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modelling</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Ray tracing modelling"> <meta name="keywords" content="Ray tracing modelling"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Ray tracing modelling"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1981</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Ray tracing modelling</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1981</span> Kirchhoff’s Depth Migration over Heterogeneous Velocity Models with Ray Tracing Modeling Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alok%20Kumar%20Routa">Alok Kumar Routa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priya%20Ranjan%20Mohanty"> Priya Ranjan Mohanty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Complex seismic signatures are generated due to the complexity of the subsurface which is difficult to interpret. In the present study, an attempt has been made to model the complex subsurface using the Ray tracing modeling technique. Add to this, for the imaging of these geological features, Kirchhoff’s prestack depth migration is applied over the synthetic common shot gather dataset. It is found that the Kirchhoff’s migration technique in addition with the Ray tracing modeling concept has the flexibility towards the imaging of various complex geology which gives satisfactory results with proper delineation of the reflectors at their respective true depth position. The entire work has been carried out under the MATLAB environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kirchhoff%27s%20migration" title="Kirchhoff's migration">Kirchhoff's migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prestack%20depth%20migration" title=" Prestack depth migration"> Prestack depth migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ray%20tracing%20modelling" title=" Ray tracing modelling"> Ray tracing modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20model" title=" velocity model"> velocity model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58720/kirchhoffs-depth-migration-over-heterogeneous-velocity-models-with-ray-tracing-modeling-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1980</span> Parameter Estimation for Contact Tracing in Graph-Based Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Augustine%20Okolie">Augustine Okolie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20M%C3%BCller"> Johannes Müller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirjam%20Kretzchmar"> Mirjam Kretzchmar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We adopt a maximum-likelihood framework to estimate parameters of a stochastic susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model with contact tracing on a rooted random tree. Given the number of detectees per index case, our estimator allows to determine the degree distribution of the random tree as well as the tracing probability. Since we do not discover all infectees via contact tracing, this estimation is non-trivial. To keep things simple and stable, we develop an approximation suited for realistic situations (contract tracing probability small, or the probability for the detection of index cases small). In this approximation, the only epidemiological parameter entering the estimator is the basic reproduction number R0. The estimator is tested in a simulation study and applied to covid-19 contact tracing data from India. The simulation study underlines the efficiency of the method. For the empirical covid-19 data, we are able to compare different degree distributions and perform a sensitivity analysis. We find that particularly a power-law and a negative binomial degree distribution meet the data well and that the tracing probability is rather large. The sensitivity analysis shows no strong dependency on the reproduction number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20SIR%20model%20on%20graph" title="stochastic SIR model on graph">stochastic SIR model on graph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20tracing" title=" contact tracing"> contact tracing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branching%20process" title=" branching process"> branching process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20inference" title=" parameter inference"> parameter inference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167983/parameter-estimation-for-contact-tracing-in-graph-based-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1979</span> A Novel Method for Live Debugging of Production Web Applications by Dynamic Resource Replacement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Al-Tahat">Khalid Al-Tahat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Zuhair%20Mahmoud%0F"> Khaled Zuhair Mahmoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Al-Mughrabi"> Ahmad Al-Mughrabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a novel methodology for enabling debugging and tracing of production web applications without affecting its normal flow and functionality. This method of debugging enables developers and maintenance engineers to replace a set of existing resources such as images, server side scripts, cascading style sheets with another set of resources per web session. The new resources will only be active in the debug session and other sessions will not be affected. This methodology will help developers in tracing defects, especially those that appear only in production environments and in exploring the behaviour of the system. A realization of the proposed methodology has been implemented in Java. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=live%20debugging" title="live debugging">live debugging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20application" title=" web application"> web application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20resources" title=" web resources"> web resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inconsistent%20bugs" title=" inconsistent bugs"> inconsistent bugs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracing" title=" tracing"> tracing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11995/a-novel-method-for-live-debugging-of-production-web-applications-by-dynamic-resource-replacement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1978</span> Ray Tracing Modified 3D Image Method Simulation of Picocellular Propagation Channel Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Alwafie">Fathi Alwafie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we present the simulation of the propagation characteristics of the picocellular propagation channel environment. The first aim has been to find a correct description of the environment for received wave. The result of the first investigations is that the environment of the indoor wave significantly changes as we change the electric parameters of material constructions. A modified 3D ray tracing image method tool has been utilized for the coverage prediction. A detailed analysis of the dependence of the indoor wave on the wide-band characteristics of the channel: Root Mean Square (RMS) delay spread characteristics and mean excess delay, is also investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation" title="propagation">propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ray%20tracing" title=" ray tracing"> ray tracing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20computing" title=" mobile computing"> mobile computing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4077/ray-tracing-modified-3d-image-method-simulation-of-picocellular-propagation-channel-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1977</span> Design Optimisation of Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) for Improved Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Abd-Rahman">R. Abd-Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Isa"> M. M. Isa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20H.