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.infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaaaaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox.sisterproject{width:20em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa;border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.2em 0.8em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.2em 0.2em 0.8em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0 0 0 0}</style> <p>እንግሊዝ <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%89%A3%E1%89%A0%E1%88%A9%E1%89%B5_%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%80%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AD_%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%89%E1%88%B3%E1%8B%8A_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8C%88%E1%8B%9B%E1%8B%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="የተባበሩት የሀገር ንጉሳዊ አገዛዝ">የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም</a> አካል የሆነች ሀገር ነች። በምዕራብ በኩል ከዌልስ እና በሰሜን በኩል ከስኮትላንድ ጋር የመሬት ድንበሮችን ይጋራል። የአየርላንድ ባህር ከእንግሊዝ ሰሜናዊ ምዕራብ እና የሴልቲክ ባህር በደቡብ ምዕራብ ይገኛል። እንግሊዝ ከአህጉር አውሮፓ በሰሜን ባህር በምስራቅ እና በእንግሊዝ ቻናል በደቡብ ተለያይታለች። ሀገሪቱ በሰሜን አትላንቲክ ውቅያኖስ ላይ የምትገኘውን የታላቋ ብሪታንያ ደሴት አምስት ስምንተኛውን ትሸፍናለች እና ከ100 በላይ ትናንሽ ደሴቶችን ያጠቃልላል፣ እንደ የሳይሊ ደሴቶች እና ደሴት ዋይት።</p> <table class="infobox geography" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:46ex; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; font-size: 95%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="mergedtoprow" colspan="3" align="center" style="line-height:1.2em; padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em; font-size: 125%;"><p>እንግሊዝ</p></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"> <table width="100%" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:none;"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="50px" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle; font-size:30%; line-height: 105%;"></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:115%; border:0">የማዕዘን ፣ ሳክሰኖች እና ዴንማርክ አንድነት <p>ጁላይ 12 ቀን 927 እ.ኤ.አ • ከስኮትላንድ ጋር ህብረት</p> ግንቦት 1 ቀን 1707 እ.ኤ.አ</td> <td width="50px" style="border:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align:right; line-height: 105%; font-size:30%;"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="maptable" colspan="3" align="center" style="padding:0.5em 0;"> <table align="center" style="width:100%; background:none;"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="center" style="width:58%; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:Flag_of_England.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="የአንግላንድ ሰንደቅ ዓላማ"><img alt="የአንግላንድ ሰንደቅ ዓላማ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/125px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/188px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 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type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文（香港） ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr"> </audio></span></span> </center></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; padding:0.6em 0.6em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="የአንግላንድመገኛ"><img alt="የአንግላንድመገኛ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg/250px-England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg/375px-England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg/500px-England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720"></a> <figcaption> የአንግላንድመገኛ </figcaption> </figure> <div style="position:relative; top:0.3em;"> <small>እንግሊዝ በታላቋ ብሪታኒያ ካርታ ላይ ታይቷል የሰሜን አየርላንድ ንጉዛት በዋይልስ፣ ስኮትላንድ፣ በታላቋ ብሪታኒያ እና በሰሜን አየርላንድ በአይሪሽ ደሴት ውስጥ።</small> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>መንግሥት</b> <br> {{{{{{የመሪዎች_ማዕረግ}}}</td> <td> <br> {{{የመሪዎች_ስም}}}</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>የሕዝብ ብዛት</b><br> ግምት <br> የ2011 (አውሮፓውያን) ቆጠራ</td> <td> <br> 56,286,961 <br> 53,012,500</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>ገንዘብ</b></td> <td><a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%A6%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B0%E1%8A%9B%E1%8B%8D_%E1%89%BB%E1%88%AD%E1%88%88%E1%88%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ሦስተኛው ቻርለስ">ሦስተኛው ቻርለስ</a> <br><a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%AA%E1%88%BA_%E1%88%B1%E1%8A%93%E1%8A%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ሪሺ ሱናክ">ሪሺ ሱናክ</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>አሁን እንግሊዝ ተብሎ የሚጠራው አካባቢ በመጀመሪያ የላይኛው ፓሊዮሊቲክ ዘመን በዘመናዊ ሰዎች ይኖሩ ነበር ፣ ግን ስሙን ከአንግሊሶች የወሰደው ፣ ስሙን ከአንግሊያ ባሕረ ገብ መሬት ያገኘው ጀርመናዊ ጎሳ በ 5 ኛው እና 6 ኛው ክፍለዘመን የሰፈረ። እንግሊዝ በ10ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን የተዋሃደ ሀገር ሆነች እና በ15ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ከጀመረው የግኝት ዘመን ጀምሮ በሰፊው አለም ላይ ትልቅ ባህላዊ እና ህጋዊ ተፅእኖ ነበራት። የእንግሊዘኛ ቋንቋ፣ የአንግሊካን ቤተ ክርስቲያን እና የእንግሊዘኛ ህግ—ለሌሎች የአለም ሀገራት የጋራ ህግ የህግ ሥርዓቶች መሰረት የሆነው—በእንግሊዝ ውስጥ የተገነቡት እና የሀገሪቱ ፓርላማ የመንግስት ስርዓት በሌሎች ብሄሮች ዘንድ ተቀባይነት አግኝቷል። የኢንደስትሪ አብዮት የተጀመረው በ18ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን እንግሊዝ ሲሆን ማህበረሰቡን ወደ አለም የመጀመሪያዋ በኢንዱስትሪ የበለፀገች ሀገር አደረገ።</p> <p>የእንግሊዝ መሬት በዋናነት ዝቅተኛ ኮረብታዎች እና ሜዳዎች ነው ፣ በተለይም በማዕከላዊ እና በደቡብ እንግሊዝ። ሆኖም በሰሜን (ለምሳሌ ሀይቅ አውራጃ እና ፔኒኒስ) እና በምዕራብ (ለምሳሌ ዳርትሙር እና ሽሮፕሻየር ኮረብታዎች) ላይ ደጋማ እና ተራራማ መሬት አለ። ዋና ከተማው በዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ውስጥ ትልቁ የሜትሮፖሊታን አካባቢ ያለው ለንደን ነው። የእንግሊዝ ህዝብ 56.3 ሚሊዮን የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ህዝብ 84 በመቶውን ይይዛል ፣ በተለይም በለንደን ፣ በደቡብ ምስራቅ እና በሚድላንድስ ፣ በሰሜን ምዕራብ ፣ በሰሜን ምስራቅ እና በዮርክሻየር ውስጥ ያሉ ኮንሰርቶች እያንዳንዳቸው በዘመኑ እንደ ዋና የኢንዱስትሪ ክልሎች ያደጉ ናቸው። በ 19 ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን.</p> <p>የእንግሊዝ መንግሥት - ከ 1535 በኋላ ዌልስን ያቀፈ - በግንቦት 1 ቀን 1707 የተለየ ሉዓላዊ ሀገር መሆን አቆመ ፣ የሕብረት ሥራዎች በኅብረት ስምምነት ውስጥ ባለፈው ዓመት የተስማሙትን ውሎች በሥራ ላይ ሲያውሉ ፣ ይህም ከመንግሥቱ ጋር የፖለቲካ አንድነት እንዲኖር አድርጓል ። የታላቋ ብሪታንያ መንግሥት ለመፍጠር የስኮትላንድ። በ1801 ታላቋ ብሪታንያ ከአየርላንድ መንግሥት ጋር (በሌላ የሕብረት ሕግ) የታላቋ ብሪታንያ እና የአየርላንድ ዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ሆነች። እ.ኤ.አ. በ 1922 የአየርላንድ ነፃ ግዛት ከዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ተለየ ፣ ይህም የኋለኛው ታላቋ ብሪታንያ እና ሰሜን አየርላንድ ዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ተብሎ ተሰየመ ።</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="am" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">ማውጫ</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E1%89%B6%E1%8D%96%E1%8A%92%E1%88%9A"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">ቶፖኒሚ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E1%89%B3%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AD"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">ታሪክ</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E1%88%98%E1%8A%AB%E1%8A%A8%E1%88%88%E1%8A%9B%E1%8B%8D_%E1%8B%98%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">መካከለኛው ዘመን</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E1%89%80%E1%8B%B0%E1%88%9D%E1%89%B5_%E1%8B%98%E1%88%98%E1%8A%93%E1%8B%8A"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">ቀደምት ዘመናዊ</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E1%8B%98%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%AD%E1%89%B6_%E1%8B%98%E1%88%98%E1%8A%93%E1%8B%8A_%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%93_%E1%8B%98%E1%88%98%E1%8A%93%E1%8B%8A"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">ዘግይቶ ዘመናዊ እና ዘመናዊ</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B0%E1%8B%B3%E1%8B%B0%E1%88%AD"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">አስተዳደር</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E1%8D%96%E1%88%88%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%AB"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">ፖለቲካ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E1%88%85%E1%8C%8D"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">ህግ</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%AE%E1%8A%96%E1%88%9A"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">ኢኮኖሚ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ቶፖኒሚ"><span id=".E1.89.B6.E1.8D.96.E1.8A.92.E1.88.9A"></span>ቶፖኒሚ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ቶፖኒሚ ክፍልን ለማስተካከል" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ለማስተካከል</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>"እንግሊዝ" የሚለው ስም እንግሊዛዊ ከሚለው የእንግሊዘኛ ስም የተገኘ ሲሆን ትርጉሙም "የማዕዘን ምድር" ማለት ነው። አንግል በመካከለኛው ዘመን መጀመሪያ ላይ በታላቋ ብሪታንያ ከሰፈሩ የጀርመን ጎሳዎች አንዱ ነበር። ማዕዘኖቹ የባልቲክ ባህር በኪዬል የባህር ወሽመጥ አካባቢ (የአሁኗ የጀርመን ግዛት ሽሌስዊግ-ሆልስቴይን) ከአንግሊያ ባሕረ ገብ መሬት መጡ። የመጀመሪያው የቃሉ አጠቃቀም፣ እንደ "ንግሊዝ"፣ በዘጠነኛው ክፍለ ዘመን መገባደጃ ላይ ወደ ብሉይ ኢንግሊዘኛ የቤዴ የእንግሊዝ ሰዎች መክብብ ታሪክ ተተርጉሟል። ቃሉ ያኔ ከዘመናዊው በተለየ መልኩ ጥቅም ላይ ውሎ ነበር፣ ትርጉሙም “እንግሊዛውያን የሚኖሩባት ምድር” ማለት ሲሆን እንግሊዛውያንን የሚያጠቃልል ሲሆን አሁን ደቡብ-ምስራቅ ስኮትላንድ ውስጥ ይኖሩ ነበር ነገር ግን ያኔ የእንግሊዝ የኖርተምብሪያ ግዛት አካል ነበር። የአንግሎ ሳክሰን ዜና መዋዕል እንደዘገበው በ1086 የወጣው የዶሜዝዴይ መጽሐፍ መላውን እንግሊዝ ይሸፍናል ይህም ማለት የእንግሊዝ መንግሥት ማለት ነው፣ ከጥቂት ዓመታት በኋላ ግን ዜና መዋዕል ንጉሥ ማልኮም ሣልሳዊ “ከስኮትላንድ ወጥቶ ወደ እንግሊዝ ወደ ሎቲያን ሄደ” ሲል ገልጿል። በጣም ጥንታዊው ስሜት። ስለ አንግልስ የመጀመሪያው የተረጋገጠ ማጣቀሻ የተከሰተው በ 1 ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን በታሲተስ ፣ ጀርመኒያ ሥራ ላይ ነው ፣ እሱም የላቲን አንግሊ የሚለው ቃል ጥቅም ላይ ውሏል። የጎሳ ስም ሥርወ-ቃሉ ራሱ በሊቃውንት አከራካሪ ነው; ከአንጄን ባሕረ ገብ መሬት ቅርጽ, የማዕዘን ቅርጽ እንደሚገኝ ተጠቁሟል. እንደ ሳክሶን ካሉ ጎሳ ስም የወጣ ቃል እንዴት እና ለምን ለመላው ሀገሪቱ ጥቅም ላይ ሊውል እንደቻለ እና ህዝቦቿ አይታወቅም ነገር ግን ይህ ከመጥራት ልማድ ጋር የተያያዘ ይመስላል። በብሪታንያ ያሉ የጀርመን ሰዎች አንግሊ ሳክሶኖች ወይም እንግሊዛዊ ሳክሶኖች በሰሜን ጀርመን በዌዘር እና በአይደር ወንዞች መካከል ከብሉይ ሳክሶኒ አህጉራዊ ሳክሶኖች (Eald-Seaxe) ለመለየት። በታላቋ ብሪታንያ ደሴት ላይ የዳበረ ሌላ ቋንቋ በስኮትላንዳዊው ጌሊክ፣ የሳክሰን ጎሣዎች ስማቸውን እንግሊዝ (ሳሱን) ለሚለው ቃል ሰጡ። በተመሳሳይ የዌልስ የእንግሊዘኛ ቋንቋ ስም "ሳይስኔግ" ነው. የእንግሊዝ የፍቅር ስም ሎኤግሪያ ነው፣ ከዌልሽ ቃል እንግሊዝ፣ ሎግር ጋር የተያያዘ እና በአርተርሪያን አፈ ታሪክ ታዋቂ ሆኗል ። አልቢዮን በተጨማሪ በግጥም ችሎታው ለእንግሊዝ ይተገበራል፣ ምንም እንኳን የመጀመሪያ ትርጉሙ በአጠቃላይ የብሪታንያ ደሴት ቢሆንም።</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ታሪክ"><span id=".E1.89.B3.E1.88.AA.E1.8A.AD"></span>ታሪክ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ታሪክ ክፍልን ለማስተካከል" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ለማስተካከል</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>የቤከር ባህል በ2,500 ዓክልበ. አካባቢ ደርሷል፣ ከሸክላ የተሠሩ የመጠጥ እና የምግብ ዕቃዎችን፣ እንዲሁም የመዳብ ማዕድን ለማቅለጥ እንደ ማሰሮነት የሚያገለግሉ መርከቦችን አስተዋውቋል። በዚህ ወቅት ነበር እንደ ስቶንሄንጅ እና አቬበሪ ያሉ ዋና ዋና የኒዮሊቲክ ሀውልቶች የተገነቡት። በአካባቢው በብዛት የነበሩትን ቆርቆሮ እና መዳብ በአንድ ላይ በማሞቅ የቤከር</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg/210px-Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="280" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1001"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 280px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg/210px-Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg" data-width="210" data-height="280" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg/315px-Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg/419px-Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> ቦዲካ በሮማ ኢምፓየር ላይ አመጽ መራ። </figcaption> </figure> <p>ባህል ሰዎች ነሐስ, በኋላም ከብረት ማዕድናት ብረት ይሠራሉ. የብረት ማቅለጥ ልማት የተሻሉ ማረሻዎችን መገንባት፣ ግብርናን ማራመድ (ለምሳሌ ከሴልቲክ እርሻዎች ጋር) እንዲሁም የበለጠ ውጤታማ የጦር መሣሪያዎችን ማምረት አስችሏል።</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg/220px-Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg/220px-Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg/330px-Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg/440px-Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> የድንጋይ ንጣፍ ፣ የኒዮሊቲክ ሐውልት </figcaption> </figure> <p>በብረት ዘመን፣ ከሃልስታት እና ከላ ቴኔ ባህሎች የወጣው የሴልቲክ ባህል ከመካከለኛው አውሮፓ ደረሰ። በዚህ ጊዜ ብሪቶኒክ የሚነገር ቋንቋ ነበር። ማህበረሰቡ የጎሳ ነበር; በቶለሚ ጂኦግራፊያዊ መሰረት በአካባቢው ወደ 20 የሚጠጉ ጎሳዎች ነበሩ። ብሪታኒያውያን ማንበብና መጻፍ ባለመቻላቸው ቀደምት ክፍፍሎች አይታወቁም። በንጉሠ ነገሥቱ ዳርቻ ላይ እንዳሉት ሌሎች ክልሎች፣ ብሪታንያ ከሮማውያን ጋር የንግድ ግንኙነቶችን ለረጅም ጊዜ ትደሰት ነበር። የሮማ ሪፐብሊክ ጁሊየስ ቄሳር በ55 ዓክልበ ሁለት ጊዜ ለመውረር ሞከረ። ምንም እንኳን በአብዛኛው ያልተሳካለት ቢሆንም፣ ከትሪኖቫንቶች ደንበኛ ንጉሥ ማቋቋም ችሏል።</p> <p>የሴት ሥዕል ሥዕል፣ ክንድ የተዘረጋ፣ ነጭ ቀሚስ ለብሳ፣ ቀይ ካባና ኮፍያ፣ ሌሎች የሰው ሥዕሎች በቀኝዋ፣ ከታች በግራዋ።