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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Chad </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_Republic_of_Congo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Democratic Republic of Congo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democratic_Republic_of_Congo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_Congo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_Congo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Republic of Congo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_Congo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equatorial_Guinea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equatorial_Guinea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 Equatorial Guinea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equatorial_Guinea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethiopia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethiopia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 Ethiopia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethiopia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gabon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gabon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.11 Gabon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gabon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ghana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ghana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.12 Ghana </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ghana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guinea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guinea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.13 Guinea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guinea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guinea-Bissau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guinea-Bissau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.14 Guinea-Bissau </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guinea-Bissau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ivory_Coast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ivory_Coast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.15 Ivory Coast </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ivory_Coast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kenya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.16 Kenya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lesotho" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lesotho"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.17 Lesotho </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lesotho-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malawi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malawi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.18 Malawi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malawi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.19 Mali </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mauritius" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mauritius"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.20 Mauritius </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mauritius-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morocco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morocco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.21 Morocco </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morocco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mozambique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mozambique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.22 Mozambique </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mozambique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Namibia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namibia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.23 Namibia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namibia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.24 Niger </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.25 Nigeria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rwanda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rwanda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.26 Rwanda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rwanda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-São_Tomé_and_Príncipe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#São_Tomé_and_Príncipe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.27 São Tomé and Príncipe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-São_Tomé_and_Príncipe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senegal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senegal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.28 Senegal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senegal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seychelles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seychelles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.29 Seychelles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seychelles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Somalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Somalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.30 Somalia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Somalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.31 South Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sudan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sudan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.32 Sudan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sudan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swaziland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swaziland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.33 Swaziland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swaziland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tanzania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanzania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.34 Tanzania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanzania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Togo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Togo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.35 Togo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Togo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tunisia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tunisia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.36 Tunisia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tunisia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uganda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uganda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.37 Uganda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uganda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zambia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zambia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.38 Zambia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zambia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zimbabwe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zimbabwe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.39 Zimbabwe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zimbabwe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Asia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Asia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Asia subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Abkhazia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abkhazia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Abkhazia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abkhazia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Armenia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azerbaijan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azerbaijan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Azerbaijan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azerbaijan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahrain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahrain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Bahrain </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahrain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Bangladesh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brunei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brunei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Brunei </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brunei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Burma </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 Cyprus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Timor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Timor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.11 East Timor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Timor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Georgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.12 Georgia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.13 India </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.14 Indonesia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.15 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.16 Kazakhstan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kyrgyzstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kyrgyzstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.17 Kyrgyzstan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kyrgyzstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.18 Malaysia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mongolia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongolia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.19 Mongolia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongolia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nagorno-Karabakh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nagorno-Karabakh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.20 Nagorno-Karabakh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nagorno-Karabakh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nepal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nepal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.21 Nepal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nepal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.22 Pakistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.23 Palestine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.24 Philippines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia/Soviet_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia/Soviet_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.25 Russia/Soviet Union </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia/Soviet_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singapore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singapore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.26 Singapore </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singapore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sri_Lanka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sri_Lanka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.27 Sri Lanka </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sri_Lanka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tajikistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tajikistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.28 Tajikistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tajikistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.29 Thailand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.30 Turkey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkmenistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkmenistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.31 Turkmenistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkmenistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uzbekistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uzbekistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.32 Uzbekistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uzbekistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.33 Vietnam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yemen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.34 Yemen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yemen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Europe </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Europe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Europe subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Albania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Albania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belarus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belarus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Belarus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belarus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bosnia_and_Herzegovina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bulgaria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulgaria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Bulgaria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulgaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Croatia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czech_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czech_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Czech Republic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czech_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Estonia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Finland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 France </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Germany </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 Hungary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 Ireland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.13 Italy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kosovo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosovo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.14 Kosovo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosovo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latvia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latvia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.15 Latvia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latvia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lithuania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lithuania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.16 Lithuania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lithuania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luxembourg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luxembourg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.17 Luxembourg </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luxembourg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moldova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moldova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.18 Moldova </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moldova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monaco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monaco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.19 Monaco </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monaco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Montenegro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montenegro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.20 Montenegro </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montenegro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Macedonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Macedonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.21 North Macedonia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Macedonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.22 Norway </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.23 Poland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.24 Portugal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.25 Romania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.26 Serbia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovakia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovakia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.27 Slovakia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovakia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.28 Slovenia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transnistria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transnistria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.29 Transnistria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transnistria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.30 Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.31 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vatican_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vatican_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.32 Vatican City </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vatican_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 North America </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-North_America-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle North America subsection </button> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bahamas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahamas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Bahamas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahamas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barbados" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barbados"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Barbados </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barbados-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Belize </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bermuda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bermuda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Bermuda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bermuda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Costa_Rica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Costa_Rica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Costa Rica </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Costa_Rica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Cuba </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dominica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dominica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Dominica </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dominica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dominican_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dominican_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 