CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Francis Drake's expedition of 1572–1573 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0730e00a-64f6-458e-9719-bc2c79ff9570","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Francis_Drake's_expedition_of_1572–1573","wgTitle":"Francis Drake's expedition of 1572–1573","wgCurRevisionId":1254233393,"wgRevisionId":1254233393,"wgArticleId":70703762,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from October 2024","Use British English from May 2022","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages using small with an empty input parameter","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB","1572 in England","1573 in England","Conflicts in 1572","Conflicts in 1573","Francis Drake","Caribbean Sea", "Piracy"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Francis_Drake's_expedition_of_1572–1573","wgRelevantArticleId":70703762,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":8.666666666666666,"lon":-80},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q112072876","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements", "mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/America%2C_from_discovery_in_1942_to_the_present_time_%281894%29_%2814577961570%29.jpg/1200px-America%2C_from_discovery_in_1942_to_the_present_time_%281894%29_%2814577961570%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="672"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/America%2C_from_discovery_in_1942_to_the_present_time_%281894%29_%2814577961570%29.jpg/800px-America%2C_from_discovery_in_1942_to_the_present_time_%281894%29_%2814577961570%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="448"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/America%2C_from_discovery_in_1942_to_the_present_time_%281894%29_%2814577961570%29.jpg/640px-America%2C_from_discovery_in_1942_to_the_present_time_%281894%29_%2814577961570%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="358"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Francis Drake's expedition of 1572–1573 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Francis_Drake_s_expedition_of_1572–1573 rootpage-Francis_Drake_s_expedition_of_1572–1573 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Francis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Francis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Francis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Francis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Prelude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prelude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Prelude</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expedition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expedition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Expedition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Expedition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Expedition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Expedition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Departure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Departure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Departure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Departure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nombre_de_Dios,_1572" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nombre_de_Dios,_1572"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Nombre de Dios, 1572</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nombre_de_Dios,_1572-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_Main,_1572" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_Main,_1572"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Spanish Main, 1572</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_Main,_1572-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venta_Cruces,_1573" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venta_Cruces,_1573"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Venta Cruces, 1573</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venta_Cruces,_1573-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veragua,_1573" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veragua,_1573"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Veragua, 1573</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veragua,_1573-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nombre_De_Dios,_1573" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nombre_De_Dios,_1573"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Nombre De Dios, 1573</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nombre_De_Dios,_1573-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Return</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes and references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Short citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Full_citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full_citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Full citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full_citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis Drake's expedition of 1572–1573</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q112072876#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&oldid=1254233393" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&id=1254233393&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrancis_Drake%2527s_expedition_of_1572%25E2%2580%25931573"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrancis_Drake%2527s_expedition_of_1572%25E2%2580%25931573"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q112072876" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&params=8_40_N_80_0_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°40′N</span> <span class="longitude">80°0′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.667°N 80.000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">8.667; -80.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Caribbean / West Indies expedition voyage by the famous English explorer Sir Francis Drake</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Drake's expedition of 1572‍–‍1573</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War</a> (1585–1604)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:America,_from_discovery_in_1942_to_the_present_time_(1894)_(14577961570).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/America%2C_from_discovery_in_1942_to_the_present_time_%281894%29_%2814577961570%29.jpg/300px-America%2C_from_discovery_in_1942_to_the_present_time_%281894%29_%2814577961570%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/America%2C_from_discovery_in_1942_to_the_present_time_%281894%29_%2814577961570%29.jpg/450px-America%2C_from_discovery_in_1942_to_the_present_time_%281894%29_%2814577961570%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/America%2C_from_discovery_in_1942_to_the_present_time_%281894%29_%2814577961570%29.jpg/600px-America%2C_from_discovery_in_1942_to_the_present_time_%281894%29_%2814577961570%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2762" data-file-height="1547" /></a></span><br />Sir <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a> (c.1540–1596),<br />of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a><br />in Central America,<br />c.1573</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>24 May 1572 – 6 August 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1572-05-24</span> – <span class="dtend">1573-08-06</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama" title="Isthmus of Panama">Isthmus of Panama</a><br />(Central America)</div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&params=8_40_N_80_0_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°40′N</span> <span class="longitude">80°0′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.667°N 80.000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">8.667; -80.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Anglo-French privateer victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg/23px-Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg/35px-Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg/45px-Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cimarron_people_(Panama)" title="Cimarron people (Panama)">Cimarrones</a></i></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> Sir <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> John Drake (brother) <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif">†</span></a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> Joseph Drake (brother)  <a href="/wiki/Death_by_natural_causes" class="mw-redirect" title="Death by natural causes"> #</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> James Raunce<sup>1</sup></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Oxenham" title="John Oxenham">John Oxenham</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> Thomas Sherwell</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> John Overy</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> Ellis Hixom<sup>2</sup></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg/23px-Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg/35px-Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg/45px-Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Testu" title="Guillaume Le Testu">Guillaume Le Testu</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif">†</span></a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa"><img alt="Genoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Genoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Genoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Genoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> Lopez Vaez <span style="font-size:85%;">/ presumed</span></li><li>Pedro Mandinga<sup>6</sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ <i>cimarron</i> chief</span></li><li>Diego <span style="font-size:85%;">/ <i>cimarron</i></span></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Luís de Rojas <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Gov.</span></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Francisco Bahamonde de Lugo <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Gov.</span></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Álvaro de Mendoza</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Martín de Mendoza</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Antonio Juárez de la Concha</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Jorge Nuñez de Prado</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Juan Juárez de Castilla</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Nicolás López</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Cristóbal Monte</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Anton Couto</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <i>Pascha</i><sup>3</sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ 70 t. 47 men Francis Drake capt.</span></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <i>Swan</i><sup>4</sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ 25 t. 26 men John Drake capt.</span></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <i>Lion</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ c. 20 t.</span></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <i>Bear</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ c. 20 t.</span></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <i>Minion</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ c. 20 t.</span></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> barque <span style="font-size:85%;">/ 30 men Raunce capt. Overy mstr.</span></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg/23px-Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg/35px-Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg/45px-Banni%C3%A8re_de_France_style_1700.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <i>Havre</i><sup>5</sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ 80 t. 70 men</span></li><li>sm. craft <span style="font-size:85%;">/ 30 <i>cimarron</i> men</span></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <i>Santa Catalina</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Couto capt.</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>203 men <span style="font-size:85%;">/ 103 <i>in</i> 1572 / 173 <i>in</i> 1573</span></li><li>3 ships</li><li>3 pinnaces</li><li>1 barque</li><li>sev. sm. craft</li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>vars. infantry units</li><li>vars. naval units</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>> 4 killed</li><li>> 30 deaths <span style="font-size:85%;">/ illness</span></li><li>vars. wounded</li><li>1 to 3 detained</li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>11 to 14 killed</li><li>vars. wounded</li><li>> 14 vessels surprised <span style="font-size:85%;">/ cargo seized / crews detained, impressed, or marooned</span></li><li>> 6 settlements surprised</li><li>c. 100,000 pesos in gold lost</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><sup>1</sup> <i>aka</i> Raunse, Rance, Ranse</li><li><sup>2</sup> <i>aka</i> Hickson</li><li><sup>3</sup> <i>aka</i> <i>Pascha</i>, <i>Pasca</i>, <i>Pasco</i></li><li><sup>4</sup> <i>aka</i> <i>Swanlet</i></li><li><sup>5</sup> <i>aka</i> <i>New Haven</i></li><li><sup>6</sup><i>aka</i> Chief Pedro</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585–1604)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Anglo-Spanish_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Anglo-Spanish War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Anglo-Spanish_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Anglo-Spanish War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Anglo-Spanish_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Anglo-Spanish War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585–1604)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)"><span class="wrap">Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Caribbean and South America</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_de_Ul%C3%BAa_(1568)" title="Battle of San Juan de Ulúa (1568)">San Juan de Ulúa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Drake's 1572-73 expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake%27s_circumnavigation" title="Francis Drake's circumnavigation">Drake's circumnavigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_S%C3%A3o_Vicente" title="Battle of São Vicente">São Vicente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)" title="Battle of Santo Domingo (1586)">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cartagena_de_Indias_(1586)" title="Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1586)">Cartagena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_St._Augustine" title="Raid on St. Augustine">St. Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavendish%27s_circumnavigation" title="Thomas Cavendish's circumnavigation">Cavendish's circumnavigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watts%27_West_Indies_and_Virginia_expedition" title="Watts' West Indies and Virginia expedition">Spanish West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Western_Cuba" title="Blockade of Western Cuba">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport%27s_1592_expedition" title="Newport's 1592 expedition">Hispaniola <b>·</b> Bay of Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Puerto_Caballos_(1594)" title="Raid on Puerto Caballos (1594)">1st Puerto Caballos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_San_Mateo_Bay" title="Action of San Mateo Bay">San Mateo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Recife_(1595)" title="Capture of Recife (1595)">Recife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh%27s_El_Dorado_expedition" title="Raleigh's El Dorado expedition">Trinidad <b>·</b> Orinoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston%E2%80%93Somers_expedition" title="Preston–Somers expedition">La Guaira <b>·</b> Caracas <b>·</b> Coro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guadalupe_Island_(1595)" title="Battle of Guadalupe Island (1595)">Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1595)" title="Battle of San Juan (1595)">1st San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake%27s_Assault_on_Panama" title="Drake's Assault on Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pinos" title="Battle of Pinos">Pinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1598)" title="Battle of San Juan (1598)">2nd San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Tabasco_(1599)" title="Raid on Tabasco (1599)">Tabasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Portobello_(1601)" title="Capture of Portobello (1601)">Portobello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Puerto_Caballos_(1603)" title="Battle of Puerto Caballos (1603)">2nd Puerto Caballos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Santiago_de_Cuba_(1603)" title="Raid on Santiago de Cuba (1603)">Santiago de Cuba</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Atlantic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vila_Franca_do_Campo" title="Battle of Vila Franca do Campo">Vila Franca do Campo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Azores" title="Conquest of the Azores">Terceira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_expedition_(1585)" title="Newfoundland expedition (1585)">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_off_Bermuda_(1585)" title="Action off Bermuda (1585)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Santiago_(1585)" title="Capture of Santiago (1585)">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portudal%E2%80%93Joal_Massacre" title="Portudal–Joal Massacre">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azores_Voyage_of_1589" title="Azores Voyage of 1589">1st Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Flores_(1591)" title="Battle of Flores (1591)">1st Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Flores_(1592)" title="Battle of Flores (1592)">2nd Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_Faial" title="Action of Faial">Faial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Palmas" title="Battle of Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_Voyage" title="Islands Voyage">2nd Azores</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>European waters</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Scheldt_(1574)" title="Battle of the Scheldt (1574)">Scheldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pantelleria_(1586)" title="Battle of Pantelleria (1586)">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singeing_the_King_of_Spain%27s_Beard" title="Singeing the King of Spain's Beard">1st Cádiz <b>·</b>Algarve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada (1st Calais <b>·</b> Gravelines)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Armada" title="English Armada">English Armada (Corunna <b>·</b> Lisbon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bayona_Islands_(1590)" title="Battle of Bayona Islands (1590)">Bayona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Strait_of_Gibraltar_(1590)" title="Battle of the Strait of Gibraltar (1590)">1st Gibraltar Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Strait_of_Gibraltar_(1591)" title="Battle of the Strait of Gibraltar (1591)">2nd Gibraltar Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Berlengas_(1591)" title="Battle of the Berlengas (1591)">Berlengas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Almer%C3%ADa_(1591)" title="Battle of the Gulf of Almería (1591)">Gulf of Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Barbary_Coast" title="Battle of the Barbary Coast">Barbary Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bay_of_Biscay_(1592)" title="Battle of the Bay of Biscay (1592)">Bay of Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Mount%27s_Bay" title="Raid on Mount's Bay">Mount's Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Cawsand" title="Attack on Cawsand">Cawsand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Capture of Cádiz">2nd Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Spanish_Armada" title="2nd Spanish Armada">Cape Finisterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Spanish_Armada" title="3rd Spanish Armada">Cornwall <b>·</b> West Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sesimbra_Bay" title="Battle of Sesimbra Bay">Sesimbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Narrow_Seas" title="Battle of the Narrow Seas">Dover Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Cadiz_(1604)" title="Battle of the Gulf of Cadiz (1604)">Gulf of Cádiz</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Low Countries and Germany</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mons_(1572)" title="Siege of Mons (1572)">Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_of_Goes" title="Relief of Goes">Goes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Middelburg_(1572%E2%80%931574)" title="Siege of Middelburg (1572–1574)">Middelburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Haarlem" title="Siege of Haarlem">Haarlem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Geertruidenberg_(1573)" title="Capture of Geertruidenberg (1573)">1st Geertruidenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leiden" title="Siege of Leiden">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delft_(1573)" title="Battle of Delft (1573)">Delft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Valkenburg_(1574)" title="Capture of Valkenburg (1574)">Valkenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Schoonhoven_(1575)" title="Siege of Schoonhoven (1575)">Schoonhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gembloux_(1578)" title="Battle