&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Bantam+Doubleday+Dell+Publishing+Group+Inc.&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-385413428&rft.aulast=Tuckerman&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.au=Dunnan%2C+Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famyvanderbiltcom0000tuck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyse2015" class="citation book cs1">Wyse, Elizabeth (2015). <i>Debrett's Handbook</i>. <a href="/wiki/Debrett%27s" title="Debrett's">Debrett's Limited</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9929348-1-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9929348-1-1"><bdi>978-0-9929348-1-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debrett%27s+Handbook&rft.pub=Debrett%27s+Limited&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-9929348-1-1&rft.aulast=Wyse&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Web_sites">Web sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Web sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emilypost.com/advice/attire-guide-dress-codes-from-casual-to-white-tie/">The Emily Post Institute</a> provides a breakdown of traditional categories of progressing formality in dress for men and women.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/british-etiquette/british-behaviour/h/dress-codes/black-tie">Debrett's</a> is the most prominent British authority on etiquette, which discusses the elements of black tie.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPullman" class="citation web cs1">Pullman, Nigel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverycompanies.info/fellowship-of-clerks/dinners/dress-codes.pdf">"Dress codes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Livery Companies of the City of London</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.liverycompanies.info/fellowship-of-clerks/dinners/dress-codes.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Livery+Companies+of+the+City+of+London&rft.atitle=Dress+codes&rft.aulast=Pullman&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverycompanies.info%2Ffellowship-of-clerks%2Fdinners%2Fdress-codes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPithers2018" class="citation web cs1">Pithers, Ellie (10 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/black-tie-dress-code">"Black-Tie Dress Code For Women"</a>. <i>Vogue</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vogue&rft.atitle=Black-Tie+Dress+Code+For+Women&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft.aulast=Pithers&rft.aufirst=Ellie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vogue.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fblack-tie-dress-code&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tie" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tie&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Black_tie_(dress_code)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Black tie (dress code)">Black tie (dress code)</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Weddings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Weddings" title="Template:Weddings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Weddings" title="Template talk:Weddings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Weddings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Weddings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Weddings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">Weddings</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_wedding" title="Collective wedding">Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elopement" title="Elopement">Elopement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handfasting" title="Handfasting">Handfasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wedding" title="White wedding">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-wedding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_proposal_planner" title="Marriage proposal planner">Marriage proposal planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_proposal" title="Marriage proposal">Marriage proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagement" title="Engagement">Engagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banns_of_marriage" title="Banns of marriage">Banns of marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_planner" title="Wedding planner">Wedding planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_registry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridal registry">Bridal registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_shower" title="Bridal shower">Bridal shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagement_party" title="Engagement party">Engagement party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_invitation" title="Wedding invitation">Wedding invitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_party" title="Bachelor party">Bachelor party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelorette_party" title="Bachelorette party">Bachelorette party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_and_doe" title="Stag and doe">Stag and doe party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_license" title="Marriage license">Marriage license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehearsal_dinner" title="Rehearsal dinner">Rehearsal dinner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_chapel" title="Wedding chapel">Wedding chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretna_Green#Marriage" title="Gretna Green">Gretna Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_weddings" title="Las Vegas weddings">Las Vegas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Western_dress_codes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western dress codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">White tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">Morning dress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">Black lounge suit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress" title="Wedding dress">Wedding dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western_wedding_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemporary Western wedding dress">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_crown" title="Bridal crown">Bridal crown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress" title="Dress">Dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening gown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">Ball gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9butante_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Débutante dress">Debutante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_gloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera gloves">Opera gloves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garter_(stockings)" class="mw-redirect" title="Garter (stockings)">Garters</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuppah" title="Chuppah">Chuppah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_arras" title="Las arras">Las arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebes_Gamikos" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebes Gamikos">Lebes Gamikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_cord" title="Wedding cord">Wedding cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_favors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding favors">Wedding favors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_mandap" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding mandap">Wedding mandap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_ring_cushion" title="Wedding ring cushion">Wedding ring cushion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishing_well_(wedding)" title="Wishing well (wedding)">Wishing well</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wedding_ceremony_participants" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wedding ceremony participants">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bride" title="Bride">Bride</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_child_brides" title="List of child brides">child bride</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridegroom" title="Bridegroom">Bridegroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_child_bridegrooms" title="List of child bridegrooms">child bridegroom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridesmaid" title="Bridesmaid">Bridesmaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridesman" title="Bridesman">Bridesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_girl" title="Flower girl">Flower girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groomsman" title="Groomsman">Groomsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_boy_(wedding_attendant)" title="Page boy (wedding attendant)">Page boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_officiant" title="Marriage officiant">Officiant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahesta_Bero" title="Ahesta Bero">Ahesta Bero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedding_ceremony" title="Bedding ceremony">Bedding ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_Chorus" title="Bridal Chorus">Bridal Chorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_dance" title="First dance">First dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Wedding_Blessing" title="Indian Wedding Blessing">"Indian" Wedding Blessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumping_the_broom" title="Jumping the broom">Jumping the broom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lychgate#Use_at_weddings" title="Lychgate">Lychgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_dance" title="Money dance">Money dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_music" title="Wedding music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polterabend" title="Polterabend">Polterabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pounded_rice_ritual" title="Pounded rice ritual">Pounded rice ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyebaek" title="Pyebaek">Pyebaek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trash_the_dress" title="Trash the dress">Trash the dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_candle" title="Unity candle">Unity candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walima" title="Walima">Walima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_March_(Mendelssohn)" title="Wedding March (Mendelssohn)">Wedding March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_photography" title="Wedding photography">Wedding photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_reception" title="Wedding reception">Wedding reception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_videography" title="Wedding videography">Wedding videography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food and drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_breakfast" title="Wedding breakfast">Wedding breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_cake" title="Wedding cake">Wedding cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_cake_topper" title="Wedding cake topper">Wedding cake topper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookie_table" title="Cookie table">Cookie table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groom%27s_cake" title="Groom's cake">Groom's cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochzeitssuppe" title="Hochzeitssuppe">Hochzeitssuppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_almonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan almonds">Jordan almonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolach_(bread)" title="Kolach (bread)">Kolach (bread)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korovai" title="Korovai">Korovai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loving_cup" title="Loving cup">Loving cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_card" title="Place card">Place card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By religion<br />or culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Karaj" title="Anand Karaj">Anand Karaj (Sikh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_wedding" title="Arab wedding">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayie" title="Ayie">Ayie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi_wedding" title="Ayyavazhi wedding">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu_wedding" title="Bengali Hindu wedding">Bengali Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslim_wedding" title="Bengali Muslim wedding">Bengali Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Malay_wedding" title="Brunei Malay wedding">Brunei Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese marriage">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_pre-wedding_customs" title="Chinese pre-wedding customs">Pre-wedding customs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_marriage" title="Hajong marriage">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marital_practices" title="Islamic marital practices">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyer_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Iyer wedding">Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabin" title="Qabin">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon wedding">Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_Hindu_wedding" title="Odia Hindu wedding">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian wedding">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poruwa_ceremony" title="Poruwa ceremony">Poruwa ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_wedding_traditions" title="Punjabi wedding traditions">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_wedding" title="Quaker wedding">Quaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasrani_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasrani wedding">Saint Thomas Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_wedding" title="Shinto wedding">Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timorese_wedding_traditions" title="Timorese wedding traditions">Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%91f%C3%A9ly" title="Vőfély">Vőfély (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_wedding" title="Zoroastrian wedding">Zoroastrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wedding_customs_by_country" title="Wedding customs by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_customs_in_Ethiopia" title="Wedding customs in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%91f%C3%A9ly" title="Vőfély">Vőfély (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_weddings" title="Icelandic weddings">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddings_in_India" title="Weddings in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddings_in_Myanmar" title="Weddings in Myanmar">Myanmar (Burma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Pakistan" title="Marriage in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines" title="Marriage and wedding customs in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wedding_traditions" title="Russian wedding traditions">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poruwa_ceremony" title="Poruwa ceremony">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_wedding_traditions" title="Ukrainian wedding traditions">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddings_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Weddings in the United States and Canada">United States and Canada</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_England_and_Wales" title="Marriage in England and Wales">England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Scotland" title="Marriage in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_marriage_in_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="History of marriage in Great Britain and Ireland">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_wedding" title="Traditional Vietnamese wedding">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Honeymoon" title="Honeymoon">Honeymoon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honeymoon_registry" title="Honeymoon registry">Honeymoon registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consummation" title="Consummation">Consummation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_wedding" title="Black wedding">Black wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elopement" title="Elopement">Elopement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_vows" title="Marriage vows">Marriage vows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlywed" title="Newlywed">Newlywed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_weddings" title="List of royal weddings">Royal weddings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-uniting_marriage" title="Self-uniting marriage">Self-uniting marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_wedding" title="Shotgun wedding">Shotgun wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knobstick_wedding" title="Knobstick wedding">Knobstick wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_anniversary" title="Wedding anniversary">Wedding anniversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_crashing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding crashing">Wedding crashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_vow_renewal_ceremony" title="Wedding vow renewal ceremony">Wedding vow renewal ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanless_wedding" title="Womanless wedding">Womanless wedding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parties_and_festivals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parties" title="Template:Parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parties" title="Template talk:Parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parties_and_festivals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party" title="Party">Parties</a> and <a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">festivals</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Sorted by occasions, purposes or attributes</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">Wedding</a>-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_party" title="Bachelor