Dominican Republic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dominican_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grenada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grenada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 Grenada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grenada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guatemala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guatemala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.11 Guatemala </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guatemala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jamaica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jamaica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.12 Jamaica </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jamaica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.13 Mexico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.14 Panama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Puerto_Rico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puerto_Rico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.15 Puerto Rico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puerto_Rico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.16 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Oceania </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Oceania subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Fiji </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nauru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nauru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Nauru </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nauru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 New Zealand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Palau </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papua_New_Guinea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papua_New_Guinea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Papua New Guinea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papua_New_Guinea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 South America </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-South_America-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle South America subsection </button> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Argentina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolivia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolivia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Bolivia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolivia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Brazil </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Chile </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guyana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guyana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Guyana </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guyana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Peru </div> 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race and/or ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_population_projections,_including_by_race_and/or_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic identity questions on national censuses</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnicity_and_race_in_censuses.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ethnicity_and_race_in_censuses.png/500px-Ethnicity_and_race_in_censuses.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ethnicity_and_race_in_censuses.png/750px-Ethnicity_and_race_in_censuses.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ethnicity_and_race_in_censuses.png/1000px-Ethnicity_and_race_in_censuses.png 2x" data-file-width="1336" data-file-height="626" /></a><figcaption>Map showing countries where the ethnicity or race of people was enumerated in at least one census since 1991 [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>]</figcaption></figure> Many <a href="/wiki/Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries">countries</a> and national <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">censuses</a> currently enumerate or have previously enumerated their <a href="/wiki/Populations" class="mw-redirect" title="Populations">populations</a> by <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_classification)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (human classification)">race</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnicity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nationality" title="Nationality">nationality</a>, or a combination of these characteristics.<a href="#cite_note-pbs-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Different countries have different classifications and census options for race and ethnicity/nationality which are not comparable with data from other countries.<a href="#cite_note-pbs-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> In addition, many of the race and ethnicity concepts that appear on national censuses worldwide have their origins in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> or in the views of <a href="/wiki/Europeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Europeans">Europeans</a>, rather than in the views of the locals of these countries.<a href="#cite_note-catdir-4">[4]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Africa">Africa</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Africa">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Angola">Angola</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Angola">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angola_Ethnic_map_1970.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Angola_Ethnic_map_1970.svg/100px-Angola_Ethnic_map_1970.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Angola_Ethnic_map_1970.svg/150px-Angola_Ethnic_map_1970.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Angola_Ethnic_map_1970.svg/200px-Angola_Ethnic_map_1970.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of Angola in 1970</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> asked about race in colonial censuses when they controlled Angola, and they provided three options: White, Mestiço, or African/Black. Africans had to then pick either "Assimilado" (assimilated) or "Indigenato" (indigenous).<a href="#cite_note-angola-5">[5]</a> Angola has not used any racial categories since its independence in 1975.<a href="#cite_note-angola-5">[5]</a> Tribe and language for Africans were recorded only in 1950 and 1960.<a href="#cite_note-angola-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Benin">Benin</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Benin">edit</a>]</div> The people in <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> were enumerated by ethnicity in 1979, 1992, and 2013 but not in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Botswana">Botswana</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Botswana">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> enumerated people by race in all censuses between 1904 and 1946, and again in the 1964 census (though not in 1956), but in no censuses after 1964.<a href="#cite_note-botswana-7">[7]</a> People were enumerated by language use in 1946 and 1956 and again in 2001 and 2011.<a href="#cite_note-botswana-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cape_Verde">Cape Verde</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cape Verde">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> enumerated its population by ethnicity in 1950.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_African_Republic">Central African Republic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Central African Republic">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a> enumerated its population by ethnicity in 1959/1960.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chad">Chad</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chad">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1993 and 2009.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic_Republic_of_Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Democratic Republic of Congo">edit</a>]</div> The people in the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a> were enumerated by ethnicity from 1955 to 1958.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_Congo">Republic of Congo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Republic of Congo">edit</a>]</div> The people in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Congo">Republic of Congo</a> were enumerated by ethnicity in 1960, 1974, and 1984.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equatorial_Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Equatorial Guinea">edit</a>]</div> The population of <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> was enumerated by ethnicity in 1950.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ethiopia">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1994 and in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gabon">Gabon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gabon">edit</a>]</div> The population of <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> was enumerated by ethnicity in 1960–1961 and 1993.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ghana">Ghana</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ghana">edit</a>]</div> The population of <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> was enumerated by ethnicity in 1960, 2000,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> and 2010.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guinea">Guinea</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Guinea">edit</a>]</div> The population of <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> was enumerated by ethnicity in 1955.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Guinea-Bissau">edit</a>]</div> The population of <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> was enumerated by ethnicity in 1950 and in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ivory_Coast">Ivory Coast</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ivory Coast">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IvoryCoastEthno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/IvoryCoastEthno.jpg/100px-IvoryCoastEthno.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/IvoryCoastEthno.jpg/150px-IvoryCoastEthno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/IvoryCoastEthno.jpg/200px-IvoryCoastEthno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2163" data-file-height="2438" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of the Ivory Coast (Note: the map is in French.)</figcaption></figure> The people of <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> were enumerated by ethnicity in 1948, 1957–1958, and 1988.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> The ethnicity data from 1957 to 1958 was only for the <a href="/wiki/Rural" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural">rural</a> areas of the country, though.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kenya">Kenya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Kenya">edit</a>]</div> Since 1945, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> enumerated people by ethnicity from 1948 all the way up to its most recent census in 2009 (however, the 1999 census ethnicity figures were not made public).<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> There were some concerns about asking an ethnicity equation in the 2009 census since it came just a year after the disputed Kenyan presidential election of 2007 and the riots that followed it, but Kenya went through with asking about ethnicity in 2009 anyway.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Balaton-Chrimes_Cooley_p=146879682110563-15">[15]</a> The number of ethnic categories and sub-categories recorded in the country's census has changed significantly over time, expanding from 42 in 1969 to more than 120 in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-Balaton-Chrimes2020-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lesotho">Lesotho</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Lesotho">edit</a>]</div> People in <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> were enumerated by race between 1904 and 1976, but not after 1976.<a href="#cite_note-lesotho-17">[17]</a> Language was only recorded in 1946 and 1956, tribe and language for Africans were recorded only in 1950 and 1960.<a href="#cite_note-lesotho-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malawi">Malawi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Malawi">edit</a>]</div> People in <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> were enumerated by race between 1911 and 1987, and again in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-malawi-18">[18]</a> They were enumerated by language only in 1966, 1998, and 2008.<a href="#cite_note-malawi-18">[18]</a> They were enumerated by tribal affiliation only in 1926, 1945, and 2008.<a href="#cite_note-malawi-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mali">Mali</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Mali">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> enumerated people in some parts of the country by ethnicity in 1950.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mauritius">Mauritius</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Mauritius">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> enumerated its population by ethnicity in 1952, 1962, and 1972.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morocco">Morocco</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Morocco">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volkeren_in_Marokko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Volkeren_in_Marokko.jpg/100px-Volkeren_in_Marokko.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Volkeren_in_Marokko.jpg/150px-Volkeren_in_Marokko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Volkeren_in_Marokko.jpg/200px-Volkeren_in_Marokko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>Ethnolinguistic composition of Morocco</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1950 and 1971.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> The 2014 census enumerated people by nationality.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mozambique">Mozambique</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Mozambique">edit</a>]</div> People in <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> were counted by race only in 1894, 1970, 1997, 2007, and 2017.<a href="#cite_note-mozambique-20">[20]</a> The race categories in Mozambique were the same ones as in Angola, due to both being controlled by Portugal before acquiring their independence.<a href="#cite_note-mozambique-20">[20]</a> People were counted by language in all censuses since 1940.<a href="#cite_note-mozambique-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Namibia">Namibia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Namibia">edit</a>]</div> People in <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> were enumerated by race in all 20th century censuses but not in the 2001 census. They were enumerated by language in all censuses since 1951.<a href="#cite_note-namibia-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Niger">Niger</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Niger">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1959/1960 and 2001.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Nigeria">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afro_asiatic_peoples_nigeria.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Afro_asiatic_peoples_nigeria.png/100px-Afro_asiatic_peoples_nigeria.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Afro_asiatic_peoples_nigeria.png/150px-Afro_asiatic_peoples_nigeria.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Afro_asiatic_peoples_nigeria.png/200px-Afro_asiatic_peoples_nigeria.png 2x" data-file-width="2846" data-file-height="2313" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of Nigeria</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1963.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> In addition, Nigeria has announced plans to enumerate its population by ethnicity in its 2016 census.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rwanda">Rwanda</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Rwanda">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> enumerated people by ethnicity from 1933/34 until 1991.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Due to the <a href="/wiki/1994_Rwandan_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="1994 Rwandan Genocide">1994 Rwandan Genocide</a> and the ethnic hatred and tensions that caused it, the Rwandan census of 2002 did not enumerate people by ethnicity.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="São_Tomé_and_Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: São Tomé and Príncipe">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> enumerated its population by ethnicity in 1950 and 1960.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senegal">Senegal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Senegal">edit</a>]</div> The people of <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> were enumerated by ethnicity in 1960–1961, 1988, and 2002.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seychelles">Seychelles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Seychelles">edit</a>]</div> The people of the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> were enumerated by ethnicity in 1947, 1987, and 1994.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Somalia">Somalia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Somalia">edit</a>]</div> In the pre-independence period in <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, the colonial administrations in <a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Somaliland" title="Italian Somaliland">Italian Somaliland</a> officially classified the <a href="/wiki/Somali_people" title="Somali people">ethnic Somali</a> majority within the two territories as "<a href="/wiki/Hamitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamitic">Hamitic</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Gbco-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Esoa-26">[26]</a> The Italian Somaliland census of 1935 reported that the remaining 6.2% of the area's population consisted of "<a href="/wiki/Negroid" title="Negroid">Negroid</a> groups", including the <a href="/wiki/Somali_Bantu" class="mw-redirect" title="Somali Bantu">Bantu</a> ethnic minorities inhabiting the southern riverine region.<a href="#cite_note-Kmbeiis-27">[27]</a> These census designations were at the time pre-assigned rather than based on self-reporting. Following independence in 1960, no official census was taken until 1975. This first post-independence national census only collected information on district of birth.