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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"><a class="vector-toc-link" href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Coins_and_medals_published_before_March_1,_1989,_are_freely_usable"> <div class="vector-toc-text"><span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Coins and medals published before March 1, 1989, are freely usable</span> </div></a> <ul id="toc-Coins_and_medals_published_before_March_1,_1989,_are_freely_usable-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul></li> <li id="toc-Coins_and_medals_designed_by_mint_employees_are_freely_usable" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"><a class="vector-toc-link" href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Coins_and_medals_designed_by_mint_employees_are_freely_usable"> <div class="vector-toc-text"><span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Coins and medals designed by mint employees are freely usable</span> </div></a> <ul id="toc-Coins_and_medals_designed_by_mint_employees_are_freely_usable-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul></li> <li id="toc-Coins_and_medals_listed_by_the_mint_as_non-free_are_not_freely_usable" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"><a class="vector-toc-link" href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Coins_and_medals_listed_by_the_mint_as_non-free_are_not_freely_usable"> <div class="vector-toc-text"><span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Coins and medals listed by the mint as non-free are not freely usable</span> </div></a> <ul id="toc-Coins_and_medals_listed_by_the_mint_as_non-free_are_not_freely_usable-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul></li> <li id="toc-Coins_and_medals_designed_by_Artistic_Infusion_Program_contractors_are_not_freely_usable" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"><a class="vector-toc-link" href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Coins_and_medals_designed_by_Artistic_Infusion_Program_contractors_are_not_freely_usable"> <div class="vector-toc-text"><span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Coins and medals designed by Artistic Infusion Program contractors are not freely usable</span> </div></a> <ul id="toc-Coins_and_medals_designed_by_Artistic_Infusion_Program_contractors_are_not_freely_usable-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul></li> <li id="toc-Coins_and_medals_designed_as_part_of_a_competition_are_not_freely_usable" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"><a class="vector-toc-link" href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Coins_and_medals_designed_as_part_of_a_competition_are_not_freely_usable"> <div class="vector-toc-text"><span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Coins and medals designed as part of a competition are not freely usable</span> </div></a> <ul id="toc-Coins_and_medals_designed_as_part_of_a_competition_are_not_freely_usable-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul></li> <li id="toc-Coins_and_medals_with_registered_copyrights_are_not_freely_usable" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"><a class="vector-toc-link" href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Coins_and_medals_with_registered_copyrights_are_not_freely_usable"> <div class="vector-toc-text"><span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Coins and medals with registered copyrights are not freely usable</span> </div></a> <ul id="toc-Coins_and_medals_with_registered_copyrights_are_not_freely_usable-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul></li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"><a class="vector-toc-link" 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Please update the page as needed, or discuss it on the <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Commons_talk:Determining_if_U.S._coins_are_free_to_use/zh&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Commons talk:Determining if U.S. coins are free to use/zh (page does not exist)">talk page</a>. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>Most coins and medals produced by the United States Mint are in the public domain because they were created by employees of the federal government as part of their official duties.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some coins and medals are either:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <ol> <li>based on intellectual property owned by third parties and licensed to the government or originally created by third parties, or</li> <li>based on intellectual property originally created by third parties and transferred to the government.</li> </ol> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>In either of these cases, the coin or medal is protected by copyright and is not eligible to be hosted on Wikimedia Commons.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>This page will detail some general rules to help determine if the design of a U.S. coin or medal is in the public domain or not. For a list of the copyright statuses of various U.S. coins and medals, please see <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/User:Mysterymanblue/Copyright_statuses_of_U.S._coins_and_medals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User:Mysterymanblue/Copyright statuses of U.S. coins and medals">User:Mysterymanblue/Copyright statuses of U.S. coins and medals</a>.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"> <h2 id="Layers_of_copyright" data-mw-thread-id="h-Layers_of_copyright"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Layers_of_copyright"></span>Layers of copyright<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Layers_of_copyright"></span></h2> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r851734025/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti div.thumb.tmulti.tleft{margin:0.3em 1em 0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .tmulti div.thumb.tmulti.tright{margin:0.3em 0 1em 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:153px;max-width:153px"> <div class="thumbimage" style="height:151px;overflow:hidden"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:2010DisabledVeterans_Obv.