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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceylon_Workers%27_Congress" title="Ceylon Workers' Congress – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ceylon Workers' Congress" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA" title="ලංකා කම්කරු කොංග්‍රසය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලංකා කම්කරු කොංග්‍රසය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ceylon+Workers%27+Congress%22">"Ceylon Workers' Congress"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ceylon+Workers%27+Congress%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ceylon+Workers%27+Congress%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ceylon+Workers%27+Congress%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ceylon+Workers%27+Congress%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ceylon+Workers%27+Congress%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #FF0000; border-bottom:2px solid #FF0000; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Ceylon Workers' Congress</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">இலங்கை தொழிலாளர் காங்கிரஸ்<br />ලංකා කම්කරු කොංග්‍රසය</div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Senthil_Thondaman" title="Senthil Thondaman">Senthil Thondaman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Savumiamoorthy_Thondaman" title="Savumiamoorthy Thondaman">Savumiamoorthy Thondaman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1939<span class="noprint">; 85 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1939</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Indian_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon Indian Congress">Ceylon Indian Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">72 Ananda Coomaraswamy Mawatha, <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a> 07</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian socialism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Tamils_(Indian_origin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lanka Tamils (Indian origin)">Indian Tamil interests</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Alliance_(Sri_Lanka)" title="People's Alliance (Sri Lanka)">People's Alliance</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2004)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Freedom_Alliance" title="United People's Freedom Alliance">United People's Freedom Alliance</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2004–2019)</span><br /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_People%27s_Freedom_Alliance" title="Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance">Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2019–2022)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Front_(Sri_Lanka)" title="New Democratic Front (Sri Lanka)">New Democratic Front</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">green</a>, <a href="/wiki/White" title="White">white</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Parliament">Parliament of Sri Lanka</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 225</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DC241f; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Election symbol</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Cockerel</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ceylon_Workers%27_Congress.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Ceylon_Workers%27_Congress.svg/150px-Flag_of_Ceylon_Workers%27_Congress.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Ceylon_Workers%27_Congress.svg/225px-Flag_of_Ceylon_Workers%27_Congress.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Ceylon_Workers%27_Congress.svg/300px-Flag_of_Ceylon_Workers%27_Congress.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #FF0000;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Politics of Sri Lanka">Politics of Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of political parties in Sri Lanka">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Elections in Sri Lanka">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Ceylon Workers' Congress</b> (CWC) (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">இலங்கை தொழிலாளர் காங்கிரஸ்</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Tamil-language romanization"><i lang="ta-Latn">Ilaṅkai Toḻilāḷar Kāṅkiras</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a>: <span lang="si">ලංකා කම්කරු කොංග්‍රසය</span> <i>Lanka Kamkaru Kongrasaya</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> that has traditionally represented <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Tamils_(Indian_origin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lanka Tamils (Indian origin)">Sri Lankan Tamils of Indian origin</a> working in the plantation sector of the economy. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceylon_Workers%27_Congress&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CWC was formed by <a href="/wiki/Peri_Sundaram" title="Peri Sundaram">Peri Sundaram</a> and <a href="/wiki/G._R._Motha" title="G. R. Motha">G. R. Motha</a> as an Indian Estates Workers Trade Union in 1950. It was an outgrowth of the Ceylon Indian Congress (CIC), formed 15 July 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1950 the CIC changed its name to the Ceylon Workers Congress (CWC) and became the largest trade union in the country. Another trade union, the Democratic Workers Congress (DWC), was formed in 1956 as a breakaway faction of the CWC as a result of leadership rivalries between the president, S. Thondaman, and the general secretary <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Aziz_(Sri_Lankan_politician)" title="Abdul Aziz (Sri Lankan politician)">A. Aziz</a>. The former retained control of the CWC to date. Thondaman has been the dominant trade union leader of the Indian Tamil workers for nearly four decades. As president of the Ceylon Indian Congress, he contested the <a href="/wiki/Nuwara_Eliya_Electoral_District" title="Nuwara