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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кіру</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Басқа баптаулар" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Жеке құралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Жеке құралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Қатысушы мәзірі" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=kk.wikipedia.org&uselang=kk"><span>Демеу беру</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96&returnto=%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5" title="Біз сізге есептік жазба бастауды және кіруді ұсынамыз,ол міндетті емес."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Тіркелу</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96&returnto=%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5" title="Кіруіңізді ұсынамыз, ол міндетті емес. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кіру</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Шыққан өңдеушілерге арналған беттер <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" aria-label="Өңдеу туралы көбірек білу"><span>көбірек білу</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжаймен жасаған өңдемелер тізімі [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Үлесім</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжай өңдемелерін 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class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Мазмұны" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Мазмұны</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Өкпе_қатерлі_ісігі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Өкпе_қатерлі_ісігі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Өкпе қатерлі ісігі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Өкпе_қатерлі_ісігі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Өкпе_секвестрациясы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Өкпе_секвестрациясы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Өкпе секвестрациясы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Өкпе_секвестрациясы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сильвестрдің_өкпедегі_ауа_тазартқыш_тәсілі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сильвестрдің_өкпедегі_ауа_тазартқыш_тәсілі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Сильвестрдің өкпедегі ауа тазартқыш тәсілі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сильвестрдің_өкпедегі_ауа_тазартқыш_тәсілі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тағы_қараңыз" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тағы_қараңыз"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Тағы қараңыз</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тағы_қараңыз-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Дереккөздер" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дереккөздер"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Дереккөздер</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дереккөздер-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Мазмұны" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Мазмұны" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Мазмұнды көрсету/жасыру" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Мазмұнды көрсету/жасыру</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Өкпе</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Басқа тілдегі мақалаға өту. 171 тілде қолжетімді" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-171" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">171 тіл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%27ueb" title="S'ueb – ачех тілі" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="S'ueb" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ачех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long" title="Long – африкаанс тілі" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Long" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunge" title="Lunge – неміс тілі (Швейцария)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Lunge" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі (Швейцария)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B3%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A3" title="ሳምባ – амхар тілі" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሳምባ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polm%C3%B3n" title="Polmón – арагон тілі" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Polmón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A9" title="رئة – араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رئة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AA%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܪܐܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܪܐܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%93" title="হাঁওফাঁও – ассам тілі" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হাঁওফাঁও" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulm%C3%B3n" title="Pulmón – астурия тілі" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pulmón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opan" title="Opan – атикамек тілі" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Opan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="атикамек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Гьуърул – авар тілі" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Гьуърул" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="авар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuyma" title="Chuyma – аймара тілі" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Chuyma" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9Fciy%C9%99r" title="Ağciyər – әзірбайжан тілі" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ağciyər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзірбайжан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%BA%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="آغ‌جییر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آغ‌جییر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D3%99" title="Үпкә – башқұрт тілі" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Үпкә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башқұрт тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baga_(anatomiya)" title="Baga (anatomiya) – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Baga (anatomiya)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Лёгкія – беларусь тілі" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лёгкія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусь тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Лёгкія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лёгкія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Бял дроб – болгар тілі" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бял дроб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8" title="ফুসফুস – бенгал тілі" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফুসফুস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="གློ་བ། – тибет тілі" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གློ་བ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибет тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skevent" title="Skevent – бретон