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A line drawing of the obverse of a coin, showing the bottom third of three people dressed in military-style pants and boots: a person with two legs, a person with two legs and a crutch, and a person with one leg and a prosthetic leg. The words "They Stood Up For Us", "In God We Trust", "2010", and "Liberty" embellish the coin." src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/2010DisabledVeterans_Obv.jpg/151px-2010DisabledVeterans_Obv.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/2010DisabledVeterans_Obv.jpg/227px-2010DisabledVeterans_Obv.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/2010DisabledVeterans_Obv.jpg/302px-2010DisabledVeterans_Obv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="2040"></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The design - a 2D line drawing</span> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:155px;max-width:155px"> <div class="thumbimage" style="height:151px;overflow:hidden"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:2010_Veterans_Disabled_for_Life_Proof_Obv.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The obverse of a coin, showing the bottom third of three people dressed in military-style pants and boots: a person with two legs, a person with two legs and a crutch, and a person with one leg and a prosthetic leg. The words "They Stood Up For Us", "In God We Trust", "2010", and "Liberty" embellish the coin." src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/2010_Veterans_Disabled_for_Life_Proof_Obv.jpg/153px-2010_Veterans_Disabled_for_Life_Proof_Obv.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/2010_Veterans_Disabled_for_Life_Proof_Obv.jpg/230px-2010_Veterans_Disabled_for_Life_Proof_Obv.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/2010_Veterans_Disabled_for_Life_Proof_Obv.jpg/306px-2010_Veterans_Disabled_for_Life_Proof_Obv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1096"></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The sculpture - a 3D form</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow" style="display:flex"> <div class="thumbcaption"> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">American Veterans Disabled for Life Silver Dollar, 2010, obverse</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>There are three people whose work goes into a photograph of a coin or medal: the designer, the sculptor, and the photographer. In order for a photograph of a coin or medal to be freely usable, <strong>each of these three people's contributions must be in the public domain or freely licensed</strong>.</p> </div> <ul> <li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The design of a coin or medal is a two-dimensional line drawing. It does not contain any depth information. Coin and medal designs may be produced by mint employees, third-party contractors, or private citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-howcoinsaremade_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-howcoinsaremade-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The sculpture of a coin or medal is its three-dimensional figure. The sculpture is a <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Derivative_works/zh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Derivative works/zh">derivative work</a> of the design, and the two are theoretically separately copyrightable. In practice, the mint almost always uses their own employees to sculpt their coins and medals, so the sculpture of a U.S. coin or medal is almost always protected to the extent that the underlying line drawing is protected.</span></li> <li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A photograph of a coin or medal is two-dimensional image of the sculpture. It is the position of the Wikimedia Foundation that a photograph of a coin involves sufficient originality to be a separately copyrightable derivative work of the coin's sculpture.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. Mint employee-created and freely licensed third-party photographs of U.S. coins and medals whose designs and sculptures are freely usable are also freely usable. Some U.S. Mint photographs of U.S. coins and medals have been created by a contractor called Burwell and Burwell; the U.S. Mint explicitly reserves all rights in these photographs, and they may not be hosted on Commons. Information on who took U.S. Mint photographs is often carried in the metadata of the image file.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> </ul> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>Note that this article chiefly deals with copyright in the design of U.S. coins and medals. Users should take care that photographs of coins and medals are freely usable before uploading them to Wikimedia Commons.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"> <h2 id="Coins_and_medals_published_before_March_1,_1989,_are_freely_usable" data-mw-thread-id="h-Coins_and_medals_published_before_March_1,_1989,_are_freely_usable"><span id="Coins_and_medals_published_before_March_1.2C_1989.2C_are_freely_usable"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Coins_and_medals_published_before_March_1,_1989,_are_freely_usable"></span>Coins and medals published before March 1, 1989, are freely usable<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Coins_and_medals_published_before_March_1,_1989,_are_freely_usable"></span></h2> </div> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>All U.S. works published without a copyright notice prior to January 1, 1978, are in the public domain. Additionally, all U.S. works published without a copyright notice before March 1, 1989, and without registration within five years are also in the public domain.