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Ein Handbuch zur deutschen und allgemeinen Dialektforschung. Zweiter Halbband'' (series: ''Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft'' (HSK), 1.2), 1983, p. 828</ref>) are a group of [[Low German]] dialects spoken in parts of the [[Netherlands]], northwestern [[Germany]] and southern [[Denmark]] (in North Schleswig by parts of the German-speaking minority). It is one of two dialect groups, the other being [[East Low German]]. ==Extent== The language area comprises the [[Northern Germany|North German]] states of [[Lower Saxony]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] (the [[Westphalia]]n part), [[Bremen]], [[Hamburg]], [[Schleswig-Holstein]] and [[Saxony-Anhalt]] (the northwestern areas around [[Magdeburg]]) as well as the northeast of the Netherlands (i.e. [[Dutch Low Saxon]], spoken in [[Groningen (province)|Groningen]], [[Drenthe]], [[Overijssel]] and northern [[Gelderland]]) and the [[Schleswigsch dialect]] spoken by the [[North Schleswig Germans]] in the southernmost part of Denmark.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sanders |first1=Willy |title=Sachsensprache, Hansesprache, Plattdeutsch : sprachgeschichtliche Grundzüge des Niederdeutschen |date=1982 |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |location=Göttingen |isbn=9783525012130 |language=de |trans-title=Language of the Saxons, the language of the Hanseatic League, Plattdeutsch: basics of the historical linugistics of Low German}}</ref> In the south the [[Benrath line]] and [[Uerdingen line]] isoglosses form the border with the area, where [[West Central German]] variants of [[High German languages|High German]] are spoken. ==List of dialects== ===Germany=== *West Low German **[[Westphalian language|Westphalian]], including the region around [[Münster]] and the [[Osnabrück]] region of Lower Saxony **[[Eastphalian language|Eastphalian]], spoken in southeastern Lower Saxony ([[Hanover]], [[Braunschweig]], [[Göttingen]]) and in the [[Magdeburg Börde]] region **[[Northern Low Saxon]] ***[[East Frisian Low Saxon]] in [[East Frisia]]<ref name="Noble">{{cite book |last1=Noble |first1=Cecil Arthur M. |title=Modern German dialects |date=1983 |publisher=P. Lang |location=New York |isbn=9780820400259 |pages=103–104}}</ref> ***Dithmarsisch<ref name="Noble"/> ***Schleswig[i]sch<ref name="Noble"/> ***Holsteinisch<ref name="Noble"/> ****[[Hamburgisch]] ***Nordhannoversch<ref name="Noble"/> ***Emsländisch<ref name="Noble"/> ***Oldenburgisch in the [[Oldenburg Land|Oldenburg]] region<ref name="Noble"/> [[File:Koart Leegsaksisch.png|thumb|Low Saxon language area in the Netherlands]] ===Netherlands=== {{Main|Dutch Low Saxon}} While [[Dutch language|Dutch]] is a [[Low Franconian languages|Low Franconian language]], the [[Dutch Low Saxon]] varieties form a [[dialect continuum]] with [[Westphalian language|Westphalian]]. They consist of: * West Low German, divided into:<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bloemhoff |first1=Henk |title=Taaltelling Nedersaksisch: Een enquête naar het gebruik en de beheersing van het Nedersaksisch in Nederland |date=2005 |publisher=Sasland |location=Groningen |language=nl}}, p. 9: "Zoals gebruikelijk is, wordt de aanduiding Nedersaksisch hier gehanteerd als overkoepelende term voor het Gronings, Drents, Stellingwerfs, Sallands, West-Overijssels, Twents, Achterhoeks en Veluws."</ref> ** [[Gronings dialect|Gronings]] ** [[Drèents dialects|Drents]] ** [[Stellingwarfs dialect|Stellingwerfs]] ** [[Sallaans dialect|Sallands]] ** West-Overijssels ** [[Tweants dialect|Twents]] ** [[Achterhooks|Achterhoeks]] ** [[Veluws dialect|Veluws]] ===Denmark=== * West Low German ** [[Northern Low Saxon]] *** [[Schleswigsch dialect]] spoken in former [[South Jutland County]] (the northern part of the former [[Duchy of Schleswig]]) around [[Aabenraa]] (''Apenrade'') ===Poland=== * West Low German ** Westphalian *** Koschneiderian - extinct dialect possibly related to Westphalian, used by settlers from around Osnabrück in the Koschneiderei region (Polish: [https://pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosznajderia Kosznajderia]) ==Situation in the Netherlands== A 2005 study found that there were approximately 1.8 million "daily speakers" of Low Saxon in the Netherlands. 53% spoke Low Saxon or Low Saxon and Dutch at home and 71% could speak it.<ref name="Bloemhoff">{{cite book |last1=Bloemhoff |first1=Henk |title=Taaltelling Nedersaksisch - Een enquête naar het gebruik en de beheersing van het Nedersaksisch in Nederland |date=2005 |publisher=Sasland |location=Groningen |language=nl}}</ref>{{page needed|date=July 2023}} According to another study the percentage of speakers among parents dropped from 34% in 1995 to 15% in 2011. The percentage of speakers among their children dropped from 8% to 2% in the same period.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://images.tresoar.nl/website/NTR12%20dialect1995-2011%20v2.pdf|title=Ontwikkelingen in het gebruik van Fries, streektalen en dialecten in de periode 1995-2011|last=Driessen|first=Geert|date=2012|website=Radboud University Nijmegen|language=nl|access-date=2017-04-29|trans-title=Development of the use of Frisian, regional languages and dialects from 1995 to 2011}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{-}} {{Germanic languages}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Culture of Lower Saxony]] [[Category:Dutch dialects]] [[Category:German dialects]] [[Category:Low German]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a 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