CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11">  <script defer src="https://analytics.libchalk.com/pixel/XpyzG5go54veXjny"></script>   <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/c8209262-bd1e-4a78-a881-1065fbc8c9e6/OtAutoBlock.js" ></script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-document-language="true" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="c8209262-bd1e-4a78-a881-1065fbc8c9e6" ></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script>  <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <title>Identity management beyond the LC/NACO Authority File Hanging Together</title> <meta name="description" content="The OCLC RLP Metadata Managers Focus Group met in March 2023 to explore new developments in the shift from “authority control” towards “identity management.”" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Identity management beyond the LC/NACO Authority File Hanging Together" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The OCLC RLP Metadata Managers Focus Group met in March 2023 to explore new developments in the shift from “authority control” towards “identity management.”" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Hanging Together" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/OCLCResearch" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-05-24T14:18:18+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-10-23T14:48:08+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Wonderland_Sculpture._Calgary._-_Flickr_-_Bernard_Spragg.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1024" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="651" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="Richard Urban" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Identity management beyond the LC/NACO Authority File Hanging Together" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The OCLC RLP Metadata Managers Focus Group met in March 2023 to explore new developments in the shift from “authority control” towards “identity management.”" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Wonderland_Sculpture._Calgary._-_Flickr_-_Bernard_Spragg.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@OCLC" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@OCLC" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/"},"author":{"name":"Richard Urban","@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/#/schema/person/c20fe1f6cc19cd3225d34860e3355d7d"},"headline":"Identity management beyond the LC/NACO Authority File","datePublished":"2023-05-24T14:18:18+00:00","dateModified":"2023-10-23T14:48:08+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/"},"wordCount":2134,"publisher":{"@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Wonderland_Sculpture._Calgary._-_Flickr_-_Bernard_Spragg.jpg","keywords":["identity management","metadata managers focus group","name authorities"],"articleSection":["Identifiers","Linked Data","Metadata","Metadata Managers"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/","url":"https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/","name":"Identity management beyond the LC/NACO Authority File Hanging Together","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Wonderland_Sculpture._Calgary._-_Flickr_-_Bernard_Spragg.jpg","datePublished":"2023-05-24T14:18:18+00:00","dateModified":"2023-10-23T14:48:08+00:00","description":"The OCLC RLP Metadata Managers Focus Group met in March 2023 to explore new developments in the shift from “authority control” towards “identity management.”","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/#primaryimage","url":"https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Wonderland_Sculpture._Calgary._-_Flickr_-_Bernard_Spragg.jpg","contentUrl":"https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Wonderland_Sculpture._Calgary._-_Flickr_-_Bernard_Spragg.jpg","width":1024,"height":651,"caption":"Wondland Sculpture. Calgary. via Wikimedia Commons"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://hangingtogether.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Identity management beyond the LC/NACO Authority File"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/#website","url":"https://hangingtogether.org/","name":"Hanging Together","description":"the OCLC Research blog","publisher":{"@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://hangingtogether.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/#organization","name":"OCLC Research","url":"https://hangingtogether.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/oclc.png","contentUrl":"https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/oclc.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"OCLC Research"},"image":{"@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/OCLCResearch","https://x.com/OCLC","https://www.instagram.com/oclc_global/","https://www.linkedin.com/company/oclc","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCs-wuW3X9PVzyCX9kEyI9ig"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/#/schema/person/c20fe1f6cc19cd3225d34860e3355d7d","name":"Richard Urban","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://hangingtogether.org/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5c7889e85c5a60d59404d902a4f2bc5e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5c7889e85c5a60d59404d902a4f2bc5e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Richard Urban"},"url":"https://hangingtogether.org/author/richard/"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ws.sharethis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Hanging Together » Feed" href="https://hangingtogether.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Hanging Together » Comments Feed" href="https://hangingtogether.org/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Hanging Together » Identity management beyond the LC/NACO Authority File Comments Feed" href="https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/feed/" />  <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4PEMK6QELS" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript"> var mi_version = '9.2.2'; var mi_track_user = true; var mi_no_track_reason = ''; var MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/hangingtogether.org\/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file\/"}; if ( typeof MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery ) : MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations ); } else { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery : MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations; } var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-4PEMK6QELS', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.MonsterInsightsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (mi_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dZGIzZG': true, }); if ( MonsterInsightsLocations.page_location ) { __gtagTracker('set', MonsterInsightsLocations); } __gtagTracker('config', 'G-4PEMK6QELS', {"forceSSL":"true","link_attribution":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', 'referrer' : 'page_referrer', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/hangingtogether.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://hangingtogether.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hitmag-pro-fonts-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ubuntu%3A400%2C500%2C700%7CLato%3A400%2C700%2C400italic%2C700italic%7COpen+Sans%3A400%2C400italic%2C700&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/themes/hitmag-pro/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=4.7.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hitmag-pro-style-css' href='https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/themes/hitmag-pro-child-ht/style.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jquery-flexslider-css' href='https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/themes/hitmag-pro/css/flexslider.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jquery-magnific-popup-css' href='https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/themes/hitmag-pro/css/magnific-popup.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='kirki_google_fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato%3A700%7COpen+Sans%3Aregular%2C700&subset=latin-ext&ver=3.0.15' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='kirki-styles-global-css' href='https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/themes/hitmag-pro/inc/kirki/assets/css/kirki-styles.css?ver=3.0.15' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='kirki-styles-global-inline-css' type='text/css'> .site-title{font-family:Lato, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:36px;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;line-height:1.2;}body{font-family:"Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;line-height:1.4;color:#000000;}#hm-tabs .hm-tab-anchor,.arc-page-title,.cat-links,.footer-widget-title,.hm-top-bar,.main-navigation,.post-navigation .meta-nav,.srch-page-title,.widget-title{font-family:"Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;}#hm-search-form .search-form .search-submit,.th-readmore,a.hm-viewall,button, input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"]{font-family:"Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;}.main-navigation ul{font-size:14px;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-family:"Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;}h1{font-size:36px;}h2{font-size:32px;}h3{font-size:28px;}h4{font-size:24px;}h5{font-size:20px;}h6{font-size:16px;}.site-title a:hover{color:#eeeeee;}.site-header{background-color:#ffffff;}.hitmag-page .entry-title,.hitmag-post .entry-title a,.hitmag-single .entry-title,.hmb-entry-title a,.hms-title a,.hmw-grid-post .post-title a,.widget_post_views_counter_list_widget a.post-title{color:#222222;}.hitmag-post .entry-meta,.hitmag-post .entry-meta a,.hitmag-single .entry-meta,.hitmag-single .entry-meta a,.hmb-entry-meta, .hms-meta, .hmb-entry-meta a, .hms-meta a{color:#888888;}a{color:#2178b5;}a:hover{color:#ff7600;}#hm-search-form .search-form .search-submit,.search-form .search-submit,.th-readmore,a.hm-viewall,button,input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"]{background-color:#2178b5;}#hm-search-form .search-form .search-submit,.search-form .search-submit,.th-readmore,.th-readmore:visited,a.hm-viewall,a.hm-viewall:visited,button,input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"]{color:#ffffff;}#hm-search-form .search-form .search-submit:hover,.search-form .search-submit:hover,.th-readmore:hover,a.hm-viewall:hover,button:hover,input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="reset"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:hover{background-color:#ff7600;color:#ffffff;}#main-nav-button,.main-navigation{background-color:#5f4894;}#main-nav-button,.hm-search-button-icon,.main-navigation a{color:#dddddd;}#main-nav-button:hover,.main-navigation .current-menu-ancestor > a,.main-navigation .current-menu-item > a,.main-navigation .current_page_ancestor > a,.main-navigation .current_page_item > a,.main-navigation a:hover{background-color:#312259;color:#ffffff;}.main-navigation ul ul,.responsive-mainnav{background-color:#5f4894;}.main-navigation ul ul a,.responsive-mainnav li a{color:#dddddd;}.main-navigation ul ul .current-menu-ancestor > a,.main-navigation ul ul .current-menu-item > a,.main-navigation ul ul .current_page_ancestor > a,.main-navigation ul ul .current_page_item > a,.main-navigation ul ul a:hover,.responsive-mainnav li a:hover{background-color:#312259;color:#ffffff;}.hm-top-bar,.hm-topnavbutton{background-color:#ECF0F1;}#top-nav-button,.hm-top-bar,.top-navigation a{color:#222222;}#top-nav-button:hover,.top-navigation .current-menu-ancestor > a,.top-navigation .current-menu-item > a,.top-navigation .current_page_ancestor > a,.top-navigation .current_page_item > a,.top-navigation a:hover{color:#e74c3c;}.responsive-topnav,.top-navigation ul ul{background-color:#ECF0F1;}.responsive-topnav li a,.top-navigation ul ul a{color:#222222;}.responsive-topnav li a:hover,.top-navigation ul ul .current-menu-ancestor > a,.top-navigation ul ul .current-menu-item > a,.top-navigation ul ul .current_page_ancestor > a,.top-navigation ul ul .current_page_item > a,.top-navigation ul ul a:hover{background-color:#E74C3C;color:#ffffff;}.site-footer{background-color:#333333;}.footer-widget-title{color:#eeeeee;}.footer-widget-area,.footer-widget-area .hmb-entry-meta,.footer-widget-area .hmb-entry-meta a,.footer-widget-area .hmb-entry-summary,.footer-widget-area .hms-meta,.footer-widget-area .hms-meta a{color:#cccccc;}.footer-widget-area .hmb-entry-title a,.footer-widget-area .hms-title a,.footer-widget-area .hmw-grid-post .post-title a,.footer-widget-area a{color:#dddddd;}.footer-widget-area .hmb-entry-meta a:hover,.footer-widget-area .hmb-entry-title a:hover,.footer-widget-area .hms-meta a:hover,.footer-widget-area .hms-title a:hover,.footer-widget-area .hmw-grid-post .post-title a:hover,.footer-widget-area a:hover,.site-info a:hover{color:#ff7600;}.site-info{background-color:#222222;}.site-info,.site-info a{color:#ffffff;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-for-wordpress/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js?ver=9.2.2" id="monsterinsights-frontend-script-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" id='monsterinsights-frontend-script-js-extra'>/* <![CDATA[ */ var monsterinsights_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"doc,pdf,ppt,zip,xls,docx,pptx,xlsx","inbound_paths":"[{\"path\":\"\\\/go\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"},{\"path\":\"\\\/recommend\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"}]","home_url":"https:\/\/hangingtogether.org","hash_tracking":"false","v4_id":"G-4PEMK6QELS"};/* ]]> */ </script> <script id='st_insights_js' type="text/javascript" src="https://ws.sharethis.com/button/st_insights.js?publisher=4d48b7c5-0ae3-43d4-bfbe-3ff8c17a8ae6&product=simpleshare&ver=8.5.0" id="ssba-sharethis-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script>  <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/12449" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://hangingtogether.