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interest you. Read our <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/privacy-policy-a6184181.html">Privacy</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/cookie-policy-a6184186.html">Cookie</a> Policies to find out more.</p> </div> <div class="tabs"></div> <div class="region region-content"> <div class="term-listing-heading"><header class="section-title"> <ul class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/author-list" class="parent">Authors</a></li> </ul> <dl> <dt>Name</dt> <dd class="name"><h1 class="box-title">Robert Fisk</h1></dd> <dt>Photo</dt> <dd class="avatar"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/author_thumb/public/thumbnails/image/2016/07/20/13/robert-fisk-skyline.jpg" title="Robert Fisk"></dd> <dt>Bio</dt> <dd class="bio"> Robert Fisk is the multi-award winning Middle East correspondent of The Independent, based in Beirut. He has lived in the Arab world for more than 40 years, covering Lebanon, five Israeli invasions, the Iran-Iraq war, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the Algerian civil war, Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait, the Bosnian and Kosovo wars, the American invasion and occupation of Iraq and the 2011 Arab revolutions. Occasionally describing himself as an ‘Ottoman correspondent’ because of the huge area he covers, Fisk joined The Independent in 1989. He has written best-selling books on the Middle East, including Pity the Nation and The Great War for Civilisation. He was born in Kent in 1946 and gained his BA in English and Classics at Lancaster University. He holds a PhD in politics from Trinity College, Dublin. </dd>   </header> <div class="content"> <div class="row" data-tb-region="row-1"><article data-weight="2" class="weight-2"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/syrian-war-israel-al-nusra-golan-heights-allies-a7398246.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc" style="background-image: url('https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size2/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/04/16/syria.jpg');"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/syrian-war-israel-al-nusra-golan-heights-allies-a7398246.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/syrian-war-israel-al-nusra-golan-heights-allies-a7398246.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>A view of the Syrian war from the Golan Heights</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>One Syrian lieutenant described to me how he directed his artillery fire onto an Israeli jeep in the Jabhat al-Nusra occupied town of Al-Hamidiya inside Syria and destroyed it. The jeep might have been a gift or borrowed from Israel </p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story " data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc" style="background-image: url('https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2014/11/07/18/poppies-2.jpg');"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/poppy-symbol-of-racism-never-worn-one-never-will-robert-fisk-remembrance-day-first-world-war-second-a7394976.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/poppy-symbol-of-racism-never-worn-one-never-will-robert-fisk-remembrance-day-first-world-war-second-a7394976.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>I shall never wear a poppy – it is a symbol of racism</a></h1> </div> </div> <div class="grid-mod-card-list"> <ul> <li class="story" data-tb-region-item="2-2"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-civil-war-latest-conflict-isis-hama-jabhat-al-nusra-assad-a7394391.html"> <span class="image" style="background-image: url('https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/storylist/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/02/19/syria-hama-2.jpg');"></span> <h2>The tales of bodies and blood that surround a front line in Syria</h2> </a> </li> <li class="story" data-tb-region-item="2-3"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/aleppo-syria-civil-war-bombing-latest-russia-bashar-al-assad-jabhat-al-nusra-isis-a7392011.html"> <span class="image" style="background-image: url('https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/storylist/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/01/19/aleppo-civilians.jpg');"></span> <h2>Aleppo’s agony far from over as Syrian general seeks further battles</h2> </a> </li> <li class="story" data-tb-region-item="2-4"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/thousands-of-civilian-families-forced-by-militias-to-remain-in-eastern-aleppo-a7389346.html"> <span class="image" style="background-image: url('https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/storylist/public/thumbnails/image/2016/10/31/16/fiskerz.jpg');"></span> <h2>Thousands of civilian families ‘forced to remain in eastern Aleppo’</h2> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1" data-locked="true"> <div id="mpu0" class="grid-mod-single-mpu"> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-2"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1" data-locked="true"> <div id="mpu1" class="grid-mod-single-mpu"> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/the-bombardment-of-aleppo-marks-a-new-front-in-this-endless-conflict-a7387496.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/10/30/14/aleppo-16.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/the-bombardment-of-aleppo-marks-a-new-front-in-this-endless-conflict-a7387496.