<a href="#cite_note-Tmonps-28">[28]</a> However, the general government literature maintained that the country's ethnic Somali majority was of Hamitic stock, or alternately of <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> heritage.<a href="#cite_note-Tmoiang-29">[29]</a> Similarly, Article 3 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Somalia" title="Constitution of Somalia">Provision Constitution</a> adopted in 2012 indicates that Somalia is an Arab nation.<a href="#cite_note-Fgspc-30">[30]</a> In 2014, the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation also announced that it would release a new national population census before 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Sgtlpcaote-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: South Africa">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Population_Registration_Act,_1950" title="Population Registration Act, 1950">Population Registration Act, 1950</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa_2011_White_population_proportion_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/South_Africa_2011_White_population_proportion_map.svg/100px-South_Africa_2011_White_population_proportion_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/South_Africa_2011_White_population_proportion_map.svg/150px-South_Africa_2011_White_population_proportion_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/South_Africa_2011_White_population_proportion_map.svg/200px-South_Africa_2011_White_population_proportion_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Whites as a percentage of the total South African population in 2011</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> has enumerated people by race in all of its censuses since 1904.<a href="#cite_note-southafrica-32">[32]</a> Five population group options are provided in response to the question "How would (name) describe him/herself in terms of population group?": "Black African", "Coloured", "Indian or Asian", "White" and "Other".<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> South Africa has also asked about language use since 1921 for <a href="/wiki/White_South_African" class="mw-redirect" title="White South African">white South Africans</a> and since 1936 for all races.<a href="#cite_note-southafrica-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sudan">Sudan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sudan">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1956.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swaziland">Swaziland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Swaziland">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaziland">Swazi</a> census counted people by race in all censuses between 1904 and 1976.<a href="#cite_note-swazi-34">[34]</a> People were counted by ethnic group and tribe only in 1966 and 1976.<a href="#cite_note-swazi-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tanzania">Tanzania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Tanzania">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzanian</a> census enumerated people by race from colonial times until 1967, by ethnicity and tribe from colonial times until 1973. It enumerated people by language only in 1952 and 1958.<a href="#cite_note-tanzania-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Togo">Togo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Togo">edit</a>]</div> The people in <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> were enumerated by ethnicity in 1948, 1958–1960, and 1970.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tunisia">Tunisia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Tunisia">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1956.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uganda">Uganda</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Uganda">edit</a>]</div> The people of <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> were enumerated by ethnicity from 1948 all the way up to Uganda's most recent census in 2012,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> with the exception of 1980 and possibly 1969.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zambia">Zambia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Zambia">edit</a>]</div> People in <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> were not continuously counted by race before independence, and when they were counted by race it were primarily the non-Africans/non-blacks who were counted.<a href="#cite_note-zambia-38">[38]</a> People were counted by language only in 1931, while they were counted for ethnicity at various points since 1969.<a href="#cite_note-zambia-38">[38]</a> The 1969 census asked about language but not ethnic group, and the 1974 census asked about ethnic group, but not language. The 1980 census asked about ethnic group, mother tongue, and language of most frequent use, while the 1990 census asked about ethnic group and mother tongue. The 2000 census asked about ethnic group, language of most frequent use, and second language.<a href="#cite_note-zambia-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Zimbabwe">edit</a>]</div> People in <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> were enumerated by race between 1901 and 2012, but many censuses were done separately for Whites/Europeans and Blacks/Africans before the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-zimbabwe-39">[39]</a> People were enumerated by language only in 1982 (when they were enumerated by "[their] father's dialect").<a href="#cite_note-zimbabwe-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asia">Asia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Asia">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Abkhazia">edit</a>]</div> People in <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> (when it was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated by <a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">native tongue</a> <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> In addition to the Soviet Union enumerating people by ethnicity for its entire existence,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> the <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="International recognition of Abkhazia">partially recognized state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> also enumerated people by ethnicity in its post-Soviet censuses of 2003<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> and 2011.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Afghanistan">edit</a>]</div> Prior to 2010, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> had not held a census since 1979 due to the wars and conflicts that have occurred there over those three decades (since the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet invasion of Afghanistan">Soviet invasion of Afghanistan</a> in 1979).<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenia">Armenia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Armenia">edit</a>]</div> People in Armenia (when it was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated by native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> In addition to the Soviet Union enumerating people by ethnicity for its entire existence,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> also enumerated people by ethnicity in its post-Soviet censuses of 2001<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> and 2011.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Azerbaijan">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azerbaijan_ethnic_map_2024.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Azerbaijan_ethnic_map_2024.png/100px-Azerbaijan_ethnic_map_2024.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Azerbaijan_ethnic_map_2024.png/150px-Azerbaijan_ethnic_map_2024.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Azerbaijan_ethnic_map_2024.png/200px-Azerbaijan_ethnic_map_2024.png 2x" data-file-width="1356" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of Azerbaijan (2024, after the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">breakaway</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Nagorno-Karabakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh">Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Flight_of_Nagorno-Karabakh_Armenians" title="Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians">flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians</a> in 2023)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azerbaijan_ethnic_map_1994-2020.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Azerbaijan_ethnic_map_1994-2020.png/100px-Azerbaijan_ethnic_map_1994-2020.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Azerbaijan_ethnic_map_1994-2020.png/150px-Azerbaijan_ethnic_map_1994-2020.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Azerbaijan_ethnic_map_1994-2020.png/200px-Azerbaijan_ethnic_map_1994-2020.png 2x" data-file-width="1356" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of Azerbaijan (1994-2020, after the <a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a> and before the <a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a>)</figcaption></figure> People in Azerbaijan (when it was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated by native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> In addition to the Soviet Union enumerating people by ethnicity for its entire existence,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> also enumerated people by ethnicity in its post-Soviet censuses of 1999<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> and 2009.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahrain">Bahrain</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Bahrain">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1965<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> and 2010.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated10-50">[50]</a> The 2010 Bahrain census also enumerated people by their religious beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated10-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Bangladesh">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> (which Bangladesh was a part of) enumerated its population by race between 1872 and 1941.<a href="#cite_note-censusindia1-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brunei">Brunei</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Brunei">edit</a>]</div> Since 1945, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in all censuses since 1947.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burma">Burma</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Burma">edit</a>]</div> The people in <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> (also known as Myanmar) were enumerated by ethnicity in 1931,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated27-53">[53]</a> and 1953.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> A new census which plans to enumerate the people of Burma by ethnicity and race is planned to be held in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated27-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated26-54">[54]</a> The 1931 Burmese census generated a lot of anger from non-Burmese ethnic groups who were marked as Burmese on the census.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated27-53">[53]</a> There is hope that the scheduled <a href="/wiki/2014_Burma_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Burma Census">2014 Burma Census</a> will help empower the various ethnic groups in Burma.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated26-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: China">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnolinguistic_map_of_China_1983.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ethnolinguistic_map_of_China_1983.jpg/100px-Ethnolinguistic_map_of_China_1983.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ethnolinguistic_map_of_China_1983.jpg/150px-Ethnolinguistic_map_of_China_1983.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ethnolinguistic_map_of_China_1983.jpg/200px-Ethnolinguistic_map_of_China_1983.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Ethnolinguistic groups in China in 1983</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/The_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="The People's Republic of China">The People's Republic of China</a> <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_China" title="Demographics of China">counted people by ethnicity</a> since at least <a href="/wiki/First_National_Population_Census_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="First National Population Census of the People's Republic of China">1952</a> but does not count people by mother tongue.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyprus">Cyprus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Cyprus">edit</a>]</div> The people of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> were enumerated by ethnicity in 1960.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Timor">East Timor</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: East Timor">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> enumerated its population by ethnicity in 1950.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgia">Georgia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Georgia">edit</a>]</div> People in Georgia (when it was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated by native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> In addition to the Soviet Union enumerating people by ethnicity for its entire existence,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> also enumerated people by ethnicity in both post-Soviet censuses in 2002 and 2014.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: India">edit</a>]</div> When it was a <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British colony</a>, India enumerated its population by race between 1872 and 1941.<a href="#cite_note-censusindia1-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Indonesia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indonesia_Ethnic_Groups_Map_English.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Indonesia_Ethnic_Groups_Map_English.svg/100px-Indonesia_Ethnic_Groups_Map_English.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Indonesia_Ethnic_Groups_Map_English.svg/150px-Indonesia_Ethnic_Groups_Map_English.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Indonesia_Ethnic_Groups_Map_English.svg/200px-Indonesia_Ethnic_Groups_Map_English.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="215" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of Indonesia</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1930, 2000, and 2010 but not in any other censuses.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Israel">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arabs_Israel_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arabs_Israel_2018.png/100px-Arabs_Israel_2018.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arabs_Israel_2018.png/150px-Arabs_Israel_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arabs_Israel_2018.png/200px-Arabs_Israel_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="2269" /></a><figcaption>Arabs in Israel, by natural region, 2018</figcaption></figure> The census in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> directly asked people about their ethnicity only in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> However, Israel has used the religion question on its census to determine the ethnic composition of its population from 1948 to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Israel has enumerated <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Jews" title="Israeli Jews">its Jewish population</a> by their continent of birth since 1948.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Kazakhstan">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazakhstan_European_Rus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kazakhstan_European_Rus.png/100px-Kazakhstan_European_Rus.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kazakhstan_European_Rus.png/150px-Kazakhstan_European_Rus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kazakhstan_European_Rus.png/200px-Kazakhstan_European_Rus.png 2x" data-file-width="1601" data-file-height="1025" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Europeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Europeans">European ethnicities</a> as a percentage of the total population in Kazakhstan in 2022 (Note: map is in Russian.)</figcaption></figure> People in Kazakhstan (when it was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated by native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> In addition to the Soviet Union enumerating people by ethnicity for its entire existence,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> also enumerated people by ethnicity in its post-Soviet censuses of 1999<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> and 2009.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Kyrgyzstan">edit</a>]</div> People in Kyrgyzstan (when it was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated by native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> In addition to the Soviet Union enumerating people by ethnicity for its entire existence,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> also enumerated people by ethnicity in its post-Soviet censuses of 1999<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> and 2009.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Malaysia">edit</a>]</div> People in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> were enumerated by ethnicity/race from 1871 to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mongolia">Mongolia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Mongolia">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1963 and 2000.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Nagorno-Karabakh">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nagorno_Karabakh_Ethnic_Map_1989.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nagorno_Karabakh_Ethnic_Map_1989.png/100px-Nagorno_Karabakh_Ethnic_Map_1989.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nagorno_Karabakh_Ethnic_Map_1989.png/150px-Nagorno_Karabakh_Ethnic_Map_1989.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nagorno_Karabakh_Ethnic_Map_1989.png/200px-Nagorno_Karabakh_Ethnic_Map_1989.png 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="979" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of Nagorno Karabakh in 1989</figcaption></figure> People in Nagorno-Karabakh (when it was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated by native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> In addition to the Soviet Union enumerating people by ethnicity for its entire existence,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> the de facto independent state of <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a> also enumerated people by ethnicity in its only post-Soviet census of 2005.