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href="#Class_and_Class_Conflict_in_Industrial_Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><i>Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Class_and_Class_Conflict_in_Industrial_Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Class_conflict_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Class_conflict_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Class conflict theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Class_conflict_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Liberal_Order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Liberal_Order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>The Liberal Order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Liberal_Order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marx_and_Dahrendorf's_perspectives_on_class_formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marx_and_Dahrendorf's_perspectives_on_class_formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Marx and Dahrendorf's perspectives on class formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marx_and_Dahrendorf's_perspectives_on_class_formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_to_other_classical_theorists_and_perspectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_to_other_classical_theorists_and_perspectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Relationship to other classical theorists and perspectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_to_other_classical_theorists_and_perspectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Ralf_Dahrendorf_Prize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Ralf_Dahrendorf_Prize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>The Ralf Dahrendorf Prize</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Ralf_Dahrendorf_Prize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications_in_printed_in_other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications_in_printed_in_other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Publications in printed in other languages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publications_in_printed_in_other_languages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Publications in printed in other languages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Publications_in_printed_in_other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_available_in_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_available_in_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Works available in English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_available_in_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_available_in_French" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_available_in_French"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Works available in French</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_available_in_French-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_available_in_German" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_available_in_German"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Works available in German</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_available_in_German-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Awards and honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ralf Dahrendorf</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81" title="رالف داريندورف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رالف داريندورف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81" title="رالف دارندورف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رالف دارندورف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Ралф Дарендорф – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ралф Дарендорф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%86_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%86" title="Ραλφ Ντάρεντολφ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ραλφ Ντάρεντολφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81" title="رالف دارندورف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رالف دارندورف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%84%ED%94%84_%EB%8B%A4%EB%A0%8C%EB%8F%84%EB%A5%B4%ED%94%84" title="랄프 다렌도르프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="랄프 다렌도르프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="რალფ დარენდორფი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რალფ დარენდორფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Ральф Дарендорф – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ральф Дарендорф" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Дарендорф, Ральф – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дарендорф, Ральф" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radulphus_Dahrendorf" title="Radulphus Dahrendorf – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Radulphus Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81" title="رالف داريندورف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رالف داريندورف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95" title="ラルフ・ダーレンドルフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラルフ・ダーレンドルフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Дарендорф, Ральф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дарендорф, Ральф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Ралф Дарендорф – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ралф Дарендорф" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ralf Dahrendorf" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Ральф Дарендорф – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ральф Дарендорф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E4%BC%A6%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB" title="拉尔夫·达伦多夫 – Chinese" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German-British sociologist and politician (1929–2009)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Lord Dahrendorf</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire">KBE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Professor_R._G_Dahrendorf,_1980.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Professor_R._G_Dahrendorf%2C_1980.jpg/220px-Professor_R._G_Dahrendorf%2C_1980.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Professor_R._G_Dahrendorf%2C_1980.jpg/330px-Professor_R._G_Dahrendorf%2C_1980.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Professor_R._G_Dahrendorf%2C_1980.jpg/440px-Professor_R._G_Dahrendorf%2C_1980.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="757" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Dahrendorf in 1980</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the House of Lords">Member of the House of Lords</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lord_Temporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Temporal">Lord Temporal</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 July 1993 – 17 June 2009<br /><a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">Life Peerage</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Research,_Innovation_and_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science">European Commissioner for Research, Science and Education</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />6 January 1973 – 5 January 1977</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Ortoli" title="François-Xavier Ortoli">François-Xavier Ortoli</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Hellwig" title="Fritz Hellwig">Fritz Hellwig</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guido_Brunner" title="Guido Brunner">Guido Brunner</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Trade" title="European Commissioner for Trade">European Commissioner for Trade</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 July 1970 – 5 January 1973</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sicco_Mansholt" title="Sicco Mansholt">Sicco Mansholt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Franco_Maria_Malfatti" title="Franco Maria Malfatti">Franco Maria Malfatti</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Deniau" title="Jean-François Deniau">Jean-François Deniau</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Soames" title="Christopher Soames">Christopher Soames</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Foreign_Office" title="Federal Foreign Office">Parliamentary Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 October 1969 – 2 July 1970</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Chancellor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>new appointment</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Karl Moersch</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Member of the Bundestag</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />28 September 1969 – 2 July 1970</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP List</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Ralf Gustav Dahrendorf</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1929-05-01</span>)</span>1 May 1929<br /><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">17 June 2009<span style="display:none">(2009-06-17)</span> (aged 80)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Ohlsdorfer Friedhof Ohlsdorf, Hamburg-Nord, Hamburg, Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data">British<br />German</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> (UK)<br /><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a> (Germany)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vera_Dahrendorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vera Dahrendorf (page does not exist)">Vera Dahrendorf</a> (née Vera Banister) <br /><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Dahrendorf" title="Ellen Dahrendorf">Ellen Dahrendorf</a> (née Ellen Joan Krug) (1980–2004)<br />Christiane Dahrendorf (née Christiane Klebs) (2004–2009)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data">Frank Dahrendorf (Brother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Dahrendorf" title="Nicola Dahrendorf">Nicola</a>, Alexandra, and Daphne Dahrendorf</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data">Lina Dahrendorf (Mother) Gustav Dahrendorf (Father)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hamburg" title="University of Hamburg">University of Hamburg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Sociologist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">1975: elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1977: Honorary Degree (Doctor of Science) awarded by the University of Bath., 1977: elected member of the American Philosophical Society, 1977: elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences, 1982: Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, 1989: Grand Cross with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany 1993: Life Peer (Baron Dahrendorf), 1997: Theodor-Heuss-Preis, 1999: Medal of Merit of Baden-Württemberg, 1999: Honorary Senator of the University of Hamburg, 2002: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, 2003: Pour le Mérite</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Ralf Dahrendorf</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Providing a new definition of class conflict based on authority relations</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ralf Gustav Dahrendorf, Baron Dahrendorf</b>, (1 May 1929 – 17 June 2009) was a German-British <a href="/wiki/Sociologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociologist">sociologist</a>, philosopher, <a href="/wiki/Political_scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political scientist">political scientist</a> and liberal politician. A <a href="/wiki/Class_conflict_theorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Class conflict theorist">class conflict theorist</a>, Dahrendorf was a leading expert on explaining and analysing class divisions in modern society. Dahrendorf wrote multiple articles and books, his most notable being <i>Class and Conflict in Industrial Society</i> (1959) and <i>Essays in the Theory of Society</i> (1968). </p><p>During his political career, he was a Member of the German Parliament, <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Secretary of State">Parliamentary Secretary of State</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Office_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Office (Germany)">Foreign Office</a> of Germany, <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Trade" title="European Commissioner for Trade">European Commissioner for Trade</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Science_%26_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Science & Research">European Commissioner for Research, Science and Education</a> and Member of the British <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>, after he was created a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a> in 1993. He was subsequently known in the United Kingdom as Lord Dahrendorf.<sup id="cite_ref-Mann_2008_42_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mann_2008_42-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He served as director of the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> and Warden of <a href="/wiki/St_Antony%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Antony's College, Oxford">St Antony's College</a>, University of Oxford. He also served as a Professor of Sociology at a number of universities in Germany and the United Kingdom, and was a Research Professor at the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Social_Science_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Social Science Research Center">Berlin Social Science Research Center</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I.G._Patel_and_R.G_Darhrendorf,_1993_(3926524250).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/I.G._Patel_and_R.G_Darhrendorf%2C_1993_%283926524250%29.jpg/220px-I.G._Patel_and_R.G_Darhrendorf%2C_1993_%283926524250%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/I.G._Patel_and_R.G_Darhrendorf%2C_1993_%283926524250%29.jpg/330px-I.G._Patel_and_R.G_Darhrendorf%2C_1993_%283926524250%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/I.G._Patel_and_R.G_Darhrendorf%2C_1993_%283926524250%29.jpg/440px-I.G._Patel_and_R.G_Darhrendorf%2C_1993_%283926524250%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>I.G Patel And R.G Dahrendorf, 1993</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dahrendorf was born in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Germany, in 1929, the son of Lina and <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Dahrendorf" title="Gustav Dahrendorf">Gustav Dahrendorf</a> and brother of <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Dahrendorf" class="extiw" title="de:Frank Dahrendorf">Frank Dahrendorf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mann_2008_42_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mann_2008_42-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dahrendorf was known for strongly supporting anti-Nazi activities.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a child, Ralf was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a>, the youngest branch of the <a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Ralf was only a teenager, he and his father, an <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> member of the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Weimar_Republic)" title="Reichstag (Weimar Republic)">German Parliament</a>, were arrested and sent to <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration camps</a> for their anti-Nazi activities during the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi regime">Nazi regime</a>. One of the activities consisted of Dahrendorf distributing leaflets that were encouraging people not to join the regime.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this, his family moved to Berlin. In 1944, during the last year of the Second World War, he was arrested again for engaging in anti-Nazi activities and sent to a concentration camp in Poland. He was released in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriages_and_children">Marriages and children</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriages and children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dahrendorf was married three times. He married his first wife, Vera, in 1954. She was a fellow student at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>. Together they had three daughters: Nicola, Alexandra and Daphne Dahrendorf. <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Dahrendorf" title="Nicola Dahrendorf">Nicola Dahrendorf</a> has worked for the United Nations and as the West Africa Regional Conflict Adviser to the UK Government. </p><p>From 1980 to 2004, he was married to historian and translator <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Dahrendorf" title="Ellen Dahrendorf">Ellen Dahrendorf</a> (née Ellen Joan Krug), the daughter of Professor James Krug. When he was created a peer in 1993, his wife became known as Lady Dahrendorf. Ellen Dahrendorf, who is Jewish, has served on the board of the Jewish Institute for Policy Research, been chair of the British branch of the <a href="/wiki/New_Israel_Fund" title="New Israel Fund">New Israel Fund</a>, and is a signatory of the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Jewish_Voices" title="Independent Jewish Voices">Independent Jewish Voices</a> declaration, which is critical of Israeli policies towards the Palestinians.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dahrendorf's first two marriages ended in divorce. In 2004 he married Christiane Dahrendorf, also known as Lady Christiane Dahrendorf, a medical doctor from <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_and_career">Education and career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Education and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ralf Dahrendorf studied <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classical_philology" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical philology">classical philology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamburg University">Hamburg University</a> between 1947 and 1952. He continued his academic research at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> under <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a> as a Leverhulme Research Scholar in 1953–1954, gaining a PhD degree in sociology in 1956. At this early stage in Dahrendorf's academic career, he took an interest in <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> theory and wrote his PhD thesis on <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>'s theory of justice.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After completing his doctorate he returned to Germany, where he was a professor of sociology at Hamburg (1957–1960), <a href="/wiki/University_of_T%C3%BCbingen" title="University of Tübingen">Tübingen</a> (1960–1964) and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Konstanz" title="University of Konstanz">Konstanz</a> (1966–1969) universities.<sup id="cite_ref-Mann_2008_42_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mann_2008_42-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of the founders (1964) of the University of Konstanz.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1957 to 1959, Dahrendorf talked about "this ability to organize as the principle between quasi-groups and interest groups." Quasi-groups are defined as "those collectives that have latent identical role interests but do not experience a sense of "belongingness". Interest groups, on the other hand, "have a structure, a form of organization, a program or goal, and a personnel of members." The interest groups identity and sense of belonging are produced when people have the ability to communicate, recruit members, form leadership, and create a unifying ideology<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1960, he became a visiting professor of Sociology at Columbia University in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-Lord_Dahrendorf_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lord_Dahrendorf-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1967 to 1970, he was Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/German_Sociological_Association" title="German Sociological Association">German Sociological Association</a> (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie), resigning it when he took up his office at Brussels. Between 1976 and 1979 he led the educational sub-committee of the <a href="/wiki/Benson_Commission" title="Benson Commission">Benson Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1968 to 1969, Dahrendorf was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Landtag of Baden-Württemberg">Parliament of Baden-Württemberg</a>, and also in 1968, his links with Harvard University began.