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/the-bombardment-of-aleppo-marks-a-new-front-in-this-endless-conflict-a7387496.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>What it's really like to be in the middle of the battle for Aleppo</a></h1> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/eastern-aleppo-isis-al-nusra-airstrikes-ambulance-english-syria-a7386391.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/10/29/14/ambulance.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/eastern-aleppo-isis-al-nusra-airstrikes-ambulance-english-syria-a7386391.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/eastern-aleppo-isis-al-nusra-airstrikes-ambulance-english-syria-a7386391.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>The strange case of the Scottish ambulance found in Aleppo</a></h1> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-civil-war-aleppo-conflict-latest-innocent-children-killed-isis-assad-russia-nusra-a7385791.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/10/28/23/aleppo-getty-1.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-civil-war-aleppo-conflict-latest-innocent-children-killed-isis-assad-russia-nusra-a7385791.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-civil-war-aleppo-conflict-latest-innocent-children-killed-isis-assad-russia-nusra-a7385791.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>In the carnage of Aleppo children die on both sides of the city</a></h1> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-3"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-conflict-isis-aleppo-jabhat-al-nusra-damascus-deraa-mouadamiya-a7382121.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-cc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/10/26/17/mouaddamya-front.jpg"> <span class="icon-play large"></span> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-conflict-isis-aleppo-jabhat-al-nusra-damascus-deraa-mouadamiya-a7382121.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-conflict-isis-aleppo-jabhat-al-nusra-damascus-deraa-mouadamiya-a7382121.html">The devastated Syrian town where fighting may have finally ended</a></h1> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-s-bombing-of-yemeni-farmland-is-a-disgraceful-breach-of-the-geneva-conventions-a7376576.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-cc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/10/23/17/an108846335file-this-oct.-1.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-s-bombing-of-yemeni-farmland-is-a-disgraceful-breach-of-the-geneva-conventions-a7376576.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-s-bombing-of-yemeni-farmland-is-a-disgraceful-breach-of-the-geneva-conventions-a7376576.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Saudi ‘targeting impoverished Yemen’s farms and agiculture'</a></h1> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/lebanon-civil-war-avoided-peaceful-nation-middle-east-syria-turkey-israel-conflict-robert-fisk-a7371326.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/indy100/Z1Lop_em0e/8773-l0aadq.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/lebanon-civil-war-avoided-peaceful-nation-middle-east-syria-turkey-israel-conflict-robert-fisk-a7371326.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/lebanon-civil-war-avoided-peaceful-nation-middle-east-syria-turkey-israel-conflict-robert-fisk-a7371326.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Why Lebanon is peaceful while the rest of the Middle East burns</a></h1> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1" data-locked="true"> <div id="mpu2" class="grid-mod-single-mpu"> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-4"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/saudi-arabia-human-rights-imprisonment-every-decent-man-who-speaks-out-in-jail-robert-fisk-a7369276.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-cc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/10/07/10/saudi-arabia-united-nations.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/saudi-arabia-human-rights-imprisonment-every-decent-man-who-speaks-out-in-jail-robert-fisk-a7369276.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/saudi-arabia-human-rights-imprisonment-every-decent-man-who-speaks-out-in-jail-robert-fisk-a7369276.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Saudi Arabia cannot throw every decent person who speaks out into jail</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>If the King really wants his country to be a ‘pioneering global model of excellence on all fronts’ then what is he doing shutting Saudis who want basic freedoms and rights in the clink?</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/gaza-flotilla-mavi-marmara-aid-israel-palestinians-aid-2010-10-a7368431.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/10/18/18/mavi-marmara.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/gaza-flotilla-mavi-marmara-aid-israel-palestinians-aid-2010-10-a7368431.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/gaza-flotilla-mavi-marmara-aid-israel-palestinians-aid-2010-10-a7368431.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Victims of raid on Gaza flotilla fear legal case will be dropped</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>There is concern from plaintiffs that ‘politics is trampling on justice’ following an agreement to restore diplomatic relations between Israel and Turkey, writes Robert Fisk </p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/mosul-offensive-isis-flee-iraq-syria-raqqa-bashar-al-assad-what-then-robert-fisk-a7365776.