party">Bachelor party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelorette_party" title="Bachelorette party">Bachelorette party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_shower" title="Bridal shower">Bridal shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagement_party" title="Engagement party">Engagement party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_reception" title="Wedding reception">Wedding reception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Banquet" title="Banquet">Banquets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eid_cuisine" title="Eid cuisine">Eid cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_banquet" title="State banquet">State banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_(dance_event)" title="Ball (dance event)">Ball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debutante_ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Debutante ball">Debutante ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_ball" title="Hunt ball">Hunt ball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symposium" title="Symposium">Symposium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_party" title="House party">House parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_reunion" title="Family reunion">Family reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_party" title="Cocktail party">Cocktail party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housewarming_party" title="Housewarming party">Housewarming party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepover" title="Sleepover">Sleepover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAN_party" title="LAN party">LAN party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_houseparty" title="Political houseparty">Political houseparty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent_party" title="Rent party">Rent party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spring_break" title="Spring break">Spring break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mischief_Night" title="Mischief Night">Mischief Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_festival" title="Arts festival">Arts festival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_awards_seasons" title="Film awards seasons">Film awards seasons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_festival" title="Religious festival">Religious festival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feasts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Fools" title="Feast of Fools">Fools</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_festival" title="Food festival">Food festival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_festival" title="Beer festival">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_festival" title="Wine festival">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvest_festival" title="Harvest festival">Harvest festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_season_(United_Kingdom)" title="Social season (United Kingdom)">Social season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heortology" title="Heortology">Heortology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fair" title="Fair">Fairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World%27s_fair" title="World's fair">World's fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_fair" title="State fair">State fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_fair" class="mw-redirect" title="County fair">County fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_show" title="Trade show">Trade fair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picnic" title="Picnic">Picnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_party" title="Block party">Block party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subway_party" title="Subway party">Subway party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailgate_party" title="Tailgate party">Tailgate party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anniversary" title="Anniversary">Anniversary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee" title="Jubilee">Jubilee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremony" title="Ceremony">Ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's party">Children's party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baby_shower" title="Baby shower">Baby shower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_reunion" title="Class reunion">Class reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costume_party" title="Costume party">Costume party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masquerade_ball" title="Masquerade ball">Masqerade party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing_ball" title="Cross-dressing ball">Drag party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toga_party" title="Toga party">Toga party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_party" title="Naked party">Naked party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crayfish_party" title="Crayfish party">Crayfish party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuddle_party" title="Cuddle party">Cuddle party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_party" title="Dance party">Dance party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prom" title="Prom">Prom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homecoming" title="Homecoming">Homecoming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_party" title="Foam party">Foam party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_party" title="Hurricane party">Hurricane party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_party" title="Kitty party">Kitty party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamper_party" title="Pamper party">Pamper party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parade" title="Parade">Parade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marching" title="Marching">Marching</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_party" title="Pizza party">Pizza party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiet party">Quiet party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_light_party" title="Stop light party">Stop light party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_party" title="Tea party">Tea party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Western_dress_codes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western dress codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">White tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">Morning dress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">Black lounge suit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suit</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress" title="Wedding dress">Wedding dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western_wedding_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemporary Western wedding dress">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_crown" title="Bridal crown">Bridal crown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress" title="Dress">Dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening gown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">Ball gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9butante_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Débutante dress">Debutante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_glove" title="Evening glove">Opera gloves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garter" title="Garter">Garters</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balloon" title="Balloon">Balloon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balloon_modelling" title="Balloon modelling">Balloon modelling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confetti" title="Confetti">Confetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_candy" title="Cotton candy">Cotton candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deely_bobber" title="Deely bobber">Deely bobber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_(parade)" title="Float (parade)">Float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glow_stick" title="Glow stick">Glow stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groucho_glasses" title="Groucho glasses">Groucho glasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_hat" title="Party hat">Party hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_glasses" title="New Year's glasses">New Year's glasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_bus" title="Party bus">Party bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_horn" title="Party horn">Party horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_popper" title="Party popper">Party popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentine_streamer" title="Serpentine streamer">Serpentine