of Gembloux (1578)">Gembloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rijmenam_(1578)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Rijmenam (1578)">Rijmenam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borgerhout" title="Battle of Borgerhout">Borgerhout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Fury_at_Mechelen" title="English Fury at Mechelen">Mechelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Steenwijk_(1580%E2%80%931581)" title="Siege of Steenwijk (1580–1581)">1st Steenwijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kollum" title="Battle of Kollum">Kollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Noordhorn" title="Battle of Noordhorn">Noordhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Niezijl" title="Siege of Niezijl">Niezijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lochem_(1582)" title="Siege of Lochem (1582)">Lochem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lier_(1582)" title="Siege of Lier (1582)">Lier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Eindhoven_(1583)" title="Siege of Eindhoven (1583)">Eindhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Steenbergen_(1583)" title="Battle of Steenbergen (1583)">Steenbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Aalst_(1584)" title="Capture of Aalst (1584)">Aalst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Antwerp" title="Fall of Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_IJsseloord" title="Siege of IJsseloord">Arnhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Grave_(1586)" title="Siege of Grave (1586)">1st Grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Venlo_(1586)" title="Siege of Venlo (1586)">Venlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Axel" title="Capture of Axel">Axel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rheinberg_(1586%E2%80%931590)" title="Siege of Rheinberg (1586–1590)">1st Rheinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zutphen" title="Battle of Zutphen">1st Zutphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sluis_(1587)" title="Siege of Sluis (1587)">1st Sluis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bergen_op_Zoom_(1588)" title="Siege of Bergen op Zoom (1588)">Bergen op Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Geertruidenberg_(1589)" title="Capture of Geertruidenberg (1589)">2nd Geertruidenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Breda_(1590)" title="Capture of Breda (1590)">Breda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zutphen_(1591)" title="Siege of Zutphen (1591)">2nd Zutphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Deventer_(1591)" title="Siege of Deventer (1591)">Deventer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Delfzijl" title="Capture of Delfzijl">Delfzijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Knodsenburg" title="Siege of Knodsenburg">Knodsenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hulst_(1591)" title="Siege of Hulst (1591)">1st Hulst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nijmegen_(1591)" title="Siege of Nijmegen (1591)">Nijmegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Steenwijk_(1592)" title="Siege of Steenwijk (1592)">2nd Steenwijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Coevorden_(1592)" title="Siege of Coevorden (1592)">1st Coevorden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Geertruidenberg_(1593)" title="Siege of Geertruidenberg (1593)">3rd Geertruidenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Coevorden_(1593)" title="Siege of Coevorden (1593)">2nd Coevorden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groningen_(1594)" title="Siege of Groningen (1594)">Groningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Huy_(1595)" title="Siege of Huy (1595)">Huy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groenlo_(1595)" title="Siege of Groenlo (1595)">1st Groenlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lippe" title="Battle of the Lippe">Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hulst_(1596)" title="Siege of Hulst (1596)">2nd Hulst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turnhout_(1597)" title="Battle of Turnhout (1597)">Turnhout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rheinberg_(1597)" title="Siege of Rheinberg (1597)">2nd Rheinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Meurs_(1597)" title="Siege of Meurs (1597)">Meurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groenlo_(1597)" title="Siege of Groenlo (1597)">2nd Groenlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bredevoort_(1597)" title="Siege of Bredevoort (1597)">Bredevoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Enschede_(1597)" title="Capture of Enschede (1597)">Enschede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Ootmarsum" title="Capture of Ootmarsum">Ootmarsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Oldenzaal_(1597)" title="Siege of Oldenzaal (1597)">Oldenzaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lingen_(1597)" title="Siege of Lingen (1597)">Lingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Schenckenschans_(1599)" title="Siege of Schenckenschans (1599)">Schenckenschans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zaltbommel" title="Siege of Zaltbommel">Zaltbommel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rees_(1599)" title="Siege of Rees (1599)">Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_San_Andreas_(1600)" title="Siege of San Andreas (1600)">San Andreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nieuwpoort" title="Battle of Nieuwpoort">Nieuwpoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rheinberg_(1601)" title="Siege of Rheinberg (1601)">3rd Rheinberg <b>·</b> 2nd Meurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ostend" title="Siege of Ostend">Ostend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_%27s-Hertogenbosch_(1601)" title="Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch (1601)">'s-Hertogenbosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Grave_(1602)" title="Siege of Grave (1602)">2nd Grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutiny_of_Hoogstraten#Mutiny_&_siege" title="Mutiny of Hoogstraten">Hoogstraten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sluis_(1604)" title="Siege of Sluis (1604)">Ardenburg <b>·</b> Oostberg <b>·</b> 2nd Sluis</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>France</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arques" title="Battle of Arques">Arques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ivry" title="Battle of Ivry">Ivry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Paris_(1590)" title="Siege of Paris (1590)">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ch%C3%A2teau-Laudran" title="Battle of Château-Laudran">Château-Laudran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rouen_(1591%E2%80%931592)" title="Siege of Rouen (1591–1592)">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Caudebec" title="Siege of Caudebec">Caudebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Craon" title="Battle of Craon">Craon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blaye" title="Battle of Blaye">Blaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Morlaix_(1594)" title="Siege of Morlaix (1594)">Morlaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Crozon" title="Siege of Fort Crozon">Crozon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Calais_(1596)" title="Siege of Calais (1596)">2nd Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amiens_(1597)" title="Siege of Amiens (1597)">Amiens</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Ireland</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Carrigafoyle_Castle" title="Siege of Carrigafoyle Castle">Carrigafoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Smerwick" title="Siege of Smerwick">Smerwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada_in_Ireland" title="Spanish Armada in Ireland">Irish West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kinsale" title="Siege of Kinsale">Kinsale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castlehaven" title="Battle of Castlehaven">Castlehaven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p><b>Sir Francis Drake's expedition of 1572‍–‍1573</b> was an uncommissioned <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateer</a> profiteering sea voyage by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Drake" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Francis Drake">Sir Francis Drake</a> (c. 1540–1596), of the beginnings of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> (island of Great Britain), (under its monarch Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I (the Great)</a> (1533–1603, reigned 1558–1603). It was a precursor to the continuing long-term hostilities in the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War</a> (1585–1604), in the western and southern quarters of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a>, east of Mexico and Central America of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Spain">Kingdom of Spain</a> and their <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>'s larger colonial <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty" title="Viceroyalty">Viceroyalty</a> (province) of <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, and adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> chain of islands further east in the Americas. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drake's 1571 cruise of the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> islands and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a> had proved quite successful, earning him and his crew immense profits of over £100,000 (100 thousand) English pounds sterling. Consequently, upon his return to the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> port of <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Plymouth, England">Plymouth</a> that year, Drake determined to repeat his feat, assembling, with his brothers <a href="/wiki/John_Drake_(privateer)" title="John Drake (privateer)">John</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Drake_(privateer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Drake (privateer) (page does not exist)">Joseph Drake (privateer)</a>, a larger <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateering</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> fleet of two light ships and three <a href="/wiki/Full-rigged_pinnace" title="Full-rigged pinnace">pinnaces</a>-style smaller ships (carried in disassembled kit form as cargo).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._2–3Marley1998101_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._2–3Marley1998101-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expedition">Expedition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Expedition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Departure">Departure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Departure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drake and company departed the port city of <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Plymouth, England">Plymouth</a> in England on the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> (aboard the ships <i>Pascha</i> and <i>Swan</i> of their small English fleet) on 24 May 1572, crossing the Atlantic Ocean in a southwestward direction of slightly over a month long voyage. Landing in the Americas of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a> on the southern coast of the island of <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> on 29 June 1572. Here, the crew refreshed their provisions and fresh water, and on 1 July set out for Port Pheasant (Zapzurro Cove, 35 leagues west of the island Tolú), which they reached in 11 days sailing (on 12 July). The following day, Drake was joined by James Raunse and his additional 30 men in the other vessel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._3Marley1998101Best202148–49_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._3Marley1998101Best202148–49-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nombre_de_Dios,_1572"><span id="Nombre_de_Dios.2C_1572"></span>Nombre de Dios, 1572</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nombre de Dios, 1572"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Insvl%C3%A6_American%C3%A6_in_Oceano_Septentrionali_cum_terris_adjacentibus._LOC_2003630536.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Insvl%C3%A6_American%C3%A6_in_Oceano_Septentrionali_cum_terris_adjacentibus._LOC_2003630536.jpg/220px-Insvl%C3%A6_American%C3%A6_in_Oceano_Septentrionali_cum_terris_adjacentibus._LOC_2003630536.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Insvl%C3%A6_American%C3%A6_in_Oceano_Septentrionali_cum_terris_adjacentibus._LOC_2003630536.jpg/330px-Insvl%C3%A6_American%C3%A6_in_Oceano_Septentrionali_cum_terris_adjacentibus._LOC_2003630536.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Insvl%C3%A6_American%C3%A6_in_Oceano_Septentrionali_cum_terris_adjacentibus._LOC_2003630536.jpg/440px-Insvl%C3%A6_American%C3%A6_in_Oceano_Septentrionali_cum_terris_adjacentibus._LOC_2003630536.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7011" data-file-height="5780" /></a><figcaption><i>Insvlæ Americanæ</i>, 1634 published antique <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Caribbean" title="Dutch Caribbean">Dutch</a> map of the legendary <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Main" title="Spanish Main">Spanish Main</a> (showing <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Spain">Kingdom of Spain</a> and its western <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> of the Viceroyalty of <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, with outlined southern portion of North America continent – showing <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a> and attached southern Florida peninsula, eastern portion of Mexico and Central America to the west / left, with the connecting <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama" title="Isthmus of Panama">Isthmus of Panama</a>, to the northern portion of South America continent), and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a> and adjacent <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> islands to the east / right and Atlantic Ocean),<span style="font-size:85%;">/ 1634 <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dutch_Caribbean" title="Dutch Caribbean">Dutch</a> map by <a href="/wiki/Willem_Blaeu" title="Willem Blaeu">Willem Janszoon Bleau</a> (1571–1638),/ via LC/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.</span></figcaption></figure> <p>At Port Pheasant, Drake and Raunse's men built a log palisaded fort and sheds for protection, so as to allow the ships' carpenters time to assemble Drake's stored cargo of three smaller pinnace boats<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 July, the pinnaces having been assembled and rigged for sailing, the little Drake‍–‍Raunce English fleet set sail for Isla de Pinos (not the Cuban isle), where they surprised, attacked and captured two Royal Spanish naval warships <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigates</a> out of the port town of <a href="/wiki/Nombre_de_Dios,_Col%C3%B3n" title="Nombre de Dios, Colón">Nombre de Dios</a>, (on the north & east / Caribbean Sea coast of <a href="/wiki/Colon_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Colon Province">Colon Province</a> of modern <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>).The frigates' (enslaved) crews of foreign sailors were freed and furnished the English Drake party with fresh intelligence and additional manpower regarding the said Spanish port, whereupon Capt. Drake (with 53 of his men aboard Drake's threesome pinnaces) and master's mate Raunce (with 20 of his men aboard a Spanish captured prize <a href="/wiki/Shallop" title="Shallop">shallop</a> boat) set sail for Nombre de Dios, making landfall near there in the evening of 29 July.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998101Kelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._3Wright1932xxxviii_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998101Kelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._3Wright1932xxxviii-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 3:00 am that night, the Englishmen stole into the port aboard <a href="/wiki/Rowboat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowboat">rowboats</a>, but were nonetheless espied by a 60-tonne Spanish merchantman vessel in the harbour. Drake and company still managed to land, however, and they surprised and took the town's small six-gun artillery battery without opposition. They now began dismounting its ordinance and ammunition, which endeavour however unfortunately still stirred the <i>vecinos</i> out of slumber. Upon hearing the warning bells and war drums, Drake and Raunce split their company‍–‍ a dozen men to guard the shore, John Oxenham and 16 others to circle around behind the plaza, while Drake led the rest (46 men, with Raunce) noisily up the town's main thoroughfare. In the plaza, the Drake detachment were greeted by the amues, fuses sing descriptive 'a jolly hot volley of shot,' from the remaining Spaniards but they nevertheless eventually scattered the impromptu local defending militia, and thereby secured the city for themselves. Before the crew could loot the treasury, however, a sudden rainstorm drenched the men's matches, fuses and gunpowder, and (coincidentally), Drake fainted from loss of blood, having sustained a minor gunshot wound earlier during the militia volley. The English and their small armada hastily retreated to nearby <a href="/wiki/Bastimentos" class="mw-redirect" title="Bastimentos">Bastimentos</a> (at dawn, on 30 July).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998101De_la_O_Torres2020268,_281Wright1932xxxvii–xxxviiiBest202149_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998101De_la_O_Torres2020268,_281Wright1932xxxvii–xxxviiiBest202149-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_Main,_1572"><span id="Spanish_Main.2C_1572"></span>Spanish Main, 1572</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Spanish Main, 1572"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Drake was recuperating at Bastimentos, Paunce took his leave (on 6 August). Drake (now with only his 73 men) set out upon the Spanish Main, sighting Carthagena by the evening of 13 August. That night, the men seized the <i>Pasha</i>, a 240-tonne merchantman. This was followed by the seizure of two merchant ships the next day. As his crew was now stretched thin across two ships, three pinnaces, and three Spanish prizes, Drake burned one of the prizes, and scuttled the <i>Swan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._4Marley1998101–102Wright1932xxxivBest202149–50_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._4Marley1998101–102Wright1932xxxivBest202149–50-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly thereafter, the crew set up a camp, christened <i>Port Plenty</i>, in the Gulf of San Blas (ie Darien). From this base, (Francis) Drake and company spend the next five or six weeks raiding settlements along the Main as far east as the Magdalena River, while John Drake endeavoured to befriend the <a href="/wiki/Cimarron_people_(Panama)" title="Cimarron people (Panama)">Panamanian <i>cimarrones</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._4Marley1998101–102Best202150_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._4Marley1998101–102Best202150-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>John having cemented an alliance with the <i>cimarrones</i> (by 24 September), the company relocated Port Plenty, and spend the next two weeks fortifying it. On 7 October they were once more cruising off Cartagena. On 17 October, Oxenham and the <i>Swan</i> seized a 50-tonne barque, marooning its 10 men and 5 slaves. On 20 October, the fleet intercepted a 58-tonne and a 12-tonne merchant, likewise stranding their crews. Having noticed the fleet, on 22 October (at dawn), two frigates from Carthagena engaged Drake. They had a difficult time of it, however, the bay proved too vast to corner the Englishmen. Drake's fleet finally quit Carthagena for the Magdalena River on 3 November, their provisions running dangerously low.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998102_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998102-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fleet reached Magdalena on 5 November, but found the settlements deserted and the herds withdrawn inland (Spanish authorities having forwarded the <i>vecinos</i>). They continued on to Santa Marta, reaching that town within a week. Here they also found the Spanish prepared, as they were prevented from watering by hidden snipers on shore. They seized a 90 tonne vessel w victuals here on 12 Nov, and detained crew for a day. They next set for Curaçao, landing there on 13 November. A couple of days later, Drake detached Oxenham's pinnace "Minion" to sail directly back and advise his Panamanian base of his imminent return, while he scoured the Main with his own pinnace and prize. Upon refreshing for a few days, Drake renewed his raids towards the Main, while Oxenham (aboard the <i>Minion</i>) was dispatched to the recently-relocated Port Plenty, to advise the crew there of Drake's upcoming return.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998102_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998102-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drake followed Oxenham to Port Plenty within the fortnight. Upon his 27 November arrival, he discovered his brother John had died. Drake now decided to postpone further raids, so as to renew his efforts upon the Panamanian treasure train the coming year. His remaining brother, Joseph, succumbed to a fatal fever that December.