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/10/17/08/iraqi-forces-mosul-1.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/mosul-offensive-isis-flee-iraq-syria-raqqa-bashar-al-assad-what-then-robert-fisk-a7365776.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/mosul-offensive-isis-flee-iraq-syria-raqqa-bashar-al-assad-what-then-robert-fisk-a7365776.html">When Mosul falls, Isis will flee to Syria. But what then?</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>The entire Isis caliphate army could be directed against the Assad government and its allies – a scenario which might cause some satisfaction in Washington</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-gaziantep-armenian-genocide-a7362771.html" data-tb-region-item="4-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-cc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/10/15/02/mosque-1.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-gaziantep-armenian-genocide-a7362771.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-gaziantep-armenian-genocide-a7362771.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>A beautiful mosque and the dark period of the Armenian genocide</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>The city of Gaziantep and the 'Liberation' mosque is a milestone on the journey between one great crime of the 20th century, and another seen during the Second World War</p> </div> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-5"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-kurdistan-25-years-since-robert-fisk-arrested-things-have-only-got-worse-a7358996.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/02/13/22/31-kurdish-flag-afp.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-kurdistan-25-years-since-robert-fisk-arrested-things-have-only-got-worse-a7358996.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-kurdistan-25-years-since-robert-fisk-arrested-things-have-only-got-worse-a7358996.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>It's 25 years since I was arrested, but things are worse for Kurdistan</a></h1> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-erdogan-kurds-pkk-this-is-what-it-feels-like-to-be-an-ordinary-kurd-caught-in-tragedy-robert-a7357031.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/03/19/21/29-turkey-residents-afp.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-erdogan-kurds-pkk-this-is-what-it-feels-like-to-be-an-ordinary-kurd-caught-in-tragedy-robert-a7357031.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-erdogan-kurds-pkk-this-is-what-it-feels-like-to-be-an-ordinary-kurd-caught-in-tragedy-robert-a7357031.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>This is what it feels like to be an ordinary Kurd in Erdogan's Turkey</a></h1> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-president-erdogan-battle-with-kurdish-pkk-failed-coup-attempt-robert-fisk-syrian-border-a7355546.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/03/14/20/20-kurdish-fighter-get.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-president-erdogan-battle-with-kurdish-pkk-failed-coup-attempt-robert-fisk-syrian-border-a7355546.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-president-erdogan-battle-with-kurdish-pkk-failed-coup-attempt-robert-fisk-syrian-border-a7355546.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Why did President Erdogan restart the battle with the Kurdish PKK?</a></h1> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1" data-locked="true"> <div id="mpu3" class="grid-mod-single-mpu"> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-6"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/destruction-in-kurdish-capital-of-south-east-turkey-is-dark-mirror-to-syria-a7354161.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/10/10/15/minaret-1.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/destruction-in-kurdish-capital-of-south-east-turkey-is-dark-mirror-to-syria-a7354161.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/destruction-in-kurdish-capital-of-south-east-turkey-is-dark-mirror-to-syria-a7354161.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Destruction in Kurdish capital in Turkey is mirror to Syria</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Hundreds of houses are peppered with bullet holes in Diyarbakir, where the Kurdish PKK, or Workers' Party, are fighting the Turkish government</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/syria-war-turkey-syrian-turkish-border-isis-kurdish-rebels-history-theresa-may-refugees-present-a7352556.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/09/17/jarabulus-1.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/syria-war-turkey-syrian-turkish-border-isis-kurdish-rebels-history-theresa-may-refugees-present-a7352556.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/syria-war-turkey-syrian-turkish-border-isis-kurdish-rebels-history-theresa-may-refugees-present-a7352556.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>What it's like on each side of the Turkish-Syrian border</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>When a Syrian peasant woman approaches our table in a small Ottoman restaurant, the locals step forward to give her coins. It puts to shame the liars of the Brexit campaign and their hatred of the foreigners who supposedly threaten little England</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-coup-purge-recep-tayyip-erdogan-arrests-latest-a7351781.