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://hangingtogether.org/?p=12449' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fhangingtogether.org%2Fidentity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fhangingtogether.org%2Fidentity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file%2F&format=xml" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/plugins/category-specific-rss-feed-menu/wp_cat_rss_style.css" /> <style type="text/css">.saboxplugin-wrap{ border-top-style:solid !important; border-top-color: !important; border-bottom-style:solid !important; border-bottom-color: !important; border-left-style:solid !important; border-left-color: !important; border-right-style:solid !important; border-right-color: !important;}.saboxplugin-authorname .sabox-job-title{font-size:12px;opacity:.7;display: inline-block;margin-left: 10px;}</style> <style type="text/css"> .post-navigation .post-title:hover { color: #2178b5; } .responsive-mainnav li a:hover, .responsive-topnav li a:hover { background: #2178b5; } .nav-links .current { background: #2178b5; } .widget-title { border-bottom: 2px solid #2178b5; } .footer-widget-title { border-bottom: 2px solid #2178b5; } .widget-area a:hover { color: #2178b5; } .footer-widget-area a:hover { color: #2178b5; } .site-info a:hover { color: #2178b5; } .hmb-entry-title a:hover { color: #2178b5; } .hmb-entry-meta a:hover, .hms-meta a:hover { color: #2178b5; } .hms-title a:hover { color: #2178b5; } .hmw-grid-post .post-title a:hover { color: #2178b5; } .hm-tabs-wdt .ui-state-active { border-bottom: 2px solid #2178b5; } #hitmag-tags a, .widget_tag_cloud .tagcloud a { background: #2178b5; } .site-title a { color: #2178b5; } .hitmag-post .entry-title a:hover { color: #2178b5; } .hitmag-post .entry-meta a:hover { color: #2178b5; } .cat-links a { color: #2178b5; } .hitmag-single .entry-meta a:hover { color: #2178b5; } .hitmag-single .author a:hover { color: #2178b5; } .hm-author-content .author-posts-link { color: #2178b5; } .hm-tags-links a:hover { background: #2178b5; } .hm-tagged { background: #2178b5; } .hm-edit-link a.post-edit-link { background: #2178b5; } .arc-page-title { border-bottom: 2px solid #2178b5; } .srch-page-title { border-bottom: 2px solid #2178b5; } .hm-post-style-2.th-hero-container .cat-links, .hmig-post .cat-links, .hm-slider-details .cat-links { background: #2178b5; } .hm-rel-post .post-title a:hover { color: #2178b5; } .comment-author a { color: #2178b5; } .comment-metadata a:hover, .comment-metadata a:focus, .pingback .comment-edit-link:hover, .pingback .comment-edit-link:focus { color: #2178b5; } .comment-reply-link:hover, .comment-reply-link:focus { background: #2178b5; } .required { color: #2178b5; } blockquote { border-left: 3px solid #2178b5; } .hmajax-btn:hover { background: #2178b5; border: 1px solid #2178b5; } .hmw-spinner > div { background: #2178b5; } .comment-reply-title small a:before { color: #2178b5; } </style> <style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style> <style type="text/css"> .site-title a, .site-description { color: #ffffff; } </style> <style type="text/css">.saboxplugin-wrap{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-ms-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #eee;width:100%;clear:both;display:block;overflow:hidden;word-wrap:break-word;position:relative}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar{float:left;padding:0 20px 20px 20px}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar img{max-width:100px;height:auto;border-radius:0;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname{font-size:18px;line-height:1;margin:20px 0 0 20px;display:block}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname a{text-decoration:none}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname a:focus{outline:0}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc{display:block;margin:5px 20px}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc a{text-decoration:underline}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc p{margin:5px 0 12px}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-web{margin:0 20px 15px;text-align:left}.saboxplugin-wrap .sab-web-position{text-align:right}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-web a{color:#ccc;text-decoration:none}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials{position:relative;display:block;background:#fcfcfc;padding:5px;border-top:1px solid #eee}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a svg{width:20px;height:20px}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a svg .st2{fill:#fff; transform-origin:center center;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a svg .st1{fill:rgba(0,0,0,.3)}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a:hover{opacity:.8;-webkit-transition:opacity .4s;-moz-transition:opacity .4s;-o-transition:opacity .4s;transition:opacity .4s;box-shadow:none!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials .saboxplugin-icon-color{box-shadow:none;padding:0;border:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .4s;-moz-transition:opacity .4s;-o-transition:opacity .4s;transition:opacity .4s;display:inline-block;color:#fff;font-size:0;text-decoration:inherit;margin:5px;-webkit-border-radius:0;-moz-border-radius:0;-ms-border-radius:0;-o-border-radius:0;border-radius:0;overflow:hidden}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials .saboxplugin-icon-grey{text-decoration:inherit;box-shadow:none;position:relative;display:-moz-inline-stack;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;zoom:1;margin:10px 5px;color:#444;fill:#444}.clearfix:after,.clearfix:before{content:' ';display:table;line-height:0;clear:both}.ie7 .clearfix{zoom:1}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-twitch{border-color:#38245c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-addthis{border-color:#e91c00}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-behance{border-color:#003eb0}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-delicious{border-color:#06c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-deviantart{border-color:#036824}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-digg{border-color:#00327c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-dribbble{border-color:#ba1655}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-facebook{border-color:#1e2e4f}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-flickr{border-color:#003576}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-github{border-color:#264874}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-google{border-color:#0b51c5}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-googleplus{border-color:#96271a}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-html5{border-color:#902e13}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-instagram{border-color:#1630aa}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-linkedin{border-color:#00344f}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-pinterest{border-color:#5b040e}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-reddit{border-color:#992900}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-rss{border-color:#a43b0a}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-sharethis{border-color:#5d8420}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-skype{border-color:#00658a}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-soundcloud{border-color:#995200}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-spotify{border-color:#0f612c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-stackoverflow{border-color:#a95009}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-steam{border-color:#006388}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-user_email{border-color:#b84e05}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-stumbleUpon{border-color:#9b280e}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-tumblr{border-color:#10151b}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-twitter{border-color:#0967a0}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-vimeo{border-color:#0d7091}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-windows{border-color:#003f71}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-whatsapp{border-color:#003f71}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-wordpress{border-color:#0f3647}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-yahoo{border-color:#14002d}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-youtube{border-color:#900}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-xing{border-color:#000202}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-mixcloud{border-color:#2475a0}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-vk{border-color:#243549}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-medium{border-color:#00452c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-quora{border-color:#420e00}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-meetup{border-color:#9b181c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-goodreads{border-color:#000}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-snapchat{border-color:#999700}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-500px{border-color:#00557f}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-mastodont{border-color:#185886}.sab-patreon{border-color:#fc573b}.sabox-plus-item{margin-bottom:20px}@media screen and (max-width:480px){.saboxplugin-wrap{text-align:center}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar{float:none;padding:20px 0;text-align:center;margin:0 auto;display:block}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar img{float:none;display:inline-block;display:-moz-inline-stack;vertical-align:middle;zoom:1}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc{margin:0 10px 20px;text-align:center}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname{text-align:center;margin:10px 0 20px}}body .saboxplugin-authorname a,body .saboxplugin-authorname a:hover{box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none}a.sab-profile-edit{font-size:16px!important;line-height:1!important}.sab-edit-settings a,a.sab-profile-edit{color:#0073aa!important;box-shadow:none!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important}.sab-edit-settings{margin-right:15px;position:absolute;right:0;z-index:2;bottom:10px;line-height:20px}.sab-edit-settings i{margin-left:5px}.saboxplugin-socials{line-height:1!important}.rtl .saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar{float:right}.rtl .saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname{display:flex;align-items:center}.rtl .saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname .sab-profile-edit{margin-right:10px}.rtl .sab-edit-settings{right:auto;left:0}img.sab-custom-avatar{max-width:75px;}.saboxplugin-wrap {margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding: 0px 0px }.