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Hussain</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Ashiq Hussain"> <meta name="keywords" content="Ashiq Hussain"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Ashiq Hussain"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 294</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Ashiq Hussain</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> Design of Bidirectional Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network in Optisystem Environment </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashiq%20Hussain">Ashiq Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahwash%20Hussain"> Mahwash Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeenat%20Parveen"> Zeenat Parveen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Now a days the demand for broadband service has increased. Due to which the researchers are trying to find a solution to provide a large amount of service. There is a shortage of bandwidth because of the use of downloading video, voice and data. One of the solutions to overcome this shortage of bandwidth is to provide the communication system with passive optical components. We have increased the data rate in this system. From experimental results we have concluded that the quality factor has increased by adding passive optical networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WDM-PON" title="WDM-PON">WDM-PON</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20fiber" title=" optical fiber"> optical fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q-factor" title=" Q-factor"> Q-factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20diagram" title=" eye diagram"> eye diagram</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17412/design-of-bidirectional-wavelength-division-multiplexing-passive-optical-network-in-optisystem-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> A Review of Technology Roadmaps for Commercialization of Solar Photovoltaic Energy Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Usman%20Sardar">Muhammad Usman Sardar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Haroon%20Nadeem"> Muhammad Haroon Nadeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahbaz%20Ahmad"> Shahbaz Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashiq%20Hussain"> Ashiq Hussain </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The marketing of solar photovoltaic energy systems has one of the monetary settlements to address the higher rate to pay in advance with the purchase of two decades worth of electricity services. To deploy solar photovoltaic technologies and energy setups in areas, it’s important to create a system of credit that can ensure the availability of subsidized capital and commercial conditions for the society. Meanings of energy in developing countries like Pakistan were strongly prompted by marketable interests and industrialization trend influences within their culture. It’s going to be essential to prepare the concerned proceeding models of energy development strategies. This paper discuss the impact and share of environmental friendly solar photo-voltaic energy, researching to find the most appropriate alternate solutions for balance the energy demand and supply and current progressive position in different countries regarding to development and deployment. Based on the literature reviews, its presence found that most beneficial and concerning policies have implemented in several countries around the globe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20marketing%20and%20pricing" title="photovoltaic marketing and pricing">photovoltaic marketing and pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy%20technology" title=" renewable energy technology"> renewable energy technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20photovoltaic" title=" solar photovoltaic"> solar photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPV" title=" SPV"> SPV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15765/a-review-of-technology-roadmaps-for-commercialization-of-solar-photovoltaic-energy-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">292</span> Polydimethylsiloxane Applications in Interferometric Optical Fiber Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeenat%20Parveen">Zeenat Parveen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashiq%20Hussain"> Ashiq Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This review paper consists of applications of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) materials for enhanced performance, optical fiber sensors in acousto-ultrasonic, mechanical measurements, current applications, sensing, measurements and interferometric optical fiber sensors. We will discuss the basic working principle of fiber optic sensing technology, various types of fiber optic and the PDMS as a coating material to increase the performance. Optical fiber sensing methods for detecting dynamic strain signals, including general sound and acoustic signals, high frequency signals i.e. ultrasonic/ultrasound, and other signals such as acoustic emission and impact induced dynamic strain. Optical fiber sensors have Industrial and civil engineering applications in mechanical measurements. Sometimes it requires different configurations and parameters of sensors. Optical fiber current sensors are based on Faraday Effect due to which we obtain better performance as compared to the conventional current transformer. Recent advancement and cost reduction has simulated interest in optical fiber sensing. Optical techniques are also implemented in material measurement. Fiber optic interferometers are used to sense various physical parameters including temperature, pressure and refractive index. There are four types of interferometers i.e. Fabry–perot, Mach-Zehnder, Michelson, and Sagnac. This paper also describes the future work of fiber optic sensors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20optic%20sensing" title="fiber optic sensing">fiber optic sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDMS%20materials" title=" PDMS materials"> PDMS materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic" title=" acoustic"> acoustic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20sensor" title=" current sensor"> current sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20measurements" title=" mechanical measurements"> mechanical measurements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16171/polydimethylsiloxane-applications-in-interferometric-optical-fiber-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">291</span> Two-Stage Anaerobic Digester for Biogas Production from Sewage Sludge: A Case Study in One of Kuwait’s Wastewater Treatment Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Almatouq">Abdullah Almatouq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulla%20Abusam"> Abdulla Abusam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Hussain"> Hussain Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mishari%20Khajah"> Mishari Khajah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Abdullah"> Hussain Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashed%20Al-Yaseen"> Rashed Al-Yaseen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam%20Al-Jumaa"> Mariam Al-Jumaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farah%20Al-Ajeel"> Farah Al-Ajeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Aljassam"> Mohammad Aljassam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the high demand for energy from unsustainable resources in Kuwait, the Kuwaiti government has focused recently on using sustainable resources for energy, such as solar and wind energy. In addition, sludge which is generated as a by-product of physical, chemical, and biological processes during wastewater treatment, can be used as a substrate to generate energy through anaerobic digestion. Kuwait’s wastewater treatment plants produce more than 1.7 million m3 of sludge per year, and this volume is accumulated in the treatment plants without any treatment. Therefore, a pilot-scale (3 m3) two-stage anaerobic digester was constructed in one of the largest treatment plants in Kuwait. The reactor was operated in batch mode, and the hydraulic retention time