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itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb-nav__item item-current item-tag-108 item-tag-cosmology"> <a itemprop="item" href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cosmology/" class="breadcrumb-nav__link bread-current bread-tag-108 bread-tag-cosmology" title="Tag: cosmology" aria-current="page"> <span itemprop="name">Tag: cosmology</span> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"> </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <div id="page" class="content"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <header class="page-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">cosmology</h1> </header> <article id="post-10392" class="post-10392 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cosmology category-graduate-students tag-cosmology tag-dark-energy tag-dark-energy-survey tag-fermilab tag-supernovae"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">UW physicists part of study offering unique insights into the expansion of the universe</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2024/01/09/uw-physicists-part-of-study-offering-unique-insights-into-the-expansion-of-the-universe/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-01-09T10:48:17-06:00">January 9, 2024</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p class="p1"><i>This post is modified from one <a href="https://news.fnal.gov/2024/01/final-supernova-results-from-dark-energy-survey-offer-unique-insights-into-the-expansion-of-the-universe/">originally published by Fermilab</a></i></p> <p class="p3"><strong>In the culmination of a decade’s worth of effort, the Dark Energy Survey collaboration of scientists analyzed an unprecedented sample of nearly 1,500 supernovae classified using machine learning. T<span class="s1">hey placed the strongest constraints on the expansion of the universe ever obtained with the DES supernova survey. </span>While consistent with the current standard cosmological model, the results do not rule out a more complex theory that the density of dark energy in the universe could have varied over time.</strong></p> <figure id="attachment_10397" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="max-width: 640px;" aria-label="An example of a supernova discovered by the Dark Energy Survey within the field covered by one of the individual detectors in the Dark Energy Camera. The supernova exploded in a spiral galaxy with redshift = 0.04528, which corresponds to a light-travel time of about 0.6 billion years. This is one of the nearest supernovae in the sample. In the inset, the supernova is a small dot at the upper-right of the bright galaxy center. Image: DES collaboration"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/1-Deep-image-SN-only.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="size-large wp-image-10397" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/1-Deep-image-SN-only-1024x576.jpg" alt="a mostly-black background of space with dots of various sized stars across the image. The title reads "Dark Energy Camera Deep Image" and has a square inset of a swirly, wispy image, which is enlarged in the inset and labeled "supernova"" width="640" height="360" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/1-Deep-image-SN-only-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/1-Deep-image-SN-only-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/1-Deep-image-SN-only-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/1-Deep-image-SN-only-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/1-Deep-image-SN-only-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/1-Deep-image-SN-only-1200x675.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">An example of a supernova discovered by the Dark Energy Survey within the field covered by one of the individual detectors in the Dark Energy Camera. The supernova exploded in a spiral galaxy with redshift = 0.04528, which corresponds to a light-travel time of about 0.6 billion years. This is one of the nearest supernovae in the sample. In the inset, the supernova is a small dot at the upper-right of the bright galaxy center. Image: DES collaboration</figcaption></figure> <p class="p3"><strong><br /> </strong>DES scientists presented the results January 8 at the 243<span class="s2"><sup>rd</sup></span> meeting of the American Astronomical Society and have submitted them for publication to the Astrophysical Journal.</p> <figure id="attachment_1205" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="max-width: 258px;" aria-label="Keith Bechtol"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Keith-Bechtol_pic.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-1205" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Keith-Bechtol_pic-258x300.jpg" alt="profile photo of keith bechtol" width="258" height="300" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Keith-Bechtol_pic-258x300.jpg 258w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Keith-Bechtol_pic.jpg 301w" sizes="(max-width: 258px) 100vw, 258px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Keith Bechtol</figcaption></figure> <p class="p1">The work is the output of over 400 DES scientists, including UW–Madison physics professor <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/bechtol-keith/">Keith Bechtol</a> and former graduate student Robert Morgan, PhD ’22.</p> <p class="p1">In 1998, astrophysicists discovered that the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate, attributed to a mysterious entity called <a href="https://astro.fnal.gov/science/dark-energy/"><span class="s3">dark energy</span></a> that makes up about 70% of our universe. While foreshadowed by earlier measurements, the discovery was somewhat of a surprise; at the time, <span class="s1">astrophysicists</span> agreed that the universe’s expansion should be slowing down because of gravity.