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname {font-size:18px; line-height:25px;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc p, .saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc {font-size:14px !important; line-height:21px !important;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-web {font-size:14px;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a svg {width:18px;height:18px;}.saboxplugin-tabs-wrapper { width: 100%; display: block; clear: both; overflow: auto; } .saboxplugin-tabs-wrapper ul{ margin:0px; padding: 0px; } .saboxplugin-tabs-wrapper ul li { list-style: none; float: left; color: #222222; padding: 8px 20px; background-color: #e4e4e4; box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid #c7c7c7; } .saboxplugin-tabs-wrapper ul li.active, .saboxplugin-tabs-wrapper ul li:hover{ color: #222222; background-color: #efefef; border-bottom: 1px solid #c7c7c7; cursor:pointer; } .saboxplugin-tab{ padding:20px; } .saboxplugin-tab ul{ margin:0px; padding: 0px; } .saboxplugin-tab ul li{ list-style: none; }.saboxplugin-authorname .sabox-job-title{font-size:12px;opacity:.7;display: inline-block;margin-left: 10px;}</style><script>(function ($) { $(document).ready(function () { $(".saboxplugin-tabs-wrapper").on("click", "li", function () { $(this).parents(".saboxplugin-wrap").children(".saboxplugin-tab").hide(); $(this).parents(".saboxplugin-wrap").children(".saboxplugin-tab-" + $(this).data("tab")).show(); }); }); })(jQuery);</script><link rel="icon" href="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-favicon-512-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-favicon-512-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-favicon-512-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-favicon-512-270x270.png" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> p a {text-decoration:underline;} #secondary.widget-area a {text-decoration:underline;} a:hover {text-decoration:underline;} .main-navigation ul { font-weight: normal; } /* author page images */ .avatar { border-radius: 50%; } div.archive-thumb { width:200px; height:auto; } div.archive-thumb img { width:100%; overflow:hidden; } .header-main-area {background-image: url("https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/banner-dark.png");} .site-description { color:#ccc;} </style> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-12449 single-format-standard hitmag-full-width group-blog th-right-sidebar"> <div id="page" class="site hitmag-wrapper"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header" role="banner"> <div class="header-main-area"> <div class="hm-container"> <div class="site-branding"> <div class="site-branding-content"> <div class="hm-logo"> </div> <div class="hm-site-title"> <p class="site-title"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/" rel="home">Hanging Together</a></p> <p class="site-description">the OCLC Research blog</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hm-nav-container"> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation" role="navigation"> <div class="hm-container"> <div class="menu-main-navigation-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-6473" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-6473"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6494" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6494"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/about-hanging-togther/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10032" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10032"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/subscribe-to-hanging-together/">Subscribe to Hanging Together</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13147" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13147"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/oclc-org-cookie-list/">Cookies used on the OCLC.org website</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="hm-search-button-icon"></div> <div class="hm-search-box-container"> <div class="hm-search-box"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://hangingtogether.org/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="#" class="navbutton" id="main-nav-button">Main Menu</a> <div class="responsive-mainnav"></div> </div> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div class="hm-container"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <article id="post-12449" class="hitmag-single post-12449 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-identifiers category-linked-data category-metadata-2 category-metadata-managers tag-identity-management tag-metadata-managers-focus-group tag-name-authorities"> <header class="entry-header"> <div class="cat-links"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/identifiers/" rel="category tag">Identifiers</a> / <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/linked-data/" rel="category tag">Linked Data</a> / <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/metadata-2/" rel="category tag">Metadata</a> / <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/metadata-managers/" rel="category tag">Metadata Managers</a></div><h1 class="entry-title">Identity management beyond the LC/NACO Authority File</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-05-24T07:18:18-07:00">May 24, 2023</time><time class="updated" datetime="2023-10-23T07:48:08-07:00">October 23, 2023</time></a></span><span class="meta-sep"> - </span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://hangingtogether.org/author/richard/">Richard Urban</a></span></span><span class="meta-sep"> - </span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/#comments">3 Comments.</a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Wonderland_Sculpture._Calgary._-_Flickr_-_Bernard_Spragg.jpg" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Wonderland Sculpture. Calgary. Bernard Spragg. NZ from Christchurch, New Zealand, PDM-owner, via Wikimedia Commons</figcaption></figure> <p>The OCLC RLP Metadata Managers Focus Group met in March 2023 to explore new developments in the shift from “authority control” towards “identity management.” Our discussion was facilitated by Charlene Chou of New York University, Joy Panigabutra-Roberts of the University of Tennessee, and John Riemer of UCLA.</p> <p>This shift is a familiar topic for Metadata Managers and was a prominent feature of Karen Smith-Yoshimura’s <em><a href="https://www.oclc.org/research/publications/2020/oclcresearch-transitioning-next-generation-metadata.html">Transitioning to the Next Generation of Metadata</a></em> report and in multiple posts here on Hanging Together (read more about <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/?s=identity+management">identity management</a> on Hanging Together).</p> <p>The current work of the <a href="https://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/advisory/identity-management.html">Identity Management Advisory Committee (IMAC)</a> of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) returns us to this topic now. The <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HH2jT6s4ibTOv56AkXFyFLFsY79EZXGjQssME85bcOM/edit?usp=sharing">PCC Timeline for Implementing Identity Management in Multiple Registries</a> explores what steps the PCC may need to take to use identity management registries beyond the LC NACO authority file (LC/NAF) in PCC cataloging workflows. We asked members of the Metadata Managers Focus Group to tell us:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>What lessons they’ve learned from using other identity management platforms in their workflows</li> <li>How are they incorporating non-LC/NAF sources into their local cataloging workflows</li> <li>What the opportunities and threats are  for expanding PCC cataloging beyond the LC/NAF</li> </ul> <p>We received responses from 11 members of the group and had further discussions during two virtual sessions.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Summary</h2> <p>One of my favorite quotes from science fiction author William Gibson — “The future is here; it’s just not evenly distributed yet”—aptly describes much of our conversation about identity management outside of LC/NAF. Organizations with staff resources and platforms ready to integrate with non-LC/NAF identifiers are doing so when those entities are fit for purpose. This is especially true when looking beyond the catalog and into research information management and/or digital asset management of unique collections. Librarians who have engaged with <a href="https://info.orcid.org/">ORCID</a>, <a href="https://snaccooperative.org/">SNAC</a> (Social Networks and Archival Context), <a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page">Wikidata</a>, and other identity management platforms find that the benefits can outweigh their anxieties about working outside of NACO files. These alternatives do not diminish the time and intellectual work that goes into managing identities. However, these alternatives’ clear governance policies and technical affordances can make the work more efficient.</p> <p>For the many libraries not in the vanguard, broader adoption of identity management beyond the LC/NAF requires workflow safeguards and technological solutions. Our discussions indicate that librarians succeed most when URIs or other persistent identifiers allow them to make connections across multiple platforms. Changes in the <em>MARC 21 formats </em>provide a mechanism for recording this data, but these will only be valuable if corresponding systems and workflows can use incorporated identifiers. Our conversations also demonstrated the value of PCC pilot projects in helping us focus on solutions that work.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Key takeaways</h2> <p><strong>We’re already doing this in various environments. </strong>Respondents noted that in some environments, this is not a new development. With the growth of the adoption of persistent identifier systems (PIDs), such as <a href="https://orcid.org/">ORCID</a> and <a href="https://www.crossref.org/community/ror/">ROR</a>, libraries have been incorporating other identity management sources when describing resources in institutional repositories and ETD workflows. These PIDs continue to fulfill some of linked data’s promise by being the “glue” between library catalogs, repositories, and research information management (RIM)/current research information systems (CRIS).</p> <p>Participants discussed the benefits of alternative identity management sources for special and distinctive collections where the managed identities fall outside the current requirements for establishing NACO headings. While some organizations are participating in <a href="https://snaccooperative.org/">Social Networks and Archival Context (SNAC)</a>, many respondents noted their increased use of Wikidata, especially in digital repositories.</p> <p><strong>Workflows are becoming clearer. </strong>Thanks in large part to pilot projects, such as the <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_PCC_Wikidata_Pilot">PCC Wikidata Pilot</a>, the <a href="https://wiki.lyrasis.org/display/PCCISNI/PCC+ISNI+Pilot+Home">PCC ISNI Pilot</a>, and the <a href="https://wiki.lyrasis.org/display/pccidmgt/URIs+in+MARC+Pilot">PCC URIs in MARC Pilot</a>, libraries are finding ways to incorporate other identity management platforms into their workflows. For example, NYU noted they routinely include 024 (other standard identifiers) fields in authority records with ISNI, VIAF, and Wikidata identifiers and also others like ORCID and Union List of Artist Names (ULAN) when appropriate for the person described.</p> <p>Using the lessons learned in these pilots, Columbia has also developed a new workflow “…to allow catalogers without NACO training to create Wikidata items for persons. These Wikidata items then could be easily converted into ‘lite’ NACO records by NACO-certified catalogers.”  (<a href="https://blogs.cul.columbia.edu/tsl/2021/06/08/pcc-wikidata-pilot-expanding-authority-control-to-identity-management/">https://blogs.cul.columbia.edu/tsl/2021/06/08/pcc-wikidata-pilot-expanding-authority-control-to-identity-management/</a>)</p> <p>The University of Washington has continued a project begun under the PCC Wikidata Pilot that resulted in Wikidata application profiles for <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_PCC_Wikidata_Pilot/University_of_Washington/Application_Profiles/Faculty_and_Staff">Faculty and Staff</a> and <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_PCC_Wikidata_Pilot/University_of_Washington/Application_Profiles/Graduate_Students">Graduate Students</a>. Once a Wikidata entity is created, these URIs are directly incorporated into MARC records for electronic thesis and dissertations (ETD).</p> <p class="has-background" style="background-color:#d9d9d6">035 __ |a (OCoLC)1100482956<br />100 1_ |a Brewer, Aaron W., |e author |1 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q91591340">http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q91591340</a><br />700 1_ |a Teng, Fang-Zhen, |e degree supervisor |1  <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q81485621">http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q81485621</a></p> <p><strong>Going beyond LC authority files can allow catalogers to remediate problematic gaps. But it also comes with risks.</strong></p> <p>Several participants noted that using vocabularies outside the LC/NAF and LCSH allowed them to use culturally relevant names for Indigenous communities. At the University of Chicago, archivists who previously only used LC Subject Headings for cultural group names are exploring identity management options that allow them to circumvent problematic terms. “By utilizing controlled vocabularies created and maintained by subject experts who work with Indigenous communities, the archivists hope to make records more discoverable for the people whose cultures and ancestors are described…. Archivists select a vocabulary to use based on which has the most subject expert input for Indigenous communities in the particular geographic region… For example, [the] finding aid to the<a href="https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.LAVESG"> Gerhardt Laves Papers</a>. Here, an archives processing student assistant corrected Laves’ spelling of several Australian Aboriginal cultures and languages based on<a href="https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/search"> AustLang</a>. For instance, we used AustLang to identify the correct spelling for the Karajarri community (spelling in Laves’ materials Karadjeri) and the Yawuru community (spelled in Laves’ materials Yuwari).”