%20Goh"> H. H. Goh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is a well known non-imaging concentrator that will concentrate the solar radiation onto receiver (PV cell). One of disadvantage of CPC is has tall and narrow height compared to its diameter entry aperture area. Therefore, for economic reason, a truncation had been done by removed from the top of the full height CPC. This is also will lead to the decreases of concentration ratio but it will be negligible. In this paper, the flux distribution of untruncated and truncated 2-D hollow compound parabolic trough concentrator (hCPTC) design is presented. The untruncated design has initial height, H=193.4mm with concentration ratio, C_(2-D)=4. This paper presents the optical simulation of compound parabolic trough concentrator using ray-tracing software TracePro. Results showed that, after the truncation, the height of CPC reduced 45% from initial height with the geometrical concentration ratio only decrease 10%. Thus, the cost of reflector and material dielectric usage can be saved especially at manufacturing site. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compound%20parabolic%20trough%20concentrator" title="compound parabolic trough concentrator">compound parabolic trough concentrator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20modelling" title=" optical modelling"> optical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ray-tracing%20analysis" title=" ray-tracing analysis"> ray-tracing analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improved%20performance" title=" improved performance"> improved performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29904/design-optimisation-of-compound-parabolic-concentrator-cpc-for-improved-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1976</span> Free to Select vTuber Avatar eLearning Video for University Ray Tracing Course</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rex%20Hsieh">Rex Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kosei%20Yamamura"> Kosei Yamamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satoshi%20Cho"> Satoshi Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hisashi%20Sato"> Hisashi Sato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This project took place in the fall semester of 2019 from September 2019 to February 2020. It improves upon the design of a previous vTuber based eLearning video system by correcting criticisms from students and enhancing the positive aspects of the previous system. The transformed audio which has proven to be ineffective in previous experiments was not used in this experiment. The result is videos featuring 3 avatars covering different Ray Tracing subject matters being released weekly. Students are free to pick which videos they want to watch and can also re-watch any videos they want. The students' subjective impressions of each video is recorded and analysed to help further improve the system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vTuber" title=" vTuber"> vTuber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eLearning" title=" eLearning"> eLearning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ray%20Tracing" title=" Ray Tracing"> Ray Tracing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avatar" title=" Avatar"> Avatar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118303/free-to-select-vtuber-avatar-elearning-video-for-university-ray-tracing-course" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1975</span> Development of Internet of Things (IoT) with Mobile Voice Picking and Cargo Tracing Systems in Warehouse Operations of Third-Party Logistics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugene%20Y.%20C.%20Wong">Eugene Y. C. Wong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increased market competition, customer expectation, and warehouse operating cost in third-party logistics have motivated the continuous exploration in improving operation efficiency in warehouse logistics. Cargo tracing in ordering picking process consumes excessive time for warehouse operators when handling enormous quantities of goods flowing through the warehouse each day. Internet of Things (IoT) with mobile cargo tracing apps and database management systems are developed this research to facilitate and reduce the cargo tracing time in order picking process of a third-party logistics firm. An operation review is carried out in the firm with opportunities for improvement being identified, including inaccurate inventory record in warehouse management system, excessive tracing time on stored products, and product misdelivery. The facility layout has been improved by modifying the designated locations of various types of products. The relationship among the pick and pack processing time, cargo tracing time, delivery accuracy, inventory turnover, and inventory count operation time in the warehouse are evaluated. The correlation of the factors affecting the overall cycle time is analysed. A mobile app is developed with the use of MIT App Inventor and the Access management database to facilitate cargo tracking anytime anywhere. The information flow framework from warehouse database system to cloud computing document-sharing, and further to the mobile app device is developed. The improved performance on cargo tracing in the order processing cycle time of warehouse operators have been collected and evaluated. The developed mobile voice picking and tracking systems brings significant benefit to the third-party logistics firm, including eliminating unnecessary cargo tracing time in order picking process and reducing warehouse operators overtime cost. The mobile tracking device is further planned to enhance the picking time and cycle count of warehouse operators with voice picking system in the developed mobile apps as future development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=warehouse" title="warehouse">warehouse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=order%20picking%20process" title=" order picking process"> order picking process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cargo%20tracing" title=" cargo tracing"> cargo tracing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20app" title=" mobile app"> mobile app</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third-party%20logistics" title=" third-party logistics"> third-party logistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28813/development-of-internet-of-things-iot-with-mobile-voice-picking-and-cargo-tracing-systems-in-warehouse-operations-of-third-party-logistics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1974</span> Modelling Railway Noise Over Large Areas, Assisted by GIS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Conrad%20Weber">Conrad Weber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The modelling of railway noise over large projects areas can be very time consuming in terms of preparing the noise models and calculation time. An open-source GIS program has been utilised to assist with the modelling of operational noise levels for 675km of railway corridor. A range of GIS algorithms were utilised to break up the noise model area into manageable calculation sizes. GIS was utilised to prepare and filter a range of noise modelling inputs, including building files, land uses and ground terrain. A spreadsheet was utilised to manage the accuracy of key input parameters, including train speeds, train types, curve corrections, bridge corrections and engine notch settings. GIS was utilised to present the final noise modelling results. This paper explains the noise modelling process and how the spreadsheet and GIS were utilised to accurately model this massive project efficiently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise" title="noise">noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail" title=" rail"> rail</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154298/modelling-railway-noise-over-large-areas-assisted-by-gis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1973</span> Surface Roughness Analysis, Modelling and Prediction in Fused Deposition Modelling Additive Manufacturing Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20S.