Ultrahigh fatigue strength of gradient nanostructured plain steel - CityU Scholars

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content="Shanghai Jiao Tong University" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Shuai Wang" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Shanghai Jiao Tong University" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Xiangyu Song" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Shanghai Jiao Tong University" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Jiacheng Xu" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Mechanical Engineering" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Centre for Advanced Structural Materials" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Shenzhen Research Institute" /><meta name="citation_author_email" content="jiacxu3@cityu.edu.hk" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Jingchen Wang" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="CityU Shenzhen Futian Research Institute" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Ying Li" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="CityU Shenzhen Futian Research Institute" /><meta 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content="2024/11/01" /><meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116243" /><meta name="citation_language" content="English" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="High cycle fatigue; High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels; Martensitic phase transformation; Residual stresses; Ultrafine grained microstructure" /><meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Scripta Materialia" /><meta name="citation_issn" content="1359-6462" /><meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Scripta Metallurgica et Materiala" /><meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Scripta metallurgica et materialia" /><meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Scr Met" /><meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Scr Metal" /><meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Scr Metall" /><meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Scripta metallurgica" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="Elsevier Limited" /><meta name="citation_volume" content="252" /><meta name="citation_firstpage" 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class="type_parent_sep"> › </span>peer-review</span></p></div> <div class="tabs-container"> <ul class="clear"> <li><a class="portal_link" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/ultrahigh-fatigue-strength-of-gradient-nanostructured-plain-steel(b1e51268-278c-4858-88f8-1d8a8d4a18d9).html"><span>Overview</span></a> </li> <li><a class="portal_link" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/ultrahigh-fatigue-strength-of-gradient-nanostructured-plain-steel(b1e51268-278c-4858-88f8-1d8a8d4a18d9)/projects.html"><span>Projects</span></a> </li> </ul> </div><script type="text/javascript" src="/resources/style/js/concept_tooltip.js?stamp=1731905518316"></script> <div class="publication_fingerprints_overview fingerprints_overview"> <h2 class="section for_fingerprints"> Fingerprint <span class="portal_inline_help" title="The Elsevier Fingerprint Engine is a back-end system that mines text of a document to create a semantic index of weighted concepts that define the document, known as a Fingerprint."> </span> </h2> <div class="section_help"> ???publication_fingerprints_help??? </div> <div id="fingerprints" class="relationlist for_fingerprints" data-type="publication_fingerprints" data-content-id="234579706" data-locale="en_GB"> <h2 class="sub_section">Keyphrases</h2> <div class="concept_listing" data-type="publication_fingerprints" data-content-id="234579706" data-locale="en_GB" popup-ordering="Newest on top"> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195970740" title="Fatigue Strength in Keyphrases has a weight of 100%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="100"></canvas> <span class="procent">100</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Fatigue Strength</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_100" data-content-id="195970740" data-thesauri-acronym="keyphrases"> <span class="rating rank_100"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Keyphrases</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=196185057" title="Ultra-high in Keyphrases has a weight of 100%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="100"></canvas> <span class="procent">100</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Ultra-high</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_100" data-content-id="196185057" data-thesauri-acronym="keyphrases"> <span class="rating rank_100"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Keyphrases</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=197134767" title="Gradient Nanostructure in Keyphrases has a weight of 100%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="100"></canvas> <span class="procent">100</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Gradient Nanostruct...</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_100" data-content-id="197134767" data-thesauri-acronym="keyphrases"> <span class="rating rank_100"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Keyphrases</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=234682882" title="Plain Steel in Keyphrases has a weight of 100%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="100"></canvas> <span class="procent">100</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Plain Steel</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_100" data-content-id="234682882" data-thesauri-acronym="keyphrases"> <span class="rating rank_100"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Keyphrases</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=196046568" title="Cost Performance in Keyphrases has a weight of 40%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="40"></canvas> <span class="procent">40</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Cost Performance</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_60" data-content-id="196046568" data-thesauri-acronym="keyphrases"> <span class="rating rank_40"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span 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20%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="20"></canvas> <span class="procent">20</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">High Carbon</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_40" data-content-id="195991830" data-thesauri-acronym="keyphrases"> <span class="rating rank_20"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Keyphrases</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=196040721" title="Mechanical Performance in Keyphrases has a weight of 20%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="20"></canvas> <span class="procent">20</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Mechanical Performa...