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nepal">Nepal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Nepal">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nepal_ethnic_groups.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Nepal_ethnic_groups.png/100px-Nepal_ethnic_groups.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Nepal_ethnic_groups.png/150px-Nepal_ethnic_groups.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Nepal_ethnic_groups.png/200px-Nepal_ethnic_groups.png 2x" data-file-width="1298" data-file-height="934" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of Nepal (Note that Kulu Rodu (Kulung) territories are mistakenly marked as Tamu/Gurung territories in this map.)</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1991 and 2001.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Pakistan">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> (which Pakistan was a part of) enumerated its population by race between 1872 and 1941.<a href="#cite_note-censusindia1-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestine">Palestine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Palestine">edit</a>]</div> The population in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> was enumerated by ethnicity in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Philippines">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peoples_of_the_Philippines_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Peoples_of_the_Philippines_en.svg/100px-Peoples_of_the_Philippines_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Peoples_of_the_Philippines_en.svg/150px-Peoples_of_the_Philippines_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Peoples_of_the_Philippines_en.svg/200px-Peoples_of_the_Philippines_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1846" data-file-height="2863" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of the Philippines in 2000</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> enumerated their population by ethnicity in 1948, 1970,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> 2000, and 2010. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia/Soviet_Union">Russia/Soviet Union</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Russia/Soviet Union">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_map_of_Russia_2010.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ethnic_map_of_Russia_2010.png/100px-Ethnic_map_of_Russia_2010.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ethnic_map_of_Russia_2010.png/150px-Ethnic_map_of_Russia_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ethnic_map_of_Russia_2010.png/200px-Ethnic_map_of_Russia_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1154" /></a><figcaption>Dominant ethnicity in each <a href="/wiki/Russian_oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian oblast">Russian oblast</a> in 2010</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> began counting people by native tongue with <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">its first modern census in 1897</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a> In 1920, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> replaced this question with a question about ethnicity.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The Soviet government organized lists of ethnicities and wanted to shape these various ethnic groups in the mold of <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated13-69">[69]</a> In the words of Soviet politician <a href="/wiki/Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Anastas Mikoyan</a>, the Soviet Union was "creating and organising new nations"<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated13-69">[69]</a> The government of the U.S.S.R. was eager to get ethnic data for many ethnic groups in order to create republics and autonomous regions for many of these ethnic groups and nationalities, and later on (under <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>) in order to deport some of them.<a href="#cite_note-slezkine-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-martin1998-71">[71]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> also wanted to get more support from ethnic minority groups within the Soviet Union, many of whom were previously oppressed under <a href="/wiki/Russian_Tsars" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Tsars">Tsarist</a> rule.<a href="#cite_note-martin1998-71">[71]</a> The Soviet Union continued to ask about ethnicity for the rest of its existence, and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> also asked about ethnicity in its two post-Soviet censuses of 2002 and 2010.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Unlike in 1989, the 2002 census did not require respondents to prove their ethnicity/nationality when they responded to this question.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> The number of ethnicity/nationality options available on Soviet censuses was enormous—the Soviet Union offered 194 different choices for ethnicity/nationality in its 1926 census.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-74">[74]</a> There were 97 options in 1939, 126 options in 1959, 122 options in 1970, 123 options in 1979, and 128 options for the Soviet Union in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-74">[74]</a> There were 192 ethnicity/nationality options for Russia in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singapore">Singapore</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Singapore">edit</a>]</div> The people in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> were numerated by ethnicity from at least 1947 up to the most recent Singaporean census in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sri_Lanka">Sri Lanka</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Sri Lanka">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Disputed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-disputed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/45px-System-search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/68px-System-search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/90px-System-search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's factual accuracy is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">disputed</a>. Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses#Disputed" title="Talk:Race and ethnicity in censuses">talk page</a>. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliably sourced</a>. (November 2019) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2019)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> enumerated its population by ethnicity in 1971, 1981, and 2012.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: Tajikistan">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tajikistan_ethnic_92.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tajikistan_ethnic_92.jpg/100px-Tajikistan_ethnic_92.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tajikistan_ethnic_92.jpg/150px-Tajikistan_ethnic_92.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tajikistan_ethnic_92.jpg/200px-Tajikistan_ethnic_92.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="1030" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of Tajikistan in 1992</figcaption></figure> People in Tajikistan (when it was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated by native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> In addition to the Soviet Union enumerating people by ethnicity for its entire existence,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> also enumerated people by ethnicity in its post-Soviet censuses in 2000 and 2010.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thailand">Thailand</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Thailand">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thailand_ethnic_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Thailand_ethnic_map.svg/100px-Thailand_ethnic_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Thailand_ethnic_map.svg/150px-Thailand_ethnic_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Thailand_ethnic_map.svg/200px-Thailand_ethnic_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1051" data-file-height="1849" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of Thailand in 1974</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Turkey">edit</a>]</div> Between 1881 and 1893 the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> implemented its first census, which enumerated the people in the empire by ethnicity.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated20-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated19-78">[78]</a> Some other censuses and studies were conducted in the Ottoman Empire for enumerating the population by ethnicity after the first Ottoman census.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated20-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated19-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Turkmenistan">edit</a>]</div> People in Turkmenistan (when it was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated by native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> In addition to the Soviet Union enumerating people by ethnicity for its entire existence,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> also enumerated people by ethnicity in its only post-Soviet census in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Uzbekistan">edit</a>]</div> People in <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> (when it was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated by native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> The Soviet Union (to which Uzbekistan also belonged) enumerated people by ethnicity for its entire existence.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> Uzbekistan has not conducted any censuses at all since 1989.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnam">Vietnam</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Vietnam">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1960, when Vietnam was still divided into two countries.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-81">[81]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_reunification" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese reunification">Vietnamese reunification</a>, Vietnam enumerated its population by ethnicity from 1979 up to the most recent census in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yemen">Yemen</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: Yemen">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg/100px-Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg/150px-Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg/200px-Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="951" data-file-height="985" /></a><figcaption>Ethnoreligious composition of Yemen in 2002</figcaption></figure> Yemen enumerated its population by ethnicity in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> The <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Aden" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Aden">Colony of Aden</a> (which is within Yemen's current borders) enumerated its population by ethnicity in 1946 and 1955.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Europe">Europe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: Europe">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albania">Albania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: Albania">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1955,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> 1989,<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> and 2011.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated16-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated15-86">[86]</a> The 2011 Albanian census also enumerated people by language used and by their religious beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated16-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated15-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belarus">Belarus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: Belarus">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belarusians_in_Belarus_2009.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Belarusians_in_Belarus_2009.png/100px-Belarusians_in_Belarus_2009.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Belarusians_in_Belarus_2009.png/150px-Belarusians_in_Belarus_2009.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Belarusians_in_Belarus_2009.png/200px-Belarusians_in_Belarus_2009.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1212" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a> as a percentage of the total population in Belarus in 2009 (Note: map is in Ukrainian.)</figcaption></figure> People in Belarus (when it was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated by native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> In addition to the Soviet Union enumerating people by ethnicity for its entire existence,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> also enumerated people by ethnicity in its post-Soviet censuses of 1999<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> and 2009.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bosnia_and_Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: Bosnia and Herzegovina">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Composition_of_BiH_in_1991.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ethnic_Composition_of_BiH_in_1991.gif/100px-Ethnic_Composition_of_BiH_in_1991.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ethnic_Composition_of_BiH_in_1991.gif/150px-Ethnic_Composition_of_BiH_in_1991.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ethnic_Composition_of_BiH_in_1991.gif/200px-Ethnic_Composition_of_BiH_in_1991.gif 2x" data-file-width="1213" data-file-height="1467" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1991</figcaption></figure> The population of <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> has been enumerated by ethnicity since at least 1885, including the recent censuses in 1991 and 2013.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: Bulgaria">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_composition_of_Bulgaria,_2011.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ethnic_composition_of_Bulgaria%2C_2011.PNG/100px-Ethnic_composition_of_Bulgaria%2C_2011.PNG" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ethnic_composition_of_Bulgaria%2C_2011.PNG/150px-Ethnic_composition_of_Bulgaria%2C_2011.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ethnic_composition_of_Bulgaria%2C_2011.PNG/200px-Ethnic_composition_of_Bulgaria%2C_2011.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1279" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption>Dominant ethnicities in Bulgaria in 2011</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> enumerated people by mother tongue in 1880 and 1887 and used this info to determine their ethnicities.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Bulgaria directly enumerated people by ethnicity from 1900 all the way up to its most recent census in 2011, with the exception of the 1985 census.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatia">Croatia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: Croatia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatia-Ethnic-2011.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Croatia-Ethnic-2011.png/100px-Croatia-Ethnic-2011.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Croatia-Ethnic-2011.png/150px-Croatia-Ethnic-2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Croatia-Ethnic-2011.png/200px-Croatia-Ethnic-2011.png 2x" data-file-width="2201" data-file-height="2151" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of Croatia in 2011</figcaption></figure> The people of Croatia have been enumerated by ethnicity/nationality from at least 1953, including the censuses of 2001 and 2011.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czech_Republic">Czech Republic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: Czech Republic">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> (of which the territory of the Czech Republic was a part) enumerated people by ethnicity in 1921 and 1930, and the Czech Republic did the same thing from 1991 to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated23-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estonia">Estonia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: Estonia">edit</a>]</div> People in <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> were enumerated by ethnicity/nationality from 1922 to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> People in Estonia were also enumerated by native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> During this time period Estonia was under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, then independent, then (excluding <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>) under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, and then independent again since 1991.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> There were 192 different ethnicity/nationality options in the 2011 Estonian census.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section: Finland">edit</a>]</div> Finland has enumerated its population by language of most frequent use from at least 1990 to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section: France">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> has not counted individuals by race or ethnicity since at least 1978, when a law was passed that prevented individuals from being enumerated by these categories without their consent or a state committee waiver.<a href="#cite_note-francerace-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated24-103">[103]</a> The reasons for this are that many French people consider asking people about race and ethnicity to be a contradiction of their principle of <a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">equality</a> and equal treatment for all French people.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> Also, there is a desire to avoid repeating what <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_occupied_France" class="mw-redirect" title="The Holocaust in occupied France">did in regards to its Jewish population</a> and to prevent the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">National Front</a> from getting more popularity.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-francerace-102">[102]</a> Former <a href="/wiki/French_President" class="mw-redirect" title="French President">French President</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> and his administration supported and proposed counting French people by race and ethnicity, though this was never implemented.