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Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 gjuhë</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamien_B12" title="Vitamien B12 – afrikanisht" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vitamien B12" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A_12" title="فيتامين بي 12 – arabisht" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيتامين بي 12" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B12_vitamini" title="B12 vitamini – azerbajxhanisht" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="B12 vitamini" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajxhanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%B1%DB%B2" title="ویتامین ب۱۲ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویتامین ب۱۲" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitamina_B12" title="Bitamina B12 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bitamina B12" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_B12" title="Витамин B12 – bullgarisht" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Витамин B12" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bullgarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8012" title="विटामिन बी12 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="विटामिन बी12" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12 – boshnjakisht" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vitamin B12" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="boshnjakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina_B%E2%82%81%E2%82%82" title="Vitamina B₁₂ – katalonisht" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vitamina B₁₂" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%8C_%DB%B1%DB%B2" title="ڤیتامین بی ۱۲ – kurdishte qendrore" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤیتامین بی ۱۲" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdishte qendrore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitam%C3%ADn_B12" title="Vitamín B12 – çekisht" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vitamín B12" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitamin_B12" title="Fitamin B12 – uellsisht" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fitamin B12" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="uellsisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12 – danisht" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vitamin B12" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalamine" title="Cobalamine – gjermanisht" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cobalamine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="gjermanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%93%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0_%DE%84%DE%A912" title="ވިޓަމިން ބީ12 – divehisht" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ވިޓަމިން ބީ12" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%9212" title="Βιταμίνη Β12 – greqisht" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιταμίνη Β12" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të mirë"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12 – anglisht" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vitamin B12" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobalamino" title="Kobalamino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kobalamino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina_B12" title="Vitamina B12 – spanjisht" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vitamina B12" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/B12-vitamiin" title="B12-vitamiin – estonisht" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="B12-vitamiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B12_bitamina" title="B12 bitamina – baskisht" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="B12 bitamina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%B1%DB%B2" title="ویتامین ب۱۲ – persisht" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویتامین ب۱۲" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B12-vitamiini" title="B12-vitamiini – finlandisht" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="B12-vitamiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamine_B12" title="Vitamine B12 – frëngjisht" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vitamine B12" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frëngjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalamina" title="Cobalamina – galicisht" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cobalamina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_B12" title="ויטמין B12 – hebraisht" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויטמין B12" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8" title="विटामिन बी१२ – indisht" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विटामिन बी१२" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="indisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12 – kroatisht" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vitamin B12" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B12-vitamin" title="B12-vitamin – hungarisht" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="B12-vitamin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6_B12" title="Վիտամին B12 – armenisht" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիտամին B12" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12 – indonezisht" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vitamin B12" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B12-v%C3%ADtam%C3%ADn" title="B12-vítamín – islandisht" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="B12-vítamín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalamina" title="Cobalamina – italisht" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cobalamina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3" title="コバラミン – japonisht" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コバラミン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_b12" title="Vitamin b12 – javanisht" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Vitamin b12" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кобаламин – kazakisht" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кобаламин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%83%80%EB%AF%BC_B12" title="비타민 B12 – koreanisht" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비타민 B12" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9212" title="Витамин В12 – kirgizisht" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Витамин В12" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalamin" title="Cobalamin – luksemburgisht" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Cobalamin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobalaminas" title="Kobalaminas – lituanisht" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kobalaminas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B12_vitam%C4%ABns" title="B12 vitamīns – letonisht" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="B12 vitamīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9112" title="Витамин Б12 – maqedonisht" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Витамин Б12" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maqedonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF_12" title="വിറ്റാമിൻ ബി 12 – malajalamisht" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിറ്റാമിൻ ബി 12" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9212" title="Витамин В12 – mongolisht" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Витамин В12" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12 – malajisht" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vitamin B12" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamine_B12" title="Vitamine B12 – holandisht" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vitamine B12" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobalamin" title="Kobalamin – norvegjishte letrare" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kobalamin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte letrare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina_B12" title="Vitamina B12 – oksitanisht" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vitamina B12" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witamina_B12" title="Witamina B12 – polonisht" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Witamina B12" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina_B12" title="Vitamina B12 – portugalisht" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vitamina B12" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalamin%C4%83" title="Cobalamină – rumanisht" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cobalamină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_B12" title="Витамин B12 – rusisht" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Витамин B12" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamini_B12" title="Vitamini B12 – kiniaruandisht" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Vitamini B12" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kiniaruandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12 – serbo-kroatisht" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vitamin B12" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vitamin B12" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitam%C3%ADn_B12" title="Vitamín B12 – sllovakisht" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vitamín B12" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="sllovakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12 – sllovenisht" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vitamin B12" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sllovenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9112" title="Витамин Б12 – serbisht" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Витамин Б12" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobalamin" title="Kobalamin – suedisht" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kobalamin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF12" title="உயிர்ச்சத்து பி12 – tamilisht" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிர்ச்சத்து பி12" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8012" title="విటమిన్ బీ12 – teluguisht" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విటమిన్ బీ12" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluguisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B512" title="วิตามินบี12 – tajlandisht" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิตามินบี12" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B12_vitamini" title="B12 vitamini – turqisht" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="B12 vitamini" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD_B12" title="Вітамін B12 – ukrainisht" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вітамін B12" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%8C_12" title="وٹامن بی 12 – urduisht" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وٹامن بی 12" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12_(Cyanokobalamin)" title="Vitamin B12 (Cyanokobalamin) – uzbekisht" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vitamin B12 (Cyanokobalamin)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12 – vietnamisht" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vitamin B12" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0B12" title="维生素B12 – kinezishte vu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="维生素B12" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="kinezishte vu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0B12" title="维生素B12 – kinezisht" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维生素B12" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BB%96%E5%91%BDB12" title="維他命B12 – kantonezisht" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="維他命B12" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q187706#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Përpunoni lidhje ndërgjuhësore" class="wbc-editpage">Përpunoni lidhje</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Emërhapësira"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Nga Wikipedia, enciklopedia e lirë</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sq" dir="ltr"><p><b>Vitamina B<sub>12</sub></b>, e njohur gjithashtu si <b>kobalamina</b>, është një <a href="/wiki/Vitaminat" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitaminat">vitaminë</a> e tretshme në ujë e përfshirë në <a href="/wiki/Metabolizmi" title="Metabolizmi">metabolizëm</a> . <sup id="cite_ref-Ods_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ods-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Është një nga tetë <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitaminat_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitaminat B (nuk është shkruar akoma)">vitaminat B.