varied between 14 – 27 days. The main of this study is to evaluate the technical feasibility of a two-stage anaerobic digester for sludge treatability and energy generation in Kuwait. The anaerobic digester achieved a total biogas production of 37 m3, and the highest value of daily biogas production was 0.4 m3/day. The methane content ranged between 50 % and 66 %, and the other gases were as follows: CO2 20 %, H2S 13 %, and 1 % O2. The generated biogas was used on-site for cooking and lighting. In some batches, low C/N was noticed, and that lead to maintaining the concentration of CH4 between 50%-55%. In conclusion, an anaerobic digester is an environmentally friendly technology that can be applied in Kuwait, and the obtained results support the scale-up of the process in all the treatment plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title="wastewater">wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metahne" title=" metahne"> metahne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas%20production%20potential" title=" biogas production potential"> biogas production potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title=" anaerobic digestion"> anaerobic digestion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162875/two-stage-anaerobic-digester-for-biogas-production-from-sewage-sludge-a-case-study-in-one-of-kuwaits-wastewater-treatment-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">290</span> Critical Discourse Analysis of President Mamnoon Hussain Speech in the Joint Session of Parliament. </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Qaisrani">Saeed Qaisrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article briefly reviews the rise of Critical Discourse Analysis about the Pakistani President Mamnoon Hussain speech which delivered in the joint session of Parliament and teases out a detailed analysis of the various critiques that have been levelled at CDA and its practitioners over the last twenty years, both by scholars working within the “critical” paradigm and by other critics. A range of criticisms are discussed which target the underlying premises, the analytical methodology and the disputed areas of reader response and the integration of contextual factors. Controversial issues such as the predominantly negative focus of much CDA scholarship, and the status of CDA as an emergent “intellectual orthodoxy”, are also reviewed. The conclusions offer a summary of the principal criticisms that emerge from this overview, and suggest some ways in which these problems could be attenuated. It also focused on the different views about president speech and how it is presented in the Pakistani print and electronic media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Critical%20Discourse%20Analysis" title="Critical Discourse Analysis">Critical Discourse Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Analytical%20methodology" title=" Analytical methodology"> Analytical methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Corpus%20linguistics" title=" Corpus linguistics"> Corpus linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reader%20response%20theory" title=" Reader response theory"> Reader response theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Critical%20paradigm" title=" Critical paradigm"> Critical paradigm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Contextualization." title=" Contextualization."> Contextualization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21939/critical-discourse-analysis-of-president-mamnoon-hussain-speech-in-the-joint-session-of-parliament" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">289</span> Mutational and Evolutionary Analysis of Interleukin-2 Gene in Four Pakistani Goat Breeds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanveer%20Hussain">Tanveer Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Misbah%20Hussain"> Misbah Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masroor%20Ellahi%20Babar"> Masroor Ellahi Babar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Traiq%20Pervez"> Muhammad Traiq Pervez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiaz%20Hussain"> Fiaz Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Zahoor"> Sana Zahoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashid%20Saif"> Rashid Saif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a cytokine which is produced by activated T cells, play important role in immune response against antigen. It act in both autocrine and paracrine manner. It can stimulate B cells and various other phagocytic cells like monocytes, lymphokine-activated killer cells and natural killer cells. Acting in autocrine fashion, IL-2 protein plays a crucial role in proliferation of T cells. IL-2 triggers the release of pro and anti- inflammatory cytokines by activating several pathways. In present study, exon 1 of IL-2 gene of four local Pakistani breeds (Dera Din Panah, Beetal, Nachi and Kamori) from two provinces was amplified by using reported Ovine IL-2 primers, yielding PCR product of 501 bp. The sequencing of all samples was done to identify the polymorphisms in amplified region of IL-2 gene. Analysis of sequencing data resulted in identification of one novel nucleotide substitution (T→A) in amplified non-coding region of IL-2 gene. Comparison of IL-2 gene sequence of all four breeds with other goat breeds showed high similarity in sequence. While phylogenetic analysis of our local breeds with other mammals showed that IL-2 is a variable gene which has undergone many substitutions. This high substitution rate can be due to the decreased or increased changed selective pressure. These rapid changes can also lead to the change in function of immune system. This pioneering study of Pakistani goat breeds urge for further studies on immune system of each targeted breed for fully understanding the functional role of IL-2 in goat immunity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interleukin%202" title="interleukin 2">interleukin 2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutational%20analysis" title=" mutational analysis"> mutational analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogeny" title=" phylogeny"> phylogeny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goat%20breeds" title=" goat breeds"> goat breeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26888/mutational-and-evolutionary-analysis-of-interleukin-2-gene-in-four-pakistani-goat-breeds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">610</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">288</span> Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Using Charcoal and Graphene Saturable Absorbers to Generate 20-GHz and 50-GHz Pulse Trains, Respectively</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashiq%20Rahman">Ashiq Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Thapa"> Sunil Thapa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shunyao%20Fan"> Shunyao Fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niloy%20K.%20Dutta"> Niloy K. Dutta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 20-GHz and a 50-GHz pulse train are generated using a fiber ring laser setup that incorporates Rational Harmonic Mode Locking. Two separate experiments were carried out using charcoal nanoparticles and graphene nanoparticles acting as saturable absorbers to reduce the pulse width generated from rational harmonic mode-locking (RHML). Autocorrelator trace shows that the pulse width is reduced from 5.6-ps to 3.2-ps using charcoal at 20-GHz, and to 2.7-ps using graphene at 50-GHz repetition rates, which agrees with the simulation findings. Numerical simulations have been carried out to study the effect of varying the linear and nonlinear absorbance parameters of both absorbers on output pulse widths. Experiments closely agree with the simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20optics" title="fiber optics">fiber optics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20lasers" title=" fiber lasers"> fiber lasers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20locking" title=" mode locking"> mode locking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturable%20absorbers" title=" saturable absorbers"> saturable