%20Dambatta">Yusuf S. Dambatta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20D.%20Sarhan"> Ahmed A. D. Sarhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the most prominent rapid prototyping (RP) technologies which is being used to efficiently fabricate CAD 3D geometric models. However, the process is coupled with many drawbacks, of which the surface quality of the manufactured RP parts is among. Hence, studies relating to improving the surface roughness have been a key issue in the field of RP research. In this work, a technique of modelling the surface roughness in FDM is presented. Using experimentally measured surface roughness response of the FDM parts, an ANFIS prediction model was developed to obtain the surface roughness in the FDM parts using the main critical process parameters that affects the surface quality. The ANFIS model was validated and compared with experimental test results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title="surface roughness">surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modelling%20%28FDM%29" title=" fused deposition modelling (FDM)"> fused deposition modelling (FDM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20neuro%20fuzzy%20inference%20system%20%28ANFIS%29" title=" adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)"> adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orientation" title=" orientation"> orientation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55529/surface-roughness-analysis-modelling-and-prediction-in-fused-deposition-modelling-additive-manufacturing-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1972</span> Building Information Modelling: A Review to Indian Scenario</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Agnivesh">P. Agnivesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20V.%20Ponambala%20Moorthi"> P. V. Ponambala Moorthi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evolution of information modelling leads to the visualisation of well-organized built environment. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is considered as evolution in the off-site construction which essentially enhances and controls the present scenario of on-site construction paradigms. Promptness, sustainability and security are considered as the important characteristics of the building information modelling. Projects that uses BIM are tied firmly by technology but distributed organizationally. This allows different team members in the project to associate and integrate the works and work flows. This will in turn improve the efficiency of work breakdown structure. Internationally BIM had been accepted as modern computer aided way of information sharing by construction industry for efficient way of manipulation in order to avoid the on-site misperceptions. Even though, in developing countries like India BIM is in the phase of start and requires lot of mandates and policies to be brought about by the government for its widespread implementations. This paper reviews the current scenario of BIM worldwide and in India and suggests for the improved implementation of building modelling for Indian policy condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20information%20modelling" title="building information modelling">building information modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20polity" title=" Indian polity"> Indian polity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20modelling" title=" information modelling"> information modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20sharing" title=" information sharing"> information sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mandates%20and%20policies" title=" mandates and policies"> mandates and policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability." title=" sustainability."> sustainability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43108/building-information-modelling-a-review-to-indian-scenario" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1971</span> Genetic Programming: Principles, Applications and Opportunities for Hydrological Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwaseun%20K.%20Oyebode">Oluwaseun K. Oyebode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josiah%20A.%20Adeyemo"> Josiah A. Adeyemo </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrological modelling plays a crucial role in the planning and management of water resources, most especially in water stressed regions where the need to effectively manage the available water resources is of critical importance. However, due to the complex, nonlinear and dynamic behaviour of hydro-climatic interactions, achieving reliable modelling of water resource systems and accurate projection of hydrological parameters are extremely challenging. Although a significant number of modelling techniques (process-based and data-driven) have been developed and adopted in that regard, the field of hydrological modelling is still considered as one that has sluggishly progressed over the past decades. This is majorly as a result of the identification of some degree of uncertainty in the methodologies and results of techniques adopted. In recent times, evolutionary computation (EC) techniques have been developed and introduced in response to the search for efficient and reliable means of providing accurate solutions to hydrological related problems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the underlying principles, methodological needs and applications of a promising evolutionary computation modelling technique – genetic programming (GP). It examines the specific characteristics of the technique which makes it suitable to solving hydrological modelling problems. It discusses the opportunities inherent in the application of GP in water related-studies such as rainfall estimation, rainfall-runoff modelling, streamflow forecasting, sediment transport modelling, water quality modelling and groundwater modelling among others. Furthermore, the means by which such opportunities could be harnessed in the near future are discussed. In all, a case for total embracement of GP and its variants in hydrological modelling studies is made so as to put in place strategies that would translate into achieving meaningful progress as it relates to modelling of water resource systems, and also positively influence decision-making by relevant stakeholders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20modelling" title="computational modelling">computational modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20algorithms" title=" evolutionary algorithms"> evolutionary algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20programming" title=" genetic programming"> genetic programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrological%20modelling" title=" hydrological modelling"> hydrological modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5684/genetic-programming-principles-applications-and-opportunities-for-hydrological-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1970</span> Heat Transfer and Diffusion Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Whalley">R. Whalley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The heat transfer modelling for a diffusion process will be considered. Difficulties in computing the time-distance dynamics of the representation will be addressed. Incomplete and irrational Laplace function will be identified as the computational issue. Alternative approaches to the response evaluation process will be provided. An illustration application problem will be presented. Graphical results confirming the theoretical procedures employed will be provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat" title="heat">heat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer" title=" transfer"> transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion" title=" diffusion"> diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computation" title=" computation"> computation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22315/heat-transfer-and-diffusion-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">553</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1969</span> Variable-Fidelity Surrogate Modelling with Kriging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selvakumar%20Ulaganathan">Selvakumar Ulaganathan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivo%20Couckuyt"> Ivo Couckuyt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Ferranti"> Francesco Ferranti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tom%20Dhaene"> Tom Dhaene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Laermans"> Eric Laermans</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Variable-fidelity surrogate modelling offers an efficient way to approximate function data available in multiple degrees of accuracy each with varying computational cost. In this paper, a Kriging-based variable-fidelity surrogate modelling approach is introduced to approximate such deterministic data. Initially, individual Kriging surrogate models, which are enhanced with gradient data of different degrees of accuracy, are constructed. Then these Gradient enhanced Kriging surrogate models are strategically coupled using a recursive CoKriging formulation to provide an accurate surrogate model for the highest fidelity data. While, intuitively, gradient data is useful to enhance the accuracy of surrogate models, the primary motivation behind this work is to investigate if it is also worthwhile incorporating gradient data of varying degrees of accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kriging" title="Kriging">Kriging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CoKriging" title=" CoKriging"> CoKriging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surrogate%20modelling" title=" Surrogate modelling"> Surrogate modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Variable-%20fidelity%20modelling" title=" Variable- fidelity modelling"> Variable- fidelity modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gradients" title=" Gradients"> Gradients</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19031/variable-fidelity-surrogate-modelling-with-kriging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">558</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1968</span> Evaluation of the Performance of Solar Stills as an Alternative for Brine Treatment Applying the Monte Carlo Ray Tracing Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20E.%20Tarazona-Romero">B. E. Tarazona-Romero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20G.%20Ascanio-Villabona"> J. G. Ascanio-Villabona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Lengerke-Perez"> O. Lengerke-Perez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20D.%20Rincon-Quintero"> A. D. Rincon-Quintero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20L.%20Sandoval-Rodriguez"> C. L. Sandoval-Rodriguez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Desalination offers solutions for the shortage of water in the world, however, the process of eliminating salts generates a by-product known as brine, generally eliminated in the environment through techniques that mitigate its impact. Brine treatment techniques are vital to developing an environmentally sustainable desalination process. Consequently, this document evaluates three different geometric configurations of solar stills as an alternative for brine treatment to be integrated into a low-scale desalination process. The geometric scenarios to be studied were selected because they have characteristics that adapt to the concept of appropriate technology; low cost, intensive labor and material resources for local manufacturing, modularity, and simplicity in construction. Additionally, the conceptual design of the collectors was carried out, and the ray tracing methodology was applied through the open access software SolTrace and Tonatiuh. The simulation process used 600.00 rays and modified two input parameters; direct normal radiation (DNI) and reflectance. In summary, for the scenarios evaluated, the ladder-type distiller presented higher efficiency values compared to the pyramid-type and single-slope collectors. Finally, the efficiency of the collectors studied was directly related to their geometry, that is, large geometries allow them to receive a greater number of solar rays in various paths, affecting the efficiency of the device. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appropriate%20technology" title="appropriate technology">appropriate technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brine%20treatment%20techniques" title=" brine treatment techniques"> brine treatment techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desalination" title=" desalination"> desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monte%20carlo%20ray%20tracing" title=" monte carlo ray tracing"> monte carlo ray tracing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153785/evaluation-of-the-performance-of-solar-stills-as-an-alternative-for-brine-treatment-applying-the-monte-carlo-ray-tracing-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1967</span> Building Information Modelling in Eastern Province Municipality of KSA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Banan%20Aljumaiah">Banan Aljumaiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the construction industry has leveraged the information revolution, which makes it possible to view the entire construction process of new buildings before they are built with the advent of Building Information Modelling (BIM). Although BIM is an integration of the building model with the data and documents about the building, however, its implementation is limited to individual buildings missing the large picture of the city infrastructure. This limitation of BIM led to the birth of City Information Modelling. Three years ago, Eastern Province Municipality (EPM) in Saudi Arabia mandated that all major projects be delivered with collaborative 3D BIM. After three years of implementation, EPM started to implement City Information Modelling (CIM) as a part of the Smart City Plan to link infrastructure and public services and modelling how people move around and interact with the city. This paper demonstrates a local case study of BIM implementation in EPM and its future as a part of project management automation; the paper also highlights the ambitious plan of EPM to transform CIM towards building smart cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BIM" title="BIM">BIM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BIM%20to%20CIM" title=" BIM to CIM"> BIM to CIM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154926/building-information-modelling-in-eastern-province-municipality-of-ksa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1966</span> Drawing, Design and Building Information Modelling (BIM): Embedding Advanced Digital Tools in the Academy Programs for Building Engineers and Architects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vittorio%20Caffi">Vittorio Caffi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Pignataro"> Maria Pignataro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Cosimo%20Devito"> Antonio Cosimo Devito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Pesenti"> Marco Pesenti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the integration of advanced digital design and modelling tools and methodologies, known as Building Information Modelling, into the traditional Academy educational programs for building engineers and architects. Nowadays, the challenge the Academy has to face is to present the new tools and their features to the pupils, making sure they acquire the proper skills in order to leverage the potential they offer also for the other courses embedded in the educational