<sup id="cite_ref-Lord_Dahrendorf_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lord_Dahrendorf-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dahrendorf decided to become a member of the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> in 1969 during the time when Brandt formed his first SPD-FDP coalition government. After joining, he was appointed parliamentary secretary to the foreign minister. Because he was placed third on the ladder of command in the foreign ministry, he did not enjoy the experience.<sup id="cite_ref-Lord_Dahrendorf_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lord_Dahrendorf-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1969 to 1970 he was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">German parliament</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> (the German liberals). During this period he was also a Parliamentary Secretary of State in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1970 he became a Commissioner in the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> in Brussels. He was dedicated to the EU as a guarantor of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> and liberty.<sup id="cite_ref-Lord_Dahrendorf_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lord_Dahrendorf-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1974, the BBC invited him to present the annual <a href="/wiki/Reith_Lectures" title="Reith Lectures">Reith Lectures</a>. In this series of six radio talks, entitled <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00h3x3t">The New Liberty</a></i>, he examined the definition of freedom. </p><p>From 1974 to 1984, Dahrendorf was director of the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>, when he returned to Germany to become Professor of Social Science, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Konstanz" title="University of Konstanz">Konstanz University (1984–86)</a>. </p><p>In 1986, Ralf Dahrendorf became a Governor of the London School of Economics. From 1987 to 1997, he was Warden of <a href="/wiki/St_Antony%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Antony's College, Oxford">St Antony's College</a> at the University of Oxford, succeeding the historian <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Carr" title="Raymond Carr">Sir Raymond Carr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mann_2008_42_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mann_2008_42-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1982, Dahrendorf was made a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a>. In 1988, he acquired British citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-Lord_Dahrendorf_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lord_Dahrendorf-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became known as Sir Ralf Dahrendorf (as only KBEs who are British subjects are entitled to use that title). On 15 July 1993, he was created a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a> with the title <b>Baron Dahrendorf</b> <i>of <a href="/wiki/Clare_Market" title="Clare Market">Clare Market</a> in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clare Market is near the London School of Economics, and is also used for car <a href="/wiki/Parking" title="Parking">parking</a> by LSE staff. Dahrendorf chose this name to honour the School in this way, and also as a sign of his liberal humour. He sat in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Cross-bencher" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-bencher">cross-bencher</a>. </p><p>Between 2000 and 2006, Dahrendorf served as Chairman of the Judging Panel of the FIRST Award for Responsible Capitalism.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received the FIRST Responsible Capitalism lifetime Achievement Award in 2009. Dahrendorf insisted that even the most basic <a href="/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">civil rights</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Equality_before_the_law" title="Equality before the law">equality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a>, be given constitutional legitimacy.<sup id="cite_ref-Lord_Dahrendorf_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lord_Dahrendorf-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 July 2007, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Asturias_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Asturias Award">Prince of Asturias Award</a> for Social Studies. </p><p>In January 2005, he was appointed a Research Professor at the Social Science Research Center in Berlin (WZB).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dahrendorf held dual citizenship in the UK and Germany. After retiring, he lived partly in Germany and partly in the United Kingdom, with one home in London and one in <a href="/wiki/Bonndorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonndorf">Bonndorf</a> in south-western Germany. When asked which city he considered his home, he once said, "I am a Londoner".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also once said that his life was marked by a conflict between the obligation he felt to the country of his birth, Germany, and the attraction he felt for Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He favored laws and policies that encouraged personal freedom, a sense of citizenship, and a broadening of social, economic and political opportunities. He argued that Germany's problems have stemmed from a belief in absolute answers and in the yearning for an all-powerful leader to put them into effect.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dahrendorf died in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, Germany, aged 80, on 17 June 2009, after suffering from cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was survived by his third wife, three daughters, and one grandchild.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His death was confirmed in a statement from Chancellor Angela Merkel, who said, "Europe has lost one of its most important thinkers and intellectuals."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concepts">Concepts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Class_and_Class_Conflict_in_Industrial_Society"><i>Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1959, Dahrendorf published in his most influential work on <a href="/wiki/Social_inequality" title="Social inequality">social inequality</a>, <i>Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society.</i> Despite later revisions and affirmations of his work, the book still remains as his first detailed and most influential account of the problem of social inequality in modern, or post-capitalist societies.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In analysing and evaluating the arguments of <a href="/wiki/Structural_functionalism" title="Structural functionalism">structural functionalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>, Dahrendorf believed that neither theory alone could account for all of society. Marxism did not account for evidence of obvious <a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">social integration</a> and cohesion. Structural functionalism, on the other hand, did not focus enough on social conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also asserted that <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> defined class in a narrow and historically-specific context. During Marx's time, wealth was the determining factor in attaining power. The wealthy and therefore the powerful ruled, leaving no way for the poor to gain any power or increase their position in society. </p><p>Drawing on aspects of both Marxism and structural functionalists to form his own beliefs, Dahrendorf highlighted the changes that have occurred in modern society. Dahrendorf believed in two approaches to society, Utopian and Rationalist. Utopian is the balance of values and solidity and Rationalist is the dissension and disagreement. While he believes that both are social perspectives, the Utopian approach is most apparent in modern-day society, leaving Dahrendorf to create a balance between the two views.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dahrendorf discusses literary utopias to show that the structural-functionalists idea of the social system is utopians in itself because it possess all the necessary characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_University_Press_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_University_Press-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically, with democracy came voting for political parties, and increased social mobility. He believes that the struggle for authority creates conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-Mann_2008_43_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mann_2008_43-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Money, political power, and social status were all controlled by the same group – the capitalist – which gave the workers little incentive to accept the status quo.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, he believes that traditional Marxism ignores consensus and integration in modern social structures.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dahrendorf's theory defined class not in terms of wealth like Marx, but by levels of authority.<sup id="cite_ref-Mann_2008_43_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mann_2008_43-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dahrendorf combines elements from both of these perspectives to develop his own theory about class conflict in <a href="/wiki/Postcapitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Postcapitalism">post-capitalist</a> society. Dahrendorf agrees with Marx that authority, in the 19th century, was based on income, and thus the rich bourgeoisie ruled the state. Yet things have changed then, where workers formed trade unions and allowed them to negotiate with the capitalist.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_University_Press_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_University_Press-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Class_conflict_theory">Class conflict theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Class conflict theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dahrendorf proposed a symbolic model of class conflict with authority as the generic form of domination, combined with a strong systematic view of society and the structuration of class relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This new theory is said to have taken place in reaction to structural functionalism and in many ways represents its antithesis. The conflict theory attempts to bring together <a href="/wiki/Structural_functionalism" title="Structural functionalism">structural functionalism</a> and Marxism. </p><p>According to Dahrendorf, functionalism is beneficial while trying to understand consensus while the conflict theory is used to understand conflict and coercion. In order to understand structural functionalism, we study three bodies of work: Davis and Moore, Parsons, and Merton.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_265_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritzer_2008_265-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dahrendorf states that capitalism has undergone major changes since Marx initially developed his theory on <a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">class conflict</a>. The new system of capitalism, known as <a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">post-capitalism</a>, is characterised by diverse class structure and a fluid system of power relations. Thus, it involves a much more complex system of inequality than Marx originally outlined.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dahrendorf contends that post-capitalist society has institutionalised class conflict into state and economic spheres.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, class conflict has been habituated through unions, collective bargaining, the court system, and legislative debate. In effect, the severe class strife typical of Marx's time is not longer relevant. </p><p>Conflict theorists like Dahrendorf often took the exact opposite view of functionalists Whereas functionalists believe that society was oscillating very slightly, if not completely static, conflict theorists said that "every society at every point is subject to process of change".<sup id="cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_265_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritzer_2008_265-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conflict theorists believe that there is "dissension and conflict at every point in the social system" and "many societal elements as contributing to disintegration and change".<sup id="cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_266_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritzer_2008_266-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They believe order comes from coercion from those at the top, and that power is an important factor in social order. </p><p>In developing his conflict theory, Dahrendorf recognised consensus theory was also necessary to fully reflect society. Consensus theory focuses on the value integration into society, while conflict theory focuses on conflicts of interest and the force that holds society together despite these stresses. In the past, structural functionalism was the commanding theory in sociology, until the conflict theory came along as its major challenger. However, both structural functionalism and the conflict theory have received major criticisms. In fact, Dahrendorf asserted that there has to be consensus to have conflict, as he said that the two were prerequisites for each other.<sup id="cite_ref-Sociological_theory_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sociological_theory-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opposite is also true, he believed –– conflict can result in cohesion and consensus.<sup id="cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_266_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritzer_2008_266-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Dahrendorf did not believe the two theories could be combined into one cohesive and comprehensive theory. Instead, Dahrendorf's thesis was "the differential distribution of authority invariably becomes the determining factor of systematic social conflicts".<sup id="cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_266_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritzer_2008_266-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "In the end, conflict theory should be seen as a litte more than a transitional development in the history of sociological theory. Although the theory failed because it didn't go far in the direction of Marxian theory, it was still early in the 1950s and 1960s for American sociology to accept a full-fledged Marxian approach. However, conflict theory was helping in setting the stage for the beginning of the acceptance by the late 1960s".<sup id="cite_ref-Sociological_theory_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sociological_theory-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Liberal_Order">The Liberal Order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Liberal Order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Dahrendorf acknowledged that liberal market societies are prone to conflicts, he admonished that, at the same time, they were in the best position to handle the conflict. Instead of being suppressed, the tensions become factors that help societies move forward. It's up to governments to turn the tension and conflict into solutions. The need is, then, for conflict management if this is to happen peacefully. Dahrendorf saw conflict in modern societies as stemming from more than just different individual interests and expectations. He saw conflict arising from outgrowing the unavoidable tensions that modern societies have to negotiate and balance between the competing values of justice, liberty, and economic well-being, and between economic efficiency, identity, and security. He sought to understand how societies could develop into just and prosperous nations.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The essence of Dahrendorf's ideas about the future of the liberal order is about identifying both latent and manifest tensions at the different levels in which they exist, the potential for conflict, and identifying the options available for solutions and resolving conflict. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Authority">Authority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dahrendorf opposed those who studied authority on an individual level. He was very critical of those who focused on the psychological or behavioral characteristics of the individuals who occupy such positions. He went even further to say that those who adopted that approach were not sociologists.<sup id="cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_268_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritzer_2008_268-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dahrendorf believed that Marx's theory could be updated to reflect modern society and Roman society. He rejects Marx's two-class system as too simplistic and overly focused on property ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_266_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritzer_2008_266-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the rise of the joint stock company, ownership does not necessarily reflect control of economic production in modern society.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead of describing the fundamental differences of class in terms of property, Dahrendorf claims that we must "replace the possession, or non-possession, of effective private property by the exercise of, or exclusion from, authority as the criterion of class formation".<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A crucial component to Dahrendorf's conflict theory is the idea of authority. Although it initially appears to be an individual issue and psychological, Dahrendorf argues that authority is related to positions and not to individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_266_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritzer_2008_266-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this way, subordination and authority are products of expectation specified by society, and if those roles are not adhered to, sanctions are imposed. Dahrendorf expands on this idea with the notion that roles of authority may conflict when in different positions that call for different things. According to Dahrendorf, these different defined areas of society where people's roles may be different are called imperatively coordinated associations.<sup id="cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_268_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritzer_2008_268-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The groups of society in different associations are drawn together by their common interests. Dahrendorf explains that latent interests are natural interests that arise unconsciously in conflict between superordinates and subordinates. He defines manifest interests as latent interests when they are realised. In conclusion, Dahrendorf believes that understanding authority to be the key to understanding social conflict. </p><p>Dahrendorf, like Merton, looked at latent and manifest interests and further classified them as unconscious and conscious interests. He found the connection between these two concepts to be problematic for the conflict theory.<sup id="cite_ref-Sociological_theory_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sociological_theory-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dahrendorf believed that the basis of class conflict was the division of three groups of society: quasi groups, interest groups, and conflict groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_268_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritzer_2008_268-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, society can be split up into the "command class" and the "obey class". The command class exercises authority, and the obey class has no authority and is also subservient to that of others. With a clear interplay between both class types class conflict theory sought to explain that interplay.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quasi groups are "aggregates of incumbents of positions with identical role interests".<sup id="cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_268_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritzer_2008_268-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interest groups are derived from the quasi groups and they are organised with members, an organisation, and a program or goal. The main difference between quasi groups and interest groups are that interest groups organise and have a sense of "belonging" or identity.