</p> <p>Similar efforts are underway at the University of Sydney. “We apply Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people headings from the AustLang database in selected theses records in our Institutional Repository….We [also] use <a href="https://www.austlit.edu.au/blackwords">BlackWords in AustLit</a> and the <a href="https://aiatsis.gov.au/research/guides-and-resources/people-and-languages">Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Biographical Index</a> (ABI) to ascertain the heritage of the Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander authors and then add notes in the metadata to highlight their heritage.” <a href="https://sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/61USYD_INST/1c0ug48/alma991014510019705106">View example record</a>. At the same time, these examples highlight the promises and perils of moving outside of known rules of LC/NAF.</p> <p>While these examples use a trusted, authoritative source, another participant noted: “There are also ethical concerns—how much faith can we put in each service to respect the privacy and dignity of the people being described? Can we control/remediate any harm being done in the same way that we can in the NAF?” Another participant emphasizes that “…well-meaning majority-white institutions might unintentionally expose individuals from historically marginalized groups to harm or harassment, and majority identity library workers sometimes lack enough cultural awareness to accurately describe or label individuals from underrepresented groups.”</p> <p><strong>Trust, efficiency, lower costs, technical affordances, and good governance policies and procedures are what we’re looking for in new identity management environments.<br /></strong>We asked respondents, “what criteria do you consider important in selecting an identity management source.”</p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/identityManagement_criteria-scaled.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="510" src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/identityManagement_criteria-1024x510.jpg" alt="Mind map visually mapping the concepts discussed in the text around Technical, Costs, Trust, Efficiency, and Governance." class="wp-image-12450" srcset="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/identityManagement_criteria-1024x510.jpg 1024w, https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/identityManagement_criteria-300x150.jpg 300w, https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/identityManagement_criteria-768x383.jpg 768w, https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/identityManagement_criteria-1536x766.jpg 1536w, https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/identityManagement_criteria-2048x1021.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">This mindmap visually summarizes the criteria mentioned by participants in their responses and our discussions. </figcaption></figure> <p><strong>Trust</strong>. Above all, librarians feel that any identity management services they will use need to be trusted. This is not only because the information a service provides is current and correct, but it is offered through stable endpoints that can be relied on in production environments. Especially for inclusion in linked-data records, having persistent URIs is essential.</p> <p>Currently, we place a great deal of trust in the Library of Congress and NACO-trained catalogers because of the strong governance model they provide. This community provides mutual support, documentation, and training to ensure the quality of its authority file. While it is unlikely other identity management services will replicate this quality at the same level, having a clear governance structure is an important consideration. For example:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Do its values reflect those of the library community? </li> <li>Is there a clear support channel for technical help and/or to report errors/problems?</li> <li>Is it inclusive of different communities/individuals being identified?</li> <li>Does it have mechanisms in place to prevent or mitigate the harms from vandalism?    </li> </ul> <p><strong>Efficiency. </strong>Librarians’ interest in alternative identity management often comes back to how they can make their work more efficient. Identity management sources that are not comprehensive in the area of description are not up to date or are inconsistent in their coverage, making poor targets for inclusion. Instead, our participants sought out sources that were fit for purpose (e.g. ORCID for scholars, Discogs for music, IMDB for movies, or specialized resources like AustLang, etc.).</p> <p>An identity management source should also allow workflows to flow smoothly. Several contributors noted that the advantages of Wikidata were the low barriers to entry, timeliness of URI generation, and ease of contributions/updates. Participants recognize these features sit in tension with the desire for trusted and efficient targets because it results in duplicates that need to be disambiguated or merged. Valued services provide additional structured properties that aid in disambiguation beyond just looking for closely matching string labels.</p> <p>Respondents stressed that non-LC/NAF authorities do not necessarily reduce the time and effort inherent in identity management. Instead, their focus was on the capabilities of these platforms, which allowed them to focus on the intellectual aspects of identity management and less on data management. There is also concern that non-LC/NAF sources could exacerbate problems with duplicates.</p> <p><strong>Technical affordances. </strong>Many of our participants also saw value in the modern technical infrastructures provided by the alternatives to LC/NAF, especially when using linked data.</p> <p>Participants indicated that a criteria for adopting a new identity management platform includes:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>conformance to basic Linked Data principles</li> <li>ability to be serialized in multiple ways, such as JSON-LD, CSV, etc.</li> <li>support multiple languages and scripts and use language tags to localize preferred labels</li> </ul> <p>Many linked-data-ready services also increase their value to libraries by offering an API, SPARQL endpoint, or OpenRefine reconciliation service. This allows metadata creators to work in batches and makes these services more efficient at larger scales. This is especially true when combined with tools and techniques that help disambiguate or cluster similar name strings and/or entity properties. Libraries still operating in older systems may find it more difficult to integrate these services. However, modern library service platforms (LSPs), repositories, and DAMs are increasingly adapting to include these sources.</p> <p>The use of alternatives is not limited to identity management services that are based on library-specific data models. However, those services that have a close alignment to library models are more readily integrated into existing workflows. Identity management services with a clear, consistent, and (relatively) stable data model are preferred.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">The road ahead</h2> <p>Metadata Managers have many aspirations that are tempered by concerns about what going beyond the LC/NAF means for identity management.</p> <p>Using other platforms can increase the inclusion of entities that don’t neatly fit into current bibliographic practices. This can allow us to address current harms and further align our practices with the needs of specific communities. Loosening the control we have on authority record workflows means we can also invite more people into the process in ways that augment library expertise and result in the creation of more identifiers/greater coverage of the entities in bibliographic data. At the same time, we recognize there are dangers in possibly diluting our resources with lower-quality entities that create more work for librarians.</p> <p>Libraries hope that new identity management platforms can be implemented in ways that lower costs. This may come through increased efficiencies or by being able to rely on less-demanding training requirements needed for staff to perform identity management tasks. Many of the emerging alternatives are also free to use without a direct cost to the library that uses them. Instead, the costs are borne by other agents within the metadata ecosystem—whether that’s through memberships in collaboratives like CrossRef, ORCID, SNAC, or through philanthropic funding that supports the Wikimedia Foundation/Wikidata. Librarians are also wary that we could invest time, labor, and intellectual efforts that contribute to identity management environments outside of library control. If there is value in this work, it could be captured in the future if the terms and conditions of use change to more closed models.</p> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> <p><em>What do these conversations mean for OCLC? In my next post, I’ll interview Jeff Mixter to learn more about how he’s taken his work on OCLC Research pilot projects into developing production services for WorldCat Entities and linked data. </em><a id="_msocom_1"></a></p> <p></p> <div class="saboxplugin-wrap" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemscope itemprop="author"><div class="saboxplugin-tab saboxplugin-tab-about"><div class="saboxplugin-gravatar"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5c7889e85c5a60d59404d902a4f2bc5e?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5c7889e85c5a60d59404d902a4f2bc5e?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' itemprop="image"/></div><div class="saboxplugin-authorname"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/author/richard/" class="vcard author" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="fn" itemprop="name">Richard Urban</span></a></div><div class="saboxplugin-desc"><div itemprop="description"></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="ssba-classic-2 ssba ssbp-wrap alignleft ssbp--theme-1"><div style="text-align:left"><a data-site="facebook" class="ssba_facebook_share ssba_share_link" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?t=Identity management beyond the LC/NACO Authority File&u=https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/" target=_blank style="color:; background-color: ; height: 48px; width: 48px; " ><img decoding="async" src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/facebook.png" style="width: 35px;" title="facebook" class="ssba ssba-img" alt="Share on facebook" /><div title="Facebook" class="ssbp-text">Facebook</div></a><a data-site="twitter" class="ssba_twitter_share ssba_share_link" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Identity management beyond the LC/NACO Authority File&url=https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/&via=" target=_blank style="color:; background-color: ; height: 48px; width: 48px; " ><img decoding="async" src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/twitter.png" style="width: 35px;" title="twitter" class="ssba ssba-img" alt="Share on twitter" /><div title="Twitter" class="ssbp-text">Twitter</div></a><a data-site="whatsapp" class="ssba_whatsapp_share ssba_share_link" href="https://web.whatsapp.com/send?text=https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/" target=_blank style="color:; background-color: ; height: 48px; width: 48px; " ><img decoding="async" src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/whatsapp.png" style="width: 35px;" title="whatsapp" class="ssba ssba-img" alt="Share on whatsapp" /><div title="Whatsapp" class="ssbp-text">Whatsapp</div></a><a data-site="email" class="ssba_email_share ssba_share_link" href="mailto:?subject=Identity management beyond the LC/NACO Authority File&body=https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/" target=_blank style="color:; background-color: ; height: 48px; width: 48px; " ><img decoding="async" src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/email.png" style="width: 35px;" title="email" class="ssba ssba-img" alt="Share on email" /><div title="Email" class="ssbp-text">Email</div></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> </footer> </article> <div id="comments" class="comments-area"> <h3 class="comments-title"> 3 Comments on “Identity management beyond the LC/NACO Authority File” </h3> <ol class="comment-list"> <li id="comment-138110" class="comment even thread-even depth-1 parent"> <article id="div-comment-138110" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5c7889e85c5a60d59404d902a4f2bc5e?s=50&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5c7889e85c5a60d59404d902a4f2bc5e?s=100&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-50 photo' height='50' width='50' decoding='async'/> <b class="fn"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org" class="url" rel="ugc">Richard Urban</a></b> <span class="says">says:</span> </div> <div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/#comment-138110"><time datetime="2023-06-01T11:00:14-07:00">June 1, 2023 at 11:00 am</time></a> </div> </footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>Hi Patricia!</p> <p>I went back through the responses for this session to confirm I hadn’t missed something. Only one response mentioned Getty vocabularies by name. This was a fairly small group and I’d expect to see them in a wider set of responses. Certainly, Getty vocabularies have exactly the kind of governance and reliability that metadata managers are looking for when choosing additional vocabularies. </p> <p>Thanks for re-sharing the link to your DEI presentation!