</p> <p class="p1">This revolutionary discovery, which <span class="s1">astrophysicists</span> achieved with observations of specific kinds of exploding stars, called type Ia (read “type one-A”) <a href="https://www.energy.gov/science/doe-explainssupernovae"><span class="s3">supernovae</span></a>, was recognized with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2011.</p> <p class="p1">In this new study, DES scientists performed analyses with four different techniques, including the supernova technique used in 1998, to understand the nature of dark energy and to measure the expansion rate of the universe.</p> <p class="p1">As a graduate student in Bechtol’s group, Morgan was part of the DES supernova working group that worked to identify type Ia supernova. This group had to address two main concerns with the data to enhance detection fidelity.</p> <p class="p1">“One is that there is some leakage of other types of supernovae into the sample, so you have to calibrate the rate of misclassification,” Bechtol explains. “Also, the brightness of the supernova gives us a way of estimating its distance, but there is a distribution of how bright the Ia supernovae are. Because we are slightly less likely to detect the intrinsically fainter supernovae, there is a small bias that needs to be accounted for.”</p> <p class="p1">Bechtol has been part of the DES collaboration since its formation in 2012, serving as a co-convener of the DES’s Science Release Working Group for four years and a co-convener of the Milky Way Working Group for two years. His role in this new study was in data processing and presentation.</p> <p class="p1">“We collect all of the data, process it, and then release it as a coherent set of data products, both for use by the DES collaboration and as part of public releases to the community,” Bechtol says. “One of the aspects I worked on is the photometric calibration — our ability to measure the fluxes of objects accurately and precisely. It’s an important part of the supernova analysis and something that I’ve been working on continuously over the past ten years.”</p> <p class="p1"><i>For the full story, please see the <a href="https://news.fnal.gov/2024/01/final-supernova-results-from-dark-energy-survey-offer-unique-insights-into-the-expansion-of-the-universe/">Fermilab news release</a></i></p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/cosmology/" rel="category tag">Cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/graduate-students/" rel="category tag">Graduate Students</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cosmology/" rel="tag">cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/dark-energy/" rel="tag">dark energy</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/dark-energy-survey/" rel="tag">dark energy survey</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/fermilab/" rel="tag">Fermilab</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/supernovae/" rel="tag">supernovae</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-10308" class="post-10308 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-awards-and-honors category-cosmology category-graduate-students tag-awards tag-bouchet-society tag-cosmology tag-dark-energy tag-dark-energy-survey tag-honor-society"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Jimena González joins Bouchet Graduate Honor Society</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2023/12/11/jimena-gonzalez-joins-bouchet-graduate-honor-society/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2023-12-11T17:43:16-06:00">December 11, 2023</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <h4><em>This <a href="https://grad.wisc.edu/2023/12/04/five-uw-madison-graduate-students-join-the-bouchet-graduate-honor-society/">story was originally posted</a> by the Graduate School</em></h4> <p>Five outstanding scholars, including Physics PhD student Jimena González, are joining the UW–Madison chapter of the national Edward Alexander Bouchet Graduate Honor Society this academic year.</p> <figure id="attachment_9067" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="max-width: 289px;" aria-label="Jimena González"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Jimena-updated-image.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-9067" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Jimena-updated-image-289x300.jpg" alt="profile picture of Jimena Gonzalez" width="289" height="300" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Jimena-updated-image-289x300.jpg 289w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Jimena-updated-image-987x1024.jpg 987w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Jimena-updated-image-768x797.jpg 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Jimena-updated-image-1480x1536.jpg 1480w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Jimena-updated-image-1973x2048.jpg 1973w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Jimena-updated-image-1200x1246.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 289px) 100vw, 289px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Jimena González</figcaption></figure> <p>The Bouchet Society commemorates the first person of African heritage to earn a PhD in the United States. Edward A. Bouchet earned a PhD in Physics from Yale University in 1876. Since then, the Bouchet Society has continued to uphold Dr. Bouchet’s legacy.</p> <p>“The 2024 Bouchet inductees are making key contributions in their disciplines, as well as to the research, education, and outreach missions of our campus. They truly embody the Wisconsin Idea and are exemplary in every way,” said Abbey Thompson, assistant dean for diversity, inclusion, and funding in the Graduate School.