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<span>50th anniversary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-50th_anniversary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-100th_anniversary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#100th_anniversary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>100th anniversary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-100th_anniversary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-150th_anniversary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#150th_anniversary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>150th anniversary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-150th_anniversary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-160th_anniversary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#160th_anniversary"> <div 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hd" style="background-color: #ddccff">Anniversary of the Unification of Italy</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:162th_anniversary_of_the_Italian_unification_(07).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/162th_anniversary_of_the_Italian_unification_%2807%29.jpg/240px-162th_anniversary_of_the_Italian_unification_%2807%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/162th_anniversary_of_the_Italian_unification_%2807%29.jpg/360px-162th_anniversary_of_the_Italian_unification_%2807%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/162th_anniversary_of_the_Italian_unification_%2807%29.jpg/480px-162th_anniversary_of_the_Italian_unification_%2807%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2378" data-file-height="1598" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="caption"><a href="/wiki/Italian_order_of_precedence" title="Italian order of precedence">Most important officers of the Italian State</a> paying homage to the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Italy)" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Italy)">Italian Unknown Soldier</a> at <a href="/wiki/Altare_della_Patria" class="mw-redirect" title="Altare della Patria">Altare della Patria</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> on 17 March 2023 on the occasion of the 162nd anniversary of the unification of Italy</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Anniversario dell'Unità d'Italia</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">National</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Significance</th><td class="infobox-data summary"><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">Birth of the Italian state in the form of the Kingdom of Italy</a> in 1861</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Celebrations</th><td class="infobox-data">Various events throughout Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/17_March" class="mw-redirect" title="17 March">17 March</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Next time</th><td class="infobox-data">17 March 2025<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">2025-03</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">annual</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First time</th><td class="infobox-data">17 March 1911</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related to</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tricolour_Day" title="Tricolour Day">Tricolour Day</a> <span class="nowrap">(7 January)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Memorial_Day_of_the_Exiles_and_Foibe" title="National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe">National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe</a> <span class="nowrap">(10 February)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Italy)" title="Liberation Day (Italy)">Anniversary of the Liberation</a> <span class="nowrap">(25 April)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Festa_della_Repubblica" title="Festa della Repubblica">Festa della Repubblica</a> <span class="nowrap">(2 June)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_and_Armed_Forces_Day" title="National Unity and Armed Forces Day">National Unity and Armed Forces Day</a> <span class="nowrap">(4 November)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Anniversary of the Unification of Italy</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Anniversario dell'Unità d'Italia</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/National_day" title="National day">national day</a> that falls annually on <a href="/wiki/17_March" class="mw-redirect" title="17 March">17 March</a> and celebrates the birth of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> as a modern <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">nation state</a>, which took place following the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy</a> on 17 March 1861.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the complete <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">unification of Italy</a> took place only in the following years. In 1866 the <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Mantua" title="Province of Mantua">province of Mantua</a> were annexed after the <a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third Italian War of Independence</a>, then in 1870 <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">capture of Rome</a>, and finally in 1918 <a href="/wiki/Trentino-Alto_Adige" class="mw-redirect" title="Trentino-Alto Adige">Trentino-Alto Adige</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julian_March" title="Julian March">Julian March</a> after the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>. In this regard, the <a href="/wiki/National_Unity_and_Armed_Forces_Day" title="National Unity and Armed Forces Day">National Unity and Armed Forces Day</a> (Victory Day) was also established, which is celebrated annually on <a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">4 November</a>, recalling the Italian victory in the First World War, a war event considered to complete the process of unification of Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The anniversary of the birth of the Italian state was solemnly celebrated in 1911 (50 years), in 1961 (100 years), and in 2011 (150 years).<sup id="cite_ref-rizzolieducation_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rizzolieducation-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the Law of 23 November 2012, n. 222, on the subject of "Regulations on the Acquisition of Knowledge and Skills in the Field of 'Citizenship and <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution</a>' and on the teaching of the <a href="/wiki/Il_Canto_degli_Italiani" title="Il Canto degli Italiani">hymn of Mameli</a> in schools", the establishment every 17 March of the "National Unity, Constitution, Anthem and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Flag Day</a>" was definitively approved on an annual basis. While remaining a working day, 17 March is considered a "day promoting the values linked to national identity".