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بالکارها - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد

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class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="ویژه:جستجو"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="جستجو در ویکی‌پدیا" aria-label="جستجو در ویکی‌پدیا" autocapitalize="sentences" title="جستجو در ویکی‌پدیا [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>جستجو</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="ناوبری کاربر"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">بالکارها</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> گروه قومی ترک‌تبار </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="زبان" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>زبان</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87&amp;returnto=%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>پیگیری</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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.navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>بالکارها</b> یا <b>بَلقارها</b> (به <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="زبان کاراچایی-بالکاری">زبان کاراچایی-بالکاری</a>: مفرد <i>таулу</i> - <i>tawlu</i>، جمع <i>таулула - tawlula</i>) یک <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="گروه قومی">گروه قومی</a> کوچکِ <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="مردمان ترک">ترک‌تبار</a> در شمال غربی <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="قفقاز">قفقاز</a> و یکی از دو قومیت اصلی جمهوری خودمختار <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="کاباردینو-بالکاریا">کاباردینو-بالکاریا</a> در <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="فدراسیون روسیه">فدراسیون روسیه</a> هستند.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <table class="infobox vcard"> <caption class="infobox-title fn org"> Balkars<br> Malqarlıla </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">کل جمعیت</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">۱۳۰۰۰</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">مناطق با جمعیت چشمگیر</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></span></span>&nbsp;</span><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="روسیه">روسیه</a> <ul> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></span></span>&nbsp;</span><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="کاباردینو-بالکاریا">کاباردینو-بالکاریا</a></li> </ul></th> <td class="infobox-data">۱۱۲۹۲۴<br><small>۱۰۴۹۵۱</small><sup id="cite_ref-Census2010_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Census2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></span></span>&nbsp;</span><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="قزاقستان">قزاقستان</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">۱۷۹۸ (۲۰۰۹)</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">زبان‌ها</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="زبان کاراچایی-بالکاری">زبان کاراچایی-بالکاری</a> (گویش بالکار)، <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="زبان روسی">زبان روسی</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">دین</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="سنی">اسلام سنی</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">قومیت‌های وابسته</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="قره‌چای‌ها">قره‌چای‌ها</a>، <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="قموق‌ها">قموق‌ها</a>، و <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="زبان‌های قفقازی شمالی">زبان‌های قفقازی شمالی</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>جمعیت آنها بنا بر سرشماری سال ۱۹۸۹ شوروی برابر با ۸۵٬۱۲۶ نفر بود که از این تعداد، ۹۳ درصد آنها به <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="زبان بالکاری (صفحه وجود ندارد)">زبان بالکاری</a> سخن می‌گفتند و ۷۸ درصدشان نیز مشکلی در تکلم <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="زبان روسی">زبان روسی</a> به عنوان زبان دومشان نداشتند. زبان بالکاری اساساً با <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="زبان کاراچایی-بالکاری">زبان کاراچایی-بالکاری</a> که در <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%88_%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="قره‌چای و چرکس">جمهوری چرکس-قره‌چای</a> بدان تکلم می‌شود یکسان است. بدین ترتیب بالکارها از نظر زبانی باقی‌ماندهٔ گروه‌های ترکی هستند که در امتداد <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="استپ">استپ</a> <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="اوراسیا">اوراسیا</a> دست به مهاجرت زدند.</p> <p>بالکارها تا ۱۹۲۴ به <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="خط عربی">خط عربی</a> می‌نوشتند اما به‌دنبال تغییر کلی سیستم الفبایی در <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="اتحاد جماهیر شوروی">اتحاد جماهیر شوروی</a>، نخست <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="الفبای لاتین">الفبای لاتین</a> از ۱۹۲۴ تا ۱۹۳۷ و سپس از ۱۹۳۷ تا به امروز الفبای تغییریافتهٔ <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="سیریلیک">سیریلیک</a> جایگزین رسم‌الخط عربی شد.</p> <p>روسیه در سدهٔ نوزدهم میلادی موفق به فتح قفقاز شد که این موضوع باعث بروز اختلال در زندگی بالکارها گردید. علاوه بر آن بالکارها در پایان <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="جنگ جهانی دوم">جنگ جهانی دوم</a> به اتهام همکاری با <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="نازی‌ها">نازی‌ها</a> از موطن خود اخراج شدند تا آنکه در دههٔ ۱۹۵۰ بار دیگر به آنها اجازهٔ بازگشت داده شد. اما در این زمان جمعیت آنها به شدت کاهش یافته بود و علاوه بر سختی‌های مربوط به بازگشت، قلمروشان نیز در آن زمان توسط خارجی‌ها اشغال شده بود. همین موضوع سبب شد تا با فروپاشی اتحاد جماهیر شوروی سوسیالیستی درگیری‌هایی قومی در این مناطق بروز یابد.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="منابع"><span id=".D9.85.D9.86.D8.A7.D8.A8.D8.B9"></span>منابع</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ویرایش بخش: منابع" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ویرایش</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r40724476">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Census2010-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Census2010_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/perepis_itogi1612.htm">Официальный сайт Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года. Информационные материалы об окончательных итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322063857/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/perepis_itogi1612.htm">بایگانی‌شده</a> در ۲۲ مارس ۲۰۱۴ توسط <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(به روسی)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r39868036">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFPeter_B._Golden2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Peter_B._Golden&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Peter B. Golden (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Peter B. Golden</a> (2010). <i>Turks and Khazars: Origins, Institutions, and Interactions in Pre-Mongol Eurasia</i>. p.&nbsp;33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Turks+and+Khazars%3A+Origins%2C+Institutions%2C+and+Interactions+in+Pre-Mongol+Eurasia&amp;rft.pages=33&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.au=Peter+B.