</p> <p>ቦዲካ በሮማ ኢምፓየር ላይ አመጽ መራ።</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:Warwick_Castle_May_2016.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Warwick_Castle_May_2016.jpg/220px-Warwick_Castle_May_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4419" data-file-height="3191"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 159px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Warwick_Castle_May_2016.jpg/220px-Warwick_Castle_May_2016.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Warwick_Castle_May_2016.jpg/330px-Warwick_Castle_May_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Warwick_Castle_May_2016.jpg/440px-Warwick_Castle_May_2016.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> የዋርዊክ ቤተመንግስት </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:Roman_Baths_in_Bath_Spa,_England_-_July_2006.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Roman_Baths_in_Bath_Spa%2C_England_-_July_2006.jpg/220px-Roman_Baths_in_Bath_Spa%2C_England_-_July_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2638" data-file-height="2296"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 191px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Roman_Baths_in_Bath_Spa%2C_England_-_July_2006.jpg/220px-Roman_Baths_in_Bath_Spa%2C_England_-_July_2006.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="191" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Roman_Baths_in_Bath_Spa%2C_England_-_July_2006.jpg/330px-Roman_Baths_in_Bath_Spa%2C_England_-_July_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Roman_Baths_in_Bath_Spa%2C_England_-_July_2006.jpg/440px-Roman_Baths_in_Bath_Spa%2C_England_-_July_2006.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> የሮማን መታጠቢያዎች በመታጠቢያ ስፓ ፣ እንግሊዝ </figcaption> </figure> <p>ሮማውያን በ43 ዓ.ም በአፄ ገላውዴዎስ ዘመነ መንግስት ብሪታንያን ወረሩ፣ በመቀጠልም ብዙ ብሪታንያን ያዙ፣ እና አካባቢው ወደ ሮማ ግዛት እንደ ብሪታኒያ ግዛት ተቀላቀለ። ለመቃወም ከሞከሩት የአገሬው ተወላጆች መካከል በጣም የታወቁት በካራታከስ የሚመሩት ካቱቬላኒ ናቸው። በኋላ፣ በአይሴኒ ንግሥት በቡዲካ የተመራው አመፅ፣ በዋትሊንግ ስትሪት ጦርነት ሽንፈትን ተከትሎ በቡዲካ እራሷን በማጥፋቷ አብቅቷል። ስለ ሮማን ብሪታንያ አንድ ጥናት ያዘጋጀው ጸሐፊ ከ43 ዓ.ም እስከ 84 ዓ.ም ድረስ የሮማውያን ወራሪዎች ከ100,000 እስከ 250,000 የሚደርሱ ሰዎችን ከ2,000,000 ሕዝብ መካከል እንደገደሉ ጠቁመዋል። በዚህ ዘመን የግሪክ-ሮማን ባህል የሮማን ህግ፣ የሮማውያን አርክቴክቸር፣ የውሃ ማስተላለፊያዎች፣ የፍሳሽ ማስወገጃዎች፣ ብዙ የእርሻ እቃዎች እና ሐር በማስተዋወቅ የበላይ ሆኖ ተመልክቷል። በ 3 ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ንጉሠ ነገሥት ሴፕቲሚየስ ሴቬረስ በኤቦራኩም (አሁን ዮርክ) ሞተ, ከዚያም ቆስጠንጢኖስ ከመቶ አመት በኋላ ንጉሠ ነገሥት ተብሎ በታወጀበት.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:Maiden_Castle,_Dorchester..jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Maiden_Castle%2C_Dorchester..jpg/220px-Maiden_Castle%2C_Dorchester..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Maiden_Castle%2C_Dorchester..jpg/220px-Maiden_Castle%2C_Dorchester..jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Maiden_Castle%2C_Dorchester..jpg/330px-Maiden_Castle%2C_Dorchester..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Maiden_Castle%2C_Dorchester..jpg/440px-Maiden_Castle%2C_Dorchester..jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> የሜይድ ካስል ዶርሴት የዳበረ ኮረብታ ግንብ ላይ እይታ ዛሬ ሲታዩ </figcaption> </figure> <p>ክርስትና ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ የጀመረው መቼ እንደሆነ ክርክር አለ; ከ 4 ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ብዙም ሳይዘገይ ምናልባትም በጣም ቀደም ብሎ ነበር. ቤዴ እንደሚለው፣ በ180 ዓ.ም የብሪታኒያው አለቃ ሉሲየስ ባቀረበው ጥያቄ፣ በምሥራቅና በምዕራቡ ዓለም ቤተ ክርስቲያን ላይ ያለውን ልዩነት ለመፍታት፣ ሚስዮናውያን ከሮም በኤሉተሪየስ ተልከዋል። ከግላስተንበሪ ጋር የተገናኙ ወጎች አሉ በአርማትያስ ጆሴፍ በኩል መግቢያ በመጠየቅ፣ ሌሎች ደግሞ በብሪታኒያው ሉሲየስ በኩል ይላሉ። እ.ኤ.አ. በ 410 ፣ የሮማ ኢምፓየር ውድቀት በነበረበት ወቅት ብሪታንያ በብሪታንያ የሮማውያን አገዛዝ ማብቂያ እና የሮማውያን ጦር ሰራዊት አባላት ለቀው ሲወጡ ፣ በአህጉራዊ አውሮፓ ድንበሮችን ለመከላከል እና በእርስ በርስ ጦርነቶች ውስጥ ለመሳተፍ ብሪታንያ ተጋልጣለች። የሴልቲክ ክርስቲያናዊ ገዳማዊ እና ሚሲዮናዊ እንቅስቃሴዎች አብቅተዋል፡- ፓትሪክ (5ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን አየርላንድ) እና በ6ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ብሬንዳን (ክሎንፈርት)፣ ኮምጋል (ባንጎር)፣ ዴቪድ (ዌልስ)፣ አይደን (ሊንዲስፋርኔ) እና ኮሎምባ (አዮና)። ይህ የክርስትና ዘመን በጥንታዊው የሴልቲክ ባህል በስሜታዊነት፣ በፖለቲካ፣ በልምምዶች እና በሥነ-መለኮት ላይ ተጽዕኖ አሳድሯል። የአጥቢያ “ማኅበረ ቅዱሳን” በገዳማውያን ማኅበረሰብ ውስጥ ያተኮሩ ነበሩ እና የገዳማውያን መሪዎች በሮማውያን የበላይነት በያዘው የቤተ ክርስቲያን ተዋረድ ሥርዓት ሳይሆን እንደ እኩዮች እንደ አለቆች ነበሩ።</p> <p><br></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="መካከለኛው_ዘመን"><span id=".E1.88.98.E1.8A.AB.E1.8A.A8.E1.88.88.E1.8A.9B.E1.8B.8D_.E1.8B.98.E1.88.98.E1.8A.95"></span>መካከለኛው ዘመን</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="መካከለኛው ዘመን ክፍልን ለማስተካከል" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ለማስተካከል</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>የሮማውያን ወታደራዊ መውጣት ብሪታንያ ለአረማውያን ወረራ ክፍት አድርጓታል ፣ ከሰሜን ምዕራብ አህጉር አውሮፓ የባህር ላይ ተሳፋሪዎች ፣ በተለይም ሳክሰኖች ፣ አንግሎች ፣ ጁትስ እና ፍሪሲያውያን የሮማን ግዛት የባህር ዳርቻዎችን ለረጅም ጊዜ ወረሩ። እነዚህ ቡድኖች በአምስተኛው እና በስድስተኛው ክፍለ ዘመን መጀመሪያ ላይ በሀገሪቱ ምስራቃዊ ክፍል ውስጥ ቁጥራቸው እየጨመረ መሄድ ጀመሩ. ግስጋሴያቸው ብሪታኒያውያን በባዶን ተራራ ላይ ካሸነፉ በኋላ ለተወሰኑ አሥርተ ዓመታት ተይዞ ነበር፣ነገር ግን በመቀጠል የብሪታንያ ለም ቆላማ ቦታዎችን በመውረር እና በብሪትቶኒክ ቁጥጥር ስር ያለውን አካባቢ ወደተለያዩ አካባቢዎች በመቀነስ ወደ ምዕራብ አቅጣጫ ወጣ ገባ በሆነው ሀገር ቀጠለ። በ 6 ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን መገባደጃ ላይ. ይህንን ጊዜ የሚገልጹ ዘመናዊ ጽሑፎች እጅግ በጣም አናሳ ናቸው፣ ይህም የጨለማ ዘመን ተብሎ እንዲገለጽ ምክንያት ሆኗል። የብሪታንያ የአንግሎ-ሳክሰን ሰፈራ ተፈጥሮ እና ግስጋሴ ለትልቅ አለመግባባት ተዳርጓል። እየተፈጠረ ያለው መግባባት በደቡብና በምስራቅ በሰፊው ተከስቷል ነገር ግን በሰሜን እና በምዕራብ በኩል ብዙም ጠቃሚ አይደለም፣ የሴልቲክ ቋንቋዎች በአንግሎ ሳክሰን ቁጥጥር ስር ባሉ አካባቢዎችም መነገሩን ቀጥለዋል ። በአጠቃላይ በሮማውያን የበላይነት የተያዘው ክርስትና ነበረው ። በተቆጣጠሩት ግዛቶች ውስጥ በአንግሎ-ሳክሰን ጣዖት አምላኪነት ተተክቷል ነገር ግን ከ 597 ጀምሮ በኦገስቲን የሚመራ የሮም ሚስዮናውያን እንደገና ተጀምሯል. በሮማውያን እና በሴልቲክ የበላይነት ባላቸው የክርስትና ዓይነቶች መካከል የነበረው አለመግባባቶች በሮማውያን ወግ በድል አድራጊነት በጉባኤው ተጠናቀቀ። ዊትቢ (664)፣ እሱም በሚመስል መልኩ ስለ ቶንሰሮች (የፀጉር መቆረጥ) እና የፋሲካ ቀን፣ ነገር ግን በይበልጥ ጉልህ በሆነ መልኩ፣ ስለ ሮማውያን እና ሴልቲክ የሥልጣን ዓይነቶች፣ ሥነ-መለኮት እና ልምምድ ልዩነቶች።</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:Sutton_Hoo_replica_(face).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sutton_Hoo_replica_%28face%29.jpg/220px-Sutton_Hoo_replica_%28face%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1624" data-file-height="1488"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 202px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sutton_Hoo_replica_%28face%29.jpg/220px-Sutton_Hoo_replica_%28face%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="202" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sutton_Hoo_replica_%28face%29.jpg/330px-Sutton_Hoo_replica_%28face%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sutton_Hoo_replica_%28face%29.jpg/440px-Sutton_Hoo_replica_%28face%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> የምስራቅ አንግሊያ መንግሥት የ 7 ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን የሱቶን ሁ ቁር ቅጂ </figcaption> </figure> <p>በሰፈራ ጊዜ ውስጥ በገቢ ሰጪዎች የሚገዙት መሬቶች ወደ ብዙ የጎሳ ግዛቶች የተከፋፈሉ ይመስላሉ ፣ ግን በ 7 ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ፣ የሁኔታው ተጨባጭ ማስረጃ እንደገና ሲገኝ ፣ እነዚህ ኖርተምብሪያ ፣ ሜርሺያ ፣ ዌሴክስን ጨምሮ ወደ ደርዘን የሚጠጉ መንግስታት ተዋህደዋል። , ምስራቅ አንሊያ, ኤሴክስ, ኬንት እና ሱሴክስ. በቀጣዮቹ ምዕተ-አመታት ውስጥ፣ ይህ የፖለቲካ መጠናከር ሂደት ቀጠለ። በ 7 ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን በኖርተምብሪያ እና በመርሲያ መካከል የበላይነትን ለማስፈን ትግል ተደረገ፣ ይህም በ 8 ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን የመርሪያን የበላይነት ሰጠ። በ9ኛው መቶ ክፍለ ዘመን መጀመሪያ ላይ መርሲያ በቬሴክስ ቀዳሚ መንግሥት ሆና ተፈናቅላለች። በኋላም በዚያው ምዕተ-አመት ውስጥ በዴንማርክ እየተባባሰ የመጣው ጥቃት በሰሜን እና በምስራቅ እንግሊዝ ድል በመነሳት የኖርተምብሪያን፣ የመርሲያን እና የምስራቅ አንሊያን መንግስታት ገልብጦ ነበር። በታላቁ አልፍሬድ ስር የነበረው ዌሴክስ ብቸኛው የተረፈው የእንግሊዝ መንግስት ሆኖ ቀረ፣ እና በተተኪዎቹ ስር፣ በዳኔላው መንግስታት ወጪ እየሰፋ ሄደ። ይህ የእንግሊዝ የፖለቲካ ውህደት በ927 ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ የተከናወነው እና በ953 በኤድሬድ ተጨማሪ ግጭቶች ከተፈጠሩ በኋላ የተቋቋመው የእንግሊዝ ፖለቲካዊ ውህደት አመጣ። በ10ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን መገባደጃ ላይ የተነሳው የስካንዲኔቪያ ጥቃት አዲስ ማዕበል በ10ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን መገባደጃ ላይ ይህን የተባበሩት መንግስታት በ ስዌን ሹካጢም በ1013 ተጠናቀቀ። እና እንደገና በልጁ ክኑት በ 1016, ለአጭር ጊዜ የሚቆይ የሰሜን ባህር ኢምፓየር ማእከል አድርጎ ዴንማርክ እና ኖርዌይን ያካትታል. ነገር ግን፣ የንጉሣዊው ተወላጅ ሥርወ መንግሥት በኤድዋርድ ኮንፌሰር ሥልጣን በ1042 ተመልሷል።</p> <p>ንጉስ ሄንሪ አምስተኛ በአጊንኮርት ጦርነት ፣ 1415።</p> <p>ንጉስ ሄንሪ አምስተኛ በአጊንኮርት ጦርነት በሴንት ክሪስፒን ቀን ተዋግቶ በእንግሊዝ ድል በመቶ አመት ጦርነት ከአንድ ትልቅ የፈረንሳይ ጦር ጋር ተጠናቀቀ።</p> <p>በኤድዋርድ ተተኪነት ላይ የተነሳው አለመግባባት በኖርማንዲ መስፍን ዊልያም የሚመራ ጦር በ1066 ወደ ኖርማን ወረራ አመራ። ኖርማኖች እራሳቸው ከስካንዲኔቪያ የመጡ ሲሆን በ9ኛው መጨረሻ እና በ10ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን መጀመሪያ ላይ በኖርማንዲ ሰፍረዋል። ይህ ድል የእንግሊዝ ልሂቃን ከሞላ ጎደል ንብረታቸውን እንዲለቁ እና በአዲስ ፈረንሳይኛ ተናጋሪ መኳንንት እንዲተካ አድርጓል፣ ንግግሩም በእንግሊዘኛ ቋንቋ ላይ ከፍተኛ እና ዘላቂ ተጽእኖ ነበረው።</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt.jpg/220px-King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 307px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt.jpg/220px-King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="307" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt.jpg/330px-King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt.jpg/440px-King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> ንጉስ ሄንሪ አምስተኛ በአጊንኮርት ጦርነት በሴንት ክሪስፒን ቀን ተዋግቶ በእንግሊዝ ድል በመቶ አመት ጦርነት ከአንድ ትልቅ የፈረንሳይ ጦር ጋር ተጠናቀቀ። </figcaption> </figure> <p>በመቀጠልም የፕላንታገነት ቤት ከአንጁ የእንግሊዝ ዙፋን ወረሰ በሄንሪ II፣ እንግሊዝን በማደግ ላይ ባለው አንጄቪን የ fiefs ኢምፓየር ላይ እንግሊዝን ጨምራ አኩታይንን ጨምሮ ቤተሰቡ ፈረንሳይ ውስጥ ወረሷት። ለሦስት መቶ ዓመታት ገዙ፣ አንዳንድ ታዋቂ ነገሥታት ሪቻርድ 1፣ ኤድዋርድ 1፣ ኤድዋርድ III እና ሄንሪ አምስተኛ ናቸው። ወቅቱ በንግድ እና ሕግ ላይ ለውጦች ታይተዋል፣ የማግና ካርታ መፈረምን ጨምሮ፣ የሉዓላዊውን ስልጣን ለመገደብ ጥቅም ላይ የዋለው የእንግሊዝ የህግ ቻርተር ህግ እና የነጻነት መብቶችን መጠበቅ. የካቶሊክ ምንኩስና አብቦ ፈላስፎችን በመስጠት የኦክስፎርድ እና የካምብሪጅ ዩኒቨርሲቲዎች በንጉሣዊ ድጋፍ ተመሠረቱ። የዌልስ ርእሰ ብሔር በ13ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን የፕላንታገነት ፊፍ ሆነ። እና የአየርላንድ ጌትነት ለእንግሊዝ ንጉሳዊ አገዛዝ በጳጳሱ ተሰጥቷል. በ 14 ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን, ፕላንታጂኖች እና የቫሎይስ ቤት ሁለቱም የኬፕት ቤት እና ከፈረንሳይ ጋር ህጋዊ የይገባኛል ጥያቄ አቅርበዋል; ሁለቱ ሀይሎች በመቶ አመት ጦርነት ውስጥ ተፋጠጡ።የጥቁር ሞት ወረርሽኝ በእንግሊዝ መታ; ከ 1348 ጀምሮ በመጨረሻ እስከ ግማሽ የሚሆኑ የእንግሊዝ ነዋሪዎችን ገደለ ። ከ 1453 እስከ 1487 የእርስ በርስ ጦርነት በሁለት የንጉሣዊ ቤተሰብ ቅርንጫፎች መካከል ተፈጠረ - በዮርክስቶች እና ላንካስትሪያን - የ ጽጌረዳዎች ጦርነቶች በመባል ይታወቃሉ። በመጨረሻም ዮርክስቶች ዙፋኑን ሙሉ በሙሉ እንዲያጡ ያደረጋቸው በዌልሽ መኳንንት ቤተሰብ ቱዶር ሲሆን በሄንሪ ቱዶር የሚመራ የላንካስትሪያን ቅርንጫፍ ሲሆን ከዌልስ እና ብሬተን ቅጥረኞች ጋር በመውረር የዮርክ ንጉስ ሪቻርድ ሳልሳዊ በነበረበት የቦስዎርዝ ሜዳ ጦርነት ድልን ተቀዳጀ። ተገደለ።</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ቀደምት_ዘመናዊ"><span id=".E1.89.80.E1.8B.B0.E1.88.9D.E1.89.B5_.E1.8B.98.E1.88.98.E1.8A.93.E1.8B.8A"></span>ቀደምት ዘመናዊ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ቀደምት ዘመናዊ ክፍልን ለማስተካከል" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ለማስተካከል</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>በቱዶር ዘመን፣ ህዳሴ ወደ እንግሊዝ የደረሰው በጣሊያን ቤተ መንግስት አማካይነት ነው፣ እነሱም ጥበባዊ፣ ትምህርታዊ እና ምሁራዊ ክርክሮችን ከጥንታዊው ጥንታዊነት እንደገና አስተዋውቀዋል። እንግሊዝ የባህር ኃይል ችሎታን ማዳበር ጀመረች እና ወደ ምዕራቡ ዓለም የሚደረገው አሰሳ ተጠናከረ። ሄንሪ ስምንተኛ በ1534 የእንግሊዝ ቤተ ክርስቲያን ንጉሠ ነገሥት ራስ አድርጎ ባወጀው የልዑልነት ሥራ ሥር ፍቺውን በተመለከቱ ጉዳዮች ከካቶሊክ ቤተ ክርስቲያን ጋር ያለውን ግንኙነት አቋረጠ። ከአብዛኞቹ የአውሮፓ ፕሮቴስታንት እምነት በተቃራኒ የልዩነት መነሻው ከሥነ-መለኮት ይልቅ ፖለቲካዊ ነበር። እንዲሁም የቀድሞ አባቱን ዌልስን ከ1535-1542 ድርጊቶች ጋር ወደ እንግሊዝ ግዛት በሕጋዊ መንገድ አካትቷል። በሄንሪ ሴት ልጆች በሜሪ 1 እና ኤልዛቤት ቀዳማዊ የግዛት ዘመን የውስጥ ሀይማኖት ግጭቶች ነበሩ።የፊተኛው ሀገሪቷን ወደ ካቶሊካዊነት ስትመለስ የኋለኛው ደግሞ እንደገና ተገንጥላ የአንግሊካኒዝምን የበላይነት በኃይል አረጋግጧል። የኤልዛቤት ዘመን በቱዶር ዘመን በንግሥት ንግሥት ኤልሳቤጥ I ("ድንግል ንግሥት") የግዛት ዘመን ነው። የታሪክ ተመራማሪዎች ብዙ ጊዜ በእንግሊዝ ታሪክ ወርቃማ ዘመን አድርገው ይገልጹታል። ኤሊዛቤት እንግሊዝ የእንግሊዝ ህዳሴ አፖጊን ወክሎ የጥበብ፣ የግጥም፣ የሙዚቃ እና የስነ-ጽሁፍ አበባ አየች። ዘመኑ በድራማ፣ በቲያትር እና በተውኔት ደራሲያን በጣም ታዋቂ ነው። በዚህ ወቅት እንግሊዝ በቱዶር ትልቅ ለውጥ የተነሳ የተማከለ፣ በሚገባ የተደራጀ እና ውጤታማ መንግስት ነበራት።</p> <p>ከስፔን ጋር በመወዳደር በአሜሪካ አህጉር የመጀመሪያው የእንግሊዝ ቅኝ ግዛት በ1585 በአሳሽ ዋልተር ራሌይ በቨርጂኒያ ተመሠረተ እና ሮአኖክ ተባለ። የሮአኖክ ቅኝ ግዛት አልተሳካም እና ዘግይቶ የመጣው የአቅርቦት መርከብ ሲመለስ ተጥሎ ከተገኘ በኋላ የጠፋው ቅኝ ግዛት በመባል ይታወቃል። ከምስራቃዊ ህንድ ኩባንያ ጋር፣ እንግሊዝ በምስራቅ ከደች እና ከፈረንሳይ ጋር ተወዳድራለች። በኤልዛቤት ዘመን እንግሊዝ ከስፔን ጋር ጦርነት ገጥሟት ነበር። አንድ አርማዳ እንግሊዝን ለመውረር እና የካቶሊክን ንጉሳዊ አገዛዝ ለማቋቋም ባደረገው ሰፊ እቅድ በ1588 ከስፔን በመርከብ ተሳፈረ። እቅዱ በመጥፎ ቅንጅት፣ አውሎ ንፋስ እና የተሳካ የሃሪሪንግ ጥቃቶች በሎርድ ሃዋርድ የኢፊንግሃም የእንግሊዝ መርከቦች ተበላሽተዋል። ይህ ውድቀት ሥጋቱን አላቆመውም፤ ስፔን በ1596 እና 1597 ሁለት ተጨማሪ አርማዳዎችን ከፈተች፣ ነገር ግን ሁለቱም በማዕበል ተገፋፍተዋል። በ1603 የደሴቲቱ ፖለቲካዊ መዋቅር ተቀይሯል፣የስኮትስ ንጉስ ጀምስ ስድስተኛ፣የእንግሊዝ ፍላጎት የረዥም ጊዜ ባላንጣ የነበረችው፣የእንግሊዝ ዙፋን እንደ ጀምስ ቀዳማዊ በመውረስ የግል ህብረት ፈጠረ። ምንም እንኳን ይህ በእንግሊዝ ህግ መሰረት ባይኖረውም እራሱን የታላቋ ብሪታንያ ንጉስ አደረገ። በኪንግ ጄምስ ስድስተኛ እና እኔ ስልጣን ያለው የኪንግ ጀምስ የመጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ትርጉም በ1611 ታትሟል። በ20ኛው መቶ ዘመን ዘመናዊ ክለሳዎች እስኪዘጋጁ ድረስ አብዛኞቹ የፕሮቴስታንት ክርስቲያኖች ለአራት መቶ ዓመታት ያነበቡት የመጽሐፍ ቅዱስ መደበኛ እትም ነበር።