</p> <p>The Bouchet Society serves as a network for scholars that uphold the same personal and academic excellence that Dr. Bouchet demonstrated. Inductees to the UW–Madison Chapter of the Bouchet Society also join a national network with 20 chapters across the U.S. and are invited to present their work at the Bouchet Annual Conference at Yale University, where the scholars further create connections and community within the national Bouchet Society.</p> <p>The UW–Madison Division of Diversity, Equity, and Educational Achievement supports each inductee with a professional development grant.</p> <p>González is a physics PhD candidate specializing in observational cosmology. Her research centers on searching and characterizing strong gravitational lenses in the Dark Energy Survey. These rare astronomical systems can appear as long curved arcs of light surrounding a galaxy. Strong gravitational lenses offer a unique probe for studying dark energy, the driving force behind the universe’s accelerating expansion and, consequently, a pivotal factor in determining its ultimate fate.</p> <p>During her graduate program, Jimena has received the Albert R. Erwin, Jr. & Casey Durandet Award and the Firminhac Fellowship from the Department of Physics. Additionally, she was honored with the 2023 Open Science Grid David Swanson Award for her outstanding implementation of High-Throughput Computing to advance her research. Jimena has contributed as a co-author to multiple publications within the field of strong gravitational lensing and has presented her work at various conferences. In addition to her academic achievements, Jimena has actively engaged in outreach programs. Notably, she was selected as a finalist at the 2021 UW–Madison Three Minute Thesis Competition and secured a winning entry in the 2023 Cool Science Image Contest. Her commitment to science communication extends to a contribution in a Cosmology chapter in the book <em>AI for Physics</em>. Jimena has also led a citizen science project that invites individuals from all around the world to inspect astronomical images to identify strong gravitational lenses. Jimena obtained her bachelor’s degree in physics at the Universidad de los Andes, where she was awarded the “Quiero Estudiar” scholarship.</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/awards-and-honors/" rel="category tag">Awards and Honors</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/cosmology/" rel="category tag">Cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/graduate-students/" rel="category tag">Graduate Students</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/awards/" rel="tag">awards</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/bouchet-society/" rel="tag">Bouchet Society</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cosmology/" rel="tag">cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/dark-energy/" rel="tag">dark energy</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/dark-energy-survey/" rel="tag">dark energy survey</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/honor-society/" rel="tag">Honor Society</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-10132" class="post-10132 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-awards-and-honors category-graduate-students tag-contest tag-cool-science-images tag-cosmology tag-dark-energy-survey tag-light-polarization tag-quantum-computing tag-sciart"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Physics has three winners in the Cool Science Image contest!</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2023/09/26/physics-has-three-winners-in-the-cool-science-image-contest/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2023-09-26T15:26:52-05:00">September 26, 2023</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>The winners of the UW–Madison 13th annual <a href="https://news.wisc.edu/the-2023-winners-cool-science-image-contest/">Cool Science Image</a> contest were announced, and Physics has three winners! Our winners include graduate student Jacob Scott, the graduate student-professor pairing of Jimena González and Keith Bechtol, and alum Aedan Gardill, PhD ’23. Their winning images are below.</p> <p>A panel of experienced artists, scientists and science communicators chose 12 winning images based on the aesthetic, creative and scientific qualities that distinguished them from scores of entries. The winning entries showcase the research, innovation, scholarship and curiosity of the UW–Madison community through visual representations of socioeconomic strata, brain cells snuffed out in Parkinson’s disease, the tangle of technology required to equip a quantum computing lab and a bug-eyed frog that opened students’ eyes to the world.</p> <p>The winning images go on display this week in an exhibit at the McPherson Eye Research Institute’s Mandelbaum and Albert Family Vision Gallery on the ninth floor of the Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, 111 Highland Ave. The exhibit, which runs through the end of 2023, opens with a public reception at the gallery Thursday, Sept. 28, from 4:30 to 6:30 p.m. The exhibit also includes historical images of UW science, in celebration of the 175th anniversary of the University of Wisconsin’s founding.</p> <p>The Cool Science Image Contest recognizes the technical and creative skills required to capture and create images, videos and other media that reveal something about science or nature while also leaving an impression with their beauty or ability to induce wonder. The contest is sponsored by Madison’s Promega Corp., with additional support from UW–Madison’s Office of University Communications.