тілі" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skevent" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plu%C4%87a" title="Pluća – босния тілі" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pluća" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босния тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rak" title="Rak – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Rak" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Уушхан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уушхан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulm%C3%B3" title="Pulmó – каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pulmó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C3%A9_(k%C3%A9-gu%C4%83ng)" title="Hié (ké-guăng) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hié (ké-guăng)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baga_(anatomiya)" title="Baga (anatomiya) – себуано тілі" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Baga (anatomiya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%97%E1%8F%9B%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%97%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%99%E1%8F%97" title="ᏗᏛᎵᏗᏍᏙᏗ – чероки тілі" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏗᏛᎵᏗᏍᏙᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="чероки тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C_(%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="سی (ئەندام) – сорани тілі" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سی (ئەندام)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="сорани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%ADce" title="Plíce – чех тілі" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Plíce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Ӳпке – чуваш тілі" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ӳпке" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysgyfaint" title="Ysgyfaint – валлий тілі" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ysgyfaint" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлий тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunge_(bredere_betydning)" title="Lunge (bredere betydning) – дат тілі" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lunge (bredere betydning)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дат тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapu%C9%A3u" title="Sapuɣu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Sapuɣu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunge" title="Lunge – неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lunge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciger" title="Ciger – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ciger" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%AA%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%95%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%AD" title="ފުއްޕާމޭ – дивехи тілі" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފުއްޕާމޭ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="дивехи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πνεύμονας – грек тілі" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πνεύμονας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm%C3%B2%E1%B9%85" title="Palmòṅ – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Palmòṅ" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="жақсы мақалалар"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung" title="Lung – ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lung" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmo" title="Pulmo – эсперанто тілі" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pulmo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulm%C3%B3n" title="Pulmón – испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pulmón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopsud" title="Kopsud – эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kopsud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="таңдаулы мақалалар"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birika" title="Birika – баск тілі" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Birika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B4" title="شش – парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keuhkot" title="Keuhkot – фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Keuhkot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4%C3%BC" title="Täü – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Täü" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatevuso" title="Yatevuso – фиджи тілі" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Yatevuso" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фиджи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poumon" title="Poumon – француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Poumon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long" title="Long – батыс фриз тілі" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Long" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="батыс фриз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scamh%C3%B3g" title="Scamhóg – ирланд тілі" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Scamhóg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poumon" title="Poumon – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Poumon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sgamhan" title="Sgamhan – шотландиялық гэль тілі" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sgamhan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландиялық гэль тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulm%C3%B3n" title="Pulmón – галисия тілі" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pulmón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91e%27%C3%A3vev%C3%BAi" title="Ñe'ãvevúi – гуарани тілі" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñe'ãvevúi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%AB%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82" title="ફેફસાં – гуджарати тілі" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ફેફસાં" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарати тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huhu" title="Huhu – хауса тілі" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Huhu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi" title="Hi – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94" title="ריאה – иврит тілі" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריאה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="फुप्फुस – хинди тілі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फुप्फुस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plu%C4%87a" title="Pluća – хорват тілі" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pluća" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCd%C5%91" title="Tüdő – венгр тілі" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tüdő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Թոքեր – армян тілі" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թոքեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmones" title="Pulmones – интерлингва тілі" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pulmones" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paru-paru" title="Paru-paru – индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paru-paru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmon" title="Pulmon – интерлингве тілі" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Pulmon" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="интерлингве тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puvak" title="Puvak – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Puvak" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bara" title="Bara – илоко тілі" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bara" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Пехкаш – ингуш тілі" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Пехкаш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ингуш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmono" title="Pulmono – идо тілі" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pulmono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunga" title="Lunga – исланд тілі" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lunga" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polmone" title="Polmone – итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Polmone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%BA" title="肺 – жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="肺" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long" title="Long – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Long" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/fepri" title="fepri – ложбан тілі" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="fepri" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paru-paru" title="Paru-paru – ява тілі" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paru-paru" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ява тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ფილტვები – грузин тілі" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფილტვები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin" title="Turin – кабил тілі" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Turin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%CA%8Bz%CA%8B%CA%8B" title="Hʋzʋʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hʋzʋʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B6" title="ಶ್ವಾಸಕೋಶ – каннада тілі" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶ್ವಾಸಕೋಶ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%88%ED%8C%8C" title="허파 – корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="허파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B4" title="شوٗش – кашмир тілі" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="شوٗش" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмир тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BF%D0%BA%D3%A9" title="Өпкө – қырғыз тілі" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Өпкө" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="қырғыз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmo" title="Pulmo – латын тілі" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pulmo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long" title="Long – люксембург тілі" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Long" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембург тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83" title="Гьутру – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Гьутру" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жигер – лезгин тілі" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Жигер" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезгин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmon" title="Pulmon – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Pulmon" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3nge" title="Lónge – лимбург тілі" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Lónge" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбург тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lip%C3%BAl%C3%BAl%C3%BA" title="Lipúlúlú – лингала тілі" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lipúlúlú" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%94" title="ປອດ – лаос тілі" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປອດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаос тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plau%C4%8Diai" title="Plaučiai – литва тілі" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Plaučiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plau%C5%A1as" title="Plaušas – латыш тілі" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Plaušas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paru-paru" title="Paru-paru – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Paru-paru" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Тевлафне – мокша тілі" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Тевлафне" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокша тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havokavoka" title="Havokavoka – малагаси тілі" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Havokavoka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагаси тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Бели дробови – македон тілі" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бели дробови" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="ശ്വാസകോശം – малаялам тілі" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശ്വാസകോശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Уушги – моңғол тілі" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уушги" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="моңғол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="फुफ्फुस – маратхи тілі" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फुफ्फुस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Шоды – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Шоды" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paru-paru" title="Paru-paru – малай тілі" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paru-paru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmun" title="Pulmun – мальта тілі" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Pulmun" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="мальта тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%86%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="အဆုတ် – бирма тілі" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဆုတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирма тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2" title="Тевеляв – эрзя тілі" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Тевеляв" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзя тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%A9" title="پک – мазандеран тілі" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандеран тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B" title="फोक्सो – непал тілі" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फोक्सो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%99" title="लुङ – невар тілі" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लुङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="невар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_(orgaan)" title="Long (orgaan) – нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Long (orgaan)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunge" title="Lunge – норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lunge" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunge" title="Lunge – норвегиялық букмол тілі" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lunge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық букмол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmon" title="Palmon – окситан тілі" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Palmon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਫੇਫੜਾ – пенджаб тілі" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫੇਫੜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджаб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bala" title="Bala – пангасинан тілі" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Bala" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="пангасинан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baga" title="Baga – пампанга тілі" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Baga" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="пампанга тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmon" title="Pulmon – папьяменто тілі" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Pulmon" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папьяменто тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%82uco" title="Płuco – поляк тілі" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Płuco" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polmon" title="Polmon – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Polmon" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%BE%D9%BE%DA%BE%DA%91%DB%92" title="پھپھڑے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پھپھڑے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%96%D9%8A" title="سږي – пушту тілі" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سږي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulm%C3%A3o" title="Pulmão – португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pulmão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surq%27an" title="Surq'an – кечуа тілі" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Surq'an" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C4%83m%C3%A2n" title="Plămân – румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Plămân" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plimunu" title="Plimunu – арумын тілі" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Plimunu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="арумын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Лёгкие – орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лёгкие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%83" title="फुफ्फुसः – санскрит тілі" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="फुफ्फुसः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D2%A5%D0%B0" title="Тыҥа – саха тілі" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тыҥа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prumone" title="Prumone – сардин тілі" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Prumone" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purmuna" title="Purmuna – сицилия тілі" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Purmuna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffs" title="Buffs – шотланд тілі" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Buffs" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A6%DA%A6%DA%99" title="ڦڦڙ – синдхи тілі" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڦڦڙ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geahpp%C3%A1t" title="Geahppát – солтүстік саам тілі" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Geahppát" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="солтүстік саам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plu%C4%87a" title="Pluća – серб-хорват тілі" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pluća" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="серб-хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung" title="Lung – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lung" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%BE%C3%BAca" title="Pľúca – словак тілі" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pľúca" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plju%C4%8Da" title="Pljuča – словен тілі" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pljuča" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapapu" title="Mapapu – шона тілі" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mapapu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambab" title="Sambab – сомали тілі" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sambab" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushk%C3%ABria" title="Mushkëria – албан тілі" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mushkëria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%9B%D0%B0" title="Плућа – серб тілі" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Плућа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayah" title="Bayah – сундан тілі" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bayah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunga" title="Lunga – швед тілі" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lunga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapafu" title="Mapafu – суахили тілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mapafu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/bala%27" title="bala' – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="bala'" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நுரையீரல் – тамил тілі" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நுரையீரல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8A%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ఊపిరితిత్తులు – телугу тілі" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఊపిరితిత్తులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%88" title="Шуш – тәжік тілі" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шуш" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="тәжік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94" title="ปอด – тай тілі" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปอด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baga_(anatomiya)" title="Baga (anatomiya) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Baga (anatomiya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akci%C4%9Fer" title="Akciğer – түрік тілі" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Akciğer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түрік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D3%99" title="Үпкә – татар тілі" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Үпкә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%BE%D9%83%DB%95" title="ئۆپكە – ұйғыр тілі" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئۆپكە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ұйғыр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Легені – украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Легені" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%BE%DA%BE%DA%91%DB%92" title="پھیپھڑے – урду