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RNA–rRNA</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: ribosomal RNA–rRNA"> <meta name="keywords" content="ribosomal RNA–rRNA"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="ribosomal RNA–rRNA"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 211</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: ribosomal RNA–rRNA</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">211</span> High Expression Levels and Amplification of rRNA Genes in a Mentally Retarded Child with 13p+: A Familial Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20S.%20Kolesnikova">Irina S. Kolesnikova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20A.%20Dolskiy"> Alexander A. Dolskiy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalya%20A.%20Lemskaya"> Natalya A. Lemskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yulia%20V.%20Maksimova"> Yulia V. Maksimova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asia%20R.%20Shorina"> Asia R. Shorina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alena%20S.%20Telepova"> Alena S. Telepova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20S.%20Graphodatsky"> Alexander S. Graphodatsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20V.%20Yudkin"> Dmitry V. Yudkin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A cytogenetic and molecular genetic study of the family with a male child who had mental retardation and autistic features revealed an abnormal chromosome 13 bearing an enlarged p-arm with amplified ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in a boy and his father. Cytogenetic analysis using standard G-banding and FISH with labeled rDNA probes revealed an abnormal chromosome 13 with an enlarged p-arms due to rDNA amplification in a male child, who had clinically confirmed mental retardation and an autistic behavior. This chromosome is evidently inherited from the father, who has morphologically the same chromosome, but is healthy. The karyotype of the mother was normal. Ag-NOR staining showed brightly stained large whole-p-arm nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in a child and normal-sized NORs in his father with 13p+-NOR-amount mosaicism. qRT-PCR with specific primers showed highly increased levels of 18S, 28S and 5,8 S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the patient’s blood samples compared to a normal healthy control donor. Both patient’s father and mother had no elevated levels of rRNAs expression. Thus, in this case, rRNA level seems to correlate with mental retardation in familial individuals with 13p+. Our findings of rRNA overexpression in a patient with mental retardation and his parents may show a possible link between the karyotype (p-arm enlargement due to rDNA amplification), rDNA functionality (rRNA overexpression), functional changes in the brain and mental retardation. The study is supported by Russian Science Foundation Grant 15-15-10001. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20retardation" title="mental retardation">mental retardation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ribosomal%20DNA%E2%80%93rDNA" title=" ribosomal DNA–rDNA"> ribosomal DNA–rDNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ribosomal%20RNA%E2%80%93rRNA" title=" ribosomal RNA–rRNA"> ribosomal RNA–rRNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleolus%20organizer%20region%E2%80%93NOR" title=" nucleolus organizer region–NOR"> nucleolus organizer region–NOR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromosome%2013" title=" chromosome 13"> chromosome 13</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60315/high-expression-levels-and-amplification-of-rrna-genes-in-a-mentally-retarded-child-with-13p-a-familial-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">210</span> Comparison of Rumen Microbial Analysis Pipelines Based on 16s rRNA Gene Sequencing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoxing%20Ye">Xiaoxing Ye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To investigate complex rumen microbial communities, 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing is widely used. Here, we evaluated the impact of bioinformatics pipelines on the observation of OTUs and taxonomic classification of 750 cattle rumen microbial samples by comparing three commonly used pipelines (LotuS, UPARSE, and QIIME) with Usearch. In LotuS-based analyses, 189 archaeal and 3894 bacterial OTUs were observed. The observed OTUs for the Usearch analysis were significantly larger than the LotuS results. We discovered 1495 OTUs for archaea and 92665 OTUs for bacteria using Usearch analysis. In addition, taxonomic assignments were made for the rumen microbial samples. All pipelines had consistent taxonomic annotations from the phylum to the genus level. A difference in relative abundance was calculated for all microbial levels, including Bacteroidetes (QIIME: 72.2%, Usearch: 74.09%), Firmicutes (QIIME: 18.3%, Usearch: 20.20%) for the bacterial phylum, Methanobacteriales (QIIME: 64.2%, Usearch: 45.7%) for the archaeal class, Methanobacteriaceae (QIIME: 35%, Usearch: 45.7%) and Methanomassiliicoccaceae (QIIME: 35%, Usearch: 31.13%) for archaeal family. However, the most prevalent archaeal class varied between these two annotation pipelines. The Thermoplasmata was the top class according to the QIIME annotation, whereas Methanobacteria was the top class according to Usearch. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cattle%20rumen" title="cattle rumen">cattle rumen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rumen%20microbial" title=" rumen microbial"> rumen microbial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=16S%20rRNA%20gene%20sequencing" title=" 16S rRNA gene sequencing"> 16S rRNA gene sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics%20pipeline" title=" bioinformatics pipeline"> bioinformatics pipeline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171247/comparison-of-rumen-microbial-analysis-pipelines-based-on-16s-rrna-gene-sequencing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">209</span> The Subcellular Localisation of EhRRP6 and Its Involvement in Pre-Ribosomal RNA Processing in Growth-Stressed Entamoeba histolytica</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Singh">S. S. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bhattacharya"> A. Bhattacharya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bhattacharya"> S. Bhattacharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The eukaryotic exosome complex plays a pivotal role in RNA biogenesis, maturation, surveillance and differential expression of various RNAs in response to varying environmental signals. The exosome is composed of evolutionary conserved nine core subunits and the associated exonucleases Rrp6 and Rrp44. Rrp6p is crucial for the processing of rRNAs, other non-coding RNAs, regulation of polyA tail length and termination of transcription. Rrp6p, a 3’-5’ exonuclease is required for degradation of 5’-external transcribed spacer (ETS) released from the rRNA precursors during the early steps of pre-rRNA processing. In the parasitic protist Entamoeba histolytica in response to growth stress, there occurs the accumulation of unprocessed pre-rRNA and 5’ ETS sub fragment. To understand the processes leading to this accumulation, we looked for Rrp6 and the exosome subunits in E. histolytica, by in silico approaches. Of the nine core exosomal subunits, seven had high percentage of sequence similarity with the yeast and human. The EhRrp6 homolog contained exoribonuclease and HRDC domains like yeast but its N- terminus lacked the PMC2NT domain. EhRrp6 complemented the temperature sensitive phenotype of yeast rrp6Δ cells suggesting conservation of biological activity. We showed 3’-5’ exoribonuclease activity of EhRrp6p with in vitro-synthesized appropriate RNAs substrates. Like the yeast enzyme, EhRrp6p degraded unstructured RNA, but could degrade the stem-loops slowly. Furthermore, immunolocalization revealed that EhRrp6 was nuclear-localized in normal cells but was diminished from nucleus during serum starvation, which could explain the accumulation of 5’ETS during stress. Our study shows functional conservation of EhRrp6p in E.histolytica, an early-branching eukaryote, and will help to understand the evolution of exosomal components and their regulatory function. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entamoeba%20histolytica" title="entamoeba histolytica">entamoeba histolytica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exosome%20complex" title=" exosome complex"> exosome complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rRNA%20processing" title=" rRNA processing"> rRNA processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rrp6" title=" Rrp6"> Rrp6</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55711/the-subcellular-localisation-of-ehrrp6-and-its-involvement-in-pre-ribosomal-rna-processing-in-growth-stressed-entamoeba-histolytica" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">208</span> Novel Aminoglycosides to Target Resistant Pathogens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nihar%20Ranjan">Nihar Ranjan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derrick%20Watkins"> Derrick Watkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dev%20P.%20Arya"> Dev P. Arya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current methods in the study of antibiotic activity of ribosome targeted antibiotics are dependent on cell based bacterial inhibition assays or various forms of ribosomal binding assays. These assays are typically independent of each other and little direct correlation between the ribosomal binding and bacterial inhibition is established with the complementary assay. We have developed novel high-throughput capable assays for ribosome targeted drug discovery. One such assay examines the compounds ability to bind to a model ribosomal RNA A-site. We have also coupled this assay to other functional orthogonal assays. Such analysis can provide valuable understanding of the relationships between two complementary drug screening methods and could be used as standard analysis to correlate the affinity of a compound for its target and the effect the compound has on a cell. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20resistance" title="bacterial resistance">bacterial resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aminoglycosides" title=" aminoglycosides"> aminoglycosides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screening" title=" screening"> screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drugs" title=" drugs"> drugs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16341/novel-aminoglycosides-to-target-resistant-pathogens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">207</span> Ribosomal Protein S4 Gene: Exploring the Presence in Syrian Strain of Leishmania Tropica Genome, Sequencing it and Evaluating Immune Response of pCI-S4 DNA Vaccine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alyaa%20Abdlwahab">Alyaa Abdlwahab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cutaneous leishmaniasis represents a serious health problem in Syria; this problem has become noticeably aggravated after the civil war in the country. Leishmania tropica parasite is the main cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Syria. In order to control the disease, we need an effective vaccine against leishmania parasite. DNA vaccination remains one of the favorable approaches that have been used to face cutaneous leishmaniasis. Ribosomal protein S4 is responsible for important roles in Leishmania parasite life. DNA vaccine based on S4 gene has been used against infections by many species of Leishmania parasite but leishmania tropica parasite, so this gene represents a good candidate for DNA vaccine construction. After proving the existence of ribosomal protein S4 gene in a Syrian strain of Leishmania tropica (LCED Syrian 01), sequencing it and cloning it into pCI plasmid, BALB/C mice were inoculated with pCI-S4 DNA vaccine. The immune response was determined by monitoring the lesion progression in inoculated BALB/C mice for six weeks after challenging mice with Leishmania tropica (LCED Syrian 01) parasites. IL-12, IFN-γ, and IL-4 were quantified in draining lymph nodes (DLNa) of the immunized BALB/C mice by using the RT-qPCR technique. The parasite burden was calculated in the final week for the footpad lesion and the DLNs of the mice. This study proved the existence and the expression of the ribosomal protein S4 gene in Leishmania tropica (LCED Syrian 01) promastigotes. The sequence of ribosomal protein cDNA S4 gene was determined and published in Genbank; the gene size was 822 bp. Expression was also demonstrated at the level of cDNA. Also, this study revealed that pCI-S4 DNA vaccine induces TH1\TH2 response in immunized mice; this response prevents partially developing a dermal lesion of Leishmania. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ribosomal%20protein%20S4" title="ribosomal protein S4">ribosomal protein S4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20vaccine" title=" DNA vaccine"> DNA vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leishmania%20tropica" title=" Leishmania tropica"> Leishmania tropica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BALB%5Cc" title=" BALB\c"> BALB\c</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146394/ribosomal-protein-s4-gene-exploring-the-presence-in-syrian-strain-of-leishmania-tropica-genome-sequencing-it-and-evaluating-immune-response-of-pci-s4-dna-vaccine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">206</span> Optimization of a Method of Total RNA Extraction from Mentha piperita</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soheila%20Afkar">Soheila Afkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mentha piperita is a medicinal plant that contains a large amount of secondary metabolite that has adverse effect on RNA extraction. Since high quality of RNA is the first step to real time-PCR, in this study optimization of total RNA isolation from leaf tissues of Mentha piperita was evaluated. From this point of view, we researched two different total RNA extraction methods on leaves of Mentha piperita to find the best one that contributes the high quality. The methods tested are RNX-plus, modified RNX-plus (1-5 numbers). RNA quality was analyzed by agarose gel 1.5%. The RNA integrity was also assessed by visualization of ribosomal RNA bands on 1.5% agarose gels. In the modified RNX-plus method (number 2), the integrity of 28S and 18S rRNA was highly satisfactory when analyzed in agarose denaturing gel, so this method is suitable for RNA isolation from Mentha piperita. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mentha%20piperita" title="Mentha piperita">Mentha piperita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenol" title=" polyphenol"> polyphenol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polysaccharide" title=" polysaccharide"> polysaccharide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RNA%20extraction" title=" RNA extraction"> RNA extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95845/optimization-of-a-method-of-total-rna-extraction-from-mentha-piperita" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95845.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">205</span> Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus through Amplification of 12S rRNA Gene and Cox1 Gene Fragments from Cattle in Chittagong, Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Omer%20Faruk">M. Omer Faruk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20A.%20M.%20Zonaed%20Siddiki"> A. M. A. M. Zonaed Siddiki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fazal%20Karim"> M. Fazal Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Masuduzzaman"> Md. Masuduzzaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chowdhury"> S. Chowdhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Shafiqul%20Islam"> Md. Shafiqul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Alamgir%20Hossain"> M. Alamgir Hossain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dog tapeworms <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> develop hydatid cysts in various organs in human and domestic animals worldwide including Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the genotype of <em>E. granulosus</em> isolated from cattle using 12S rRNA and Cytochrome oxidase 1 (COX 1) genes. A total of 43 hydatid cyst samples were collected from 390 examined cattle samples derived from slaughterhouses. Among them, three cysts were fertile. Genomic DNA was extracted from germinal membrane and/or protoscoleces followed by PCR amplification of mitochondrial 12S rRNA and Cytochrome oxidase 1 gene fragments. The sequence data revealed existence of G1 (64.28%) and possible G3 (21.43%) genotypes for the first time in Bangladesh. The study indicates that common sheep strain G1 is the dominant subtype of <em>E. granulosus</em> in Chittagong region of Bangladesh. This will increase our understanding of the epidemiology of hydatidosis in the southern part of the country and will be useful to plan suitable control measures in the long run. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Echinococcus%20granulosus" title="Echinococcus granulosus">Echinococcus granulosus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cox1" title=" Cox1"> Cox1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=12S%20rRNA" title=" 12S rRNA"> 12S rRNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20characterization" title=" molecular characterization"> molecular characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangladesh" title=" Bangladesh"> Bangladesh</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59060/molecular-characterization-of-echinococcus-granulosus-through-amplification-of-12s-rrna-gene-and-cox1-gene-fragments-from-cattle-in-chittagong-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">204</span> A Molecular Modelling Approach for Identification of Lead Compound from Rhizomes of Glycosmis Pentaphylla for Skin Cancer Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Shrivastava">Rahul Shrivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manish%20Tripathi"> Manish Tripathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohmmad%20Yasir"> Mohmmad Yasir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shailesh%20Singh"> Shailesh Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Life style changes and depletion in atmospheric ozone layer in recent decades lead to increase in skin cancer including both melanoma and nonmelanomas. Natural products which were obtained from different plant species have the potential of anti skin cancer activity. In regard of this, present study focuses the potential effect of Glycosmis pentaphylla against anti skin cancer activity. Different Phytochemical constituents which were present in the roots of Glycosmis pentaphylla were identified and were used as ligands after sketching of their structures with the help of ACD/Chemsketch. These ligands are screened for their anticancer potential with proteins which are involved in skin cancer effects with the help of pyrx software. After performing docking studies, results reveal that Noracronycine secondary metabolite of Glycosmis pentaphylla shows strong affinity of their binding energy with Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 (2QR8) protein. Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 (2QR8) has an important role in the cell proliferation and transformation mediated through by N-terminal kinase domain and was induced by the tumour promoters such as epidermal growth factor. It also plays a key role in the neoplastic transformation of human skin cells and in skin cancer growth. Noracronycine interact with THR-493 and MET-496 residue of Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 protein with binding energy ΔG = -8.68 kcal/mole. Thus on the basis of this study we can say that Noracronycine which present in roots of Glycosmis pentaphylla can be used as lead compound against skin cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycosmis%20pentaphylla" title="glycosmis pentaphylla">glycosmis pentaphylla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrx" title=" pyrx"> pyrx</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ribosomal%20s6%20kinase" title=" ribosomal s6 kinase"> ribosomal s6 kinase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20cancer" title=" skin cancer"> skin cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43676/a-molecular-modelling-approach-for-identification-of-lead-compound-from-rhizomes-of-glycosmis-pentaphylla-for-skin-cancer-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43676.