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._4Marley1998102Wright1932xl_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._4Marley1998102Wright1932xl-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venta_Cruces,_1573"><span id="Venta_Cruces.2C_1573"></span>Venta Cruces, 1573</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Venta Cruces, 1573"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 30 January, upon <i>cimarron</i> allies' intelligence, the <i>Lion</i> reconnoitred Nombre de Dios, intercepting a Spanish frigate there, which confirmed (the <i>cimarrones'</i> information) that the Spanish plate fleet had arrived. Consequently, on 3 February, Drake and Oxenham, with 16 Englishmen and 30 <i>cimarrones</i>, trudged through the jungle and over the Cordilleras to intercept the treasure train. On 14 February, the party approached Panama City, whereupon a <i>cimarron</i> in disguise stole into the settlement, returning that evening with news of an upcoming 14-mule treasure train (from Lima, to Nombre de Dios, via Venta de Cruces). The rovers set up an ambush near Venta Cruces (on Chagres River). Robert Pike, a drunken crew-mate, was discovered by a Spanish traveller en route to Venta Cruces, whereupon the treasure train was forestalled. They nonetheless managed to seize a few silver-loaded mules, and make a hasty retreat to Venta Cruces, which they easily occupied for some time, reaching base camp on 22 February.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._4Marley1998102Wright1932xli–xliiiBest202150–51_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._4Marley1998102Wright1932xli–xliiiBest202150–51-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Veragua,_1573"><span id="Veragua.2C_1573"></span>Veragua, 1573</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Veragua, 1573"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Undaunted, Drake determined to cruise off Veragua (aboard the <i>Minion</i>), finally desisting on 19 March, having gained a frigate and its Genoese pilot. In the meantime, Oxenham cruise eastwards (aboard the <i>Bear</i>), where he seized a well-provisioned frigate out of Tolú, heading back to camp by 21 March.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998102–103_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998102–103-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The men celebrated Easter at Port Plenty, on 22 March. The next day, Drake ventured out (aboard his Spanish prize and the <i>Bear</i>). On 25 March, they chanced upon Guillaume Le Testu (and his 70 men aboard an 80-tonne ship), who agrees to join Drake and the <i>cimarrones</i> in an attempt against the treasure train.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998103De_la_O_Torres2020281–282Wright1932xliii–xlivBergreen202151–52_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998103De_la_O_Torres2020281–282Wright1932xliii–xlivBergreen202151–52-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nombre_De_Dios,_1573"><span id="Nombre_De_Dios.2C_1573"></span>Nombre De Dios, 1573</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nombre De Dios, 1573"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 31 March, Drake (with 20 men), Le Testu (with some 20 men), and a number of <i>cimarrones</i>, rendezvous at the mouth of the San Francisco River, from where they advance (this time towards Nombre de Dios) to intercept the treasure train. On the morning of 1 April, the rovers (successfully) ambushed a treasure train of some 160 mules and 45 armed guards. The Spaniards guards engaged the rovers, mortally wounding Le Testu in the process. As their treasure summed nearly 30 tonnes of silver and gold, the surviving crew hid half of the booty before hastily making their escape, planning to recuperate the loot later on. They arrive at the rendezvous point on 3 April, only to find seven Spanish pinnaces at the river's mouth, and none of their own vessels (one prize and two pinnaces, which had been blown off-course some 12 miles by a strong westerly wind). Drake and three 'brave companions' venture out, in a shoddy raft, to retrieve their craft, which they do by nightfall, returning with the <i>Bear</i> and the <i>Minion</i>. The rovers hastily returned to base camp, where the loot was divided and the each contingent parted ways, their enterprise having proved a success.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998103–104Wright1932livBest202152_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998103–104Wright1932livBest202152-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return">Return</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Return"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late April, Drake departed Port Plenty, now with a 30-man crew. The crew provisioned themselves at the Magdalena River (with 250 turtles and a Spanish merchantman). The crew set anchor at Plymouth on 9 August, bringing the expedition to an end.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998104Bergreen202152–53_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998104Bergreen202152–53-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1233514072">.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers{counter-reset:rowNumber}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers tr::before{content:"";display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right;vertical-align:inherit}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.static-row-numbers-left tr::before{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.static-row-numbers-center tr::before{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before{counter-increment:rowNumber;content:counter(rowNumber)}.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text.static-row-numbers thead tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text.static-row-numbers caption+tbody tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text.static-row-numbers tbody:first-child tr:first-child::before{content:"No.";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-hash.static-row-numbers thead tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-hash.static-row-numbers caption+tbody tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-hash.static-row-numbers tbody:first-child tr:first-child::before{content:"#";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border:0 solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header)::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header)::before{border-width:1px}body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-color:#aaaaaa}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-color:#c8ccd1}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-color:rgba(84,89,93,.3)}.mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) tr::before{border:0 inset #202122}.mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header)::before,.mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header)::before{border-width:1px}body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) tr::before,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable):not(.mw-datatable) tr::before{border-color:#000000}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.mw-datatable:not(.wikitable) tr::before{border:0 solid #c8ccd1}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.mw-datatable:not(.wikitable) thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header)::before,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.mw-datatable:not(.wikitable) tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header)::before{border-width:1px}@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-left-width:1px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable thead tr:first-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable caption+tbody tr:first-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tbody:first-child tr:first-child::before{border-top-width:1px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tbody tr:last-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tfoot tr:last-child::before{border-bottom-width:1px}}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers"> <caption style="text-align:left;">Timeline of the 1572‍–‍1573 expedition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998101–104Wright1932pt._1_docs._nos._17–35Wright1932????????Best202148–53_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998101–104Wright1932pt._1_docs._nos._17–35Wright1932????????Best202148–53-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><abbr title="Floor or lower bound of date or date-range">Flr.</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:right;padding-left:.5em;"><abbr title="Ceiling or upper bound of date or date-range">Clg.</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:left;padding-left:.5em;" class="unsortable">Place </th> <th style="text-align:left;padding-left:.5em;" class="unsortable">Event </th> <th style="text-align:left;padding-left:.5em;" class="unsortable">Parties </th> <th style="text-align:left;padding-left:.5em;" class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">24 May 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-05-24</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">24 May 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-05-24</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Plymouth </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Departure </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i>Pascha</i></li><li><i>Swan</i></li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake 73 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">29 June 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-06-29</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">29 June 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-06-29</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Dominica </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Arrival </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i>Pascha</i></li><li><i>Swan</i></li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake 73 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Provisioned </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">1 July 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-07-01</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">1 July 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-07-01</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Dominica </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Departure </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i>Pascha</i></li><li><i>Swan</i></li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake 73 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">12 July 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-07-12</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">12 July 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-07-12</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Port Pheasant </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Arrival </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i>Pascha</i></li><li><i>Swan</i></li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake 73 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Pinnaces <i>Lion</i>, <i>Bear</i>, <i>Minion</i> assembled </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">13 July 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-07-13</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">13 July 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-07-13</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Port Pheasant </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Arrival </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>barque</li><li>Sp. shallop</li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Raunce 30 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">14 July 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-07-14</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">14 July 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-07-14</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Port Pheasant </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Cruise </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span><br /><i>Santa Catalina</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Couto ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><i>Santa Catalina</i> seized <span style="font-size:85%;">/crew detained 40 days</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">20 July 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-07-20</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">28 July 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-07-28</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Isle of Pinos </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Cruise </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i>Lion</i></li><li><i>Bear</i></li><li><i>Minion</i></li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake 53 men</span><br />Sp. shallop <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Raunce 20 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">2 Sp. frig. seized </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">29 July 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-07-29</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">30 July 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-07-30</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Nombre de Dios </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Sack </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i>Lion</i></li><li><i>Bear</i></li><li><i>Minion</i></li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake 53 men</span><br />Sp. shallop <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Raunce 20 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Sp. residents engage <span style="font-size:85%;">/ 7 or 8 Sp. killed / 32 Sp. wounded / some Eng. killed</span> / Sp. merchandise seized </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">6 August 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-08-06</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">6 August 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-08-06</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Port Pheasant </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Departure </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>barque</li><li>Sp. shallop</li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Raunce 30 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">13 August 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-08-13</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">13 August 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-08-13</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Spanish Main </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Cruise </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i>Pascha</i></li><li><i>Swan</i></li><li><i>Lion</i></li><li><i>Bear</i></li><li><i>Minion</i></li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Sp. ship seized <span style="font-size:85%;">/ 240 t.</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">14 August 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-08-14</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">14 August 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-08-14</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Spanish Main </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Cruise </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">2 Sp. frig. seized <span style="font-size:85%;">/ 1 burnt</span> / <i>Swan</i> scuttled </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">15 August 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-08-15</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">15 August 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-08-15</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Port Plenty </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Arrival </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i>Pascha</i></li><li><i>Lion</i></li><li><i>Bear</i></li><li><i>Minion</i></li><li>Sp. ship</li><li>Sp. frig.</li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">16 August 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-08-16</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">23 September 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-09-23</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Spanish Main </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Cruise </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">15 August 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-08-15</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">23 September 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-09-23</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Port Plenty </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Arrival </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Pedro ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Alliance est. by John Drake </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">24 September 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-09-24</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">24 September 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-09-24</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Port Plenty </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Arrival </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Camp relocated </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">17 October 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-10-17</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">19 October 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-10-19</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Spanish Main </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Cruise </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Sp. barque seized <span style="font-size:85%;">/ 50 t. 10 Sp. 5 slaves / all marooned</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">20 October 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-10-20</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">21 October 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-10-21</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Spanish Main </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Cruise </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Sp. ship seized <span style="font-size:85%;">/ 58 t. / all marooned</span> / Sp. frig. seized <span style="font-size:85%;">/ 12 t. / all marooned</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">22 October 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-10-22</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">2 November 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-11-02</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Carthagena </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Cruise </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>2 frig.</li><li>1 shallop</li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Mendoza ? Sp. men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Sp. engage </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">3 November 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-11-03</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">3 November 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-11-03</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Carthagena </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Departure </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">5 November 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-11-05</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">5 November 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-11-05</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Magdalena </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Arrival </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Sp. residents fled / herds withdrawn / Sp. frig. seized <span style="font-size:85%;">/ no cargo</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">12 November 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-11-12</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">12 November 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-11-12</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Santa Marta </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Arrival </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Sp. snipers engage / Sp. ship seized <span style="font-size:85%;">/ 90 t. ? men / well provisioned / crew detained</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">13 November 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-11-13</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">13 November 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-11-13</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Curaçao </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Arrival </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">15 November 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-11-15</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">18 November 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-11-18</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Curaçao </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Departure </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><i>Minion</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Oxenham ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">15 November 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-11-15</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">26 November 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-11-26</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Spanish Main </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Cruise </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">27 November 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1572-11-27</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">27 November 1572<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1572-11-27</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Port Plenty </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Arrival </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">And rest / John, Joseph die </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">30 January 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1573-01-30</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">30 January 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1573-01-30</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Nombre de Dios </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Cruise </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><i>Lion</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ ? ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Sp. frig. seized <span style="font-size:85%;">/ crew interrogated</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">3 February 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1573-02-03</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">3 February 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1573-02-03</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Port Plenty </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Departure </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake 17 men</span><br />? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Pedro 30 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Jungle march </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">14 February 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1573-02-14</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">14 February 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1573-02-14</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Panama </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Arrival </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake 17 men</span><br />? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Pedro 30 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Ambush set up, but discovered / couple Sp. treasure mules seized <span style="font-size:85%;">4 to 6 Sp. killed, inc. 1 friar</span> / 1 Sp. settlement burnt </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">22 February 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1573-02-22</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">22 February 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1573-02-22</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Port Plenty </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Arrival </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake 17 men</span><br />? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Pedro 30 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">23 February 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1573-02-23</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">19 March 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1573-03-19</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Veragua </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Cruise </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake 17 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Sp. frig. seized <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Genoese pilot impressed</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">23 February 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1573-02-23</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">21 March 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1573-03-21</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">? </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Cruise </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><i>Bear</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Oxenham ? men</span><br />? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Pedro 30 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Due east of Veragua / Sp. frig seized <span style="font-size:85%;">/ well-provisioned</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">23 March 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1573-03-23</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">30 March 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1573-03-30</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">? </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Cruise </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i>Bear</i></li><li>Sp. frig.</li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">25 March 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1573-03-25</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">25 March 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1573-03-25</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">? </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Meeting </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i>Bear</i></li><li>Sp. frig.</li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake ? men</span><br /><i>Havre</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Testu 70 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Testu joins Drake </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">31 March 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1573-03-31</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">3 April 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1573-04-03</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Nombre de Dios </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Sack </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i>Bear</i></li><li><i>Minion</i></li><li>Sp. frig.</li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake 20 men</span><br />? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Testu 20 men</span><br />? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Pedro ? men</span><br />mules <span style="font-size:85%;">/ 45 Sp. men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">1 Eng. 1 <i>cimarron</i> 2 French killed / 1 <i>cimarron</i> captured / 1 French stranded / 3 Sp. mule trains seized <span style="font-size:85%;">{{{1}}}</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">7 April 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1573-04-07</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">22 April 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1573-04-22</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Nombre de Dios </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Rescue </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Oxenham 11 men</span><br />? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Pedro 16 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Testu + guard presumed dead / remaining guard rescued / 13 silver bars + few quoits gold recovered </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">15 April 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1573-04-15</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">30 April 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1573-04-30</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Port Plenty </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Departure </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake 30 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">1 Sp. vessel seized </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">9 August 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1573-08-09</span>)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">9 August 1573<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1573-08-09</span>)</span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:.5em;">Plymouth </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">Arrival </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">? <span style="font-size:85%;">/ Drake 30 men</span> </td> <td style="padding-left:.5em;vertical-align:top;">– </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drake and sea-faring company are thought to have profited at least £20,000 English pounds altogether in 1574 when they returned home to the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> (worth about £7.73 million British pounds sterling of current money 450 years later today in 2023). (However only one-fifth the amount of ill-gotten loot and much less than the previous £100,000 English pounds estimated to have been raked in from an earlier expedition a few years before). Some of this windfall treasure of gold and silver bullion, jewels and sold-off miscellaneous cargo, may have been forwarded to members of the English Royal government <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council">Privy Council</a>, (close to the Crown and Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a>), who reportedly secured Captain Drake a pre-emptive pardon for his unauthorised naval mercantile expedition. Sir Francis himself may have used some of his share of Spanish treasure to later be known to have bought a piece of property on Notte Street, in Plymouth, where he was listed two years later in documents as a merchant in 1576.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_paras._5–6Wright1932xlv_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_paras._5–6Wright1932xlv-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the first half of 1573, the <a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Panama" title="Real Audiencia of Panama">Real Audiencia of Panama</a> stationed 60 Spanish soldiers at the Nombre de Dios garrison, to bolster its defence, and further petitioned the Crown in <a href="/wiki/Madrid,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid, Spain">Madrid</a> to 'promptly to take measures necessary to the defence of this coast and kingdom, for it is considered certain that the corsairs who have now left will return in greater force, and it is even said that they announce that they will settle.' Later that year, Royal Spanish colonial authorities in Panama unfortunately retaliated with reprisals against Drake's <i>cimarron</i> native allies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1932pt._1_doc._no._25Wright1932xlvfootnote_no._3_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1932pt._1_doc._no._25Wright1932xlvfootnote_no._3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The neighboring <a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Guatemala" title="Real Audiencia of Guatemala">Real Audiencia of Guatemala</a> likewise took steps to better defend its realm and eastern coast on the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a>, planning – 'to settle some Indians in a location [in Golfo Dulce] such that they can send warning if any [pirate] vessels seek to enter.'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright193275pt._1_doc._no._29_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright193275pt._1_doc._no._29-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This voyage has been considered Drake's first <i>independent</i> expedition, with its final raid on the treasure train deemed 'the most daring attack ever made upon Spanish-American treasure [up to 1573]'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1932xxxvii,_xlii_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1932xxxvii,_xlii-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Captain / Sir Francis Drake (or his crew member Oxenham) is further reputed as the first Englishman / men to have sighted both the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Oceans</a> together (simultaneously) at the same time from Pedro Mandingo's mountain-top vista lookout point, (as did famous explorer <a href="/wiki/Vasco_Nu%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasco Nuñez de Balboa">Vasco Nuñez de Balboa</a> (c.1475–1519), had done for the first time, sixty years before in 1513, purportedly from the same lookout point), and the were the first Englishmen to have cruised the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Honduras">Bay of Honduras</a> along the western coast of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a>, (and possibly the eastern waters off-shore of the present-day <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Republic of Belize</a> – former colony of <a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">British Honduras</a> in Central America).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1932xli–xliiBest202150–51Winzerling194619–22_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1932xli–xliiBest202150–51Winzerling194619–22-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An artisanal rum distillery, named after Pedro Mandinga, was established in <a href="/wiki/Panama_City,_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="Panama City, Panama">Panama City</a> in Panama in the late 2010s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArjona2022para._1_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArjona2022para._1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drake%27s_Assault_on_Panama" title="Drake's Assault on Panama">Drake's Assault on Panama</a> – 1596 Anglo-Spanish battle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Morgan%27s_Panama_expedition" title="Henry Morgan's Panama expedition">Henry Morgan's Panama expedition</a> – 1670–1671 English assault</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It has been suggested that the 1572‍–‍1573 expedition was Drake's sixth one to the West Indies, making Drake's 1571 cruise his fifth, and further, that the former's aim was the capture of Nombre de Dios (<a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, pp. xxxvii–xxxviii).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The pinnaces (<i>Lion</i>, <i>Bear</i>, <i>Minion</i>) had been brought from Plymouth dismantled and stored as cargo, aboard the two main vessels <i>Pascha</i> and <i>Swan</i> (cf previous citations). Drake had learnt of the small hidden cove, dubbed <i>Port Pheasant</i>, on a prior trip. Entrance to the cove was through a narrow channel in some reefs. The cove had a beach of about a mile in length, and water seven fathoms deep. At the cove, the crew noticed smoke rising from the jungle. Near this spot was found a lead plate with a message that read‍–‍<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Captain Drake, if you fortune to come to this port make haste away, for the Spaniards which you had with you here last year have betrayed the place and taken away all that you left here. I departed from hence this present 7 of July 1572.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Your loving friend, John Garrett [of Plymouth].</cite></div></blockquote>(cf previous citations).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It has been suggested (no doubt, from other Spanish sources) that the gathered Spanish colonial militia did not, in fact, rapidly disperse, and that the invading English fleet made their escape only upon seeing the large armed defending congregation (rather than upon the captain's being injured) (<a href="#CITEREFKelsey2004">Kelsey 2004</a>, sec. 'Raids on the Spanish main' para. 3, <a href="#CITEREFDe_la_O_Torres2020">De la O Torres 2020</a>, p. 281).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Port Plenty called <i>Fort Diego</i> in <a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, p. xxxix, who further locates it on Slaughter Island, also in San Blas.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On 27 October, a Spanish merchant frigate ran aground in the bay, but Drake was prevented from taking it by the two military frigates which accompanied it. On 2 November, these were reinforced by an armed shallop, which engaged Drake (<a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, p. 102).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">During this cruise, 'Drake sought to do more or less honest business with the Spanish at Cartagena, where now he proffered for sale or barter tin, pewter, cloth and other merchandise. However, he found that King Philip had forbidden [the <i>vecinos</i>] to traffic with any foreign Nation; "no hope remained of any purchase to bee had in this place any longer" (<a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, p. xl).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBest2021">Best 2021</a>, p. 49 notes that <i>cimarrones</i> had (almost) taken Nombre de Dios by surprise six weeks prior to Drake's arrival in Dominica or Port Pheasant, and further claims John or Francis Drake made contact at Isla de las Palmas.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An empty Spanish frigate was seized near Magdalena, and a 90-tonne vessel (with victuals) near Curaçao. The latter's crew were detained for a day (<a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, p. 102).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Drake had been 'sodenlie stroken with a gunne shott' during a 9 October attempt to board a Spanish frigate passing near Port Plenty. Joseph Drake died of a fever that December (cf previous citations). <a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, p. xl suggests Joseph's death was part of a yellow fever epidemic in the crew's camp, which would have proved fatal to a number of the men. The crew's doctor, during Joseph's autopsy, had found no evidence of yellow fever. He nevertheless concocted an antidote, 'which he hoped would save other crew members,' but died upon trying his own medicine (<a href="#CITEREFBest2021">Best 2021</a>, p. 50).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On 11 February, the <i>cimarron</i> chief, Pedro Mandingo, lead Drake to a hilltop tree, from where the latter sighted both oceans flaking the isthmus, thereby (reputedly) being the first Englishman to do so. Drake is said to have prayed that God 'give him life and leave to sail once in an English ship in that sea' (<a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, p. 102, <a href="#CITEREFBest2021">Best 2021</a>, p. 51).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">At this point, the <i>Lion</i> was scuttled 'for lack of men' (<a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, p. 103).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the month of February a little frigate sailed along the coast of Verague to the mouth of El Desaguadero [San Juan River]. She carried thirteen Englishmen. Her armament was eighteen small culverins and two larger pieces, all ready for action. They seized four frigates which had sailed from the province of Nicaragua (from the city of Leon and from the city of Granada) and were bound to Nombre de Dios to sell poultry, maize and such like. / On Holy Thursday, in the afternoon, these same English with a frigate and a pinnace and a skiff arrived at La Guanaja, which is an island close to the city of Trujillo. They were guided by Antonio Vaez, Portuguese, and two Spaniards whom they had made prisoners at Cape Cameron, where these men had been held captives among the Indians. Seven years before in company with Licentiate Ortiz they had gone to Tegucigalpa and there they had remained, lost. / These two gave the English to understand that they would persuade the Indians of the island to give them good supplies and what they might need. As soon as they reached land they made off among the Indians, who brought them in a canoe to Trujillo, where they now are. / From Trujillo forty soldiers set out in a small ship in search of the Englishman. They say they did not find him, and that he had sailed, steering a northerly course. / I had written to the town council to be on the alert to attack these English if they called; and I warned Puerto de Caballos to be ready, advising that I understood these people were going to do damage in that place. Similarly, they intended to enter Golfo Dulce and pillage certain Spanish establishments which are at the landing place, where there is a quantity of wine and merchandise.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Guatemala, 15 May 1573, Villalobos to Crown, trans. Wright (<a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, pt. 1 doc. no 29).</cite></div></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBergreen2021">Bergreen 2021</a>, pp. 51–52 places the chance meeting as occurring off Cativas Island, and further dates it to 23 March 1573, though does not indicate whether the date is Gregorian or Julian.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKelsey2004">Kelsey 2004</a>, sec. 'Raids on the Spanish main' para. 5 suggests that this raid netted Drake's company at least £20,000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Testu, who had not died immediately upon his wounding, was left near the ambush site with two of his men. In mid-April, Oxenham, Thomas Sherwell, with 10 of their men and 16 <i>cimarrones</i>, returned to rescue Le Testu. To their dismay, they discover Le Testu and one of his men had been taken by Spaniards on the day of the ambush, along with most of the 15 tonnes of silver which had been hidden. Oxenham rescued the remaining Frenchman, and retrieved 13 silver bars and a few quoits of gold before rejoining Drake (<a href="#CITEREFMarley1998"> & Marley 1998</a>, pp. 103–104).