<sup id="cite_ref-normattiva_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-normattiva-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anniversary_of_the_Unification_of_Italy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Victor Emmanuel II of Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duroni,_Alessandro_(1807-1870)_-_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_-_ca._1859.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Duroni%2C_Alessandro_%281807-1870%29_-_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_-_ca._1859.jpg/220px-Duroni%2C_Alessandro_%281807-1870%29_-_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_-_ca._1859.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Duroni%2C_Alessandro_%281807-1870%29_-_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_-_ca._1859.jpg/330px-Duroni%2C_Alessandro_%281807-1870%29_-_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_-_ca._1859.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Duroni%2C_Alessandro_%281807-1870%29_-_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_-_ca._1859.jpg/440px-Duroni%2C_Alessandro_%281807-1870%29_-_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_-_ca._1859.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Victor Emmanuel II of Italy</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">unification of Italy</a> recalls the promulgation of law no. 4671 of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> with which, on 17 March 1861, following the session of 14 March of the same year of the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Kingdom_of_Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Kingdom of Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> in which the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Senate of the Kingdom of Italy">Senate of the Kingdom of Italy</a> bill of 26 February 1861 was approved, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy</a> officially <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">proclaimed the birth of the Kingdom of Italy</a>, assuming the title of <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">king of Italy</a> for himself and his successors:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corteo_Reale_all%27_Apertura_del_Parlamento_del_Regno_d%27_Italia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Corteo_Reale_all%27_Apertura_del_Parlamento_del_Regno_d%27_Italia.jpg/220px-Corteo_Reale_all%27_Apertura_del_Parlamento_del_Regno_d%27_Italia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Corteo_Reale_all%27_Apertura_del_Parlamento_del_Regno_d%27_Italia.jpg/330px-Corteo_Reale_all%27_Apertura_del_Parlamento_del_Regno_d%27_Italia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Corteo_Reale_all%27_Apertura_del_Parlamento_del_Regno_d%27_Italia.jpg/440px-Corteo_Reale_all%27_Apertura_del_Parlamento_del_Regno_d%27_Italia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Bossoli" title="Carlo Bossoli">Carlo Bossoli</a>: the royal procession at the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy">Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Senate and the Chamber of Deputies have approved; we have sanctioned and promulgate the following: Single article: King Victor Emmanuel II assumes the title of King of Italy for himself and his Successors. We order that the present one, provided with the Seal of the State, be included in the collection of the acts of the Government, sending to anyone who is responsible for observing it and having it observed as the law of the State. From Turin on 17 March 1861</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Borrowing from the old <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> title <i><a href="/wiki/Pater_Patriae" title="Pater Patriae">Pater Patriae</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperors</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a> gave to Victor Emmanuel II the epithet of <i><a href="/wiki/Father_of_the_Fatherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Father of the Fatherland">Father of the Fatherland</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Padre della Patria</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his death, many initiatives were destined to raise a permanent monument that celebrated the first king of a united Italy, creator of the process of unification and liberation from foreign domination with <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Giuseppe Mazzini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result was the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_Monument" title="Victor Emmanuel II Monument">Victor Emmanuel II Monument</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, called for <a href="/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche">synecdoche</a> <i>Altare della Patria</i> (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>: <i>Altar of the <a href="/wiki/Fatherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatherland">Fatherland</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="50th_anniversary">50th anniversary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anniversary_of_the_Unification_of_Italy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 50th anniversary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piazza_Venezia_-_Il_Vittoriano_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Piazza_Venezia_-_Il_Vittoriano_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Piazza_Venezia_-_Il_Vittoriano_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Piazza_Venezia_-_Il_Vittoriano_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Piazza_Venezia_-_Il_Vittoriano_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Piazza_Venezia_-_Il_Vittoriano_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Piazza_Venezia_-_Il_Vittoriano_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2987" data-file-height="1967" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_Monument" title="Victor Emmanuel II Monument">Victor Emmanuel II Monument</a> in Rome, a <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Italy" title="National symbols of Italy">national symbol of Italy</a> celebrating the first king of the unified country, and resting place of the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Italy)" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Italy)">Italian Unknown Soldier</a> since the end of World War I. It was inaugurated in 1911, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the unification of Italy</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1911, between March and April, the 50th anniversary of the birth of the Kingdom of Italy was celebrated with a series of exhibitions in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>. In the latter city, the <a href="/wiki/Turin_International" title="Turin International">International Exhibition of Industry and Labor</a> was held.