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=86" title="Edit section: Germany">edit</a>]</div> Nazi Germany enumerated its citizens of Jewish descent in 1939 based on the <a href="/wiki/Mischlinge" class="mw-redirect" title="Mischlinge">percent of Jewish ancestry that they had</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungary">Hungary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=87" title="Edit section: Hungary">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_austria_ethnic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Greater_austria_ethnic.svg/100px-Greater_austria_ethnic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Greater_austria_ethnic.svg/150px-Greater_austria_ethnic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Greater_austria_ethnic.svg/200px-Greater_austria_ethnic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of the regions of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> in 1910</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1880, between 1900 and 1941,<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> and again from 1980 to the present day<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=88" title="Edit section: Ireland">edit</a>]</div> The 2002 Irish census enumerated people by their place of birth and their country of citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated9-109">[109]</a> Ireland introduced an ethnicity question to its census in 2006. The 2011 Irish census enumerated people by ethnicity as well, and offered the options White Irish, White Irish Traveller, Other White, Black or Black Irish (with options for African and Other Black), Asian or Asian Irish (with options for Chinese and Other Asian), Other, and Not Stated.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=89" title="Edit section: Italy">edit</a>]</div> Censuses in Italy do not inquire about race or ethnicity. Only information disposable are those of civil registers, where only the country of birth is noted down.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kosovo">Kosovo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=90" title="Edit section: Kosovo">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kosovo_ethnic_2005.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kosovo_ethnic_2005.png/100px-Kosovo_ethnic_2005.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kosovo_ethnic_2005.png/150px-Kosovo_ethnic_2005.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kosovo_ethnic_2005.png/200px-Kosovo_ethnic_2005.png 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>Dominant ethnicities in Kosovo in 2005</figcaption></figure> The population of Kosovo was enumerated by ethnicity from 1990s all the way up to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latvia">Latvia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=91" title="Edit section: Latvia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russians_in_Baltic_States_(2011).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Russians_in_Baltic_States_%282011%29.svg/100px-Russians_in_Baltic_States_%282011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Russians_in_Baltic_States_%282011%29.svg/150px-Russians_in_Baltic_States_%282011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Russians_in_Baltic_States_%282011%29.svg/200px-Russians_in_Baltic_States_%282011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic Russians as a percentage of the total population in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic States">Baltic States</a> 2011</figcaption></figure> People in Latvia (when it was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated by native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> enumerated people by ethnicity between 1920 and 1935.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The Soviet Union <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">occupied Latvia</a> in 1940, and it enumerated people there by ethnicity from 1959 to 1989.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> also enumerated people by ethnicity in its post-Soviet censuses of 2000<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> and 2011.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lithuania">Lithuania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=92" title="Edit section: Lithuania">edit</a>]</div> People in Lithuania (when it was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated by native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in its 1923 census and in its 1925 census of its <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The Soviet Union <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">occupied Lithuania</a> in 1940, and it enumerated people there by ethnicity from 1959 to 1989.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> also enumerated people by ethnicity in its post-Soviet censuses of 2001<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> and 2011.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=93" title="Edit section: Luxembourg">edit</a>]</div> It is illegal to collect statistics about the race, ethnicity, religion or ancestry of Luxembourg citizens.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moldova">Moldova</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=94" title="Edit section: Moldova">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_ethnics_groups_in_Moldova_1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Major_ethnics_groups_in_Moldova_1989.jpg/100px-Major_ethnics_groups_in_Moldova_1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Major_ethnics_groups_in_Moldova_1989.jpg/150px-Major_ethnics_groups_in_Moldova_1989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Major_ethnics_groups_in_Moldova_1989.jpg/200px-Major_ethnics_groups_in_Moldova_1989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="1276" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of Moldova in 1989</figcaption></figure> People in Moldova (when it was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated by native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> In addition to the Soviet Union enumerating people by ethnicity for its entire existence,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> also enumerated people by ethnicity in both its post-Soviet censuses: in <a href="/wiki/2004_Moldovan_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Moldovan Census">2004</a>,<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> and <a href="/wiki/2014_Moldovan_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Moldovan Census">2014</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monaco">Monaco</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=95" title="Edit section: Monaco">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1982.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Montenegro">Montenegro</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=96" title="Edit section: Montenegro">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_map_of_Montenegro_by_municipality.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ethnic_map_of_Montenegro_by_municipality.svg/100px-Ethnic_map_of_Montenegro_by_municipality.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ethnic_map_of_Montenegro_by_municipality.svg/150px-Ethnic_map_of_Montenegro_by_municipality.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ethnic_map_of_Montenegro_by_municipality.svg/200px-Ethnic_map_of_Montenegro_by_municipality.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="1285" /></a><figcaption>Dominant ethnicities in Montenegro in 2011</figcaption></figure> The population of <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> was enumerated by ethnicity from 1909 up to its most recent census in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Macedonia">North Macedonia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=97" title="Edit section: North Macedonia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_majority_ethnic_groups_of_Macedonia_by_municipality.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Map_of_the_majority_ethnic_groups_of_Macedonia_by_municipality.svg/100px-Map_of_the_majority_ethnic_groups_of_Macedonia_by_municipality.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Map_of_the_majority_ethnic_groups_of_Macedonia_by_municipality.svg/150px-Map_of_the_majority_ethnic_groups_of_Macedonia_by_municipality.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Map_of_the_majority_ethnic_groups_of_Macedonia_by_municipality.svg/200px-Map_of_the_majority_ethnic_groups_of_Macedonia_by_municipality.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of North Macedonia in 2002</figcaption></figure> People in <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> were enumerated by ethnicity/nationality from at least 1921 all the way up to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> In the most recent census in 2002, 64.2% of the population declared themselves to be <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Macedonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic Macedonian">ethnic Macedonians</a>. The second-largest ethnic group in the country was the ethnic <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a> with 25.2%. Other major ethnic groups were <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> (3.9%), <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a> (2.7%), and <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a> (1.8%).<a href="#cite_note-Statistical_Office-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norway">Norway</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=98" title="Edit section: Norway">edit</a>]</div> Norway enumerated the population in the northern part of the country by ethnicity between 1845 and 1930.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> In the census of 1970, in limited areas in Northern Norway, people were identified by ethnicity and language. Such information has not been included in any census since then.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=99" title="Edit section: Poland">edit</a>]</div> People in Poland (when <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">the country was still occupied</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated allegedly by their native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> Sovereign <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> enumerated people by ethnicity/nationality in 1921.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> It enumerated people by mother tongue in 1931, and used this data to determine ethnicity/nationality.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated14-129">[129]</a> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Communist Polish government</a> did not enumerate people by nationality/ethnicity.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated14-129">[129]</a> The post-Communist 2002 Polish census did enumerate people by nationality/ethnicity and language used at home.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated14-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=100" title="Edit section: Portugal">edit</a>]</div> Census in Portugal do not include a question regarding individuals ethnic or racial background. A question of this kind was recommended to be included for the first time for the 2021 census ("Censos 2021"),<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> which sparked some controversy. The question was ultimately not included, although a question about religion was included.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> A questionnaire regarding ethnicity was planned by the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estat%C3%ADstica_(Portugal)" title="Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Portugal)">Instituto Nacional de Estatística</a> for late 2021.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romania">Romania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=101" title="Edit section: Romania">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romania_harta_etnica_2011.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Romania_harta_etnica_2011.PNG/100px-Romania_harta_etnica_2011.PNG" decoding="async" width="100" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Romania_harta_etnica_2011.PNG/150px-Romania_harta_etnica_2011.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Romania_harta_etnica_2011.PNG/200px-Romania_harta_etnica_2011.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1490" data-file-height="1023" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic map of Romania in 2011</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1859–1860,<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> 1887,<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> 1899,<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> and in every census since 1930, with the exception of the 1948 census, which enumerated people only by mother tongue.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> The <a href="/wiki/World_Jewish_Congress" title="World Jewish Congress">World Jewish Congress</a> also carried out a census of <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Jews">Romania's Jewish population</a> in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbia">Serbia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=102" title="Edit section: Serbia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Census_2002_Serbia,_ethnic_map_(by_municipalities).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Census_2002_Serbia%2C_ethnic_map_%28by_municipalities%29.png/100px-Census_2002_Serbia%2C_ethnic_map_%28by_municipalities%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Census_2002_Serbia%2C_ethnic_map_%28by_municipalities%29.png/150px-Census_2002_Serbia%2C_ethnic_map_%28by_municipalities%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Census_2002_Serbia%2C_ethnic_map_%28by_municipalities%29.png/200px-Census_2002_Serbia%2C_ethnic_map_%28by_municipalities%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1845" data-file-height="2600" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of Serbia in 2002</figcaption></figure> In addition to <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> enumerating people by ethnicity/nationality, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> enumerated people by ethnicity/nationality in its 2002 and 2011 censuses.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slovakia">Slovakia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=103" title="Edit section: Slovakia">edit</a>]</div> The population of <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> was enumerated by ethnicity/nationality since 1910 all the way up to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slovenia">Slovenia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=104" title="Edit section: Slovenia">edit</a>]</div> The population of <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> was enumerated by ethnicity since 1953 all the way up to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transnistria">Transnistria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=105" title="Edit section: Transnistria">edit</a>]</div> People in <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a> (when it was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated by native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> In addition to the Soviet Union enumerating people by ethnicity for its entire existence,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> the de facto independent country of Transnistria also enumerated people by ethnicity in its post-Soviet censuses in 2004 and 2015.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> also enumerated people in Transnistria by ethnicity in its 1941 census.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=106" title="Edit section: Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UaFirstNationality2001-English.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/UaFirstNationality2001-English.png/220px-UaFirstNationality2001-English.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/UaFirstNationality2001-English.png/330px-UaFirstNationality2001-English.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/UaFirstNationality2001-English.png/440px-UaFirstNationality2001-English.png 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of Ukraine in 2001</figcaption></figure> People in Ukraine (when it was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) were enumerated by native tongue <a href="/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">in the 1897 Russian Empire Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated12-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated11-41">[41]</a> In addition to the Soviet Union enumerating people by ethnicity for its entire existence,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> also enumerated people by ethnicity in its only post-Soviet census in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=107" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> began <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_ethnicity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom">counting people by ethnicity</a> in <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 1991">1991</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> There eventually became more of an interest in enumerating ethnic minorities after large-scale racial minority immigration to the United Kingdom began in the post-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> era.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> The United Kingdom previously planned to enumerate people by ethnicity in 1981, but changed its mind after the large non-response rate to this question in the 1979 Test Census. In 1979, many ethnic minorities refused to answer this question due to the fear of deportation.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2011">2011 census</a>, the ethnic group options for England and Wales were White, Mixed, <a href="/wiki/Asian_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian British">Asian British</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Black British">Black British</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a> or other ethnic group, and Not stated, with ethnic origin sub-group choices for most of these.<a href="#cite_note-TIAUKcodes-153">[153]</a> The census in the United Kingdom also included a question on country of citizenship between 1851 and 1961.<a href="#cite_note-catdir-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vatican_City">Vatican City</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=108" title="Edit section: Vatican City">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1948.