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darhendorf acknowledged that other conditions like politics, adequate personnel, and recruitment would play a role along with the groups. He also believed that under ideal circumstances, conflict could be explained without reference to other variables.<sup id="cite_ref-Sociological_theory_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sociological_theory-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike Marx, however, he did not believe that random recruitment into the quasi group would start a conflict group. In contrast to Lewis Coser's ideas that functions of conflict maintained the status quo, Dahrendorf believed that that conflict also leads to change (in social structure) and development.<sup id="cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_269_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritzer_2008_269-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His belief in a changing society separated Dahrendorf's ideas from Marx, who supported the concept of a utopia.<sup id="cite_ref-Mann_2008_42_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mann_2008_42-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marx_and_Dahrendorf's_perspectives_on_class_formation"><span id="Marx_and_Dahrendorf.27s_perspectives_on_class_formation"></span>Marx and Dahrendorf's perspectives on class formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Marx and Dahrendorf's perspectives on class formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marx believed history to be defined as class struggle. He defined class as the difference between the dominating class and those who dominate. He believed that in modern society, there were three types of classes: capitalists, workers and petite bourgeoisie. The proletariat and the bourgeoisie are the pillars in the formation of classes. The Capitalists and bourgeoisie are the ones that own the means of production and are able to purchase the labor of others. The proletariat do not own any means of production or have the ability to purchase labor but can only sell their own.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marx believed that the battle between the different classes formed the concept of class phenomenon. </p><p>Marx understood that there are two classes: the rulers who control the means of production and the ruled who worked with the means of production. Every society needs both. The conflicts between them causes a destruction of the existing societal order so that it can be replaced by a new one. </p><p>On the other hand, Dahrendorf believed that the formation of classes was the organisation of common interests. That further means that people who are in positions of authority are supposed to control subordination, meaning that sanctions could be put into effect against people who fail to obey authority commands, resulting in fines and further punishments. Dahrendorf argues that society is composed of multiple units that are called imperatively coordinated associations. He saw social conflict as the difference between dominating and subject groups in imperatively-coordinated associations.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marx believed that class formation was based on the ownership of private property. On the contrary, Dahrendorf argued that class formation was always based on authority. He defined authority as a facet of social organisations and as a common element of social structures. There is also another difference between Marx and Dahrendorf concerning the structure of societies. Dahrendorf believed that society had two aspects: consensus and conflict, static and change, order and dissension, cohesion and the role of power, integration and conflict, and lastly consensus and constraint. He saw them all as equally the double aspects of society. On that point, Dahrendorf asserted that society could not survive without both consensus and conflict. He felt that way because without conflict, there can be no consensus, and although consensus leads to conflict, conflict also leads to consensus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most prevalent criticism to Dahrendorf's conflict theory is that it only takes a macrosociological perspective. The theory fails to address much of social life.<sup id="cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_269_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritzer_2008_269-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In increasingly modern, multicultural societies, the contested concept and construct of identity received growing emphasis, and was the focus of many debates. As a consequence of the debates over identity, and inevitably in a globalising, modern, multicultural world, the issues of citizenship came into play. Specifically, the discussions analysed the ways in which citizenship contributed to the formation and construction of identities. Dahrendorf's adherence to a Marxian position seemingly prevented him from participating in these debates. Absent from Dahrendorf's theory were any significant discussions of culture, and therefore, citizenship and identity.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_to_other_classical_theorists_and_perspectives">Relationship to other classical theorists and perspectives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Relationship to other classical theorists and perspectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike many of the other works published by social theorists in the 1950s, Dahrendorf's work acknowledges the same class interests that worried <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a>. Like Marx, Dahrendorf agreed that conflict is still a basic fact of social life. Dahrendorf believed that class conflict could have beneficial consequences for society, such as progressive change.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dahrendorf is recognised for being one of the best departures from the <a href="/wiki/Structural_functionalism" title="Structural functionalism">structural functionalist</a> tradition of the 1950s. Dahrendorf criticised and wanted to challenge the "false, utopian representation of societal harmony, stability, and consensus by the structural functionalist school."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, Dahrendorf still shares key ideas with structural functionalists, such as a general faith in the efficacy of political and economic institutions. Like <a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a>, Dahrendorf criticises Marx's view that the working class will ultimately become a homogeneous group of unskilled machine operators. Dahrendorf points out that in postcapitalist society there are elaborate distinctions regarding income, prestige, skill level, and life chances. Dahrendorf's pluralist view of class and power structures and belief that hierarchies of authority are inevitable in modern societies also reflect Weberian ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Ralf_Dahrendorf_Prize">The Ralf Dahrendorf Prize</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Ralf Dahrendorf Prize"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2019, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) has been awarding certain research projects with the Ralf Dahrendorf Prize. The prize honors excellent research and supports the communication of scientific results to the public. Every two years, the BMBF awards prizes to researchers participating in the EU framework programme for research who have achieved exceptional success.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prize awards the winning research project with 50,000 euros, enabling winners to not only continue their research but explore different communication ideas. There is a jury made up of high class scientists and media personalities that help decide who should receive funding for their projects.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most recent winner of the Ralf Dahrendorf Prize was the Children Born Of War. Children Born Of War – Past, Present, Future, saw researchers from eleven research institutions in the European Union studied the life courses of children, fathered by foreign soldiers and born to local mothers, who were conceived during and after armed conflicts – a topic about which families, local communities and entire societies, often remain silent. Examples include children of the occupations during and after the Second World War in Germany and Austria, or children conceived through rape during the Bosnian War.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Marius Strubenhoff, 'Materialist Method, Agonistic Liberalism: Revisiting Ralf Dahrendorf's Political Thought', <i>in History of Political Thought 39</i> (2018), 541–567</li> <li>Julie Smith, <i>Ralf Dahrendorf (Lord Dahrendorf)</i> in Brack et al. (eds.) <i>Dictionary of Liberal Biography</i>; Politico's 1998 pp. 89–90</li> <li>Julie Smith, <i>Ralf Dahrendorf</i> in Brack & Randall (eds.) <i>Dictionary of Liberal Thought</i>; Politico's 2007 pp83–85</li> <li>Edward G. Grabb, "Theories of Social Inequality: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives." Ontario: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1997</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications_in_printed_in_other_languages">Publications in printed in other languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Publications in printed in other languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_available_in_English">Works available in English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Works available in English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dahrendorf, Ralf. (1959) <i>Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society.</i> Stanford: Stanford University Press</li> <li>Dahrendorf, Ralf. (1968) <i>Essays in the Theory of Society.</i> Stanford: Stanford University Press</li> <li>Dahrendorf, Ralf. (1967) <i>Society and Democracy in Germany.</i> New York & London: W. W. Norton & Company</li> <li>"The Modern Social Conflict". University of California Press: Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1988</li> <li>Dahrendorf, Ralf (1974) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00h3x3t">The New Liberty</a></i> BBC Radio Reith Lectures</li> <li>Dahrendorf, Ralf. (1975) <i>The Crisis of Democracy, Report on the Governability of Democracies to the Trilateral Commission.Excerpts of remarks by Ralf Dahrendorf on the governability study.</i> NY: New York University Press. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8147-1364-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8147-1364-5">0-8147-1364-5</a></li> <li>Dahrendorf, Ralf (1990) <i>Reflections on the Revolution in Europe: In a letter intended to have been sent to a gentleman in Warsaw.</i> New York: Random House</li> <li>Dahrendorf, Ralf. (1979) <i>Life chances: Approaches to Social and Political Theory.</i> London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-77682-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-77682-7">0-297-77682-7</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_available_in_French">Works available in French</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Works available in French"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dahrendorf, Ralf. (1972) <i>Classes et conflits de classes dans la société industrielle.</i> (Introduction by Raymond Aron), Paris: Gallimard</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_available_in_German">Works available in German</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Works available in German"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Gesellschaft und Freiheit: Zur soziologischen Analyse der Gegenwart</i>. Piper, München 1961</li> <li><i>Die angewandte Aufklärung: Gesellschaft u. Soziologie in Amerika</i>. Piper, München 1962</li> <li><i>Homo Sociologicus: ein Versuch zur Geschichte, Bedeutung und Kritik der Kategorie der sozialen Rolle</i>. Westdeutscher Verlag, Köln/Opladen 1965</li> <li><i>Gesellschaft und Demokratie in Deutschland</i>. Piper, München 1965</li> <li><i>Konflikt und Freiheit: auf dem Weg zur Dienstklassengesellschaft</i>. Piper, München 1972, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-492-01782-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-492-01782-7">3-492-01782-7</a></li> <li><i>Pfade aus Utopia: Arbeiten zur Theorie und Methode der Soziologie</i>. Piper, München 1974, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-492-00401-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-492-00401-6">3-492-00401-6</a></li> <li><i>Lebenschancen: Anläufe zur sozialen und politischen Theorie</i>. Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch, Frankfurt a.M. 1979, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-518-37059-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-518-37059-6">3-518-37059-6</a></li> <li><i>Die neue Freiheit: Überleben und Gerechtigkeit in einer veränderten Welt</i>. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt a.M. 1980, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-518-37123-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-518-37123-1">3-518-37123-1</a></li> <li><i>Die Chancen der Krise: über die Zukunft des Liberalismus</i>. DVA, Stuttgart 1983, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-421-06148-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-421-06148-3">3-421-06148-3</a></li> <li><i>Fragmente eines neuen Liberalismus</i>. DVA, Stuttgart 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-421-06361-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-421-06361-3">3-421-06361-3</a></li> <li><i>Der moderne soziale Konflikt: Essay zur Politik der Freiheit</i>. DVA, Stuttgart 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-421-06539-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-421-06539-X">3-421-06539-X</a></li> <li><i>Die Zukunft des Wohlfahrtsstaats</i>. Verl. Neue Kritik, Frankfurt a.M. 1996</li> <li><i>Liberale und andere: Portraits</i>. DVA, Stuttgart 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-421-06669-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-421-06669-8">3-421-06669-8</a></li> <li><i>Liberal und unabhängig: Gerd Bucerius und seine Zeit</i>. Beck, München 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-406-46474-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-406-46474-2">3-406-46474-2</a></li> <li><i>Über Grenzen: Lebenserinnerungen</i>. Beck, München 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-406-49338-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-406-49338-6">3-406-49338-6</a></li> <li><i>Auf der Suche nach einer neuen Ordnung: Vorlesungen zur Politik der Freiheit im <a href="/w/index.php?title=21._Jahrhundert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="21. Jahrhundert (page does not exist)">21. Jahrhundert</a></i>. Beck, München 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-406-50540-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-406-50540-6">3-406-50540-6</a></li> <li><i>Der Wiederbeginn der Geschichte: vom Fall der Mauer zum Krieg im Irak; Reden und Aufsätze</i>. Beck, München 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-406-51879-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-406-51879-6">3-406-51879-6</a></li> <li>Werner Bruns, Döring Walter (Hrsg): Der selbstbewusste Bürger. Bouvier Verlag</li> <li><i>Engagierte Beobachter</i>. Die Intellektuellen und die Versuchungen der Zeit, Wien: Passagen Verlag 2005</li> <li><i>Versuchungen der Unfreiheit. Die Intellektuellen in Zeiten der Prüfung </i>. München 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-406-54054-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-406-54054-6">3-406-54054-6</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1975: elected member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1977: Honorary Degree (Doctor of Science) awarded by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bath" title="University of Bath">University of Bath</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1977: elected member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1977: elected to the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany">Grand Cross with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Life_Peer" class="mw-redirect" title="Life Peer">Life Peer</a> (Baron Dahrendorf)</li> <li>1997: Theodor-Heuss-Preis</li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg">Medal of Merit of Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li>1999: Honorary Senator of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hamburg" title="University of Hamburg">University of Hamburg</a></li> <li>2002: Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Order of Merit of the Italian Republic">Order of Merit of the Italian Republic</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite" title="Pour le Mérite">Pour le Mérite</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dahrendorf_hypothesis" title="Dahrendorf hypothesis">Dahrendorf hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_liberal_theorists" title="List of liberal theorists">List of liberal theorists</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitzer" class="citation cs2">Ritzer, George, <i>Sociological Theory</i>, p. 267</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociological+Theory&rft.pages=267&rft.aulast=Ritzer&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalf+Dahrendorf" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mann_2008_42-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mann_2008_42_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mann_2008_42_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mann_2008_42_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mann_2008_42_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mann_2008_42_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMann2008" class="citation book cs1">Mann, Douglas (2008). <i>A Survey of Modern Social Theory</i>. 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Oxford University Press. pp. 42–43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-542184-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-542184-2"><bdi>978-0-19-542184-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Society%3A+A+Survey+of+Modern+Social+Theory&rft.pages=42-43&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-542184-2&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalf+Dahrendorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mann_2008_43-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mann_2008_43_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mann_2008_43_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMann2008" class="citation book cs1">Mann, Douglas (2008). <i>A Survey of Modern Social Theory</i>. Ontario, Canada: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Survey+of+Modern+Social+Theory&rft.place=Ontario%2C+Canada&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalf+Dahrendorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMann2008" class="citation book cs1">Mann, Douglas (2008). <i>Understanding Society: A Survey of Modern Social Theory</i>. Canada: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 42–43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Society%3A+A+Survey+of+Modern+Social+Theory&rft.place=Canada&rft.pages=42-43&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalf+Dahrendorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCashmoreRojek1999" class="citation book cs1">Cashmore, Ellis; Rojek, Chris (1999). <i>Dictionary of Cultural Theorist</i>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 109–111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Cultural+Theorist&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=109-111&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Cashmore&rft.aufirst=Ellis&rft.au=Rojek%2C+Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalf+Dahrendorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitzer2010" class="citation book cs1">Ritzer, George (19 May 2010). <i>Sociological Theory</i>. Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-811167-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-811167-9"><bdi>978-0-07-811167-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociological+Theory&rft.place=Avenue+of+the+Americas%2C+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2010-05-19&rft.isbn=978-0-07-811167-9&rft.aulast=Ritzer&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalf+Dahrendorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ritzer_2008_265-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_265_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_265_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitzer2008" class="citation book cs1">Ritzer, George (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sociologicaltheo00ritz"><i>Sociological Theory</i></a></span>. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sociologicaltheo00ritz/page/265">265</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-352818-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-352818-2"><bdi>978-0-07-352818-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociological+Theory&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-07-352818-2&rft.aulast=Ritzer&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsociologicaltheo00ritz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalf+Dahrendorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ritzer_2008_266-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_266_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_266_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_266_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_266_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_266_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitzer2008" class="citation book cs1">Ritzer, George (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sociologicaltheo00ritz"><i>Sociological Theory</i></a></span>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sociologicaltheo00ritz/page/266">266</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-352818-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-352818-2"><bdi>978-0-07-352818-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociological+Theory&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=266&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-07-352818-2&rft.aulast=Ritzer&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsociologicaltheo00ritz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalf+Dahrendorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sociological_theory-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sociological_theory_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sociological_theory_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sociological_theory_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sociological_theory_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitzer2010" class="citation book cs1">Ritzer, George (2010). <i>Sociological theory</i> (8th ed.). Boston: <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-811167-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-811167-9"><bdi>978-0-07-811167-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociological+theory&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-07-811167-9&rft.aulast=Ritzer&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalf+Dahrendorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahrendorf1995" class="citation book cs1">Dahrendorf, Ralf (1995). <i>LSE: A History of the London School of Economics and Political Science, 1895-1995</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LSE%3A+A+History+of+the+London+School+of+Economics+and+Political+Science%2C+1895-1995&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Dahrendorf&rft.aufirst=Ralf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalf+Dahrendorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ritzer_2008_268-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_268_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_268_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_268_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_268_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitzer2008" class="citation book cs1">Ritzer, George (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sociologicaltheo00ritz"><i>Sociological Theory</i></a></span>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sociologicaltheo00ritz/page/268">268</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-352818-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-352818-2"><bdi>978-0-07-352818-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociological+Theory&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-07-352818-2&rft.aulast=Ritzer&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsociologicaltheo00ritz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalf+Dahrendorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinsonKelley1979" class="citation journal cs1">Robinson, Robert V.; Kelley, Jonathan (1979). "Class as Conceived by Marx and Dahrendorf: Effects on Income Inequality and Politics in the United States and Great Britain". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Sociological_Review" title="American Sociological Review">American Sociological Review</a></i>. <b>44</b> (1): 38–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2094817">10.2307/2094817</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2094817">2094817</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Review&rft.atitle=Class+as+Conceived+by+Marx+and+Dahrendorf%3A+Effects+on+Income+Inequality+and+Politics+in+the+United+States+and+Great+Britain&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=38-58&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2094817&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2094817%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Robert+V.&rft.au=Kelley%2C+Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalf+Dahrendorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllan2006" class="citation book cs1">Allan, Kenneth (2006). <i>Contemporary Socialand Sociological Theory</i>. California: Pine Forge Press. p. 164.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Socialand+Sociological+Theory&rft.place=California&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Pine+Forge+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Allan&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalf+Dahrendorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ritzer_2008_269-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_269_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ritzer_2008_269_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitzer2008" class="citation book cs1">Ritzer, George (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sociologicaltheo00ritz"><i>Sociological Theory</i></a></span>. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sociologicaltheo00ritz/page/269">269</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-352818-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-352818-2"><bdi>978-0-07-352818-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociological+Theory&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=269&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-07-352818-2&rft.aulast=Ritzer&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsociologicaltheo00ritz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalf+Dahrendorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkin1979" class="citation book cs1">Parkin, Frank (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4883103"><i>Marxism and class theory : a bourgeois critique</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ralf+Dahrendorf%2C+Sociologist%2C+Dies+at+80&rft.date=2009-06-22&rft.aulast=Grimes&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F06%2F22%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F22dahrendorf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalf+Dahrendorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_Dahrendorf&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ralf_Dahrendorf" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ralf Dahrendorf">Ralf Dahrendorf</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dahrendorf-symposium.eu/">2011 Dahrendorf Symposium</a> – Changing the Debate on Europe – Moving Beyond Conventional Wisdoms</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121031074609/http://blog.dahrendorf-symposium.eu/">2011 Dahrendorf Symposium Blog</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/conversations/Elberg/Dahrendorf/dahrendorf0.html"><i>Straddling Theory with Practice</i> – Conversation with Sir Ralf Dahrendorf by Harry Kreisler of the Institute of International Studies; 4 April 1989</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/politics-obituaries/5571140/Lord-Dahrendorf.html"><i>Daily Telegraph</i> obituary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110518065154/http://www.liberalhistory.org.uk/item_single.php?item_id=23&item=biography">Biography at the Liberal Democrat History Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/22/world/europe/22dahrendorf.html"><i>New York Times</i> Obituary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/the-decline-of-socialism">Lecture of Dahrendorf (25 May 1989)</a> about 'The Decline of Socialism' at <a href="/wiki/Gresham_College" title="Gresham College">Gresham College</a> (audio and pdf transcript)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Jahn" title="Gerhard Jahn">Gerhard Jahn</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ausw%C3%A4rtiges_Amt" class="mw-redirect" title="Auswärtiges Amt">Parliamentary Secretary of State at the German Foreign Office</a> </b><br />1969–1970 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Moersch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Moersch (page does not exist)">Karl Moersch</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_der_Groeben" title="Hans von der Groeben">Hans von der Groeben</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Hellwig" title="Fritz Hellwig">Fritz Hellwig</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Commissioners_by_nationality#Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Commissioners by nationality">German European Commissioner</a> </b><br />1970–1977 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Guido_Brunner" title="Guido Brunner">Guido Brunner</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_der_Groeben" title="Hans von der Groeben">Hans von der Groeben</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Trade" title="European Commissioner for Trade">European Commissioner for External Relations and Trade</a> </b><br />1970–1972 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Willy_De_Clercq" title="Willy De Clercq">Willy De Clercq</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli">Altiero Spinelli</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Science_%26_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Science & Research">European Commissioner for Research, Science and Education</a> </b><br />1973–1974 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Guido_Brunner" title="Guido Brunner">Guido Brunner</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Wolfgang_Rubin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Wolfgang Rubin (page does not exist)">Hans Wolfgang Rubin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Naumann_Foundation" title="Friedrich Naumann Foundation">Chairman of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation</a> </b><br />1982–1987 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Mischnick" title="Wolfgang Mischnick">Wolfgang Mischnick</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Theodor W. Adorno</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/German_Society_for_Sociology" class="mw-redirect" title="German Society for Sociology">Chairman of the German Society for Sociology</a> </b><br />1967–1970 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_K._Scheuch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erwin K. Scheuch (page does not exist)">Erwin K. Scheuch</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Adams_(historian)" title="Walter Adams (historian)">Walter Adams</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">Director of the London School of Economics</a> </b><br />1974–1984 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/I._G._Patel" title="I. G. Patel">I. G. Patel</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Carr" title="Raymond Carr">Sir Raymond Carr</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/St_Antony%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Antony's College, Oxford">Warden of St Antony's College, Oxford</a> </b><br />1987–1997 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Marrack_Goulding" title="Marrack Goulding">Sir Marrack Goulding</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#99d6ff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" title="Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" title="Template talk:Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Prince or Princess of Asturias Award</a> for Social Sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Prince_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prince of Asturias Award for Social Sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rom%C3%A1n_Perpi%C3%B1%C3%A1_Grau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Román Perpiñá Grau (page does not exist)">Román Perpiñá Grau</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C3%A0_Perpiny%C3%A0_Grau" class="extiw" title="ca:Romà Perpinyà Grau">ca</a>]</span></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Dom%C3%ADnguez_Ortiz" title="Antonio Domínguez Ortiz">Antonio Domínguez Ortiz</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Julio_Caro_Baroja" title="Julio Caro Baroja">Julio Caro Baroja</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Garc%C3%ADa_de_Enterr%C3%ADa" title="Eduardo García de Enterría">Eduardo García de Enterría</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Carande" title="Ramón Carande">Ramón Carande Thovar</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Pinillos_D%C3%ADaz" title="José Luis Pinillos Díaz">José Luis Pinillos</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Linz" title="Juan José Linz">Juan José Linz</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Luis_D%C3%ADez_del_Corral" title="Luis Díez del Corral">Luis Díez del Corral</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_S%C3%A1nchez_Agesta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Sánchez Agesta (page does not exist)">Luis Sánchez Agesta</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_S%C3%A1nchez_Agesta" class="extiw" title="es:Luis Sánchez Agesta">es</a>]</span></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Fuentes_Quintana" title="Enrique Fuentes Quintana">Enrique Fuentes Quintana</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodrigo_Ur%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodrigo Uría González (page does not exist)">Rodrigo Uría González</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_Ur%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez" class="extiw" title="es:Rodrigo Uría González">es</a>]</span></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Artola_Gallego" title="Miguel Artola Gallego">Miguel Artola Gallego</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Velarde_(economist)" title="Juan Velarde (economist)">Juan Velarde Fuertes</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Zavala" title="Silvio Zavala">Silvio Zavala</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Aurelio_Men%C3%A9ndez" title="Aurelio Menéndez">Aurelio Menéndez Menéndez</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Ver%C3%ADssimo_Serr%C3%A3o" title="Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão">Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miquel_Batllori_i_Munn%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miquel Batllori i Munné (page does not exist)">Miquel Batllori i Munné</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miquel_Batllori_i_Munn%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="ca:Miquel Batllori i Munné">ca</a>; <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miquel_Batllori" class="extiw" title="es:Miquel Batllori">es</a>]</span></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/J._H._Elliott" title="J. H. Elliott">John H. Elliott</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%AD_de_Riquer_i_Morera" title="Martí de Riquer i Morera">Martí de Riquer i Morera</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Werner" title="Pierre Werner">Pierre Werner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Santer" title="Jacques Santer">Jacques Santer</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Carr" title="Raymond Carr">Raymond Carr</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Martini" title="Carlo Maria Martini">Carlo Maria Martini</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/El_Colegio_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="El Colegio de México">El Colegio de México</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Iglesias_Santos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Iglesias Santos (page does not exist)">Juan Iglesias Santos</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Iglesias_Santos" class="extiw" title="ca:Juan Iglesias Santos">ca</a>; <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Iglesias_Santos" class="extiw" title="es:Juan Iglesias Santos">es</a>]</span></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Giddens" title="Anthony Giddens">Anthony Giddens</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Jürgen Habermas</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Sartori" title="Giovanni Sartori">Giovanni Sartori</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a></li> <li>2007: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ralf Dahrendorf</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Tzvetan_Todorov" title="Tzvetan Todorov">Tzvetan Todorov</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a></li> <li>2010: The archaeological team of the <a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses</a> of <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Gardner" title="Howard Gardner">Howard Gardner</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Martha Nussbaum</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Saskia_Sassen" title="Saskia Sassen">Saskia Sassen</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_P%C3%A9rez" title="Joseph Pérez">Joseph Pérez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Beard_(classicist)" title="Mary Beard (classicist)">Mary Beard</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Karen_Armstrong" title="Karen Armstrong">Karen Armstrong</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Sandel" title="Michael Sandel">Michael Sandel</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Portes" title="Alejandro Portes">Alejandro Portes</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Dani_Rodrik" title="Dani Rodrik">Dani Rodrik</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Matos_Moctezuma" title="Eduardo Matos Moctezuma">Eduardo Matos Moctezuma</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Carr%C3%A8re_d%27Encausse" title="Hélène Carrère d'Encausse">Hélène Carrère d'Encausse</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff">Michael Ignatieff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Commissioners_by_nationality#Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Commissioners by nationality">European Commissioners from Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hallstein" title="Walter Hallstein">Walter Hallstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_der_Groeben" title="Hans von der Groeben">Hans von der Groeben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Hellwig" title="Fritz Hellwig">Fritz Hellwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Haferkamp" title="Wilhelm Haferkamp">Wilhelm Haferkamp</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ralf Dahrendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Brunner" title="Guido Brunner">Guido Brunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl-Heinz_Narjes" title="Karl-Heinz Narjes">Karl-Heinz Narjes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alois_Pfeiffer" title="Alois Pfeiffer">Alois Pfeiffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schmidhuber" title="Peter Schmidhuber">Peter Schmidhuber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bangemann" title="Martin Bangemann">Martin Bangemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monika_Wulf-Mathies" title="Monika Wulf-Mathies">Monika Wulf-Mathies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michaele_Schreyer" title="Michaele Schreyer">Michaele Schreyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Verheugen" title="Günter Verheugen">Günter Verheugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Oettinger" title="Günther Oettinger">Günther Oettinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/50px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/75px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/100px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="x17px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_x17px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_Members_of_the_6th_Bundestag_(1969–1972)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFF; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #f4d552, inset -1px -1px 0 #f4d552;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_6th_Bundestag" title="Template:Members of the 6th Bundestag"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_6th_Bundestag" title="Template talk:Members of the 6th Bundestag"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_6th_Bundestag" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the 6th Bundestag"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x17px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_x17px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_Members_of_the_6th_Bundestag_(1969–1972)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Deutscher_Bundestag_logo.svg/20px-Deutscher_Bundestag_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Deutscher_Bundestag_logo.svg/30px-Deutscher_Bundestag_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Deutscher_Bundestag_logo.svg/39px-Deutscher_Bundestag_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="348" /></span></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/29px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/57px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_6th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 6th Bundestag">Members of the 6th Bundestag (1969–1972)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFF; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #f4d552, inset -1px -1px 0 #f4d552;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Bundestag" title="President of the Bundestag">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kai-Uwe_von_Hassel" title="Kai-Uwe von Hassel">Kai-Uwe von Hassel</a> (CDU)</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFF; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #f4d552, inset -1px -1px 0 #f4d552;;width:1%">CDU/CSU</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:6th_Bundestag_CDU_and_CSU" title="Template:6th Bundestag CDU and CSU"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:6th_Bundestag_CDU_and_CSU" title="Template talk:6th Bundestag CDU and CSU"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:6th_Bundestag_CDU_and_CSU" title="Special:EditPage/Template:6th Bundestag CDU and CSU"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="CDU_and_CSU" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">CDU and CSU</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Speaker: <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Barzel" title="Rainer Barzel">Rainer Barzel</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>CDU:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Abelein" title="Manfred Abelein">Abelein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Adorno" title="Eduard Adorno">Adorno</a> (until 21 August 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegbert_Alber" title="Siegbert Alber">Alber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odal_von_Alten-Nordheim" title="Odal von Alten-Nordheim">Alten-Nordheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Amrehn" title="Franz Amrehn">Amrehn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Arnold_(politician)" title="Gottfried Arnold (politician)">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Artzinger" title="Helmut Artzinger">Artzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Bach" title="Franz Josef Bach">Bach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Baier" title="Fritz Baier">Baier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Balkenhol" title="Bernhard Balkenhol">Balkenhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Barzel" title="Rainer Barzel">Barzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curt_Becker_(politician,_born_1905)" title="Curt Becker (politician, born 1905)">Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Becker_(politician,_born_1905)" class="mw-redirect" title="Josef Becker (politician, born 1905)">Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Benda" title="Ernst Benda">Benda</a> (until 8 December 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Berberich" title="August Berberich">Berberich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Berding" title="Franz Berding">Berding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieselotte_Berger" title="Lieselotte Berger">Berger</a> (from 26 August 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Berger_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulrich Berger (politician)">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Bewerunge" title="Karl Bewerunge">Bewerunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Biechele" title="Hermann Biechele">Biechele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Birrenbach" title="Kurt Birrenbach">Birrenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_von_Bismarck" title="Philipp von Bismarck">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Bittelmann" title="Otto Bittelmann">Bittelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Blank" title="Theodor Blank">Blank</a> (until 21 April 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Blumenfeld" title="Erik Blumenfeld">Blumenfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_von_Bockelberg" title="Helmut von Bockelberg">Bockelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_B%C3%B6hme_(politician,_born_1925)" title="Günter Böhme (politician, born 1925)">Böhme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Brandes" title="Bruno Brandes">Brandes</a> (until 29 October 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aenne_Brauksiepe" title="Aenne Brauksiepe">Brauksiepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Breidbach" title="Ferdinand Breidbach">Breidbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Bremer" title="Rolf Bremer">Bremer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Bremm" title="Klaus Bremm">Bremm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Br%C3%BCck" title="Valentin Brück">Brück</a> (from 14 August 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Burgbacher" title="Fritz Burgbacher">Burgbacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Burgemeister" title="Alfred Burgemeister">Burgemeister</a> (until 23 April 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Burger_(politician)" title="Albert Burger (politician)">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Czaja" title="Herbert Czaja">Czaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Damm_(politician,_born_1927)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Damm (politician, born 1927)">Damm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rembert_van_Delden" title="Rembert van Delden">Delden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dichgans" title="Hans Dichgans">Dichgans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Draeger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Draeger (page does not exist)">Draeger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Felix_von_Eckardt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felix von Eckardt (page does not exist)">Eckardt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benno_Erhard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benno Erhard (page does not exist)">Erhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Erhard" title="Ludwig Erhard">Erhard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Ernesti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo Ernesti (page does not exist)">Ernesti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Erpenbeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand Erpenbeck (page does not exist)">Erpenbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Evers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Evers (page does not exist)">Evers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinz_Eyrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinz Eyrich (page does not exist)">Eyrich</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Freiherr_von_Fircks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Freiherr von Fircks (page does not exist)">Fircks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Franke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Franke (page does not exist)">Franke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Freiwald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Freiwald (page does not exist)">Freiwald</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B6ke_Frerichs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Göke Frerichs (page does not exist)">Frerichs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isidor_Fr%C3%BCh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isidor Früh (page does not exist)">Früh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Furler" title="Hans Furler">Furler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Gatzen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Gatzen (page does not exist)">Gatzen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Gewandt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Gewandt (page does not exist)">Gewandt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udo_Giulini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udo Giulini (page does not exist)">Giulini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Gl%C3%BCsing" title="Hermann Glüsing">Glüsing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_G%C3%B6lter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Gölter (page does not exist)">Gölter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Gottesleben&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo Gottesleben (page does not exist)">Gottesleben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6tz_(politician,_born_1914)" title="Hermann Götz (politician, born 1914)">Götz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Gradl" title="Johann Baptist Gradl">Gradl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annemarie_Griesinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annemarie Griesinger (page does not exist)">Griesinger</a> (until 6 September 1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Gruhl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Gruhl (page does not exist)">Gruhl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lothar_Haase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lothar Haase (page does not exist)">Haase</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hansj%C3%B6rg_H%C3%A4fele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hansjörg Häfele (page does not exist)">Häfele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hallstein" title="Walter Hallstein">Hallstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Hammans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Hammans (page does not exist)">Hammans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Hanz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="August Hanz (page does not exist)">Hanz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinz_Hartnack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinz Hartnack (page does not exist)">Hartnack</a> (from 14 September 1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_H%C3%A4rzschel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Härzschel (page does not exist)">Härzschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kai-Uwe_von_Hassel" title="Kai-Uwe von Hassel">Hassel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alo_Hauser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alo Hauser (page does not exist)">Hauser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Hauser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Hauser (page does not exist)">Hauser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_H%C3%A4ussler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erwin Häussler (page does not exist)">Häussler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Heck" title="Bruno Heck">Heck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Hein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Hein (page does not exist)">Hein</a> (from 27 April 1970 until 18 April 1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walther_Hellige&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walther Hellige (page does not exist)">Hellige</a> (from 19 April 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Helms" title="Wilhelm Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Henze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria Henze (page does not exist)">Henze</a> (until 10 April 1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Hermesdorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Hermesdorf (page does not exist)">Hermesdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Horstmeier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Horstmeier (page does not exist)">Horstmeier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphons_Horten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alphons Horten (page does not exist)">Horten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Hubrig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Hubrig (page does not exist)">Hubrig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hupka" title="Herbert Hupka">Hupka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dieter_Hussing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dieter Hussing (page does not exist)">Hussing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambert_Huys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambert Huys (page does not exist)">Huys</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Jacobi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria Jacobi (page does not exist)">Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Edgar_Jahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Edgar Jahn (page does not exist)">Jahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Jenninger" title="Philipp Jenninger">Jenninger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Peter_Josten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Peter Josten (page does not exist)">Josten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Jungmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Jungmann (page does not exist)">Jungmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Kalinke" title="Margot Kalinke">Kalinke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Katzer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Katzer (page does not exist)">Katzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Leisler_Kiep" title="Walther Leisler Kiep">Kiep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Georg_Kiesinger" title="Kurt Georg Kiesinger">Kiesinger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Elisabeth_Klee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie-Elisabeth Klee (page does not exist)">Klee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Klepsch" title="Egon Klepsch">Klepsch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Kliesing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Kliesing (page does not exist)">Kliesing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans-J%C3%BCrgen_Klinker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans-Jürgen Klinker (page does not exist)">Klinker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_K%C3%B6ppler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Köppler (page does not exist)">Köppler</a> (until 8 August 1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_K%C3%B6ster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottfried Köster (page does not exist)">Köster</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Kotowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Kotowski (page does not exist)">Kotowski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Krammig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Krammig (page does not exist)">Krammig</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Krampe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Krampe (page does not exist)">Krampe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Kraske&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konrad Kraske (page does not exist)">Kraske</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Kunz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Kunz (page does not exist)">Kunz</a> (from 13 December 1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egon_Lampersbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egon Lampersbach (page does not exist)">Lampersbach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Leicht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Leicht (page does not exist)">Leicht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lemmer" title="Ernst Lemmer">Lemmer</a> (until 18 August 1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Lensing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Lensing (page does not exist)">Lensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Otto_Lenz" title="Carl Otto Lenz">Lenz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Lenze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Lenze (page does not exist)">Lenze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Lenzer" title="Christian Lenzer">Lenzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Link" title="Helmut Link">Link</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_L%C3%B6her&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Löher (page does not exist)">Löher</a> (from 23 April 1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_L%C3%B6hr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Löhr (page does not exist)">Löhr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uwe_Looft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uwe Looft (page does not exist)">Looft</a> (from 15 October 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_L%C3%BCcke" title="Paul Lücke">Lücke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manfred_Luda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manfred Luda (page does not exist)">Luda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Majonica" title="Ernst Majonica">Majonica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berthold_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berthold Martin (page does not exist)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Marx_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Marx (politician) (page does not exist)">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Maucher" title="Eugen Maucher">Maucher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siegfried_Meister_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siegfried Meister (politician) (page does not exist)">Meister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Mende" title="Erich Mende">Mende</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Mick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Mick (page does not exist)">Mick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mikat" title="Paul Mikat">Mikat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Miltner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Miltner (page does not exist)">Miltner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnther_M%C3%BCller_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Günther Müller (politician) (page does not exist)">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_M%C3%BCller_(politician,_born_1916)" title="Adolf Müller (politician, born 1916)">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_M%C3%BCller_(politician)" title="Johannes Müller (politician)">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_M%C3%BCller_(CDU_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Müller (CDU politician) (page does not exist)">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_M%C3%BCller_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Müller (politician) (page does not exist)">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_M%C3%BCller-Hermann" title="Ernst Müller-Hermann">Müller-Hermann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl-Heinz_Mursch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl-Heinz Mursch (page does not exist)">Mursch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_von_Nordenskj%C3%B6ld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Günter von Nordenskjöld (page does not exist)">Nordenskjöld</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Orga%C3%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Orgaß (page does not exist)">Orgaß</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Petersen_(German_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Petersen (German politician) (page does not exist)">Petersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Pfeifer" title="Anton Pfeifer">Pfeifer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Picard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Picard (page does not exist)">Picard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmar_Pieroth" title="Elmar