</p> </div> </article> <ol class="children"> <li id="comment-138116" class="comment odd alt depth-2"> <article id="div-comment-138116" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/24e5ae11dee00372bf8cf2559db09718?s=50&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/24e5ae11dee00372bf8cf2559db09718?s=100&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-50 photo' height='50' width='50' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/> <b class="fn"><a href="https://www.openartdata.org/p/dc.html" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">L Zuckerman</a></b> <span class="says">says:</span> </div> <div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/#comment-138116"><time datetime="2023-06-08T22:14:26-07:00">June 8, 2023 at 10:14 pm</time></a> </div> </footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>Within the Getty Vocabularies, ULAN is problematic for identity management. For artists, it’s ok. But for art dealers, galleries and other owners, its quality as a linked data source is poor. It mixes in the most confusing way persons with organisations so that matching and linking with other better managed sources is problematic. It even groups several persons in a single ULAN record for a “person” marked “composite record”. (see: <a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/page/ulan/500440140" rel="nofollow ugc">http://vocab.getty.edu/page/ulan/500440140</a> ). URIs are not a stable as they should be. It also omits far too many names to be a useful source in areas such as Nazi-looted art. This is an ongoing problem which deserves to be analysed in depth.</p> </div> </article> </li> </ol> </li> <li id="comment-138095" class="comment even thread-odd thread-alt depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-138095" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b65aa7ab0344210f84ec88fb17dc2ce4?s=50&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b65aa7ab0344210f84ec88fb17dc2ce4?s=100&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-50 photo' height='50' width='50' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/> <b class="fn"><a href="https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Patricia Harpring</a></b> <span class="says">says:</span> </div> <div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/#comment-138095"><time datetime="2023-05-24T17:31:32-07:00">May 24, 2023 at 5:31 pm</time></a> </div> </footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>Thanks, Richard, for the interesting article! We hope that the ULAN and the other Getty Vocabularies could increasingly be used in addition to other authority resources by the Library community. It seems that coreferences between resources is our path to a more inclusive future. At a few OCLC venues, we’ve been giving updates on our own efforts to increase multicultural, unbiased, and inclusive content of the Getty Vocabularies, e.g., <a href="https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/Vocabs_unbiased_terminology.pdf" rel="nofollow ugc">https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/Vocabs_unbiased_terminology.pdf</a> Patricia Harpring, Managing Editor, Getty Vocabularies</p> </div> </article> </li> </ol> <p class="no-comments">Comments are closed.</p> </div> </main> </div> <aside id="secondary" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> <div class="theiaStickySidebar"> <section id="custom_html-2" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><h4 class="widget-title">OCLC Research</h4><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><div class="sidebarcallout"> Hanging Together is the blog of OCLC Research. Learn more about OCLC Research on our <a href="http://oclc.org/research/">website.</a> </div></div></section><section id="custom_html-4" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><h4 class="widget-title">Stay Connected</h4><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><div class="sidebarcallout"> <p> <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/subscribe-to-hanging-together/"><b>Sign up</b></a> to have Hanging Together updates sent directly to your inbox and to keep up with the latest news about OCLC Research. </p> </div></div></section><section id="linkcat-19" class="widget widget_links"><h4 class="widget-title">Links</h4> <ul class='xoxo blogroll'> <li><a href="http://www.oclc.org/blog/main/" title="OCLC Blog">Next – OCLC Blog</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.oclc.org/research/default.htm" title="“Where museums, libraries, and archives intersect”">OCLC Research</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.oclc.org/research/partnership/default.htm">OCLC Research Library Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="https://webjunction.org/">WebJunction</a></li> </ul> </section> <section id="categories-6" class="widget widget_categories"><h4 class="widget-title">Categories</h4> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-4"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/archives/">Archives and Special Collections</a> (223) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-199"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/born-digital/">Born-Digital Special Collections</a> (15) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-236"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/collaboration/">Collaboration</a> (29) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-259"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/collections/">Collections</a> (3) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-13"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/collective-collections/">Collective Collections</a> (123) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-189"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/data-science/">Data Science</a> (16) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-7"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/digital-preservation/">Digital Preservation</a> (70) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-30"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/digitization/">Digitization</a> (25) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-172"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/edi/">Equity, Diversity, Inclusion (EDI)</a> (89) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-200"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/evolving-scholarly-record/">Evolving Scholarly Record</a> (12) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-83"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/higher-education-future/">Higher Education Future</a> (8) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-67"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/identifiers/">Identifiers</a> (43) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-17"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/infrastructure-and-standards-support/">Infrastructure and Standards Support</a> (109) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-2"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/libraries/">Libraries</a> (102) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-5"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/lam/">Libraries Archives and Museums</a> (135) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-204"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/libraries-in-the-enterprise/">Libraries in the Enterprise</a> (3) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-260"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/library-futures/">Library Futures</a> (10) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-47"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/library-management/">Library Management</a> (14) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-124"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/linked-data/">Linked Data</a> (58) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-12"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/measurement_and_behaviors/">Measurement and Behaviors</a> (44) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-81"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/metadata-2/">Metadata</a> (119) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-280"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/metadata-managers/">Metadata Managers</a> (4) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-8"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/miscellaneous/">Miscellaneous</a> (179) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-16"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/modeling-new-services/">Modeling new services</a> (113) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-58"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/moocs/">MOOCs</a> (7) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-3"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/museums/">Museums</a> (58) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-263"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/new-model-library/">New Model Library</a> (2) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-182"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/open-access/">Open Access</a> (19) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-9"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/renovating-descriptive-practice/">Renovating Descriptive Practice</a> (130) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-158"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/research-data-management/">Research Data Management</a> (31) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-45"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/research-information-management/">Research Information Management</a> (52) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-6"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/oclc-rlp/">Research Library Partnership</a> (212) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-196"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/research-support/">Research support</a> (64) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-157"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/resource-sharing/">Resource Sharing</a> (10) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-10"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/searching/">Searching</a> (38) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-203"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/shares/">SHARES</a> (10) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-216"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/research-support/social-interoperability/">Social Interoperability</a> (34) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-14"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/supporting-scholarship/">Supporting Scholarship</a> (68) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-44"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/systemwide-organization/">Systemwide Organization</a> (42) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-151"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/user-behavior/">User Behavior Studies and Synthesis</a> (18) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-11"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/visual-resources/">Visual Resources</a> (17) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-198"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/web-archiving/">Web Archiving</a> (14) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-201"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/webjunction/">WebJunction</a> (8) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-202"><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/category/wikimedia/">Wikimedia</a> (43) </li> </ul> </section><section id="ssba_widget-2" class="widget widget_ssba_widget"><h4 class="widget-title">Share Buttons</h4><div class="ssba-classic-2 ssba ssbp-wrap alignleft ssbp--theme-1"><div style="text-align:left"><a data-site="facebook" class="ssba_facebook_share ssba_share_link" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?t=Identity management beyond the LC/NACO Authority File&u=https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/" target=_blank style="color:; background-color: ; height: 48px; width: 48px; " ><img src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/facebook.png" style="width: 35px;" title="facebook" class="ssba ssba-img" alt="Share on facebook" /><div title="Facebook" class="ssbp-text">Facebook</div></a><a data-site="twitter" class="ssba_twitter_share ssba_share_link" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Identity management beyond the LC/NACO Authority File&url=https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/&via=" target=_blank style="color:; background-color: ; height: 48px; width: 48px; " ><img src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/twitter.png" style="width: 35px;" title="twitter" class="ssba ssba-img" alt="Share on twitter" /><div title="Twitter" class="ssbp-text">Twitter</div></a><a data-site="whatsapp" class="ssba_whatsapp_share ssba_share_link" href="https://web.whatsapp.com/send?text=https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/" target=_blank style="color:; background-color: ; height: 48px; width: 48px; " ><img