streamer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/16px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/24px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Parties" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Parties">Media</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Parties" title="Category:Parties">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fashion_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fashion" title="Template:Fashion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fashion" title="Template talk:Fashion"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fashion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fashion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fashion_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Index_of_fashion_articles" title="Index of fashion articles">Index of fashion articles</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion" title="Environmental impact of fashion">Environmental impact of fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">Fashion accessory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">Fashion design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright" title="Fashion design copyright">Fashion design copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_matrix" title="Fashion matrix">Fashion matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_museum" title="Fashion museum">Fashion museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_plate" title="Fashion plate">Fashion plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_tourism" title="Fashion tourism">Fashion tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiotics_of_fashion" title="Semiotics of fashion">Semiotics of fashion</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valentino_evening_gown_for_Audrey_Hepburn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Valentino_evening_gown_for_Audrey_Hepburn.jpg/75px-Valentino_evening_gown_for_Audrey_Hepburn.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Valentino_evening_gown_for_Audrey_Hepburn.jpg/113px-Valentino_evening_gown_for_Audrey_Hepburn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Valentino_evening_gown_for_Audrey_Hepburn.jpg/150px-Valentino_evening_gown_for_Audrey_Hepburn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="1763" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_fashion_design" title="History of fashion design">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">History of clothing and textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion" title="History of Western fashion">History of Western fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fashion_design" title="History of fashion design">History of fashion design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">Timeline of clothing and textiles technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_century_in_fashion" title="19th century in fashion">19th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century_in_fashion" class="mw-redirect" title="21st century in fashion">21st century</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_fashion_events" title="List of fashion events">Events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_show" title="Fashion show">Fashion show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_week" title="Fashion week">Fashion week</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fashion_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashion industry">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fashion_awards" title="Category:Fashion awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">Clothing industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designer_clothing" title="Designer clothing">Designer clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_fashion" title="Digital fashion">Digital fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_blog" title="Fashion blog">Fashion blog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_capital" title="Fashion capital">Fashion capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_entrepreneur" title="Fashion entrepreneur">Fashion entrepreneur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_editor" title="Fashion editor">Fashion editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_forecasting" title="Fashion forecasting">Fashion forecasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_illustration" title="Fashion illustration">Fashion illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_influencer" title="Fashion influencer">Fashion influencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_journalism" title="Fashion journalism">Fashion journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_law" title="Fashion law">Fashion law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_photography" title="Fashion photography">Fashion photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_merchandising" title="Fashion merchandising">Fashion merchandising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_fashion" title="Fast fashion">Fast fashion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_fashion_in_China" title="Fast fashion in China">in China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_carpet_fashion" title="Red carpet fashion">Red carpet fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_fashion_industry" title="Social media in the fashion industry">Social media in the fashion industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweatshop" title="Sweatshop">Sweatshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trickle-up_fashion" title="Trickle-up fashion">Trickle-up fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trickle-down_fashion" title="Trickle-down fashion">Trickle-down fashion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional<br />clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dress" title="Ceremonial dress">Ceremonial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_dress" title="Court dress">Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform" title="Diplomatic uniform">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dress" title="Academic dress">Academic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full_dress_uniform" title="Full dress uniform">Full</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform" title="Mess dress uniform">Mess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_dress_uniform" title="Service dress uniform">Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_suit" title="Sailor suit">Sailor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_uniform" title="Combat uniform">Combat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western dress codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">Morning dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">White tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">Ball gown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">Black lounge suit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening gown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsuit" title="Pantsuit">Pantsuit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_clothing" title="Religious clothing">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_clothing" title="Christian clothing">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing" title="Jewish religious clothing">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fashion" title="Islamic fashion">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modest_fashion" title="Modest fashion">Modest fashion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Smart_casual" title="Smart casual">Smart casual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_country_clothing" title="British country clothing">British country clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_casual" title="Business casual">Business casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chic" title="Chic">Chic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_collection" title="Cruise collection">Cruise collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preppy" title="Preppy">Preppy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_League_(clothes)" title="Ivy League (clothes)">Ivy League</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_(subculture)" title="Mod (subculture)">Mod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloane_Ranger" title="Sloane Ranger">Sloane Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_Boys" title="Teddy Boys">Teddy Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_fogey" title="Young fogey">Young fogey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Street_fashion" class="mw-redirect" title="Street fashion">Street fashion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Streetwear" title="Streetwear">Streetwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion" title="Hip hop fashion">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie#Art_and_fashion" title="Hippie">Hippie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)" title="Hipster (contemporary subculture)">Hipster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportswear" title="Sportswear">Sportswear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleisure" title="Athleisure">Athleisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorpcore" title="Gorpcore">Gorpcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)" title="Sportswear (fashion)">Sportswear fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfwear" class="mw-redirect" title="Surfwear">Surfwear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_fabulous" title="Ghetto fabulous">Ghetto fabulous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bling-bling" title="Bling-bling">Bling-bling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_clothing" title="Vintage clothing">Vintage fashion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_fashion" title="Alternative fashion">Alternative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgyny_in_fashion" title="Androgyny in fashion">Androgyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_style" title="Bohemian style">Bohemian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetish_fashion" title="Fetish fashion">Fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fashion" title="Gothic fashion">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolita_fashion" title="Lolita fashion">Lolita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_fashion" title="Queer fashion">Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skinhead" title="Skinhead">Skinhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk_fashion" title="Steampunk fashion">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrift_store_chic" title="Thrift store chic">Thrift store chic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocker_(subculture)" title="Rocker (subculture)">Rocker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greaser_(subculture)" title="Greaser (subculture)">Greaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">Glam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge_fashion" title="Grunge fashion">Grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_fashion" title="Heavy metal fashion">Heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_fashion" title="Punk fashion">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skate_punk" title="Skate punk">Skate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">American fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_fashion" title="Canadian fashion">Canadian fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_fashion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese fashion">Chinese fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashion in the Philippines">Filipino fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fashion" title="French fashion">French fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_fashion" title="German fashion">German fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_India" title="Fashion in India">Indian fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_Iran" title="Fashion in Iran">Iranian fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_fashion" title="Israeli fashion">Israeli fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fashion" title="Italian fashion">Italian fashion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion" title="History of Italian fashion">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_street_fashion" title="Japanese street fashion">Japanese fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_Nigeria" title="Fashion in Nigeria">Nigerian fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fashion" title="Russian fashion">Russian fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_South_Korea" title="Fashion in South Korea">South Korean fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_fashion" title="Swedish fashion">Swedish fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thai_clothing" title="History of Thai clothing">Thai fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing" title="Vietnamese clothing">Vietnamese clothing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fashion_activism" title="Fashion activism">Fashion activism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fashion" title="Anti-fashion">Anti-fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-sweatshop_movement" title="Anti-sweatshop movement">Anti-sweatshop movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_fashion" title="Circular fashion">Circular fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_sustainability_of_vintage_fashion" title="Environmental sustainability of vintage fashion">Environmental sustainability of vintage fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_consumerism" title="Ethical consumerism">Ethical consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade_certification" title="Fair trade certification">Fair trade certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fashion" title="Sustainable fashion">Sustainable fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_fashion" title="Slow fashion">Slow fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_recycling" title="Textile recycling">Textile recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trashion" title="Trashion">Trashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion" title="Zero-waste fashion">Zero-waste fashion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_and_fashion" title="Ballet and fashion">Ballet and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsule_wardrobe" title="Capsule wardrobe">Capsule wardrobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie_in_fashion" title="Chinoiserie in fashion">Chinoiserie in fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress code</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undress_code" title="Undress code">Undress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_victim" title="Fashion victim">Fashion victim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genderless_fashion_in_Japan" title="Genderless fashion in Japan">Genderless fashion in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">Tattoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/32px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/48px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/64px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="490" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Fashion" title="Portal:Fashion">Fashion portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Clothing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clothing" title="Template:Clothing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clothing" title="Template talk:Clothing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Clothing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">Clothing</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_technology" title="Clothing technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_terminology" title="Clothing terminology">Terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Headgear" title="Headgear">Headwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beret" title="Beret">Beret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap" title="Cap">Cap</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_cap" title="Flat cap">flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knit_cap" title="Knit cap">knit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat" title="Hat">Hat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boater" title="Boater">boater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">bowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedora" title="Fedora">fedora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homburg_hat" title="Homburg hat">homburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_hat" title="Top hat">top</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet" title="Helmet">Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_(headgear)" title="Hood (headgear)">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerchief" title="Kerchief">Kerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mask" title="Mask">Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">Turban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veil" title="Veil">Veil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neckwear" class="mw-redirect" title="Neckwear">Neckwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)" title="Bands (neckwear)">Bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choker" title="Choker">Choker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_(clothing)" title="Collar (clothing)">Collar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_collar" title="Clerical collar">Clerical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pussy_bow" title="Pussy bow">Lavallière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neckerchief" title="Neckerchief">Neckerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_gaiter" title="Neck gaiter">Neck gaiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necktie" title="Necktie">Necktie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascot_tie" title="Ascot tie">ascot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_tie" title="Bow tie">bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipper_tie" title="Kipper tie">kipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_tie" title="School