<sup id="cite_ref-museotorino_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museotorino-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the capital, whose mayor at the time was <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Nathan" title="Ernesto Nathan">Ernesto Nathan</a>, the ethnographic exhibition of the regions was organized (inaugurated on 21 April) and the International Review of Contemporary Art, the <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_Monument" title="Victor Emmanuel II Monument">Victor Emmanuel II Monument</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ponte_Vittorio_Emanuele_II" title="Ponte Vittorio Emanuele II">bridge Victory Emmanuel II</a> was inaugurated on the <a href="/wiki/Janiculum" title="Janiculum">Janiculum</a>, the lighthouse of the Italians of Argentina.<sup id="cite_ref-museotorino_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museotorino-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Florence the "Exhibition of the Italian portrait from the end of the 16th century to 1861" and the International Floriculture Exhibition was held from March to July.<sup id="cite_ref-museotorino_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museotorino-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The volume "The Three Capitals: Turin-Florence-Rome" written by <a href="/wiki/Edmondo_De_Amicis" title="Edmondo De Amicis">Edmondo De Amicis</a> in 1898 was published in support of the celebrations for the 50th anniversary.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Accademia_dei_Lincei" title="Accademia dei Lincei">Accademia dei Lincei</a>, under the guidance of Pietro Blaserna, published the work "Cinquant'anni di storia italiana" in three volumes describing the political, economic and civil life history of Italy from 1861 to 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="100th_anniversary">100th anniversary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anniversary_of_the_Unification_of_Italy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 100th anniversary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torino_monorotaia_Italia_61.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Torino_monorotaia_Italia_61.jpg/220px-Torino_monorotaia_Italia_61.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Torino_monorotaia_Italia_61.jpg/330px-Torino_monorotaia_Italia_61.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Torino_monorotaia_Italia_61.jpg/440px-Torino_monorotaia_Italia_61.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1801" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The monorail built in Turin for the centenary celebrations</figcaption></figure> <p>The celebrations of the centenary began in 1959 with the visit to Italy of General <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>, from 23 to 27 June, to celebrate the memory of the Franco-Piedmontese alliance that allowed the victorious Second Italian War of Independence, which constituted the spring from which two years later national unification took place. During this visit, military magazines and demonstrations were organized on the battlefields of Magenta, Solferino and San Martino, and a visit to the <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_Monument" title="Victor Emmanuel II Monument">Victor Emmanuel II Monument</a> in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1961, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">unification of Italy</a>, three exhibitions were organized in Turin: the Historical Exhibition of the Unification of Italy, the Exhibition of Italian Regions and the International Labour Exhibition also known as <a href="/wiki/Expo_61" title="Expo 61">Expo 61</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Roberto Rossellini</a>, author of numerous historical period films, directed two films centred on the Risorgimento: the celebratory <i><a href="/wiki/Garibaldi_(film)" title="Garibaldi (film)">Garibaldi</a></i>, in which he reconstructs the <a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">expedition of the Thousand</a>, and the more intimate <i><a href="/wiki/Vanina_Vanini_(film)" title="Vanina Vanini (film)">Vanina Vanini</a></i>, set in the times of the <a href="/wiki/Carbonari" title="Carbonari">Carbonari</a> uprisings.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="150th_anniversary">150th anniversary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anniversary_of_the_Unification_of_Italy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 150th anniversary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the occasion of the 150th anniversary on 17 March 2011, celebrations were held throughout Italy and a <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Italy" title="Public holidays in Italy">national holiday</a> was proclaimed with schools, offices and suspended work activities. Moreover, in order to avoid burdens on public finance and private companies, the juridical and economic effects of the suppressed holiday of 4 November were shifted to that date, or each employee had to deduct a day of leave required by the annual vacation sum.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The celebrations for the 150th anniversary began on 5 May 2010 in <a href="/wiki/Quarto_dei_Mille" title="Quarto dei Mille">Quarto dei Mille</a>, with the participation of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President of the Italian Republic</a> <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Napolitano" title="Giorgio Napolitano">Giorgio Napolitano</a>. The town was chosen because it was from Quarto dei Mille that the <a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a>, headed by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>, began on 5 May 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 May 2010, President Napolitano attended in <a href="/wiki/Marsala" title="Marsala">Marsala</a> a <a href="/wiki/Historical_reenactment" title="Historical reenactment">historical reenactment</a> of the arrival of the Thousand in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Napolitano went later to <a href="/wiki/Salemi" title="Salemi">Salemi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calatafimi-Segesta" title="Calatafimi-Segesta">Calatafimi</a> to honour, together with Ignazio La Russa, the fallen of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Calatafimi" title="Battle of Calatafimi">battle of Calatafimi</a>, which took place on 15 May 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The celebrations came alive on 17 March 2011, on the occasion of President Napolitano's visit to Turin.