Eliya Electoral District">Nuwara Eliya</a> seat at the <a href="/wiki/1947_Ceylonese_parliamentary_election" title="1947 Ceylonese parliamentary election">1947 general election</a> and won. His party put forward eight candidates in the plantation electorates and seven of them were returned, they were Thondaman, <a href="/wiki/S._M._Subbaiah" title="S. M. Subbaiah">S. M. Subbaiah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Badulla_Electoral_District_(1947%E2%80%931989)" title="Badulla Electoral District (1947–1989)">Badulla</a>), <a href="/wiki/G._R._Motha" title="G. R. Motha">G. R. Motha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maskeliya_Electoral_District" title="Maskeliya Electoral District">Maskeliya</a>), <a href="/wiki/K._Rajalingam" title="K. Rajalingam">K. Rajalingam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nawalapitiya_Electoral_District" title="Nawalapitiya Electoral District">Nawalapitiya</a>), <a href="/wiki/K._Kumaravelu" class="mw-redirect" title="K. Kumaravelu">K. Kumaravelu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kotagala_Electoral_District" title="Kotagala Electoral District">Kotagala</a>), <a href="/wiki/C._V._Velupillai" title="C. V. Velupillai">C. V. Velupillai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Talawakelle_Electoral_District" title="Talawakelle Electoral District">Talawakelle</a>) and <a href="/wiki/D._Ramanujam" class="mw-redirect" title="D. Ramanujam">D. Ramanujam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alutnuwara_Electoral_District" title="Alutnuwara Electoral District">Alutnuwara</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceylon_Workers%27_Congress&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The political potentiality of the Indian Tamil workers and the CIC led by Thondaman were viewed as threats to the power of the ruling <a href="/wiki/United_National_Party" title="United National Party">United National Party</a>. Another view was that the enfranchisement of the Indian workers would interfere with the representation of the Kandyan Sinhalese in the legislature. However, the main reason for the disenfranchisement was the fear of political leaders like Senanayake<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (November 2018)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> (and even <a href="/wiki/Arunachalam_Ponnambalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Arunachalam Ponnambalam">Ponnambalam</a>) that the estate sector would become a prey to the Marxist movement. The left movement was militant and had a public image which concealed that its political strength was minuscule. However, the political leaders of the era had a more pessimistic prognosis.<sup id="cite_ref-kms_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kms-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though the <a href="/wiki/Donoughmore_Constitution" title="Donoughmore Constitution">Donoughmore Constitution</a> had granted universal franchise to Ceylonese, this was not applied to the Indian Estate Tamils, due to opposition from caste-conscious Colombo Tamils, vote conscious Kandyan Sinhalese, as well as due to the general opposition to any form of universal franchise. The latter was named "mob rule" by Arunachalam Ponnambalam.<sup id="cite_ref-jane_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jane-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, even by 1939, only a fraction of the Hill-country Tamils had been granted the franchise. The fear of Marxist control of the estates, as well as the pressure of Kandyan politicians, led to attempts to not to extend citizenship to the Indian Tamils of the newly independent nation, except under very stringent conditions. In effect, the <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Citizenship_Act" title="Ceylon Citizenship Act">Ceylon Citizenship Act</a> of 1948 and the Indian and Pakistani Residents (Citizenship) Act No.3 of 1949 were passed by the Sri Lankan Parliament and simply reinforced the <i>status quo</i> of the harsher pre-Donoughmore era prior to Universal Franchise (see <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Tamils_(Indian_origin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lanka Tamils (Indian origin)">Sri Lanka Tamils (Indian origin)</a> for more details of dis-enfranchisement). </p><p>Thondaman opposed those laws and argued that most of the Indians were permanent residents and were the sons and daughters of the soil as are the Sinhalese or the "Malabar Tamils". The Marxist politicians criticised the move as an act of capitalist-imperialist lackeys, while <a href="/wiki/S.J.V._Chelvanayakam" class="mw-redirect" title="S.J.V. Chelvanayakam">S.J.V. Chelvanayakam</a> the criticised the government as a Sinhala extremist regime, and branded Ponnambalam a traitor. </p><p>Thondaman's political organization staged a non-violent satyagraha campaign against the implementation of citizenship laws and boycotted them for a period of time. Since 1952, the Indian Tamils could not elect any representative to the Parliament as their voting strength was drastically reduced. </p><p>Thondaman supported the Sri Lanka Freedom Party in the 1960 elections and, after the victory of this party, was appointed to the House of Representative as a nominated Member of Parliament. On 3 December 1964, Thondaman declined to vote on a motion connected with the Governor General's Throne Speech. This brought about the downfall of the SLFP government led by Sirimavo Bandaranaike. </p><p>In the March 1965 elections, Thondaman shifted to the UNP to protest against the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Sirima-Shastri_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirima-Shastri Pact">Indo-Ceylon Agreement</a> of October 1964. After the victory of the UNP in 1965, S. Thondaman and <a href="/wiki/Veloo_Annamalay" title="Veloo Annamalay">Veloo Annamalay</a> was named as appointed Members of Parliament. </p><p>He was out of Parliament from 1970 to 1977 after