<sup id="cite_ref-hirtle_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hirtle-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. coins and medals have never carried a copyright notice, and the U.S. Mint has not registered copyright for any coins or medals published between January 1, 1978, and March 1, 1989, so all coins and medals published before March 1, 1989, are in the public domain.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>It might seem strange to use the term "publish" in the context of coins and medals. "Publication" here would include activities like distributing coins for circulation or offering coins or medals to the public for sale. It would <i>not</i> include simply designing or minting coins or medals.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"> <h2 id="Coins_and_medals_designed_by_mint_employees_are_freely_usable" data-mw-thread-id="h-Coins_and_medals_designed_by_mint_employees_are_freely_usable"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Coins_and_medals_designed_by_mint_employees_are_freely_usable"></span>Coins and medals designed by mint employees are freely usable<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Coins_and_medals_designed_by_mint_employees_are_freely_usable"></span></h2> </div> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>Coins and medals designed by mint employees (as part of their official duties) are in the public domain. To determine if a coin or medal was designed by a mint employee, go to its webpage at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/learn/coin-and-medal-programs">usmint.gov</a>. Under "Artist Information", look at the name of the designer. If it says "Medallic Artist", "Sculptor-Engraver", or "Chief Engraver" next to the designer's name, the designer is an employee of the mint. Sometimes, the information provided on the mint's website is not sufficient, and you may need to perform a web search to get all the information you need.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>For example, looking at the Apollo 11 50th Anniversary commemorative coins program, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/coins/coin-medal-programs/commemorative-coins/apollo-11-50th-anniversary-gold">individual coin pages</a> list Phebe Hemphill (Medallic Artist) as the designer of the reverse. Since Phebe Hemphill is a medallic artist employed by the mint, the reverse design of the coin is in the public domain.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"> <h2 id="Coins_and_medals_listed_by_the_mint_as_non-free_are_not_freely_usable" data-mw-thread-id="h-Coins_and_medals_listed_by_the_mint_as_non-free_are_not_freely_usable"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Coins_and_medals_listed_by_the_mint_as_non-free_are_not_freely_usable"></span>Coins and medals listed by the mint as non-free are not freely usable<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Coins_and_medals_listed_by_the_mint_as_non-free_are_not_freely_usable"></span></h2> </div> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>The mint maintains a non-exhaustive list of non-free coins and medals <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/policies/terms-of-use%23rights">here</a>. As of January 2022, the only coin or medal design that the mint mentions on this list is the obverse of the Sacagawea $1 coins. However, the absence of a coin or medal from this list does not necessarily mean that it is freely usable.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"> <h2 id="Coins_and_medals_designed_by_Artistic_Infusion_Program_contractors_are_not_freely_usable" data-mw-thread-id="h-Coins_and_medals_designed_by_Artistic_Infusion_Program_contractors_are_not_freel"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Coins_and_medals_designed_by_Artistic_Infusion_Program_contractors_are_not_freel"></span>Coins and medals designed by Artistic Infusion Program contractors are not freely usable<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Coins_and_medals_designed_by_Artistic_Infusion_Program_contractors_are_not_freel"></span></h2> </div> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>The Artistic Infusion Program is run by the mint to invite professional artists to design U.S. coins and medals.<sup id="cite_ref-mintartists_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-mintartists-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These artists are contractors<sup id="cite_ref-mintCFAc2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-mintCFAc2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the rights to their designs are transferred to the mint,<sup id="cite_ref-mintCFAc3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-mintCFAc3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so the coins and medals they design are not in the public domain.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>To determine if a coin or medal was designed by an AIP artist, go to the its page at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/learn/coin-and-medal-programs">usmint.gov</a>. Under "Artist Information", look at the name of the designer to see if it lists them as an AIP artist. Sometimes, the information provided on the mint's website is not sufficient, and you may need to perform a web search to get all the information you need.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>For example, the 2021 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/coins/coin-medal-programs/commemorative-coins/christa-mcauliffe">Christa McAuliffe Silver Dollar</a>'s obverse was designed by Laurie Musser (Artistic Infusion Program), and its reverse was designed by Emily Damstra (Artistic Infusion Program). Because both sides of the coin were designed by AIP artists, both are non-free.