<sup id="cite_ref-quotidianopiemontese_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotidianopiemontese-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the three-day visit, the 'Fare gli Italiani' exhibitions (curated by Walter Barberis and Giovanni De Luna) and 'Stazione futuro' (curated by Riccardo Luna) at the OGR Officine Grandi Riparazioni in Turin, and 'La Bella Italia' (curated by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Paolucci" title="Antonio Paolucci">Antonio Paolucci</a>) at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Venaria" title="Palace of Venaria">Palace of Venaria</a> were inaugurated.<sup id="cite_ref-quotidianopiemontese_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotidianopiemontese-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 2,000,000 visitors attended the Turin celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-rizzolieducation_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rizzolieducation-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the law no. 222 of 23 November 2012 concerning the "Rules on the acquisition of knowledge and skills in the field of Citizenship and Constitution, and on the teaching of the <a href="/wiki/Il_Canto_degli_Italiani" title="Il Canto degli Italiani">national anthem</a> in schools", the institution of the National Unity Day, the Constitution, the anthem, and the flag were approved:<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Republic recognizes the 17th of March, the date of the proclamation of the unification of Italy in Turin in the year 1861, as "National Unity Day, of the Constitution, of the anthem and of the flag", in order to remember and to promote, in the context of a widespread didactics, the values of citizenship, the foundation of a positive civil coexistence, as well as to reaffirm and consolidate the national identity through remembrance and civic memory</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Italian Parliament, art. 1, paragraph 3, law 23 November 2012, no. 222</cite></div></blockquote> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scoglio_dei_Mille.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rock in Quarto dei Mille from which the Expedition of the Thousand departed on the night of 5 May 1860. On top of the monument shines the Stella d'Italia ("Star of Italy")"><img alt="Rock in Quarto dei Mille from which the Expedition of the Thousand departed on the night of 5 May 1860. On top of the monument shines the Stella d'Italia ("Star of Italy")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Scoglio_dei_Mille.jpg/151px-Scoglio_dei_Mille.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Scoglio_dei_Mille.jpg/227px-Scoglio_dei_Mille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Scoglio_dei_Mille.jpg/303px-Scoglio_dei_Mille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2238" data-file-height="2958" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rock in <a href="/wiki/Quarto_dei_Mille" title="Quarto dei Mille">Quarto dei Mille</a> from which the <a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a> departed on the night of 5 May 1860. On top of the monument shines the <i><a href="/wiki/Stella_d%27Italia" title="Stella d'Italia">Stella d'Italia</a></i> ("Star of Italy")</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:150%C2%B0_La_Rocca_illuminata_San_Felice_sul_Panaro_MO.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="150th anniversary of the unification of Italy: Rocca Estense of San Felice sul Panaro illuminated by the Italian tricolour and by the images of Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini"><img alt="150th anniversary of the unification of Italy: Rocca Estense of San Felice sul Panaro illuminated by the Italian tricolour and by the images of Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/150%C2%B0_La_Rocca_illuminata_San_Felice_sul_Panaro_MO.JPG/250px-150%C2%B0_La_Rocca_illuminata_San_Felice_sul_Panaro_MO.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/150%C2%B0_La_Rocca_illuminata_San_Felice_sul_Panaro_MO.JPG/330px-150%C2%B0_La_Rocca_illuminata_San_Felice_sul_Panaro_MO.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/150%C2%B0_La_Rocca_illuminata_San_Felice_sul_Panaro_MO.JPG/500px-150%C2%B0_La_Rocca_illuminata_San_Felice_sul_Panaro_MO.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">150th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">unification of Italy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rocca_Estense,_San_Felice_sul_Panaro" title="Rocca Estense, San Felice sul Panaro">Rocca Estense of San Felice sul Panaro</a> illuminated by the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Italian tricolour</a> and by the images of <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Victor Emmanuel II of Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Giuseppe Mazzini</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Firenze,_serata_tricolore,_piazza_della_repubblica_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Piazza della Repubblica, Florence, illuminated by the Italian tricolour on 17 March 2011"><img alt="Piazza della Repubblica, Florence, illuminated by the Italian tricolour on 17 March 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Firenze%2C_serata_tricolore%2C_piazza_della_repubblica_01.JPG/200px-Firenze%2C_serata_tricolore%2C_piazza_della_repubblica_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Firenze%2C_serata_tricolore%2C_piazza_della_repubblica_01.JPG/300px-Firenze%2C_serata_tricolore%2C_piazza_della_repubblica_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Firenze%2C_serata_tricolore%2C_piazza_della_repubblica_01.JPG/400px-Firenze%2C_serata_tricolore%2C_piazza_della_repubblica_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Piazza_della_Repubblica,_Florence" title="Piazza della Repubblica, Florence">Piazza della Repubblica, Florence</a>, illuminated by the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Italian tricolour</a> on 17 March 2011</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="160th_anniversary">160th anniversary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anniversary_of_the_Unification_of_Italy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 160th anniversary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The celebration of the 160th anniversary on 17 March 2021 took place during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">COVID-19 pandemic in Italy</a>, which had resulted in the deaths of more of 100,000 Italians.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Italy, hit hard by the health emergency, has once again shown a spirit of democracy, unity and cohesion. In the distancing imposed by the measures to contain the pandemic we found ourselves closer and aware that we belong to a community capable of rising from adversity and renewing ourselves.