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> Insights into Archaeological Human Sample Microbiome Using 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alisa%20Kazarina">Alisa Kazarina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guntis%20Gerhards"> Guntis Gerhards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elina%20Petersone-Gordina"> Elina Petersone-Gordina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilva%20Pole"> Ilva Pole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viktorija%20Igumnova"> Viktorija Igumnova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janis%20Kimsis"> Janis Kimsis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Capligina"> Valentina Capligina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renate%20Ranka"> Renate Ranka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human body is inhabited by a vast number of microorganisms, collectively known as the human microbiome, and there is a tremendous interest in evolutionary changes in human microbial ecology, diversity and function. The field of paleomicrobiology, study of ancient human microbiome, is powered by modern techniques of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), which allows extracting microbial genomic data directly from archaeological sample of interest. One of the major techniques is 16S rRNA gene sequencing, by which certain 16S rRNA gene hypervariable regions are being amplified and sequenced. However, some limitations of this method exist including the taxonomic precision and efficacy of different regions used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phylogenetic sensitivity of different 16S rRNA gene hypervariable regions for microbiome studies in the archaeological samples. Towards this aim, archaeological bone samples and corresponding soil samples from each burial environment were collected in Medieval cemeteries in Latvia. The Ion 16S™ Metagenomics Kit targeting different 16S rRNA gene hypervariable regions was used for library construction (Ion Torrent technologies). Sequenced data were analysed by using appropriate bioinformatic techniques; alignment and taxonomic representation was done using Mothur program. Sequences of most abundant genus were further aligned to E. coli 16S rRNA gene reference sequence using MEGA7 in order to identify the hypervariable region of the segment of interest. Our results showed that different hypervariable regions had different discriminatory power depending on the groups of microbes, as well as the nature of samples. On the basis of our results, we suggest that wider range of primers used can provide more accurate recapitulation of microbial communities in archaeological samples. Acknowledgements. This work was supported by the ERAF grant Nr. 1.1.1.1/16/A/101. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=16S%20rRNA%20gene" title="16S rRNA gene">16S rRNA gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20human%20microbiome" title=" ancient human microbiome"> ancient human microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archaeology" title=" archaeology"> archaeology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title=" bioinformatics"> bioinformatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genomics" title=" genomics"> genomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiome" title=" microbiome"> microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20biology" title=" molecular biology"> molecular biology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=next-generation%20sequencing" title=" next-generation sequencing"> next-generation sequencing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78646/insights-into-archaeological-human-sample-microbiome-using-16s-rrna-gene-sequencing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">202</span> Identification and Characterization of 18S rRNA Gene of Demodex Canis From the Dog Population of Mizoram, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moneesh%20Thakur">Moneesh Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hridayesh%20Prasad"> Hridayesh Prasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikitasha%20Bora"> Nikitasha Bora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parimal%20Roy%20Choudhary"> Parimal Roy Choudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Samanta"> A. K. Samanta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeev%20Kumar"> Sanjeev Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Canine demodicosis is a common parasitic condition which involves dog skin. Demodicosis in dogs is due the prominent growth of Demodex. Out of various canine Demodex spp., Demodex canis is the most often involved species. Canine demodicosis can occur as either a localized or generalized form of demodicosis severely affect the dogs and in non-treated dogs may cause death. This study was planned with the aim to screen and characterize the 18S rRNA gene of isolated Demodex canis. A total of 1200 dogs were screened during this study period. The skin scrapings of all the suspected dogs were examined under a microscope at 100X magnification for the presence of Demodex canis. The skin scrapings positive for Demodex canis were examined using PCR for confirmation. A total of 35 dogs were confirmed a positive result for D. canis based on 18S rRNA gene amplification by PCR. Further, the 18S rRNA gene of isolated Demodex canis was cloned and sequenced for genome analysis. On the sequence analysis, it was found that isolated sequence (GenBank Accession No. MK177513) had close similarity (99.7%) to that of D. canis genotype of China (Accession No. MG372254). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCR" title="PCR">PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogenetic%20analysis" title=" phylogenetic analysis"> phylogenetic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloning%20and%20sequening" title=" cloning and sequening"> cloning and sequening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Demodex%20canis" title=" Demodex canis"> Demodex canis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172036/identification-and-characterization-of-18s-rrna-gene-of-demodex-canis-from-the-dog-population-of-mizoram-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> Analysis on Thermococcus achaeans with Frequent Pattern Mining</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeongyeob%20Hong">Jeongyeob Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myeonghoon%20Park"> Myeonghoon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taeson%20Yoon"> Taeson Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After the advent of Achaeans which utilize different metabolism pathway and contain conspicuously different cellular structure, they have been recognized as possible materials for developing quality of human beings. Among diverse Achaeans, in this paper, we compared 16s RNA Sequences of four different species of Thermococcus: Achaeans genus specialized in sulfur-dealing metabolism. Four Species, Barophilus, Kodakarensis, Hydrothermalis, and Onnurineus, live near the hydrothermal vent that emits extreme amount of sulfur and heat. By comparing ribosomal sequences of aforementioned four species, we found similarities in their sequences and expressed protein, enabling us to expect that certain ribosomal sequence or proteins are vital for their survival. Apriori algorithms and Decision Tree were used. for comparison. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achaeans" title="Achaeans">Achaeans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thermococcus" title=" Thermococcus"> Thermococcus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apriori%20algorithm" title=" apriori algorithm"> apriori algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20tree" title=" decision tree"> decision tree</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30046/analysis-on-thermococcus-achaeans-with-frequent-pattern-mining" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> Microbial Dark Matter Analysis Using 16S rRNA Gene Metagenomics Sequences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hana%20Barak">Hana Barak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Sivan"> Alex Sivan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ariel%20Kushmaro"> Ariel Kushmaro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microorganisms are the most diverse and abundant life forms on Earth and account for a large portion of the Earth’s biomass and biodiversity. To date though, our knowledge regarding microbial life is lacking, as it is based mainly on information from cultivated organisms. Indeed, microbiologists have borrowed from astrophysics and termed the ‘uncultured microbial majority’ as ‘microbial dark matter’. The realization of how diverse and unexplored microorganisms are, actually stems from recent advances in molecular biology, and in particular from novel methods for sequencing microbial small subunit ribosomal RNA genes directly from environmental samples termed next-generation sequencing (NGS). This has led us to use NGS that generates several gigabases of sequencing data in a single experimental run, to identify and classify environmental samples of microorganisms. In metagenomics sequencing analysis (both 16S and shotgun), sequences are compared to reference databases that contain only small part of the existing microorganisms and therefore their taxonomy assignment may reveal groups of unknown microorganisms or origins. These unknowns, or the ‘microbial sequences dark matter’, are usually ignored in spite of their great importance. The goal of this work was to develop an improved bioinformatics method that enables more complete analyses of the microbial communities in numerous environments. Therefore, NGS was used to identify previously unknown microorganisms from three different environments (industrials wastewater, Negev Desert’s rocks and water wells at the Arava valley). 16S rRNA gene metagenome analysis of the microorganisms from those three environments produce about ~4 million reads for 75 samples. Between 0.1-12% of the sequences in each sample were tagged as ‘Unassigned’. Employing relatively simple methodology for resequencing of original gDNA samples through Sanger or MiSeq Illumina with specific primers, this study demonstrates that the mysterious ‘Unassigned’ group apparently contains sequences of candidate phyla. Those unknown sequences can be located on a phylogenetic tree and thus provide a better understanding of the ‘sequences dark matter’ and its role in the research of microbial communities and diversity. Studying this ‘dark matter’ will extend the existing databases and could reveal the hidden potential of the ‘microbial dark matter’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title="bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title=" bioinformatics"> bioinformatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20matter" title=" dark matter"> dark matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Next%20Generation%20Sequencing" title=" Next Generation Sequencing"> Next Generation Sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unknown" title=" unknown"> unknown</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97387/microbial-dark-matter-analysis-using-16s-rrna-gene-metagenomics-sequences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">199</span> Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis Method to Assess Rumen Microbial Diversity of Ruminant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Natsir">A. Natsir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nadir"> M. Nadir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Syahrir"> S. Syahrir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mujnisa"> A. Mujnisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Purnomo"> N. Purnomo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Egan"> A. R. Egan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20J.