Pieroth">Pieroth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liselotte_Pieser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liselotte Pieser (page does not exist)">Pieser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winfried_Pinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winfried Pinger (page does not exist)">Pinger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eberhard_Pohlmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eberhard Pohlmann (page does not exist)">Pohlmann</a> (from 4 November 1969)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Prassler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmut Prassler (page does not exist)">Prassler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Prei%C3%9F" title="Ludwig Preiß">Preiß</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Will_Rasner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Will Rasner (page does not exist)">Rasner</a> (until 15 October 1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Rawe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Rawe (page does not exist)">Rawe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Reddemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Reddemann (page does not exist)">Reddemann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Reinhard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Reinhard (page does not exist)">Reinhard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Richarts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Richarts (page does not exist)">Richarts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clemens_Riedel_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clemens Riedel (politician) (page does not exist)">Riedel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Rinsche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Günter Rinsche (page does not exist)">Rinsche</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerd_Ritgen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerd Ritgen (page does not exist)">Ritgen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burkhard_Ritz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burkhard Ritz (page does not exist)">Ritz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edelhard_Rock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edelhard Rock (page does not exist)">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietrich_Rollmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietrich Rollmann (page does not exist)">Rollmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Rommerskirchen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Rommerskirchen (page does not exist)">Rommerskirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Schlichting-von_R%C3%B6nn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Günter Schlichting-von Rönn (page does not exist)">Rönn</a> (from 17 April 1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_R%C3%B6sing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Rösing (page does not exist)">Rösing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Ruf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Ruf (page does not exist)">Ruf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Josef_Russe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Josef Russe (page does not exist)">Russe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Sauter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Sauter (page does not exist)">Sauter</a> (from 29 August 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botho_Prinz_zu_Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein" title="Botho Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein">Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus_Schmid-Burgk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus Schmid-Burgk (page does not exist)">Schmid-Burgk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Schmidt_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Schmidt (politician) (page does not exist)">Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Schmitt_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Schmitt (politician) (page does not exist)">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl-Heinz_Schmitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl-Heinz Schmitz (page does not exist)">Schmitz</a> (from 20 August 1970 until 25 August 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schm%C3%BCcker" title="Kurt Schmücker">Schmücker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Schneider_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Schneider (politician) (page does not exist)">Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Schober&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Schober (page does not exist)">Schober</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Schr%C3%B6der_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Schröder (politician) (page does not exist)">Schröder</a> (until 12 September 1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diedrich_Schr%C3%B6der&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diedrich Schröder (page does not exist)">Schröder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der_(CDU)" title="Gerhard Schröder (CDU)">Schröder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christa_Schroeder_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christa Schroeder (politician) (page does not exist)">Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Schulhoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Schulhoff (page does not exist)">Schulhoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Schulte" title="Dieter Schulte">Schulte</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus-Peter_Schulz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus-Peter Schulz (page does not exist)">Schulz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schw%C3%B6rer" title="Hermann Schwörer">Schwörer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Seiters" title="Rudolf Seiters">Seiters</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Seume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Seume (page does not exist)">Seume</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J_Hermann_Siemer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J Hermann Siemer (page does not exist)">Siemer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_Solke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emil Solke (page does not exist)">Solke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerd_Springorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerd Springorum (page does not exist)">Springorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Sprung" title="Rudolf Sprung">Sprung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Stahlberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Stahlberg (page does not exist)">Stahlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_Stark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton Stark (page does not exist)">Stark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Starke" title="Heinz Starke">Starke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Otto_Stehle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Otto Stehle (page does not exist)">Stehle</a> (from 7 September 1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Stein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Stein (page does not exist)">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Steiner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Steiner (page does not exist)">Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Stoltenberg" title="Gerhard Stoltenberg">Stoltenberg</a> (until 3 June 1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Stommel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria Stommel (page does not exist)">Stommel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich-Karl_Storm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich-Karl Storm (page does not exist)">Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detlef_Struve" title="Detlef Struve">Struve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egon_Susset&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egon Susset (page does not exist)">Susset</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz-Lorenz_von_Thadden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz-Lorenz von Thadden (page does not exist)">Thadden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Tobaben" title="Peter Tobaben">Tobaben</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irma_T%C3%BCbler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irma Tübler (page does not exist)">Tübler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Josef_Unland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Josef Unland (page does not exist)">Unland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Varelmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Varelmann (page does not exist)">Varelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Vehar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Vehar (page does not exist)">Vehar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Vogel_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Vogel (politician) (page does not exist)">Vogel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Vogt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Vogt (page does not exist)">Vogt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Volmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Günter Volmer (page does not exist)">Volmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl-Ludwig_Wagner" title="Carl-Ludwig Wagner">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna_Walz" title="Hanna Walz">Walz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Wawrzik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Wawrzik (page does not exist)">Wawrzik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Weber_(politician,_born_1936)" title="Karl Weber (politician, born 1936)">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Richard von Weizsäcker">Weizsäcker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Wendelborn" title="Helmut Wendelborn">Wendelborn</a> (from 11 June 1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Werner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Werner (page does not exist)">Werner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Windelen" title="Heinrich Windelen">Windelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Winkelheide" title="Bernhard Winkelheide">Winkelheide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Wissebach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Wissebach (page does not exist)">Wissebach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCrgen_Wohlrabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jürgen Wohlrabe (page does not exist)">Wohlrabe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erika_Wolf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erika Wolf (page does not exist)">Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_W%C3%B6rner" title="Manfred Wörner">Wörner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olaf_Baron_von_Wrangel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olaf Baron von Wrangel (page does not exist)">Wrangel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Wulff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Wulff (page does not exist)">Wulff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Zink" title="Otto Zink">Zink</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siegfried_Zoglmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siegfried Zoglmann (page does not exist)">Zoglmann</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>CSU:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Aigner" title="Heinrich Aigner">Aigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Althammer" title="Walter Althammer">Althammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Becher" title="Walter Becher">Becher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Biehle" title="Alfred Biehle">Biehle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Cantzler" title="Roland Cantzler">Cantzler</a> (from 7 June 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Dasch" title="Valentin Dasch">Dasch</a> (until 15 September 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Dittrich" title="Stefan Dittrich">Dittrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Dollinger" title="Werner Dollinger">Dollinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Ehnes" title="Georg Ehnes">Ehnes</a> (until 19 September 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Engelsberger" title="Matthias Engelsberger">Engelsberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Franz" title="Ludwig Franz">Franz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Fuchs_(politician)" title="Karl Fuchs (politician)">Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_Geisend%C3%B6rfer" title="Ingeborg Geisendörfer">Geisendörfer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Xaver_Geisenhofer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Xaver Geisenhofer (page does not exist)">Geisenhofer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Gerlach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Gerlach (page does not exist)">Gerlach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Heinz_Gierenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Heinz Gierenstein (page does not exist)">Gierenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Gleissner_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Gleissner (politician) (page does not exist)">Gleissner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Theodor_Freiherr_von_und_zu_Guttenberg" title="Karl Theodor Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg">Guttenberg</a> (until 6 June 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_H%C3%B6cherl" title="Hermann Höcherl">Höcherl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alex_H%C3%B6sl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alex Hösl (page does not exist)">Hösl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Jaeger" title="Richard Jaeger">Jaeger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dionys_Jobst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dionys Jobst (page does not exist)">Jobst</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Kempfler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Kempfler (page does not exist)">Kempfler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Kiechle" title="Ignaz Kiechle">Kiechle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gisbert_Kley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gisbert Kley (page does not exist)">Kley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhold_Kreile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reinhold Kreile (page does not exist)">Kreile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edeltraud_Kuchtner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edeltraud Kuchtner (page does not exist)">Kuchtner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Heinz_Lemmrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Heinz Lemmrich (page does not exist)">Lemmrich</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_August_L%C3%BCcker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans August Lücker (page does not exist)">Lücker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linus_Memmel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linus Memmel (page does not exist)">Memmel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Menth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Menth (page does not exist)">Menth</a> (from 19 September 1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenz_Niegel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorenz Niegel (page does not exist)">Niegel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_Ott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton Ott (page does not exist)">Ott</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Pohle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Pohle (page does not exist)">Pohle</a> (until 27 August 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Probst" title="Albert Probst">Probst</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Prochazka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Prochazka (page does not exist)">Prochazka</a> (from 18 September 1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alois_Rainer_(politician,_born_1921)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alois Rainer (politician, born 1921) (page does not exist)">Rainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Riedl" title="Erich Riedl">Riedl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_R%C3%B6hner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Röhner (page does not exist)">Röhner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Roser_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Roser (politician) (page does not exist)">Roser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Schedl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Schedl (page does not exist)">Schedl</a> (from 7 January 1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_Schlee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albrecht Schlee (page does not exist)">Schlee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oscar_Schneider&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oscar Schneider (page does not exist)">Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Schulze-Vorberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Schulze-Vorberg (page does not exist)">Schulze-Vorberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl-Heinz_Spilker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl-Heinz Spilker (page does not exist)">Spilker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Strauss" title="Franz Josef Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_St%C3%BCcklen" title="Richard Stücklen">Stücklen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Xaver_Unertl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Xaver Unertl (page does not exist)">Unertl</a> (until 31 December 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Wagner" title="Leo Wagner">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Warnke" title="Jürgen Warnke">Warnke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Weigl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Weigl (page does not exist)">Weigl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Wittmann" title="Fritz Wittmann">Wittmann</a> (from 6 September 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Ziegler" title="Erich Ziegler">Ziegler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Zimmermann" title="Friedrich Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFF; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #f4d552, inset -1px -1px 0 #f4d552;;width:1%">SPD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:6th_Bundestag_SPD" title="Template:6th Bundestag SPD"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:6th_Bundestag_SPD" title="Template talk:6th Bundestag SPD"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:6th_Bundestag_SPD" title="Special:EditPage/Template:6th Bundestag SPD"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="SPD" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">SPD</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Speaker: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Wehner" title="Herbert Wehner">Herbert Wehner</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Members:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudi_Adams" title="Rudi Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ahrens" title="Karl Ahrens">Ahrens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCrgen_Anbuhl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jürgen Anbuhl (page does not exist)">Anbuhl</a> (from 3 November 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Apel" title="Hans Apel">Apel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Arendt" title="Walter Arendt">Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claus_Arndt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claus Arndt (page does not exist)">Arndt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus_Dieter_Arndt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus Dieter Arndt (page does not exist)">Arndt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Baack (page does not exist)">Baack</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans-Joachim_Baeuchle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans-Joachim Baeuchle (page does not exist)">Baeuchle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Bals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Bals (page does not