the defeat of the UNP in the general election of 1970. During this period the CWC under his leadership gradually allied itself with the major Tamil political parties and subscribed to form the Tamil United Front (TUF). He was also elected a leader of the triumvirate leadership of this Tamil political organization. </p><p>In May 1975, the TUF stressed that its objective was the setting up of the separate free, secular, sovereign, socialist state of Tamil Eelam and renamed itself into Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF). Thondaman did not want to subscribe to this new separatist policy of the TULF and withdrew from it. </p><p>He shifted his loyalties towards the United National Party which came to power in 1977. He served on the select committee for the revision of the constitution in 1978. In September 1978, he was invited by President J. R. Jayawardhane to join the Cabinet, which he accepted after the Executive Council of the Ceylon Workers Congress decided to do so. </p><p>Since 1978, Thondaman has served as a Cabinet minister under Presidents J. R. Jayawardhane, R.Premadasa and since 1995 under president Chandrika Bandaranaike. </p><p>When he joined the UNP government, he explained that he owed his position to the CWC, and the CWC's policy was to get citizenship for the stateless and better working conditions for estate labour. </p><p>At the last <a href="/wiki/Legislative" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative">legislative</a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Elections in Sri Lanka">elections</a>, held on 2 April 2004, the party was a minor partner in the <a href="/wiki/United_National_Party" title="United National Party">UNP</a>-dominated <a href="/wiki/United_National_Front_(Sri_Lanka)" title="United National Front (Sri Lanka)">United National Front</a> that won 37.8% of the popular vote and 82 out of 225 seats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceylon_Workers%27_Congress&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPeebles2015" class="citation book cs1">Peebles, Patrick (2015). <i>Historical Dictionary of Sri Lanka</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442255852" title="Special:BookSources/9781442255852"><bdi>9781442255852</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Sri+Lanka&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781442255852&rft.aulast=Peebles&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeylon+Workers%27+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Silva2009" class="citation news cs1">de Silva, Lakshmi (2 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.dailynews.lk/2009/06/02/fea40.asp">"Indian Tamils and Prabakaran's Eelam: Seeking Tamil Nadu's refuge after its betrayal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_News_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Daily News (Sri Lanka)">Daily News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=Indian+Tamils+and+Prabakaran%27s+Eelam%3A+Seeking+Tamil+Nadu%27s+refuge+after+its+betrayal&rft.date=2009-06-02&rft.aulast=de+Silva&rft.aufirst=Lakshmi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.dailynews.lk%2F2009%2F06%2F02%2Ffea40.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeylon+Workers%27+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kms-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kms_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(K. M. de Sila, History of Sri Lanka, Penguin 1995, Ch. 33)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jane-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jane_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jane Russell, Communal Politics in the Donoughmore ear 1931-1947, Tissara Publishers, Sri Lanka 1982</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of political parties in Sri Lanka">Political parties in Sri Lanka</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_party" title="Major party">Major parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Power" title="National People's Power">NPP</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Janatha_Vimukthi_Peramuna" title="Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna">Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Samagi_Jana_Balawegaya" title="Samagi Jana Balawegaya">SJB</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Ceylon_Makkal_Congress" title="All Ceylon Makkal Congress">All Ceylon Makkal Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_People%27s_Congress" title="Freedom People's Congress">Freedom People's Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Muslim_Congress" title="Sri Lanka Muslim Congress">Sri Lanka Muslim Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Progressive_Alliance" title="Tamil Progressive Alliance">Tamil Progressive Alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_People%27s_Front" title="Democratic People's Front">Democratic People's Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Workers_(Sri_Lanka)" title="National Union of Workers (Sri Lanka)">National Union of Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up-Country_People%27s_Front" title="Up-Country People's Front">Up-Country People's Front</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (politics)">Third parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ilankai_Tamil_Arasu_Kachchi" title="Ilankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi">Ilankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Front_(Sri_Lanka)" title="New Democratic Front (Sri Lanka)">NDF</a></b> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ceylon Workers' Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajana_Eksath_Peramuna" title="Mahajana Eksath Peramuna">Mahajana Eksath Peramuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Alliance" title="National Unity Alliance">National Unity Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_(Sri_Lanka)" title="National Congress (Sri Lanka)">National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Lanka_Freedom_Party" title="New