CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136d5a10c653dd4',cH: '46Kz8QOunIZUrR5xJgb3llFKqgGEPmv17R6zL8OTR4A-1739806392-1.2.1.1-cXoIaWdamv_DoG11YJ7s6grtbUmOk1A4RNu.0uVbrCzkdXyoLyniheoKJE0GFOv1',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=Multimedia%20Mobile%20Application&__cf_chl_tk=0CV36SV4YZdNYYN3ywFeKNUX2.hP0BshiqR2YTVfEOY-1739806392-1.0.1.1-.R1k2i4qdA3PGpLMy_0piykCu_SRFZP7ugwaabM04r4",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739806392',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=Multimedia%20Mobile%20Application&__cf_chl_f_tk=0CV36SV4YZdNYYN3ywFeKNUX2.hP0BshiqR2YTVfEOY-1739806392-1.0.1.1-.R1k2i4qdA3PGpLMy_0piykCu_SRFZP7ugwaabM04r4",md: "o6K3skgW.bKwLFTFebAsNXLIZsC7LsKHEKfiaLVuH9k-1739806392-1.2.1.1-S8FsA1LERg2FqcIHVxM4gPmXVqYOdTatlGkYEkVWIufWrHj9GfR.X9GA5qDyhJhC04C8Ax5vqJz1gihpOYOjAn0NqHyfWRpFibIOKV.VJAlRUzJ6sSMfECCkLK31Clu7CzRht3UkXHuPJxMHfsOQIrTN_.q_5y1FCWmPGfi9JRuvHO8JsJHYeOS.xICBtrQ6Vh2zCMWHCNEuri.Lw02xUwMlgHXXxRtphwc86176p7efpxL.5TxpMIOYU8Wm0k76HgiwxhWF_356Si6_IwrnnLIIVKgiDGbiRpoLKg17y5jr9gRqrHIkC9X3eOqk6XGJbgEk4uBWvHbxeGR3JY.kwF_zEceMZ_vQ0NLAruowQXtlM8knvMVKmUDWIavIK4Ys906APt6X6iXSk0jpVSf76EASToPLaGJ9wJEZGG0GhoH3eORF7mmSitJRDbRu9GX.d2a.i643WqbwHj7KxITaL.q6tN9MZAs3DZFteVsD_hhrE3SqtEihN6BWVURDsUtIO9h3e7wQR46ugtWRcEyd0phZqpOFaj9zNuueYhhAuFFuqQk8EaXNNtGfe9KUc6yitC8CORoOa2ySPas1_QqvijLFD7i2lRlaRUz1tzQczrWQ4BfTclyZuYbv07RdJwoxxA66uhEShrpS9PwaLNGL1MErQi9KbMM4sXizsUz3h.lhwu_wQf_MulztMTTJvT.X12NeontQk3ypNmAOhzcRkWFN5YOM5JXyEXTMmKf8gozem82XTiEPIOX7N0sReM7ZzNs9W.PNe69t5ZTZwnA6b8rIHjcs_qDJ3ubBPeqX.JhA9zW1TixPqnECi0AU9Dpot6Eu23AgXzz0caxbrg94CX6TYYUzxhqyf93CCkdkjZoLTz6SpuLhGfwbo.Mxv1dtvJZZVGBe65X02CgL3PDQkCKa5kzk.YKdHe.tWAW8janhNBsm1n_0grZbqQisuD9Xac1gnRNcYLYpWsEeH87R6D9Dknsc_lR47.RvCHc6fh_v0G5dXf9mkYBlCKdfkjLriA88xm2e4r7otWG_WGbhFK.giSBKPPLSaY9_ZqtNX_zznFuAokZKXkjsD_5_Nnn92tjwDJo9g.Nl.ywM1JmAr.h8A6VHk_LcMjhxbEUC0YLjHbcMO.w8c8CcF5Wd7DOebf0jcVOMAMC8egUIRzC_uA39gXbF_KduOpejPCfQYjlYE8sjmnpaGUqngjycxzcsfJ9B1hEN_qWnJ22wi0uVug6YU2DjCtcr_16AHKtawkMXEjSpsDRrtJY9J1J7tlbjpXBYGMYjuwIOolQkMxrs7dVUFQAUodGc_aCQbZqsvTQLxBdra6p5_yfUMOQtM0ufrr5n175cHwNmR38fIMMopP03xGkkGCtpty.CCsOXX8qzFQBS3YswxZ91nrXyWGZdbBg1hykqkP.P7_X5HkQuXLDVFvHRYuLbRUHw.oCaFAcBn5mur3e_ktsf.QfB4EwIDX3j9u6maPqMiFPPdx2Jq2FWFXRSLZ6DBYh5QhJaQXeliHhbVSOJGjdCqjT0V1biN0Q0UzWBAnTALqy.CauN0FyegLSGz0a4_NJvaNl7KyKHauHlRYIn750Yj8bhLCGkK0980.1ZQoYUYf.VwacjP6nCvdgTUFqOguRDDRXRoo34Io4lsbDvCilY.57BuuLOgPZOCOXIPYiWXZFI_jD4SpmO1M0lMFTvvKYlsNd3qU5C1IbQjcBeMqp2m11YsVgovwTSOI.IRLDjfPjfRFkcH4Nl6O5H5IGBK8gyyUT1z40SEpK3BV6kUbJdIXFIcut43Up1q7hla9zF15zCgHY2PbfhmwNOVZKKvkKLk9gPY9.w.RQff8aWGZUVH.bfRZzUBHONdB_wY5D8Kgey7dbgrDpF_UnSw_0j.08F4YIfOCvAJWfvJJcUZ6C_CY4tgb_LydQ4SYLn55YXAQtTkyPO56Oe.EJho1a7.Ha.lxJyXG9tyUwaX68_bnZ7LHKE9OT7",mdrd: "j1mcq0z5SKmUyy7Gk8FOI89boDepMNK7CoN2rdTgqSo-1739806392-1.2.1.1-ZizFAroBi5yErV.9J52s0WYu_PvkvA2QTtDYXji9EchuG5L3nApBxdzHE6tflIBgqiNjY_9JDyqOu_IIAFk5WW63.XQd.LxNR707tq_e4lpKR3dk3iKtOdyoZ6nH8NEIo41VBNLJEFyIj28hMCBhuzEz5OyTOY1SeDHuJrGfpTAn0VljZh6NWN_U9ap4NAEMLlrEuzHXfZ5U3DEhczfFPkvanImM5WPHPh9zk4aBUl2ffBz9lm_gDIY3CVtbLpwhS.FzyjE0hqMJxmoz6giG8F3Sfp1u718u9Mf_bRWXg5QU7XW6PNPbsZUKyHpixcvOmBbTZoCcm8MFi6VDlHwZ.JAMLxhU5Got3g0jdfzxWe7lQE4drz7ebE8MGfY2o.uAVX0TDepqAoG3Vt0hLQJq6yLHlRIYxnXCzd_U2c.f_q9NmvB8leJ0vS1.8BuLf5IPKDVz1vnXs5mx_j6AZ7ozjhuSMAN6P5UkKmTQ8d5Mq8MBAwiVOA3Ewg6M_5c1mBqI.xjlibOrTBL4TyffBuotd0BvoLryVKL1ITA5tPKhzMWbNc.V2dzcy4wY2vxzIFlBvfM85WwGyXK_AyrwDMcX5qhBV11C9SBuJSfravF2hjX3twOyuxsteH9JlNF.pU29QaMBn1skSUbbBaIflamyfoKVV053Bu8xeOxp7I5r01jSvBhAMBMYUGFFJ0B__yxvmk6cs.P9v8hB_01FQLnIP7ULAlxruydKMjUGUBTzKKB15Mpr1yAaBPIJqFt4w8fVMOZBZYeA7RX.5ZdGvKeDLdjXAhcoBTxz8w7u27oGLJwjLZZcg89pK9AFZFgBg2EYEjR7l6ZjTRGLYGuPmJzahQbCiQGGxAhHY7.czGvRcX4r.Yd8hqA58liHFxiiECBHahC9eYmpczWeRSvCDfcIQcSlVgi.rxdoofeZ8jgIzdRtc3LWKAAV3sKkcsDcA4xdz7XHJqHIXd9tddgAlpCG9aZmCqVMORPFwdcH_ShKTsK7ogiYLvgIV0QRgH0k4zWxEpgyoeNxnpLkk0tnOmUHL5BNLuUEb9OfJfjUMP9ES9xxUkHv.WOCDymfmZlaXzfC9wbAploIpg5cirLEfBryMaovvWfr3JOFzvowkT51F.X8TtVjyIPguLmPReoNzCiRmzut1yPjfmOClxBi6K6EqVoRUVzKGG4Wa.nv5iEACa_YxzdRZ0BnReQZq57yu36jtQAwLHGE7ad6UtETrLPyyN.bx92BNPdE3CyxIT5.TwskHqXQAJTtuQQvN1_bHNmfFuHBQR7dwcr6PFK4.J8uzXE7_PIpeV6zKMzNEaKY2jFGkDyjc4yQVGXn8qvpc1C63okKtMoCeoe_PoQR7UcNRb4aSglZzvsW8kx_KuzxlB9_JNjtzMwClaWdC.APtp6HwiZPeUmy0OFU08YHukXS.zrtdc.1i2jaPznVo2xamm3O_892KN.e_IK6S9.0OVVkNy1G4GQtLfqttffUic.m85CBTszXzDeMVVKvUMVtLdxBFE0UkSz2wHmt1YH4y_3FO2SRs8YnA.4dwDNsXXlLteahqPJtVA9nuDEoPLI8NYYqTwNbI__3BsTgaV3eeAnKsSl7EyGJxoEMRW4F1oR3OhDaAUGWhwDsh2pow8TzSZMNMpKO4cUSUXvyMSUFhMgL.GRu7zSMmZx9__ZY0Ioayw7owXwkxNOLZukS4Xx9M_h6XjuQPcRKnKbfiSGkZLZQjxlz92wilHb_Qi5mepelvpWSB0rQz11iu6q0pQV1NaFE2G2u5nTWHNLDTGsfaJ0CjQXKSccoo_TQ6vt4ERE9FHaTG1Qn.od3MI44jHfSqtU4ASPtbS992JufivHL.yDd7QMjgX8TMRS2UdtXP4Odh1TXa3OVa1s4yovFEI0QHqOAyHkjqNmqM8MWajiqxRHVMq..RbJMD1rwj28aQtyKOj5Nhr6s.MDs4F0O.XFe7ChJl.lQShGKpHSg54GFnokIHVRdDLjO0mQVMUDiXU1BPg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136d5a10c653dd4';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=Multimedia%20Mobile%20Application&__cf_chl_rt_tk=0CV36SV4YZdNYYN3ywFeKNUX2.hP0BshiqR2YTVfEOY-1739806392-1.0.1.1-.R1k2i4qdA3PGpLMy_0piykCu_SRFZP7ugwaabM04r4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>