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/10/08/17/611737048.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-coup-purge-recep-tayyip-erdogan-arrests-latest-a7351781.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-coup-purge-recep-tayyip-erdogan-arrests-latest-a7351781.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Turkey's 70,000 arrests at heart of the government's propaganda war</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>From high-ranking military officials to university professors, those imprisoned since the attempted coup now total 70,756 - although some have been released</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/afghanistan-invasion-war-taliban-911-migrant-crisis-british-troops-arrogant-wretched-adventure-a7350181.html" data-tb-region-item="4-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/07/23/21/kabul-attack.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/afghanistan-invasion-war-taliban-911-migrant-crisis-british-troops-arrogant-wretched-adventure-a7350181.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/afghanistan-invasion-war-taliban-911-migrant-crisis-british-troops-arrogant-wretched-adventure-a7350181.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>The Afghan invasion was an arrogant, wretched adventure</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Afghanistan will not become Islamistan or even Talibanistan. It will, when the West finally packs up and leaves, become Mafiastan. Perhaps it already is</p> </div> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-7"><article data-weight="4" class="weight-4"><div class="partner-slots"> <div class="es-partners-slot parter-slot-1"> <div id="partner1"> </div> </div> <div class="es-partners-slot parter-slot-2"> <div id="partner2"> </div> </div> <div class="es-partners-slot parter-slot-3"> <div id="partner3"> </div> </div> <div class="es-partners-slot parter-slot-4"> <div id="partner4"> </div> </div> <div class="es-partners-slot parter-slot-5"> <div id="partner5"> </div> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-8"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/30yearsoftheindependent/face-to-face-with-bin-laden-a7349176.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/10/04/10/downloaddocument-28-1.png"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/30yearsoftheindependent/face-to-face-with-bin-laden-a7349176.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/30yearsoftheindependent/face-to-face-with-bin-laden-a7349176.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Face to face with Bin Laden</a></h1> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/30yearsoftheindependent/bin-laden-declares-war-on-a-complacent-america-a7349166.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/10/04/12/downloaddocument-33-1.png"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/30yearsoftheindependent/bin-laden-declares-war-on-a-complacent-america-a7349166.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/30yearsoftheindependent/bin-laden-declares-war-on-a-complacent-america-a7349166.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Bin Laden declares war on a complacent America</a></h1> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-coup-attempt-erdogan-robert-fisk-walking-streets-of-istanbul-a7347966.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/08/11/11/turkey.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-coup-attempt-erdogan-robert-fisk-walking-streets-of-istanbul-a7347966.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-coup-attempt-erdogan-robert-fisk-walking-streets-of-istanbul-a7347966.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Erdogan's ‘normalisation’ of Turkey has echoes of Stalinism</a></h1> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1" data-locked="true"> <div id="ayl" class="grid-mod-single-mpu"> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-9"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/francois-hollande-apology-algerian-war-absolve-france-arab-harkis-a7337166.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/04/18/15/francois-hollande.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/francois-hollande-apology-algerian-war-absolve-france-arab-harkis-a7337166.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/francois-hollande-apology-algerian-war-absolve-france-arab-harkis-a7337166.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Hollande can't escape his country's responsibility for the Harkis</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Now France has marched down the road of absolution for its collaboration with the Nazis, it’s time to close the Algerian chapter. But there's a problem – its modern army of Egyptian workers</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/shimon-peres-dies-israel-qana-massacre-never-forget-no-peacemaker-robert-fisk-a7334656.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/13/23/shimon-peres.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/shimon-peres-dies-israel-qana-massacre-never-forget-no-peacemaker-robert-fisk-a7334656.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/shimon-peres-dies-israel-qana-massacre-never-forget-no-peacemaker-robert-fisk-a7334656.