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diego, the <i>cimarron</i>, joined Drake's crew (<a href="#CITEREFBergreen2021">Bergreen 2021</a>, cap. 1 sec. 'Drake did not expect to command ...' para. 9).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The accuracy of some of these dates has been called into question (<a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, p. xli).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_citations">Short citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Short citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._2–3Marley1998101-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._2–3Marley1998101_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKelsey2004">Kelsey 2004</a>, sec. 'Raids on the Spanish main' para. 2–3; <a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._3Marley1998101Best202148–49-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._3Marley1998101Best202148–49_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKelsey2004">Kelsey 2004</a>, sec. 'Raids on the Spanish main' para. 3; <a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, p. 101; <a href="#CITEREFBest2021">Best 2021</a>, pp. 48–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._3_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKelsey2004">Kelsey 2004</a>, sec. 'Raids on the Spanish main' para. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998101Kelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._3Wright1932xxxviii-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998101Kelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._3Wright1932xxxviii_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, p. 101; <a href="#CITEREFKelsey2004">Kelsey 2004</a>, sec. 'Raids on the Spanish main' para. 3; <a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, p. xxxviii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998101De_la_O_Torres2020268,_281Wright1932xxxvii–xxxviiiBest202149-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998101De_la_O_Torres2020268,_281Wright1932xxxvii–xxxviiiBest202149_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, p. 101; <a href="#CITEREFDe_la_O_Torres2020">De la O Torres 2020</a>, pp. 268, 281; <a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, pp. xxxvii–xxxviii; <a href="#CITEREFBest2021">Best 2021</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._4Marley1998101–102Wright1932xxxivBest202149–50-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._4Marley1998101–102Wright1932xxxivBest202149–50_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKelsey2004">Kelsey 2004</a>, sec. 'Raids on the Spanish main' para. 4; <a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, pp. 101–102; <a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, p. xxxiv; <a href="#CITEREFBest2021">Best 2021</a>, pp. 49–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._4Marley1998101–102Best202150-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._4Marley1998101–102Best202150_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKelsey2004">Kelsey 2004</a>, sec. 'Raids on the Spanish main' para. 4; <a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, pp. 101–102; <a href="#CITEREFBest2021">Best 2021</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998102-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998102_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998102_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._4Marley1998102Wright1932xl-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._4Marley1998102Wright1932xl_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKelsey2004">Kelsey 2004</a>, sec. 'Raids on the Spanish main' para. 4; <a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, p. 102; <a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, p. xl.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._4Marley1998102Wright1932xli–xliiiBest202150–51-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_para._4Marley1998102Wright1932xli–xliiiBest202150–51_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKelsey2004">Kelsey 2004</a>, sec. 'Raids on the Spanish main' para. 4; <a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, p. 102; <a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, pp. xli–xliii; <a href="#CITEREFBest2021">Best 2021</a>, pp. 50–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998102–103-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998102–103_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, pp. 102–103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998103De_la_O_Torres2020281–282Wright1932xliii–xlivBergreen202151–52-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998103De_la_O_Torres2020281–282Wright1932xliii–xlivBergreen202151–52_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, p. 103; <a href="#CITEREFDe_la_O_Torres2020">De la O Torres 2020</a>, pp. 281–282; <a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, pp. xliii–xliv; <a href="#CITEREFBergreen2021">Bergreen 2021</a>, pp. 51–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998103–104Wright1932livBest202152-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998103–104Wright1932livBest202152_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, pp. 103–104; <a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, pp. liv; <a href="#CITEREFBest2021">Best 2021</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998104Bergreen202152–53-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998104Bergreen202152–53_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, p. 104; <a href="#CITEREFBergreen2021">Bergreen 2021</a>, pp. 52–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarley1998101–104Wright1932pt._1_docs._nos._17–35Wright1932????????Best202148–53-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarley1998101–104Wright1932pt._1_docs._nos._17–35Wright1932????????Best202148–53_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarley1998">Marley 1998</a>, pp. 101–104; <a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, pt. 1 docs. nos. 17–35; <a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, pp. ????????; <a href="#CITEREFBest2021">Best 2021</a>, pp. 48–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_paras._5–6Wright1932xlv-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelsey2004sec._'Raids_on_the_Spanish_main'_paras._5–6Wright1932xlv_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKelsey2004">Kelsey 2004</a>, sec. 'Raids on the Spanish main' paras. 5–6; <a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, p. xlv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1932pt._1_doc._no._25Wright1932xlvfootnote_no._3-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1932pt._1_doc._no._25Wright1932xlvfootnote_no._3_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, pt. 1 doc. no. 25; <a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, p. xlv, footnote no. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright193275pt._1_doc._no._29-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright193275pt._1_doc._no._29_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, p. 75, pt. 1 doc. no. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1932xxxvii,_xlii-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1932xxxvii,_xlii_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, pp. xxxvii, xlii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1932xli–xliiBest202150–51Winzerling194619–22-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1932xli–xliiBest202150–51Winzerling194619–22_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWright1932">Wright 1932</a>, pp. xli–xlii; <a href="#CITEREFBest2021">Best 2021</a>, pp. 50–51; <a href="#CITEREFWinzerling1946">Winzerling 1946</a>, pp. 19–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArjona2022para._1-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArjona2022para._1_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArjona2022">Arjona 2022</a>, para. 1.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Full_citations">Full citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Full citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ol><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAndrews1958" class="citation book cs1">Andrews, Kenneth R, ed. (1958). <i>English privateering voyages to the West Indies, 1588–1595 : documents relating to English voyages to the West Indies from the defeat of the armada to the last voyage of Sir Francis Drake</i>. Works issued by the Hakluyt Society ; 2nd ser., no. 111 (1st ed.). Cambridge: Published for the Hakluyt Society at the University Press. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015026881832">2027/mdp.39015026881832</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/504851">504851</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+privateering+voyages+to+the+West+Indies%2C+1588%E2%80%931595+%3A+documents+relating+to+English+voyages+to+the+West+Indies+from+the+defeat+of+the+armada+to+the+last+voyage+of+Sir+Francis+Drake&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=Works+issued+by+the+Hakluyt+Society+%3B+2nd+ser.%2C+no.+111&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Published+for+the+Hakluyt+Society+at+the+University+Press&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015026881832&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F504851&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews1968" class="citation book cs1">Andrews, Kenneth R. (1968) [First published 1967 by Weidenfeld & Nicolson]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/drakesvoyagesrea00andr/"><i>Drake's voyages: a re-assessment of their place in Elizabethan maritime expansion</i></a>. Works issued by the Hakluyt Society,2d ser., no. 111. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015026881832">2027/mdp.39015026881832</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/250607">250607</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drake%27s+voyages%3A+a+re-assessment+of+their+place+in+Elizabethan+maritime+expansion&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Works+issued+by+the+Hakluyt+Society%2C2d+ser.%2C+no.+111&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015026881832&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F250607&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdrakesvoyagesrea00andr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArjona2022" class="citation news cs1">Arjona, Esther M. (20 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laestrella.com.pa/cafe-estrella/cultura/220320/sabores-pedro-mandinga">"Los sabores de Pedro Mandinga"</a>. <i>Estrella de Panamá</i>. Panama City<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estrella+de+Panam%C3%A1&rft.atitle=Los+sabores+de+Pedro+Mandinga&rft.date=2022-03-20&rft.aulast=Arjona&rft.aufirst=Esther+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laestrella.com.pa%2Fcafe-estrella%2Fcultura%2F220320%2Fsabores-pedro-mandinga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergreen2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Bergreen" title="Laurence Bergreen">Bergreen, Laurence</a> (2021). <i>In search of a kingdom : Francis Drake, Elizabeth I, and the perilous birth of the British Empire</i> (1st ed.). New York: Custom House. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1193560224">1193560224</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+search+of+a+kingdom+%3A+Francis+Drake%2C+Elizabeth+I%2C+and+the+perilous+birth+of+the+British+Empire&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Custom+House&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1193560224&rft.aulast=Bergreen&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBest2021" class="citation book cs1">Best, Brian (2021). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=2804205&site=ehost-live&scope=site"><i>Elizabeth's sea dogs and their war against Spain</i></a></span> (1st ed.). Barnsley: Frontline Books. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1241107573">1241107573</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabeth%27s+sea+dogs+and+their+war+against+Spain&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Frontline+Books&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1241107573&rft.aulast=Best&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dnlebk%26AN%3D2804205%26site%3Dehost-live%26scope%3Dsite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBicheno,_Hugh2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Bicheno" title="Hugh Bicheno">Bicheno, Hugh</a> (2012). <i>Elizabeth's Sea Dogs: How England's Mariners Became the Scourge of the Seas</i>. Conway. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1844861743" title="Special:BookSources/978-1844861743"><bdi>978-1844861743</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabeth%27s+Sea+Dogs%3A+How+England%27s+Mariners+Became+the+Scourge+of+the+Seas&rft.pub=Conway&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1844861743&rft.au=Bicheno%2C+Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley1999" class="citation book cs1">Bradley, Peter T. (1999). <i>British maritime enterprise in the New World : from the late fifteenth to the mid-eighteenth century</i>. Studies in British history ; v. 57 (1st ed.). Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015054149409">2027/mdp.39015054149409</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773478664" title="Special:BookSources/9780773478664"><bdi>9780773478664</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/42290563">42290563</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+maritime+enterprise+in+the+New+World+%3A+from+the+late+fifteenth+to+the+mid-eighteenth+century&rft.place=Lewiston%2C+NY&rft.series=Studies+in+British+history+%3B+v.+57&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Edwin+Mellen+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015054149409&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F42290563&rft.isbn=9780773478664&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Peter+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_la_O_Torres2014" class="citation thesis cs1">De la O Torres, Rodrigo Alejandro (November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ciesas.repositorioinstitucional.mx/jspui/handle/1015/1044"><i>DE CORSARIOS, MARES Y COSTAS: EL CORSO EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL ESPACIO GOLFO-CARIBE. 1527-1620</i></a> (PhD). Mérida, Yuc.: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=DE+CORSARIOS%2C+MARES+Y+COSTAS%3A+EL+CORSO+EN+LA+CONSTRUCCI%C3%93N+DEL+ESPACIO+GOLFO-CARIBE.+1527-1620&rft.inst=Centro+de+Investigaciones+y+Estudios+Superiores+en+Antropolog%C3%ADa+Social&rft.date=2014-11&rft.aulast=De+la+O+Torres&rft.aufirst=Rodrigo+Alejandro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fciesas.repositorioinstitucional.mx%2Fjspui%2Fhandle%2F1015%2F1044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_la_O_Torres2016" class="citation journal cs1">De la O Torres, Rodrigo Alejandro (January–June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5589881">"La presencia de corsarios franceses en el Golfo-Caribe entre 1536–1566 : una propuesta de análisis espacial"</a>. <i>Historia 2.0: Conocimiento Histórico en Clave Digital</i>. <b>6</b> (11): 36–56. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2027-9035">2027-9035</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historia+2.0%3A+Conocimiento+Hist%C3%B3rico+en+Clave+Digital&rft.atitle=La+presencia+de+corsarios+franceses+en+el+Golfo-Caribe+entre+1536%E2%80%931566+%3A+una+propuesta+de+an%C3%A1lisis+espacial&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=36-56&rft.date=2016-01%2F2016-06&rft.issn=2027-9035&rft.aulast=De+la+O+Torres&rft.aufirst=Rodrigo+Alejandro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fservlet%2Farticulo%3Fcodigo%3D5589881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_la_O_Torres2019" class="citation journal cs1">De la O Torres, Rodrigo Alejandro (July–December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15446%2Fhistorelo.v11n22.73263">"Miedos y fenómeno de la piratería en el Golfo-Caribe durante el siglo XVI. Un ensayo de aproximación"</a>. <i>Historelo revista de historia regional y local</i>. <b>11</b> (2): 267–300. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15446%2Fhistorelo.v11n22.73263">10.15446/historelo.v11n22.73263</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2145-132X">2145-132X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:198778698">198778698</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historelo+revista+de+historia+regional+y+local&rft.atitle=Miedos+y+fen%C3%B3meno+de+la+pirater%C3%ADa+en+el+Golfo-Caribe+durante+el+siglo+XVI.+Un+ensayo+de+aproximaci%C3%B3n&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=267-300&rft.date=2019-07%2F2019-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A198778698%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2145-132X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15446%2Fhistorelo.v11n22.73263&rft.aulast=De+la+O+Torres&rft.aufirst=Rodrigo+Alejandro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.15446%252Fhistorelo.v11n22.73263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_la_O_Torres2020" class="citation book cs1">De la O Torres, Rodrigo Alejandro (2020). <i>DE CORSARIOS, MARES Y COSTAS : El corso en la construcción del espacio y experiencias marítimas en el Golfo-Caribe, 1527–1620</i> (1st ed.). Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes: Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1280054563">1280054563</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DE+CORSARIOS%2C+MARES+Y+COSTAS+%3A+El+corso+en+la+construcci%C3%B3n+del+espacio+y+experiencias+mar%C3%ADtimas+en+el+Golfo-Caribe%2C+1527%E2%80%931620&rft.place=Ciudad+Universitaria%2C+Aguascalientes&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Universidad+Aut%C3%B3noma+de+Aguascalientes&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1280054563&rft.aulast=De+la+O+Torres&rft.aufirst=Rodrigo+Alejandro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasteazoroAraúzMuñoz_Pinzón1980" class="citation book cs1">Gasteazoro, Carlos Manuel; Araúz, Calestino Andrés; Muñoz Pinzón, Armando (1980). <i>Tabla cronológica : (de hechos históricos, políticos, sociales, económicos, culturales y científicos)</i> (1st ed.). Panamá: Lotería Nacional de Beneficencia. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12830207">12830207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tabla+cronol%C3%B3gica+%3A+%28de+hechos+hist%C3%B3ricos%2C+pol%C3%ADticos%2C+sociales%2C+econ%C3%B3micos%2C+culturales+y+cient%C3%ADficos%29&rft.place=Panam%C3%A1&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Loter%C3%ADa+Nacional+de+Beneficencia&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12830207&rft.aulast=Gasteazoro&rft.aufirst=Carlos+Manuel&rft.au=Ara%C3%BAz%2C+Calestino+Andr%C3%A9s&rft.au=Mu%C3%B1oz+Pinz%C3%B3n%2C+Armando&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFigueroaJohnsonGoodwin2021" class="citation book cs1">Figueroa, Alejandro J.; Johnson, Erlend; Goodwin, Whitney A., eds. (2021). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse-jhu-edu.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/book/82605"><i>Southeastern Mesoamerica : indigenous interaction, resilience, and change</i></a></span> (1st ed.). Louisville, Colorado: University Press of Colorado. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1226797442">1226797442</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeastern+Mesoamerica+%3A+indigenous+interaction%2C+resilience%2C+and+change&rft.place=Louisville%2C+Colorado&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Colorado&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1226797442&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse-jhu-edu.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu%2Fbook%2F82605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalvin1991" class="citation thesis cs1">Galvin, Peter Robert (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/5233"><i>The Pirates' Wake: A Geography of Piracy and Pirates as Geographers in Colonial Spanish America, 1536–1718. (Volumes I and II)</i></a> (PhD). Baton Rouge, Louis.: Louisiana State University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Pirates%27+Wake%3A+A+Geography+of+Piracy+and+Pirates+as+Geographers+in+Colonial+Spanish+America%2C+1536%E2%80%931718.+%28Volumes+I+and+II%29.&rft.inst=Louisiana+State+University&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Galvin&rft.aufirst=Peter+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.lsu.edu%2Fgradschool_disstheses%2F5233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHakluyt1600" class="citation book cs1">Hakluyt, Richard, ed. (1600). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/2248550788"><i>The principal nauigations, voiages, traffiques and discoueries of the English nation made by sea or ouer-land, to the remote and farthest distant quarters of the earth, at any time within the compasse of these 1500. yeeres: deuided into three seuerall volumes, according to the positions of the regions, whereunto they were directed</i></a></span>. Vol. 3 (2nd expanded ed.). London: George Bishop, Ralfe Newberie, & Robert Barker. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/252871354">252871354</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/2248550788">2248550788</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+principal+nauigations%2C+voiages%2C+traffiques+and+discoueries+of+the+English+nation+made+by+sea+or+ouer-land%2C+to+the+remote+and+farthest+distant+quarters+of+the+earth%2C+at+any+time+within+the+compasse+of+these+1500.