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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Astronomisk navigasjon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 39 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomisk_navigasjon" title="Astronomisk navigasjon – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Astronomisk navigasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomisk_navigation" title="Astronomisk navigation – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Astronomisk navigation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stjarnsiglingafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Stjarnsiglingafræði – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stjarnsiglingafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ملاحة فلكية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ملاحة فلكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономическа навигация – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Астрономическа навигация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navegaci%C3%B3_astron%C3%B2mica" title="Navegació astronòmica – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Navegació astronòmica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronavigace" title="Astronavigace – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Astronavigace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomische_Navigation" title="Astronomische Navigation – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Astronomische Navigation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronavigatsioon" title="Astronavigatsioon – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Astronavigatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%90%CE%B1" title="Αστρονομική ναυσιπλοΐα – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αστρονομική ναυσιπλοΐα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_navigation" title="Celestial navigation – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Celestial navigation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navegaci%C3%B3n_astron%C3%B3mica" title="Navegación astronómica – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Navegación astronómica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabigazio_astronomiko" title="Nabigazio astronomiko – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nabigazio astronomiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ناوبری فلکی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناوبری فلکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigation_astronomique" title="Navigation astronomique – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Navigation astronomique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%AD%EB%B2%95" title="천문항법 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="천문항법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ծովագնացային աստղագիտություն – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ծովագնացային աստղագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronavigacija" title="Astronavigacija – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Astronavigacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njem_%E1%BB%A5gb%E1%BB%8D_mmiri_n%27eluigwe" title="Njem ụgbọ mmiri n'eluigwe – ibo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Njem ụgbọ mmiri n'eluigwe" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ibo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigasi_benda_langit" title="Navigasi benda langit – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Navigasi benda langit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigazione_astronomica" title="Navigazione astronomica – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Navigazione astronomica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99" title="ניווט אסטרונומי – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניווט אסטרונומי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономиялық навигация – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Астрономиялық навигация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%ABrniec%C4%ABbas_astronomija" title="Jūrniecības astronomija – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jūrniecības astronomija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csillag%C3%A1szati_navig%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Csillagászati navigáció – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csillagászati navigáció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronavigatie" title="Astronavigatie – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Astronavigatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B8%AC%E8%88%AA%E6%B3%95" title="天測航法 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="天測航法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronawigacja" title="Astronawigacja – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Astronawigacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navega%C3%A7%C3%A3o_astron%C3%B4mica" title="Navegação astronômica – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Navegação astronômica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономическая навигация – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Астрономическая навигация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_navigation" title="Celestial navigation – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Celestial navigation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronavig%C3%A1cia" title="Astronavigácia – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Astronavigácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Небеска навигација – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Небеска навигација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronominen_navigointi" title="Astronominen navigointi – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Astronominen navigointi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="การเดินเรือดาราศาสตร์ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเดินเรือดาราศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6ksel_navigasyon" title="Göksel navigasyon – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Göksel navigasyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астрономічна навігація – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Астрономічна навігація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%B0%8E%E8%88%AA" title="天文導航 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="天文導航" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7" title="天文航海 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="天文航海" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1063512#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Astronomisk_navigasjon" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Astronomisk_navigasjon" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Grand_Turk%2835%29.jpg/500px-Grand_Turk%2835%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1176" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Oktant (forløper for sekstanten) og loggbok fra fregatten Grand Turk</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Using_sextant_swing.