</a> Kërkohet nga kafshët, të cilat e përdorin atë si një <a href="/wiki/Kofaktor_(biokimi)" title="Kofaktor (biokimi)">kofaktor</a> në <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinteza_e_ADN-s%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinteza e ADN-së (nuk është shkruar akoma)">sintezën e ADN-së</a> dhe në metabolizmin e acideve yndyrore dhe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metabolizmi_i_aminoacideve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metabolizmi i aminoacideve (nuk është shkruar akoma)">aminoacideve</a> . <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Është e rëndësishme në funksionimin normal të <a href="/wiki/Sistemi_nervor" title="Sistemi nervor">sistemit nervor</a> nëpërmjet rolit të saj në <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mielinogjeneza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mielinogjeneza (nuk është shkruar akoma)">sintezën e mielinës</a>, dhe në <a href="/wiki/Sistemi_i_qarkullimit_t%C3%AB_gjakut" title="Sistemi i qarkullimit të gjakut">sistemin e qarkullimit</a> të gjakut në maturimin e <a href="/wiki/Eritrociti" title="Eritrociti">qelizave të kuqe të gjakut</a> në <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palca_e_eshtrave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palca e eshtrave (nuk është shkruar akoma)">palcën e kockave</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-Ods_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ods-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Calderon2020_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calderon2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bimët nuk kanë nevojë për kobalaminë dhe reaksionet i kryejnë me enzima që nuk varen prej saj. <sup id="cite_ref-Smith2019_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vitamina B<sub>12</sub> është më e ndërlikuara kimikisht ndër të gjitha vitaminat, <sup id="cite_ref-lpi_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dhe për njerëzit, e vetmja vitaminë që duhet të merret nga ushqimet ose suplementet me origjinë shtazore. <sup id="cite_ref-Ods_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ods-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Vincenti_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vincenti-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vetëm disa <a href="/wiki/Arkeat" title="Arkeat">arkea</a> dhe <a href="/wiki/Bakter%C3%ABt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakterët">baktere</a> mund të sintetizojnë vitaminën <sub>B12</sub> . <sup id="cite_ref-Watanabe_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watanabe-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shumica e njerëzve në <a href="/wiki/Shtetet_e_zhvilluara" title="Shtetet e zhvilluara">vendet e zhvilluara</a> marrin mjaftueshëm B<sub>12</sub> nga konsumimi i <a href="/wiki/Mishi" title="Mishi">mishit</a> ose ushqimeve nga burime shtazore. <sup id="cite_ref-Ods_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ods-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ushqimet që përmbajnë vitaminë B<sub>12</sub> përfshijnë mishin, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molusqe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molusqe (nuk është shkruar akoma)">molusqet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%ABl%C3%A7ia_(ushqimi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mëlçia (ushqimi) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">mëlçinë</a>, peshkun, <a href="/wiki/Shpez%C3%ABt" title="Shpezët">shpendët</a>, vezët dhe <a href="/wiki/Lista_e_n%C3%ABnprodukteve_t%C3%AB_qum%C3%ABshtit" title="Lista e nënprodukteve të qumështit">produktet e qumështit</a> . <sup id="cite_ref-Ods_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ods-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shumë drithëra mëngjesi janë të pasuruara me vitaminën B<sub>12</sub>. <sup id="cite_ref-Ods_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ods-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shtesa dhe medikamente janë në gatishmëri për të trajtuar dhe parandaluar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mungesa_e_vitamin%C3%ABs_B12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mungesa e vitaminës B12 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">mungesën e vitaminës B<sub>12</sub></a> . <sup id="cite_ref-Ods_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ods-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ato merren nga goja, por për trajtimin e mungesës mund të jepen edhe si injeksion intramuskular . <sup id="cite_ref-Ods_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ods-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-lpi_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vitamina B<sub>12</sub> u zbulua si rezultat i anemisë pernicioze, një <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87rregullim_autoimun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çrregullim autoimun (nuk është shkruar akoma)">çrregullim autoimun</a> në të cilin gjaku ka një numër më të ulët se normalja e qelizave të kuqe të gjakut, për shkak të mungesës së vitaminës B<sub>12</sub> . <sup id="cite_ref-Smith2019_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aftësia për të përthithur vitaminën bie me kalimin e moshës, veçanërisht te njerëzit mbi 60 vjeç. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mangësia"><span id="Mang.C3.ABsia"></span>Mangësia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamina_B12&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakto pjesën: Mangësia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamina_B12&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Mangësia"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mungesa e vitaminës B<sub>12</sub> mund të shkaktojë dëme të rënda dhe të pakthyeshme, veçanërisht në tru dhe sistemin nervor. <sup id="cite_ref-lpi_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Në nivele vetëm pak më të ulëta se normalja, një sërë simptomash si <a href="/wiki/Lodhja_(trupore)" title="Lodhja (trupore)">ndjenja e lodhjes</a>, dobësisë, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mendjeleht%C3%ABsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mendjelehtësi (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ndjenja se mund t'ju bie të fikët</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marramendje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marramendje (nuk është shkruar akoma)">marramendja</a>, gulçimi, dhimbje koke, ulçera në gojë, stomak i mërzitur, ulje e oreksit, vështirësi në ecje (probleme të baraspeshës), <sup id="cite_ref-HopkinsMedicine_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HopkinsMedicine-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> . <sup id="cite_ref-HopkinsMedicine_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HopkinsMedicine-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dobësia e muskujve, <a href="/wiki/Depresioni" title="Depresioni">depresioni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kujtesa" title="Kujtesa">memoria</a> e dobët, reflekset e dobëta, konfuzioni