exist)">Bals</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Barche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Barche (page does not exist)">Barche</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Bardens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Bardens (page does not exist)">Bardens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willy_Bartsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willy Bartsch (page does not exist)">Bartsch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Batz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Batz (page does not exist)">Batz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hannsheinz_Bauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannsheinz Bauer (page does not exist)">Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willi_B%C3%A4uerle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willi Bäuerle (page does not exist)">Bäuerle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Bay (page does not exist)">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfons_Bayerl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfons Bayerl (page does not exist)">Bayerl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Bechert" title="Karl Bechert">Bechert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmuth_Becker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmuth Becker (page does not exist)">Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Beermann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Beermann (page does not exist)">Beermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Behrendt" title="Walter Behrendt">Behrendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Bergmann_(politician)" title="Karl Bergmann (politician)">Bergmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Wilhelm_Berkhan" title="Karl Wilhelm Berkhan">Berkhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Berlin" title="August Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Biermann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Günter Biermann (page does not exist)">Biermann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fritz_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritz Böhm (page does not exist)">Böhm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holger_B%C3%B6rner" title="Holger Börner">Börner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenelotte_von_Bothmer" title="Lenelotte von Bothmer">Bothmer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans-Ulrich_Brand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans-Ulrich Brand (page does not exist)">Brand</a> (until 3 November 1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Brandt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Brandt (page does not exist)">Brandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Brandt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wenzel_Bredl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wenzel Bredl (page does not exist)">Bredl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alwin_Br%C3%BCck" title="Alwin Brück">Brück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Br%C3%BCnen" title="Eberhard Brünen">Brünen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_B%C3%BCchler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Büchler (page does not exist)">Büchler</a> (from 9 December 1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_B%C3%BCchner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Büchner (page does not exist)">Büchner</a> (from 12 October 1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Buchstaller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Buchstaller (page does not exist)">Buchstaller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_B%C3%BChling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reinhard Bühling (page does not exist)">Bühling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_von_B%C3%BClow" title="Andreas von Bülow">Bülow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Buschfort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Buschfort (page does not exist)">Buschfort</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernhard_Bu%C3%9Fmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernhard Bußmann (page does not exist)">Bußmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Collet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Collet (page does not exist)">Collet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Corterier" title="Peter Corterier">Corterier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Cramer_(politician)" title="Johann Cramer (politician)">Cramer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedhelm_Dohmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedhelm Dohmann (page does not exist)">Dohmann</a> (until 20 February 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Dohnanyi" title="Klaus von Dohnanyi">Dohnanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Dr%C3%B6scher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Dröscher (page does not exist)">Dröscher</a> (until 12 October 1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulrich_D%C3%BCbber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulrich Dübber (page does not exist)">Dübber</a> (from 16 July 1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_D%C3%BCrr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Dürr (page does not exist)">Dürr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnther_Eckerland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Günther Eckerland (page does not exist)">Eckerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Ehmke" title="Horst Ehmke">Ehmke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Eilers" title="Elfriede Eilers">Eilers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Elsner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilse Elsner (page does not exist)">Elsner</a> (until 14 May 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendelin_Enders" title="Wendelin Enders">Enders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Engholm" title="Björn Engholm">Engholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhard_Eppler" title="Erhard Eppler">Eppler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Esters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmut Esters (page does not exist)">Esters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Faller" title="Walter Faller">Faller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedhelm_Farthmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedhelm Farthmann (page does not exist)">Farthmann</a> (from 26 June 1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_FellerMayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig FellerMayer (page does not exist)">FellerMayer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udo_Fiebig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udo Fiebig (page does not exist)">Fiebig</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willi_Fischer_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willi Fischer (politician) (page does not exist)">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Fl%C3%A4mig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Flämig (page does not exist)">Flämig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharina_Focke" title="Katharina Focke">Focke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Folger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erwin Folger (page does not exist)">Folger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Franke_(politician)" title="Egon Franke (politician)">Franke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinz_Frehsee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinz Frehsee (page does not exist)">Frehsee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigitte_Freyh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigitte Freyh (page does not exist)">Freyh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Fritsch_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Fritsch (politician) (page does not exist)">Fritsch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Geiger_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Geiger (politician) (page does not exist)">Geiger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horst_Gerlach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horst Gerlach (page does not exist)">Gerlach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Gertzen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Gertzen (page does not exist)">Gertzen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manfred_Ge%C3%9Fner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manfred Geßner (page does not exist)">Geßner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugen_Glombig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugen Glombig (page does not exist)">Glombig</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fritz-Joachim_Gn%C3%A4dinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritz-Joachim Gnädinger (page does not exist)">Gnädinger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claus_Grobecker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claus Grobecker (page does not exist)">Grobecker</a> (from 8 January 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Gscheidle" title="Kurt Gscheidle">Gscheidle</a> (until 7 November 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Haack" title="Dieter Haack">Haack</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Haage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Haage (page does not exist)">Haage</a> (until 21 December 1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Haar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Haar (page does not exist)">Haar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Detlef_Haase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detlef Haase (page does not exist)">Haase</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Haehser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Haehser (page does not exist)">Haehser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedhelm_Halfmeier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedhelm Halfmeier (page does not exist)">Halfmeier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl-Heinz_Hansen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl-Heinz Hansen (page does not exist)">Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Hansing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Hansing (page does not exist)">Hansing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hauck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Hauck (page does not exist)">Hauck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volker_Hauff" title="Volker Hauff">Hauff</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udo_Hein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udo Hein (page does not exist)">Hein</a> (until 19 January 1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Henke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erich Henke (page does not exist)">Henke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise_Herklotz" title="Luise Herklotz">Herklotz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Hermsdorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Hermsdorf (page does not exist)">Hermsdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Herold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Herold (page does not exist)">Herold</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roelf_Heyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roelf Heyen (page does not exist)">Heyen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Hirsch_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Hirsch (politician) (page does not exist)">Hirsch</a> (until 8 December 1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Hofmann_(German_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Hofmann (German politician) (page does not exist)">Hofmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egon_H%C3%B6hmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egon Höhmann (page does not exist)">Höhmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_H%C3%B6rmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Hörmann (page does not exist)">Hörmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Horn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erwin Horn (page does not exist)">Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antje_Huber" title="Antje Huber">Huber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Jacobi" title="Werner Jacobi">Jacobi</a> (until 5 March 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Jahn" title="Gerhard Jahn">Jahn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Jaschke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Günter Jaschke (page does not exist)">Jaschke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans-J%C3%BCrgen_Junghans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans-Jürgen Junghans (page does not exist)">Junghans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Junker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Junker (page does not exist)">Junker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Kaffka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Kaffka (page does not exist)">Kaffka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Kahn-Ackermann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Kahn-Ackermann (page does not exist)">Kahn-Ackermann</a> (from 28 December 1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmut Kater (page does not exist)">Kater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl-Hans_Kern" title="Karl-Hans Kern">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Killat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Killat (page does not exist)">Killat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Koch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Koch (page does not exist)">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter-Michael_Koenig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter-Michael Koenig (page does not exist)">Koenig</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Kohlberger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Kohlberger (page does not exist)">Kohlberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Konrad_(politician)" title="Klaus Konrad (politician)">Konrad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Krappe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edith Krappe (page does not exist)">Krappe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinz_Kreutzmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinz Kreutzmann (page does not exist)">Kreutzmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Kriedemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Kriedemann (page does not exist)">Kriedemann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horst_Krockert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horst Krockert (page does not exist)">Krockert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alwin_Kulawig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alwin Kulawig (page does not exist)">Kulawig</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Lange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erwin Lange (page does not exist)">Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Langebeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Langebeck (page does not exist)">Langebeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauritz_Lauritzen" title="Lauritz Lauritzen">Lauritzen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Lautenschlager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Lautenschlager (page does not exist)">Lautenschlager</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Lauterbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Lauterbach (page does not exist)">Lauterbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Leber" title="Georg Leber">Leber</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Lemp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Lemp (page does not exist)">Lemp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Lemper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubert Lemper (page does not exist)">Lemper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Lenders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmut Lenders (page does not exist)">Lenders</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Liedtke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Liedtke (page does not exist)">Liedtke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Liehr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Liehr (page does not exist)">Liehr</a> (until 16 July 1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_L%C3%B6bbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Löbbert (page does not exist)">Löbbert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lothar_L%C3%B6ffler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lothar Löffler (page does not exist)">Löffler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulrich_Lohmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulrich Lohmar (page does not exist)">Lohmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudi_Lotze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudi Lotze (page does not exist)">Lotze</a> (until 17 October 1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Marquardt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Marquardt (page does not exist)">Marquardt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Marx_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Marx (politician) (page does not exist)">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Matthes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Matthes (page does not exist)">Matthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Matth%C3%B6fer" title="Hans Matthöfer">Matthöfer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Mattick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Mattick (page does not exist)">Mattick</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Maybaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Maybaum (page does not exist)">Maybaum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hedwig_Meermann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hedwig Meermann (page does not exist)">Meermann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolf_Meinecke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolf Meinecke (page does not exist)">Meinecke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Meinike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erich Meinike (page does not exist)">Meinike</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnther_Metzger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Günther Metzger (page does not exist)">Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Michels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Michels (page does not exist)">Michels</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmuth_M%C3%B6hring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmuth Möhring (page does not exist)">Möhring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_M%C3%B6ller" title="Alex Möller">Möller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_M%C3%BCller_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Müller (politician) (page does not exist)">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willi_M%C3%BCller_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willi Müller (politician) (page does not exist)">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_M%C3%BCller-Emmert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf Müller-Emmert (page does not exist)">Müller-Emmert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_M%C3%BCthling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Müthling (page does not exist)">Müthling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Neemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Neemann (page does not exist)">Neemann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Neumann_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Neumann (politician) (page does not exist)">Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_N%C3%B6lling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Nölling (page does not exist)">Nölling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Oetting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Oetting (page does not exist)">Oetting</a> (from 19 October 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Offergeld" title="Rainer Offergeld">Offergeld</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisabeth_Orth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elisabeth Orth (page does not exist)">Orth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilderich_Freiherr_Ostman_von_der_Leye" title="Wilderich