</p> <p>ረጅም ጥቁር ፀጉር ነጭ ካፕ እና ብራቂ ለብሶ የተቀመጠው የወንድ ምስል መቀባት።</p> <p>የእንግሊዝ ተሃድሶ በንጉሥ ቻርልስ II ስር የነበረውን ንጉሳዊ አገዛዝ እና ከእንግሊዝ የእርስ በርስ ጦርነት በኋላ ሰላምን መለሰ።</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:After_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger_(1497-8-1543)_-_Henry_VIII_(1491-1547)_-_RCIN_404438_-_Royal_Collection.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/After_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger_%281497-8-1543%29_-_Henry_VIII_%281491-1547%29_-_RCIN_404438_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/220px-After_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger_%281497-8-1543%29_-_Henry_VIII_%281491-1547%29_-_RCIN_404438_-_Royal_Collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="1500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 298px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/After_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger_%281497-8-1543%29_-_Henry_VIII_%281491-1547%29_-_RCIN_404438_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/220px-After_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger_%281497-8-1543%29_-_Henry_VIII_%281491-1547%29_-_RCIN_404438_-_Royal_Collection.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="298" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/After_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger_%281497-8-1543%29_-_Henry_VIII_%281491-1547%29_-_RCIN_404438_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/330px-After_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger_%281497-8-1543%29_-_Henry_VIII_%281491-1547%29_-_RCIN_404438_-_Royal_Collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/After_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger_%281497-8-1543%29_-_Henry_VIII_%281491-1547%29_-_RCIN_404438_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/440px-After_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger_%281497-8-1543%29_-_Henry_VIII_%281491-1547%29_-_RCIN_404438_-_Royal_Collection.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> ንጉስ ሄንሪ ስምንተኛ (1491-1547) </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:Elizabeth_I_in_Parliament_Robes.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Elizabeth_I_in_Parliament_Robes.jpg/220px-Elizabeth_I_in_Parliament_Robes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1217" data-file-height="1548"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 280px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Elizabeth_I_in_Parliament_Robes.jpg/220px-Elizabeth_I_in_Parliament_Robes.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="280" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Elizabeth_I_in_Parliament_Robes.jpg/330px-Elizabeth_I_in_Parliament_Robes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Elizabeth_I_in_Parliament_Robes.jpg/440px-Elizabeth_I_in_Parliament_Robes.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> ቀዳማዊት ንግሥት ኤልዛቤት (1558-1603)248x280px </figcaption> </figure> <p>እርስ በርስ በሚጋጩ ፖለቲካዊ፣ ሃይማኖታዊ እና ማህበራዊ አቋሞች ላይ በመመስረት፣ የእንግሊዝ የእርስ በርስ ጦርነት የተካሄደው በፓርላማ ደጋፊዎች እና በንጉሥ ቻርልስ 1ኛ ደጋፊዎች መካከል ሲሆን እነዚህም ተራ በተራ ራውንድሄድስ እና ካቫሊየርስ በመባል ይታወቃሉ። ይህ ስኮትላንድ እና አየርላንድን የሚያካትቱ የሶስቱ መንግስታት ሰፊ ሁለገብ ጦርነቶች የተጠላለፈ አካል ነበር። የፓርላማ አባላት አሸናፊ ነበሩ፣ 1ኛ ቻርለስ ተገደለ እና መንግሥቱ በኮመንዌልዝ ተተካ። የፓርላማ ኃይሎች መሪ ኦሊቨር ክሮምዌል በ 1653 ራሱን ጌታ ጠባቂ አድርጎ አውጇል። የግላዊ አገዛዝ ጊዜ ተከትሏል. ክሮምዌል ከሞተ በኋላ እና ልጁ ሪቻርድ ጌታ ጥበቃ አድርጎ ከተሰናበተ በኋላ፣ ቻርለስ II በ1660 ወደ ንጉስነት እንዲመለስ ተጋብዞ ነበር፣ በተወሰደ እርምጃ። ቲያትሮች እንደገና ሲከፈቱ፣ የጥበብ ጥበቦች፣ ስነ-ጽሁፍ እና የኪነጥበብ ስራዎች በዳግም ተሃድሶው ጊዜ ሁሉ የ‹‹መልካም ንጉስ› ቻርልስ 2ኛ ዳግመኛ ታደሰ። ከ1688ቱ የክብር አብዮት በኋላ፣ ፓርላማ እውነተኛው ስልጣን ቢኖረውም ንጉስ እና ፓርላማ አብረው እንዲገዙ በህገ መንግስቱ ተረጋገጠ። ይህ የተቋቋመው በ1689 የመብቶች ህግ ጋር ነው። ከተቀመጡት ህጎች መካከል ህጉ በፓርላማ ብቻ ሊሰራ እንደሚችል እና በንጉሱ ሊታገድ እንደማይችል እንዲሁም ንጉሱ ያለ ቅድመ ሁኔታ ግብር ሊጭን ወይም ሰራዊት ማፍራት እንደማይችል ይገኙባቸዋል። የፓርላማ ተቀባይነት.እንዲሁም ከዚያን ጊዜ ጀምሮ, አንድም የብሪታንያ ንጉሠ ነገሥት ሲቀመጥ ወደ ምክር ቤት አልገባም, ይህም በየዓመቱ በብሪቲሽ ንጉሠ ነገሥት የፓርላማ መክፈቻ ላይ የፓርላማው በሮች ሲደበደቡ ይከበራል. የንጉሠ ነገሥቱ መልእክተኛ, የፓርላማ መብቶችን እና ከንጉሣዊው ነፃነትን የሚያመለክት. በ1660 የሮያል ሶሳይቲ ሲመሰረት፣ ሳይንስ በጣም ተበረታቷል።</p> <p>እ.ኤ.አ. በ 1666 የለንደን ታላቁ እሳት የለንደን ከተማን አቃጠለ ፣ ግን ከጥቂት ጊዜ በኋላ በሰር ክሪስቶፈር ሬን በተነደፉ ብዙ ጉልህ ሕንፃዎች እንደገና ተገነባ። በፓርላማ ውስጥ ሁለት አንጃዎች ተፈጥረዋል - ቶሪስ እና ዊግስ። ቶሪስ መጀመሪያ ላይ የካቶሊክን ንጉስ ጀምስ 2ን ቢደግፉም አንዳንዶቹ ከዊግስ ጋር በ1688 አብዮት ወቅት የኔዘርላንድ ልዑል ዊልያም ኦሬንጅ ጄምስን እንዲያሸንፍ እና በመጨረሻም የእንግሊዝ ዊልያም III እንዲሆን ጋበዙ። አንዳንድ የእንግሊዝ ሰዎች፣ በተለይም በሰሜን፣ ያቆብ ሰዎች ነበሩ እና ጄምስንና ልጆቹን መደገፋቸውን ቀጥለዋል። በስቱዋርት ሥርወ መንግሥት እንግሊዝ በንግድ፣ በፋይናንስ እና በብልጽግና ተስፋፍታለች። ብሪታንያ በአውሮፓ ትልቁን የነጋዴ መርከቦችን አቋቋመች። የእንግሊዝ እና የስኮትላንድ ፓርላማዎች ከተስማሙ በኋላ በ 1707 የታላቋ ብሪታንያ ግዛት ለመፍጠር ሁለቱ ሀገራት በፖለቲካዊ ህብረት ውስጥ ተቀላቅለዋል ። ህብረቱን ለማስማማት እንደ ሕግ እና ብሔራዊ ቤተክርስቲያኖች ያሉ ተቋማት የተለያዩ ናቸው ።</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="ዘግይቶ_ዘመናዊ_እና_ዘመናዊ"><span id=".E1.8B.98.E1.8C.8D.E1.8B.AD.E1.89.B6_.E1.8B.98.E1.88.98.E1.8A.93.E1.8B.8A_.E1.8A.A5.E1.8A.93_.E1.8B.98.E1.88.98.E1.8A.93.E1.8B.8A"></span>ዘግይቶ ዘመናዊ እና ዘመናዊ</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ዘግይቶ ዘመናዊ እና ዘመናዊ ክፍልን ለማስተካከል" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ለማስተካከል</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:CanalettoSomersetHouseTerrace.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/CanalettoSomersetHouseTerrace.jpg/220px-CanalettoSomersetHouseTerrace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1143"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 126px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/CanalettoSomersetHouseTerrace.jpg/220px-CanalettoSomersetHouseTerrace.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="126" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/CanalettoSomersetHouseTerrace.jpg/330px-CanalettoSomersetHouseTerrace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/CanalettoSomersetHouseTerrace.jpg/440px-CanalettoSomersetHouseTerrace.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> ቴምዝ ከሶመርሴት ቤት ቴራስ ወደ ሴንት ጳውሎስ ሲመለከት፣ 1750 ዓ.ም. </figcaption> </figure> <p>አዲስ በተቋቋመው በታላቋ ብሪታንያ መንግሥት ከሮያል ሶሳይቲ እና ከሌሎች የእንግሊዝ ውጥኖች ከስኮትላንድ ኢንላይሜንት ጋር ተዳምሮ በሳይንስ እና ምህንድስና አዳዲስ ፈጠራዎችን ሲፈጥር በሮያል ባህር ኃይል ጥበቃ የሚደረግለት ከፍተኛ የብሪታንያ የባህር ማዶ ንግድ ምስረታ መንገድ ጠርጓል። የብሪቲሽ ኢምፓየር. በአገር ውስጥ የኢንዱስትሪ አብዮት እንዲስፋፋ ምክንያት ሆኗል፣ በእንግሊዝ ማህበራዊና ኢኮኖሚያዊ እና ባህላዊ ሁኔታዎች ላይ ከፍተኛ ለውጥ የታየበት፣ በዚህም ምክንያት በኢንዱስትሪ የበለጸገ ግብርና፣ ምርት፣ ምህንድስና እና ማዕድን እንዲሁም አዲስ እና ፈር ቀዳጅ የመንገድ፣ የባቡር እና የውሃ አውታሮች መስፋፋትና እድገታቸውን እንዲያመቻቹ አድርጓል። . በ1761 የሰሜን ምዕራብ እንግሊዝ ብሪጅዎተር ካናል መከፈቱ በብሪታንያ የቦይውን ዘመን አስከትሏል። እ.ኤ.አ. በ 1825 በዓለም የመጀመሪያው ቋሚ የእንፋሎት ሎኮሞቲቭ የሚጎተት የመንገደኞች ባቡር - የስቶክተን እና የዳርሊንግተን ባቡር - ለህዝብ ተከፈተ።</p> <p>ባለ ብዙ ፎቅ ካሬ የኢንዱስትሪ ሕንፃዎች ከወንዝ ባሻገር</p> <p>የትራፋልጋር ጦርነት በናፖሊዮን ጦርነቶች ወቅት በብሪቲሽ ንጉሣዊ ባህር ኃይል እና በፈረንሳይ እና በስፓኒሽ የባህር ኃይል መርከቦች መካከል የተደረገ የባህር ኃይል ተሳትፎ ነበር።</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:Charles_II_of_England.jpeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Charles_II_of_England.jpeg/220px-Charles_II_of_England.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="1159"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 339px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Charles_II_of_England.jpeg/220px-Charles_II_of_England.jpeg" data-width="220" data-height="339" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Charles_II_of_England.jpeg/330px-Charles_II_of_England.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Charles_II_of_England.jpeg/440px-Charles_II_of_England.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> የእንግሊዝ ተሃድሶ በንጉሥ ቻርልስ II ስር የነበረውን ንጉሳዊ አገዛዝ እና ከእንግሊዝ የእርስ በርስ ጦርነት በኋላ ሰላምን መለሰ። (1558-1603)248x280px </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:Turner_-_The_Battle_of_Trafalgar,_21_October_1805,_1822%E2%80%931824,_BHC0565.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Turner_-_The_Battle_of_Trafalgar%2C_21_October_1805%2C_1822%E2%80%931824%2C_BHC0565.jpg/220px-Turner_-_The_Battle_of_Trafalgar%2C_21_October_1805%2C_1822%E2%80%931824%2C_BHC0565.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="846"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 155px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Turner_-_The_Battle_of_Trafalgar%2C_21_October_1805%2C_1822%E2%80%931824%2C_BHC0565.jpg/220px-Turner_-_The_Battle_of_Trafalgar%2C_21_October_1805%2C_1822%E2%80%931824%2C_BHC0565.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="155" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Turner_-_The_Battle_of_Trafalgar%2C_21_October_1805%2C_1822%E2%80%931824%2C_BHC0565.jpg/330px-Turner_-_The_Battle_of_Trafalgar%2C_21_October_1805%2C_1822%E2%80%931824%2C_BHC0565.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Turner_-_The_Battle_of_Trafalgar%2C_21_October_1805%2C_1822%E2%80%931824%2C_BHC0565.jpg/440px-Turner_-_The_Battle_of_Trafalgar%2C_21_October_1805%2C_1822%E2%80%931824%2C_BHC0565.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> ተርነር፣ የትራፋልጋር ጦርነት </figcaption> </figure> <p>በኢንዱስትሪ አብዮት ወቅት ብዙ ሰራተኞች ከእንግሊዝ ገጠራማ ወደ አዲስ እና ወደተስፋፋ የከተማ ኢንዱስትሪ አካባቢዎች በፋብሪካዎች ውስጥ ለመስራት ተንቀሳቅሰዋል ለምሳሌ በበርሚንግሃም እና ማንቸስተር "የአለም ወርክሾፕ" እና "የመጋዘን ከተማ" በቅደም ተከተል ተጠርተዋል. ማንቸስተር በአለም የመጀመሪያው ኢንዱስትሪ ነበር. ከተማ. እንግሊዝ በመላው የፈረንሳይ አብዮት አንጻራዊ መረጋጋት ኖራለች። ታናሹ ዊልያም ፒት ለጆርጅ III የግዛት ዘመን የእንግሊዝ ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር ነበር። የጆርጅ አራተኛ አገዛዝ በቅንጦት እና በሥነ ጥበብ ጥበብ እና በሥነ ሕንፃ ውስጥ ያስመዘገበው ስኬት ይታወቃል። በናፖሊዮን ጦርነት ወቅት ናፖሊዮን ከደቡብ-ምስራቅ ለመውረር አቅዶ ነበር። ነገር ግን ይህ ሊገለጥ አልቻለም እና የናፖሊዮን ሃይሎች በብሪቲሽ፡ በባህር ላይ በሎርድ ኔልሰን እና በመሬት ላይ በዌሊንግተን መስፍን ተሸነፉ። በትራፋልጋር ጦርነት የተካሄደው ትልቅ ድል ብሪታንያ በአስራ ስምንተኛው ክፍለ ዘመን የመሰረተችውን የባህር ኃይል የበላይነት አረጋግጧል። የናፖሊዮን ጦርነቶች ከእንግሊዝ፣ ከስኮትስ እና ከዌልስ ጋር የተጋሩ የብሪቲሽነት ፅንሰ-ሀሳብ እና የተባበረ ብሄራዊ የብሪቲሽ ህዝብን አበረታቷል።</p> <p>የቪክቶሪያ ዘመን ብዙ ጊዜ እንደ ወርቃማ ዘመን ይጠቀሳል.</p> <p>ለንደን በቪክቶሪያ ዘመን በዓለም ላይ ትልቁ እና በሕዝብ ብዛት የበለፀገች ከተማ ሆነች ፣ እና በብሪቲሽ ኢምፓየር ውስጥ የንግድ ልውውጥ - እንዲሁም የብሪታንያ ወታደራዊ እና የባህር ኃይል አቋም - የተከበረ ነበር። በቴክኖሎጂ፣ ይህ ዘመን ለዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ኃይል እና ብልጽግና ቁልፍ የሆኑ ብዙ ፈጠራዎችን ታይቷል። እንደ ቻርቲስቶች እና ምርጫ ምርጫዎች ካሉ ጽንፈኞች በቤት ውስጥ የነበረው የፖለቲካ ቅስቀሳ የህግ ማሻሻያ እና ሁለንተናዊ ምርጫን አስችሏል።ሳሙኤል ሃይንስ የኤድዋርድያንን ዘመን “ሴቶች የምስል ኮፍያ ለብሰው ድምጽ የማይሰጡበት የመዝናኛ ጊዜ፣ ሀብታሞች በግልፅ ለመኖር የማያፍሩበት ጊዜ ነበር ሲል ገልጿል። እና ፀሀይ በእንግሊዝ ባንዲራ ላይ ጠልቃ አታውቅም።</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:Frith_A_Private_View.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Frith_A_Private_View.jpg/220px-Frith_A_Private_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1155"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 116px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Frith_A_Private_View.jpg/220px-Frith_A_Private_View.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="116" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Frith_A_Private_View.jpg/330px-Frith_A_Private_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Frith_A_Private_View.jpg/440px-Frith_A_Private_View.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> በሮያል አካዳሚ ውስጥ የግል እይታ </figcaption> </figure> <p>በምስራቅ-መካከለኛው አውሮፓ የኃይል ለውጥ ወደ አንደኛው የዓለም ጦርነት አመራ; በመቶ ሺዎች የሚቆጠሩ የእንግሊዝ ወታደሮች የተባበሩት መንግስታት አካል ሆነው ለዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ሲዋጉ ሞቱ። ከሁለት አሥርተ ዓመታት በኋላ፣ በሁለተኛው የዓለም ጦርነት፣ ዩናይትድ ኪንግደም እንደገና ከአሊያንስ አንዷ ነበረች። በፎኒ ጦርነት ማብቂያ ላይ ዊንስተን ቸርችል የጦርነት ጊዜ ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር ሆነ። የጦርነት ቴክኖሎጂ እድገቶች በብሉዝ ወቅት በአየር ወረራ ብዙ ከተሞች ተጎድተዋል። ከጦርነቱ በኋላ የብሪቲሽ ኢምፓየር ፈጣን ከቅኝ ግዛት መውጣቱን አጋጥሞታል, እና የቴክኖሎጂ ፈጠራዎች ፍጥነት መጨመር ነበር; አውቶሞቢሎች ቀዳሚ የመጓጓዣ መንገዶች ሆነዋል እና የፍራንክ ዊትል የጄት ሞተር እድገት ወደ ሰፊ የአየር ጉዞ አመራ። የመኖሪያ ስልቶች በእንግሊዝ በግል በሞተር መንዳት እና በ1948 የብሄራዊ ጤና አገልግሎት (ኤን ኤች ኤስ) መፈጠር ተለውጠዋል። የዩኬ ኤን ኤች ኤስ በፍላጎት ጊዜ ለሁሉም የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ቋሚ ነዋሪዎች በህዝብ የገንዘብ ድጋፍ የሚደረግለት የጤና እንክብካቤ ከጠቅላላ ክፍያ እየተከፈለ ነው። ቀረጥ. እነዚህ ተደማምረው፣ በ20ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን አጋማሽ በእንግሊዝ የአካባቢ አስተዳደር እንዲሻሻል አነሳስተዋል።