+yeeres%3A+deuided+into+three+seuerall+volumes%2C+according+to+the+positions+of+the+regions%2C+whereunto+they+were+directed&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd+expanded&rft.pub=George+Bishop%2C+Ralfe+Newberie%2C+%26+Robert+Barker&rft.date=1600&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F252871354&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F2248550788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowgego1958" class="citation book cs1">Howgego, Raymond John (1958). <i>To 1800: a comprehensive reference guide to the history and literature of exploration, travel, and colonization from the earliest times to the year 1800</i>. Encyclopedia of exploration to 1800 : a comprehensive reference guide to the history and literature of exploration, travel, and colonization from the earliest times to the year 1800 (1st ed.). Potts Point, N.S.W.: Hordern House. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.49015002827245">2027/mdp.49015002827245</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781875567362" title="Special:BookSources/9781875567362"><bdi>9781875567362</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52377840">52377840</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+1800%3A+a+comprehensive+reference+guide+to+the+history+and+literature+of+exploration%2C+travel%2C+and+colonization+from+the+earliest+times+to+the+year+1800&rft.place=Potts+Point%2C+N.S.W.&rft.series=Encyclopedia+of+exploration+to+1800+%3A+a+comprehensive+reference+guide+to+the+history+and+literature+of+exploration%2C+travel%2C+and+colonization+from+the+earliest+times+to+the+year+1800&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Hordern+House&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.49015002827245&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52377840&rft.isbn=9781875567362&rft.aulast=Howgego&rft.aufirst=Raymond+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelsey2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kelsey, Harry (23 September 2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi-org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1093/ref:odnb/8022">"Drake, Sir Francis"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8022">10.1093/ref:odnb/8022</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Drake%2C+Sir+Francis&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004-09-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8022&rft.aulast=Kelsey&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi-org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarley1998" class="citation book cs1">Marley, David F. (1998). <i>Wars of the Americas : a chronology of armed conflict in the New World, 1492 to the present</i> (1st ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.49015002845379">2027/mdp.49015002845379</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780874368376" title="Special:BookSources/9780874368376"><bdi>9780874368376</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39024726">39024726</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wars+of+the+Americas+%3A+a+chronology+of+armed+conflict+in+the+New+World%2C+1492+to+the+present&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.49015002845379&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39024726&rft.isbn=9780874368376&rft.aulast=Marley&rft.aufirst=David+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarley2010" class="citation book cs1">Marley, David F. (2010). <i>1650-1685</i>. Pirates of the Americas. Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/436030697">436030697</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1650-1685&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.series=Pirates+of+the+Americas&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F436030697&rft.aulast=Marley&rft.aufirst=David+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarley2010" class="citation book cs1">Marley, David F. (2010). <i>1686–1725</i>. Pirates of the Americas. Vol. 2 (1st ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/436030697">436030697</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1686%E2%80%931725&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.series=Pirates+of+the+Americas&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F436030697&rft.aulast=Marley&rft.aufirst=David+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDermott2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McDermott, James (23 September 2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi-org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1093/ref:odnb/21057">"Oxenham, John"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F21057">10.1093/ref:odnb/21057</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oxenham%2C+John&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004-09-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F21057&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi-org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F21057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson1927" class="citation book cs1">Williamson, James A. (1927). <i>Sir John Hawkins : the time and the man</i> (1st ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015027905218">2027/mdp.39015027905218</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3075296">3075296</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+John+Hawkins+%3A+the+time+and+the+man&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1927&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015027905218&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3075296&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson1938" class="citation book cs1">Williamson, James A. (1938). <i>The age of Drake</i>. Pioneer histories, edited by V. T. Harlow ... And J. A. Williamson (1st ed.). London: Adam and Charles Black. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015014588183">2027/mdp.39015014588183</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1421005">1421005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+age+of+Drake&rft.place=London&rft.series=Pioneer+histories%2C+edited+by+V.+T.+Harlow+...+And+J.+A.+Williamson&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Adam+and+Charles+Black&rft.date=1938&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015014588183&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1421005&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinzerling1946" class="citation book cs1">Winzerling, E. O. (1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dloc.com/UF00099216/00001"><i>Beginning of British Honduras, 1506–1765</i></a> (1st ed.). New York: North River Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1892890">1892890</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beginning+of+British+Honduras%2C+1506%E2%80%931765&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=North+River+Press&rft.date=1946&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1892890&rft.aulast=Winzerling&rft.aufirst=E.+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdloc.com%2FUF00099216%2F00001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1929" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Irene A., ed. (1929). <i>Spanish documents concerning English voyages to the Caribbean, 1527–1568</i>. Works issued by the Hakluyt Society ; 2nd ser., no. 62 (1st ed.). London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2092435">2092435</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spanish+documents+concerning+English+voyages+to+the+Caribbean%2C+1527%E2%80%931568&rft.place=London&rft.series=Works+issued+by+the+Hakluyt+Society+%3B+2nd+ser.%2C+no.+62&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Printed+for+the+Hakluyt+Society&rft.date=1929&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2092435&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1932" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Irene A., ed. (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.01751/"><i>Documents concerning English voyages to the Spanish main, 1569–1580</i></a>. Works issued by the Hakluyt Society ; 2nd ser., no. 71 (1st ed.). London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015012306133">2027/mdp.39015012306133</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1476408">1476408</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Documents+concerning+English+voyages+to+the+Spanish+main%2C+1569%E2%80%931580&rft.place=London&rft.series=Works+issued+by+the+Hakluyt+Society+%3B+2nd+ser.%2C+no.+71&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Printed+for+the+Hakluyt+Society&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015012306133&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1476408&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdli.ministry.01751%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1951" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Irene A., ed. (1951). <i>Further English voyages to Spanish America, 1583–1594 : documents from the Archives of the Indies at Seville illustrating English voyages to the Caribbean, the Spanish Main, Florida, and Virginia</i>. Works issued by the Hakluyt Society ; 2nd ser., no. 99 (1st ed.). London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015026881790">2027/mdp.39015026881790</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1476734">1476734</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Further+English+voyages+to+Spanish+America%2C+1583%E2%80%931594+%3A+documents+from+the+Archives+of+the+Indies+at+Seville+illustrating+English+voyages+to+the+Caribbean%2C+the+Spanish+Main%2C+Florida%2C+and+Virginia&rft.place=London&rft.series=Works+issued+by+the+Hakluyt+Society+%3B+2nd+ser.%2C+no.+99&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Printed+for+the+Hakluyt+Society&rft.date=1951&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015026881790&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1476734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Drake%27s+expedition+of+1572%E2%80%931573" class="Z3988"></span></li></ol> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sir_Francis_Drake" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Francis_Drake" title="Template:Francis Drake"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Francis_Drake" title="Template talk:Francis Drake"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Francis_Drake" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Francis Drake"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sir_Francis_Drake" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Sir Francis Drake</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Drake%27s_Drum" title="Drake's Drum">Drake's Drum</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Drake_Jewel" title="Drake Jewel">Drake Jewel</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_de_Ul%C3%BAa_(1568)" title="Battle of San Juan de Ulúa (1568)">Battle of San Juan de Ulúa (1568)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francis Drake's expedition of 1572–1573</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathlin_Island_massacre" title="Rathlin Island massacre">Rathlin Island massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake%27s_circumnavigation" title="Francis Drake's circumnavigation">Francis Drake's circumnavigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake_in_California" title="Drake in California">Drake in California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Albion" title="New Albion">New Albion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Santiago_(1585)" title="Capture of Santiago (1585)">Capture of Santiago (1585)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)" title="Battle of Santo Domingo (1586)">Battle of Santo Domingo (1586)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cartagena_de_Indias_(1586)" title="Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1586)">Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1586)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_St._Augustine" title="Raid on St. Augustine">Raid on St. Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_Colony" title="Roanoke Colony">Roanoke Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singeing_the_King_of_Spain%27s_Beard" title="Singeing the King of Spain's Beard">Singeing the King of Spain's Beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Armada" title="English Armada">English Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Palmas" title="Battle of Las Palmas">Battle of Las Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1595)" title="Battle of San Juan (1595)">Battle of San Juan (1595)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake%27s_Assault_on_Panama" title="Drake's Assault on Panama">Drake's Assault on Panama</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Francis_Drake.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Coat_of_arms_of_Francis_Drake.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Francis_Drake.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Coat_of_arms_of_Francis_Drake.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Francis_Drake.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Coat_of_arms_of_Francis_Drake.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Francis_Drake.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="1047" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_Sea_Dogs" title="Elizabethan Sea Dogs">Elizabethan Sea Dogs</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Baskerville_(general)" title="Thomas Baskerville (general)">Thomas Baskerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Carleill" title="Christopher Carleill">Christopher Carleill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Doughty_(explorer)" title="Thomas Doughty (explorer)">Thomas Doughty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Drake,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Drake, 1st Baronet">Sir Francis Drake, 1st Baronet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Fletcher_(priest)" title="Francis Fletcher (priest)">Francis Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hatton" title="Christopher Hatton">Christopher Hatton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lovell_(slave_trader)" title="John Lovell (slave trader)">John Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oxenham" title="John Oxenham">John Oxenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Norris_(soldier)" title="John Norris (soldier)">John Norris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Namesakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drakes_Bay" title="Drakes Bay">Drakes Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake%27s_Island" title="Drake's Island">Drake's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake%27s_Leat" title="Drake's Leat">Drake's Leat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake_Passage" title="Drake Passage">Drake Passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake%27s_Plate_of_Brass" title="Drake's Plate of Brass">Drake's Plate of Brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake_Navigators_Guild" title="Drake Navigators Guild">Drake Navigators Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Drake" title="HMS Drake">HMS Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sir_Francis_Drake" title="Mount Sir Francis Drake">Mount Sir Francis Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Drake_Boulevard" title="Sir Francis Drake Boulevard">Sir Francis Drake Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Drake_Channel" title="Sir Francis Drake Channel">Sir Francis Drake Channel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Buckland_Abbey" title="Buckland Abbey">Buckland Abbey</a> •  <i><a href="/wiki/Golden_Hind" title="Golden Hind">Golden Hind</a></i> •  <i><a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_la_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Nuestra Señora de la Concepción">Nuestra Señora de la Concepción</a></i>  •  <a href="/wiki/English_ship_Bonaventure_(1567)" title="English ship Bonaventure (1567)">English ship Bonaventure (1567)</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/English_ship_Revenge_(1577)" title="English ship Revenge (1577)">English ship Revenge (1577)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Piracy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pirates" title="Template:Pirates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pirates" title="Template talk:Pirates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pirates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pirates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Piracy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">Piracy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Piracy_by_period" title="Category:Piracy by period">Periods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mediterranean_piracy" title="Ancient Mediterranean piracy">Ancient Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Piracy" title="Golden Age of Piracy">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_21st_century" title="Piracy in the 21st century">21st century</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_piracy" title="2022 in piracy">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_piracy" title="2023 in piracy">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_piracy" title="2024 in piracy">2024</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;">Types of pirate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_piracy" title="Albanian piracy">Albanian piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Turkish_piracy" title="Anglo-Turkish piracy">Anglo-Turkish piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Slavic_piracy" title="Baltic Slavic piracy">Baltic Slavic pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" title="Barbary pirates">Barbary pirates (corsairs)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corsairs_of_Algiers" title="Corsairs of Algiers">Algiers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brethren_of_the_Coast" title="Brethren of the Coast">Brethren of the Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccaneer" title="Buccaneer">Buccaneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilician_pirates" title="Cilician pirates">Cilician pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pirate" title="Child pirate">Child pirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossack pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filibuster_(military)" title="Filibuster (military)">Filibusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_corsairs" title="French corsairs">French corsairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_pirates" title="Jewish pirates">Jewish pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Sulu_and_Celebes_Seas" title="Piracy in the Sulu and Celebes Seas">Moro pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narentines" title="Narentines">Narentines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">Privateers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_privateer" title="Confederate privateer">Confederate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_pirate" title="River pirate">River pirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geuzen" title="Geuzen">Sea Beggars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_Sea_Dogs" title="Elizabethan Sea Dogs">Sea Dogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawarij" title="Bawarij">Sindhi corsairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_pirate" title="Timber pirate">Timber pirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushkuyniks" title="Ushkuyniks">Ushkuyniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uskoks" title="Uskoks">Uskoks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victual_Brothers" title="Victual Brothers">Victual Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wokou" title="Wokou">Wokou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_piracy" title="Women in piracy">Women in piracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Atlantic_World" title="Piracy in the Atlantic World">Atlantic World</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean" title="Piracy in the Caribbean">Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Piracy in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Main" title="Spanish Main">Spanish Main</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_on_Lake_Nicaragua" title="Piracy on Lake Nicaragua">Lake Nicaragua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Piracy off the coast of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian Ocean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_around_the_Horn_of_Africa" title="Piracy around the Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia" title="Piracy off the coast of Somalia">Somali Coast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_Indonesia" title="Piracy in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Piracy in the Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Strait_of_Malacca" title="Piracy in the Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nosy_Boraha" title="Nosy Boraha">Nosy Boraha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other waters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Slavic_piracy" title="Baltic Slavic piracy">Baltic Slavic piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_Coast" title="Barbary Coast">Barbary Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_on_Falcon_Lake" title="Piracy on Falcon Lake">Falcon Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_the_South_China_Coast" title="Pirates of the South China Coast">South China Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Sulu_and_Celebes_Seas" title="Piracy in the Sulu and Celebes Seas">Sulu Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pirate_haven" title="Pirate haven">Pirate havens</a><br />and bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barataria_Bay" title="Barataria Bay">Barataria Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Sainte-Marie" class="mw-redirect" title="Île Sainte-Marie">Île Sainte-Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertatia" title="Libertatia">Libertatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lundy" title="Lundy">Lundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehdya,_Morocco" title="Mehdya, Morocco">Mamora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Royal" title="Port Royal">Port Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pirates" title="Republic of Pirates">Republic of Pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Sal%C3%A9" title="Republic of Salé">Republic of Salé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Augustin,_Madagascar" title="Saint Augustin, Madagascar">Saint Augustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Malo" title="Saint-Malo">Saint-Malo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortuga_(Haiti)" title="Tortuga (Haiti)">Tortuga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;">Major figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pirates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abduwali_Muse" title="Abduwali Muse">Abduwali Muse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abshir_Boyah" title="Abshir Boyah">Abshir Boyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Baldridge" title="Adam Baldridge">Adam Baldridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Samuel" title="Abraham Samuel">Abraham Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_and_Alfhild" title="Alf and Alfhild">Alfhild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_W._Hicks" title="Albert W. Hicks">Albert W. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bonny" title="Anne Bonny">Anne Bonny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dieu-le-Veut" title="Anne Dieu-le-Veut">Anne Dieu-le-Veut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Faria" title="António de Faria">António de Faria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Exquemelin" title="Alexandre Exquemelin">Alexandre Exquemelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemisia_I_of_Caria" title="Artemisia I of Caria">Artemisia I of Caria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awilda" title="Awilda">Awilda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolomeu_Portugu%C3%AAs" title="Bartolomeu Português">Bartolomeu Português</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_Roberts" title="Bartholomew Roberts">Bartholomew Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_de_Soto" title="Benito de Soto">Benito de Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hornigold" title="Benjamin Hornigold">Benjamin Hornigold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Caesar_(pirate)" title="Black Caesar (pirate)">Black Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackbeard" title="Blackbeard">Blackbeard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bully_Hayes" title="Bully Hayes">Bully Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Qian" title="Cai Qian">Cai Qian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calico_Jack" title="Calico Jack">Calico Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gibbs" title="Charles Gibbs">Charles Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_de_Berry" title="Charlotte de Berry">Charlotte de Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheung_Po_Tsai" title="Cheung Po Tsai">Cheung Po Tsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Anna_Skytte" title="Christina Anna Skytte">Christina Anna Skytte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chui_A-poo" title="Chui A-poo">Chui A-poo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Seavey" title="Dan Seavey">Dan Seavey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diabolito" title="Diabolito">Diabolito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dido" title="Dido">Dido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Chivers" title="Dirk Chivers">Dirk Chivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_You" title="Dominique You">Dominique You</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_England" title="Edward England">Edward England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Low" title="Edward Low">Edward Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Boggs" title="Eli Boggs">Eli Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elise_Eskilsdotter" title="Elise Eskilsdotter">Elise Eskilsdotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_the_Monk" title="Eustace the Monk">Eustace the Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_Burn" title="Flora Burn">Flora Burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Gang" title="Flying Gang">Flying Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C5%ABma_Kotar%C5%8D" title="Fūma Kotarō">Fūma Kotarō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Le_Clerc" title="François Le Clerc">François Le Clerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_l%27Olonnais" title="François l'Olonnais">François l'Olonnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gan_Ning" title="Gan Ning">Gan Ning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_O%27Malley" title="Grace O'Malley">Grace O'Malley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayreddin_Barbarossa" title="Hayreddin Barbarossa">Hayreddin Barbarossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrick_Lucifer" title="Hendrick Lucifer">Hendrick Lucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Caesar" title="Henri Caesar">Henri Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Every" title="Henry Every">Henry Every</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Morgan" title="Henry Morgan">Henry Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Strangways_(pirate)" title="Henry Strangways (pirate)">Henry Strangways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Bouchard" title="Hippolyte Bouchard">Hippolyte Bouchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Bamei" title="Huang Bamei">Huang Bamei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Hands" title="Israel Hands">Israel Hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacquotte_Delahaye" title="Jacquotte Delahaye">Jacquotte Delahaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Janszoon" title="Jan Janszoon">Jan Janszoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lafitte" title="Jean Lafitte">Jean Lafitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_de_Clisson" title="Jeanne de Clisson">Jeanne de Clisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanna_H%C3%A5rd" title="Johanna Hård">Johanna Hård</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hawkins_(naval_commander)" title="John Hawkins (naval commander)">John Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hoar" title="John Hoar">John Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Newland_Maffitt_(privateer)" title="John Newland Maffitt (privateer)">John Newland Maffitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pro" title="John Pro">John Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_J%C3%B8rgensen" title="Jørgen Jørgensen">Jørgen Jørgensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Joaquim_Almeida" title="José Joaquim Almeida">José Joaquim Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Baker_(pirate)" title="Joseph Baker (pirate)">Joseph Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barss" title="Joseph Barss">Joseph Barss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_St%C3%B6rtebeker" title="Klaus Störtebeker">Klaus Störtebeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Choi_San" title="Lai Choi San">Lai Choi San</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurens_de_Graaf" title="Laurens de Graaf">Laurens de Graaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Prince" title="Lawrence Prince">Lawrence Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Daoming" title="Liang Daoming">Liang Daoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limahong" title="Limahong">Limahong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo_Hon-cho" title="Lo Hon-cho">Lo Hon-cho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Michel_Aury" title="Louis-Michel Aury">Louis-Michel Aury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansel_Alcantra" title="Mansel Alcantra">Mansel Alcantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ribeiro_Pardal" title="Manuel Ribeiro Pardal">Manuel Ribeiro Pardal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Martin Frobisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Cobham_and_Maria_Lindsey" title="Eric Cobham and Maria Lindsey">Mary Lindsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Read" title="Mary Read">Mary Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wolverston" title="Mary Wolverston">Mary Wolverston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Grammont" title="Michel de Grammont">Michel de Grammont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Cohen_Henriques" title="Moses Cohen Henriques">Moses Cohen Henriques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Gordon" title="Nathaniel Gordon">Nathaniel Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_van_Hoorn" title="Nicholas van Hoorn">Nicholas van Hoorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng_Akew" title="Ng Akew">Ng Akew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Levasseur" title="Olivier Levasseur">Olivier Levasseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Gilbert" title="Pedro Gilbert">Pedro Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Easton" title="Peter Easton">Peter Easton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lafitte" title="Pierre Lafitte">Pierre Lafitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet_Pieterszoon_Hein" title="Piet Pieterszoon Hein">Piet Pieterszoon Hein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Sela" title="Princess Sela">Princess Sela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmah_ibn_Jabir_al-Jalhami" title="Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami">Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Wall" title="Rachel Wall">Rachel Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oru%C3%A7_Reis" class="mw-redirect" title="Oruç Reis">Redbeard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Glover_(pirate)" title="Richard Glover (pirate)">Richard Glover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Culliford" title="Robert Culliford">Robert Culliford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Surcouf" title="Robert Surcouf">Robert Surcouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Cofres%C3%AD" title="Roberto Cofresí">Roberto Cofresí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roche_Braziliano" title="Roche Braziliano">Roche Braziliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusla" title="Rusla">Rusla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadie_Farrell" title="Sadie Farrell">Sadie Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bellamy" title="Samuel Bellamy">Samuel Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hall_Lord" title="Samuel Hall Lord">Samuel Hall Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Mason" title="Samuel Mason">Samuel Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pallache" title="Samuel Pallache">Samuel Pallache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyida_al_Hurra" title="Sayyida al Hurra">Sayyida al Hurra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Ping" title="Sister Ping">Sister Ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shap-ng-tsai" title="Shap-ng-tsai">Shap-ng-tsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirahama_Kenki" title="Shirahama Kenki">Shirahama Kenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Mascarino" title="Simon Mascarino">Simon Mascarino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stede_Bonnet" title="Stede Bonnet">Stede Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuta" title="Teuta">Teuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavendish" title="Thomas Cavendish">Thomas Cavendish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tew" title="Thomas Tew">Thomas Tew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veborg" title="Veborg">Veborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victual_Brothers" title="Victual Brothers">Victual Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Gambi" title="Vincenzo Gambi">Vincenzo Gambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhi_(pirate)" title="Wang Zhi (pirate)">Wang Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dampier" title="William Dampier">William Dampier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kidd" title="William Kidd">William Kidd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_Jing" title="Zheng Jing">Zheng Jing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_Qi_(pirate)" title="Zheng Qi (pirate)">Zheng Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_Yi_(pirate)" title="Zheng Yi (pirate)">Zheng Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_Zhilong" title="Zheng Zhilong">Zheng Zhilong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_Yi_Sao" title="Zheng Yi Sao">Zheng Yi Sao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pirate<br />hunters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Emo" title="Angelo Emo">Angelo Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaloner_Ogle" title="Chaloner Ogle">Chaloner Ogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Porter_(naval_officer)" title="David Porter (naval officer)">David Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duarte_Pacheco_Pereira" title="Duarte Pacheco Pereira">Duarte Pacheco Pereira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Brooke" title="James Brooke">James Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campuzano_Polanco_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Campuzano Polanco family">Jose Campuzano-Polanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Fajardo_(Spanish_Navy_officer)" title="Luis Fajardo (Spanish Navy officer)">Luis Fajardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Enr%C3%ADquez_(privateer)" title="Miguel Enríquez (privateer)">Miguel Enríquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Men%C3%A9ndez_de_Avil%C3%A9s" title="Pedro Menéndez de Avilés">Pedro Menéndez de Avilés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Avery_Hornsby" title="Richard Avery Hornsby">Richard Avery Hornsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maynard" title="Robert Maynard">Robert Maynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Warren_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Thomas Warren (Royal Navy officer)">Thomas Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodes_Rogers" title="Woodes Rogers">Woodes Rogers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;">Pirate ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adventure_Galley" title="Adventure Galley">Adventure Galley</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Light_(ship)" title="Ambrose Light (ship)">Ambrose Light</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fancy_(ship)" title="Fancy (ship)">Fancy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flying_Dutchman" title="Flying Dutchman">Flying Dutchman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganj-i-Sawai" title="Ganj-i-Sawai">Ganj-i-Sawai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_Revenge" title="Queen Anne's Revenge">Queen Anne's Revenge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quedagh_Merchant" title="Quedagh Merchant">Quedagh Merchant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CSS_McRae" title="CSS McRae">Marquis of Havana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_de_Clisson" title="Jeanne de Clisson">My Revenge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_Roberts" title="Bartholomew Roberts">Royal Fortune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saladin_(barque)" title="Saladin (barque)">Saladin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Whydah_Gally" title="Whydah Gally">Whydah Gally</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MV_York" title="MV York">York</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;">Pirate battles and incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pirate_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pirate_Flag.svg/100px-Pirate_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pirate_Flag.svg/150px-Pirate_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pirate_Flag.svg/200px-Pirate_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1582_Cagayan_battles" title="1582 Cagayan battles">1582 Cagayan battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Lahad_Datu_ambush" title="1985 Lahad Datu ambush">1985 Lahad Datu ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_9_November_1822" title="Action of 9 November 1822">Action of 9 November 1822</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_28_October_2007" title="Action of 28 October 2007">Action of 28 October 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_11_November_2008" title="Action of 11 November 2008">Action of 11 November 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2009_raid_off_Somalia" title="April 2009 raid off Somalia">Action of 9 April 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_23_March_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Action of 23 March 2010">Action of 23 March 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_1_April_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Action of 1 April 2010">Action of 1 April 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_5_April_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Action of 5 April 2010">Action of 5 April 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea_anti-piracy_operations_of_the_United_States" title="Aegean Sea anti-piracy operations of the United States">Anti-piracy in the Aegean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_of_Boston" title="Antelope of Boston">Antelope incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_anti-piracy_operations_of_the_United_States" title="West Indies anti-piracy operations of the United States">Anti-piracy in the West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Veracruz" title="Attack on Veracruz">Attack on Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_expedition_to_Balanguingui" title="Spanish expedition to Balanguingui">Balanguingui Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boca_Teacapan" title="Battle of Boca Teacapan">Battle of Boca Teacapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Fear_River_(1718)" title="Battle of Cape Fear River (1718)">Battle of Cape Fear River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Lopez" title="Battle of Cape Lopez">Battle of Cape Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Doro_Passage" title="Battle of Doro Passage">Battle of Doro Passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganj-i-Sawai" title="Ganj-i-Sawai">Battle of Mandab Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1574)" title="Battle of Manila (1574)">Battle of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Minicoy_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle off Minicoy Island">Battle off Minicoy Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Mukah" title="Battle off Mukah">Battle off Mukah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nam_Quan" title="Battle of Nam Quan">Battle of Nam Quan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans" title="Battle of New Orleans">Battle of New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackbeard" title="Blackbeard">Battle of Ocracoke Inlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pianosa" title="Battle of Pianosa">Battle of Pianosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Leotung" title="Battle of the Leotung">Battle of the Leotung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Tiger%27s_Mouth" title="Battle of the Tiger's Mouth">Battle of the Tiger's Mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tonkin_River" title="Battle of Tonkin River">Battle of Tonkin River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ty-ho_Bay" title="Battle of Ty-ho Bay">Battle of Ty-ho Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tysami" title="Battle of Tysami">Battle of Tysami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Beluga_Nomination_incident" title="MV Beluga Nomination incident"><i>Beluga Nomination</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Vane" title="Charles Vane">Blockade of Charleston (Vane)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chepo_expedition" title="Chepo expedition">Chepo Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Light_(ship)" title="Ambrose Light (ship)">Capture of the <i>Ambrose Light</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_John_%22Calico_Jack%22_Rackham" title="Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham">Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_schooner_Bravo" title="Capture of the schooner Bravo">Capture of the schooner <i>Bravo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_schooner_Fancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of the schooner Fancy">Capture