%20Leury"> B. J. Leury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rumen degradation characteristic of feedstuff is one of the prominent factors affecting microbial population in rumen of animal. High rumen degradation rate of faba bean protein may lead to inconstant rumen conditions that could have a prominent impact on rumen microbial diversity. Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) is utilized to monitor diversity of rumen microbes on sheep fed low quality forage supplemented by faba beans. Four mature merino sheep with existing rumen cannula were used in this study according to 4 x 4 Latin square design. The results of study indicated that there were 37 different ARDRA types identified out of 136 clones examined. Among those clones, five main clone types existed across the treatments with different percentages. In conclusion, the ARDRA method is potential to be used as a routine tool to assess the temporary changes in the rumen community as a result of different feeding strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARDRA%20method" title="ARDRA method">ARDRA method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cattle" title=" cattle"> cattle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genomic%20diversity" title=" genomic diversity"> genomic diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rumen%20microbes" title=" rumen microbes"> rumen microbes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55076/amplified-ribosomal-dna-restriction-analysis-method-to-assess-rumen-microbial-diversity-of-ruminant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">198</span> Hydration of Protein-RNA Recognition Sites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amita%20Barik">Amita Barik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjit%20Prasad%20Bahadur"> Ranjit Prasad Bahadur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We investigate the role of water molecules in 89 protein-RNA complexes taken from the Protein Data Bank. Those with tRNA and single-stranded RNA are less hydrated than with duplex or ribosomal proteins. Protein-RNA interfaces are hydrated less than protein-DNA interfaces, but more than protein-protein interfaces. Majority of the waters at protein-RNA interfaces makes multiple H-bonds; however, a fraction does not make any. Those making Hbonds have preferences for the polar groups of RNA than its partner protein. The spatial distribution of waters makes interfaces with ribosomal proteins and single-stranded RNA relatively ‘dry’ than interfaces with tRNA and duplex RNA. In contrast to protein-DNA interfaces, mainly due to the presence of the 2’OH, the ribose in protein-RNA interfaces is hydrated more than the phosphate or the bases. The minor groove in protein-RNA interfaces is hydrated more than the major groove, while in protein-DNA interfaces it is reverse. The strands make the highest number of water-mediated H-bonds per unit interface area followed by the helices and the non-regular structures. The preserved waters at protein-RNA interfaces make higher number of H-bonds than the other waters. Preserved waters contribute toward the affinity in protein-RNA recognition and should be carefully treated while engineering protein-RNA interfaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=h-bonds" title="h-bonds">h-bonds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minor-major%20grooves" title=" minor-major grooves"> minor-major grooves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preserved%20water" title=" preserved water"> preserved water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein-RNA%20interfaces" title=" protein-RNA interfaces"> protein-RNA interfaces</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42932/hydration-of-protein-rna-recognition-sites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">197</span> Examining the Role of Soil pH on the Composition and Abundance of Nitrite Oxidising Bacteria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansur%20Abdulrasheed">Mansur Abdulrasheed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20I.%20Ibrahim"> Hussein I. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20F.%20Umar"> Ahmed F. Umar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nitrification, the microbial oxidation of ammonia to nitrate (NO3-) via nitrite (NO2-) is a vital process in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle and is performed by two distinct functional groups; ammonia oxidisers (comprised of ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and ammonia oxidising archaea (AOA)) and nitrite oxidising bacteria. Autotrophic nitrification is said to occur in acidic soils, even though most laboratory cultures of isolated ammonia and nitrite oxidising bacteria fail to grow below neutral pH. Published studies revealed that soil pH is a major driver for determining the distribution and abundance of AOB and AOA. To determine whether distinct populations of nitrite oxidising bacteria within the lineages of Nitrospira and Nitrobacter are adapted to a particular range of pH as observed in ammonia oxidising organisms, the community structure of Nitrospira-like and Nitrobacter-like NOB were examined across a pH gradient (4.5–7.5) by amplifying nitrite oxido-reductase (nxrA) and 16S rRNA genes followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The community structure of both Nitrospira and Nitrobacter changed with soil pH, with distinct populations observed in acidic and neutral soils. The abundance of Nitrospira-like 16S rRNA and Nitrobacter-like nxrA gene copies contrasted across the pH gradient. Nitrobacter-like nxrA gene abundance decreased with increasing soil pH, whereas Nitrospira-like 16S rRNA gene abundance increased with increasing pH. Findings indicated that abundance and distributions of soil NOB is influence by soil pH. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrospira" title="nitrospira">nitrospira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrobacter" title=" nitrobacter"> nitrobacter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrite-oxidizing%20bacteria" title=" nitrite-oxidizing bacteria"> nitrite-oxidizing bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrification" title=" nitrification"> nitrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH" title=" pH"> pH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil "> soil </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42862/examining-the-role-of-soil-ph-on-the-composition-and-abundance-of-nitrite-oxidising-bacteria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">196</span> Characterizing and Developing the Clinical Grade Microbiome Assay with a Robust Bioinformatics Pipeline for Supporting Precision Medicine Driven Clinical Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danyi%20Wang">Danyi Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Schriefer"> Andrew Schriefer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dennis%20O%27Rourke"> Dennis O'Rourke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brajendra%20Kumar"> Brajendra Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Liu"> Yang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fei%20Zhong"> Fei Zhong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juergen%20Scheuenpflug"> Juergen Scheuenpflug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zheng%20Feng"> Zheng Feng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: It has been recognized that the microbiome plays critical roles in disease pathogenesis, including cancer, autoimmune disease, and multiple sclerosis. To develop a clinical-grade assay for exploring microbiome-derived clinical biomarkers across disease areas, a two-phase approach is implemented. 1) Identification of the optimal sample preparation reagents using pre-mixed bacteria and healthy donor stool samples coupled with proprietary Sigma-Aldrich® bioinformatics solution. 2) Exploratory analysis of patient samples for enabling precision medicine. Study Procedure: In phase 1 study, we first compared the 16S sequencing results of two ATCC® microbiome standards (MSA 2002 and MSA 2003) across five different extraction kits (Kit A, B, C, D & E). Both microbiome standards samples were extracted in triplicate across all extraction kits. Following isolation, DNA quantity was determined by Qubit assay. DNA quality was assessed to determine purity and to confirm extracted DNA is of high molecular weight. Bacterial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) amplicons were generated via amplification of the V3/V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA. Sequencing was performed using a 2x300 bp paired-end configuration on the Illumina MiSeq. Fastq files were analyzed using the Sigma-Aldrich® Microbiome Platform. The Microbiome Platform is a cloud-based service that offers best-in-class 16S-seq and WGS analysis pipelines and databases. The Platform and its methods have been extensively benchmarked using microbiome standards generated internally by MilliporeSigma and other external providers. Data Summary: The DNA yield using the extraction kit D and E is below the limit of detection (100 pg/µl) of Qubit assay as both extraction kits are intended for samples with low bacterial counts. The pre-mixed bacterial pellets at high concentrations with an input of 2 x106 cells for MSA-2002 and 1 x106 cells from MSA-2003 were not compatible with the kits. Among the remaining 3 extraction kits, kit A produced the greatest yield whereas kit B provided the least yield (Kit-A/MSA-2002: 174.25 ± 34.98; Kit-A/MSA-2003: 179.89 ± 30.18; Kit-B/MSA-2002: 27.86 ± 9.35; Kit-B/MSA-2003: 23.14 ± 6.39; Kit-C/MSA-2002: 55.19 ± 10.18; Kit-C/MSA-2003: 35.80 ± 11.41 (Mean ± SD)). Also, kit A produced the greatest yield, whereas kit B provided the least yield. The PCoA 3D visualization of the Weighted Unifrac beta diversity shows that kits A and C cluster closely together while kit B appears as an outlier. The kit A sequencing samples cluster more closely together than both the other kits. The taxonomic profiles of kit B have lower recall when compared to the known mixture profiles indicating that kit B was inefficient at detecting some of the bacteria. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that the DNA extraction method impacts DNA concentration, purity, and microbial communities detected by next-generation sequencing analysis. Further microbiome analysis performance comparison of using healthy stool samples is underway; also, colorectal cancer patients' samples will be acquired for further explore the clinical utilities. Collectively, our comprehensive qualification approach, including the evaluation of optimal DNA extraction conditions, the inclusion of positive controls, and the implementation of a robust qualified bioinformatics pipeline, assures accurate characterization of the microbiota in a complex matrix for deciphering the deep biology and enabling precision medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=16S%20rRNA%20sequencing" title="16S rRNA sequencing">16S rRNA sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20validation" title=" analytical validation"> analytical validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics%20pipeline" title=" bioinformatics pipeline"> bioinformatics pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metagenomics" title=" metagenomics"> metagenomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127959/characterizing-and-developing-the-clinical-grade-microbiome-assay-with-a-robust-bioinformatics-pipeline-for-supporting-precision-medicine-driven-clinical-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">195</span> The First Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Melon Thrips, Thrips palmi (Thripinae: Thysanoptera): Vector for Tospoviruses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaomud%20Tyagi">Kaomud Tyagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajasree%20Chakraborty"> Rajasree Chakraborty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shantanu%20Kundu"> Shantanu Kundu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devkant%20Singha"> Devkant Singha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kailash%20Chandra"> Kailash Chandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikas%20Kumar"> Vikas Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The melon thrips, Thrips palmi is a serious pest of a wide range of agriculture crops and also act as vectors for plant viruses (genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae). More molecular data on this species is required to understand the cryptic speciation and evolutionary affiliations. Mitochondrial genomes have been widely used in phylogenetic and evolutionary studies in insect. So far, mitogenomes of five thrips species (Anaphothrips obscurus, Frankliniella intonsa, Frankliniella occidentalis, Scirtothrips dorsalis and Thrips imaginis) is available in the GenBank database. In this study, we sequenced the first complete mitogenome T. palmi and compared it with available thrips mitogenomes. We assembled the mitogenome from the whole genome sequencing data generated using Illumina Hiseq2500. Annotation was performed using MITOS web-server to estimate the location of protein coding genes (PCGs), transfer RNA (tRNAs), ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and their secondary structures. The boundaries of PCGs and rRNAs was confirmed manually in NCBI. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the 13 PCGs data using maximum likelihood (ML) in PAUP, and Bayesian inference (BI) in MrBayes 3.2. The complete mitogenome of T. palmi was 15,333 base pairs (bp), which was greater than the genomes of A. obscurus (14,890bp), F. intonsa (15,215 bp), F. occidentalis (14,889 bp) and S. dorsalis South Asia strain (SA1) (14,283 bp), but smaller than the genomes of T. imaginis (15,407 bp) and S. dorsalis East Asia strain (EA1) (15,343bp). Like in other thrips species, the mitochondrial genome of T. palmi was represented by 37 genes, including 13 PCGs, large and small ribosomal RNA (rrnL and rrnS) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNAs) genes (with one extra gene for trn-Serine) and two A+T-rich control regions (CR1 and CR2). Thirty one genes were observed on heavy (H) strand and six genes on the light (L) strand. The six tRNA genes (trnG,trnK, trnY, trnW, trnF, and trnH) were found to be conserved in all thrips species mitogenomes in their locations relative to a protein-coding or rRNA gene upstream or downstream. The gene arrangements of T. palmi is very close to T. imaginis except the rearrangements in tRNAs genes: trnR (arginine), and trnE (glutamic acid) were found to be located between cox3 and CR2 in T. imaginis which were translocated between atp6 and CR1 in T. palmi; trnL1 (Leucine) and trnS1(Serine) were located between atp6 and CR1 in T. imaginis which were translocated between cox3 and CR2 in T. palmi. The location of CR1 upstream of nad5 gene was suggested to be ancestral condition of the thrips species in subfamily Thripinae, was also observed in T. palmi. Both the Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) phylogenetic trees generated resulted in similar topologies. The T. palmi was clustered with T. imaginis. We concluded that more molecular data on the diverse thrips species from different hierarchical level is needed, to understand the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships among them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thrips" title="thrips">thrips</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20mitogenomics" title=" comparative mitogenomics"> comparative mitogenomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20rearrangements" title=" gene rearrangements"> gene rearrangements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogenetic%20analysis" title=" phylogenetic analysis"> phylogenetic analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93146/the-first-complete-mitochondrial-genome-of-melon-thrips-thrips-palmi-thripinae-thysanoptera-vector-for-tospoviruses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">194</span> Genetic Characterization of a Composite Transposon Carrying armA and Aac(6)-Ib Genes in an Escherichia coli Isolate from Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omneya%20M.%20Helmy">Omneya M. Helmy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20T.%20Kashef"> Mona T. Kashef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aminoglycosides are used in treating a wide range of infections caused by both Gram-negative and Gram positive bacteria. The presence of 16S rRNA methyl transferases (16S-RMTase) is among the newly discovered resistance mechanisms that confer high resistance to clinically useful aminoglycosides. Cephalosporins are the most commonly used antimicrobials in Egypt; therefore, this study was conducted to determine the isolation frequency of 16S rRNA methyl transferases among third generation cephalosporin-resistant clinical isolates in Egypt. One hundred and twenty three cephalosporin resistant Gram-negative clinical isolates were screened for aminoglycoside resistance by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and tested for possible production of 16S-RMTase. PCR testing and sequencing were used to confirm the presence of 16S-RMTase and the associated antimicrobial resistance determinants, as well as the genetic region surrounding the armA gene. Out of 123 isolates, 66 (53.66%) were resistant to at least one aminoglycoside antibiotic. Only one Escherichia coli isolate (E9ECMO) which was totally resistant to all tested aminoglycosides, was confirmed to have the armA gene in association with blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14 and aac(6)-Ib genes. The armA gene was found to be carried on a large A/C plasmid. Genetic mapping of the armA surrounding region revealed, for the first time, the association of armA with aac(6)-Ib on the same transposon. In Conclusion, the isolation frequency of 16S-RMTase was low among the tested cephalosporin-resistant clinical samples. However, a novel composite transposon has been detected conferring high-level aminoglycosides resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aminoglcosides" title="aminoglcosides">aminoglcosides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=armA%20gene" title=" armA gene"> armA gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2%20lactmases" title=" β lactmases"> β lactmases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=16S%20rRNA%20methyl%20transferases" title=" 16S rRNA methyl transferases"> 16S rRNA methyl transferases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44591/genetic-characterization-of-a-composite-transposon-carrying-arma-and-aac6-ib-genes-in-an-escherichia-coli-isolate-from-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">193</span> Activity of Malate Dehydrogenase in Cell Free Extracts from S. proteamaculans, A. hydrophila, and K. pneumoniae</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20Bumadian">Mohamed M. Bumadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20James%20Gilmour"> D. James Gilmour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Three bacterial species were isolated from the River Wye (Derbyshire, England) and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Serratia proteamaculans, Aeromonas hydrophila and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Respiration rates of the strains were measured in order to determine the metabolic activity under salt stress. The highest respiration rates of all three strains were found at 0.17 M and 0.5 M NaCl and then the respiration rate decreased with increasing concentrations of NaCl. In addition, the effect of increasing concentrations of NaCl on malate dehydrogenase activity was determined using cell-free extracts of the three strains. Malate dehydrogenase activity was stimulated at NaCl concentrations up to 0.5 M, and a small level of activity remained even at 3.5 M NaCl. The pH optimum of the malate dehydrogenase in cell-free extracts of all strains was higher than pH 7.5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fresh%20water" title="fresh water">fresh water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halotolerant%20pathogenic%20bacteria" title=" halotolerant pathogenic bacteria"> halotolerant pathogenic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=16S%20rRNA%20gene" title=" 16S rRNA gene"> 16S rRNA gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell-free%20extracts" title=" cell-free extracts"> cell-free extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiration%20rates" title=" respiration rates"> respiration rates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malate%20dehydrogenase" title=" malate dehydrogenase"> malate dehydrogenase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16244/activity-of-malate-dehydrogenase-in-cell-free-extracts-from-s-proteamaculans-a-hydrophila-and-k-pneumoniae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">192</span> Chromium Reduction Using Bacteria: Bioremediation Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baljeet%20Singh%20Saharan">Baljeet Singh Saharan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bioremediation is the demand of the day. Tannery and textile effluents/waste waters have lots of pollution due to presence of hexavalent Chromium. Methodologies used in the present investigations include isolation, cultivation and purification of bacterial strain. Further characterization techniques and 16S rRNA sequencing were performed. Efficient bacterial strain capable of reducing hexavalent chromium was obtained. The strain can be used for bioremediation of industrial effluents containing hexavalent Cr. A gram negative, rod shaped and yellowish pigment producing bacterial strain from tannery effluent was isolated using nutrient agar. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that isolate SA13A is associated with genus Luteimonas (99%). This isolate has been found to reduce 100% of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) (100 mg L-1) 100% in 16 h. Growth conditions were optimized for Cr (VI) reduction. Maximum reduction was observed at a temperature of 37 °C and pH 8.0. Additionally, Luteimonas aestuarii SA13A showed resistance against various heavy metals like Cr+6, Cr+3, Cu+2, Zn+2, Co+2, Ni+2 and Cd+2 . Hence, Luteimonas aestuarii SA13A could be used as potent Cr (VI) reducing strain as well as significant bioremediator in heavy metal contaminated sites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioremediation" title="bioremediation">bioremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromium" title=" chromium"> chromium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-friendly" title=" eco-friendly"> eco-friendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37155/chromium-reduction-using-bacteria-bioremediation-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">191</span> Characterization of the Blood Microbiome in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Compared to Healthy Control Subjects Using V4 Region 16S rRNA Sequencing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Hammad">D. Hammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20P.%20Tonge"> D. P. Tonge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disabling and common autoimmune disease during which the body's immune system attacks healthy tissues. This results in complicated and long-lasting actions being carried out by the immune system, which typically only occurs when the immune system encounters a foreign object. In the case of RA, the disease affects millions of people and causes joint inflammation, ultimately leading to the destruction of cartilage and bone. Interestingly, the disease mechanism still remains unclear. It is likely that RA occurs as a result of a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors including an imbalance in the microorganism population inside our body. The human microbiome or microbiota is an extensive community of microorganisms in and on the bodies of animals, which comprises bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. Recently, the development of molecular techniques to characterize entire bacterial communities has renewed interest in the involvement of the microbiome in the development and progression of RA. We believe that an imbalance in some of the specific bacterial species in the gut, mouth and other sites may lead to atopobiosis; the translocation of these organisms into the blood, and that this may lead to changes in immune system status. The aim of this study was, therefore, to characterize the microbiome of RA serum samples in comparison to healthy control subjects using 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. Serum samples were obtained from healthy control volunteers and from patients with RA both prior to, and following treatment. The bacterial community present in each sample was identified utilizing V4 region 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. Bacterial identification, to the lowest taxonomic rank, was performed using a range of bioinformatics tools. Significantly, the proportions of the Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Halmonadaceae families were significantly increased in the serum of RA patients compared with healthy control serum. Furthermore, the abundance of Bacteroides and Lachnospiraceae nk4a136_group, Lachnospiraceae_UGC-001, RuminococcaceaeUCG-014, Rumnococcus-1, and Shewanella was also raised in the serum of RA patients relative to healthy control serum. These data support the notion of a blood microbiome and reveal RA-associated changes that may have significant implications for biomarker development and may present much-needed opportunities for novel therapeutic development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20microbiome" title="blood microbiome">blood microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gut%20and%20oral%20bacteria" title=" gut and oral bacteria"> gut and oral bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rheumatoid%20arthritis" title=" Rheumatoid arthritis"> Rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=16S%20rRNA%20gene%20sequencing" title=" 16S rRNA gene sequencing"> 16S rRNA gene sequencing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94190/characterization-of-the-blood-microbiome-in-rheumatoid-arthritis-patients-compared-to-healthy-control-subjects-using-v4-region-16s-rrna-sequencing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">190</span> Phylogenetic Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance in Sediments of Aegean Sea </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilknur%20Tuncer">Ilknur Tuncer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nihayet%20Bizsel"> Nihayet Bizsel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The studies in bacterial diversity and antimicrobial resistance in coastal areas are important to understand the variability in the community structures and metabolic activities. In the present study, antimicrobial susceptibility and phylogenetic analysis of bacteria isolated from stations with different depths and influenced by terrestrial and marine fluxes in eastern Aegean Sea were illustrated. 51% of the isolates were found as resistant and 14% showed high MAR index indicating the high-risk sources of contamination in the environment. The resistance and the intermediate levels and high MAR index of the study area were 38–60%, 11–38% and 0–40%, respectively. According to 16S rRNA gene analysis, it was found that the isolates belonged to two phyla Firmicutes and Gammaproteobacteria with the genera Bacillus, Halomonas, Oceanobacillus, Photobacterium, Pseudoalteromonas, Psychrobacter, and Vibrio. 47% of Bacillus strains which were dominant among all isolates were resistant. In addition to phylogenetically diverse bacteria, the variability in resistance, intermediate and high MAR index levels of the study area indicated the effect of geographical differences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20diversity" title="bacterial diversity">bacterial diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20antibiotic%20resistance" title=" multiple antibiotic resistance"> multiple antibiotic resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=16S%20rRNA%20genes" title=" 16S rRNA genes"> 16S rRNA genes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aegean%20Sea" title=" Aegean Sea"> Aegean Sea</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9844/phylogenetic-diversity-and-antibiotic-resistance-in-sediments-of-aegean-sea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">189</span> Plastic Degradation Activity of Bacillus Sp. Isolated from the Gut of Plastic-Fed Yellow Mealworm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najat%20El-Kurdi">Najat El-Kurdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20Hammad"> Sherif Hammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ghazi"> Mohamed Ghazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20El-Shatoury"> Sahar El-Shatoury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Zakaria"> Khaled Zakaria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing number of plastic production and its importance to humanity in daily life made it a headache to the planet earth. The persistence of plastic wastes in the environment formed a serious problem. They are prominent with their capability to resist microbial degradation for decades. Thus, it was crucial to find ways to eliminate the plastics without depending on conventional recycling methods, which causes the formation of more hazardous compounds and doubles the problem. In this paper, mealworms were fed with a mixture of plastic wastes such as plastic bags, Styrofoam, PE foam, and plastic tarpaulins film as the sole food source for a month. Frass was collected at the end of the test and examined using FTIR analysis. Also, the gut bacteria were isolated and identified using 16S rRNA. The results show the mineralization of plastic in the frass of plastic-fed worms when compared to control. The 16S rRNA and the BLAST analysis showed that the obtained isolate belongs to the genus Bacillus Sp especially Bacillus subtilis. Phylogenetic analysis showed their relatedness to the other Bacillus species in the NCBI database. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mealworm" title="mealworm">mealworm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic-degrading%20bacteria" title=" plastic-degrading bacteria"> plastic-degrading bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gut%20microbiome" title=" gut microbiome"> gut microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20sp" title=" Bacillus sp"> Bacillus sp</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146184/plastic-degradation-activity-of-bacillus-sp-isolated-from-the-gut-of-plastic-fed-yellow-mealworm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">188</span> Applying Massively Parallel Sequencing to Forensic Soil Bacterial Profiling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Li">Hui Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xueying%20Zhao"> Xueying Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ke%20Ma"> Ke Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Cao"> Yu Cao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Yang"> Fan Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qingwen%20Xu"> Qingwen Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenbin%20Liu"> Wenbin Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil can often link a person or item to a crime scene, which makes it a valuable evidence in forensic casework. Several techniques have been utilized in forensic soil discrimination in previous studies. Because soil contains a vast number of microbiomes, the analyse of soil microbiomes is expected to be a potential way to characterise soil evidence. In this study, we applied massively parallel sequencing (MPS) to soil bacterial profiling on the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM). Soils from different regions were collected repeatedly. V-region 3 and 4 of Bacterial 16S rRNA gene were detected by MPS. Operational taxonomic units (OTU, 97%) were used to analyse soil bacteria. Several bioinformatics methods (PCoA, NMDS, Metastats, LEfse, and Heatmap) were applied in bacterial profiles. Our results demonstrate that MPS can provide a more detailed picture of the soil microbiomes and the composition of soil bacterial components from different region was individualistic. In conclusion, the utility of soil bacterial profiling via MPS of the 16S rRNA gene has potential value in characterising soil evidences and associating them with their place of origin, which can play an important role in forensic science in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20profiling" title="bacterial profiling">bacterial profiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic" title=" forensic"> forensic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=massively%20parallel%20sequencing" title=" massively parallel sequencing"> massively parallel sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20evidence" title=" soil evidence"> soil evidence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80561/applying-massively-parallel-sequencing-to-forensic-soil-bacterial-profiling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">563</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">187</span> Molecular Characterization of Two Thermoplastic Biopolymer-Degrading Fungi Utilizing rRNA-Based Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuha%20Mansour%20Alhazmi">Nuha Mansour Alhazmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magda%20Mohamed%20Aly"> Magda Mohamed Aly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fardus%20M.%20Bokhari"> Fardus M. Bokhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Bahieldin"> Ahmed Bahieldin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20Edris"> Sherif Edris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Out of 30 fungal isolates, 2 new isolates were proven to degrade poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). Enzyme assay for these isolates indicated the optimal environmental conditions required for depolymerase enzyme to induce the highest level of biopolymer degradation. The two isolates were basically characterized at the morphological level as Trichoderma asperellum (isolate S1), and Aspergillus fumigates (isolate S2) using standard approaches. The aim of the present study was to characterize these two isolates at the molecular level based on the highly diverged rRNA gene(s). Within this gene, two domains of the ribosome large subunit (LSU) namely internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 26S were utilized in the analysis. The first domain comprises the ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 regions ( > 500 bp), while the second domain comprises the D1/D2/D3 regions ( > 1200 bp). Sanger sequencing was conducted at Macrogen (Inc.) for the two isolates using primers ITS1/ITS4 for the first domain, while primers LROR/LR7 for the second domain. Sizes of the first domain ranged between 594-602 bp for S1 isolate and 581-594 bp for S2 isolate, while those of the second domain ranged between 1228-1238 bp for S1 isolate and 1156-1291 for S2 isolate. BLAST analysis indicated 99% identities of the first domain of S1 isolate with T. asperellum isolates XP22 (ID: KX664456.1), CTCCSJ-G-HB40564 (ID: KY750349.1), CTCCSJ-F-ZY40590 (ID: KY750362.1) and TV (ID: KU341015.1). BLAST of the first domain of S2 isolate indicated 100% identities with A. fumigatus isolate YNCA0338 (ID: KP068684.1) and strain MEF-Cr-6 (ID: KU597198.1), while 99% identities with A. fumigatus isolate CCA101 (ID: KT877346.1) and strain CD1621 (ID: JX092088.1). Large numbers of other T. asperellum and A. fumigatus isolates and strains showed high level of identities with S1 and S2 isolates, respectively, based on the diversity of the first domain. BLAST of the second domain of S1 isolate indicated 99 and 100% identities with only two strains of T. asperellum namely TR 3 (ID: HM466685.1) and G (ID: KF723005.1), respectively. However, other T. species (ex., atroviride, hamatum, deliquescens, harzianum, etc.) also showed high level of identities. BLAST of the second domain of S2 isolate indicated 100% identities with A. fumigatus isolate YNCA0338 (ID: KP068684.1) and strain MEF-Cr-6 (ID: KU597198.1), while 99% identities with A. fumigatus isolate CCA101 (ID: KT877346.1) and strain CD1621 (ID: JX092088.1). Large numbers of other A. fumigatus isolates and strains showed high level of identities with S2 isolate. Overall, the results of molecular characterization based on rRNA diversity for the two isolates of T. asperellum and A. fumigatus matched those obtained by morphological characterization. In addition, ITS domain proved to be more sensitive than 26S domain in diversity profiling of fungi at the species level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspergillus%20fumigates" title="Aspergillus fumigates">Aspergillus fumigates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trichoderma%20asperellum" title=" Trichoderma asperellum"> Trichoderma asperellum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PHB" title=" PHB"> PHB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BLAST" title=" BLAST"> BLAST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITS" title=" ITS"> ITS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=26S" title=" 26S"> 26S</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rRNA" title=" rRNA"> rRNA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87955/molecular-characterization-of-two-thermoplastic-biopolymer-degrading-fungi-utilizing-rrna-based-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">186</span> Identification and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium Spp. in Pre-Wean Dairy Calves in Mashhad, Northeastern of Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Asadpour">Mohammad Asadpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gholamreza%20Razmi"> Gholamreza Razmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gholamreza%20Mohammadi"> Gholamreza Mohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abolghasem%20Naghibi"> Abolghasem Naghibi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cryptosporidium Spp., protozoan parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa, have a wide spectrum of hosts including humans, domestic animals and wild mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. Dairy cattle have been identified in numerous reports as a major source of environmental contamination with this pathogen. In this study, a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the Small-Subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was used to detect and identify Cryptosporidium Spp. in 300 fecal specimens from 1 to 30 days pre-wean calves in 10 farms in Mashhad, Iran. Eighty five (28.3%) and forty five (15%) of the specimens were positive for Cryptosporidium by microscopic and PCR examination respectively. Restriction digestion of the PCR products by VSPI and Ssp1 restriction enzymes and analysis of sequence data revealed the presence of C. parvum, bovine genotype in all isolates. Our findings suggest that cattle can be a source of Cryptosporidial infections for humans and animals in Mashhad area. This is the first published description of Cryptosporidium sub genotyping in Mashhad. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptosporidium" title="cryptosporidium">cryptosporidium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotype" title=" genotype"> genotype</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20calves" title=" dairy calves"> dairy calves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=18S%20rRNA" title=" 18S rRNA"> 18S rRNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mashhad" title=" Mashhad"> Mashhad</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5569/identification-and-molecular-characterization-of-cryptosporidium-spp-in-pre-wean-dairy-calves-in-mashhad-northeastern-of-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> Use of Locally Effective Microorganisms in Conjunction with Biochar to Remediate Mine-Impacted Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20F.%20Ducey">Thomas F. Ducey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristin%20M.%20Trippe"> Kristin M. Trippe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20A.%20Ippolito"> James A. Ippolito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeffrey%20M.%20Novak"> Jeffrey M. Novak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20G.%20Johnson"> Mark G. Johnson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gilbert%20C.