</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_40" data-content-id="196040721" data-thesauri-acronym="keyphrases"> <span class="rating rank_20"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Keyphrases</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=196075915" title="Crack Formation in Keyphrases has a weight of 20%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="20"></canvas> <span class="procent">20</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Crack Formation</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_40" data-content-id="196075915" data-thesauri-acronym="keyphrases"> <span class="rating rank_20"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Keyphrases</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=196417645" title="Gradient Surface in Keyphrases has a weight of 20%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="20"></canvas> <span class="procent">20</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Gradient Surface</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_40" data-content-id="196417645" data-thesauri-acronym="keyphrases"> <span class="rating rank_20"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Keyphrases</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=196850868" title="Steel Matrix in Keyphrases has a weight of 20%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="20"></canvas> <span class="procent">20</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Steel Matrix</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_40" data-content-id="196850868" data-thesauri-acronym="keyphrases"> <span class="rating rank_20"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Keyphrases</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=196891567" title="High Mechanical Performance in Keyphrases has a weight of 20%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="20"></canvas> <span class="procent">20</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">High Mechanical Per...</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_40" data-content-id="196891567" data-thesauri-acronym="keyphrases"> <span class="rating rank_20"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Keyphrases</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=197097268" title="Maraging Steel in Keyphrases has a weight of 20%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="20"></canvas> <span class="procent">20</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Maraging Steel</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_40" data-content-id="197097268" data-thesauri-acronym="keyphrases"> <span class="rating rank_20"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Keyphrases</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=197125405" title="High-cycle in Keyphrases has a weight of 20%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="20"></canvas> <span class="procent">20</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">High-cycle</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_40" data-content-id="197125405" data-thesauri-acronym="keyphrases"> <span class="rating rank_20"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Keyphrases</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=216053341" title="Steel Development in Keyphrases has a weight of 20%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="20"></canvas> <span class="procent">20</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Steel Development</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_40" data-content-id="216053341" data-thesauri-acronym="keyphrases"> <span class="rating rank_20"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Keyphrases</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=216285941" title="Performance Matrix in Keyphrases has a weight of 20%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="20"></canvas> <span class="procent">20</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Performance Matrix</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_40" data-content-id="216285941" data-thesauri-acronym="keyphrases"> <span class="rating rank_20"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Keyphrases</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> </div> <h2 class="sub_section">INIS</h2> <div class="concept_listing" data-type="publication_fingerprints" data-content-id="234579706" data-locale="en_GB" popup-ordering="Newest on top"> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195877837" title="steels in INIS has a weight of 100%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="100"></canvas> <span class="procent">100</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">steels</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_100" data-content-id="195877837" data-thesauri-acronym="inis"> <span class="rating rank_100"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">INIS</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195880805" title="nanostructures in INIS has a weight of 100%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="100"></canvas> <span class="procent">100</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">nanostructures</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_100" data-content-id="195880805" data-thesauri-acronym="inis"> <span class="rating rank_100"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">INIS</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195921569" title="fatigue in INIS has a weight of 100%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="100"></canvas> <span class="procent">100</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">fatigue</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_100" data-content-id="195921569" data-thesauri-acronym="inis"> <span class="rating rank_100"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">INIS</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195875023" title="performance in INIS has a weight of 83%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="83"></canvas> <span class="procent">83</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">performance</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_100" data-content-id="195875023" data-thesauri-acronym="inis"> <span class="rating rank_85"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">INIS</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195874942" title="surfaces in INIS has a weight of 50%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="50"></canvas> <span class="procent">50</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">surfaces</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_60" data-content-id="195874942" data-thesauri-acronym="inis"> <span class="rating rank_50"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">INIS</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195875769" title="cost in INIS has a weight of 50%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="50"></canvas> <span class="procent">50</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">cost</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_60" data-content-id="195875769" data-thesauri-acronym="inis"> <span class="rating rank_50"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">INIS</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195873673" title="design in INIS has a weight of 33%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="33"></canvas> <span class="procent">33</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">design</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_40" data-content-id="195873673" data-thesauri-acronym="inis"> <span class="rating rank_35"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">INIS</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195878387" title="matrices in INIS has a weight of 33%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="33"></canvas> <span class="procent">33</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">matrices</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_40" data-content-id="195878387" data-thesauri-acronym="inis"> <span class="rating rank_35"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">INIS</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195883939" title="quenching in INIS has a weight of 33%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="33"></canvas> <span class="procent">33</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">quenching</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_40" data-content-id="195883939" data-thesauri-acronym="inis"> <span class="rating