src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/whatsapp.png" style="width: 35px;" title="whatsapp" class="ssba ssba-img" alt="Share on whatsapp" /><div title="Whatsapp" class="ssbp-text">Whatsapp</div></a><a data-site="email" class="ssba_email_share ssba_share_link" href="mailto:?subject=Identity management beyond the LC/NACO Authority File&body=https://hangingtogether.org/identity-management-beyond-the-lc-naco-authority-file/" target=_blank style="color:; background-color: ; height: 48px; width: 48px; " ><img src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/email.png" style="width: 35px;" title="email" class="ssba ssba-img" alt="Share on email" /><div title="Email" class="ssbp-text">Email</div></a></div></div></section><section id="block-12" class="widget widget_block"> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"></div> </section><section id="block-10" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p></p> </section> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="hm-container"> <div class="footer-widget-area"> <div class="footer-sidebar" role="complementary"> <aside id="recent-comments-5" class="widget widget_recent_comments"><h4 class="footer-widget-title">Recent Comments</h4><ul id="recentcomments"><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link">Jackie Dooley</span> on <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/advocacy-and-resourcing-in-special-collections/#comment-139361">Advocacy and resourcing in special collections: Priorities, challenges, and advice from an OCLC RLP leadership roundtable</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link">Perry Reeve Reeve</span> on <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/advocacy-capacity-and-program-building-stewarding-born-digital-archival-collections-in-the-rlp/#comment-138850">Advocacy, capacity, and program building: Stewarding born-digital archival collections in the RLP</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link"><a href="http://oclc.org/research/people/proffitt.html" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Merrilee Proffitt</a></span> on <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/the-oclc-research-library-partnership-and-the-art-of-gathering/#comment-138730">The OCLC Research Library Partnership and the art of gathering</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link">Jackie Dooley</span> on <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/the-oclc-research-library-partnership-and-the-art-of-gathering/#comment-138729">The OCLC Research Library Partnership and the art of gathering</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link">Jackie Dooley</span> on <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/digitization-and-access-in-archives/#comment-138427">Digitization and access in archives</a></li></ul></aside><aside id="categories-3" class="widget widget_categories"><h4 class="footer-widget-title">Categories</h4><form action="https://hangingtogether.org" method="get"><label class="screen-reader-text" for="cat">Categories</label><select name='cat' id='cat' class='postform'> <option value='-1'>Select Category</option> <option class="level-0" value="4">Archives and Special Collections  (223)</option> <option class="level-0" value="199">Born-Digital Special Collections  (15)</option> <option class="level-0" value="236">Collaboration  (29)</option> <option class="level-0" value="259">Collections  (3)</option> <option class="level-0" value="13">Collective Collections  (123)</option> <option class="level-0" value="189">Data Science  (16)</option> <option class="level-0" value="7">Digital Preservation  (70)</option> <option class="level-0" value="30">Digitization  (25)</option> <option class="level-0" value="172">Equity, Diversity, Inclusion (EDI)  (89)</option> <option class="level-0" value="200">Evolving Scholarly Record  (12)</option> <option class="level-0" value="83">Higher Education Future  (8)</option> <option class="level-0" value="67">Identifiers  (43)</option> <option class="level-0" value="17">Infrastructure and Standards Support  (109)</option> <option class="level-0" value="2">Libraries  (102)</option> <option class="level-0" value="5">Libraries Archives and Museums  (135)</option> <option class="level-0" value="204">Libraries in the Enterprise  (3)</option> <option class="level-0" value="260">Library Futures  (10)</option> <option class="level-0" value="47">Library Management  (14)</option> <option class="level-0" value="124">Linked Data  (58)</option> <option class="level-0" value="12">Measurement and Behaviors  (44)</option> <option class="level-0" value="81">Metadata  (119)</option> <option class="level-0" value="280">Metadata Managers  (4)</option> <option class="level-0" value="8">Miscellaneous  (179)</option> <option class="level-0" value="16">Modeling new services  (113)</option> <option class="level-0" value="58">MOOCs  (7)</option> <option class="level-0" value="3">Museums  (58)</option> <option class="level-0" value="263">New Model Library  (2)</option> <option class="level-0" value="182">Open Access  (19)</option> <option class="level-0" value="9">Renovating Descriptive Practice  (130)</option> <option class="level-0" value="158">Research Data Management  (31)</option> <option class="level-0" value="45">Research Information Management  (52)</option> <option class="level-0" value="6">Research Library Partnership  (212)</option> <option class="level-0" value="196">Research support  (68)</option> <option class="level-1" value="216">   Social Interoperability  (34)</option> <option class="level-0" value="157">Resource Sharing  (10)</option> <option class="level-0" value="10">Searching  (38)</option> <option class="level-0" value="203">SHARES  (10)</option> <option class="level-0" value="14">Supporting Scholarship  (68)</option> <option class="level-0" value="44">Systemwide Organization  (42)</option> <option class="level-0" value="151">User Behavior Studies and Synthesis  (18)</option> <option class="level-0" value="11">Visual Resources  (17)</option> <option class="level-0" value="198">Web Archiving  (14)</option> <option class="level-0" value="201">WebJunction  (8)</option> <option class="level-0" value="202">Wikimedia  (43)</option> </select> </form><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "cat" ); function onCatChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value > 0 ) { dropdown.parentNode.submit(); } } dropdown.onchange = onCatChange; })(); /* ]]> */ </script> </aside><aside id="archives-4" class="widget widget_archive"><h4 class="footer-widget-title">Archives</h4> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="archives-dropdown-4">Archives</label> <select id="archives-dropdown-4" name="archive-dropdown"> <option value="">Select Month</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2024/11/'> November 2024  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2024/10/'> October 2024  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2024/09/'> September 2024  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2024/08/'> August 2024  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2024/07/'> July 2024  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2024/06/'> June 2024  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2024/05/'> May 2024  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2024/04/'> April 2024  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2024/03/'> March 2024  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2024/02/'> February 2024  (7)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2024/01/'> January 2024  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2023/12/'> December 2023  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2023/11/'> November 2023  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2023/10/'> October 2023  (9)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2023/09/'> September 2023  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2023/08/'> August 2023  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2023/07/'> July 2023  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2023/06/'> June 2023  (9)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2023/05/'> May 2023  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2023/04/'> April 2023  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2023/03/'> March 2023  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2023/02/'> February 2023  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2023/01/'> January 2023  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2022/12/'> December 2022  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2022/11/'> November 2022  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2022/10/'> October 2022  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2022/09/'> September 2022  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2022/08/'> August 2022  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2022/07/'> July 2022  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2022/06/'> June 2022  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2022/05/'> May 2022  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2022/04/'> April 2022  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2022/03/'> March 2022  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2022/02/'> February 2022  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2022/01/'> January 2022  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2021/12/'> December 2021  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2021/11/'> November 2021  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2021/09/'> September 2021  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2021/08/'> August 2021  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2021/07/'> July 2021  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2021/06/'> June 2021  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2021/05/'> May 2021  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2021/04/'> April 2021  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2021/03/'> March 2021  (18)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2021/02/'> February 2021  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2021/01/'> January 2021  (1)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2020/12/'> December 2020  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2020/11/'> November 2020  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2020/10/'> October 2020  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2020/09/'> September 2020  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2020/08/'> August 2020  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2020/07/'> July 2020  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2020/06/'> June 2020  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2020/05/'> May 2020  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2020/04/'> April 2020  (9)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2020/03/'> March 2020  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2019/12/'> December 2019  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2019/11/'> November 2019  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2019/10/'> October 2019  (7)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2019/08/'> August 2019  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2019/07/'> July 2019  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2019/06/'> June 2019  (1)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2019/05/'> May 2019  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2019/04/'> April 2019  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2019/03/'> March 2019  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2019/02/'> February 2019  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2019/01/'> January 2019  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2018/12/'> December 2018  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2018/11/'> November 2018  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2018/10/'> October 2018  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2018/08/'> August 2018  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2018/07/'> July 2018  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2018/05/'> May 2018  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2018/04/'> April 2018  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2018/03/'> March 2018  (9)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2018/02/'> February 2018  (1)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2018/01/'> January 2018  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2017/11/'> November 2017  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2017/10/'> October 2017  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2017/09/'> September 2017  (1)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2017/08/'> August 2017  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2017/07/'> July 2017  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2017/06/'> June 2017  (8)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2017/05/'> May 2017  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2017/04/'> April 2017  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2017/03/'> March 2017  