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="North_America">North America</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=109" title="Edit section: North America">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahamas">Bahamas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=110" title="Edit section: Bahamas">edit</a>]</div> The population of the <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a> was enumerated by ethnicity in 1953 and again in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barbados">Barbados</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=111" title="Edit section: Barbados">edit</a>]</div> The population of <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> was enumerated by ethnicity in 1946, 1960, 1970, and 1980.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belize">Belize</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=112" title="Edit section: Belize">edit</a>]</div> Back when <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> was <a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">British Honduras</a>, it enumerated people by ethnicity in 1946. Since gaining independence, Belize has enumerated people by ethnicity from 1980 all the way up to its most recent census in 2010. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bermuda">Bermuda</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=113" title="Edit section: Bermuda">edit</a>]</div> The people of <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> were enumerated by ethnicity since at least 1950 all the way up to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=114" title="Edit section: Canada">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_ethnic_origin_map_2021.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Canada_ethnic_origin_map_2021.png/150px-Canada_ethnic_origin_map_2021.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Canada_ethnic_origin_map_2021.png/225px-Canada_ethnic_origin_map_2021.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Canada_ethnic_origin_map_2021.png/300px-Canada_ethnic_origin_map_2021.png 2x" data-file-width="2230" data-file-height="1735" /></a><figcaption>A map of the largest ethnic ancestry in different regions of Canada in 2021</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Canada" title="Demographics of Canada">counted people by ethnic origin</a> in 1765 and again from at least 1871 to 2006, with the exception of 1891.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated17-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-statcan2006-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> The options for ethnicity in the 2006 Canadian census were various kinds of <a href="/wiki/European_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="European Canadian">European Canadian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Canadian">Aboriginal Canadian</a>, and various <a href="/wiki/Non-white" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-white">non-white</a> or non-European groups known officially as "<a href="/wiki/Visible_minorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Visible minorities">visible minorities</a>".<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated17-156">[156]</a> The 2011 Canadian census did not ask about race and ethnicity,<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> but the new voluntary National Household Survey (NHS) for that year did ask about race and ethnicity (as well as many other questions that were previously asked on the Canadian census).<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Prior to the 1981 Canadian census, respondents could only mark one ethnicity/ethnic ancestry, but the 1981 census and all future ones allowed multiple ethnicity responses.<a href="#cite_note-statcan2006-157">[157]</a> Canada also enumerated its population by place of birth from 1871 to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Costa_Rica">Costa Rica</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=115" title="Edit section: Costa Rica">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> asked a question on ethnic or racial ancestral origins in the 2022 census using multiple options including indigenous, Black or Afro-descendant, Mulatto, Chinese, <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a>, white and other.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Previously Costa Rica enumerated people by ethnicity in 1927 and 1950.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuba">Cuba</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=116" title="Edit section: Cuba">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> enumerated people by race since 1774 to the most recent official census in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dominica">Dominica</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=117" title="Edit section: Dominica">edit</a>]</div> The people in <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> were enumerated by ethnicity in 1960 and 1981.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dominican_Republic">Dominican Republic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=118" title="Edit section: Dominican Republic">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/2022_Dominican_Republic_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Dominican Republic Census">2022 Dominican Republic Census</a> asked people to choose from "black", "white", "indio", "mulato", "mestizo", "Asian", and "other".<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Previously people in the Dominican Republic had been enumerated by ethnicity in <a href="/wiki/1960_Dominican_Republic_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1960 Dominican Republic Census">1960</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grenada">Grenada</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=119" title="Edit section: Grenada">edit</a>]</div> The people of <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> were enumerated by ethnicity in 1960 and 1981.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guatemala">Guatemala</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=120" title="Edit section: Guatemala">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> has enumerated people by ethnicity in 1950, 1964, 2002, and 2018.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jamaica">Jamaica</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=121" title="Edit section: Jamaica">edit</a>]</div> The population of Jamaica was enumerated by ethnicity in 1960 and again from 1982 all the way up to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=122" title="Edit section: Mexico">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> enumerates people on whether or not they speak <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> or indigenous languages.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2001-170">[170]</a> Mexico does not enumerate its population by race and ethnicity directly.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2001-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panama">Panama</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=123" title="Edit section: Panama">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> has enumerated people by ethnicity from the 1970 census all the way up to its most recent census in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> People in the then-United States-controlled <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_Zone" title="Panama Canal Zone">Panama Canal Zone</a> were numerated by ethnicity in 1950 and 1960.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puerto_Rico">Puerto Rico</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=124" title="Edit section: Puerto Rico">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> enumerated people by race in its census <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Demographics of Puerto Rico">since at least 1877</a> with the exception of the period from 1960 to 1990. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=125" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Race and ethnicity in the United States Census</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County.svg/400px-Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County.svg/600px-Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County.svg/800px-Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plurality" class="extiw" title="wikt:plurality">plurality</a> (not <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">majority</a>) ethnic ancestry in each <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">county in the United States of America</a></figcaption></figure> Before the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">U.S. acquired independence from Great Britain</a>, many of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> conducted <a href="/wiki/Censuses" class="mw-redirect" title="Censuses">censuses</a> of their own where they enumerated their populations by <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_classification)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (human classification)">race</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-census5-173">[173]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> as a whole <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">enumerated people by race</a> in every <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census">census</a> since <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census,_1790" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census, 1790">its first census</a> in 1790.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> Part of the reason why the United States began counting people by race much sooner than many other countries was due to the <a href="/wiki/Three_Fifths_Compromise" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Fifths Compromise">Three Fifths Compromise</a>, which determined the amount of representation that Southern states had based on how many slaves they had (slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person for representation purposes, and a new census every ten years was needed to enumerate the current slave population).<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Initially, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census">United States Census</a> only counted Americans as either <a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">white</a> or <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">black</a>, with blacks classified as either <a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">free</a> or <a href="/wiki/Slaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaves">slaves</a> until 1860 (<a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery in the United States</a> was <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">abolished</a> in 1865).<a href="#cite_note-usrace2002-176">[176]</a> Over time, the United States has also added some other racial categories as well.<a href="#cite_note-usrace2002-176">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/Asian-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian-American">Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> categories were added in 1860.<a href="#cite_note-usrace2002-176">[176]</a> However, the first census to enumerate all Native Americans occurred in 1890.<a href="#cite_note-usrace2002-176">[176]</a> Before that point Native Americans living on <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">reservations</a> were not counted, and thus most Native Americans in the U.S. were not counted in census data before 1890.<a href="#cite_note-usrace2002-176">[176]</a> Between 1850 and 1870, and in 1890, 1910, and 1920, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> also enumerated <a href="/wiki/Mulattoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulattoes">Mulattoes</a> and sometimes other partially black groups (<a href="/wiki/Quadroons" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadroons">Quadroons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Octoroons" class="mw-redirect" title="Octoroons">Octoroons</a>) separately.<a href="#cite_note-usrace2002-176">[176]</a> The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> counted <a href="/wiki/Mexicans" title="Mexicans">Mexicans</a> as a separate race in 1930<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> and tried to retroactively determine the number of Mexicans in the U.S. in 1910 and 1920 as well.<a href="#cite_note-usrace2002-176">[176]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> promoted a <a href="/wiki/Good_Neighbor_policy" title="Good Neighbor policy">"good neighbor" policy</a> that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935, a <a href="/wiki/Federal_judge" title="Federal judge">federal judge</a> ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The <a href="/wiki/U.S._State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. State Department">State Department</a>, the Census Bureau, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Labor_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Labor Department">Labor Department</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Government_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Government agencies">government agencies</a> therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the <a href="/wiki/League_of_United_Latin_American_Citizens" title="League of United Latin American Citizens">League of United Latin American Citizens</a> in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Hispanics were counted as whites in 1940, but for the first time ever, the U.S. made an attempt to measure the size of the Hispanic population that year.<a href="#cite_note-usrace2002-176">[176]</a> The U.S. resumed enumerating its <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic</a>/Latino population in 1970, with Hispanics being enumerated in every U.S. census since then.<a href="#cite_note-usrace2002-176">[176]</a> The U.S. Census Bureau also began offering Hispanics several sub-group options from which they could identify themselves, such as Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, et cetera (these Hispanic sub-group options have changed over time).<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> The Other race category was added in 1950, and in 2000 multi-race responses were tabulated for the first time (instructions now explicitly inform respondents that they can choose multiple race boxes).<a href="#cite_note-usrace2002-176">[176]</a> Because multiracial respondents are now allowed, U.S. Census data since 2000 is not directly comparable with that of previous censuses.<a href="#cite_note-usrace2002-176">[176]</a> While people nowadays are enumerated by race based on self-identification, until 1950 their race on the census was mainly determined by their census enumerator.<a href="#cite_note-usrace2002-176">[176]</a> During this time multiracial people who were White and of another race were usually marked down as belonging to the other race due to the <a href="/wiki/One_drop_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="One drop rule">One drop rule</a>.<a href="#cite_note-usrace2002-176">[176]</a> The instructions provided to enumerators endorsed this practice. It is worth noting that some of the definitions of race in the United States changed over time. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian Americans</a> were previously marked as Hindu in 1920–1940, Other race in 1950–1960, and White in 1970 before being marked as Asian (Indian) since 1980.<a href="#cite_note-usrace2002-176">[176]</a> The <a href="/wiki/U.S._census" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. census">U.S. census</a> counted certain <a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">Asian</a> ethnic groups separately since 1870, initially counting only <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Americans" title="Japanese Americans">Japanese</a>, but having other categories as well since 1910.<a href="#cite_note-usrace2002-176">[176]</a> It only began counting all people by ethnic ancestry since <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census,_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census, 1980">the 1980 census</a>, though.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> In addition to a Hispanic/Latino ethnicity question that has appeared on the census short form since 1980 (based on the US <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a>'s official categories specified in 1977). In addition, at various times the Census Bureau has also used an ancestry question. Before 1970, <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> had different choices for race on their censuses in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental United States">continental United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-usrace2002-176">[176]</a> The United States has also used language as a way to classify people by race or ethnicity.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> From 1910 to 1940, the Census recorded the mother tongue of the foreign-born population and their children.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> In 1960 and 1970 the Census Bureau also used mother tongue to classify respondents by ethnicity, but the definition of mother tongue was not consistent. Since 1980, the Census Bureau has tabulated <a href="/wiki/Language_Spoken_at_Home" title="Language Spoken at Home">language spoken at home</a> for people aged five or older.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020 United States Census</a> might allow <a href="/wiki/Middle_Easterners" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Easterners">Middle Easterners</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="North African American">North Africans</a> to write in their ethnicity/race instead of merely marking them as White.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> Right now, and in the past, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arabs</a> have been marked in the U.S. Census as White.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-185">[185]</a> This began in the early twentieth century when <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">coming to the United States</a> successfully petitioned to be marked as White in order to avoid entry quotas and have a greater chance of achieving success and avoiding discrimination.