of the schooner <i>Fancy</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_sloop_Anne" title="Capture of the sloop Anne">Capture of the sloop <i>Anne</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carr%C3%A9_d%27As_IV_incident" title="Carré d'As IV incident"><i>Carré d'As IV</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Hong_Dan_incident" title="Dai Hong Dan incident"><i>Dai Hong Dan</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_Expedition" title="Falklands Expedition">Falklands Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Patrol" title="Great Lakes Patrol">Great Lakes Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_incident" title="Irene incident"><i>Irene</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiajing_wokou_raids" title="Jiajing wokou raids">Jiajing wokou raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maersk_Alabama_hijacking" title="Maersk Alabama hijacking"><i>Maersk Alabama</i> hijacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT_Zafirah_hijacking" title="MT Zafirah hijacking">MT <i>Zafirah</i> hijacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT_Orkim_Harmony_hijacking" title="MT Orkim Harmony hijacking">MT <i>Orkim Harmony</i> hijacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Moscow_University_hijacking" title="MV Moscow University hijacking">MV <i>Moscow University</i> hijacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Star_affair" title="North Star affair"><i>North Star</i> affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">Operation Enduring Freedom – HOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Atalanta" title="Operation Atalanta">Operation Atalanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dawn_of_Gulf_of_Aden" title="Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden">Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dawn_8:_Gulf_of_Aden" title="Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden">Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ocean_Shield" title="Operation Ocean Shield">Operation Ocean Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_campaign_of_1809" title="Persian Gulf campaign of 1809">Persian Gulf Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_border_attacks_in_Sabah" title="Cross border attacks in Sabah">Pirate attacks in Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SY_Quest_incident" title="SY Quest incident"><i>Quest</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Cartagena_(1683)" title="Raid on Cartagena (1683)">Raid on Cartagena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Baltimore" title="Sack of Baltimore">Sack of Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Campeche_(1663)" title="Sack of Campeche (1663)">Sack of Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Pirates" title="Salvador Pirates">Salvador Pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_raid_of_Su%C3%B0uroy" title="Slave raid of Suðuroy">Slave raid of Suðuroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Abductions" title="Turkish Abductions">Turkish Abductions</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;">Piracy law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_grace_(piracy)" title="Acts of grace (piracy)">Acts of grace</a> (<a href="/wiki/1717%E2%80%931718_Acts_of_Grace" title="1717–1718 Acts of Grace">1717–1718 Acts of Grace</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_piracy_law" title="International piracy law">International piracy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_marque" title="Letter of marque">Letter of marque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Declaration_Respecting_Maritime_Law" title="Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law">Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_Act" title="Piracy Act">Piracy Act</a> (<a href="/wiki/Offences_at_Sea_Act_1536" title="Offences at Sea Act 1536">1536</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piracy_Act_1698" title="Piracy Act 1698">1698</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transportation_Act_1717" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation Act 1717">1717</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piracy_Act_1721" title="Piracy Act 1721">1721</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piracy_Act_1837" title="Piracy Act 1837">1837</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piracy_Act_1850" title="Piracy Act 1850">1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_Law_of_1820" class="mw-redirect" title="Piracy Law of 1820">Piracy Law of 1820</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">Slave trade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Africa" title="Slavery in Africa">African slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Slave_Trade_Patrol" title="African Slave Trade Patrol">African Slave Trade Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Amistad" title="La Amistad"><i>Amistad</i> Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_slave_trade" title="Barbary slave trade">Barbary slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Africa" title="Blockade of Africa">Blockade of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Veloz_Passagera" title="Capture of the Veloz Passagera">Capture of the <i>Veloz Passagera</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_brig_Brillante" title="Capture of the brig Brillante">Capture of the brig <i>Brillante</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_slave_trade" title="Indian Ocean slave trade">Indian Ocean slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Saharan_slave_trade" title="Trans-Saharan slave trade">Trans-Saharan slave trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pirates_in_the_arts_and_popular_culture" title="Pirates in the arts and popular culture">Pirates in<br />popular<br />culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_pirates" title="List of fictional pirates">Fictional pirates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Askeladd" title="Askeladd">Askeladd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Ayrton" title="Tom Ayrton">Tom Ayrton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redbeard_(comics)" title="Redbeard (comics)">Barbe Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Birdseye" title="Captain Birdseye">Captain Birdseye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Blood_(novel)" title="Captain Blood (novel)">Captain Blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonaldland" title="McDonaldland">Captain Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Flint" title="Captain Flint">Captain Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Hook" title="Captain Hook">Captain Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Nemo" title="Captain Nemo">Captain Nemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Pugwash" title="Captain Pugwash">Captain Pugwash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Sabertooth" title="Captain Sabertooth">Captain Sabertooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Stingaree" title="Captain Stingaree">Captain Stingaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_de_Berry" title="Charlotte de Berry">Charlotte de Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Jones_(Pirates_of_the_Caribbean)" title="Davy Jones (Pirates of the Caribbean)">Davy Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Kenway" title="Edward Kenway">Edward Kenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Marley" title="Elaine Marley">Elaine Marley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Swann" title="Elizabeth Swann">Elizabeth Swann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franky_(One_Piece)" title="Franky (One Piece)">Franky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guybrush_Threepwood" title="Guybrush Threepwood">Guybrush Threepwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Barbossa" title="Hector Barbossa">Hector Barbossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Sparrow" title="Jack Sparrow">Jack Sparrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacquotte_Delahaye" title="Jacquotte Delahaye">Jacquotte Delahaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gaspar" title="José Gaspar">José Gaspar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshamee_Gibbs" title="Joshamee Gibbs">Joshamee Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_John_Silver" title="Long John Silver">Long John Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_D._Luffy" title="Monkey D. Luffy">Monkey D. Luffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaas_Montenegro" title="Vaas Montenegro">Vaas Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Smee" title="Mr. Smee">Mr. Smee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nami_(One_Piece)" title="Nami (One Piece)">Nami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nico_Robin" title="Nico Robin">Nico Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roronoa_Zoro" title="Roronoa Zoro">Roronoa Zoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandokan" title="Sandokan">Sandokan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanji_(One_Piece)" title="Sanji (One Piece)">Sanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Tony_Chopper" title="Tony Tony Chopper">Tony Tony Chopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usopp" title="Usopp">Usopp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Turner" title="Will Turner">Will Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_(G.I._Joe)" title="Zanzibar (G.I. Joe)">Zanzibar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_(novel)" title="The Pirate (novel)">The Pirate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pilot:_A_Tale_of_the_Sea" title="The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea">The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Island" title="Treasure Island">Treasure Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Facing_the_Flag" title="Facing the Flag">Facing the Flag</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Stranger_Tides" title="On Stranger Tides">On Stranger Tides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jim_Hawkins_and_the_Curse_of_Treasure_Island" title="Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island">Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Castaways_of_the_Flying_Dutchman" title="Castaways of the Flying Dutchman">Castaways of the Flying Dutchman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Angel%27s_Command" title="The Angel's Command">The Angel's Command</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyage_of_Slaves" title="Voyage of Slaves">Voyage of Slaves</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Long_John_Silver_(comics)" title="Long John Silver (comics)">Long John Silver</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Latitudes" title="Pirate Latitudes">Pirate Latitudes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mistress_of_the_Seas" title="Mistress of the Seas">Mistress of the Seas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silver_(Motion_novel)" title="Silver (Motion novel)">Silver: Return to Treasure Island</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tropes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buried_treasure" title="Buried treasure">Buried treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Jones%27s_locker" title="Davy Jones's locker">Davy Jones's locker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyepatch" title="Eyepatch">Eyepatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jolly_Roger" title="Jolly Roger">Jolly Roger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skull_and_crossbones_(symbol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skull and crossbones (symbol)">skull and crossbones</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keelhauling" title="Keelhauling">Keelhauling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marooning" title="Marooning">Marooning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_purchase,_no_pay" title="No purchase, no pay">No purchase, no pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegleg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegleg">Pegleg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companion_parrot" title="Companion parrot">Pet parrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_code" title="Pirate code">Pirate code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_utopia" title="Pirate utopia">Pirate utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_map" title="Treasure map">Treasure map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_the_plank" title="Walking the plank">Walking the plank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_pirate" title="Air pirate">Air pirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_pirates" title="List of space pirates">Space pirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Talk_Like_a_Pirate_Day" title="International Talk Like a Pirate Day">International Talk Like a Pirate Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirates_versus_Ninjas" title="Pirates versus Ninjas">Pirates versus Ninjas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_General_History_of_the_Pyrates" title="A General History of the Pyrates">A General History of the Pyrates</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Charles_Johnson" title="Captain Charles Johnson">Captain Charles Johnson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truce_of_Ratisbon" title="Truce of Ratisbon">Truce of Ratisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Round" title="Pirate Round">Pirate Round</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matelotage" title="Matelotage">Matelotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_kidnappings" title="Piracy kidnappings">Piracy kidnappings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;">Meta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pirates" title="List of pirates">Pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pirate_films_and_television_series" title="List of pirate films and television series">Pirate films and TV series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_privateers" title="List of privateers">Privateers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_attacked_by_Somali_pirates" title="List of ships attacked by Somali pirates">List of ships attacked by Somali pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_piracy" title="Timeline of piracy">Timeline of piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_piracy" title="Women in piracy">Women in piracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Barbary_pirates" class="mw-disambig" title="Category:Barbary pirates">Barbary pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pirates_by_nationality" title="Category:Pirates by nationality">By nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Female_pirates" title="Category:Female pirates">Female pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fictional_pirates" title="Category:Fictional pirates">Fictional pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Piracy" title="Category:Piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Piracy_by_year" title="Category:Piracy by year">Piracy by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pirates" title="Category:Pirates">Pirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/29px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/44px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/58px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Piracy" title="Portal:Piracy">Piracy portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Piracy" title="Category:Piracy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572–1573&oldid=1254233393">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572–1573&oldid=1254233393</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1572_in_England" title="Category:1572 in England">1572 in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1573_in_England" title="Category:1573 in England">1573 in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1572" title="Category:Conflicts in 1572">Conflicts in 1572</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1573" title="Category:Conflicts in 1573">Conflicts in 1573</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Francis_Drake" title="Category:Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caribbean_Sea" title="Category:Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Piracy" title="Category:Piracy">Piracy</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2024">Use dmy dates from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_May_2022" title="Category:Use British English from May 2022">Use British English from May 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_small_with_an_empty_input_parameter" title="Category:Pages using small with an empty input parameter">Pages using small with an empty input parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_ODNB" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 October 2024, at 01:07<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5f58cd8b6-sxpdt","wgBackendResponseTime":160,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.913","walltime":"1.277","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16921,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":288185,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":31069,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":161603,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1021.691 1 -total"," 27.38% 279.737 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 17.50% 178.802 20 Template:Cite_book"," 8.14% 83.178 1 Template:Coord"," 8.14% 83.137 15 Template:Sfnm"," 8.07% 82.486 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.84% 80.140 1 Template:Campaignbox_Anglo-Spanish_War"," 7.48% 76.373 9 Template:Unbulleted_list"," 7.44% 76.056 1 Template:Campaignbox"," 6.80% 69.484 17 Template:Refn"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.429","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8108041,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAndrews1958\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndrews1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArjona2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergreen2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBest2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBicheno,_Hugh2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradley1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_la_O_Torres2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_la_O_Torres2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_la_O_Torres2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_la_O_Torres2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFigueroaJohnsonGoodwin2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGalvin1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGasteazoroAraúzMuñoz_Pinzón1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHakluyt1600\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHowgego1958\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelsey2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarley1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarley2010\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMcDermott2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliamson1927\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliamson1938\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinzerling1946\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright1929\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright1932\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright1951\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Abbr\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 2,\n [\"Campaignbox Anglo-Spanish War\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite ODNB\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 20,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 2,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Francis Drake's expedition of 1572-1573\"] = 1,\n [\"End date\"] = 35,\n [\"Flag\"] = 2,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 26,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 3,\n [\"Francis Drake\"] = 1,\n [\"Harv\"] = 10,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 9,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 14,\n [\"Infobox military conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"KIA\"] = 2,\n [\"Natural Causes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbnd\"] = 7,\n [\"Pirates\"] = 1,\n [\"ProQuest\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 17,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 7,\n [\"Sfnm\"] = 15,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 82,\n [\"Start and end dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date\"] = 39,\n [\"Static row numbers\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 9,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6777b96b7d-d4pgm","timestamp":"20241203152841","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Francis Drake's expedition of 1572\u20131573","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q112072876","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q112072876","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2022-05-04T19:14:32Z","dateModified":"2024-10-30T01:07:08Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fb\/America%2C_from_discovery_in_1942_to_the_present_time_%281894%29_%2814577961570%29.jpg","headline":"1572\u20131573 English expedition in the Caribbean Sea"}</script> </body> </html>