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>Please note that some AIP artists previously served as employees of the U.S. Mint. This group includes Don Everhart and Donna Weaver, though it is possible there are others.<sup id="cite_ref-everhart_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-everhart-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-weaver_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-weaver-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. coins and medals designed by these individuals <i>while they were employed at the mint</i> are in the public domain. In some cases, coins and medals created by these designers while they were on staff at the mint have been mislabeled by the mint as having been created by AIP artists. Therefore, you will sometimes have to verify not just <i>who</i> designed a coin or medal, but also <i>when</i> they designed it.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"> <h2 id="Coins_and_medals_designed_as_part_of_a_competition_are_not_freely_usable" data-mw-thread-id="h-Coins_and_medals_designed_as_part_of_a_competition_are_not_freely_usable"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Coins_and_medals_designed_as_part_of_a_competition_are_not_freely_usable"></span>Coins and medals designed as part of a competition are not freely usable<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Coins_and_medals_designed_as_part_of_a_competition_are_not_freely_usable"></span></h2> </div> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>Coins and medals designed as part of a competition are not in the public domain because the designers are typically not federal government employees, and—even if they were—participating in a competition is typically not an official duty of federal employees. Additionally, competitions' terms and conditions invariably include language assigning the rights to the design to the mint.<sup id="cite_ref-mintbasketball_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-mintbasketball-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mintapollo_14-0" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-mintapollo-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mintwwi_15-0" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-mintwwi-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mintcancer_16-0" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-mintcancer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exception to this rule is when a mint employee wins a coin or medal design competition: the mint appears to have its employees submit designs to these competitions as part of their employment.<sup id="cite_ref-McAllister_1989_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-McAllister_1989-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>For example, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/learn/coin-and-medal-programs/commemorative-coins/apollo-11-50th-anniversary">the Apollo 11 50th Anniversary commemorative coins webpage</a> notes that the mint held a competition for the obverse design of the coins and lists Gary Cooper, a private citizen, as the designer. The obverse design of the coin is therefore non-free.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"> <h2 id="Coins_and_medals_with_registered_copyrights_are_not_freely_usable" data-mw-thread-id="h-Coins_and_medals_with_registered_copyrights_are_not_freely_usable"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Coins_and_medals_with_registered_copyrights_are_not_freely_usable"></span>Coins and medals with registered copyrights are not freely usable<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Coins_and_medals_with_registered_copyrights_are_not_freely_usable"></span></h2> </div> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>While copyright registration is not required in the United States, it is an affirmative sign of copyright protection. The United States Mint has registered copyrights for a few of its coins and medals. Follow the instructions at <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Checking_if_copyright_was_renewed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Checking if copyright was renewed">Commons:Checking if copyright was renewed</a> to search for registered coin and medal designs; as of July 30, 2021, all of these coins and medals are listed at <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/User:Mysterymanblue/Copyright_statuses_of_U.S._coins_and_medals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User:Mysterymanblue/Copyright statuses of U.S. coins and medals">User:Mysterymanblue/Copyright statuses of U.S. coins and medals</a>.</p> </div> <p><span id="See_also"></span></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"> <h2 id="參見" data-mw-thread-id="h-參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-參見"></span>参见<span data-mw-comment-end="h-參見"></span></h2> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <ul> <li><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Deletion_requests/Apollo_11_Commemorative_Coin_Contest_images?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Deletion requests/Apollo 11 Commemorative Coin Contest images">Commons:Deletion requests/Apollo 11 Commemorative Coin Contest images</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Deletion_requests/US_Mint_Registered_Copyrights?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Deletion requests/US Mint Registered Copyrights">Commons:Deletion requests/US Mint Registered Copyrights</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:PD-USGov-money?