+Golden&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div><small> <div dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <ul> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.answers.com/topic/balkars">Balkars</a>." Encyclopedia of Russian History. The Gale Group, Inc, 2004. Answers.com 26 Apr. 2011.</li> </ul> </div></small> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r40355799">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7&amp;action=history&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="InternetArchiveBot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1661674299"> <span>آخرین‌بار در ۲۸ اوت ۲۰۲۲، ۰۸:۱۱ ویرایش شده است</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>زبان‌ها</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D2%259F%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D3%2599%25D0%25B0" title="Абалҟарцәа–آبخازی" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Абалҟарцәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="آبخازی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balcars" title="Balcars–آراگونی" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Balcars" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="آراگونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1" title="بلقار–عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلقار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1" title="بلقار–عربی مصری" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلقار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="عربی مصری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB" title="Балкарал–آواری" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Балкарал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="آواری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkarlar" title="Balkarlar–ترکی آذربایجانی" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Balkarlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ترکی آذربایجانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1" title="بالقارلار–South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بالقارلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D2%25A1%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D2%2599%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Балҡарҙар–باشقیری" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Балҡарҙар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="باشقیری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D1%258B" title="Балкарцы–بلاروسی" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Балкарцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بلاروسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Балкарци–بلغاری" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Балкарци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkari" title="Balkari–بوسنیایی" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Balkari" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسنیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars–کاتالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Balkars" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کاتالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BA%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9" title="Балкхарой–چچنی" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Балкхарой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="چچنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balka%25C5%2599i" title="Balkaři–چکی" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Balkaři" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC" title="Балкарсем–چوواشی" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Балкарсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="چوواشی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkarere" title="Balkarere–دانمارکی" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Balkarere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="دانمارکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkaren" title="Balkaren–آلمانی" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Balkaren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="آلمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259C%25CF%2580%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AC%25CF%2581%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B9" title="Μπαλκάροι–یونانی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπαλκάροι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یونانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars–انگلیسی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Balkars" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگلیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkaroj" title="Balkaroj–اسپرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Balkaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="اسپرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkarios" title="Balkarios–اسپانیایی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Balkarios" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="اسپانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkaarid" title="Balkaarid–استونیایی" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Balkaarid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="استونیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkar" title="Balkar–باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Balkar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkaarit" title="Balkaarit–فنلاندی" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Balkaarit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فنلاندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars–فرانسوی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Balkars" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkarlar" title="Balkarlar–گاگائوزیایی" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Balkarlar" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="گاگائوزیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkarci" title="Balkarci–کروات" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Balkarci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کروات" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balk%25C3%25A1rok" title="Balkárok–مجاری" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Balkárok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="مجاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B2%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AC%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D6%2581%25D5%25AB%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580" title="Բալկարցիներ–ارمنی" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բալկարցիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ارمنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Balkar" title="Orang