</p> <p>ከ 20 ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ጀምሮ ወደ እንግሊዝ ከፍተኛ የሆነ የህዝብ እንቅስቃሴ ነበር ፣ በተለይም ከሌሎች የብሪቲሽ ደሴቶች ክፍሎች ፣ ግን ከኮመንዌልዝ ፣ በተለይም ከህንድ ንዑስ አህጉር። ከ1970ዎቹ ጀምሮ ከማኑፋክቸሪንግ የራቀ ትልቅ እንቅስቃሴ እና ለአገልግሎት ኢንዱስትሪው ትኩረት እየጨመረ መጥቷል። እንደ ዩናይትድ ኪንግደም አካል ፣ አካባቢው የአውሮፓ ህብረት የሆነውን የአውሮፓ ኢኮኖሚ ማህበረሰብ የተባለውን የጋራ የገበያ ተነሳሽነት ተቀላቀለ። ከ 20 ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን መገባደጃ ጀምሮ የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም አስተዳደር በስኮትላንድ ፣ ዌልስ እና ሰሜን አየርላንድ ውስጥ ወደ ተከፋፈለ አስተዳደር ተንቀሳቅሷል። እንግሊዝ እና ዌልስ በዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ውስጥ እንደ ስልጣን መኖራቸውን ቀጥለዋል። የስልጣን ሽግግር የበለጠ እንግሊዘኛ-ተኮር ማንነት እና የሀገር ፍቅር ላይ የበለጠ ትኩረትን አበረታቷል። የተወከለ የእንግሊዝ መንግስት የለም፣ ነገር ግን በክፍለ-ግዛት ተመሳሳይ ስርዓት ለመፍጠር የተደረገ ሙከራ በህዝበ ውሳኔ ውድቅ ተደርጓል።</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="አስተዳደር"><span id=".E1.8A.A0.E1.88.B5.E1.89.B0.E1.8B.B3.E1.8B.B0.E1.88.AD"></span>አስተዳደር</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="አስተዳደር ክፍልን ለማስተካከል" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ለማስተካከል</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ፖለቲካ"><span id=".E1.8D.96.E1.88.88.E1.89.B2.E1.8A.AB"></span>ፖለቲካ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ፖለቲካ ክፍልን ለማስተካከል" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ለማስተካከል</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_Feb_2007.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_Feb_2007.jpg/220px-Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_Feb_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="1261"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 87px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_Feb_2007.jpg/220px-Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_Feb_2007.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="87" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_Feb_2007.jpg/330px-Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_Feb_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_Feb_2007.jpg/440px-Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_Feb_2007.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> የዌስትሚኒስተር ቤተ መንግሥት፣ የሁለቱም ምክር ቤቶች መቀመጫ </figcaption> </figure> <p>እንግሊዝ የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም አካል ነች፣ ሕገ መንግሥታዊ ንጉሣዊ ሥርዓት ያለው ፓርላሜንታዊ ሥርዓት ያለው ነው። ከ1707 ጀምሮ የእንግሊዝ መንግሥት አልነበረም፣ የኅብረት ሥራ 1707 የሕብረት ውልን ተግባራዊ በማድረግ፣ እንግሊዝንና ስኮትላንድን ተቀላቅላለች። የታላቋ ብሪታንያ መንግሥት ይመሰርታሉ። ከህብረቱ በፊት እንግሊዝ የምትመራው በንጉሷ እና በእንግሊዝ ፓርላማ ነበር። ዛሬ እንግሊዝ የምትተዳደረው በእንግሊዝ ፓርላማ ነው፣ ምንም እንኳን ሌሎች የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ሀገራት ከስልጣን መውረድ አለባቸው። በዌስትሚኒስተር ቤተ መንግሥት የሚገኘው የእንግሊዝ ፓርላማ የታችኛው ምክር ቤት በእንግሊዝ ውስጥ ከ650 ድምር ውስጥ 532 የፓርላማ አባላት (MPs) አባላት አሉ። እ.ኤ.አ. በ 2019 የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም አጠቃላይ ምርጫ እንግሊዝ በ345 የፓርላማ አባላት ከኮንሰርቫቲቭ ፓርቲ ፣ 179 ከሌበር ፓርቲ ፣ ሰባት ከሊበራል ዴሞክራቶች ፣ አንድ ከአረንጓዴ ፓርቲ እና የምክር ቤቱ አፈ-ጉባኤ ሊንሳይ ሆዬል ተወክለዋል።</p> <p>ሌሎች የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም አገሮች - ስኮትላንድ፣ ዌልስ እና ሰሜን አየርላንድ - እያንዳንዱ የየራሳቸው የተወከለ ፓርላማ ወይም ጉባኤ ለአካባቢ ጉዳዮች ካላቸው የስልጣን ክፍፍል ወዲህ በእንግሊዝ ውስጥ ይህንን እንዴት ማመጣጠን እንደሚቻል ክርክር ተደርጓል። መጀመሪያ ላይ የተለያዩ የእንግሊዝ ክልሎች እንዲካለሉ ታቅዶ ነበር፣ ነገር ግን እ.ኤ.አ. በ2004 በተደረገው ህዝበ ውሳኔ በሰሜን ምስራቅ በኩል የቀረበው ሀሳብ ውድቅ ማድረጉን ተከትሎ ይህ አልተፈጸመም።</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:Royal_Courts_of_Justice_2019.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Royal_Courts_of_Justice_2019.jpg/220px-Royal_Courts_of_Justice_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4146" data-file-height="2764"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Royal_Courts_of_Justice_2019.jpg/220px-Royal_Courts_of_Justice_2019.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Royal_Courts_of_Justice_2019.jpg/330px-Royal_Courts_of_Justice_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Royal_Courts_of_Justice_2019.jpg/440px-Royal_Courts_of_Justice_2019.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> በዌልስ ላይ ስልጣን ያለው የእንግሊዝ ጠቅላይ ፍርድ ቤት </figcaption> </figure> <p>አንድ ትልቅ ጉዳይ ከስኮትላንድ እና ከዌልስ የመጡ የፓርላማ አባላት እንግሊዝን ብቻ በሚመለከት ህግ ላይ ድምጽ መስጠት የሚችሉበት የምዕራብ ሎቲያን ጥያቄ ሲሆን የእንግሊዝ ፓርላማ አባላት ደግሞ በተወካዮች ጉዳዮች ላይ ህግ የማውጣት እኩል መብት የላቸውም። ነፃ የካንሰር ህክምና፣ የመድሃኒት ማዘዣ፣ ለአረጋውያን የመኖሪያ ቤት እንክብካቤ እና የነፃ የዩኒቨርሲቲ ክፍያ የሌለባት የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ብቸኛ ሀገር እንግሊዝ በመሆኗ የእንግሊዝ ብሄረተኝነት የማያቋርጥ እድገት እንዲኖር አድርጓል። የተወከለ የእንግሊዝ ፓርላማ እንዲቋቋም ሀሳብ አቅርበዋል ፣ሌሎች ደግሞ እንግሊዝን የሚመለከተውን ህግ በእንግሊዝ የፓርላማ አባላት ብቻ እንዲገድቡ ሀሳብ አቅርበዋል ።</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ህግ"><span id=".E1.88.85.E1.8C.8D"></span>ህግ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ህግ ክፍልን ለማስተካከል" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ለማስተካከል</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>ባለፉት መቶ ዘመናት የተገነባው የእንግሊዝ ህግ የህግ ስርዓት በአብዛኛዎቹ የኮመንዌልዝ ሀገሮች እና ዩናይትድ ስቴትስ (ከሉዊዚያና በስተቀር) ጥቅም ላይ የሚውሉ የጋራ ህግ የህግ ስርዓቶች መሰረት ነው. ምንም እንኳን አሁን የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም አካል ቢሆንም፣ የእንግሊዝ እና የዌልስ ፍርድ ቤቶች የህግ ስርዓት በህብረት ስምምነት መሰረት በስኮትላንድ ውስጥ ጥቅም ላይ ከዋለ የተለየ የህግ ስርዓት ቀጥሏል። የእንግሊዘኛ ህግ አጠቃላይ ይዘት በፍርድ ቤት ውስጥ ተቀምጠው ዳኞች በፊታቸው ያሉትን እውነታዎች ላይ ያላቸውን የጋራ አስተሳሰብ እና የህግ ቅድመ ሁኔታ እውቀታቸውን ተግባራዊ በማድረግ የተሰራ መሆኑ ነው።</p> <p>የፍርድ ቤቱ ስርዓት በእንግሊዝ እና በዌልስ ከፍተኛ ፍርድ ቤቶች የሚመራ ሲሆን ይግባኝ ሰሚ ፍርድ ቤት ፣ የፍትሐ ብሔር ጉዳዮች ከፍተኛ ፍርድ ቤት እና የወንጀል ጉዳዮች የዘውድ ፍርድ ቤትን ያቀፈ ነው። የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ጠቅላይ ፍርድ ቤት በእንግሊዝ እና በዌልስ ውስጥ የወንጀል እና የፍትሐ ብሔር ጉዳዮች ከፍተኛው ፍርድ ቤት ነው። የተፈጠረው በ2009 ከሕገ መንግሥታዊ ለውጦች በኋላ የጌቶች ምክር ቤት የዳኝነት ተግባራትን ተረክቦ ነበር። የጠቅላይ ፍርድ ቤት ውሳኔ በሁሉም የሥልጣን ተዋረድ ውስጥ ባሉ ፍርድ ቤቶች ላይ ተፈጻሚነት አለው፣ ይህም መመሪያውን መከተል አለበት።</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:English_ceremonial_counties_1998_(named).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/English_ceremonial_counties_1998_%28named%29.svg/220px-English_ceremonial_counties_1998_%28named%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 267px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/English_ceremonial_counties_1998_%28named%29.svg/220px-English_ceremonial_counties_1998_%28named%29.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="267" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/English_ceremonial_counties_1998_%28named%29.svg/330px-English_ceremonial_counties_1998_%28named%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/English_ceremonial_counties_1998_%28named%29.svg/440px-English_ceremonial_counties_1998_%28named%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> የእንግሊዝ ትንንሽ ክልሎች በ1990ዎቹ </figcaption> </figure> <p>የውጭ ጉዳይ ሚኒስቴር የፍትህ ሚኒስትር በእንግሊዝ ውስጥ ለዳኝነት ፣ ለፍርድ ቤት ስርዓት እና ለእስር ቤቶች እና ለፈተናዎች ኃላፊነት ያለው ሚኒስትር ነው ። ወንጀል በ 1981 እና 1995 መካከል ጨምሯል ነገር ግን በ 1995-2006 በ 42% ቀንሷል ። የእስር ቤቱ ቁጥር በተመሳሳይ ጊዜ በእጥፍ ጨምሯል ፣ ይህም በምዕራብ አውሮፓ ከሚገኙት ከፍተኛ የእስር ቤት እስረኞች 147 ከ100,000 የግርማዊቷ ወህኒ ቤት አገልግሎት ፣ ለፍትህ ሚኒስቴር ሪፖርት በማድረግ ፣ ከ 85,000 በላይ እስረኞችን ይይዛል ።</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ኢኮኖሚ"><span id=".E1.8A.A2.E1.8A.AE.E1.8A.96.E1.88.9A"></span>ኢኮኖሚ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ኢኮኖሚ ክፍልን ለማስተካከል" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ለማስተካከል</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>የእንግሊዝ ኢኮኖሚ በዓለም ላይ ካሉት ትልቁ እና በጣም ተለዋዋጭ ከሚባሉት አንዱ ሲሆን አማካይ የሀገር ውስጥ ምርት በነፍስ ወከፍ £28,100 ነው። የግርማዊትነቷ ግምጃ ቤት፣ በቻንስለር ኦፍ ኤክስቼከር የሚመራ፣ የመንግስትን የህዝብ ፋይናንስ ፖሊሲ እና የኢኮኖሚ ፖሊሲ የማዘጋጀትና የማስፈጸም ኃላፊነት አለበት። ብዙውን ጊዜ እንደ ቅይጥ የገበያ ኢኮኖሚ ተቆጥሮ ብዙ የነፃ ገበያ መርሆችን ተቀብሏል፣ ነገር ግን የላቀ የማህበራዊ ደህንነት መሠረተ ልማትን ትጠብቃለች። በእንግሊዝ ውስጥ ያለው ኦፊሴላዊ ምንዛሪ ፓውንድ ስተርሊንግ ነው፣የ ISO 4217 ኮድ GBP ነው። በእንግሊዝ ያለው ግብር ከሌሎቹ የአውሮፓ ክፍሎች ጋር ሲወዳደር በጣም ፉክክር ነው - እ.ኤ.አ. በ 2014 የግል ታክስ መጠን 20% ታክስ ከሚከፈልበት ገቢ እስከ £31,865 ከግል ታክስ-ነጻ አበል (በተለምዶ £10,000) እና 40 ነው። ከዚህ መጠን በላይ በሆነ ተጨማሪ ገቢ %።</p> <p>የእንግሊዝ ኢኮኖሚ ትልቁ የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ኢኮኖሚ አካል ሲሆን ይህም በአለም ላይ 18ኛ ከፍተኛ የሀገር ውስጥ ምርት ፒ.ፒ.ፒ.ፒ. እንግሊዝ በኬሚካል እና ፋርማሲዩቲካል ዘርፎች እና በቁልፍ ቴክኒካል ኢንዱስትሪዎች በተለይም በኤሮስፔስ ፣ በጦር መሳሪያ ኢንዱስትሪ እና በሶፍትዌር ኢንዱስትሪው የማኑፋክቸሪንግ ዘርፍ መሪ ነች። የለንደን የስቶክ ልውውጥ መኖሪያ የሆነው ለንደን፣ የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ዋና የአክሲዮን ልውውጥ እና በአውሮፓ ትልቁ፣ የእንግሊዝ የፋይናንስ ማዕከል ሲሆን 100 የአውሮፓ 500 ትላልቅ ኮርፖሬሽኖች እዚያ ይገኛሉ።[158] ለንደን በአውሮፓ ውስጥ ትልቁ የፋይናንስ ማዕከል ነው, እና ከ 2014 ጀምሮ በዓለም ላይ ሁለተኛው ትልቁ ነው. ማንቸስተር ከለንደን ውጭ ትልቁ የፋይናንስ እና ሙያዊ አገልግሎት ዘርፍ ሲሆን የአውሮፓ መካከለኛ ደረጃ የግል ፍትሃዊነት ዋና ከተማ እንዲሁም በአውሮፓ እያደገ ካሉ የቴክኖሎጂ ማዕከሎች አንዱ ነው።</p> <p>በ1694 በስኮትላንዳዊ የባንክ ሰራተኛ ዊልያም ፓተርሰን የተመሰረተው የእንግሊዝ ባንክ የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ማዕከላዊ ባንክ ነው። በመጀመሪያ ለእንግሊዝ መንግስት የግል ባንክ ሰራተኛ ሆኖ የተቋቋመ፣ ከ1946 ጀምሮ የመንግስት ተቋም ነው። ምንም እንኳን በሌሎች የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ክፍሎች ባይሆንም በእንግሊዝ እና በዌልስ የባንክ ኖቶች ጉዳይ ላይ ባንኩ በብቸኝነት ይይዛል። መንግስት የሀገሪቱን የገንዘብ ፖሊሲ የማስተዳደር እና የወለድ ምጣኔን የማዘጋጀት ሃላፊነትን ለባንኩ የገንዘብ ፖሊሲ ኮሚቴ ሰጥቷል።</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:Royal_wave_Queen%27s_Car.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Royal_wave_Queen%27s_Car.jpg/220px-Royal_wave_Queen%27s_Car.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Royal_wave_Queen%27s_Car.jpg/220px-Royal_wave_Queen%27s_Car.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Royal_wave_Queen%27s_Car.jpg/330px-Royal_wave_Queen%27s_Car.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Royal_wave_Queen%27s_Car.jpg/440px-Royal_wave_Queen%27s_Car.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> ንግስቲቱ በቤንትሌይ የብሪታንያ መኪና በተለይም የእንግሊዝ ኩባንያ ታየች። </figcaption> </figure> <p>እንግሊዝ በጣም በኢንዱስትሪ የበለፀገች ነች ፣ ግን ከ 1970 ዎቹ ጀምሮ በባህላዊ ከባድ እና የማኑፋክቸሪንግ ኢንዱስትሪዎች ውስጥ እየቀነሰ መጥቷል ፣ እና የበለጠ የአገልግሎት ኢንዱስትሪ ተኮር ኢኮኖሚ ላይ ትኩረት እየጨመረ ነው። ቱሪዝም ጉልህ ኢንዱስትሪ ሆኗል ፣ በየዓመቱ በሚሊዮን የሚቆጠሩ ጎብኚዎችን ወደ እንግሊዝ ይስባል። የኤኮኖሚው የኤክስፖርት ክፍል በፋርማሲዩቲካል፣ በመኪናዎች (ምንም እንኳን ብዙ የእንግሊዝ ማርኮች በአሁኑ ጊዜ እንደ ላንድ ሮቨር፣ ሎተስ፣ ጃጓር እና ቤንትሌይ ያሉ የውጭ ይዞታዎች ቢሆኑም)፣ ከሰሜን ባህር ዘይት የእንግሊዝ ክፍል ድፍድፍ ዘይትና ፔትሮሊየም ከዊች ጋር ተያይዘዋል። የእርሻ, የአውሮፕላን ሞተሮች እና የአልኮል መጠጦች. የፈጠራ ኢንዱስትሪዎቹ በ 2005 7 በመቶ የ GVA ን ይዘዋል እና በ 1997 እና 2005 መካከል በአመት በአማካይ 6 በመቶ አድገዋል.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:London_Skyline_(125508655).jpeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/London_Skyline_%28125508655%29.jpeg/220px-London_Skyline_%28125508655%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/London_Skyline_%28125508655%29.jpeg/220px-London_Skyline_%28125508655%29.jpeg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/London_Skyline_%28125508655%29.jpeg/330px-London_Skyline_%28125508655%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/London_Skyline_%28125508655%29.jpeg/440px-London_Skyline_%28125508655%29.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> የለንደን ከተማ የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም የፋይናንስ ዋና ከተማ እና በዓለም ላይ ካሉት ትላልቅ የፋይናንስ ማዕከሎች አንዱ ነው </figcaption> </figure> <p>አብዛኛው የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም የ30 ቢሊየን ፓውንድ የኤሮስፔስ ኢንዱስትሪ በዋነኛነት የተመሰረተው በእንግሊዝ ነው። በሚቀጥሉት ሁለት አስርት ዓመታት ውስጥ የዩኬ የአየር ጠፈር አምራቾች የአለም አቀፍ የገበያ እድል 3.5 ትሪሊዮን ፓውንድ ይገመታል። GKN ኤሮስፔስ - የብረታ ብረት እና የተዋሃዱ የአየር ማቀነባበሪያዎች ባለሙያ በሁሉም የሲቪል እና ወታደራዊ ቋሚ እና ሮታሪ ክንፍ አውሮፕላኖች ውስጥ ይሳተፋሉ ሬዲችBAE ሲስተምስ የሳምልስበሪ ንዑስ-ስብሰባ ፋብሪካ ላይ የታይፎን ዩሮ ተዋጊን ትላልቅ ክፍሎችን ይሠራል እና አውሮፕላኑን ለ RAF በ ፕሪስተን አቅራቢያ በሚገኘው በዋርተን ፋብሪካው ይሰበስባል። እንዲሁም በF35 Joint Strike Fighter ላይ ዋና ንዑስ ተቋራጭ ነው - የአለም ትልቁ ነጠላ የመከላከያ ፕሮጀክት - ለሱም የተለያዩ ክፍሎችን በመንደፍ የሚያመርት ሲሆን ይህም የአፍ ፊውሌጅ፣ ቋሚ እና አግድም ጅራት እና ክንፍ ምክሮች እና የነዳጅ ስርዓት። በተጨማሪም ሃውክ የተባለውን የአለማችን ስኬታማ የጄት ማሰልጠኛ አውሮፕላኖችን ያመርታል።</p> <p>ሮልስ ሮይስ ኃ.የተ.የግ.