тілі" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پھیپھڑے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%CA%BBpka" title="Oʻpka – өзбек тілі" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oʻpka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polmon" title="Polmon – венеция тілі" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Polmon" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="венеция тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%95i" title="Phổi – вьетнам тілі" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phổi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lueg" title="Lueg – волапюк тілі" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lueg" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peumon" title="Peumon – валлон тілі" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Peumon" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baga_(anatomiya)" title="Baga (anatomiya) – варай тілі" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Baga (anatomiya)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%BA" title="肺 – қытай тілі (У)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="肺" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі (У)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B3" title="Оошг – қалмақ тілі" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Оошг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="қалмақ тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imiphunga" title="Imiphunga – кхоса тілі" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Imiphunga" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="кхоса тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9F%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ფიჟვი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფიჟვი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="לונג – идиш тілі" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwt" title="Bwt – чжуан тілі" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bwt" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="чжуан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%BA" title="肺 – қытай тілі" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="肺" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%BA" title="肺 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="肺" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AC_(kh%C3%AC-koan)" title="Hì (khì-koan) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hì (khì-koan)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%BA" title="肺 – кантон тілі" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="肺" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7886#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Тіларалық сілтемелерді өңдеу" class="wbc-editpage">Сілтемелерді 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="kk" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Diagrama_de_los_pulmones-c2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Diagrama_de_los_pulmones-c2.svg/220px-Diagrama_de_los_pulmones-c2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Diagrama_de_los_pulmones-c2.svg/330px-Diagrama_de_los_pulmones-c2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Diagrama_de_los_pulmones-c2.svg/440px-Diagrama_de_los_pulmones-c2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>Өкпе</figcaption></figure> <figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/kk/6/6e/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="400" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" usemap="#ImageMap_720354195b7573ff" resource="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96.jpg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_720354195b7573ff"><area href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5" shape="rect" coords="16,134,52,155" alt="Өкпе" title="Өкпе" /><area href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0" shape="rect" coords="8,363,61,386" alt="Қабырға" title="Қабырға" /><area href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" shape="rect" coords="315,32,395,53" alt="Мұрын қуысы" title="Мұрын қуысы" /><area href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83" shape="rect" coords="340,86,383,111" alt="Танау" title="Танау" /><area href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D2%9B%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" shape="rect" coords="318,125,391,145" alt="Ауыз қуысы" title="Ауыз қуысы" /><area href="/wiki/%D0%96%D2%B1%D1%82%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%9B" shape="rect" coords="317,157,388,181" alt="Жұтқыншақ" title="Жұтқыншақ" /><area href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9" shape="rect" coords="339,183,386,199" alt="Көмей" title="Көмей" /><area href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A3%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA" shape="rect" coords="328,206,383,225" alt="Кеңірдек" title="Кеңірдек" /><area href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8B" shape="rect" coords="343,256,392,275" alt="Бронхы" title="Бронхы" /><area href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" shape="rect" coords="327,276,389,296" alt="Бронхиола" title="Бронхиола" /><area href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" shape="rect" coords="285,371,354,393" alt="Диафрагма" title="Диафрагма" /></map><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Дем алу жүйесі">Дем алу жүйесі</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Өкпе</b> (<i>pulmones</i>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Латын тілі">лат.</a> <span lang="la"><i>pulmo</i></span> – өкпе) — адам мен жануарлардың тыныс алу мүшесі. Пішіні жартылай <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Конустәрізділік">конус</a> тәрізді, оның төменгі жағы немесе негізі ойыстау біткен, кеуде қуысын іш қуысынан бөліп тұратын <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BA_%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Көк ет">көк ет</a>ке кіріп жатады. Жоғарғы жағы сүйір, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D2%B1%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Бұғана">бұғана</a> сүйегінен 2 – 3 см-дей шығып, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Мойын">мойын</a>ның төменгі бөлігіне еніп жатады. Сыртында сірлі қабық – өкпеқап (плевра) болады. Өкпеге ауатамырлары (бронх), өкпе артериясы келеді де, одан екі өкпе венасы шығады. Сол жақ өкпе екі бөліктен (жоғарғы, төменгі), ал оң жақ өкпе үш бөліктен (жоғарғы, ортаңғы және төменгі) тұрады. Өкпеішілік ауатамырлар жүйесі тармақты ауатамыр түзеді, бөліктік ауатамырлардың ұшындағы тармақтары ауатамыршаларға (бронхиолаларға) бөлінеді әрі тыныс алу бөлігіне өтеді. Ауатамыршалары көпіршікті жолдар түзеді онымен қоса оның ішінде өте көп майда көпіршіктер (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Альвеола">альвеол</a>дар) болады. Ересек адамның екі өкпесіне 700 млн-нан астам көпіршіктер сияды. Жан-жағын қантамырлар капиллярлары қоршаған көпіршектерде газ алмасу жүреді. Өкпеде жұтқан ауа қанға өтеді, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Көмір қышқыл газы">көмір қышқыл газы</a> қаннан ауаға шығады. Адамның жалпы орташа өкпе сыйымдылығы – 2680'120. Өкпе дене температурасының тұрақтылығын сақтауға, <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%B1%D1%8E%D1%8B" title="Қан ұюы">қан ұюы</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Ақуыз">ақуыз</a>, май және <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Көміртек">көміртек</a> алмасу процестеріне қатысады.