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> The United States is one of the countries that uses racial and ethnic census data in order to create <a href="/wiki/Minority-majority_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority-majority districts">minority-majority districts</a>, as is required by the 1965 <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting Rights Act">Voting Rights Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-188">[188]</a> These districts were created in order to increase minority representation in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> following the end of legal <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">segregation</a> and racial discrimination in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-188">[188]</a> Since 1850, the United States enumerated its population by their country of birth of its population.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated21-189">[189]</a> The whole U.S. population was enumerated by country of birth between 1850 and 1930 and again from 1960 to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated21-189">[189]</a> Meanwhile, only the <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White population of the United States</a> was enumerated by their country of birth in 1940 and 1950.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated21-189">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oceania">Oceania</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=126" title="Edit section: Oceania">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=127" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> Australia enumerated its population by race between 1911 and 1966, by racial origin in 1971 and 1976, by ethnic origin in 1981, and by ancestry since 1986.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiji">Fiji</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=128" title="Edit section: Fiji">edit</a>]</div> The population of <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> was enumerated by ethnicity from 1881 all the way up to Fiji's most recent census in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nauru">Nauru</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=129" title="Edit section: Nauru">edit</a>]</div> The population of <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> was enumerated by ethnicity between 1947 and 1977.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=130" title="Edit section: New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MaoriPopulationPercentage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/MaoriPopulationPercentage.png/100px-MaoriPopulationPercentage.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/MaoriPopulationPercentage.png/150px-MaoriPopulationPercentage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/MaoriPopulationPercentage.png/200px-MaoriPopulationPercentage.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2093" /></a><figcaption>Maoris as a percentage of the total population of New Zealand in 2006</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> enumerated people by ethnicity from 1858 to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-192">[192]</a> People were enumerated by tribal affiliation in 1901 and again from 1991 to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-192">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palau">Palau</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=131" title="Edit section: Palau">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Papua_New_Guinea">Papua New Guinea</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=132" title="Edit section: Papua New Guinea">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> only enumerated its population by ethnicity in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South_America">South America</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=133" title="Edit section: South America">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=134" title="Edit section: Argentina">edit</a>]</div> Argentina enumerated its population by their country of birth from 1869 to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated22-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bolivia">Bolivia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=135" title="Edit section: Bolivia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png/100px-Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png/150px-Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png/200px-Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png 2x" data-file-width="2370" data-file-height="2672" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic composition of Bolivia</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1950,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> 2001,<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> and 2012.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated25-195">[195]</a> The 2012 census included 40 ethnic group options.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated25-195">[195]</a> However, it did not include <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a> as an option, which critics of current <a href="/wiki/Bolivian_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivian President">Bolivian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a> say was because he wants more Bolivians to identify as one of the indigenous groups in order to lend more legitimacy to his indigenous-friendly policies.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated25-195">[195]</a> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div style="font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; padding:5px;">Data from the census in 2012<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:#faf6ed;"> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ethnic group</th> <th>Total people</th> <th>Male</th> <th>Female </th></tr> <tr> <td>Afroboliviano</td> <td align="right">16.329</td> <td align="right">8.785</td> <td align="right">7.544 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Araona</td> <td align="right">910</td> <td align="right">452</td> <td align="right">458 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aymara</td> <td align="right">1.191.352</td> <td align="right">592.817</td> <td align="right">598.535 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ayoreo</td> <td align="right">1.862</td> <td align="right">954</td> <td align="right">908 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baure</td> <td align="right">2.319</td> <td align="right">1.219</td> <td align="right">1.100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canichana</td> <td align="right">617</td> <td align="right">360</td> <td align="right">257 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cavineño</td> <td align="right">2.005</td> <td align="right">1.118</td> <td align="right">887 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cayubaba</td> <td align="right">1.424</td> <td align="right">738</td> <td align="right">686 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chacobo</td> <td align="right">826</td> <td align="right">418</td> <td align="right">408 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chipaya</td> <td align="right">786</td> <td align="right">400</td> <td align="right">386 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chiquitano</td> <td align="right">87.885</td> <td align="right">45.497</td> <td align="right">42.388 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Esse Ejja</td> <td align="right">695</td> <td align="right">379</td> <td align="right">316 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guaraní</td> <td align="right">58.990</td> <td align="right">29.918</td> <td align="right">29.072 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guarasugwe</td> <td align="right">42</td> <td align="right">25</td> <td align="right">17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guarayo</td> <td align="right">13.621</td> <td align="right">6.846</td> <td align="right">6.775 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Itonama</td> <td align="right">10.275</td> <td align="right">5.356</td> <td align="right">4.919 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joaquiniano</td> <td align="right">2.797</td> <td align="right">1.510</td> <td align="right">1.287 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kallawaya</td> <td align="right">7.389</td> <td align="right">3.824</td> <td align="right">3.565 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leco</td> <td align="right">9.006</td> <td align="right">4.820</td> <td align="right">4.186 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Machinerí</td> <td align="right">38</td> <td align="right">25</td> <td align="right">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maropa</td> <td align="right">2.857</td> <td align="right">1.550</td> <td align="right">1.307 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mojeño</td> <td align="right">31.078</td> <td align="right">16.564</td> <td align="right">14.514 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moré</td> <td align="right">155</td> <td align="right">78</td> <td align="right">77 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mosetén</td> <td align="right">1.989</td> <td align="right">1.095</td> <td align="right">894 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Movima</td> <td align="right">12.213</td> <td align="right">6.349</td> <td align="right">5.864 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Murato</td> <td align="right">143</td> <td align="right">78</td> <td align="right">65 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pacahuara</td> <td align="right">161</td> <td align="right">85</td> <td align="right">76 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Quechua</td> <td align="right">1.281.116</td> <td align="right">626.307</td> <td align="right">654.809 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sirionó</td> <td align="right">446</td> <td align="right">245</td> <td align="right">201 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tacana</td> <td align="right">11.173</td> <td align="right">6.060</td> <td align="right">5.113 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tapiete</td> <td align="right">99</td> <td align="right">59</td> <td align="right">40 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tsimane (Chimán)</td> <td align="right">6.464</td> <td align="right">3.399</td> <td align="right">3.065 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Weenayek</td> <td align="right">3.322</td> <td align="right">1.686</td> <td align="right">1.636 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yaminahua</td> <td align="right">132</td> <td align="right">54</td> <td align="right">78 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yuki</td> <td align="right">202</td> <td align="right">102</td> <td align="right">100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yuracaré</td> <td align="right">3.394</td> <td align="right">1.709</td> <td align="right">1.685 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yuracaré - Mojeño</td> <td align="right">292</td> <td align="right">171</td> <td align="right">121 </td></tr> <tr> <td>other</td> <td align="right">42.188</td> <td align="right">19.861</td> <td align="right">22.327 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other not specified</td> <td align="right">4.419</td> <td align="right">2.333</td> <td align="right">2.086 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Not belong</td> <td align="right">4.032.014</td> <td align="right">1.975.811</td> <td align="right">2.056.203 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=136" title="Edit section: Brazil">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brancos_no_Brasil.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Brancos_no_Brasil.png/100px-Brancos_no_Brasil.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Brancos_no_Brasil.png/150px-Brancos_no_Brasil.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Brancos_no_Brasil.png/200px-Brancos_no_Brasil.png 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Brazilian states according to the percentage of <a href="/wiki/Whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Whites">Whites</a> in 2009</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazilian</a> census <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_Brazil" title="Race and ethnicity in Brazil">enumerated people by race</a> in all censuses since <a href="/wiki/1872_Brazilian_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1872 Brazilian Census">1872</a> with the exception of 1900, 1920, and 1970.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> The Brazilian census classifies people by race as either white, black, pardo (brown), yellow (Asian), or indigenous. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile">Chile</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=137" title="Edit section: Chile">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> enumerated people by ethnicity in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a> The 2017 census included an option to identify as part of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Chile" title="Indigenous peoples in Chile">one of the country's indigenous groups</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guyana">Guyana</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=138" title="Edit section: Guyana">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> enumerated people by ethnicity from at least 1946 until at least 2002.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peru">Peru</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=139" title="Edit section: Peru">edit</a>]</div> Peru collected data in the 1940 census. In the <a href="/wiki/2017_Peru_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Peru Census">2017 census</a>, questions about culture and ancestors were asked in more detail for the first time for the population of 12 years old and above.<a href="#cite_note-census2017-199">[199]</a> Results were <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a> 60.2%, <a href="/wiki/Quechua_people" title="Quechua people">Quechua</a> 22.3%, <a href="/wiki/White_Peruvians" class="mw-redirect" title="White Peruvians">White</a> 5.9%, <a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvians" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Peruvians">Afro-descendant</a> 3.6%, <a href="/wiki/Aymara_people" title="Aymara people">Aymara</a> 2.4%, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous peoples in Peru">Native or indigenous</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_basin" title="Amazon basin">Amazon</a> 0.3%, <a href="/wiki/Ash%C3%A1ninka" title="Asháninka">Asháninka</a> 0.2%, Part of another Indigenous 0.2%, <a href="/wiki/Aguaruna_people" title="Aguaruna people">Aguaruna/Awajún</a> 0.2%, <a href="/wiki/Shipibo-Conibo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Shipibo-Conibo people">Shipibo-Conibo/Konibo</a> 0.1%, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Peruvians" title="Japanese Peruvians">Japanese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_diaspora" title="Japanese diaspora">Nikkei</a>) 0.1%, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Peruvians" title="Chinese Peruvians">Chinese</a> (Tusan) 0.1%, Other 1.1%.<a href="#cite_note-census2017-199">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=140" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestry">Ancestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demography" title="Demography">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_racial_and_ethnic_demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States">Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_and_the_Holocaust" title="IBM and the Holocaust">IBM and the Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majority_minority" title="Majority minority">Majority minority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_and_housing_censuses_by_country" title="Population and housing censuses by country">Population and housing censuses by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_Brazil" title="Race and ethnicity in Brazil">Race and ethnicity in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Race and ethnicity in the United States Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_minorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Visible minorities">Visible minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_in_censuses" title="Languages in censuses">Languages in censuses</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=141" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pbs-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pbs_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pbs_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/race/000_About/002_03-godeeper.htm">"RACE — The Power of an Illusion . Go Deeper"</a>. PBS. Retrieved 2013-03-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RACE+%E2%80%94+The+Power+of+an+Illusion+.+Go+Deeper&rft.pub=PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Frace%2F000_About%2F002_03-godeeper.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARace+and+ethnicity+in+censuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenton2013" class="citation book cs1">Fenton, Steve (2013-05-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ND1__tXqfDYC&q=%22ann+morning%22+soviet+union&pg=PT11">Ethnicity — Steve Fenton — Google Books</a>. 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Pop-stat.mashke.org. Retrieved 2013-03-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnic+composition+of+Kosovo+2011&rft.pub=Pop-stat.mashke.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpop-stat.mashke.org%2Fkosovo-ethnic2011.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARace+and+ethnicity+in+censuses" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roots-saknes.lv/Ethnicities/ethnicities_statistics.htm">"Ethnicities in Latvia. Statistics"</a>. Roots-saknes.lv. 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International Journal of Middle East Studies. 9 (3): 325–338. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020743800033602">10.1017/S0020743800033602</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161326705">161326705</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Middle+East+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Ottoman+Census+System+and+Population%2C+1831%E2%80%931914&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=325-338&rft.date=1978-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020743800033602&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161326705%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Standford+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARace+and+ethnicity+in+censuses" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=143" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.understandingrace.org/lived/global_census.html">Census racial/ethnic/national origin questions from various countries</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914150543/http://understandingrace.org/lived/global_census.html">Archived</a> 2018-09-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> [Link Broken]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_data">Historical data</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=144" title="Edit section: Historical data">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYBcensus/V2_Table4.pdf">Ethnicity and Race Data for every country in the world which had this census category between 1985 and 2003</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dybcensus/V2_table5.pdf">Language Data for every country in the world which had this census category between 1985 and 2003</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusresults.nsi.bg/Census/Reports/1/2/R7.aspx">Bulgaria Ethnicity Data for 1900-2011 for the whole country and for urban and rural areas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-516-x/pdf/5500092-eng.pdf">Canada Ethnic Origin Data for 1871-1971 (on page 17)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pop-stat.mashke.org/">Eastern Europe, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan Ethnicity/Nationality Data for the late 20th century and early 21st century</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spc.int/prism/country/fj/stats/Key%20Stats/Population/1.1%20census%20of%20population.pdf">Fiji Ethnicity Data for 1881-2007</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=CDD27&PLanguage=0">Ireland Ethnicity Data for 2011</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113200941/http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_07x&CYear=2012">Israel Ethnicity Data for 1948-2011 for Israeli Districts and Sub-Districts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/census_types.php?ct=6">Russia, Russian Empire, and USSR Ethnicity/Nationality Data for 1897-2010 by Guberniyas/Oblasts/SSRs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnicity.ac.uk/census/HowHasEthnicDiversityGrown_Figure1_2.xls">United Kingdom Ethnicity Data for 1991-2011</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141224151538/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html">United States Race and Ethnicity Data for 1790-1990 for U.S. Regions and States</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080912052919/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">United States Race and Ethnicity Data for 1790-1990 for Large Cities and Other Urban Places</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socialexplorer.com/pub/maps/map3.aspx?g=0&mapi=SE0012">United States Race and Ethnicity Data for 1790-2010 for U.S. States and Counties (the 2010 data is only for subscribers)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/index.html">United States Race and Ethnicity Data for 2000 and 2010 for U.S. States and Counties</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future_population_projections,_including_by_race_and/or_ethnicity">Future population projections, including by race and/or ethnicity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&action=edit&section=145" title="Edit section: Future population projections, including by race and/or ethnicity">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/91-551-x/91-551-x2010001-eng.pdf">Canada Population Projections for 2006-2031</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/tec27.pdf">Israel Population Projections for 2009-2059</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/newhodaot/tables_template_eng.html?hodaa=201301170">Israel Population Projections for 2015-2035</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/population/estimates_and_projections/NationalEthnicPopulationProjections_HOTP2006-26/Technical%20Notes.aspx">New Zealand Population Projections for 2006-2026</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/projections/data/national/2012.html">United States Population Projections for 2015-2060</a></li></ul> <div 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnicity" title="Template:Ethnicity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnicity" title="Template talk:Ethnicity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnicity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnicity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnicity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clan" title="Clan">Clan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_group" title="Ethnographic group">Ethnographic group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnolinguistic_group" title="Ethnolinguistic group">Ethnolinguistic group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnonational_group" title="Ethnonational group">Ethnonational group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnoreligious_group" title="Ethnoreligious group">Ethnoreligious group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_realism" title="Ethnographic realism">Ethnographic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">Diaspora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">Immigration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphenated_ethnicity" title="Hyphenated ethnicity">Hyphenated ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-group_and_out-group" title="In-group and out-group">In-group and out-groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-ethnicity" title="Meta-ethnicity">Meta-ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metroethnicity" title="Metroethnicity">Metroethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_group" title="Minority group">Minority group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minority_influence" title="Minority influence">Influence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoethnicity" title="Monoethnicity">Monoethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality" title="Nationality">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panethnicity" title="Panethnicity">Panethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyethnicity" title="Polyethnicity">Polyethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">Population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supraethnicity" title="Supraethnicity">Supraethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolic_ethnicity" title="Symbolic ethnicity">Symbolic ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">Tribe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethnology" title="Ethnology">Ethnology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_studies" title="Ethnic studies">Ethnic studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnoarchaeology" title="Ethnoarchaeology">Ethnoarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnobiology" title="Ethnobiology">Ethnobiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnobotany" title="Ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnoecology" title="Ethnoecology">Ethnoecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomycology" title="Ethnomycology">Ethnomycology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnozoology" title="Ethnozoology">Ethnozoology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocinema" title="Ethnocinema">Ethnocinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnogeology" title="Ethnogeology">Ethnogeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">Ethnography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autoethnography" title="Autoethnography">Autoethnography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_ethnography" title="Clinical ethnography">Clinical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_ethnography" title="Critical ethnography">Critical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_ethnography" title="Institutional ethnography">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netnography" title="Netnography">Netnography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_ethnography" title="Online ethnography">Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person-centered_ethnography" title="Person-centered ethnography">Person-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_ethnography" title="Salvage ethnography">Salvage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transidioethnography" title="Transidioethnography">Transidioethnography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_ethnography" title="Video ethnography">Video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnohistory" title="Ethnohistory">Ethnohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnolinguistics" title="Ethnolinguistics">Ethnolinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnology" title="Ethnology">Ethnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomathematics" title="Ethnomathematics">Ethnomathematics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnostatistics" title="Ethnostatistics">Ethnostatistics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomedicine" title="Ethnomedicine">Ethnomedicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomethodology" title="Ethnomethodology">Ethnomethodology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomuseology" title="Ethnomuseology">Ethnomuseology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicology" title="Ethnomusicology">Ethnomusicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnophilosophy" title="Ethnophilosophy">Ethnophilosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopoetics" title="Ethnopoetics">Ethnopoetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopsychopharmacology" title="Ethnopsychopharmacology">Ethnopsychopharmacology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnoscience" title="Ethnoscience">Ethnoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnosemiotics" title="Ethnosemiotics">Ethnosemiotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnotaxonomy" title="Ethnotaxonomy">Ethnotaxonomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_ethnic_groups" title="List of contemporary ethnic groups">Groups by region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>World <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_ethnic_groups" title="List of contemporary ethnic groups">Contemporary ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_ethnic_groups" title="List of countries by ethnic groups">Countries by ethnic groups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_of_Africa" title="List of ethnic groups of Africa">Africa</a></li> <li>Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_origins_of_people_in_Canada" title="Ethnic origins of people in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Greenland#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mexico#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Caribbean" title="Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Central_America" title="Ethnic groups in Central America">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in South America">South America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Asia" title="Ethnic groups in Asia">Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Central_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of Central Asia">Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of East Asia">East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Siberia" title="Indigenous peoples of Siberia">Northern Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_South_Asia" title="Ethnic groups in South Asia">South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Ethnic groups in Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Middle_East" title="Ethnic groups in the Middle East">West Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_Aboriginal_group_names" title="List of Australian Aboriginal group names">Aboriginal groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islanders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li>Oceania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Oceania" title="Indigenous peoples of Oceania">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europeans_in_Oceania" title="Europeans in Oceania">European</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">Identity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnogenesis" title="Ethnogenesis">ethnogenesis</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-race_effect" title="Cross-race effect">Cross-race effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_identity" title="Cultural identity">Cultural identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_identity_development" title="Ethnic identity development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">Endonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnarch" title="Ethnarch">Ethnarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_flag" title="Ethnic flag">Ethnic flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_option" title="Ethnic option">Ethnic option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic origin">Ethnic origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic religion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ethnicity in censuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym">Ethnonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_race_concepts" title="Historical race concepts">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagined_community" title="Imagined community">Imagined community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_progenitor" title="Legendary progenitor">Legendary progenitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_homeland" title="Linguistic homeland">Linguistic homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mores" title="Mores">Mores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythomoteur" title="Mythomoteur">Mythomoteur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation-building" title="Nation-building">Nation-building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">Nation state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">National language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_myth" title="National myth">National myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_myth" title="Origin myth">Origin myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantribal_sodality" title="Pantribal sodality">Pantribal sodality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistext" title="Statistext">Statistext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_name" title="Tribal name">Tribal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribalism" title="Tribalism">Tribalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detribalization" title="Detribalization">Detribalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotribalism" title="Neotribalism">Neotribalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_ethnic" title="White ethnic">White ethnic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multinational_state" title="Multinational state">Multiethnic society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consociationalism" title="Consociationalism">Consociationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">Cultural appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_politics" title="Diaspora politics">Diaspora politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominant_minority" title="Dominant minority">Dominant minority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_democracy" title="Ethnic democracy">Ethnic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_enclave" title="Ethnic enclave">Ethnic enclave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_interest_group" title="Ethnic interest group">Ethnic interest group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_majority" title="Ethnic majority">Ethnic majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_media" title="Ethnic media">Ethnic media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_pornography" title="Ethnic pornography">Ethnic pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_theme_park" title="Ethnic theme park">Ethnic theme park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnoburb" title="Ethnoburb">Ethnoburb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocracy" title="Ethnocracy">Ethnocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_village" title="Ethnographic village">Ethnographic village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopluralism" title="Ethnopluralism">Ethnopluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_rights" title="Indigenous rights">Indigenous rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middleman_minority" title="Middleman minority">Middleman minority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_rights" title="Minority rights">Minority rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_minority" title="Model minority">Model minority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_minority_myth" title="Model minority myth">Model minority myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_state" title="Multinational state">Multinational state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Ideology and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">ethnic conflict</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_bioweapon" title="Ethnic bioweapon">Ethnic bioweapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_party" title="Ethnic party">Ethnic party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_slurs" title="List of ethnic slurs">Ethnic slurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_stereotype" title="Ethnic stereotype">Ethnic stereotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic violence">Ethnic violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_riots" title="List of ethnic riots">Ethnic riots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocentrism" title="Ethnocentrism">Ethnocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofuturism" title="Ethnofuturism">Ethnofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnosymbolism" title="Ethnosymbolism">Ethnosymbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenism" title="Indigenism">Indigenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenization" title="Indigenization">Indigenization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_active_separatist_movements" title="Lists of active separatist movements">Separatist movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenocentrism" title="Xenocentrism">Xenocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophilia" title="Xenophilia">Xenophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minzu_(anthropology)" title="Minzu (anthropology)">Minzu (anthropology)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&oldid=1257722228">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses&oldid=1257722228</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Censuses" title="Category:Censuses">Censuses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Race_(human_categorization)" title="Category:Race (human categorization)">Race (human categorization)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnicity" 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