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Shimon Peres was no peacemaker</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Peres said the massacre came as a ‘bitter surprise’. It was a lie: the UN had repeatedly told Israel the camp was packed with refugees</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-america-presidential-debate-first-isis-american-security-middle-east-a7332516.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/27/11/clinton-trump-5.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-america-presidential-debate-first-isis-american-security-middle-east-a7332516.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-america-presidential-debate-first-isis-american-security-middle-east-a7332516.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Trump and Clinton are as absurd as each other on the issue of Isis</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>'We have to knock the hell out of Isis – and we have to do it fast,' Trump told the world. Well, sure, but haven’t we all been knocking the hell out of Afghanistan, Iraq, Yemen, Syria, even Lebanon, and achieving the constant rebirth of ever more vicious warriors, of which Isis may soon generate another, even worse progeny? </p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/saudi-arabia-attacked-sunni-shia-leaders-wahhabism-chechenya-robert-fisk-a7322716.html" data-tb-region-item="4-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/16/15/hajj-5.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/saudi-arabia-attacked-sunni-shia-leaders-wahhabism-chechenya-robert-fisk-a7322716.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/saudi-arabia-attacked-sunni-shia-leaders-wahhabism-chechenya-robert-fisk-a7322716.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Saudi Arabia is under attack by Sunni and Shia leaders</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>What, the Saudis must be asking themselves, has happened to the fawning leaders who would normally grovel to the Kingdom?</p> </div> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-10"><article data-weight="4" class="weight-4"><div class="partner-slots"> <div class="es-partners-slot parter-slot-1"> <div id="partner6"> </div> </div> <div class="es-partners-slot parter-slot-2"> <div id="partner7"> </div> </div> <div class="es-partners-slot parter-slot-3"> <div id="partner8"> </div> </div> <div class="es-partners-slot parter-slot-4"> <div id="partner9"> </div> </div> <div class="es-partners-slot parter-slot-5"> <div id="partner10"> </div> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-11"><article data-weight="4" class="weight-4"> <div class="grid-mod-titled-separator margin"> <h1 class="box-title"> More headlines </h1> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-12"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/911-twin-towers-new-york-war-on-terror-iraq-isis-world-war-forgot-a7307401.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/05/17/08/9_11_world_trade_centre.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/911-twin-towers-new-york-war-on-terror-iraq-isis-world-war-forgot-a7307401.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/911-twin-towers-new-york-war-on-terror-iraq-isis-world-war-forgot-a7307401.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>They called the War on Terror a world war – and then forgot about it</a></h1> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/saudi-arabia-cannot-pay-its-workers-or-bills-yet-continues-to-fund-a-war-in-yemen-a7232466.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-cc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/07/27/11/jeddah-skyline.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/saudi-arabia-cannot-pay-its-workers-or-bills-yet-continues-to-fund-a-war-in-yemen-a7232466.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/saudi-arabia-cannot-pay-its-workers-or-bills-yet-continues-to-fund-a-war-in-yemen-a7232466.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Saudi Arabia cannot pay its workers or bills</a></h1> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/a-year-on-from-alan-kurdi-we-continue-to-ignore-the-facts-in-front-of-us-and-we-ignore-them-at-our-a7220111.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/01/13/gettyimages-544836742.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/a-year-on-from-alan-kurdi-we-continue-to-ignore-the-facts-in-front-of-us-and-we-ignore-them-at-our-a7220111.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/a-year-on-from-alan-kurdi-we-continue-to-ignore-the-facts-in-front-of-us-and-we-ignore-them-at-our-a7220111.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>A year on from Alan Kurdi, we continue to ignore the facts</a></h1> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1" data-locked="true"> <div id="mpu5" class="grid-mod-single-mpu"> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-13"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/iraq-sunni-shia-nasiriyah-prison-hangman-excutions-back-and-they-re-becoming-more-efficient-a7208816.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/08/25/10/speicher-massacre.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/iraq-sunni-shia-nasiriyah-prison-hangman-excutions-back-and-they-re-becoming-more-efficient-a7208816.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/iraq-sunni-shia-nasiriyah-prison-hangman-excutions-back-and-they-re-becoming-more-efficient-a7208816.