curriculum. The syllabus here presented refers to the “Drawing for building engineering”, “2D and 3D laboratory” and “3D modelling” curricula of the MSc in Building Engineering of the Politecnico di Milano. Such topics, included since the first year in the MSc program, are fundamental to give the students the instruments to master the complexity of an architectural or building engineering project with digital tools, so as to represent it in its various forms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BIM" title="BIM">BIM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BIM%20curricula" title=" BIM curricula"> BIM curricula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20design" title=" computational design"> computational design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20modelling" title=" digital modelling"> digital modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61335/drawing-design-and-building-information-modelling-bim-embedding-advanced-digital-tools-in-the-academy-programs-for-building-engineers-and-architects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">669</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1965</span> From Tionghoa to Tjina: Historical Tracing on the Identity Politics in Demonization of Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20J.%20Kristiono">Michael J. Kristiono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper attempts to investigate the reasons behind the negative sentiments directed towards Chinese Indonesians from International Relations (IR) perspective. By tracing back the treatment of the New Order government towards ethnic Chinese, it was found that such demonization initially happened due to two politically motivated reasons. Firstly, as part of de-Soekarnoization done by the New Order, the Chinese were outcast because Chinese identity does not conform to the 'Indonesian identity', which was in essence, the Javanese identity. Secondly, the condition reflected the change in Indonesian foreign policy which drifted apart from People’s Republic of China (PRC) as the latter was suspected to be involved in September 30 Movement. Then, this paper argues that due to those reasons, coupled by blatant maltreatment from the New Order Government, Chinese Indonesians were constructed as the Others, that is, as non-Indonesians. Such construct has been deeply embedded such that reconciliation attempts done by the Reformation Era government were not sufficient enough to stop ethnic discrimination towards Chinese Indonesians from happening even until the present. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20Indonesians" title="Chinese Indonesians">Chinese Indonesians</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20discrimination" title=" ethnic discrimination"> ethnic discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=New%20Order" title=" New Order"> New Order</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85938/from-tionghoa-to-tjina-historical-tracing-on-the-identity-politics-in-demonization-of-ethnic-chinese-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1964</span> Microkinetic Modelling of NO Reduction on Pt Catalysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishnu%20S.%20Prasad">Vishnu S. Prasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preeti%20Aghalayam"> Preeti Aghalayam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The major harmful automobile exhausts are nitric oxide (NO) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC). Reduction of NO using unburned fuel HC as a reductant is the technique used in hydrocarbon-selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR). In this work, we study the microkinetic modelling of NO reduction using propene as a reductant on Pt catalysts. The selectivity of NO reduction to N<sub>2</sub>O is detected in some ranges of operating conditions, whereas the effect of inlet O<sub>2</sub>% causes a number of changes in the feasible regimes of operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microkinetic%20modelling" title="microkinetic modelling">microkinetic modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NOx" title=" NOx"> NOx</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum%20on%20alumina%20catalysts" title=" platinum on alumina catalysts"> platinum on alumina catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20catalytic%20reduction" title=" selective catalytic reduction"> selective catalytic reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53965/microkinetic-modelling-of-no-reduction-on-pt-catalysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1963</span> On Mathematical Modelling and Optimization of Emerging Trends Processes in Advanced Manufacturing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agarana%20Michael%20C.">Agarana Michael C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akinlabi%20Esther%20T."> Akinlabi Esther T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pule%20Kholopane"> Pule Kholopane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Innovation in manufacturing process technologies and associated product design affects the prospects for manufacturing today and in near future. In this study some theoretical methods, useful as tools in advanced manufacturing, are considered. In particular, some basic Mathematical, Operational Research, Heuristic, and Statistical techniques are discussed. These techniques/methods are very handy in many areas of advanced manufacturing processes, including process planning optimization, modelling and analysis. Generally the production rate requires the application of Mathematical methods. The Emerging Trends Processes in Advanced Manufacturing can be enhanced by using Mathematical Modelling and Optimization techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modelling" title="mathematical modelling">mathematical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emerging%20trends" title=" emerging trends"> emerging trends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20manufacturing" title=" advanced manufacturing"> advanced manufacturing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158822/on-mathematical-modelling-and-optimization-of-emerging-trends-processes-in-advanced-manufacturing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158822.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1962</span> Don't Just Guess and Slip: Estimating Bayesian Knowledge Tracing Parameters When Observations Are Scant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Smalenberger">Michael Smalenberger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) are computer-based platforms which can incorporate artificial intelligence to provide step-by-step guidance as students practice problem-solving skills. ITS can replicate and even exceed some benefits of one-on-one tutoring, foster transactivity in collaborative environments, and lead to substantial learning gains when used to supplement the instruction of a teacher or when used as the sole method of instruction. A common facet of many ITS is their use of Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (BKT) to estimate parameters necessary for the implementation of the artificial intelligence component, and for the probability of mastery of a knowledge component relevant to the ITS. While various techniques exist to estimate these parameters and probability of mastery, none directly and reliably ask the user to self-assess these. In this study, 111 undergraduate students used an ITS in a college-level introductory statistics course for which detailed transaction-level observations were recorded, and users were also routinely asked direct questions that would lead to such a self-assessment. Comparisons were made between these self-assessed values and those obtained using commonly used estimation techniques. Our findings show that such self-assessments are particularly relevant at the early stages of ITS usage while transaction level data are scant. Once a user’s transaction