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2017/02/'> February 2017  (1)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2017/01/'> January 2017  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2016/12/'> December 2016  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2016/11/'> November 2016  (1)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2016/10/'> October 2016  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2016/09/'> September 2016  (1)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2016/08/'> August 2016  (1)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2016/07/'> July 2016  (1)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2016/06/'> June 2016  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2016/05/'> May 2016  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2016/04/'> April 2016  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2016/03/'> March 2016  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2016/02/'> February 2016  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2016/01/'> January 2016  (1)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2015/12/'> December 2015  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2015/10/'> October 2015  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2015/09/'> September 2015  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2015/08/'> August 2015  (1)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2015/07/'> July 2015  (9)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2015/06/'> June 2015  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2015/05/'> May 2015  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2015/04/'> April 2015  (8)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2015/03/'> March 2015  (8)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2015/02/'> February 2015  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2015/01/'> January 2015  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2014/12/'> December 2014  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2014/11/'> November 2014  (12)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2014/10/'> October 2014  (10)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2014/09/'> September 2014  (11)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2014/08/'> August 2014  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2014/07/'> July 2014  (10)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2014/06/'> June 2014  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2014/05/'> May 2014  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2014/04/'> April 2014  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2014/03/'> March 2014  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2014/02/'> February 2014  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2014/01/'> January 2014  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2013/12/'> December 2013  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2013/11/'> November 2013  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2013/10/'> October 2013  (8)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2013/09/'> September 2013  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2013/08/'> August 2013  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2013/07/'> July 2013  (7)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2013/06/'> June 2013  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2013/05/'> May 2013  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2013/04/'> April 2013  (9)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2013/03/'> March 2013  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2013/02/'> February 2013  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2013/01/'> January 2013  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2012/12/'> December 2012  (7)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2012/11/'> November 2012  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2012/10/'> October 2012  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2012/09/'> September 2012  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2012/08/'> August 2012  (8)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2012/07/'> July 2012  (8)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2012/06/'> June 2012  (9)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2012/05/'> May 2012  (7)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2012/04/'> April 2012  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2012/03/'> March 2012  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2012/02/'> February 2012  (7)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2012/01/'> January 2012  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2011/12/'> December 2011  (9)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2011/11/'> November 2011  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2011/10/'> October 2011  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2011/09/'> September 2011  (9)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2011/08/'> August 2011  (1)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2011/07/'> July 2011  (1)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2011/06/'> June 2011  (7)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2011/05/'> May 2011  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2011/04/'> April 2011  (8)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2011/03/'> March 2011  (10)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2011/02/'> February 2011  (1)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2011/01/'> January 2011  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2010/12/'> December 2010  (10)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2010/11/'> November 2010  (7)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2010/10/'> October 2010  (1)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2010/09/'> September 2010  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2010/08/'> August 2010  (7)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2010/07/'> July 2010  (9)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2010/06/'> June 2010  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2010/05/'> May 2010  (2)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2010/04/'> April 2010  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2010/03/'> March 2010  (10)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2010/02/'> February 2010  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2010/01/'> January 2010  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2009/12/'> December 2009  (7)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2009/11/'> November 2009  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2009/10/'> October 2009  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2009/09/'> September 2009  (7)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2009/08/'> August 2009  (12)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2009/07/'> July 2009  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2009/06/'> June 2009  (8)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2009/05/'> May 2009  (16)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2009/04/'> April 2009  (8)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2009/03/'> March 2009  (13)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2009/02/'> February 2009  (11)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2009/01/'> January 2009  (15)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2008/12/'> December 2008  (14)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2008/11/'> November 2008  (14)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2008/10/'> October 2008  (10)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2008/09/'> September 2008  (8)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2008/08/'> August 2008  (11)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2008/07/'> July 2008  (18)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2008/06/'> June 2008  (12)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2008/05/'> May 2008  (8)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2008/04/'> April 2008  (7)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2008/03/'> March 2008  (16)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2008/02/'> February 2008  (15)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2008/01/'> January 2008  (10)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2007/12/'> December 2007  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2007/11/'> November 2007  (10)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2007/10/'> October 2007  (18)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2007/09/'> September 2007  (8)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2007/08/'> August 2007  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2007/07/'> July 2007  (13)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2007/06/'> June 2007  (9)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2007/05/'> May 2007  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2007/04/'> April 2007  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2007/03/'> March 2007  (9)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2007/02/'> February 2007  (5)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2007/01/'> January 2007  (3)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2006/12/'> December 2006  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2006/11/'> November 2006  (8)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2006/10/'> October 2006  (12)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2006/09/'> September 2006  (8)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2006/08/'> August 2006  (9)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2006/07/'> July 2006  (1)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2006/05/'> May 2006  (7)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2006/04/'> April 2006  (10)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2006/03/'> March 2006  (4)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2006/02/'> February 2006  (9)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2006/01/'> January 2006  (6)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2005/12/'> December 2005  (10)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2005/11/'> November 2005  (17)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2005/10/'> October 2005  (10)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2005/09/'> September 2005  (12)</option> <option value='https://hangingtogether.org/2005/08/'> August 2005  (19)</option> </select> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "archives-dropdown-4" ); function onSelectChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value !== '' ) { document.location.href = this.options[ this.selectedIndex ].value; } } dropdown.onchange = onSelectChange; })(); /* ]]> */ </script> </aside><aside id="text-3" class="widget widget_text"><h4 class="footer-widget-title">More about OCLC Research</h4> <div class="textwidget">Visit our <a href="http://oclc.org/research/">web site</a>.</div> </aside> </div> <div class="footer-sidebar" role="complementary"> <aside id="recent-posts-3" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> <h4 class="footer-widget-title">Recent Posts</h4> <ul> <li> <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/advancing-ideas-inclusion-diversity-equity-accessibility-26-november-2024/">Advancing IDEAs: Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, Accessibility, 26 November 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/the-evolving-public-services-landscape-in-special-collections-insights-from-an-oclc-rlp-leadership-roundtable/">The evolving public services landscape in special collections: Insights from an OCLC RLP leadership roundtable </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/futureproofing-library-teams/">Futureproofing library teams</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/transforming-the-library-into-a-research-support-hub/">Transforming the library into a research support hub</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://hangingtogether.org/advancing-ideas-inclusion-diversity-equity-accessibility-12-november-2024/">Advancing IDEAs: Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, Accessibility, 12 November 2024</a> </li> </ul> </aside><aside id="text-7" class="widget widget_text"><h4 class="footer-widget-title">Policy Links</h4> <div class="textwidget"><ul> <li data-pm-slice="1 1 []" data-en-clipboard="true"><a title="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3a%2f%2fpolicies.oclc.org%2fen%2fengagement%2fcode-of-conduct.html&data=05%7c02%7cproffitm%40oclc.org%7ca11a50bf30ea4f723e8b08dc0d9c91bf%7c516a75d7dc984163a03ff918d2a2bc9a%7c0%7c0%7c638400213355500" href="https://policies.oclc.org/en/engagement/code-of-conduct.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" rev="en_rl_none">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li data-pm-slice="1 1 []" data-en-clipboard="true"><a title="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3a%2f%2fpolicies.oclc.org%2fen%2fengagement%2fterms-of-use.html&data=05%7c02%7cproffitm%40oclc.org%7ca11a50bf30ea4f723e8b08dc0d9c91bf%7c516a75d7dc984163a03ff918d2a2bc9a%7c0%7c0%7c638400213355500304" href="https://policies.oclc.org/en/engagement/terms-of-use.