tie">school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_tie" title="Stock tie">stock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarf" title="Scarf">Scarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tippet" title="Tippet">Tippet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Top_(clothing)" title="Top (clothing)">Tops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blouse" title="Blouse">Blouse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cache-c%C5%93ur" title="Cache-cœur">cache-cœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_top" title="Crop top">crop top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halterneck" title="Halterneck">halterneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_top" title="Tube top">tube top</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_jersey" title="Cycling jersey">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurta" title="Kurta">Kurta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)" title="Mantle (clothing)">Mantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirt" title="Shirt">Shirt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_shirt" title="Dress shirt">dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley_shirt" title="Henley shirt">Henley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_shirt" title="Polo shirt">polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt" title="Sleeveless shirt">sleeveless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_neck" title="Crew neck">crew neck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater" title="Sweater">Sweater</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)" title="Cardigan (sweater)">cardigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)" title="Guernsey (clothing)">guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodie" title="Hoodie">hoodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey (clothing)">jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_neck" title="Polo neck">polo neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)" title="Shrug (clothing)">shrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater_vest" title="Sweater vest">sweater vest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twinset" title="Twinset">twinset</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waistcoat" title="Waistcoat">Waistcoat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">Trousers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell-bottoms" title="Bell-bottoms">Bell-bottoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondage_pants" title="Bondage pants">Bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capri_pants" title="Capri pants">Capri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_pants" title="Cargo pants">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaps" title="Chaps">Chaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_trousers" title="Formal trousers">Formal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-to-hell_pants" title="Go-to-hell pants">Go-to-hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)" title="High-rise (fashion)">High water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)" title="Low-rise (fashion)">Lowrise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans">Jeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpurs" title="Jodhpurs">Jodhpurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overalls" title="Overalls">Overalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_pants" title="Palazzo pants">Palazzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachute_pants" title="Parachute pants">Parachute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_pushers" title="Pedal pushers">Pedal pushers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phat_pants" title="Phat pants">Phat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorts" title="Shorts">Shorts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_shorts" title="Bermuda shorts">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_shorts" title="Cycling shorts">cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_shorts" title="Dolphin shorts">dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gym_shorts" title="Gym shorts">gym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotpants" title="Hotpants">hotpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_shorts" title="Running shorts">running</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slim-fit_pants" title="Slim-fit pants">Slim-fit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweatpants" title="Sweatpants">Sweatpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windpants" class="mw-redirect" title="Windpants">Windpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_pants" title="Yoga pants">Yoga pants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skirt" title="Skirt">Skirts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-line_(clothing)" title="A-line (clothing)">A-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballerina_skirt" title="Ballerina skirt">Ballerina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denim_skirt" title="Denim skirt">Denim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_skirts" title="Men's skirts">Men's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniskirt" title="Miniskirt">Miniskirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencil_skirt" title="Pencil skirt">Pencil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_skirt" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie skirt">Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rah-rah_skirt" title="Rah-rah skirt">Rah-rah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">Sarong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skort" title="Skort">Skort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)" title="Tutu (clothing)">Tutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_(clothing)" title="Wrap (clothing)">Wrap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suits</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Uniform" title="Uniform">uniforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dress" title="Ceremonial dress">Ceremonial dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dress" title="Academic dress">academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_dress" title="Court dress">court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform" title="Diplomatic uniform">diplomatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpuri" title="Jodhpuri">Jodhpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumpsuit" title="Jumpsuit">Jumpsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full_dress_uniform" title="Full dress uniform">full</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform" title="Mess dress uniform">mess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_dress_uniform" title="Service dress uniform">service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_suit" title="Sailor suit">sailor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_uniform" title="Combat uniform">combat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsuit" title="Pantsuit">Pantsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_uniform" title="Political uniform">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_clothing" title="Religious clothing">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">cassock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_clothing" title="Clerical clothing">clerical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">vestment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_uniform" title="School uniform">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_uniform" title="Prison uniform">Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workwear" title="Workwear">Workwear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boilersuit" title="Boilersuit">boilersuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanroom_suit" title="Cleanroom suit">cleanroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazmat_suit" title="Hazmat suit">hazmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_suit" title="Space suit">space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrubs_(clothing)" title="Scrubs (clothing)">scrubs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress" title="Dress">Dresses</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Gown" title="Gown">gowns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formal, semi-<br />formal, informal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backless_dress" title="Backless dress">Backless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouffant_gown" title="Bouffant gown">Bouffant gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatdress" title="Coatdress">Coatdress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_black_dress" title="Little black dress">little black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">ball gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debutante_dress" title="Debutante dress">debutante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_dress" title="Prairie