level data become available after sufficient ITS usage, these can replace the self-assessments in order to eliminate the identifiability problem in BKT. We discuss how these findings are relevant to the number of exercises necessary to lead to mastery of a knowledge component, the associated implications on learning curves, and its relevance to instruction time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20Knowledge%20Tracing" title="Bayesian Knowledge Tracing">Bayesian Knowledge Tracing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Intelligent%20Tutoring%20System" title=" Intelligent Tutoring System"> Intelligent Tutoring System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vivo%20study" title=" in vivo study"> in vivo study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20estimation" title=" parameter estimation"> parameter estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136670/dont-just-guess-and-slip-estimating-bayesian-knowledge-tracing-parameters-when-observations-are-scant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1961</span> Early Requirement Engineering for Design of Learner Centric Dynamic LMS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kausik%20Halder">Kausik Halder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabendu%20Chaki"> Nabendu Chaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjan%20Dasgupta"> Ranjan Dasgupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present a modelling framework that supports the engineering of early requirements specifications for design of learner centric dynamic Learning Management System. The framework is based on i* modelling tool and Means End Analysis, that adopts primitive concepts for modelling early requirements (such as actor, goal, and strategic dependency). We show how pedagogical and computational requirements for designing a learner centric Learning Management system can be adapted for the automatic early requirement engineering specifications. Finally, we presented a model on a Learner Quanta based adaptive Courseware. Our early requirement analysis shows that how means end analysis reveals gaps and inconsistencies in early requirements specifications that are by no means trivial to discover without the help of formal analysis tool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20courseware" title="adaptive courseware">adaptive courseware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20requirement%20engineering" title=" early requirement engineering"> early requirement engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=means%20end%20analysis" title=" means end analysis"> means end analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20modelling" title=" organizational modelling"> organizational modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=requirement%20modelling" title=" requirement modelling"> requirement modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8626/early-requirement-engineering-for-design-of-learner-centric-dynamic-lms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">500</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1960</span> Cooperative Jamming for Implantable Medical Device Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20Lytle">Kim Lytle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tim%20Talty"> Tim Talty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20Michaels"> Alan Michaels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeff%20Reed"> Jeff Reed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Implantable medical devices (IMDs) are medically necessary devices embedded in the human body that monitor chronic disorders or automatically deliver therapies. Most IMDs have wireless capabilities that allow them to share data with an offboard programming device to help medical providers monitor the patient’s health while giving the patient more insight into their condition. However, serious security concerns have arisen as researchers demonstrated these devices could be hacked to obtain sensitive information or harm the patient. Cooperative jamming can be used to prevent privileged information leaks by maintaining an adequate signal-to-noise ratio at the intended receiver while minimizing signal power elsewhere. This paper uses ray tracing to demonstrate how a low number of friendly nodes abiding by Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) transmission regulations can enhance IMD communication security in an office environment, which in turn may inform how companies and individuals can protect their proprietary and personal information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implantable%20biomedical%20devices" title="implantable biomedical devices">implantable biomedical devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20system%20security" title=" communication system security"> communication system security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array%20signal%20processing" title=" array signal processing"> array signal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ray%20tracing" title=" ray tracing"> ray tracing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167002/cooperative-jamming-for-implantable-medical-device-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1959</span> Prediction of Energy Storage Areas for Static Photovoltaic System Using Irradiation and Regression Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kisan%20Sarda">Kisan Sarda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhavika%20Shingote"> Bhavika Shingote</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to evaluate regression modelling for prediction of Energy storage of solar photovoltaic (PV) system using Semi parametric regression techniques because there are some parameters which are known while there are some unknown parameters like humidity, dust etc. Here irradiation of solar energy is different for different places on the basis of Latitudes, so by finding out areas which give more storage we can implement PV systems at those places and our need of energy will be fulfilled. This regression modelling is done for daily, monthly and seasonal prediction of solar energy storage. In this, we have used R modules for designing the algorithm. This algorithm will give the best comparative results than other regression models for the solar PV cell energy storage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi%20parametric%20regression" title="semi parametric regression">semi parametric regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20%28PV%29%20system" title=" photovoltaic (PV) system"> photovoltaic (PV) system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression%20modelling" title=" regression modelling"> regression modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irradiation" title=" irradiation"> irradiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65373/prediction-of-energy-storage-areas-for-static-photovoltaic-system-using-irradiation-and-regression-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1958</span> Software Engineering Inspired Cost Estimation for Process Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20Baumann">Felix Baumann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandar%20Milutinovic"> Aleksandar Milutinovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dieter%20Roller"> Dieter Roller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Up to this point business process management projects in general and business process modelling projects in particular could not rely on a practical and scientifically validated method to estimate cost and effort. Especially the model development phase is not covered by a cost estimation method or model. Further phases of business process modelling starting with implementation are covered by initial solutions which are discussed in the literature. This article proposes a method of filling this gap by deriving a cost estimation method from available methods in similar domains