ማ. የዓለማችን ሁለተኛው ትልቁ የኤሮ-ሞተር አምራች ነው። የእሱ ሞተሮች ከ 30 በላይ የንግድ አውሮፕላኖችን ያመነጫሉ, እና በሲቪል እና በመከላከያ ሴክተሮች ውስጥ በአሁኑ ጊዜ ከ 30,000 በላይ ሞተሮች አሉት. ከ12,000 በላይ የሰው ሃይል ያለው፣ ደርቢ በዩኬ ውስጥ ትልቁ የሮልስ ሮይስ ሰራተኞች ስብስብ አለው። ሮልስ-ሮይስ ለመርከቦች ዝቅተኛ ልቀት የኃይል ስርዓቶችን ያመነጫል; ለኒውክሌር ኢንዱስትሪ ወሳኝ መሳሪያዎችን እና የደህንነት ስርዓቶችን ይሠራል እና የባህር ላይ መድረኮችን እና ለዘይት እና ጋዝ ኢንዱስትሪ ዋና ዋና የቧንቧ መስመሮችን ያበረታታል. የፋርማሲዩቲካል ኢንዱስትሪው በኢኮኖሚው ውስጥ ትልቅ ሚና ይጫወታል፣ እና እንግሊዝ ከአለም አቀፍ የመድኃኒት R&D ወጪዎች ሶስተኛው ከፍተኛ ድርሻ አላት።</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://am-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:London_Skyline_from_Waterloo_Bridge,_London,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/London_Skyline_from_Waterloo_Bridge%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/220px-London_Skyline_from_Waterloo_Bridge%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="2213"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 108px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/London_Skyline_from_Waterloo_Bridge%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/220px-London_Skyline_from_Waterloo_Bridge%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="108" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/London_Skyline_from_Waterloo_Bridge%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/330px-London_Skyline_from_Waterloo_Bridge%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/London_Skyline_from_Waterloo_Bridge%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/440px-London_Skyline_from_Waterloo_Bridge%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> ለንደን ስካይላይን ከዋተርሉ ድልድይ </figcaption> </figure> <p>አብዛኛው የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም የጠፈር ኢንዱስትሪ በ EADS Astrium ላይ ያተኮረ ነው፣ የተመሰረተው በስቲቨንጌ እና ፖርትስማውዝ ነው። ኩባንያው አውቶቡሶቹን ይገነባል - የመጫኛ እና የማስተላለፊያ ስርዓቶች የተገነቡበት ዋናው መዋቅር - ለአብዛኞቹ የአውሮፓ ጠፈር ኤጀንሲ የጠፈር መንኮራኩሮች እና የንግድ ሳተላይቶች። የታመቀ የሳተላይት ሲስተሞች የአለም መሪ የሱሪ ሳተላይት ቴክኖሎጂ የአስትሪየም አካል ነው። Reaction Engines Limited፣ ስካይሎንን ለመገንባት ያቀደው ኩባንያ፣ ነጠላ-ደረጃ-ወደ-ምህዋር ያለው የጠፈር አውሮፕላን፣ የ SABER ሮኬት ሞተራቸውን በመጠቀም፣ ጥምር ዑደት እና የአየር መተንፈሻ የሮኬት ፕሮፐልሽን ሲስተም ኩልሃም ነው። የዩናይትድ ኪንግደም የጠፈር ኢንዱስትሪ በ2011 £9.1bn እና 29,000 ሰዎችን ቀጥሯል። እንደ ጃንጥላ ድርጅቱ የዩኬ የጠፈር ኤጀንሲ እንደገለጸው በየዓመቱ በ7.5 በመቶ እያደገ ነው። እ.ኤ.አ. በ 2013 የብሪቲሽ መንግስት ለስካይሎን ፕሮጀክት 60 ሚሊዮን ፓውንድ ገብቷል፡ ይህ ኢንቬስትመንት የ SABER ሞተር ሙሉ መጠን ያለው ሞዴል እንዲገነባ በ"ወሳኝ ደረጃ" ላይ ድጋፍ ያደርጋል።</p> <p>ግብርናው የተጠናከረ፣ በከፍተኛ ሜካናይዜድ እና በአውሮፓ ደረጃዎች ቀልጣፋ፣ 60% የምግብ ፍላጎትን በ2% የሰው ሃይል በማምረት ውጤታማ ነው። ሁለት ሦስተኛው ምርት ለከብት እርባታ፣ ሌላኛው ለእርሻ የሚውል ሰብል ነው። የሚበቅሉት ዋና ሰብሎች ስንዴ, ገብስ, አጃ, ድንች, ስኳር ቢት ናቸው. የዓሣ ማጥመድ ኢንዱስትሪ በጣም የቀነሰ ቢሆንም እንግሊዝ ትልቅ ቦታ ይዛለች። የመርከቦቹ መርከቦች ከሶል እስከ ሄሪንግ ድረስ ያሉትን ሁሉንም ዓይነት ዓሦች ወደ ቤት ያመጣሉ ። በተጨማሪም የድንጋይ ከሰል፣ፔትሮሊየም፣ የተፈጥሮ ጋዝ፣ ቆርቆሮ፣ የኖራ ድንጋይ፣ የብረት ማዕድን፣ ጨው፣ ሸክላ፣ ኖራ፣ ጂፕሰም፣ እርሳስ እና ሲሊካ ባሉ የተፈጥሮ ሃብቶች የበለፀገ ነው።</p>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> ከ «<a dir="ltr" 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minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D0%25B7%25D1%2582%25D3%2599%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Англызтәыла – አብሐዚኛ" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Англызтәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="አብሐዚኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggr%25C3%25A9h" title="Inggréh – አቻይንኛ" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Inggréh" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="አቻይንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5" title="Англие – አድይግሄ" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Англие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="አድይግሄ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland – አፍሪካንኛ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Engeland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="አፍሪካንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – ስዊዝ ጀርመንኛ" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ስዊዝ ጀርመንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra – አራጎንስ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="አራጎንስ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englaland" title="Englaland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Englaland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingilan" title="Ingilan – ኦቦሎ" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ingilan" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="ኦቦሎ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="इंग्लैंड – አንጊካ" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="इंग्लैंड" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="አንጊካ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ምርጥ ፅሑፎች"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A5%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7" title="إنجلترا – ዓረብኛ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنجلترا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ዓረብኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2586%25DD%25A3%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2" title="النݣليز – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="النݣليز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7" title="انجلترا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انجلترا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%2582%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25A3%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A1" title="ইংলেণ্ড – አሳሜዝ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইংলেণ্ড" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="አሳሜዝ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – አስቱሪያንኛ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="አስቱሪያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engla" title="Engla – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Engla" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="इंग्लैण्ड – አዋድሂ" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="इंग्लैण्ड" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="አዋድሂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlispampa" title="Inlispampa – አያማርኛ" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Inlispampa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="አያማርኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0ngilt%25C9%2599r%25C9%2599" title="İngiltərə – አዘርባጃንኛ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İngiltərə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="አዘርባጃንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3" title="اینگیلیس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینگیلیس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – ባስኪርኛ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ባስኪርኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – ባሊኔስ" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="ባሊኔስ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – ባቫሪያን" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="ባቫሪያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongl%25C4%2597j%25C4%2597" title="Onglėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Onglėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggeris" title="Inggeris – ባታካ ቶባ" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="ባታካ ቶባ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Англія – ቤላራሻኛ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Англія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ቤላራሻኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%2588%25D1%2587%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Ангельшчына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ангельшчына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – ቤታዊ" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="ቤታዊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – ቡልጋሪኛ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ቡልጋሪኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="इंग्लैंड – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इंग्लैंड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2591%25E1%2580%25AE" title="အိန်းကလန်ခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အိန်းကလန်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%2582%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A1" title="ইংল্যান্ড – ቤንጋሊኛ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইংল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ቤንጋሊኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro-Saoz" title="Bro-Saoz – ብሬቶንኛ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bro-Saoz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ብሬቶንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleska" title="Engleska – ቦስኒያንኛ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Engleska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ቦስኒያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggeris" title="Inggeris – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8" title="Англи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Англи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra – ካታላንኛ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ካታላንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25ACng-g%25C3%25A1ik-l%25C3%25A0ng" title="Ĭng-gáik-làng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ĭng-gáik-làng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2581" title="Ингалс – ችችን" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ингалс" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ችችን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – ሴብዋኖ" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="ሴብዋኖ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25DB%2595%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7" title="ئینگلتەرا – የሶራኒ ኩርድኛ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئینگلتەرا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="የሶራኒ ኩርድኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilterra" title="Inghilterra – ኮርሲካኛ" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Inghilterra" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="ኮርሲካኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglie" title="Anglie – ቼክኛ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anglie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ቼክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8" title="Англи – ቹቫሽኛ" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Англи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ቹቫሽኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloegr" title="Lloegr – ዌልሽ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lloegr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ዌልሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – ዴኒሽ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ዴኒሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – ጀርመንኛ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ጀርመንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0ng%25C4%25B1ltere" title="İngıltere – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İngıltere" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska – የታችኛው ሶርቢያኛ" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Engelska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="የታችኛው ሶርቢያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – ሴንተራል ዱሰን" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="ሴንተራል ዱሰን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2599%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="इङ्ल्याण्ड – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="इङ्ल्याण्ड" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2587%25DE%25A8%25DE%2582%25DE%258E%25DE%25A8%25DE%2583%25DE%25AD%25DE%2590%25DE%25A8%25DE%2588%25DE%25A8%25DE%258D%25DE%25A7%25DE%258C%25DE%25B0" title="އިނގިރޭސިވިލާތް – ዲቬሂ" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިނގިރޭސިވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="ዲቬሂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2591%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B3%25CE%25BB%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Αγγλία – ግሪክኛ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αγγλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ግሪክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilt%25C3%25A8ra" title="Inghiltèra – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Inghiltèra" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – እንግሊዝኛ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="እንግሊዝኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglio" title="Anglio – ኤስፐራንቶ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anglio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ኤስፐራንቶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – ስፓኒሽ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ስፓኒሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglismaa" title="Inglismaa – ኢስቶኒያንኛ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Inglismaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ኢስቶኒያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingalaterra" title="Ingalaterra – ባስክኛ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ingalaterra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ባስክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingalaterra" title="Ingalaterra – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ingalaterra" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="انگلستان – ፐርሺያኛ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انگلستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ፐርሺያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englanti" title="Englanti – ፊንላንድኛ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Englanti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ፊንላንድኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%25C3%25BCsmaa" title="Inglüsmaa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Inglüsmaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peretania" title="Peretania – ፊጂኛ" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Peretania" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="ፊጂኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongland" title="Ongland – ፋሮኛ" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ongland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ፋሮኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angleterre" title="Angleterre – ፈረንሳይኛ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Angleterre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ፈረንሳይኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angllet%25C3%25A8rra" title="Anglletèrra – አርፒታን" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Anglletèrra" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="አርፒታን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingelun" title="Ingelun – ሰሜናዊ ፍሪስያን" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ingelun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ሰሜናዊ ፍሪስያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingletiere" title="Ingletiere – ፍሩሊያን" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ingletiere" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ፍሩሊያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingel%25C3%25A2n" title="Ingelân – ምዕራባዊ ፍሪሲኛ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ingelân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ምዕራባዊ ፍሪሲኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasana" title="Sasana – አየርላንድኛ" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sasana" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="አየርላንድኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langl%25C3%25A9t%25C3%25A8" title="Langlétè – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Langlétè" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasainn" title="Sasainn – የስኮትላንድ ጌይሊክ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sasainn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="የስኮትላንድ ጌይሊክ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – ጋሊሺያንኛ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ጋሊሺያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%258A%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3" title="اينگيليس – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اينگيليس" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingyat%25C3%25A9rra" title="Ingyatérra – ጓራኒኛ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ingyatérra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ጓራኒኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="इंग्लंड – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="इंग्लंड" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enggeleti" title="Enggeleti – ጎሮንታሎ" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Enggeleti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="ጎሮንታሎ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25B2%25F0%2590%258C%25B2%25F0%2590%258C%25B9%25F0%2590%258C%25BB%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25BB%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25BD%25F0%2590%258C%25B3" title="𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sostyn" title="Sostyn – ማንክስ" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Sostyn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="ማንክስ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingila" title="Ingila – ሃውሳኛ" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ingila" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ሃውሳኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – ሃካ ቻይንኛ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ሃካ ቻይንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CA%25BBEnelani" title="ʻEnelani – ሃዊያኛ" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻEnelani" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="ሃዊያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%2592%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="אנגליה – ዕብራይስጥ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנגליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ዕብራይስጥ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="इंग्लैण्ड – ሕንድኛ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इंग्लैण्ड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ሕንድኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleska" title="Engleska – ክሮሽያንኛ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Engleska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ክሮሽያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jend%25C5%25BAelska" title="Jendźelska – የላይኛው ሶርቢያንኛ" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jendźelska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="የላይኛው ሶርቢያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglet%25C3%25A8" title="Angletè – ሃይትኛ ክሮሌ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Angletè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ሃይትኛ ክሮሌ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – ሀንጋሪኛ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ሀንጋሪኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A3%25D5%25AC%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Անգլիա – አርሜንኛ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անգլիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="አርሜንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A3%25D5%25AC%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Անգլիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Անգլիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra – ኢንቴርሊንጓ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ኢንቴርሊንጓ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – ኢንዶኔዥያኛ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ኢንዶኔዥያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – እንተርሊንግወ" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="እንተርሊንግወ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – ኢሎኮ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ኢሎኮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D1%258C%25D0%25B5" title="Ингалсехье – ኢንጉሽ" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ингалсехье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ኢንጉሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – ኢዶ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ኢዶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – አይስላንድኛ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="አይስላንድኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilterra" title="Inghilterra – ጣሊያንኛ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Inghilterra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ጣሊያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25A4%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25B0%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%2589" title="イングランド – ጃፓንኛ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イングランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ጃፓንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingglan" title="Ingglan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ingglan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – ጃቫኛ" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ጃቫኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2598" title="ინგლისი – ጆርጂያንኛ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინგლისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ጆርጂያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angliya" title="Angliya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Angliya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legliz" title="Legliz – ካብይል" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Legliz" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="ካብይል" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%25C5%258Bg%25C9%25A9l%25C9%25A9t%25C9%259B%25C9%259Br%25C9%25A9" title="Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nggi%25CC%25B1lan" title="Nggi̱lan – ታያፕ" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Nggi̱lan" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="ታያፕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngeretha" title="Ngeretha – ኪኩዩ" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Ngeretha" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="ኪኩዩ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – ካዛክኛ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ካዛክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%25A2%25E1%259E%2584%25E1%259F%258B%25E1%259E%2582%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259B%25E1%259F%2581%25E1%259E%259F" title="អង់គ្លេស – ክመር" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អង់គ្លេស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ክመር" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2587%25E0%25B2%2582%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B3%2586%25E0%25B2%2582%25E0%25B2%25A1%25E0%25B3%258D" title="ಇಂಗ್ಲೆಂಡ್ – ካናዳ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಂಗ್ಲೆಂಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ካናዳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%259E%2589%25EA%25B8%2580%25EB%259E%259C%25EB%2593%259C" title="잉글랜드 – ኮሪያኛ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="잉글랜드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ኮሪያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2590%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25D9%2590%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="اِنگلِستان – ካሽሚርኛ" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اِنگلِستان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="ካሽሚርኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Englistan" title="Înglistan – ኩርድሽ" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Înglistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ኩርድሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Sows" title="Pow Sows – ኮርኒሽ" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Sows" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="ኮርኒሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – ክይርግይዝ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ክይርግይዝ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – ላቲንኛ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ላቲንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – ላዲኖ" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ላዲኖ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – ሉክሰምበርግኛ" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ሉክሰምበርግኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – ሌዝጊያን" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="ሌዝጊያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeland" title="Ingeland – ሊምቡርጊሽ" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ingeland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ሊምቡርጊሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilt%25C3%25A6ra" title="Inghiltæra – ሊጓሪያኛ" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Inghiltæra" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ሊጓሪያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nghiltiera" title="Nghiltiera – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Nghiltiera" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilt%25C3%25A8ra" title="Inghiltèra – ሎምባርድኛ" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Inghiltèra" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ሎምባርድኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ing%25C9%259Blandi" title="Ingɛlandi – ሊንጋላ" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ingɛlandi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="ሊንጋላ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%259B%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%2597%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BA%25AD%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BA%2587%25E0%25BA%2581%25E0%25BA%25B4%25E0%25BA%2594" title="ປະເທດອັງກິດ – ላኦኛ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດອັງກິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ላኦኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglija" title="Anglija – ሊቱዌንያኛ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anglija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ሊቱዌንያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglija" title="Anglija – ላትቪያኛ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Anglija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ላትቪያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2599%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="इङ्ल्यान्ड – ማይቲሊ" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इङ्ल्यान्ड" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="ማይቲሊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angletera" title="Angletera – ማላጋስይ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Angletera" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ማላጋስይ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingarangi" title="Ingarangi – ማኦሪ" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ingarangi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="ማኦሪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggirih" title="Inggirih – ሚናንግካባኡ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Inggirih" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="ሚናንግካባኡ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Англија – ሜቄዶንኛ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Англија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ሜቄዶንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2587%25E0%25B4%2582%25E0%25B4%2597%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B4%25A3%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%258D" title="ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട് – ማላያላም" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ማላያላም" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8" title="Англи – ሞንጎሊያኛ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Англи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ሞንጎሊያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%258F%25EA%25AF%25AA%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A6%25EA%25AF%259F" title="ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟ – ማኒፑሪ" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="ማኒፑሪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglet%25C9%259B%25C9%259Br%25C3%25A3" title="Angletɛɛrã – ሞሲ" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Angletɛɛrã" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="ሞሲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="इंग्लंड – ማራቲ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंग्लंड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ማራቲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – ማላይ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ማላይ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingilterra" title="Ingilterra – ማልቲዝኛ" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ingilterra" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="ማልቲዝኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra – ሚራንዴዝ" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="ሚራንዴዝ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B6" title="အင်္ဂလန်နိုင်ငံ – ቡርማኛ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်္ဂလန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ቡርማኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3" title="انگلیس – ማዛንደራኒ" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="انگلیس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="ማዛንደራኒ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngreterra" title="Ngreterra – ኒአፖሊታን" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ngreterra" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="ኒአፖሊታን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – የታችኛው ጀርመንኛ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="የታችኛው ጀርመንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelaand_(regio)" title="Engelaand (regio) – የታችኛው ሳክሰን" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Engelaand (regio)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="የታችኛው ሳክሰን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4" title="बेलायत – ኔፓሊኛ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बेलायत" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ኔፓሊኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – ኒአስ" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="ኒአስ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland – ደች" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Engeland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ደች" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – የኖርዌይ ናይኖርስክ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="የኖርዌይ ናይኖርስክ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – የኖርዌይ ቦክማል" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="የኖርዌይ ቦክማል" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angli%25C3%25A9t%25C3%25A8rre" title="Angliétèrre – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Angliétèrre" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eng%25C3%25AAlan%25C3%25AA" title="Engêlanê – ሰሜናዊ ሶቶ" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Engêlanê" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="ሰሜናዊ ሶቶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglat%25C3%25A8rra" title="Anglatèrra – ኦሲታን" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Anglatèrra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ኦሲታን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingilaandi" title="Ingilaandi – ኦሮሚኛ" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ingilaandi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ኦሮሚኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AC%2587%25E0%25AC%2582%25E0%25AC%25B2%25E0%25AC%25A3%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AC%25A1" title="ଇଂଲଣ୍ଡ – ኦዲያ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇଂଲଣ୍ଡ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ኦዲያ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581" title="Англис – ኦሴቲክ" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Англис" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ኦሴቲክ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2587%25E0%25A9%25B0%25E0%25A8%2597%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A9%2588%25E0%25A8%2582%25E0%25A8%25A1" title="ਇੰਗਲੈਂਡ – ፑንጃብኛ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇੰਗਲੈਂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ፑንጃብኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – ፓምፓንጋ" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="ፓምፓንጋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – ፓፒያሜንቶ" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="ፓፒያሜንቶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inguelti%25C3%25A8re" title="Ingueltière – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ingueltière" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglan" title="Inglan – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Inglan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – ፖሊሽ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ፖሊሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anghilt%25C3%25A8ra" title="Anghiltèra – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Anghiltèra" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="انگلستان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انگلستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AB%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="انګلستان – ፓሽቶ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انګلستان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ፓሽቶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – ፖርቹጋልኛ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ፖርቹጋልኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlispampa" title="Inlispampa – ኩዌቹዋ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inlispampa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ኩዌቹዋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engalterra" title="Engalterra – ሮማንሽ" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Engalterra" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="ሮማንሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – ሮማኒያኛ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ሮማኒያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – አሮማንያን" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="አሮማንያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – ራሽያኛ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ራሽያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D2%2591%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Анґлія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Анґлія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2599%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A5%258D" title="इङ्ग्लेण्ड् – ሳንስክሪት" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="इङ्ग्लेण्ड्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="ሳንስክሪት" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%259D%25E1%25B1%259E%25E1%25B1%25AE%25E1%25B1%25B1%25E1%25B1%25B0" title="ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ – ሳንታሊ" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="ሳንታሊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilterra" title="Inghilterra – ሳርዲንያን" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Inghilterra" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="ሳርዲንያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nglaterra" title="Nglaterra – ሲሲሊያንኛ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nglaterra" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ሲሲሊያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingland" title="Ingland – ስኮትስ" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ingland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ስኮትስ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25DA%258A" title="انگلينڊ – ሲንዲ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انگلينڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ሲንዲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engl%25C3%25A1nda" title="Englánda – ሰሜናዊ ሳሚ" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Englánda" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="ሰሜናዊ ሳሚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleska" title="Engleska – ሰርቦ-ክሮኤሽያኛ" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Engleska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="ሰርቦ-ክሮኤሽያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%25A2%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2587%25E1%2581%25B5%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2582%2585%25E1%2581%25BC%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2587" title="မိူင်းဢိင်ႇၵလႅၼ်ႇ – ሻን" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢိင်ႇၵလႅၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="ሻን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%2591%25E0%25B6%2582%25E0%25B6%259C%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25AD%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="එංගලන්තය – ሲንሃላ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එංගලන්තය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ሲንሃላ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicko" title="Anglicko – ስሎቫክኛ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Anglicko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ስሎቫክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglija" title="Anglija – ስሎቬንኛ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Anglija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ስሎቬንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2527Egelani" title="'Egelani – ሳሞኣን" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="'Egelani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="ሳሞኣን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%25C5%258Bland" title="Eŋland – ኢናሪ ሳሚ" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Eŋland" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="ኢናሪ ሳሚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingiriiska" title="Ingiriiska – ሱማልኛ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ingiriiska" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="ሱማልኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – አልባንያንኛ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="አልባንያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Енглеска – ሰርብያኛ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Енглеска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ሰርብያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngilandi" title="Ngilandi – ስዋቲ" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Ngilandi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="ስዋቲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelane" title="Engelane – ደቡባዊ ሶቶ" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Engelane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="ደቡባዊ ሶቶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2584nglound" title="Änglound – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Änglound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – ሱዳንኛ" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ሱዳንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – ስዊድንኛ" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ስዊድንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uingereza" title="Uingereza – ስዋሂሊኛ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uingereza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ስዋሂሊኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngland" title="Yngland – ሲሌሲያኛ" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Yngland" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="ሲሌሲያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2587%25E0%25AE%2599%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2581" title="இங்கிலாந்து – ታሚል" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இங்கிலாந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ታሚል" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%2587%25E0%25B0%2582%25E0%25B0%2597%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%2582%25E0%25B0%25A1%25E0%25B1%2581" title="ఇంగ్లాండు – ተሉጉ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇంగ్లాండు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ተሉጉ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – ቴተም" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="ቴተም" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD" title="Ингилистон – ታጂክ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ингилистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ታጂክ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A4%25E0%25B8%25A9" title="ประเทศอังกฤษ – ታይ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศอังกฤษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ታይ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angli%25C3%25BDa" title="Angliýa – ቱርክሜን" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Angliýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="ቱርክሜን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – ታጋሎገኛ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ታጋሎገኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingilt%25C9%2599r%25C9%2599" title="Ingiltərə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ingiltərə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CA%25BBIngilani" title="ʻIngilani – ቶንጋን" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻIngilani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="ቶንጋን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglan" title="Inglan – ቶክ ፒሲን" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Inglan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ቶክ ፒሲን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0ngiltere" title="İngiltere – ቱርክኛ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İngiltere" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ቱርክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – ጾንጋ" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="ጾንጋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – ታታር" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ታታር" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngyiresi" title="Ngyiresi – ትዊኛ" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Ngyiresi" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="ትዊኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – ቱቪንያንኛ" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="ቱቪንያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – ኡድሙርት" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="ኡድሙርት" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Англія – ዩክሬንኛ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Англія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ዩክሬንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="انگلستان – ኡርዱኛ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انگلستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ኡርዱኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angliya" title="Angliya – ኡዝቤክኛ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Angliya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ኡዝቤክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghiltera" title="Inghiltera – ቬነቲያንኛ" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Inghiltera" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="ቬነቲያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglii" title="Anglii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Anglii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anh" title="Anh – ቪየትናምኛ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ቪየትናምኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iengeland" title="Iengeland – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Iengeland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingl%25C3%25A4n" title="Linglän – ቮላፑክኛ" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Linglän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="ቮላፑክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglutere" title="Inglutere – ዋሎን" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Inglutere" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ዋሎን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – ዋራይ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ዋራይ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258B%25B1%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E5%2585%25B0" title="英格兰 – ዉ ቻይንኛ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="英格兰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ዉ ቻይንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENgilani" title="ENgilani – ዞሳኛ" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="ENgilani" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="ዞሳኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2598" title="ინგლისი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინგლისი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A0%25D7%2592%25D7%259C%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%2593" title="ענגלאנד – ይዲሽኛ" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ענגלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ይዲሽኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il%25E1%25BA%25B9%25CC%2580g%25E1%25BA%25B9%25CC%2580%25E1%25BA%25B9%25CC%2581s%25C3%25AC" title="Ilẹ̀gẹ̀ẹ́sì – ዮሩባዊኛ" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ilẹ̀gẹ̀ẹ́sì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ዮሩባዊኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iengeland" title="Iengeland – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Iengeland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258B%25B1%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E5%2585%25B0" title="英格兰 – ቻይንኛ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="英格兰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ቻይንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258B%25B1%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E8%2598%25AD" title="英格蘭 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="英格蘭" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eng-l%25C3%25A2n" title="Eng-lân – ሚን ኛን ቻይንኛ" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Eng-lân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="ሚን ኛን ቻይንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258B%25B1%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E8%2598%25AD" title="英格蘭 – ካንቶኒዝ" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="英格蘭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ካንቶኒዝ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INgilandi" title="INgilandi – ዙሉኛ" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INgilandi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="ዙሉኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-am.svg" alt="ውክፔዲያ" width="120" height="25" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.5625em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">ይህ ገጽ መጨረሻ የተቀየረው እ.ኣ.አ በ07:19፣ 11 ኖቬምበር 2022 ዓ.ም. ነበር።</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" 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