absorbers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157130/mode-locked-fiber-laser-using-charcoal-and-graphene-saturable-absorbers-to-generate-20-ghz-and-50-ghz-pulse-trains-respectively" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">287</span> Sparse Coding Based Classification of Electrocardiography Signals Using Data-Driven Complete Dictionary Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuad%20Noman">Fuad Noman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sh-Hussain%20Salleh"> Sh-Hussain Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chee-Ming%20Ting"> Chee-Ming Ting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadri%20Hussain"> Hadri Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Rasul"> Syed Rasul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a data-driven dictionary approach is proposed for the automatic detection and classification of cardiovascular abnormalities. Electrocardiography (ECG) signal is represented by the trained complete dictionaries that contain prototypes or atoms to avoid the limitations of pre-defined dictionaries. The data-driven trained dictionaries simply take the ECG signal as input rather than extracting features to study the set of parameters that yield the most descriptive dictionary. The approach inherently learns the complicated morphological changes in ECG waveform, which is then used to improve the classification. The classification performance was evaluated with ECG data under two different preprocessing environments. In the first category, QT-database is baseline drift corrected with notch filter and it filters the 60 Hz power line noise. In the second category, the data are further filtered using fast moving average smoother. The experimental results on QT database confirm that our proposed algorithm shows a classification accuracy of 92%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocardiogram" title="electrocardiogram">electrocardiogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dictionary%20learning" title=" dictionary learning"> dictionary learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sparse%20coding" title=" sparse coding"> sparse coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52418/sparse-coding-based-classification-of-electrocardiography-signals-using-data-driven-complete-dictionary-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">286</span> Time Overrun in Pre-Construction Planning Phase of Construction Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Usama%20Imad">Hafiz Usama Imad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Akram%20Akhund"> Muhammad Akram Akhund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tauha%20Hussain%20Ali"> Tauha Hussain Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Raza%20Khoso"> Ali Raza Khoso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fida%20Hussain%20Siddiqui"> Fida Hussain Siddiqui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Construction industry plays a significant role in fulfilling the major requirements of the human being. It is one of the major constituents of every developed country. Although the construction industry of both the developing and developed countries encompasses a major part of the economy, and millions of rupees are utilized every year on various kinds of construction projects. But, this industry is facing numerous hurdles in terms of its budget and timely completion. Construction projects generally consist of several phases like planning, designing, execution, and finishing. This research study aims to determine the significant factors of time overrun in pre-construction planning (PCP) phase of construction projects in Pakistan. Questionnaires were distributed by various means and responses of respondents were compiled and collected data were then analyzed through a statistical technique using SPSS version 24. Major causes of time overrun in pre-construction planning phase; which is an extremely important phase of construction projects, were revealed. The research conclusion will provide a pathway for stakeholders to pay attention to the mentioned causes to overcome the major issue of time overrun. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20industry" title="construction industry">construction industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-construction%20planning%20phase" title=" pre-construction planning phase"> pre-construction planning phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20overrun" title=" time overrun"> time overrun</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98799/time-overrun-in-pre-construction-planning-phase-of-construction-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">285</span> Project Time Prediction Model: A Case Study of Construction Projects in Sindh, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tauha%20Hussain%20Ali">Tauha Hussain Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabir%20Hussain%20Khahro"> Shabir Hussain Khahro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nafees%20Ahmed%20Memon"> Nafees Ahmed Memon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accurate prediction of project time for planning and bid preparation stage should contain realistic dates. Constructors use their experience to estimate the project duration for the new projects, which is based on intuitions. It has been a constant concern to both researchers and constructors to analyze the accurate prediction of project duration for bid preparation stage. In Pakistan, such study for time cost relationship has been lacked to predict duration performance for the construction projects. This study is an attempt to explore the time cost relationship that would conclude with a mathematical model to predict the time for the drainage rehabilitation projects in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. The data has been collected from National Engineering Services (NESPAK), Pakistan and regression analysis has been carried out for the analysis of results. Significant relationship has been found between time and cost of the construction projects in Sindh and the generated mathematical model can be used by the constructors to predict the project duration for the upcoming projects of same nature. This study also provides the professionals with a requisite knowledge to make decisions regarding project duration, which is significantly important to win the projects at the bid stage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BTC%20Model" title="BTC Model">BTC Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20time" title=" project time"> project time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relationship%20of%20time%20cost" title=" relationship of time cost"> relationship of time cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50762/project-time-prediction-model-a-case-study-of-construction-projects-in-sindh-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">284</span> Environmental Effects on Energy Consumption of Smart Grid Consumers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Ali">S. M. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Salam%20Khan"> A. Salam Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20U.%20Khan"> A. U. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tariq"> M. Tariq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Hussain"> M. S. Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20A.%20Abbasi"> B. A. Abbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Hussain"> I. Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Farid"> U. Farid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environment and surrounding plays a pivotal rule in structuring life-style of the consumers. Living standards intern effect the energy consumption of the consumers. In smart grid paradigm, climate drifts, weather parameter and green environmental directly relates to the energy profiles of the various consumers, such as residential, commercial and industrial. Considering above factors helps policy in shaping utility load curves and optimal management of demand and supply. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop correlation models of load and weather parameters and critical analysis of the factors effecting energy profiles of smart grid consumers. In this paper, we elaborated various environment and weather parameter factors effecting demand of consumers. Moreover, we developed correlation models, such as Pearson, Spearman, and Kendall, an inter-relation between dependent (load) parameter and independent (weather) parameters. Furthermore, we validated our discussion with real-time data of Texas State. The numerical simulations proved the effective relation of climatic drifts with energy consumption of smart grid consumers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climatic%20drifts" title="climatic drifts">climatic drifts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation%20analysis" title=" correlation analysis"> correlation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20grid" title=" smart grid"> smart grid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weather%20parameter" title=" weather parameter"> weather parameter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55390/environmental-effects-on-energy-consumption-of-smart-grid-consumers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">283</span> Space Debris Mitigation: Solutions from the Dark Skies of the Remote Australian Outback Using a Proposed Network of Mobile Astronomical Observatories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Akbar%20Hussain">Muhammad Akbar Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Mehdi%20Hussain"> Muhammad Mehdi Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqar%20Haider"> Waqar Haider</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are tens of thousands of undetected and uncatalogued pieces of space debris in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO). They are not only difficult to be detected and tracked, their sheer number puts active satellites and humans in orbit around Earth into danger. With the entry of more governments and private companies into harnessing the Earth’s orbit for communication, research and military purposes, there is an ever-increasing need for not only the detection and cataloguing of these pieces of space debris, it is time to take measures to take them out and clean up the space around Earth. Current optical and radar-based Space Situational Awareness initiatives are useful mostly in detecting and cataloguing larger pieces of debris mainly for avoidance measures. Smaller than 10 cm pieces are in a relatively dark zone, yet these are deadly and capable of destroying satellites and human missions. A network of mobile observatories, connected to each other in real time and working in unison as a single instrument, may be able to detect small pieces of debris and achieve effective triangulation to help create a comprehensive database of their trajectories and parameters to the highest level of precision. This data may enable ground-based laser systems to help deorbit individual debris. Such a network of observatories can join current efforts in detection and removal of space debris in Earth’s orbit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20debris" title="space debris">space debris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20earth%20orbit" title=" low earth orbit"> low earth orbit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20observatories" title=" mobile observatories"> mobile observatories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triangulation" title=" triangulation"> triangulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seamless%20operability" title=" seamless operability"> seamless operability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143368/space-debris-mitigation-solutions-from-the-dark-skies-of-the-remote-australian-outback-using-a-proposed-network-of-mobile-astronomical-observatories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">282</span> Optimization of Catalyst Parameters to Get Chlorine Free Bimetallic Catalysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noreen%20Sajjad%20Ghulam%20Hussain">Noreen Sajjad Ghulam Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Catalysts are prepared by simple physical mixing and thermal treatment of support and metal acetate precursors.The effect of metal ratio and metal loading to produce highly active catalyst for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol are studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title="catalyst">catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetates" title=" acetates"> acetates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzyl%20alcohols" title=" benzyl alcohols "> benzyl alcohols </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1867/optimization-of-catalyst-parameters-to-get-chlorine-free-bimetallic-catalysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">281</span> Synergistic Effect of Zr-Modified Cu-ZnO-Al₂O₃ and Bio-Templated HZSM-5 Catalysts in CO₂ Hydrogenation to Methanol and DME</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abrar%20Hussain">Abrar Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuen-Song%20Lin"> Kuen-Song Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayed%20Maeen%20Badshah"> Sayed Maeen Badshah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamshid%20Hussain"> Jamshid Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The conversion of CO₂ into versatile, useful compounds such as fuels and other chemicals remains a challenging frontier in research, demanding the innovation of increasingly effective catalysts. In the present work, a catalyst-incorporating zirconium (Zr) modification within CuO–ZnO–Al₂O₃ (CZA) was synthesized via a co-precipitation method to convert CO₂ into methanol. Furthermore, bio-HZSM-5 was used to promote methanol dehydration to produce dimethyl ether (DME). We prepared the porous hierarchy bio-HZSM-5 with remarkable pore connectivity by utilizing an economical loofah sponge and rice husks as biotemplates. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), X–ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption (BET), temperature-programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The Zr addition improved the performance of the CZZA catalyst as a structural promoter, leading to increased DME selectivity and total carbon conversion by enhancing active sites, surface area, and the synergistic interfaces between CuO and ZnO. The presence of silicon in the biomass, notably from the loofah sponge (0.016 wt %) and rice husks (8.3 wt %), also performed a pivotal role in the preparation of bio-HZSM-5. Furthermore, contrasted to the CZZA/com-ZSM-5 catalyst, the integration of CZZA with bio-HZSM-5-L bifunctional catalyst achieved the highest DME yield (12.1 %), DME selectivity (58.6%), CO₂ conversion (22.5%) at 280 °C and 30 bar. The payback time for 5 and 10-tons per day (5 and10-TPD) DME formation using the catalytic process of CO₂ from petrochemical refinery plant waste gas emissions was 2.98 and 2.44 years, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cost%20assessment" title="Cost assessment">Cost assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimethyl%20ether" title=" Dimethyl ether"> Dimethyl ether</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-cost%20bio-HZSM-5" title=" low-cost bio-HZSM-5"> low-cost bio-HZSM-5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CZZA%20catalyst" title=" CZZA catalyst"> CZZA catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20hydrogenation" title=" CO₂ hydrogenation"> CO₂ hydrogenation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194172/synergistic-effect-of-zr-modified-cu-zno-al2o3-and-bio-templated-hzsm-5-catalysts-in-co2-hydrogenation-to-methanol-and-dme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">280</span> Fashion Blogging as a Marketing Tool: A Cross-Cultural Investigation to Help the Emerging Fashion Markets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubab%20Ashiq">Rubab Ashiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bazaz%20Pinky"> Bazaz Pinky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last decade, the emerging phenomenon of fashion blogging has altered the fashion landscape by providing new avenues of marketing to the fashion brands and designers. Given the growing popularity of this trend, there is a potential research scope within the developing fashion markets in South Asia as the majority of the previous studies have been centralized in the context of an established fashion industry. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide an insight on how these newly established marketplaces can benefit by incorporating fashion blogging as a marketing tool in a cross-cultural context. For this reason, the established fashion industry of UK and emerging fashion market of Pakistan was chosen to address the impact of cross-cultural differences on blogging based on the idea of individualism and collectivism. The study used a qualitative approach, using the semi-structured interviews with the fashion industry professionals including PR experts, fashion designers and fashion bloggers Additionally, a questionnaire was designed to gauge consumer’s perception of the blogging from the chosen fashion industries. It is established through the research findings that blogging has evolved from a trend to a strategic public relations and marketing tool in the established fashion industry, which is progressively growing its roots in the new emerging fashion markets. Furthermore, it is evaluated from the research that the cross-cultural differences have a positive impact on fashion blogging. Thus, this research paper serves as the guideline for the emerging fashion markets to incorporate fashion blogging as a marketing tool which can facilitate effective cross-cultural communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blogging" title="blogging">blogging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20marketing" title=" digital marketing"> digital marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural" title=" cross-cultural"> cross-cultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89593/fashion-blogging-as-a-marketing-tool-a-cross-cultural-investigation-to-help-the-emerging-fashion-markets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">279</span> Industrial Hemp Agronomy and Fibre Value Chain in Pakistan: Current Progress, Challenges, and Prospects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saddam%20Hussain">Saddam Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghadeer%20Mohsen%20Albadrani"> Ghadeer Mohsen Albadrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pakistan is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Being a country where 23% of the country’s GDP relies on agriculture, this is a serious cause of concern. Introducing industrial hemp in Pakistan can help build climate resilience in the agricultural sector of the country, as hemp has recently emerged as a sustainable, eco-friendly, resource-efficient, and climate-resilient crop globally. Hemp has the potential to absorb huge amounts of CO₂, nourish the soil, and be used to create various biodegradable and eco-friendly products. Hemp is twice as effective as trees at absorbing and locking up carbon, with 1 hectare (2.5 acres) of hemp reckoned to absorb 8 to 22 tonnes of CO₂ a year, more than any woodland. Along with its high carbon-sequestration ability, it produces higher biomass and can be successfully grown as a cover crop. Hemp can grow in almost all soil conditions and does not require pesticides. It has fast-growing qualities and needs only 120 days to be ready for harvest. Compared with cotton, hemp requires 50% less water to grow and can produce three times higher fiber yield with a lower ecological footprint. Recently, the Government of Pakistan has allowed the cultivation of industrial hemp for industrial and medicinal purposes, making it possible for hemp to be reinserted into the country’s economy. Pakistan’s agro-climatic and edaphic conditions are well-suitable to produce industrial hemp, and its cultivation can bring economic benefits to the country. Pakistan can enter global markets as a new exporter of hemp products. The production of hemp in Pakistan can be most exciting to the workforce, especially for farmers participating in hemp markets. The minimum production cost of hemp makes it affordable to small holding farmers, especially those who need their cropping system to be as highly sustainable as possible. Dr. Saddam Hussain is leading the first pilot project of Industrial Hemp in Pakistan. In the past three years, he has been able to recruit high-impact research grants on industrial hemp as Principal Investigator. He has already screened the non-toxic hemp genotypes, tested the adaptability of exotic material in various agroecological conditions, formulated the production agronomy, and successfully developed the complete value chain. He has developed prototypes (fabric, denim, knitwear) using hemp fibre in collaboration with industrial partners and has optimized the indigenous fibre processing techniques. In this lecture, Dr. Hussain will talk on hemp agronomy and its complete fibre value chain. He will discuss the current progress, and will highlight the major challenges and future research direction on hemp research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20hemp" title="industrial hemp">industrial hemp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20sustainability" title=" agricultural sustainability"> agricultural sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agronomic%20evaluation" title=" agronomic evaluation"> agronomic evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemp%20value%20chain" title=" hemp value chain"> hemp value chain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168496/industrial-hemp-agronomy-and-fibre-value-chain-in-pakistan-current-progress-challenges-and-prospects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">278</span> Fabrication and Characterization of Folic Acid-Grafted-Thiomer Enveloped Liposomes for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Docetaxel </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhan%20Sohail">Farhan Sohail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gul%20Shahnaz%20Irshad%20Hussain"> Gul Shahnaz Irshad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoaib%20Sarwar"> Shoaib Sarwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Javed"> Ibrahim Javed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zajif%20Hussain"> Zajif Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akhtar%20Nadhman"> Akhtar Nadhman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was aimed to develop a hybrid nanocarrier (NC) system with enhanced membrane permeability, bioavailability and targeted delivery of Docetaxel (DTX) in breast cancer. Hybrid NC’s based on folic acid (FA) grafted thiolated chitosan (TCS) enveloped liposomes were prepared with DTX and evaluated in-vitro and in-vivo for their enhanced permeability and bioavailability. Physicochemical characterization of NC’s including particle size, morphology, zeta potential, FTIR, DSC, PXRD, encapsulation efficiency and drug release from NC’s was determined in vitro. Permeation enhancement and p-gp inhibition were performed through everted sac method on freshly excised rat intestine which indicated that permeation was enhanced 5 times as compared to pure DTX and the hybrid NC’s were strongly able to inhibit the p-gp activity as well. In-vitro cytotoxicity and tumor targeting was done using MDA-MB-231 cell line. The stability study of the formulations performed for 3 months showed the improved stability of FA-TCS enveloped liposomes in terms of its particles size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency as compared to TCS NP’s and liposomes. The pharmacokinetic study was performed in vivo using rabbits. The oral bioavailability and AUC0-96 was increased 10.07 folds with hybrid NC’s as compared to positive control. Half-life (t1/2) was increased 4 times (58.76 hrs) as compared to positive control (17.72 hrs). Conclusively, it is suggested that FA-TCS enveloped liposomes have strong potential to enhance permeability and bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs after oral administration and tumor targeting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=docetaxel" title="docetaxel">docetaxel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coated%20liposome" title=" coated liposome"> coated liposome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeation%20enhancement" title=" permeation enhancement"> permeation enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20bioavailability" title=" oral