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" rev="en_rl_none">Terms of Use</a></li> <li data-pm-slice="1 1 []" data-en-clipboard="true"><a title="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3a%2f%2fpolicies.oclc.org%2fen%2fprivacy%2fprivacy-statement.html%3f_gl%3d1*hrpbkw*_gcl_au*odqxmdmxnjgumty5mtg0mti2mq..&data=05%7c02%7cproffitm%40oclc.org%7ca11a50bf30ea4f723e8b08dc0d9c91bf%7c516a7" href="https://policies.oclc.org/en/privacy/privacy-statement.html?_gl=1*hrpbkw*_gcl_au*ODQxMDMxNjguMTY5MTg0MTI2MQ.." rel="noopener noreferrer" rev="en_rl_none">Privacy Statement</a></li> </ul> </div> </aside><aside id="block-21" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p></p> </aside> </div> <div class="footer-sidebar" role="complementary"> <aside id="meta-5" class="widget widget_meta"><h4 class="footer-widget-title">Admin.</h4> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-login.php">Log in</a></li> <li><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/feed/">Entries feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://hangingtogether.org/comments/feed/">Comments feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://wordpress.org/">WordPress.org</a></li> </ul> </aside><aside id="block-16" class="widget widget_block"> <button id="ot-sdk-btn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings">Cookie Settings</button> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-info"> <div class="hm-container"> <div class="site-info-owner"> © 2024 OCLC || ISSN 2771-4802 </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <style>.comment-form-url, #url {display:none;}</style><style type="text/css">.saboxplugin-wrap{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-ms-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #eee;width:100%;clear:both;display:block;overflow:hidden;word-wrap:break-word;position:relative}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar{float:left;padding:0 20px 20px 20px}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar img{max-width:100px;height:auto;border-radius:0;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname{font-size:18px;line-height:1;margin:20px 0 0 20px;display:block}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname a{text-decoration:none}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname a:focus{outline:0}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc{display:block;margin:5px 20px}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc a{text-decoration:underline}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc p{margin:5px 0 12px}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-web{margin:0 20px 15px;text-align:left}.saboxplugin-wrap .sab-web-position{text-align:right}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-web a{color:#ccc;text-decoration:none}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials{position:relative;display:block;background:#fcfcfc;padding:5px;border-top:1px solid #eee}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a svg{width:20px;height:20px}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a svg .st2{fill:#fff; transform-origin:center center;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a svg .st1{fill:rgba(0,0,0,.3)}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a:hover{opacity:.8;-webkit-transition:opacity .4s;-moz-transition:opacity .4s;-o-transition:opacity .4s;transition:opacity .4s;box-shadow:none!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials .saboxplugin-icon-color{box-shadow:none;padding:0;border:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .4s;-moz-transition:opacity .4s;-o-transition:opacity .4s;transition:opacity .4s;display:inline-block;color:#fff;font-size:0;text-decoration:inherit;margin:5px;-webkit-border-radius:0;-moz-border-radius:0;-ms-border-radius:0;-o-border-radius:0;border-radius:0;overflow:hidden}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials .saboxplugin-icon-grey{text-decoration:inherit;box-shadow:none;position:relative;display:-moz-inline-stack;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;zoom:1;margin:10px 5px;color:#444;fill:#444}.clearfix:after,.clearfix:before{content:' ';display:table;line-height:0;clear:both}.ie7 .clearfix{zoom:1}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-twitch{border-color:#38245c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-addthis{border-color:#e91c00}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-behance{border-color:#003eb0}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-delicious{border-color:#06c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-deviantart{border-color:#036824}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-digg{border-color:#00327c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-dribbble{border-color:#ba1655}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-facebook{border-color:#1e2e4f}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-flickr{border-color:#003576}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-github{border-color:#264874}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-google{border-color:#0b51c5}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-googleplus{border-color:#96271a}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-html5{border-color:#902e13}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-instagram{border-color:#1630aa}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-linkedin{border-color:#00344f}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-pinterest{border-color:#5b040e}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-reddit{border-color:#992900}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-rss{border-color:#a43b0a}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-sharethis{border-color:#5d8420}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-skype{border-color:#00658a}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-soundcloud{border-color:#995200}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-spotify{border-color:#0f612c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-stackoverflow{border-color:#a95009}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-steam{border-color:#006388}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-user_email{border-color:#b84e05}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-stumbleUpon{border-color:#9b280e}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-tumblr{border-color:#10151b}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-twitter{border-color:#0967a0}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-vimeo{border-color:#0d7091}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-windows{border-color:#003f71}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-whatsapp{border-color:#003f71}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-wordpress{border-color:#0f3647}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-yahoo{border-color:#14002d}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-youtube{border-color:#900}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-xing{border-color:#000202}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-mixcloud{border-color:#2475a0}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-vk{border-color:#243549}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-medium{border-color:#00452c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-quora{border-color:#420e00}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-meetup{border-color:#9b181c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-goodreads{border-color:#000}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-snapchat{border-color:#999700}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-500px{border-color:#00557f}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-mastodont{border-color:#185886}.sab-patreon{border-color:#fc573b}.sabox-plus-item{margin-bottom:20px}@media screen and (max-width:480px){.saboxplugin-wrap{text-align:center}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar{float:none;padding:20px 0;text-align:center;margin:0 auto;display:block}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar img{float:none;display:inline-block;display:-moz-inline-stack;vertical-align:middle;zoom:1}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc{margin:0 10px 20px;text-align:center}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname{text-align:center;margin:10px 0 20px}}body .saboxplugin-authorname a,body .saboxplugin-authorname a:hover{box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none}a.sab-profile-edit{font-size:16px!important;line-height:1!important}.sab-edit-settings a,a.sab-profile-edit{color:#0073aa!important;box-shadow:none!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important}.sab-edit-settings{margin-right:15px;position:absolute;right:0;z-index:2;bottom:10px;line-height:20px}.sab-edit-settings i{margin-left:5px}.saboxplugin-socials{line-height:1!important}.rtl .saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar{float:right}.rtl .saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname{display:flex;align-items:center}.rtl .saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname .sab-profile-edit{margin-right:10px}.rtl .sab-edit-settings{right:auto;left:0}img.sab-custom-avatar{max-width:75px;}.saboxplugin-wrap {margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding: 0px 0px }.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname {font-size:18px; line-height:25px;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc p, .saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc {font-size:14px !important; line-height:21px !important;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-web {font-size:14px;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a svg {width:18px;height:18px;}.saboxplugin-tabs-wrapper { width: 100%; display: block; clear: both; overflow: auto; } .saboxplugin-tabs-wrapper ul{ margin:0px; padding: 0px; } .saboxplugin-tabs-wrapper ul li { list-style: none; float: left; color: #222222; padding: 8px 20px; background-color: #e4e4e4; box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid #c7c7c7; } .saboxplugin-tabs-wrapper ul li.active, .saboxplugin-tabs-wrapper ul li:hover{ color: #222222; background-color: #efefef; border-bottom: 1px solid #c7c7c7; cursor:pointer; } .saboxplugin-tab{ padding:20px; } .saboxplugin-tab ul{ margin:0px; padding: 0px; } .saboxplugin-tab ul li{ list-style: none; }.saboxplugin-authorname .sabox-job-title{font-size:12px;opacity:.7;display: inline-block;margin-left: 10px;}</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='simple-share-buttons-adder-ssba-css' href='https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/css/ssba.css?ver=1723737620' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='simple-share-buttons-adder-ssba-inline-css' type='text/css'> .ssba { } .ssba img { width: 35px !important; padding: 6px; border: 0; box-shadow: none !important; display: inline !important; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: unset; } .ssba-classic-2 .ssbp-text { display: none!important; } .ssba .fb-save { padding: 6px; line-height: 30px; } .ssba, .ssba a { text-decoration:none; background: none; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; } #ssba-bar-2 .ssbp-bar-list { max-width: 48px !important;; } #ssba-bar-2 .ssbp-bar-list li a {height: 48px !important; width: 48px !important; } #ssba-bar-2 .ssbp-bar-list li a:hover { } #ssba-bar-2 .ssbp-bar-list li a svg, #ssba-bar-2 .ssbp-bar-list li a svg path, .ssbp-bar-list li a.ssbp-surfingbird span:not(.color-icon) svg polygon {line-height: 48px !important;; font-size: 18px;} #ssba-bar-2 .ssbp-bar-list li a:hover svg, #ssba-bar-2 .ssbp-bar-list li a:hover svg path, .ssbp-bar-list li a.ssbp-surfingbird span:not(.color-icon) svg polygon {} #ssba-bar-2 .ssbp-bar-list li { margin: 0px 0!important; }@media only screen and ( max-width: 750px ) { #ssba-bar-2 { display: block; } } </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/js/ssba.js?ver=1723737620" id="simple-share-buttons-adder-ssba-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="simple-share-buttons-adder-ssba-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ Main.boot( [] ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/themes/hitmag-pro/js/theme.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="hitmag-min-scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/themes/hitmag-pro/js/jquery.sticky.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="jquery-sticky-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/themes/hitmag-pro/js/custom-sticky-menu.js?ver=6.7.1" id="hitmag-pro-sticky-menu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/themes/hitmag-pro/js/theia-sticky-sidebar.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="jquery-theia-sticky-sidebar-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="hitmag-front-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var hitmag_ajax_object = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/hangingtogether.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://hangingtogether.org/wp-content/themes/hitmag-pro/js/hitmag-front.js" id="hitmag-front-js"></script> </body> </html>