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:PD-USGov-money">Template:PD-USGov-money</a></li> </ul> </div> <p><span id="References"></span></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"> <h2 id="參考資料" data-mw-thread-id="h-參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-參考資料"></span>参考资料<span data-mw-comment-end="h-參考資料"></span></h2> </div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105">17 U.S. Code § 105(a)</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/101">17 U.S. Code § 101</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/policies/terms-of-use%23rights">Mint Terms of Use 1.A Intellectual Property Rights</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-howcoinsaremade-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-howcoinsaremade_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Meredith, Stephanie (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2020-05-06">2020-05-06</span>) <cite>How Coins Are Made: The Design and Selection Process</cite><sup><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/news/inside-the-mint/how-coins-are-made-design-and-selection-process">[1]</a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-Art_tag/zh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Photograph_of_an_old_coin_found_on_the_Internet" title="Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag/zh">共享资源:何时使用PD-Art标签#Photograph of an old coin found on the Internet</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Deletion_requests/File:2019_Apollo_11_50th_Anniversary_5oz_Dollar_Reverse.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Deletion requests/File:2019 Apollo 11 50th Anniversary 5oz Dollar Reverse.jpg">Commons:Deletion requests/File:2019 Apollo 11 50th Anniversary 5oz Dollar Reverse.jpg</a> and <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Deletion_requests/Burwell_and_Burwell_photographs_of_U.S._coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Deletion requests/Burwell and Burwell photographs of U.S. coins">Commons:Deletion requests/Burwell and Burwell photographs of U.S. coins</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-hirtle-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hirtle_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">See <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Hirtle_chart/zh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Hirtle chart/zh">共享资源:赫特图表</a></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-mintartists-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-mintartists_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/learn/artists">United States Mint: Artists</a></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-mintCFAc2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-mintCFAc2_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/learn/artists/call-for-artists/terms-and-conditions%23sectionc2">United States Mint: Call For Artists Terms and Conditions C.2</a>: "The Contractor shall create and submit one or more original designs..."</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-mintCFAc3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-mintCFAc3_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/learn/artists/call-for-artists/terms-and-conditions%23sectionc3">United States Mint: Call For Artists Terms and Conditions C.3</a>: "All design submissions to the United States Mint shall be assigned to the United States Mint and will become its sole and exclusive property."</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105">17 U.S. Code § 105(a)</a> provides that "the United States Government is not precluded from receiving and holding copyrights transferred to it by assignment, bequest, or otherwise".</span></li> <li id="cite_note-everhart-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-everhart_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/learn/artists/aip-don-everhart">https://www.usmint.gov/learn/artists/aip-don-everhart</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-weaver-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-weaver_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/learn/artists/aip-donna-weaver">https://www.usmint.gov/learn/artists/aip-donna-weaver</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-mintbasketball-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-mintbasketball_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/news/design-competitions/basketball/rules">2020 Basketball Hall of Fame Commemorative Coin Design Competition: Official Rules</a>: "Designs must be assigned to the United States Mint and will become its sole and exclusive property."</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-mintapollo-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-mintapollo_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/news/design-competitions/apollo-11/rules">2019 Apollo 11 50th Anniversary Commemorative Coin Design Competition: Official Rules</a>: "Designs must be assigned to the United States Mint and will become its sole and exclusive property."</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-mintwwi-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-mintwwi_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/news/design-competitions/world-war-i/official-rules">WWI Centennial 2018 Commemorative Coin Design Competition: Official Rules</a>: "Designs must be assigned to the United States Mint and will become its sole and exclusive property."</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-mintcancer-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-mintcancer_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usmint.gov/news/design-competitions/breast-cancer-awareness/rules">Breast Cancer Awareness Commemorative Coin Design Competition: Official Rules</a>: "Designs must be assigned to the United States Mint and will become its sole and exclusive property."</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-McAllister_1989-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-McAllister_1989_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1989/03/24/coincidence-or-design/149e6eb7-5139-427a-8720-f23650030a6f/">[2]</a>: "Eleven artists were invited to compete with the Mint's staff in design of the congressional coins...."</span></li> 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