Lanka Freedom Party">New Lanka Freedom Party</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Freedom_Party" title="Sri Lanka Freedom Party">Sri Lanka Freedom Party</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Mahajana_Pakshaya" title="Sri Lanka Mahajana Pakshaya">Sri Lanka Mahajana Pakshaya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_National_Party" title="United National Party">United National Party</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Podujana_Peramuna" title="Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna">Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarvajana_Balaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarvajana Balaya">Sarvajana Balaya</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mawbima_Janatha_Pakshaya" title="Mawbima Janatha Pakshaya">Mawbima Janatha Pakshaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Tamil_National_Alliance" title="Democratic Tamil National Alliance">DTNA</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Organisation_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam">People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_People%27s_Liberation_Front" title="Democratic People's Liberation Front">Democratic People's Liberation Front</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Eelam_Liberation_Organization" title="Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization">Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tamil_National_People%27s_Front" title="Tamil National People's Front">TNPF</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Ceylon_Tamil_Congress" title="All Ceylon Tamil Congress">All Ceylon Tamil Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Labour_Party" title="Sri Lanka Labour Party">Sri Lanka Labour Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others outside parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahujana_Nidahas_Peramuna" title="Bahujana Nidahas Peramuna">Bahujana Nidahas Peramuna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodu_Jana_Peramuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bodu Jana Peramuna (page does not exist)">Bodu Jana Peramuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Communist_Party_(Maoist)" title="Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist)">Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Democratic_Unity_Alliance" title="Ceylon Democratic Unity Alliance">Ceylon Democratic Unity Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Communist Party of Sri Lanka">Communist Party of Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusaders_for_Democracy" title="Crusaders for Democracy">Crusaders for Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Front_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Democratic Left Front (Sri Lanka)">Democratic Left Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Democratic Party (Sri Lanka)">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_United_National_Front" title="Democratic United National Front">Democratic United National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unity_Alliance" title="Democratic Unity Alliance">Democratic Unity Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_National_Democratic_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front">Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_People%27s_Democratic_Party" title="Eelam People's Democratic Party">Eelam People's Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_People%27s_Revolutionary_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front">Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front</a> (Padmanaba)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_People%27s_Front" title="Freedom People's Front">Freedom People's Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontline_Socialist_Party" title="Frontline Socialist Party">Frontline Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janatha_Sevaka_Pakshaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janatha Sevaka Pakshaya (page does not exist)">Janatha Sevaka Pakshaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jathika_Hela_Urumaya" title="Jathika Hela Urumaya">Jathika Hela Urumaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jathika_Nidahas_Peramuna" title="Jathika Nidahas Peramuna">Jathika Nidahas Peramuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Lanka Sama Samaja Party">Lanka Sama Samaja Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party_(Alternative_Group)" title="Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Alternative Group)">Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Alternative Group)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Sri Lanka)">Liberal Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherland_People%27s_Party" title="Motherland People's Party">Motherland People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Democratic_Movement_(Sri_Lanka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Democratic Movement (Sri Lanka) (page does not exist)">National Democratic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nava_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Nava Sama Samaja Party">Nava Sama Samaja Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Sri Lanka)">New Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Sinhala_Heritage" title="New Sinhala Heritage">New Sinhala Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Power_of_People%27s_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Power of People's Party">Our Power of People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Tamil_Congress" title="People's Tamil Congress">People's Tamil Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pivithuru_Hela_Urumaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pivithuru Hela Urumaya (page does not exist)">Pivithuru Hela Urumaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Workers_Party_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Revolutionary