%20Sigua"> Gilbert C. Sigua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Oronogo-Duenweg mining belt –approximately 20 square miles around the Joplin, Missouri area– is a designated United States Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site due to lead-contaminated soil and groundwater by former mining and smelting operations. Over almost a century of mining (from 1848 to the late 1960’s), an estimated ten million tons of cadmium, lead, and zinc containing material have been deposited on approximately 9,000 acres. Sites that have undergone remediation, in which the O, A, and B horizons have been removed along with the lead contamination, the exposed C horizon remains incalcitrant to revegetation efforts. These sites also suffer from poor soil microbial activity, as measured by soil extracellular enzymatic assays, though 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) indicates that microbial diversity is equal to sites that have avoided mine-related contamination. Soil analysis reveals low soil organic carbon, along with high levels of bio-available zinc, that reflect the poor soil fertility conditions and low microbial activity. Our study looked at the use of several materials to restore and remediate these sites, with the goal of improving soil health. The following materials, and their purposes for incorporation into the study, were as follows: manure-based biochar for the binding of zinc and other heavy metals responsible for phytotoxicity, locally sourced biosolids and compost to incorporate organic carbon into the depleted soils, effective microorganisms harvested from nearby pristine sites to provide a stable community for nutrient cycling in the newly composited 'soil material'. Our results indicate that all four materials used in conjunction result in the greatest benefit to these mine-impacted soils, based on above ground biomass, microbial biomass, and soil enzymatic activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locally%20effective%20microorganisms" title="locally effective microorganisms">locally effective microorganisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochar" title=" biochar"> biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remediation" title=" remediation"> remediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reclamation" title=" reclamation"> reclamation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109819/use-of-locally-effective-microorganisms-in-conjunction-with-biochar-to-remediate-mine-impacted-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">184</span> Molecular Identification and Genotyping of Human Brucella Strains Isolated in Kuwait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Salim%20Mustafa">Abu Salim Mustafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease endemic in Kuwait. Human brucellosis can be caused by several Brucella species with Brucella melitensis causing the most severe and Brucella abortus the least severe disease. Furthermore, relapses are common after successful chemotherapy of patients. The classical biochemical methods of culture and serology for identification of Brucellae provide information about the species and serotypes only. However, to differentiate between relapse and reinfection/epidemiological investigations, the identification of genotypes using molecular methods is essential. In this study, four molecular methods [16S rRNA gene sequencing, real-time PCR, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA)-16] were evaluated for the identification and typing of 75 strains of Brucella isolated in Kuwait. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing suggested that all the strains were B. melitensis and real-time PCR confirmed their species identity as B. melitensis. The ERIC-PCR band profiles produced a dendrogram of 75 branches suggesting each strain to be of a unique type. The cluster classification, based on ~ 80% similarity, divided all the ERIC genotypes into two clusters, A and B. Cluster A consisted of 9 ERIC genotypes (A1-A9) corresponding to 9 individual strains. Cluster B comprised of 13 ERIC genotypes (B1-B13) with B5 forming the largest cluster of 51 strains. MLVA-16 identified all isolates as B. melitensis and divided them into 71 MLVA-types. The cluster analysis of MLVA-16-types suggested that most of the strains in Kuwait originated from the East Mediterranean Region, a few from the African group and one new genotype closely matched with the West Mediterranean region. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that B. melitensis, the most pathogenic species of Brucella, is prevalent in Kuwait. Furthermore, MLVA-16 is the best molecular method, which can identify the Brucella species and genotypes as well as determine their origin in the global context. Supported by Kuwait University Research Sector grants MI04/15 and SRUL02/13. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brucella" title="Brucella">Brucella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ERIC-PCR" title=" ERIC-PCR"> ERIC-PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MLVA-16" title=" MLVA-16"> MLVA-16</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RT-PCR" title=" RT-PCR"> RT-PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=16S%20rRNA%20gene%20sequencing" title=" 16S rRNA gene sequencing"> 16S rRNA gene sequencing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56928/molecular-identification-and-genotyping-of-human-brucella-strains-isolated-in-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">183</span> Dynamic of an Invasive Insect Gut Microbiome When Facing to Abiotic Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Judith%20Mogouong">Judith Mogouong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20Constant"> Philippe Constant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Lavallee"> Robert Lavallee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claude%20Guertin"> Claude Guertin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The emerald ash borer (EAB) is an exotic wood borer insect native from China, which is associated with important environmental and economic damages in North America. Beetles are known to be vectors of microbial communities related to their adaptive capacities. It is now established that environmental stress factors may induce physiological events on the host trees, such as phytochemical changes. Consequently, that may affect the establishment comportment of herbivorous insect. Considering the number of insects collected on ash trees (insects’ density) as an abiotic factor related to stress damage, the aim of our study was to explore the dynamic of EAB gut microbial community genome (microbiome) when facing that factor and to monitor its diversity. Insects were trapped using specific green Lindgren© traps. A gradient of the captured insect population along the St. Lawrence River was used to create three levels of insects’ density (low, intermediate, and high). After dissection, total DNA extracted from insect guts of each level has been sent for amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS2 region. The composition of microbial communities among sample appeared largely diversified with the Simpson index significantly different across the three levels of density for bacteria. Add to that; bacteria were represented by seven phyla and twelve classes, whereas fungi were represented by two phyla and seven known classes. Using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on Bray Curtis distances of 16S rRNA sequences, we observed a significant variation between the structure of the bacterial communities depending on insects’ density. Moreover, the analysis showed significant correlations between some bacterial taxa and the three classes of insects’ density. This study is the first to present a complete overview of the bacterial and fungal communities associated with the gut of EAB base on culture-independent methods, and to correlate those communities with a potential stress factor of the host trees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gut%20microbiome" title="gut microbiome">gut microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA" title=" DNA"> DNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=16S%20rRNA%20sequences" title=" 16S rRNA sequences"> 16S rRNA sequences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emerald%20ash%20borer" title=" emerald ash borer"> emerald ash borer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99038/dynamic-of-an-invasive-insect-gut-microbiome-when-facing-to-abiotic-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> Bacterial Diversity Reports Contamination around the Ichkeul Lake in Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeina%20Bourhane">Zeina Bourhane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anders%20Lanzen"> Anders Lanzen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christine%20Cagnon"> Christine Cagnon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olfa%20Ben%20Said"> Olfa Ben Said</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristiana%20Cravo-Laureau"> Cristiana Cravo-Laureau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Duran"> Robert Duran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The anthropogenic pressure in coastal areas increases dramatically with the exploitation of environmental resources. Biomonitoring coastal areas are crucial to determine the impact of pollutants on bacterial communities in soils and sediments since they provide important ecosystem services. However, relevant biomonitoring tools allowing fast determination of the ecological status are yet to be defined. Microbial ecology approaches provide useful information for developing such microbial monitoring tools reporting on the effect of environmental stressors. Chemical and microbial molecular approaches were combined in order to determine microbial bioindicators for assessing the ecological status of soil and river ecosystems around the Ichkeul Lake (Tunisia), an area highly impacted by human activities. Samples were collected along soil/river/lake continuums in three stations around the Ichkeul Lake influenced by different human activities at two seasons (summer and winter). Contaminant pressure indexes (PI), including PAHs (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), alkanes, and OCPs (Organochlorine pesticides) contents, showed significant differences in the contamination level between the stations with seasonal variation. Bacterial communities were characterized by 16S ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) gene metabarcoding. Although microgAMBI indexes, determined from the sequencing data, were in accordance with contaminant contents, they were not sufficient to fully explain the PI. Therefore, further microbial indicators are still to be defined. The comparison of bacterial communities revealed the specific microbial assemblage for soil, river, and lake sediments, which were significantly correlated with contaminant contents and PI. Such observation offers the possibility to define a relevant set of bioindicators for reporting the effects of human activities on the microbial community structure. Such bioindicators might constitute useful monitoring tools for the management of microbial communities in coastal areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20communities" title="bacterial communities">bacterial communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomonitoring" title=" biomonitoring"> biomonitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination" title=" contamination"> contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20impacts" title=" human impacts"> human impacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20bioindicators" title=" microbial bioindicators"> microbial bioindicators</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128638/bacterial-diversity-reports-contamination-around-the-ichkeul-lake-in-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ribosomal%20RNA%E2%80%93rRNA&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ribosomal%20RNA%E2%80%93rRNA&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ribosomal%20RNA%E2%80%93rRNA&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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