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Italian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Italian Republic">President of the Italian Republic</a> <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a>, 17 March 2021</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The Italian government has designated 18 March been the Day in Memory of the Victims of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_Unity_Day">National Unity Day</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anniversary_of_the_Unification_of_Italy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: National Unity Day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the Law of 23 November 2012, n. 222, on the subject of "Regulations on the Acquisition of Knowledge and Skills in the Field of 'Citizenship and <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution</a>' and on the teaching of the <a href="/wiki/Il_Canto_degli_Italiani" title="Il Canto degli Italiani">hymn of Mameli</a> in schools", the establishment every 17 March of the "National Unity, Constitution, Anthem and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Flag Day</a>" was definitively approved on an annual basis. While remaining a working day, 17 March is considered a "day promoting the values linked to national identity".<sup id="cite_ref-normattiva_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-normattiva-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Republic recognizes 17 March, the date of the proclamation in Turin, in the year 1861, of the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification of Italy</a>, as "Day of National Unity, of the Constitution, of the anthem and of the flag", in order to remember and promote, in the context of widespread teaching, the values of citizenship, the foundation of a positive civil coexistence, as well as to reaffirm and consolidate national identity through remembrance and civic memory.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Italian Parliament</a>, art. 1, paragraph 3, law 23 November 2012, n. 222</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anniversary_of_the_Unification_of_Italy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calendar_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/22px-Calendar_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/33px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/44px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="654" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Holidays" title="Portal:Holidays">Holidays portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anniversary_of_the_Unification_of_Italy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGuerriero2018" class="citation book cs1">Guerriero, Elio (17 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wJ1_DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Anniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy,+March+17,+2011%22&pg=PA547"><i>Benedict XVI: His Life and Thought</i></a>. Ignatius Press. p. 547. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64229-049-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64229-049-3"><bdi>978-1-64229-049-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Benedict+XVI%3A+His+Life+and+Thought&rft.pages=547&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft.isbn=978-1-64229-049-3&rft.aulast=Guerriero&rft.aufirst=Elio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwJ1_DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522Anniversary%2Bof%2Bthe%2BUnification%2Bof%2BItaly%2C%2BMarch%2B17%2C%2B2011%2522%26pg%3DPA547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.piacenzaprimogenita150.it/index.php?it/176/il-1861-e-le-quattro-guerre-per-lindipendenza-1848-1918">"Il 1861 e le quattro Guerre per l'Indipendenza (1848–1918)"</a> (in Italian). 6 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414030636/http://www.piacenzaprimogenita150.it/index.php?it/176/il-1861-e-le-quattro-guerre-per-lindipendenza-1848-1918">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+1861+e+le+quattro+Guerre+per+l%27Indipendenza+%281848%E2%80%931918%29&rft.date=2015-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.piacenzaprimogenita150.it%2Findex.php%3Fit%2F176%2Fil-1861-e-le-quattro-guerre-per-lindipendenza-1848-1918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rizzolieducation-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rizzolieducation_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rizzolieducation_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rizzolieducation.it/content/uploads/2021/03/17-marzo.pdf">"Festeggiare l'Unità"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220412224006/https://www.rizzolieducation.it/content/uploads/2021/03/17-marzo.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Festeggiare+l%27Unit%C3%A0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rizzolieducation.it%2Fcontent%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F03%2F17-marzo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-normattiva-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-normattiva_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-normattiva_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:2012-11-23;222!vig=">Norme sull'acquisizione di conoscenze e competenze in materia di 'Cittadinanza e Costituzione' e sull'insegnamento dell'inno di Mameli nelle scuole</a> (Law 222). Italian Parliament. 23 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Norme+sull%27acquisizione+di+conoscenze+e+competenze+in+materia+di+%27Cittadinanza+e+Costituzione%27+e+sull%27insegnamento+dell%27inno+di+Mameli+nelle+scuole&rft.pub=Italian+Parliament&rft.date=2012-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.normattiva.it%2Furi-res%2FN2Ls%3Furn%3Anir%3Astato%3Alegge%3A2012-11-23%3B222%21vig%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209201416/https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:2012-11-23;222!vig=">Archived</a> 2022-02-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.150anni-lanostrastoria.it/index.php/proclamazione-unita">"Torino, 17 marzo 1861: la proclamazione del Regno d'Italia"</a>. <i>150anni-lanostrastoria.it</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222133357/http://www.150anni-lanostrastoria.it/index.php/proclamazione-unita">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=150anni-lanostrastoria.it&rft.atitle=Torino%2C+17+marzo+1861%3A+la+proclamazione+del+Regno+d%27Italia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.150anni-lanostrastoria.it%2Findex.php%2Fproclamazione-unita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.raicultura.it/storia/articoli/2019/04/Vittorio-Emanuele-II-bb3018d0-6851-47f8-bedd-9211db07e064.html">"Vittorio Emanuele II"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416222919/https://www.raicultura.it/storia/articoli/2019/04/Vittorio-Emanuele-II-bb3018d0-6851-47f8-bedd-9211db07e064.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vittorio+Emanuele+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.raicultura.it%2Fstoria%2Farticoli%2F2019%2F04%2FVittorio-Emanuele-II-bb3018d0-6851-47f8-bedd-9211db07e064.