dress">Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_line" title="Princess line">Princess line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapless_dress" title="Strapless dress">Strapless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress" title="Wedding dress">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_dress" title="Wrap dress">Wrap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Casual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_dress" title="House dress">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumper_(dress)" title="Jumper (dress)">Jumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romper_suit" title="Romper suit">Romper suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheath_dress" title="Sheath dress">Sheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirtdress" title="Shirtdress">Shirtdress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_dress" title="Slip dress">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundress" title="Sundress">Sundress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coat" title="Coat">Coats</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_outerwear" title="List of outerwear">outerwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Overcoats" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overcoat" title="Overcoat">Overcoats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_coat" title="Car coat">Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_coat" title="Chesterfield coat">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covert_coat" title="Covert coat">Covert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffel_coat" title="Duffel coat">Duffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duster_(clothing)" title="Duster (clothing)">Duster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatcoat" title="Greatcoat">Greatcoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Warm" title="British Warm">British Warm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Coat" title="Guards Coat">Guards Coat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greca_(clothing)" title="Greca (clothing)">Greca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-frock_coat" title="Over-frock coat">Over-frock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riding_coat" title="Riding coat">Riding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadbelly" title="Shadbelly">shadbelly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_coat" title="Trench coat">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_coat" title="Ulster coat">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloak" title="Cloak">Cloak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opera_cloak" title="Opera cloak">opera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paletot" title="Paletot">Paletot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pea_coat" title="Pea coat">Pea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_coat" title="Polo coat">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raincoat" title="Raincoat">Raincoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackintosh" title="Mackintosh">Mackintosh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suit coats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frock_coat" title="Frock coat">Frock coat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bekishe" title="Bekishe">bekishe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekel" title="Rekel">rekel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_jacket" title="Mess jacket">Mess jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_jacket" title="Suit jacket">Suit jacket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blazer" title="Blazer">Blazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_jacket" title="Smoking jacket">smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_coat" title="Sport coat">sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teba_jacket" title="Teba jacket">Teba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailcoat" title="Tailcoat">Tailcoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_tie#Dress_coat" title="White tie">dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress#Morning_coat" title="Morning dress">morning</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apron" title="Apron">Apron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinafore" title="Pinafore">pinafore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blouson" title="Blouson">Blouson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagoule" title="Cagoule">Cagoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape" title="Cape">Cape</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferraiolo" title="Ferraiolo">ferraiolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_cape" title="Inverness cape">Inverness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)" title="Mantle (clothing)">Mantle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)" title="Mantle (monastic vesture)">monastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)" title="Mantle (royal garment)">royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozzetta" title="Mozzetta">mozzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellegrina" title="Pellegrina">pellegrina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatee" title="Coatee">Coatee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut-off" title="Cut-off">Cut-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilet" title="Gilet">Gilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacket" title="Jacket">Jacket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Down_jacket" title="Down jacket">down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_jacket" title="Flight jacket">flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goggle_jacket" title="Goggle jacket">goggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrington_jacket" title="Harrington jacket">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leather_jacket" title="Leather jacket">leather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket" title="Mackinaw jacket">mackinaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_jacket" title="Norfolk jacket">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_jacket" title="Safari jacket">safari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerkin_(garment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerkin (garment)">Jerkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_coat" title="White coat">Lab coat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parka" title="Parka">Parka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poncho" title="Poncho">Poncho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robe" title="Robe">Robe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathrobe" title="Bathrobe">bathrobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressing_gown" title="Dressing gown">dressing gown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawl" title="Shawl">Shawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_suit" title="Ski suit">Ski suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeved_blanket" title="Sleeved blanket">Sleeved blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windbreaker" title="Windbreaker">Windbreaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwear" title="Underwear">Underwear</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Lingerie" title="Lingerie">lingerie</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bra" title="Bra">Bra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camisole" title="Camisole">Camisole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undershirt" title="Undershirt">Undershirt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diaper" title="Diaper">Diaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_pants" title="Training pants">Training pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leggings" title="Leggings">Leggings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panties" title="Panties">Panties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pants" title="Plastic pants">Plastic pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_(clothing)" title="Slip (clothing)">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thong" title="Thong">Thong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underpants" title="Underpants">Underpants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_briefs" title="Boxer briefs">boxer briefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_shorts" title="Boxer shorts">boxer shorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briefs" title="Briefs">briefs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodysuit" title="Bodysuit">Bodysuit, adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_bodysuit" title="Infant bodysuit">Bodysuit, infant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_underwear" title="Long underwear">Long underwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/See-through_clothing" title="See-through