namely software development or software engineering. Software development is regarded as closely similar to process modelling as we show. After the proposition of this method different ideas for further analysis and validation of the method are proposed. We derive this method from COCOMO II and Function Point which are established methods of effort estimation in the domain of software development. For this we lay out similarities of the software development rocess and the process of process modelling which is a phase of the Business Process Management life-cycle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COCOMO%20II" title="COCOMO II">COCOMO II</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=busines%20process%20modeling" title=" busines process modeling"> busines process modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20estimation%20method" title=" cost estimation method"> cost estimation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BPM%20COCOMO" title=" BPM COCOMO"> BPM COCOMO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41029/software-engineering-inspired-cost-estimation-for-process-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1957</span> Digital Health During a Pandemic: Critical Analysis of the COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohanad%20Elemary">Mohanad Elemary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imose%20Itua"> Imose Itua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajeswari%20B.%20Matam"> Rajeswari B. Matam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Virologists and public health experts have been predicting potential pandemics from coronaviruses for decades. The viruses which caused the SARS and MERS pandemics and the Nipah virus led to many lost lives, but still, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus surprised many scientific communities, experts, and governments with its ease of transmission and its pathogenicity. Governments of various countries reacted by locking down entire populations to their homes to combat the devastation caused by the virus, which led to a loss of livelihood and economic hardship to many individuals and organizations. To revive national economies and support their citizens in resuming their lives, governments focused on the development and use of contact tracing apps as a digital way to track and trace exposure. Google and Apple introduced the Exposure Notification Systems (ENS) framework. Independent organizations and countries also developed different frameworks for contact tracing apps. The efficiency, popularity, and adoption rate of these various apps have been different across countries. In this paper, we present a critical analysis of the different contact tracing apps with respect to their efficiency, adoption rate and general perception, and the governmental strategies and policies, which led to the development of the applications. When it comes to the European countries, each of them followed an individualistic approach to the same problem resulting in different realizations of a similarly functioning application with differing results of use and acceptance. The study conducted an extensive review of existing literature, policies, and reports across multiple disciplines, from which a framework was developed and then validated through interviews with six key stakeholders in the field, including founders and executives in digital health startups and corporates as well as experts from international organizations like The World Health Organization. A framework of best practices and tactics is the result of this research. The framework looks at three main questions regarding the contact tracing apps; how to develop them, how to deploy them, and how to regulate them. The findings are based on the best practices applied by governments across multiple countries, the mistakes they made, and the best practices applied in similar situations in the business world. The findings include multiple strategies when it comes to the development milestone regarding establishing frameworks for cooperation with the private sector and how to design the features and user experience of the app for a transparent, effective, and rapidly adaptable app. For the deployment section, several tactics were discussed regarding communication messages, marketing campaigns, persuasive psychology, and the initial deployment scale strategies. The paper also discusses the data privacy dilemma and how to build for a more sustainable system of health-related data processing and utilization. This is done through principles-based regulations specific for health data to allow for its avail for the public good. This framework offers insights into strategies and tactics that could be implemented as protocols for future public health crises and emergencies whether global or regional. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20tracing%20apps" title="contact tracing apps">contact tracing apps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20health%20applications" title=" digital health applications"> digital health applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposure%20notification%20system" title=" exposure notification system"> exposure notification system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131599/digital-health-during-a-pandemic-critical-analysis-of-the-covid-19-contact-tracing-apps" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1956</span> Multiscale Modelling of Citrus Black Spot Transmission Dynamics along the Pre-Harvest Supply Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muleya%20Nqobile">Muleya Nqobile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Winston%20Garira"> Winston Garira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We presented a compartmental deterministic multi-scale model which encompass internal plant defensive mechanism and pathogen interaction, then we consider nesting the model into the epidemiological model. The objective was to improve our understanding of the transmission dynamics of within host and between host of Guignardia citricapa Kiely. The inflow of infected class was scaled down to individual level while the outflow was scaled up to average population level. Conceptual model and mathematical model were constructed to display a theoretical framework which can be used for predicting or identify disease pattern. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20model" title="epidemiological model">epidemiological model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modelling" title=" mathematical modelling"> mathematical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-scale%20modelling" title=" multi-scale modelling"> multi-scale modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunological%20model" title=" immunological model"> immunological model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52713/multiscale-modelling-of-citrus-black-spot-transmission-dynamics-along-the-pre-harvest-supply-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1955</span> Product Feature Modelling for Integrating Product Design and Assembly Process Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baha%20Hasan">Baha Hasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Wikander"> Jan Wikander</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes a part of the integrating work between assembly design and assembly process planning domains (APP). The work is based, in its first stage, on modelling assembly features to support APP. A multi-layer architecture, based on feature-based modelling, is proposed to establish a dynamic and adaptable link between product design using CAD tools and APP. The proposed approach is based on deriving “specific function” features from the “generic” assembly and form features extracted from the CAD tools. A hierarchal structure from “generic” to “specific” and from “high level geometrical entities” to “low level geometrical entities” is proposed in order to integrate geometrical and