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Iraq’s hangmen are back and they’re becoming more efficient</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Sunnis have been the principal victims of the largely Shia hangmen now carrying out the ‘democratically elected’ Iraqi government’s executions</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-syria-kurds-middle-east-a7207506.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-cc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/08/24/09/turkey-tanks-jarablus.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-syria-kurds-middle-east-a7207506.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-syria-kurds-middle-east-a7207506.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Turkey is now in Syria and this is what it means for the Middle East</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>The Turks don’t want a Kurdish mini-state on their frontier any more than the Syrians want to lose territory to the Kurds</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-kurdish-wedding-gaziantep-bomb-isis-gaziantep-erdogan-putin-syria-robert-fisk-a7202751.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/08/20/23/turkey-bombing.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-kurdish-wedding-gaziantep-bomb-isis-gaziantep-erdogan-putin-syria-robert-fisk-a7202751.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-kurdish-wedding-gaziantep-bomb-isis-gaziantep-erdogan-putin-syria-robert-fisk-a7202751.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>Turkey's hit list of enemies grows as Erdogan prepares to enter Syria</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p><span>Could it be that the Sultan is thinking of renewing his old friendship with the Lion of Damascus? Be sure that he is</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161107051134oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/the-shiites-are-winning-in-the-middle-east-and-its-all-thanks-to-russia-a7197081.html" data-tb-region-item="4-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/08/09/15/putin-erdogan.jpg"> <a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/the-shiites-are-winning-in-the-middle-east-and-its-all-thanks-to-russia-a7197081.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/the-shiites-are-winning-in-the-middle-east-and-its-all-thanks-to-russia-a7197081.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>The Shias are winning in the Middle East – thanks to Russia</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Just as Erdogan has become pals with Putin, the Turkish and Iranian foreign ministers have been embracing in Ankara with many a promise that their own talks will produce new alliances</p> </div> </div> </div> </article></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="mastfooter" tynt-data="no-content"> <div class="stamp"></div> <ul class="follow"> <li>Follow us:</li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134/https://www.facebook.com/TheIndependentOnline" target="_blank" title="Facebook" class="icon-facebook"></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134/https://twitter.com/independent" target="_blank" title="Twitter" class="icon-twitter"></a> </li> </ul> <ul class="links"><li><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/user-policies-a6184151.html" title="">User Policies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/privacy-policy-a6184181.html" title="">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/cookie-policy-a6184186.html" title="">Cookie Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/code-of-conduct-a6184241.html" title="">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134/https://independentnews.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/requests/new" title="">Complaint Form</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/contact-us-759589.html" title="">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/external-contributors-policy-7905982.html" title="">Contributors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/topics-list" title="">All Topics</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/archive" title="">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/register" title="">Newsletters</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134/http://independentjobs.independent.co.uk/" title="">Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134/https://www.independentsubscriptions.co.uk/" title="">Subscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134/http://esimedia.co.uk/" title="">Advertising Guide</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134/http://syndication.independent.co.uk/" title="">Syndication</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134/http://www.standard.co.uk/" title="">Evening Standard</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134/http://en.novayagazeta.ru/" title="">Novaya Gazeta</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051134/http://www.independent.co.uk/marketing/apps/" title="">Install our Apps</a></li> </ul> </footer> <div id="outofpageslot"> </div> <div id="teadsib"> </div> <div id="znaptag" tynt-data="no-content"> </div> <div id="thirdparty01"> </div> </div>  <script>(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i["GoogleAnalyticsObject"]=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(window,document,"script","//web.archive.org/web/20161107051134/http://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js","ga");ga("create", "UA-27212627-1", {"cookieDomain":"auto"});ga("set", "anonymizeIp", true);ga("send", "pageview"); 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