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lastampa.it/cultura/2016/12/12/news/fratelli-d-italia-divisi-su-tutto-1.34750698">"Fratelli d'Italia, divisi su tutto"</a> (in Italian). 12 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191218081107/https://www.lastampa.it/cultura/2016/12/12/news/fratelli-d-italia-divisi-su-tutto-1.34750698">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fratelli+d%27Italia%2C+divisi+su+tutto&rft.date=2016-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lastampa.it%2Fcultura%2F2016%2F12%2F12%2Fnews%2Ffratelli-d-italia-divisi-su-tutto-1.34750698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archeoroma.it/siti/vittoriano/">"Vittoriano"</a> (in Italian). 2 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420193054/https://www.archeoroma.it/siti/vittoriano/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vittoriano&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archeoroma.it%2Fsiti%2Fvittoriano%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-museotorino-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-museotorino_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museotorino_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museotorino_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.museotorino.it/view/s/60d7821856bd4c40b6418870f9f07a0d">"Esposizione internazionale 1911"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210306140330/https://www.museotorino.it/view/s/60d7821856bd4c40b6418870f9f07a0d">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Esposizione+internazionale+1911&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.museotorino.it%2Fview%2Fs%2F60d7821856bd4c40b6418870f9f07a0d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110211175001/http://www.italiaunita150.it/celebrazioni-passate/il-cinquantenario-del-1911.aspx">"Il Cinquantenario del 1911"</a> (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.italiaunita150.it/celebrazioni-passate/il-cinquantenario-del-1911.aspx">the original</a> on 11 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+Cinquantenario+del+1911&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.italiaunita150.it%2Fcelebrazioni-passate%2Fil-cinquantenario-del-1911.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See p. 54 in Raffaello Morghen <i>L'Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei nel CCCLXVIII anno dalla sua fondazione, nella vita e nella cultura dell'Italia unita</i>, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Roma, 1972 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lincei.it/files/doc/Morghen.pdf">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121031110113/http://www.lincei.it/files/doc/Morghen.pdf">Archived</a> 2012-10-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMourlane2008" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mourlane, Stéphane (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdlm.revues.org/4368">"<i>Le voyage officiel en Italie du général de Gaulle (23–27 juin 1959)</i>"</a>. <i>Cahiers de la Méditerranée</i> (in French) (77): <span class="nowrap">95–</span>110. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fcdlm.4368">10.4000/cdlm.4368</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161797481">161797481</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925232458/http://cdlm.revues.org/4368">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cahiers+de+la+M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e&rft.atitle=Le+voyage+officiel+en+Italie+du+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+de+Gaulle+%2823%E2%80%9327+juin+1959%29&rft.issue=77&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E110&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fcdlm.4368&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161797481%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mourlane&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdlm.revues.org%2F4368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.italia61.it/">"Per conoscere in dettaglio la manifestazione si può visitare il sito"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191218183853/http://www.italia61.it/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Per+conoscere+in+dettaglio+la+manifestazione+si+pu%C3%B2+visitare+il+sito&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.italia61.it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.storia900bivc.it/pagine/editoria/corsofilm210.html">"Corso di aggiornamento "Il Risorgimento al cinema"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Corso+di+aggiornamento+%22Il+Risorgimento+al+cinema%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.storia900bivc.it%2Fpagine%2Feditoria%2Fcorsofilm210.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.altalex.com/documents/leggi/2011/04/22/unita-d-italia-il-17-marzo-2011-e-festa-nazionale">"Unità d'Italia: il 17 marzo 2011 è festa nazionale"</a> (in Italian). 17 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unit%C3%A0+d%27Italia%3A+il+17+marzo+2011+%C3%A8+festa+nazionale&rft.date=2011-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.altalex.com%2Fdocuments%2Fleggi%2F2011%2F04%2F22%2Funita-d-italia-il-17-marzo-2011-e-festa-nazionale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Napolitano/qrnw/statico/eventi/150italia-unita/150anni.htm">"150° anniversario dell'Unità d'Italia"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=150%C2%B0+anniversario+dell%27Unit%C3%A0+d%27Italia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpresidenti.quirinale.it%2FNapolitano%2Fqrnw%2Fstatico%2Feventi%2F150italia-unita%2F150anni.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://presidenti.quirinale.it/elementi/Continua.aspx?tipo=Discorso&Key=1853">"Intervento del Presidente Napolitano in occasione delle celebrazioni del 150° anniversario dello Sbarco dei Mille"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160522094534/http://presidenti.quirinale.it/elementi/Continua.aspx?tipo=Discorso&Key=1853">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intervento+del+Presidente+Napolitano+in+occasione+delle+celebrazioni+del+150%C2%B0+anniversario+dello+Sbarco+dei+Mille&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpresidenti.quirinale.it%2Felementi%2FContinua.aspx%3Ftipo%3DDiscorso%26Key%3D1853&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101009171238/http://www.italiaunita150.it/anniversario/verso-il-2011.aspx">"Verso il 2011"</a> (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.italiaunita150.it/anniversario/verso-il-2011.aspx">the original</a> on 9 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=160%C2%B0+anniversario+dell%27Unit%C3%A0+d%27Italia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interno.gov.it%2Fit%2Fnotizie%2F160deg-anniversario-dellunita-ditalia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senato.it/japp/bgt/showdoc/16/DDLMESS/0/683269/index.html?part=ddlmess_ddlmess1-articolato_articolato1">"Norme sull'acquisizione di conoscenze e competenze in materia di «Cittadinanza e Costituzione» e sull'insegnamento dell'inno di Mameli nelle scuole"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Norme+sull%27acquisizione+di+conoscenze+e+competenze+in+materia+di+%C2%ABCittadinanza+e+Costituzione%C2%BB+e+sull%27insegnamento+dell%27inno+di+Mameli+nelle+scuole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senato.it%2Fjapp%2Fbgt%2Fshowdoc%2F16%2FDDLMESS%2F0%2F683269%2Findex.html%3Fpart%3Dddlmess_ddlmess1-articolato_articolato1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interno.gov.it/it/notizie/160deg-anniversario-dellunita-ditalia-prefetture-celebrano-ricorrenza-nei-territori">"160° anniversario dell'Unità d'Italia. Le prefetture celebrano la ricorrenza nei territori"</a>. <i>interno.gov.it</i>. Ministero dell'Interno. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602225201/https://www.interno.gov.it/it/notizie/160deg-anniversario-dellunita-ditalia-prefetture-celebrano-ricorrenza-nei-territori">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mattarella%3A+nella+pandemia+Italia+unita+e+capace+di+risollevarsi&rft.date=2021-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ansa.it%2Fsito%2Fnotizie%2Fpolitica%2F2021%2F03%2F17%2Fmattarella-nella-pandemia-italia-unita-e-capace-di-risollevarsi_307dcdea-710c-4c9e-b45f-48744c642718.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ansa.it/canale_saluteebenessere/notizie/sanita/2021/03/17/covid-casi-di-oggi-attendere_edb01012-59e7-4366-bc25-4235cbd9d3df.html">"Covid: contagi in aumento 23.059 in 24 ore e 431 vittime"</a>. ansa.it. ansa.it. 17 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210318025511/https://www.ansa.it/canale_saluteebenessere/notizie/sanita/2021/03/17/covid-casi-di-oggi-attendere_edb01012-59e7-4366-bc25-4235cbd9d3df.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=18+marzo%2C+l%27Italia+celebra+la+Giornata+nazionale+in+memoria+delle+vittime+di+Covid&rft.date=2021-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tgcom24.mediaset.it%2Fcronaca%2F18-marzo-litalia-celebra-la-primagiornata-nazionale-in-memoria-delle-vittime-di-covid_29926765-202102k.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnniversary+of+the+Unification+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anniversary_of_the_Unification_of_Italy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Italy" title="Public holidays in Italy">National days in Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tricolour_Day" title="Tricolour Day">Tricolour Day</a> (7 January)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Memorial_Day_of_the_Exiles_and_Foibe" title="National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe">National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe</a> (10 February)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anniversary of the Unification of Italy</a> (17 March)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Italy)" title="Liberation Day (Italy)">Liberation Day</a> (25 April)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festa_della_Repubblica" title="Festa della Repubblica">Republic Day</a> (2 June)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_and_Armed_Forces_Day" title="National Unity and Armed Forces Day">National Unity and Armed Forces Day</a> (4 November)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/50px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/75px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/100px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unification_of_Italy_(Risorgimento)241" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Risorgimento" title="Template:Risorgimento"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Risorgimento" title="Template talk:Risorgimento"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Risorgimento" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Risorgimento"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unification_of_Italy_(Risorgimento)241" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification of Italy (<i>Risorgimento</i>)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">Pre-unitary states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Parma">Duchy of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio" title="Duchy of Modena and Reggio">Duchy of Modena and Reggio</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Episodio_delle_cinque_giornate_(Baldassare_Verazzi).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Five Days of Milan"><img alt="Five Days of Milan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Episodio_delle_cinque_giornate_%28Baldassare_Verazzi%29.jpg/150px-Episodio_delle_cinque_giornate_%28Baldassare_Verazzi%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Episodio_delle_cinque_giornate_%28Baldassare_Verazzi%29.jpg/225px-Episodio_delle_cinque_giornate_%28Baldassare_Verazzi%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Episodio_delle_cinque_giornate_%28Baldassare_Verazzi%29.jpg/300px-Episodio_delle_cinque_giornate_%28Baldassare_Verazzi%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="2583" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Italian unification">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rimini_Proclamation" title="Rimini Proclamation">Rimini Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonari" title="Carbonari">Carbonari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_during_the_1820s" title="Revolutions during the 1820s">Revolutions during the 1820s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1830" title="Revolutions of 1830">Revolutions of 1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Italy_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Italy (historical)">Young Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Guelphism" title="Neo-Guelphism">Neo-Guelphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Italian_states" title="Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states">Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_San_Marco" title="Republic of San Marco">Republic of San Marco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Republic (19th century)">Roman Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrilatero" title="Quadrilatero">Quadrilatero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="First Italian War of Independence">First Italian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Days_of_Milan" title="Five Days of Milan">Five Days of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mestre" title="Battle of Mestre">Sortie on Mestre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_revolution_of_1848" title="Sicilian revolution of 1848">Sicilian revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Days_of_Brescia" title="Ten