assembly data extracted from geometrical and assembly modelers to the required processes and resources in APP. The feature concept, feature-based modelling, and feature recognition techniques are reviewed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assembly%20feature" title="assembly feature">assembly feature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assembly%20process%20planning" title=" assembly process planning"> assembly process planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature" title=" feature"> feature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature-based%20modelling" title=" feature-based modelling"> feature-based modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=form%20feature" title=" form feature"> form feature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ontology" title=" ontology"> ontology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54522/product-feature-modelling-for-integrating-product-design-and-assembly-process-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1954</span> Time Series Modelling and Prediction of River Runoff: Case Study of Karkheh River, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karim%20Hamidi%20Machekposhti">Karim Hamidi Machekposhti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Sedghi"> Hossein Sedghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolrasoul%20Telvari"> Abdolrasoul Telvari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Babazadeh"> Hossein Babazadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rainfall and runoff phenomenon is a chaotic and complex outcome of nature which requires sophisticated modelling and simulation methods for explanation and use. Time Series modelling allows runoff data analysis and can be used as forecasting tool. In the paper attempt is made to model river runoff data and predict the future behavioural pattern of river based on annual past observations of annual river runoff. The river runoff analysis and predict are done using ARIMA model. For evaluating the efficiency of prediction to hydrological events such as rainfall, runoff and etc., we use the statistical formulae applicable. The good agreement between predicted and observation river runoff coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) display that the ARIMA (4,1,1) is the suitable model for predicting Karkheh River runoff at Iran. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20series%20modelling" title="time series modelling">time series modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARIMA%20model" title=" ARIMA model"> ARIMA model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20runoff" title=" river runoff"> river runoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karkheh%20River" title=" Karkheh River"> Karkheh River</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CLS%20method" title=" CLS method"> CLS method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76659/time-series-modelling-and-prediction-of-river-runoff-case-study-of-karkheh-river-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1953</span> Estimation of the Parameters of Muskingum Methods for the Prediction of the Flood Depth in the Moudjar River Catchment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fares%20Laouacheria">Fares Laouacheria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Kechida"> Said Kechida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moncef%20Chabi"> Moncef Chabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the study was based on the hydrological routing modelling for the continuous monitoring of the hydrological situation in the Moudjar river catchment, especially during floods with Hydrologic Engineering Center–Hydrologic Modelling Systems (HEC-HMS). The HEC-GeoHMS was used to transform data from geographic information system (GIS) to HEC-HMS for delineating and modelling the catchment river in order to estimate the runoff volume, which is used as inputs to the hydrological routing model. Two hydrological routing models were used, namely Muskingum and Muskingum routing models, for conducting this study. In this study, a comparison between the parameters of the Muskingum and Muskingum-Cunge routing models in HEC-HMS was used for modelling flood routing in the Moudjar river catchment and determining the relationship between these parameters and the physical characteristics of the river. The results indicate that the effects of input parameters such as the weighting factor "X" and travel time "K" on the output results are more significant, where the Muskingum routing model was more sensitive to input parameters than the Muskingum-Cunge routing model. This study can contribute to understand and improve the knowledge of the mechanisms of river floods, especially in ungauged river catchments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEC-HMS" title="HEC-HMS">HEC-HMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrological%20modelling" title=" hydrological modelling"> hydrological modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muskingum%20routing%20model" title=" Muskingum routing model"> Muskingum routing model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muskingum-Cunge%20routing%20model" title=" Muskingum-Cunge routing model"> Muskingum-Cunge routing model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93598/estimation-of-the-parameters-of-muskingum-methods-for-the-prediction-of-the-flood-depth-in-the-moudjar-river-catchment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1952</span> Coloured Petri Nets Model for Web Architectures of Web and Database Servers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nidhi%20Gaur">Nidhi Gaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Padmaja%20Joshi"> Padmaja Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Jain"> Vijay Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajeev%20Srivastava"> Rajeev Srivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Web application architecture is important to achieve the desired performance for the application. Performance analysis studies are conducted to evaluate existing or planned systems. Web applications are used by hundreds of thousands of users simultaneously, which sometimes increases the risk of server failure in real time operations. We use Coloured Petri Net (CPN), a very powerful tool for modelling dynamic behaviour of a web application system. CPNs extend the vocabulary of ordinary Petri nets and add features that make them suitable for modelling large systems. The major focus of this work is on server side of web applications. The presented work focuses on modelling restructuring aspects, with major focus on concurrency and architecture, using CPN. It also focuses on bringing out the appropriate architecture for web and database servers given the number of concurrent users. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coloured%20Petri%20Nets%20%28CPNs%29" title="coloured Petri Nets (CPNs)">coloured Petri Nets (CPNs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concurrent%20%20users" title=" concurrent users"> concurrent users</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=per-%20formance%20modelling" title=" per- formance modelling"> per- formance modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20application%20architecture" title=" web application architecture"> web application architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22948/coloured-petri-nets-model-for-web-architectures-of-web-and-database-servers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">601</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ray%20tracing%20modelling&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ray%20tracing%20modelling&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ray%20tracing%20modelling&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ray%20tracing%20modelling&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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