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Көп кездесетін өкпе аурулары: <i><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Өкпе қабынуы">өкпе қабынуы</a>, өкпе қатерлі ісігі, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Туберкулез">туберкулез</a></i>, т.б. Өкпе омыртқалалардың эволюциялық даму барысында <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D2%A3%D1%96" title="Девон кезеңі">девон кезеңінде</a> тіршілік еткен сауытты және саусаққанатты балықтарда, ал <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Палеозой">палеозойда</a> – қостынысты балықтарда пайда болды. Кейбір құйрықты қосмекенділерде (мысалы, өкпесіз саламандрда) өкпе болмайды. Қазіргі кезде тіршілік ететін қостыныстыларда, <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Қосмекенділер">қосмекенділерде</a>, кейбір бауырымен жорғалаушыларда (<a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гаттерия">гаттерия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D2%9B%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Жармасқы">жармасқы</a>) газ алмасу жүретін бір бөлікті өкпенің үстіңгі беті дәнекерұлпалы-бұлшықетті перде бөлетін ұяшықтар немесе көпіршік түзілістер есебінен ұлғаяды. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Кесіртке">Кесірткелер</a> мен <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Жылан">жыландарда</a> перделер күрделіленіп ұзарады. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Тасбақа">Тасбақа</a>, келестерде, негізінен қолтырауындарда күрделіленген перделер көп бөлікті өкпе түзеді. Құстардың өкпесі тығыз, оны ауамен ауа қапшықтар жүйесі толтырады. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%82%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сүтқоректілер">Сүтқоректілердің</a> өкпесі кеуекті, майысқақ, сондықтан да оның көлемінің ұлғаюы өкпе ішіндегі шеміршекті қаңқа мен тегіс бұлшық еттің дамуына байланысты.<sup id="cite_ref-source1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-source1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Өкпедегі_газ_алмасу"><span id=".D3.A8.D0.BA.D0.BF.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.B3.D1.96_.D0.B3.D0.B0.D0.B7_.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.83"></span>Өкпедегі газ алмасу</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Өкпедегі газ алмасу" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5&action=edit&section=1" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Өкпедегі газ алмасу"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Адам">Адам</a> құрамында 21% <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Оттек">оттек</a>, 79% <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот">азот</a>, 0.03% <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Көмірқышқыл газ">көмірқышқыл газы</a> бар атмосфералық ауамен тыныс алады. Дем шығарғандағы ауада 16% <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Оттек">оттек</a>, 4.0% <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Көмірқышқыл газ">көмірқышқыл газы</a> және 79% <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот">азот</a> болады. Дем алғандағы және дем шығарғандағы ауа құрамындағы <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Оттек">оттек</a> пен <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Көмірқышқыл газ">көмірқышқыл газының</a> айырмашылығы - өкпедегі <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83" title="Газ алмасу">газ алмасу</a> нәтижесі болып табылады. Өкпеде <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83" title="Газ алмасу">газ алмасу</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Диффузия">диффузия</a> жолымен жүреді. Өкпе <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Капилляр">капиллярына</a> түскен <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вена">вена</a> қанында <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Оттек">оттек</a> аз, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Көмірқышқыл газ">көмірқышқыл газы</a> көп. Сондықтан <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Альвеола">альвеола</a> ауасындағы <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Оттек">оттек</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Қан">қанға</a> араласады, ал <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Көмірқышқыл газ">көмірқышқыл газы</a> қаннан өкпе альвеоласына түседі. Өкпедегі <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83" title="Газ алмасу">газ алмасуды</a> <b>сыртқы тыныс алу</b> дейді. Қандағы <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Оттек">оттек</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эритроциттер">эритроциттерге</a> өтеді де, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Гемоглобин">гемоглобинмен</a> берік емес байланысып, оксигемоглобин түзеді. <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вена">Вена</a> қаны <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Артерия">артерия</a> қанына айналады да, өкпе венасы арқылы <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Жүрек">жүрекке</a>, одан қанайналымның үлкен шеңберінің тамырларына түседі. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Көмірқышқыл газ">Көмірқышқыл газы</a> альвеоладан ауа тасымалдайтын жол арқылы сыртқа шығарылады.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Өкпе_қабынуы"><span id=".D3.A8.D0.BA.D0.BF.D0.B5_.D2.9B.D0.B0.D0.B1.D1.8B.D0.BD.D1.83.D1.8B"></span>Өкпе қабынуы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Өкпе қабынуы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5&action=edit&section=2" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Өкпе қабынуы"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Өкпе қабынуы</b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Пневмония">Пневмония</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Өкпе_қатерлі_ісігі"><span id=".D3.A8.D0.BA.D0.BF.D0.B5_.D2.9B.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BB.D1.96_.D1.96.D1.81.D1.96.D0.B3.D1.96"></span>Өкпе қатерлі ісігі</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Өкпе қатерлі ісігі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5&action=edit&section=3" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Өкпе қатерлі ісігі"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Өкпе қатерлі ісігі</b>, өкпе рагы – адам өкпесіне түскен қатерлі ісік; созылмалы ауру. Өкпе қатерлі ісігінің пайда болуына сыртқы және ішкі себептер әсер етеді. Сыртқы себептерге: тыныс алу жолдары мен өкпеге физикалық, химиялық, канцерогендік заттармен ластанған ауаның, зиянды заттардың (шаң-тозаң, асбесвт, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром">хром</a>, т.