clothing">See-through</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_(garment)" title="Teddy (garment)">Teddy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nightwear" title="Nightwear">Nightwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babydoll" title="Babydoll">Babydoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babygrow" title="Babygrow">Babygrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_sleeper" title="Blanket sleeper">Blanket sleeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negligee" title="Negligee">Negligee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightgown" title="Nightgown">Nightgown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightshirt" title="Nightshirt">Nightshirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajamas" title="Pajamas">Pajamas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swimsuit" title="Swimsuit">Swimwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini">Bikini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkini" title="Burkini">Burkini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boardshorts" title="Boardshorts">Boardshorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_suit" title="Dry suit">Dry suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini">Monokini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit" title="One-piece swimsuit">One-piece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_guard" title="Rash guard">Rash guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_swimsuit" title="Sling swimsuit">Sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_leg_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Square leg suit">Square leg suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swim_briefs" title="Swim briefs">Swim briefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swim_diaper" title="Swim diaper">Swim diaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunks_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trunks (clothing)">Trunks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetsuit" title="Wetsuit">Wetsuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hosiery" title="Hosiery">Legwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sock" title="Sock">Sock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hold-ups" title="Hold-ups">Hold-ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garter" title="Garter">Garter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantyhose" title="Pantyhose">Pantyhose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stocking" title="Stocking">Stocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tights" title="Tights">Tights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Footwear" title="Footwear">Footwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boot" title="Boot">Boot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_boot" title="Dress boot">Dress boot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-flops" title="Flip-flops">Flip-flops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandal" title="Sandal">Sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe" title="Shoe">Shoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_shoe" title="Dress shoe">Dress shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_shoe" title="Court shoe">Court shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneaker">Sneaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipper" title="Slipper">Slipper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">Accessories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adornments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armband" title="Armband">Armband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_(clothing)" title="Belt (clothing)">Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re" title="Boutonnière">Boutonnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_purse" title="Coin purse">Coin purse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cufflink" title="Cufflink">Cufflink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cummerbund" title="Cummerbund">Cummerbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaiters" title="Gaiters">Gaiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasses" title="Glasses">Glasses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunglasses" title="Sunglasses">Sunglasses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glove" title="Glove">Gloves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headband" title="Headband">Headband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbag" title="Handbag">Handbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inro" title="Inro">Inro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livery" title="Livery">Livery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)" title="Muff (handwarmer)">Muff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_protector" title="Pocket protector">Pocket protector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_watch" title="Pocket watch">Pocket watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sash" title="Sash">Sash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spats_(footwear)" title="Spats (footwear)">Spats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspenders" title="Suspenders">Suspenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallet" title="Wallet">Wallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-worn items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hand_fan" title="Hand fan">Hand fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbrella" title="Umbrella">Umbrella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_stick" title="Walking stick">Walking stick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Western" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">morning dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">white tie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">black lounge suit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">black tie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_casual" title="Business casual">Business casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_casual" title="Smart casual">Smart casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_fetish" title="Clothing fetish">Clothing fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_swap" title="Clothing swap">Clothing swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costume" title="Costume">Costume</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creature_suit" title="Creature suit">creature suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_costume" title="Halloween costume">Halloween costume</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion" title="Environmental impact of fashion">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">haute couture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made-to-measure" title="Made-to-measure">made-to-measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready-to-wear" title="Ready-to-wear">ready-to-wear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">Fur clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_fur" title="List of types of fur">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fursuit" title="Fursuit">Fursuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing" title="Global trade of secondhand clothing">Global trade of secondhand clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_laws_by_country" title="Clothing laws by country">Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses" title="List of individual dresses">List of individual dresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing" title="Reconstructed clothing">Reconstructed clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_clothing" title="Right to clothing">Right to clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_clothing" title="Vintage clothing">Vintage clothing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F458.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/28px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Semi-formal_wear" title="Category:Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal wear</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)" title="Category:History of clothing (Western fashion)">History of clothing (Western fashion)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1880s_fashion" title="Category:1880s fashion">1880s fashion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1890s_fashion" title="Category:1890s fashion">1890s fashion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion" title="Category:20th-century fashion">20th-century fashion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_fashion" title="Category:21st-century fashion">21st-century fashion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Suits_(clothing)" title="Category:Suits (clothing)">Suits (clothing)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lounge_jackets" title="Category:Lounge jackets">Lounge jackets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dress_codes" title="Category:Dress codes">Dress 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