Balkar–اندونزیایی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Balkar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="اندونزیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balcari" title="Balcari–ایتالیایی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Balcari" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایتالیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2590%25E3%2583%25AB%25E3%2582%25AB%25E3%2583%25AB%25E4%25BA%25BA" title="バルカル人–ژاپنی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バルカル人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ژاپنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%25A7%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2598" title="ბალყარელები–گرجی" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბალყარელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="گرجی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258A%25D0%25BA%25D1%258A%25D1%258D%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D1%258D%25D1%2580" title="Балъкъэрхэр–کاباردینی" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Балъкъэрхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="کاباردینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D2%259B%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Малқарлар–قزاقی" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Малқарлар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قزاقی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25B0%259C%25EC%25B9%25B4%25EB%25A5%25B4%25EC%259D%25B8" title="발카르인–کره‌ای" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발카르인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کره‌ای" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BA%25D1%258A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Малкъарлыла–قره‌چایی‐بالکاری" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Малкъарлыла" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="قره‌چایی‐بالکاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Балкарлар–قرقیزی" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Балкарлар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="قرقیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BA%25D1%258A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Балкъар–Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Балкъар" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkarai" title="Balkarai–لیتوانیایی" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Balkarai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="لیتوانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balk%25C4%2581ri" title="Balkāri–لتونیایی" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Balkāri" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لتونیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Балкарци–مقدونی" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Балкарци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="مقدونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580_%25D1%258F%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Балкар ястан–مغولی" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Балкар ястан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="مغولی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkaren" title="Balkaren–هلندی" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Balkaren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هلندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkarer" title="Balkarer–نروژی بوک‌مُل" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Balkarer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نروژی بوک‌مُل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25C3%25A6%25D0%25BC" title="Асиаг адæм–آسی" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Асиаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="آسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%25C5%2582karzy" title="Bałkarzy–لهستانی" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bałkarzy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="لهستانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%25C3%25A1lcaros" title="Bálcaros–پرتغالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bálcaros" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پرتغالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D1%258B" title="Балкарцы–روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Балкарцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkari" title="Balkari–صرب و کرواتی" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Balkari" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="صرب و کرواتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8" title="Балкари–صربی" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Балкари" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="صربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkarer" title="Balkarer–سوئدی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Balkarer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سوئدی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%25C5%2582kary" title="Bałkary–سیلزیایی" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bałkary" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="سیلزیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B3%25E0%25AF%258D" title="பல்க்கர் மக்கள்–تامیلی" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பல்க்கர் மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D2%259B%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D2%25B3%25D0%25BE" title="Балқарҳо–تاجیکی" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Балқарҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجیکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkarlar" title="Balkarlar–ترکی استانبولی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Balkarlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکی استانبولی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Балкарлар–تاتاری" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Балкарлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="تاتاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EF%25BA%2591%25EF%25BA%258E%25EF%25BB%259F%25EF%25BB%2598%25EF%25BA%258E%25EF%25BA%25AD_%25EF%25BB%25A3%25EF%25AF%25A9%25EF%25BB%25A0%25EF%25BB%25A0%25EF%25AF%25A9%25EF%25BA%2598%25EF%25BB%25B0" title="ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﺭ ﻣﯩﻠﻠﯩﺘﻰ–اویغوری" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﺭ ﻣﯩﻠﻠﯩﺘﻰ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="اویغوری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D1%2596" title="Балкарці–اوکراینی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Балкарці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکراینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolqorlar" title="Bolqorlar–ازبکی" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bolqorlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ازبکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%25C6%25B0%25E1%25BB%259Di_Balkar" title="Người Balkar–ویتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Balkar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ویتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25B7%25B4%25E5%25B0%2594%25E5%258D%25A1%25E5%25B0%2594%25E4%25BA%25BA" title="巴尔卡尔人–وو" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴尔卡尔人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25B7%25B4%25E5%25B0%2594%25E5%258D%25A1%25E5%25B0%2594%25E4%25BA%25BA" title="巴尔卡尔人–چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴尔卡尔人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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