Workers Party (Sri Lanka)">Revolutionary Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siva_Senai" title="Siva Senai">Siva Senai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Social Democratic Party of Sri Lanka">Social Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Socialist Equality Party (Sri Lanka)">Socialist Equality Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Socialist Party of Sri Lanka">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal" title="Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal">Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_People%27s_National_Alliance" title="Tamil People's National Alliance">Tamil People's National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_United_Liberation_Front" title="Tamil United Liberation Front">Tamil United Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Citizen%E2%80%99s_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Citizen’s Front (page does not exist)">United Citizen’s Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Republican_Front" title="United Republican Front">United Republican Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Socialist_Party_(Sri_Lanka)" title="United Socialist Party (Sri Lanka)">United Socialist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Ceylon_Islamic_United_Front" title="All Ceylon Islamic United Front">All Ceylon Islamic United Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Ceylon_Malay_Political_Union" title="All Ceylon Malay Political Union">All Ceylon Malay Political Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Democratic_Workers_Congress" title="Aziz Democratic Workers Congress">Aziz Democratic Workers Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshevik_Samasamaja_Party" title="Bolshevik Samasamaja Party">Bolshevik Samasamaja Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Republican_Party" title="Buddhist Republican Party">Buddhist Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Labour_Party" title="Ceylon Labour Party">Ceylon Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_National_Congress" title="Ceylon National Congress">Ceylon National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jathika_Vimukthi_Peramuna" title="Jathika Vimukthi Peramuna">Jathika Vimukthi Peramuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanka Democratic Party">Lanka Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Mahajana_Sabha" title="Lanka Mahajana Sabha">Lanka Mahajana Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party_(Revolutionary)" title="Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Revolutionary)">Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Revolutionary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Front_of_Liberation_Tigers" title="People's Front of Liberation Tigers">People's Front of Liberation Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Maha_Sabha" title="Sinhala Maha Sabha">Sinhala Maha Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Freedom_Socialist_Party" title="Sri Lanka Freedom Socialist Party">Sri Lanka Freedom Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Sri Lanka Sama Samaja Party">Sri Lanka Sama Samaja Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Lanka_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="United Lanka Congress">United Lanka Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viplavakari_Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party">Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former political alliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Freedom_Party" title="Sri Lanka Freedom Party">SLFP</a>-led alliances <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahajana_Eksath_Peramuna_(1956)" title="Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (1956)">Mahajana Eksath Peramuna</a> (1956–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Front_(Sri_Lanka)" title="United Front (Sri Lanka)">United Front</a> (1968–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Alliance_(Sri_Lanka)" title="People's Alliance (Sri Lanka)">People's Alliance</a> (1994–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Freedom_Alliance" title="United People's Freedom Alliance">United People's Freedom Alliance</a> (2004–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Opposition_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Joint Opposition (Sri Lanka)">Joint Opposition</a> (2015–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_People%27s_Alliance" title="Freedom People's Alliance">Freedom People's Alliance</a> (2023–2024)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_National_Party" title="United National Party">UNP</a>-led alliances <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_National_Front_(Sri_Lanka)" title="United National Front (Sri Lanka)">United National Front</a> (2001–2020)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Alliance_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Democratic National Alliance (Sri Lanka)">Democratic National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Liberation_Front" title="Left Liberation Front">Left Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alliance_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Socialist Alliance (Sri Lanka)">Socialist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_National_Alliance" title="Tamil National Alliance">Tamil National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_National_Liberation_Alliance" title="Tamil National Liberation Alliance">Tamil National Liberation Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Politics of Sri Lanka">Politics of Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535341#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535341#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535341#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/150069990">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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