bioavailability"> oral bioavailability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45575/fabrication-and-characterization-of-folic-acid-grafted-thiomer-enveloped-liposomes-for-enhanced-oral-bioavailability-of-docetaxel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">277</span> Analysis of Rural Roads in Developing Countries Using Principal Component Analysis and Simple Average Technique in the Development of a Road Safety Performance Index</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tufail">Muhammad Tufail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawad%20Hussain"> Jawad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammad%20Hussain"> Hammad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Hafeez"> Imran Hafeez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Ahmad"> Naveed Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road safety performance index is a composite index which combines various indicators of road safety into single number. Development of a road safety performance index using appropriate safety performance indicators is essential to enhance road safety. However, a road safety performance index in developing countries has not been given as much priority as needed. The primary objective of this research is to develop a general Road Safety Performance Index (RSPI) for developing countries based on the facility as well as behavior of road user. The secondary objectives include finding the critical inputs in the RSPI and finding the better method of making the index. In this study, the RSPI is developed by selecting four main safety performance indicators i.e., protective system (seat belt, helmet etc.), road (road width, signalized intersections, number of lanes, speed limit), number of pedestrians, and number of vehicles. Data on these four safety performance indicators were collected using observation survey on a 20 km road section of the National Highway N-125 road Taxila, Pakistan. For the development of this composite index, two methods are used: a) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and b) Equal Weighting (EW) method. PCA is used for extraction, weighting, and linear aggregation of indicators to obtain a single value. An individual index score was calculated for each road section by multiplication of weights and standardized values of each safety performance indicator. However, Simple Average technique was used for weighting and linear aggregation of indicators to develop a RSPI. The road sections are ranked according to RSPI scores using both methods. The two weighting methods are compared, and the PCA method is found to be much more reliable than the Simple Average Technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indicators" title="indicators">indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregation" title=" aggregation"> aggregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principle%20component%20analysis" title=" principle component analysis"> principle component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighting" title=" weighting"> weighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=index%20score" title=" index score"> index score</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132175/analysis-of-rural-roads-in-developing-countries-using-principal-component-analysis-and-simple-average-technique-in-the-development-of-a-road-safety-performance-index" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">276</span> Fixed Points of Contractive-Like Operators by a Faster Iterative Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safeer%20Hussain%20Khan">Safeer Hussain Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we prove a strong convergence result using a recently introduced iterative process with contractive-like operators. This improves and generalizes corresponding results in the literature in two ways: the iterative process is faster, operators are more general. In the end, we indicate that the results can also be proved with the iterative process with error terms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contractive-like%20operator" title="contractive-like operator">contractive-like operator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iterative%20process" title=" iterative process"> iterative process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20point" title=" fixed point"> fixed point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strong%20convergence" title=" strong convergence"> strong convergence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3818/fixed-points-of-contractive-like-operators-by-a-faster-iterative-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">275</span> Intrinsic Motivational Factor of Students in Learning Mathematics and Science Based on Electroencephalogram Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norzaliza%20Md.%20Nor">Norzaliza Md. Nor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sh-Hussain%20Salleh"> Sh-Hussain Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahyar%20Hamedi"> Mahyar Hamedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadrina%20Hussain"> Hadrina Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wahab%20Abdul%20Rahman"> Wahab Abdul Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Motivational factor is mainly the students’ desire to involve in learning process. However, it also depends on the goal towards their involvement or non-involvement in academic activity. Even though, the students’ motivation might be in the same level, but the basis of their motivation may differ. In this study, it focuses on the intrinsic motivational factor which student enjoy learning or feeling of accomplishment the activity or study for its own sake. The intrinsic motivational factor of students in learning mathematics and science has found as difficult to be achieved because it depends on students’ interest. In the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) for mathematics and science, Malaysia is ranked as third lowest. The main problem in Malaysian educational system, students tend to have extrinsic motivation which they have to score in exam in order to achieve a good result and enrolled as university students. The use of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals has found to be scarce especially to identify the students’ intrinsic motivational factor in learning science and mathematics. In this research study, we are identifying the correlation between precursor emotion and its dynamic emotion to verify the intrinsic motivational factor of students in learning mathematics and science. The 2-D Affective Space Model (ASM) was used in this research in order to identify the relationship of precursor emotion and its dynamic emotion based on the four basic emotions, happy, calm, fear and sad. These four basic emotions are required to be used as reference stimuli. Then, in order to capture the brain waves, EEG device was used, while Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) was adopted to be used for extracting the features before it will be feed to Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) to classify the valence and arousal axes for the ASM. The results show that the precursor emotion had an influence the dynamic emotions and it identifies that most students have no interest in mathematics and science according to the negative emotion (sad and fear) appear in the EEG signals. We hope that these results can help us further relate the behavior and intrinsic motivational factor of students towards learning of mathematics and science. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG" title="EEG">EEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MLP" title=" MLP"> MLP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MFCC" title=" MFCC"> MFCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrinsic%20motivational%20factor" title=" intrinsic motivational factor"> intrinsic motivational factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52426/intrinsic-motivational-factor-of-students-in-learning-mathematics-and-science-based-on-electroencephalogram-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">274</span> Impact of Economic Globalization on Ecological Footprint in India: Evidenced with Dynamic ARDL Simulations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammed%20Ashiq%20Villanthenkodath">Muhammed Ashiq Villanthenkodath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shreya%20Pal"> Shreya Pal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: This study scrutinizes the impact of economic globalization on ecological footprint while endogenizing economic growth and energy consumption from 1990 to 2018 in India. Design/methodology/approach: The standard unit root test has been employed for time series analysis to unveil the integration order. Then, the cointegration was confirmed using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) analysis. Further, the study executed the dynamic ARDL simulation model to estimate long-run and short-run results along with simulation and robotic prediction. Findings: The cointegration analysis confirms the existence of a long-run association among variables. Further, economic globalization reduces the ecological footprint in the long run. Similarly, energy consumption decreases the ecological footprint. In contrast, economic growth spurs the ecological footprint in India. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature in many ways. First, unlike studies that employ CO2 emissions and globalization nexus, this study employs ecological footprint for measuring environmental quality; since it is the broader measure of environmental quality, it can offer a wide range of climate change mitigation policies for India. Second, the study executes a multivariate framework with updated series from 1990 to 2018 in India to explore the link between EF, economic globalization, energy consumption, and economic growth. Third, the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model has been used to explore the short and long-run association between the series. Finally, to our limited knowledge, this is the first study that uses economic globalization in the EF function of India amid facing a trade-off between sustainable economic growth and the environment in the era of globalization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20globalization" title="economic globalization">economic globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20footprint" title=" ecological footprint"> ecological footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20ARDL%20simulation%20model" title=" dynamic ARDL simulation model"> dynamic ARDL simulation model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156005/impact-of-economic-globalization-on-ecological-footprint-in-india-evidenced-with-dynamic-ardl-simulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">273</span> Numerical Investigation of Hybrid Ferrofluid Unsteady Flow through Porous Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wajahat%20Hussain%20Khan">Wajahat Hussain Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zubair%20Akbar%20Qureshi"> M. Zubair Akbar Qureshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The viscous, two-dimensional, incompressible, and laminar time-dependent heat transfer flow through a ferromagnetic fluid is considered in this paper. Flow takes place in a channel between two porous walls under the influence of the magnetic field located beyond the channel. It is assumed that there are no electric field effects and the variation in the magnetic field vector that could occur within the F <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20ferrofluid" title="hybrid ferrofluid">hybrid ferrofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20channel" title=" porous channel"> porous channel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129946/numerical-investigation-of-hybrid-ferrofluid-unsteady-flow-through-porous-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">272</span> Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation of Diethyl Phthalate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chedly%20Tizaoui">Chedly Tizaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Mohammed"> Hussain Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lobna%20Mansouri"> Lobna Mansouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nidal%20Hilal"> Nidal Hilal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latifa%20Bousselmi"> Latifa Bousselmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The degradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) was studied using heterogeneous catalytic ozonation. Activated carbon was used as a catalyst. The degradation of DEP with ozone alone was slow while catalytic ozonation increased degradation rates. Second-order reaction kinetics was used to describe the experimental data, and the corresponding rate constant values were 1.19 and 3.94 M-1.s-1 for ozone and ozone/activated carbon respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ozone" title="ozone">ozone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20catalytic%20ozonation" title=" heterogeneous catalytic ozonation"> heterogeneous catalytic ozonation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diethyl%20phthalate" title=" diethyl phthalate"> diethyl phthalate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endocrine%20disrupting%20chemicals" title=" endocrine disrupting chemicals"> endocrine disrupting chemicals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67074/heterogeneous-catalytic-ozonation-of-diethyl-phthalate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67074.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">271</span> Metric Dimension on Line Graph of Honeycomb Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hussain">M. Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqsa%20Farooq"> Aqsa Farooq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let G = (V,E) be a connected graph and distance between any two vertices a and b in G is a−b geodesic and is denoted by d(a, b). A set of vertices W resolves a graph G if each vertex is uniquely determined by its vector of distances to the vertices in W. A metric dimension of G is the minimum cardinality of a resolving set of G. In this paper line graph of honeycomb network has been derived and then we calculated the metric dimension on line graph of honeycomb network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Resolving%20set" title="Resolving set">Resolving set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Metric%20dimension" title=" Metric dimension"> Metric dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Honeycomb%20network" title=" Honeycomb network"> Honeycomb network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Line%20graph" title=" Line graph"> Line graph</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101558/metric-dimension-on-line-graph-of-honeycomb-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">270</span> Construction of Pile Foundation Using Slow and Old Equipments at Srinagar, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azmat%20Hussain">Azmat Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Great Taj Mahal is built on well foundation. Well foundation can be constructed on the dry bed or after making sand Island. Cassions are relatively easy to construct provide sinking operations are smooth without much hindrance. Well foundation have many constructional difficulties, viz prolonged sinking period, tilting etc. These problems become worse and take more time when working season is winter. Especially in Indian Areas like Jammu & Kashmir (Srinagar) where technology lacks. The only thing Engineers can do is to wait till working conditions become suitable. A case study is presented in the paper exploring the feasibility of pile foundation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well%20foundation" title="well foundation">well foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20foundation" title=" pile foundation"> pile foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equipments%20used" title=" equipments used"> equipments used</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20construction" title=" pile construction"> pile construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26095/construction-of-pile-foundation-using-slow-and-old-equipments-at-srinagar-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">269</span> Practical Experiences as Part of Project Management Course</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hussain">H. Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20H.%20Mohamad"> N. H. Mohamad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Practical experiences have been one of the successful criteria for the Project Management course for the art and design students. There are series of events that the students have to undergo as part of their practical exercises in the learning context for Project Management courses. These series have been divided into few mini programs that involved the whole individual in each group. Therefore, the events have been one of the bench marks for these students. Through the practical experience, the task that has been given to individual has been performed according to the needs of professional practice and ethics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practical%20experience" title="practical experience">practical experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20management" title=" project management"> project management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=art%20and%20design%20students" title=" art and design students"> art and design students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=events" title=" events"> events</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programs" title=" programs"> programs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28606/practical-experiences-as-part-of-project-management-course" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">557</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">268</span> Using Machine Learning Techniques to Extract Useful Information from Dark Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigar%20Hussain">Nigar Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is a subset of big data. Dark data means those data in which we fail to use for future decisions. There are many issues in existing work, but some need powerful tools for utilizing dark data. It needs sufficient techniques to deal with dark data. That enables users to exploit their excellence, adaptability, speed, less time utilization, execution, and accessibility. Another issue is the way to utilize dark data to extract helpful information to settle on better choices. In this paper, we proposed upgrade strategies to remove the dark side from dark data. Using a supervised model and machine learning techniques, we utilized dark data and achieved an F1 score of 89.48%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title="big data">big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20data" title=" dark data"> dark data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heatmap" title=" heatmap"> heatmap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20forest" title=" random forest"> random forest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191942/using-machine-learning-techniques-to-extract-useful-information-from-dark-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">267</span> A Comparative Study about the Use of SMS in Formal Writing of the Students in Universities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Hussain">Sajjad Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Technology has revolutionized the way of communication around the globe. Its use and users are multiplying with every passing minute. The current study reveals the effect of SMS on the formal writing of the students. Students are the regular users of this service and have become addict to short language. This short language is understandable to a particular community and not to the whole as it does not adhere to the Standard English writing practices. Data has been collected from quiz, assignments text and through questionaries’ which supports this postulate that students are frequently practicing it in their formal writing. Certain corrosive measures needs to be taken to address the issue. Second language learners have been found it practicing to greater extent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20technology" title="information technology">information technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMS" title=" SMS"> SMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=messaging" title=" messaging"> messaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet" title=" internet"> internet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17047/a-comparative-study-about-the-use-of-sms-in-formal-writing-of-the-students-in-universities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">266</span> Software Architecture Optimization Using Swarm Intelligence Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arslan%20Ellahi">Arslan Ellahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Amjad%20Hussain"> Syed Amjad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawaz%20Saleem%20Bokhari"> Fawaz Saleem Bokhari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optimization of software architecture can be done with respect to a quality attributes (QA). In this paper, there is an analysis of multiple research papers from different dimensions that have been used to classify those attributes. We have proposed a technique of swarm intelligence Meta heuristic ant colony optimization algorithm as a contribution to solve this critical optimization problem of software architecture. We have ranked quality attributes and run our algorithm on every QA, and then we will rank those on the basis of accuracy. At the end, we have selected the most accurate quality attributes. Ant colony algorithm is an effective algorithm and will perform best in optimizing the QA’s and ranking them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complexity" title="complexity">complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapid%20evolution" title=" rapid evolution"> rapid evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swarm%20intelligence" title=" swarm intelligence"> swarm intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensions" title=" dimensions"> dimensions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94992/software-architecture-optimization-using-swarm-intelligence-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">265</span> Spatiotemporal Community Detection and Analysis of Associations among Overlapping Communities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JooYoung%20Lee">JooYoung Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasheed%20Hussain"> Rasheed Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the relationships among communities of users is the key to blueprint the evolution of human society. Majority of people are equipped with GPS devices, such as smart phones and smart cars, which can trace their whereabouts. In this paper, we discover communities of device users based on real locations in a given time frame. We, then, study the associations of discovered communities, referred to as temporal communities, and generate temporal and probabilistic association rules. The rules describe how strong communities are associated. By studying the generated rules, we can automatically extract underlying hierarchies of communities and permanent communities such as work places. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=association%20rules" title="association rules">association rules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20detection" title=" community detection"> community detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolution%20of%20communities" title=" evolution of communities"> evolution of communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatiotemporal" title=" spatiotemporal"> spatiotemporal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62840/spatiotemporal-community-detection-and-analysis-of-associations-among-overlapping-communities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashiq%20Hussain&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashiq%20Hussain&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashiq%20Hussain&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashiq%20Hussain&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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