Freiherr Ostman von der Leye">Ostman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfons_Pawelczyk" title="Alfons Pawelczyk">Pawelczyk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willi_Peiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willi Peiter (page does not exist)">Peiter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinz_Pensky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinz Pensky (page does not exist)">Pensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Peters" title="Georg Peters">Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinz_P%C3%B6hler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinz Pöhler (page does not exist)">Pöhler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Porzner" title="Konrad Porzner">Porzner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joachim_Raffert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joachim Raffert (page does not exist)">Raffert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ravens" title="Karl Ravens">Ravens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Reischl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Reischl (page does not exist)">Reischl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Renger" title="Annemarie Renger">Renger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus_Richter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus Richter (page does not exist)">Richter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Rinderspacher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritz Rinderspacher (page does not exist)">Rinderspacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Rohde" title="Helmut Rohde">Rohde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Rosenthal_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Rosenthal (politician) (page does not exist)">Rosenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Ross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Ross (page does not exist)">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_S%C3%A4ckl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Säckl (page does not exist)">Säckl</a> (from 10 November 1969)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engelbert_Sander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Engelbert Sander (page does not exist)">Sander</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl-Heinz_Saxowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl-Heinz Saxowski (page does not exist)">Saxowski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Georg_Schachtschabel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Georg Schachtschabel (page does not exist)">Schachtschabel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Sch%C3%A4fer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Schäfer (page does not exist)">Schäfer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marta_Schanzenbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marta Schanzenbach (page does not exist)">Schanzenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Schellenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Schellenberg (page does not exist)">Schellenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Scheu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf Scheu (page does not exist)">Scheu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christoph_Schiller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christoph Schiller (page does not exist)">Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schiller" title="Karl Schiller">Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hildegard_Schimschok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hildegard Schimschok (page does not exist)">Schimschok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedel_Schirmer_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedel Schirmer (politician) (page does not exist)">Schirmer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Schlaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Schlaga (page does not exist)">Schlaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Schlei" title="Marie Schlei">Schlei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Schmid_(German_politician)" title="Carlo Schmid (German politician)">Schmid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horst_Schmidt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horst Schmidt (page does not exist)">Schmidt</a> (until 3 November 1969)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Schmidt_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand Schmidt (politician) (page does not exist)">Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt" title="Helmut Schmidt">Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Schmidt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Schmidt (page does not exist)">Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manfred_Schmidt_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manfred Schmidt (politician) (page does not exist)">Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Schmidt_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Schmidt (politician) (page does not exist)">Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Schmidt_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Schmidt (politician) (page does not exist)">Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Schmidt_(politician)" title="Wolfgang Schmidt (politician)">Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Schmitt-Vockenhausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Schmitt-Vockenhausen (page does not exist)">Schmitt-Vockenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Schmude" title="Jürgen Schmude">Schmude</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schoettle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erwin Schoettle (page does not exist)">Schoettle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Schollmeyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Schollmeyer (page does not exist)">Schollmeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Schonhofen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Schonhofen (page does not exist)">Schonhofen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manfred_Schulte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manfred Schulte (page does not exist)">Schulte</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Schwabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Schwabe (page does not exist)">Schwabe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horst_Seefeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horst Seefeld (page does not exist)">Seefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philipp_Seibert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philipp Seibert (page does not exist)">Seibert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Seidel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Seidel (page does not exist)">Seidel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Stefan_Seifriz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Stefan Seifriz (page does not exist)">Seifriz</a> (until 6 January 1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elfriede_Seppi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elfriede Seppi (page does not exist)">Seppi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hellmut_Sieglerschmidt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hellmut Sieglerschmidt (page does not exist)">Sieglerschmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Heinrich_Simon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Heinrich Simon (page does not exist)">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Slotta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Günter Slotta (page does not exist)">Slotta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietrich_Sperling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietrich Sperling (page does not exist)">Sperling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Spillecke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Spillecke (page does not exist)">Spillecke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Staak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Staak (page does not exist)">Staak</a> (from 21 May 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4te_Strobel" title="Käte Strobel">Strobel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alois_Strohmayr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alois Strohmayr (page does not exist)">Strohmayr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Suck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Suck (page does not exist)">Suck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Tallert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Tallert (page does not exist)">Tallert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Tambl%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Tamblé (page does not exist)">Tamblé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helga_Timm" title="Helga Timm">Timm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_T%C3%B6njes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Tönjes (page does not exist)">Tönjes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans-Eberhard_Urbaniak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans-Eberhard Urbaniak (page does not exist)">Urbaniak</a> (from 9 March 1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Vit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Vit (page does not exist)">Vit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl-Heinz_Walkhoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl-Heinz Walkhoff (page does not exist)">Walkhoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Weber_(politician)" title="Hubert Weber (politician)">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Wehner" title="Herbert Wehner">Wehner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Welslau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Welslau (page does not exist)">Welslau</a> (from 26 February 1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manfred_Wende&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manfred Wende (page does not exist)">Wende</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Wendt_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Wendt (politician) (page does not exist)">Wendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Westphal" title="Heinz Westphal">Westphal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Wichert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Günter Wichert (page does not exist)">Wichert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Wiefel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruno Wiefel (page does not exist)">Wiefel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Wienand" title="Karl Wienand">Wienand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Wilhelm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Wilhelm (page does not exist)">Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-J%C3%BCrgen_Wischnewski" title="Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski">Wischnewski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_de_With&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans de With (page does not exist)">With</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Wittmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Wittmann (page does not exist)">Wittmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willi_Wolf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willi Wolf (page does not exist)">Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Wolfram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erich Wolfram (page does not exist)">Wolfram</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lothar_Wrede&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lothar Wrede (page does not exist)">Wrede</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_W%C3%BCrtz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Würtz (page does not exist)">Würtz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_W%C3%BCster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Wüster (page does not exist)">Wüster</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnther_Wuttke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Günther Wuttke (page does not exist)">Wuttke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Wuwer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Wuwer (page does not exist)">Wuwer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Zander (page does not exist)">Zander</a> (from 3 November 1969)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Josef_Zebisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Josef Zebisch (page does not exist)">Zebisch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFF; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #f4d552, inset -1px -1px 0 #f4d552;;width:1%">FDP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:6th_Bundestag_FDP" title="Template:6th Bundestag FDP"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:6th_Bundestag_FDP" title="Template talk:6th Bundestag FDP"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:6th_Bundestag_FDP" title="Special:EditPage/Template:6th Bundestag FDP"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="FDP" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">FDP</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Speaker:</b> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Mischnick" title="Wolfgang Mischnick">Wolfgang Mischnick</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Members:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Achenbach" title="Ernst Achenbach">Achenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Borm" title="William Borm">Borm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dahrendorf</a> (until 25 August 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmy_Diemer-Nicolaus" title="Emmy Diemer-Nicolaus">Diemer-Nicolaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Dorn_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfram Dorn (politician)">Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Ertl" title="Josef Ertl">Ertl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liselotte_Funcke" title="Liselotte Funcke">Funcke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Gallus" title="Georg Gallus">Gallus</a> (from 10 September 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Geldner_(politician)" title="Karl Geldner (politician)">Geldner</a> (from 26 January 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Dietrich_Genscher" title="Hans-Dietrich Genscher">Genscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Graaff" title="Carlo Graaff">Graaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gr%C3%BCner" title="Martin Grüner">Grüner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_Haas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albrecht Haas (page does not exist)">Haas</a> (until 20 January 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Jung" title="Kurt Jung">Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Kienbaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Kienbaum (page does not exist)">Kienbaum</a> (until 2 May 1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Kirst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Kirst (page does not exist)">Kirst</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Detlef_Kleinert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detlef Kleinert (page does not exist)">Kleinert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lothar_Krall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lothar Krall (page does not exist)">Krall</a> (from 16 March 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knut_von_K%C3%BChlmann-Stumm" title="Knut von Kühlmann-Stumm">Kühlmann-Stumm</a> (until 30 May 1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Logemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritz Logemann (page does not exist)">Logemann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Menne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Menne (page does not exist)">Menne</a> (from 31 May 1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Mertes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Mertes (page does not exist)">Mertes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Mischnick" title="Wolfgang Mischnick">Mischnick</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Moersch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Moersch (page does not exist)">Moersch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Ollesch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Ollesch (page does not exist)">Ollesch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Opitz_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Opitz (politician) (page does not exist)">Opitz</a> (from 2 May 1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Peters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Peters (page does not exist)">Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Rutschke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Rutschke (page does not exist)">Rutschke</a> (until 7 January 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Scheel" title="Walter Scheel">Scheel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hansheinrich_Schmidt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hansheinrich Schmidt (page does not exist)">Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz-Rudolf_Schultz" title="Fritz-Rudolf Schultz">Schultz</a> (until 11 March 1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Spitzm%C3%BCller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Spitzmüller (page does not exist)">Spitzmüller</a> (from 12 January 1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Wurbs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Wurbs (page does not exist)">Wurbs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFF; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #f4d552, inset -1px -1px 0 #f4d552;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_6th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 6th Bundestag">List of members of the 6th Bundestag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/18px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/27px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/35px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liberalism" title="Portal:Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/21px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/42px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76959#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76959#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76959#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000080960378">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/17221311">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1728286/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJy8wRPMBwX3FtJHjRjV4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118678612">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79053999">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11898443v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11898443v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00437120">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dahrendorf, Ralf"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV044054">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35150868">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000601266&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1721196">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/36694">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068455607">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90096181">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000021855&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000034544&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199606201">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810703176905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/195512">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007260048505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511775106706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14757149">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00516579?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/843123">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/gTsDa104">UK Parliament</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118678612.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118678612">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026809222">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6j79xcq">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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