rank_35"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">INIS</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195973581" title="crack propagation in INIS has a weight of 33%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="33"></canvas> <span class="procent">33</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">crack propagation</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_40" data-content-id="195973581" data-thesauri-acronym="inis"> <span class="rating rank_35"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">INIS</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=197696963" title="tempering in INIS has a weight of 33%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="33"></canvas> <span class="procent">33</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">tempering</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_40" data-content-id="197696963" data-thesauri-acronym="inis"> <span class="rating rank_35"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">INIS</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195874206" title="environment in INIS has a weight of 16%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="16"></canvas> <span class="procent">16</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">environment</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_20" data-content-id="195874206" data-thesauri-acronym="inis"> <span class="rating rank_15"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">INIS</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195877472" title="carbon in INIS has a weight of 16%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="16"></canvas> <span class="procent">16</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">carbon</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_20" data-content-id="195877472" data-thesauri-acronym="inis"> <span class="rating rank_15"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">INIS</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195896937" title="pressure range mega pa in INIS has a weight of 16%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="16"></canvas> <span class="procent">16</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">pressure range mega...</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_20" data-content-id="195896937" data-thesauri-acronym="inis"> <span class="rating rank_15"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">INIS</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=197097307" title="maraging steels in INIS has a weight of 16%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="16"></canvas> <span class="procent">16</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">maraging steels</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_20" data-content-id="197097307" data-thesauri-acronym="inis"> <span class="rating rank_15"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">INIS</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> </div> <h2 class="sub_section">Engineering</h2> <div class="concept_listing" data-type="publication_fingerprints" data-content-id="234579706" data-locale="en_GB" popup-ordering="Newest on top"> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195877786" title="Steel in Engineering has a weight of 100%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="100"></canvas> <span class="procent">100</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Steel</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_100" data-content-id="195877786" data-thesauri-acronym="Engineering"> <span class="rating rank_100"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Engineering</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195970791" title="Fatigue Strength in Engineering has a weight of 100%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="100"></canvas> <span class="procent">100</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Fatigue Strength</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_100" data-content-id="195970791" data-thesauri-acronym="Engineering"> <span class="rating rank_100"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Engineering</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195869303" title="Surface in Engineering has a weight of 60%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="60"></canvas> <span class="procent">60</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Surface</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_80" data-content-id="195869303" data-thesauri-acronym="Engineering"> <span class="rating rank_60"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Engineering</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195869138" title="Design in Engineering has a weight of 40%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="40"></canvas> <span class="procent">40</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Design</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_60" data-content-id="195869138" data-thesauri-acronym="Engineering"> <span class="rating rank_40"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Engineering</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=196016644" title="Multiscale in Engineering has a weight of 40%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="40"></canvas> <span class="procent">40</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Multiscale</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_60" data-content-id="196016644" data-thesauri-acronym="Engineering"> <span class="rating rank_40"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Engineering</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=196040700" title="Mechanical Performance in Engineering has a weight of 40%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="40"></canvas> <span class="procent">40</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Mechanical Performa...</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_60" data-content-id="196040700" data-thesauri-acronym="Engineering"> <span class="rating rank_40"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Engineering</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=196138585" title="Cost Performance in Engineering has a weight of 40%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="40"></canvas> <span class="procent">40</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Cost Performance</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_60" data-content-id="196138585" data-thesauri-acronym="Engineering"> <span class="rating rank_40"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Engineering</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=240030481" title="Solvent Extraction in Engineering has a weight of 40%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="40"></canvas> <span class="procent">40</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Solvent Extraction</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_60" data-content-id="240030481" data-thesauri-acronym="Engineering"> <span class="rating rank_40"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Engineering</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195868838" title="Development in Engineering has a weight of 20%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="20"></canvas> <span class="procent">20</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Development</span> </span> <span class="concept_badge less_40" data-content-id="195868838" data-thesauri-acronym="Engineering"> <span class="rating rank_20"><em></em></span> <span class="domain"> <span class="text">Engineering</span> </span> </span> </div></span></a> </div> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195869939" title="Performance in Engineering has a weight of 20%"><span> <div 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