Days of Brescia">Ten Days of Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfiore_martyrs" title="Belfiore martyrs">Belfiore martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War#Piedmontese_involvement" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plombi%C3%A8res_Agreement" title="Plombières Agreement">Plombières Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second Italian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Central_Italy" title="United Provinces of Central Italy">United Provinces of Central Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_of_Garibaldi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictatorship of Garibaldi">Dictatorship of Garibaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigandage_in_Southern_Italy_after_1861" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861">Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Question">Roman Question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third Italian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">Capture of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Guarantees" title="Law of Guarantees">Law of Guarantees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Italian entry into World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Regency_of_Carnaro" title="Italian Regency of Carnaro">Impresa di Fiume</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cockade_of_Italy" title="Cockade of Italy">Cockade of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Flag of Italy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_d%27Azeglio" title="Massimo d'Azeglio">Massimo d'Azeglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Bertani" title="Agostino Bertani">Agostino Bertani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celso_Ceretti" title="Celso Ceretti">Celso Ceretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Confalonieri" title="Federico Confalonieri">Federico Confalonieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Francesco Crispi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniele_Manin" title="Daniele Manin">Daniele Manin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Giuseppe Mazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Bettino Ricasoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelio_Saffi" title="Aurelio Saffi">Aurelio Saffi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annibale_Santorre_di_Rossi_de_Pomarolo,_Count_of_Santarosa" title="Annibale Santorre di Rossi de Pomarolo, Count of Santarosa">Annibale Santore di Santarosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruggero_Settimo" title="Ruggero Settimo">Ruggero Settimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II" title="Victor Emmanuel II">Victor Emmanuel II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature and philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Arrivabene" title="Giovanni Arrivabene">Giovanni Arrivabene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Balbo" title="Cesare Balbo">Cesare Balbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Cattaneo" title="Carlo Cattaneo">Carlo Cattaneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Cavallotti" title="Felice Cavallotti">Felice Cavallotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Cuoco" title="Vincenzo Cuoco">Vincenzo Cuoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Ferrari_(philosopher)" title="Giuseppe Ferrari (philosopher)">Giuseppe Ferrari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Ugo Foscolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Gioberti" title="Vincenzo Gioberti">Vincenzo Gioberti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Domenico_Guerrazzi" title="Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi">Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi" title="Giacomo Leopardi">Giacomo Leopardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Lomonaco" title="Francesco Lomonaco">Francesco Lomonaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goffredo_Mameli" title="Goffredo Mameli">Goffredo Mameli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Alessandro Manzoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ippolito_Nievo" title="Ippolito Nievo">Ippolito Nievo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Pellico" title="Silvio Pellico">Silvio Pellico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Pisacane" title="Carlo Pisacane">Carlo Pisacane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Domenico_Romagnosi" title="Gian Domenico Romagnosi">Gian Domenico Romagnosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rosmini" title="Antonio Rosmini">Antonio Rosmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Saverio_Salfi" title="Francesco Saverio Salfi">Francesco Saverio Salfi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opponents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Francis II of the Two Sicilies">Francis II of the Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich">Klemens von Metternich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Radetzky_von_Radetz" title="Joseph Radetzky von Radetz">Joseph Radetzky von Radetz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Risorgimento,_Bologna" title="Museum of the Risorgimento, Bologna">Museum of the Risorgimento (Bologna)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Risorgimento_(Milan)" title="Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)">Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Risorgimento_(Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome)">Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Risorgimento_(Turin)" title="Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)">Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricolour_Flag_Museum" title="Tricolour Flag Museum">Tricolour Flag Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anniversary of the Unification of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_and_Armed_Forces_Day" title="National Unity and Armed Forces Day">National Unity and Armed Forces Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altare_della_Patria" class="mw-redirect" title="Altare della Patria">Altare della Patria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism" title="Italian irredentism">Italian irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationalism" title="Italian nationalism">Italian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redshirts_(Italy)" title="Redshirts (Italy)">Redshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionism_of_Risorgimento" title="Revisionism of Risorgimento">Revisionism of Risorgimento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_question" title="Southern question">Southern question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Rome">Third Rome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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