dhe lëkura e zbehtë, ndjenja jonormale, ndër të tjera, mund të përjetohen, veçanërisht te njerëzit mbi moshën 60 vjeç <sup id="cite_ref-lpi_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-HopkinsMedicine_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HopkinsMedicine-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-National_Health_Service,_England-2019_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Health_Service,_England-2019-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mungesa e vitaminës B<sub>12</sub> gjithashtu mund të shkaktojë simptoma të <a href="/wiki/Mania" title="Mania">manisë</a> dhe <a href="/wiki/Psikoza" title="Psikoza">psikozës</a> . <sup id="cite_ref-imajvitaminb12_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imajvitaminb12-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Lachner2012_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lachner2012-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ndër problemet e tjera, mund të ndodhë imuniteti i dobësuar, zvogëlimi i pjellorisë dhe ndërprerja e qarkullimit të gjakut tek gratë. <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mungesa e vitaminës B<sub>12</sub> shkaktohet më së shpeshti nga keqpërthithja, por gjithashtu mund të rezultojë nga marrja e ulët, gastriti imunitar, prania e ulët e proteinave lidhëse ose përdorimi i ilaçeve të caktuara. <sup id="cite_ref-lpi_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vegane (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Veganët</a> - njerëzit që zgjedhin të mos konsumojnë asnjë ushqim me origjinë shtazore - janë në rrezik sepse ushqimet me origjinë bimore nuk përmbajnë vitaminë në sasi të mjaftueshme për të parandaluar mungesën e vitaminës. <sup id="cite_ref-MelinaCraig2016_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MelinaCraig2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Në rrezik janë edhe <a href="/wiki/Vegjetarianizmi" title="Vegjetarianizmi">vegjetarianët</a> —njerëzit që konsumojnë nënprodukte shtazore si produktet e qumështit dhe vezët, por jo mishin e ndonjë kafshe. Mungesa e vitaminës B<sub>12</sub> është vërejtur në mes 40% dhe 80% të popullsisë vegjetariane, të cilët gjithashtu nuk marrin shtesa të vitaminës B<sub>12</sub> ose nuk konsumojnë ushqime të pasuruara me vitamina. <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Në Hong Kong dhe Indi, mungesa e vitaminës B<sub>12</sub> është zbuluar në afërsisht 80% të popullsisë vegane. Ashtu si me vegjetarianët, veganët mund ta shmangin këtë duke konsumuar një shtesë dietike ose duke ngrënë ushqim të pasuruar me B<sub>12</sub> si drithëra, qumështe me bazë bimore dhe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maja_ushqyese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maja ushqyese (nuk është shkruar akoma)">maja ushqyese</a> si pjesë e rregullt e dietës së tyre. <sup id="cite_ref-Woo2014_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woo2014-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Të moshuarit janë në rrezik të shtuar sepse kanë prirje të prodhojnë më pak <a href="/wiki/Acidi_i_stomakut" title="Acidi i stomakut">acid në stomak</a> ndërsa plaken, një gjendje e njohur si aklorhidria, duke rritur kështu probabilitetin e mungesës së B<sub>12</sub> për shkak të përthithjes së zvogëluar. <sup id="cite_ref-Ods_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ods-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ods-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ods_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ods_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ods_1-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ods_1-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ods_1-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ods_1-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ods_1-6"><sup>g</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ods_1-7"><sup>h</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ods_1-8"><sup>i</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2706204">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_Dietary_Supplements2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Office of Dietary Supplements (6 prill 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/">"Vitamin B12: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals"</a> (në anglisht). Bethesda, Maryland: <a href="/w/index.php?title=US_National_Institutes_of_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US National Institutes of Health (nuk është shkruar akoma)">US National Institutes of Health</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211008103749/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/">Arkivuar</a> nga origjinali më 2021-10-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">24 dhjetor</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vitamin+B12%3A+Fact+Sheet+for+Health+Professionals&rft.place=Bethesda%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=US+National+Institutes+of+Health&rft.date=2021-04-06&rft.au=Office+of+Dietary+Supplements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fods.od.nih.gov%2Ffactsheets%2FVitaminB12-HealthProfessional%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="sq" dir="ltr">Gabim referencash: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "Ods" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFYamada2013" class="citation book cs1">Yamada K (2013). "Cobalt: Its Role in Health and Disease". përmbledhur nga Sigel A, Sigel H, Sigel RK (red.). <i>Interrelations between Essential Metal Ions and Human Diseases</i>. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vëll. 13. Springer. fq. 295–320. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:doi_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-007-7500-8_9">10.1007/978-94-007-7500-8_9</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-94-007-7499-5" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-94-007-7499-5"><bdi>978-94-007-7499-5</bdi></a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMID_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24470095">24470095</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cobalt%3A+Its+Role+in+Health+and+Disease&rft.btitle=Interrelations+between+Essential+Metal+Ions+and+Human+Diseases&rft.series=Metal+Ions+in+Life+Sciences&rft.pages=295-320&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24470095&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-94-007-7500-8_9&rft.isbn=978-94-007-7499-5&rft.aulast=Yamada&rft.aufirst=K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Calderon2020-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Calderon2020_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFCalderón-OspinaNava-Mesa2020" class="citation journal cs1">Calderón-Ospina CA, Nava-Mesa MO (janar 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6930825">"B Vitamins in the nervous system: Current knowledge of the biochemical modes of action and synergies of thiamine, pyridoxine, and cobalamin"</a>. <i>CNS Neurosci Ther</i>. <b>26</b> (1): 5–13. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:doi_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fcns.13207">10.1111/cns.13207</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMC_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Nuk kërkohet regjistrim"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6930825">6930825</a></span>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMID_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31490017">31490017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNS+Neurosci+Ther&rft.atitle=B+Vitamins+in+the+nervous+system%3A+Current+knowledge+of+the+biochemical+modes+of+action+and+synergies+of+thiamine%2C+pyridoxine%2C+and+cobalamin&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-13&rft.date=2020-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6930825%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31490017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fcns.13207&rft.aulast=Calder%C3%B3n-Ospina&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.au=Nava-Mesa%2C+MO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6930825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith2019-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith2019_4-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith2019_4-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2019" class="citation journal cs1">Smith AG (2019-09-21). "Plants need their vitamins too". <i>Current Opinion in Plant Biology</i>. <b>10</b> (3): 266–275. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:doi_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pbi.2007.04.009">10.1016/j.pbi.2007.04.009</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMID_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17434786">17434786</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Plant+Biology&rft.atitle=Plants+need+their+vitamins+too&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=266-275&rft.date=2019-09-21&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pbi.2007.04.009&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17434786&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=AG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="sq" dir="ltr">Gabim referencash: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "Smith2019" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lpi-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_5-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_5-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_5-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_5-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_5-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/vitamin-B12">"Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>"</a>. Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. 4 qershor 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191029030049/https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/vitamin-B12">Arkivuar</a> nga origjinali më 29 tetor 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">5 prill</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vitamin+B%3Csub%3E12%3C%2Fsub%3E&rft.pub=Micronutrient+Information+Center%2C+Linus+Pauling+Institute%2C+Oregon+State+University%2C+Corvallis%2C+OR&rft.date=2015-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flpi.oregonstate.edu%2Fmic%2Fvitamins%2Fvitamin-B12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_web" title="Stampa:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="sq" dir="ltr">Gabim referencash: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "lpi" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vincenti-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Vincenti_6-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFVincentiBertuzzoLimitoneD'Antona2021" class="citation journal cs1">Vincenti A, Bertuzzo L, Limitone A, D'Antona G, Cena H (qershor 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8226782">"Perspective: Practical Approach to Preventing Subclinical B12 Deficiency in Elderly Population"</a>. <i>Nutrients</i>. <b>13</b> (6): 1913. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:doi_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Nuk kërkohet regjistrim"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fnu13061913">10.3390/nu13061913</a></span>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMC_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Nuk kërkohet regjistrim"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8226782">8226782</a></span>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMID_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34199569">34199569</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrients&rft.atitle=Perspective%3A+Practical+Approach+to+Preventing+Subclinical+B12+Deficiency+in+Elderly+Population&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1913&rft.date=2021-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8226782%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34199569&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fnu13061913&rft.aulast=Vincenti&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Bertuzzo%2C+L&rft.au=Limitone%2C+A&rft.au=D%27Antona%2C+G&rft.au=Cena%2C+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8226782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Watanabe-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Watanabe_7-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFWatanabeBito2018" class="citation journal cs1">Watanabe F, Bito T (janar 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5788147">"Vitamin B12 sources and microbial interaction"</a>. <i>Exp Biol Med (Maywood)</i>. <b>243</b> (2): 148–158. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:doi_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1535370217746612">10.1177/1535370217746612</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMC_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Nuk kërkohet regjistrim"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5788147">5788147</a></span>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMID_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29216732">29216732</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Exp+Biol+Med+%28Maywood%29&rft.atitle=Vitamin+B12+sources+and+microbial+interaction&rft.volume=243&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=148-158&rft.date=2018-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5788147%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29216732&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1535370217746612&rft.aulast=Watanabe&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Bito%2C+T&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5788147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000569.htm">"Pernicious anemia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"</a>. <i>medlineplus.gov</i> (në anglisht)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly". <i>Annual Review of Nutrition</i>. <b>19</b>: 357–377. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:doi_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.nutr.19.1.357">10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.357</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMID_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10448529">10448529</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Vitamin+B12+deficiency+in+the+elderly&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=357-377&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.nutr.19.1.357&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10448529&rft.aulast=Baik&rft.aufirst=HW&rft.au=Russell%2C+RM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Putvan_StraatenTrijbelsBlom2001" class="citation journal cs1">van der Put NM, van Straaten HW, Trijbels FJ, Blom HJ (prill 2001). "Folate, homocysteine and neural tube defects: an overview". <i>Experimental Biology and Medicine</i>. <b>226</b> (4): 243–270. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:doi_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F153537020122600402">10.1177/153537020122600402</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMID_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11368417">11368417</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Folate%2C+homocysteine+and+neural+tube+defects%3A+an+overview&rft.volume=226&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=243-270&rft.date=2001-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F153537020122600402&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11368417&rft.aulast=van+der+Put&rft.aufirst=NM&rft.au=van+Straaten%2C+HW&rft.au=Trijbels%2C+FJ&rft.au=Blom%2C+HJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HopkinsMedicine-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HopkinsMedicine_11-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HopkinsMedicine_11-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HopkinsMedicine_11-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/vitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia">"Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia"</a>. <i>www.hopkinsmedicine.org</i>. 8 gusht 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">2022-02-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hopkinsmedicine.org&rft.atitle=Vitamin+B12+Deficiency+Anemia&rft.date=2021-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hopkinsmedicine.org%2Fhealth%2Fconditions-and-diseases%2Fvitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_web" title="Stampa:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="sq" dir="ltr">Gabim referencash: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "HopkinsMedicine" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/vitamin-b12-deficiency-can-be-sneaky-harmful-201301105780">"Vitamin B12 deficiency can be sneaky, harmful"</a>. <i>Harvard Health Blog</i>. shkurt 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191029144521/https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/vitamin-b12-deficiency-can-be-sneaky-harmful-201301105780">Arkivuar</a> nga origjinali më 29 tetor 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">6 janar</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Health+Blog&rft.atitle=Vitamin+B12+deficiency+can+be+sneaky%2C+harmful&rft.date=2019-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.health.harvard.edu%2Fblog%2Fvitamin-b12-deficiency-can-be-sneaky-harmful-201301105780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_web" title="Stampa:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Health_Service,_England-2019-13"><a href="#cite_ref-National_Health_Service,_England-2019_13-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Anaemia-vitamin-B12-and-folate-deficiency/Pages/Symptoms.aspx">"Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> or folate deficiency anaemia – Symptoms"</a>. National Health Service, England. 23 maj 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812125551/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Anaemia-vitamin-B12-and-folate-deficiency/Pages/Symptoms.aspx">Arkivuar</a> nga origjinali më 12 gusht 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">6 janar</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vitamin+B%3Csub%3E12%3C%2Fsub%3E+or+folate+deficiency+anaemia+%E2%80%93+Symptoms&rft.pub=National+Health+Service%2C+England&rft.date=2019-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhs.uk%2FConditions%2FAnaemia-vitamin-B12-and-folate-deficiency%2FPages%2FSymptoms.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_web" title="Stampa:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imajvitaminb12-14"><a href="#cite_ref-imajvitaminb12_14-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFMasalhaChudakovMuhamadRudoy2001" class="citation journal cs1">Masalha R, Chudakov B, Muhamad M, Rudoy I, Volkov I, Wirguin I (shtator 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ima.org.il/IMAJ/ViewArticle.aspx?year=2001&month=09&page=702">"Cobalamin-responsive psychosis as the sole manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency"</a>. <i>The Israel Medical Association Journal</i>. <b>3</b> (9): 701–703. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMID_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11574992">11574992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Israel+Medical+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Cobalamin-responsive+psychosis+as+the+sole+manifestation+of+vitamin+B12+deficiency&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=701-703&rft.date=2001-09&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11574992&rft.aulast=Masalha&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Chudakov%2C+B&rft.au=Muhamad%2C+M&rft.au=Rudoy%2C+I&rft.au=Volkov%2C+I&rft.au=Wirguin%2C+I&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ima.org.il%2FIMAJ%2FViewArticle.aspx%3Fyear%3D2001%26month%3D09%26page%3D702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lachner2012-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Lachner2012_15-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFLachnerSteinleRegenold2012" class="citation journal cs1">Lachner C, Steinle NI, Regenold WT (2012). "The neuropsychiatry of vitamin B12 deficiency in elderly patients". <i>J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 5–15. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:doi_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1176%2Fappi.neuropsych.11020052">10.1176/appi.neuropsych.11020052</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMID_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22450609">22450609</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Neuropsychiatry+Clin+Neurosci&rft.atitle=The+neuropsychiatry+of+vitamin+B12+deficiency+in+elderly+patients&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-15&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1176%2Fappi.neuropsych.11020052&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22450609&rft.aulast=Lachner&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Steinle%2C+NI&rft.au=Regenold%2C+WT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2001" class="citation journal cs1">Bennett M (mars 2001). "Vitamin B12 deficiency, infertility and recurrent fetal loss". <i>The Journal of Reproductive Medicine</i>. <b>46</b> (3): 209–212. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMID_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11304860">11304860</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Reproductive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Vitamin+B12+deficiency%2C+infertility+and+recurrent+fetal+loss&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=209-212&rft.date=2001-03&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11304860&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MelinaCraig2016-17"><a href="#cite_ref-MelinaCraig2016_17-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFMelinaCraigLevin2016" class="citation journal cs1">Melina V, Craig W, Levin S (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eatrightpro.org/~/media/eatrightpro%20files/practice/position%20and%20practice%20papers/position%20papers/vegetarian-diet.ashx">"Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets"</a>. <i>J Acad Nutr Diet</i>. <b>116</b> (12): 1970–1980. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:doi_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jand.2016.09.025">10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.025</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMID_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27886704">27886704</a>. <q>Fermented foods (such as tempeh), nori, spirulina, chlorella algae, and unfortified nutritional yeast cannot be relied upon as adequate or practical sources of B-12.39,40 Vegans must regularly consume reliable sources—meaning B-12 fortified foods or B-12 containing supplements—or they could become deficient, as shown in case studies of vegan infants, children, and adults.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Acad+Nutr+Diet&rft.atitle=Position+of+the+Academy+of+Nutrition+and+Dietetics%3A+Vegetarian+Diets&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1970-1980&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jand.2016.09.025&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27886704&rft.aulast=Melina&rft.aufirst=V&rft.au=Craig%2C+W&rft.au=Levin%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eatrightpro.org%2F~%2Fmedia%2Featrightpro%2520files%2Fpractice%2Fposition%2520and%2520practice%2520papers%2Fposition%2520papers%2Fvegetarian-diet.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFPawlakParrottRajCullum-Dugan2013" class="citation journal cs1">Pawlak R, Parrott SJ, Raj S, Cullum-Dugan D, Lucus D (shkurt 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnure.12001">"How prevalent is vitamin B(12) deficiency among vegetarians?"</a>. <i>Nutrition Reviews</i>. <b>71</b> (2): 110–117. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:doi_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Nuk kërkohet regjistrim"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnure.12001">10.1111/nure.12001</a></span>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMID_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23356638">23356638</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+Reviews&rft.atitle=How+prevalent+is+vitamin+B%2812%29+deficiency+among+vegetarians%3F&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=110-117&rft.date=2013-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fnure.12001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23356638&rft.aulast=Pawlak&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Parrott%2C+SJ&rft.au=Raj%2C+S&rft.au=Cullum-Dugan%2C+D&rft.au=Lucus%2C+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fnure.12001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woo2014-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Woo2014_19-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFWooKwokCelermajer2014" class="citation journal cs1">Woo KS, Kwok TC, Celermajer DS (gusht 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4145307">"Vegan diet, subnormal vitamin B-12 status and cardiovascular health"</a>. <i>Nutrients</i>. <b>6</b> (8): 3259–3273. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:doi_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Nuk kërkohet regjistrim"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fnu6083259">10.3390/nu6083259</a></span>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMC_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Nuk kërkohet regjistrim"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4145307">4145307</a></span>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMID_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25195560">25195560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrients&rft.atitle=Vegan+diet%2C+subnormal+vitamin+B-12+status+and+cardiovascular+health&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=3259-3273&rft.date=2014-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4145307%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25195560&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fnu6083259&rft.aulast=Woo&rft.aufirst=KS&rft.au=Kwok%2C+TC&rft.au=Celermajer%2C+DS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4145307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AVitamina+B12" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" 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