б.) енуі, темекіні жиі тарту; ал ішкі себептерге: өкпедегі әр түрлі созылмалы қабынулар, иммундық жүйке қызметінің төмендеуі жатады. Өкпе қатерлі ісігіне әйелдерге қарағанда 45 – 60 жас аралығындағы ер адамдар жиі шалдығады. Бұл дерт анатоммя тұрғыдан төрт топқа (жалпақ клеткалы, бездік, бронхоальвеолярлық, пісіп жетілмеген) жіктеледі. Ісік клеткаларының пісіп-жетілуі неғұрлым төмен болса, соғұрлым оны болжау қиынға түседі, ісік тез өсіп, ауру асқынады, яғни бөгелме ісіктер пайда болады. Өкпе қатерлі ісігінің клиникалық белгілері оның орналасқан жеріне, кеңірдек қуысының ісікпен бітелу дәрежесіне, бөгелме ісіктердің болу, болмауына тікелей байланысты. Дерт алғашқыда кеуденің шаншып ауруымен (әсіресе дем алған кезде) басталады. Бұл кезде науқас құрғақ жөтеледі, сонан соң жабысқақ қақырық пайда болып, оған қан араласады. Адам ентігіп, демігеді, дене қызуы көтеріліп, қатты жүдейді. Ауру асқынғанда қатерлі ісік клеткалары қан мен лимфаға араласып, бүкіл организмге таралуы мүмкін. Мұндай жағдайда ешқандай ем қолдануға мүмкіндік болмайды. Ауруды анықтау үшін: жалпы клиника (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Анамнез">анамнез</a>, сипау, кеудені тыңдау, т.б.); параклиника (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Рентген">рентген</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Компьютерлік томография">компьютерлік томография</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Ультрадыбыс">ультрадыбыс</a> арқылы, т.б.); бронхоскопия, бронхография, т.б. әдістер қолданылады. Диагноз қою қиындағанда диагностик. және емдік <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Торакотомия">торакотомия</a> (кеуде қуысын ашу) жасалынады. Емі: ісікке қарсы дәріні кешенді және араластыра беру, хирургиялық операция жасау, сәулемен емдеу, химиялық терапия әдістерін қолдану. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Өкпе_секвестрациясы"><span id=".D3.A8.D0.BA.D0.BF.D0.B5_.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.B2.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.81.D1.8B"></span>Өкпе секвестрациясы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Өкпе секвестрациясы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5&action=edit&section=4" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Өкпе секвестрациясы"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Өкпе секвестрациясы</b> — өкпедегі тіндердің өлі етке айналып, айналадағы тірі тіндерден дербес бөлінген бір бөлігі, дамудың ақауы, әдетте ауытқып дамитын өкпе тінінің бір бөлігі аз <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Қан">қан</a> айналымында әдеттегі анатомиялық-физиологиялық байланыстан (кеңірдек тарамы мен қан тамырларынан) бөлінеді және үлкен қан айналымында әдетте қолқадан бұрылып кететін күре тамыр қанымен жабдықтандырылады.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Сильвестрдің_өкпедегі_ауа_тазартқыш_тәсілі"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B8.D0.BB.D1.8C.D0.B2.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B4.D1.96.D2.A3_.D3.A9.D0.BA.D0.BF.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.B3.D1.96_.D0.B0.D1.83.D0.B0_.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.82.D2.9B.D1.8B.D1.88_.D1.82.D3.99.D1.81.D1.96.D0.BB.D1.96"></span>Сильвестрдің өкпедегі ауа тазартқыш тәсілі</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Сильвестрдің өкпедегі ауа тазартқыш тәсілі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5&action=edit&section=5" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Сильвестрдің өкпедегі ауа тазартқыш тәсілі"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Сильвестрдің өкпедегі ауа тазартқыш тәсілі</b> — өкпедегі жасанды <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B0" title="Ауа">ауа</a> тазартқыш тәсілі, шалқасынан жатқан зақымданушының қолын басына қойып, демін ішке жұтқызу, ал демді шығарғанда қолын түсіріп, оның көкірек қуысын қысып сығу.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тағы_қараңыз"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D2.93.D1.8B_.D2.9B.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.A3.D1.8B.D0.B7"></span>Тағы қараңыз</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Тағы қараңыз" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5&action=edit&section=6" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Тағы қараңыз"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Өкпе сыйымдылықтары">Өкпе сыйымдылықтары</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дереккөздер"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.BA.D3.A9.D0.B7.D0.B4.D0.B5.D1.80"></span>Дереккөздер</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Дереккөздер" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B5&action=edit&section=7" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Дереккөздер"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Бес жүз бес сөз.— Алматы: Рауан, 1994 жыл. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5625024596" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-625-02459-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-source1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-source1_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Қазақ Энциклопедиясы"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Биология:Жалпы білім беретін мектептің 8-сыныбына арналған оқулық. Алматы: «Атамұра» баспасы, 2008. ISВN 9965-36-557-1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Пульмонология терминдерінің орысша-қазақша түсіндірме сөздігі. Алматы: Ана тілі. 1996. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5630004735" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-630-00473-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Биология:Жалпы білім беретін мектептің 8-сыныбына арналған оқулық. Алматы: «Атамұра» баспасы, 2008. ISВN 9965-34-812-Х</span> </li> </ol> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ambox_wikify.svg/40px-Ambox_wikify.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ambox_wikify.svg/60px-Ambox_wikify.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ambox_wikify.svg/80px-Ambox_wikify.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Бұл мақаланы Уикипедия <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%96" title="Уикипедия:Уикидің негізгі синтаксисі">сапа талаптарына</a> лайықты болуы үшін <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83" title="Уикипедия:Уикилендіру">уикилендіру</a> қажет.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Өкпе&oldid=3420288">https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Өкпе&oldid=3420288</a>» бетінен алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Арнайы:Санаттар">Санаттар</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Санат:Анатомия">Анатомия</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Санат:Тыныс алу жүйесі">Тыныс алу жүйесі</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Санат:Пульмонология">Пульмонология</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Жасырын санат: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:ISBN_%D1%81%D0%B8%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Санат:ISBN сиқырлы сілтемелері қолданылған беттер">ISBN сиқырлы сілтемелері қолданылған беттер</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Уикилендіруі қажет мақалалар">Уикилендіруі қажет мақалалар</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Бұл беттің соңғы рет өзгертілген кезі: 2025 ж. қаңтардың 9, 20:06.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Мәтін <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike лицензиясы</a> аясында қолжетімді; қосымша шарттар қолданылуы мүмкін. 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