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Using_sextant_swing.gif/250px-Using_sextant_swing.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Using_sextant_swing.gif/375px-Using_sextant_swing.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Using_sextant_swing.gif/500px-Using_sextant_swing.gif 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption>Skjematisk fremstilling av en astronomisk observasjon</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Astronomisk navigasjon</b> eller <b>stjernenavigasjon</b>, er en teknikk der en benytter <a href="/wiki/Solen" title="Solen">solen</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5nen" title="Månen">månen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Planeter">planetene</a> eller de 57 <a href="/wiki/Stjerner" class="mw-redirect" title="Stjerner">stjernene</a> som er oppgitt i en astronomisk <a href="/wiki/Almanakk" title="Almanakk">almanakk</a> til å bestemme sin <a href="/wiki/Posisjon" title="Posisjon">posisjon</a> på havet, i ørkenen, på <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nlandsisen" title="Grønlandsisen">Grønlandsisen</a> eller andre steder uten egnede landemerker til hjelp ved <a href="/wiki/Navigasjon" title="Navigasjon">navigasjonen</a>. Den klassiske metoden er da å benytte himmellegemene til å bestemme sin posisjon. Solen er den mest benyttede mens en trenet navigatør også kan benytte månen eller andre stjerner. </p><p>Med en <a href="/wiki/Sekstant" title="Sekstant">sekstant</a> måles himmellegemets høyde over horisonten. Himmellegemene flytter seg over himmelen over døgnet og over året. Dette måles ved astronomiske observatorier som i <a href="/wiki/Greenwich-observatoriet" title="Greenwich-observatoriet">Royal Observatory Greenwich</a>. De observerte posisjonene oppgis i en astronomisk eller nautisk almanakk. Med høydemåling, almanakk og klokke kan posisjonen beregnes. En god observasjon (god horisont, god observasjonsplattform) gir en nøyaktighet på +/- en <a href="/wiki/Nautisk_mil" title="Nautisk mil">nautisk mil</a>. I overskyet vær er det ikke mulig å ta observasjoner. Et skip er da avhengig av å føre nøyaktig <a href="/wiki/Bestikkregning" title="Bestikkregning">bestikk</a> over kurs og utseilt distanse. Dette gir et estimat for fartøyets posisjon. Over tid vil usikkerheten øke idet en vanskelig kan bedømme avdrift grunnet vind og havstrømmer. Ved en astronomisk observasjon kan bestikket korrigeres. </p><p>På havet finner man en god horisont, på land er dette ikke mulig. Det er derfor utviklet flere teknikker for å fremskaffe en kunstig horisont; den enkleste i form av et kar med <a href="/wiki/Kvikks%C3%B8lv" title="Kvikksølv">kvikksølv</a>. Dette fungerer som et vannrett speil og brukes som referanse for horisonten. Det er også brukt roterende, gyrostabiliserte speil blant annet i sekstanter i fly. </p><p>Navigasjon ved hjelp av stjerner og planeter gjøres i grålysningen da både himmellegemet og horisonten er synlig. </p><p>I dag er det få som bruker denne form for navigasjon på grunn av elektroniske hjelpemiddel. <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> (Global Positioning System) har så godt som overtatt og er mye mer nøyaktig (+/- 20 meter eller bedre, altså om lag 100 ganger mer nøyaktig enn en sekstantobservasjon). Men alle som utdannes som navigatør for skip lærer astronomisk navigasjon. Det foregår også opplæring i forbindelse med fritidsbåtskippersertifikat, D5LA, mest for langturseilere som vil bruke astronomisk navigasjon som en back up ved lange turer over havet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomisk_navigasjon&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomisk_navigasjon&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ditlefsen, Reidar <i>Navigasjon: Terrestrisk og astronomisk navigasjon</i>, 14. utgave av Johnsen og Bryn <i>Lærebok i navigasjon I</i>, Aschehoug (1985) <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8203127649" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 82-03-12764-9</a></li> <li>Kjerstad, Norvald <i>Navigasjon for maritime studier</i>, Tapir akademisk forlag (2010) <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9788251925228" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9788251925228</a></li> <li>Dedekam, Ivar, <i>Astronavigasjon</i> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8291443122" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 8291443122</a></li> <li>Bowditch, Nathaniel <i>The American Practical Navigator</i>, Paradise Cay Publications (2010) <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0939837544" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0939837544</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomisk_navigasjon&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomisk_navigasjon&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091201173931/http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/maritime/?epi_menuItemID=c56aa099e2bff9525b2a7fbd3227a759&epi_menuID=35ad5b8aabcefa1a0fc133443927a759&epi_baseMenuID=e106a3b5e50edce1fec24fd73927a759"><i>The American Practical Navigator</i>, anerkjent amerikansk lærebok i navigasjon, også astronomisk (engelsk)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.celestialnavigation.net/">Nettsted for astronomisk navigasjon (engelsk)</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24790658">.mw-parser-output .spire{clear:both;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-radius:2px;padding:0.325rem;padding-left:3rem;margin:0.5rem 0;font-size:0.8125rem;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Stub_W.svg"),url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Emojione_1F331.svg"),url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Grass_compartment.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:0.5rem center,bottom right 0.5rem,bottom -2.1rem right -4rem;background-size:2rem,1.8rem,10rem;padding-right:3rem;text-align:start}</style> <div class="spire plainlinks">Denne artikkelen er en <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spire" title="Wikipedia:Spire">spire</a></b>. 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