</p> <figure id="attachment_10133" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="max-width: 640px;" aria-label="The glow of red and green lasers and an array of supporting electronics fill a UW–Madison lab where physicists study the behavior of cesium atoms cooled within a fraction of a degree of absolute zero. The atoms could be used to store information in quantum computing systems. | Jacob Scott"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/scott-scaled.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-large wp-image-10133" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/scott-1024x768.jpg" alt="a photograph of a room with the lights off, but the bulk of the image is taken up by a large piece of complicated equipment with many different colored laser lights visible, illuminating the shape of the equipment" width="640" height="480" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/scott-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/scott-300x225.jpg 300w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/scott-768x576.jpg 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/scott-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/scott-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/scott-1200x900.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">The glow of red and green lasers and an array of supporting electronics fill a UW–Madison lab where physicists study the behavior of cesium atoms cooled within a fraction of a degree of absolute zero. The atoms could be used to store information in quantum computing systems. | Jacob Scott</figcaption></figure> <figure id="attachment_10134" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="max-width: 640px;" aria-label="Like the radiation she studied, this portrait of physicist Marie Curie is invisible until revealed by the proper equipment — in this case, a polarizer, a filter that blocks all light waves except those oscillating in a certain direction. One polarizing filter on the back layer of the portrait organizes the light shining through to the viewer. That light passes through layers of colorless cellophane, which rotate the waves a little or a lot depending on the layer’s thickness. A second polarizing filter, held by the viewer, filters the light again, selecting light at the wavelengths that correspond to the intended colors of the portrait. The image above is as the portrait appears viewed through a polarizer. | Aedan Gardill PhD &#8217;23"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gardill-scaled.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-large wp-image-10134" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gardill-790x1024.jpg" alt="an oddly-shaded portrait of physicist Marie Curie, which can only be viewed when a light polarizer is held in front of the portrait " width="640" height="830" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gardill-790x1024.jpg 790w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gardill-231x300.jpg 231w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gardill-768x996.jpg 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gardill-1185x1536.jpg 1185w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gardill-1580x2048.jpg 1580w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gardill-1200x1556.jpg 1200w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gardill-scaled.jpg 1974w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Like the radiation she studied, this portrait of physicist Marie Curie is invisible until revealed by the proper equipment — in this case, a polarizer, a filter that blocks all light waves except those oscillating in a certain direction. One polarizing filter on the back layer of the portrait organizes the light shining through to the viewer. That light passes through layers of colorless cellophane, which rotate the waves a little or a lot depending on the layer’s thickness. A second polarizing filter, held by the viewer, filters the light again, selecting light at the wavelengths that correspond to the intended colors of the portrait. The image above is as the portrait appears viewed through a polarizer. | Aedan Gardill PhD ’23</figcaption></figure> <figure id="attachment_10135" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="max-width: 640px;" aria-label="Each image in this collage is of an astronomical phenomenon known as a strong gravitational lens, in which the light from a galaxy or cluster of galaxies is curved by a massive object in the foreground. The light is distorted into bright arcs, exhibiting physics theorized by Albert Einstein. Strong gravitational lenses offer a way to study dark matter, difficult to detect but considered a crucial factor in the structure, evolution and fate of the cosmos. | Jimena González and Keith Bechtol"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gonzalez-scaled.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-large wp-image-10135" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gonzalez-1024x1019.jpg" alt="an array of red-glowing images on a dark black background" width="640" height="637" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gonzalez-1024x1019.jpg 1024w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gonzalez-300x298.jpg 300w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gonzalez-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gonzalez-768x764.jpg 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gonzalez-1536x1528.jpg 1536w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gonzalez-2048x2037.jpg 2048w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/gonzalez-1200x1194.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Each image in this collage is of an astronomical phenomenon known as a strong gravitational lens, in which the light from a galaxy or cluster of galaxies is curved by a massive object in the foreground. The light is distorted into bright arcs, exhibiting physics theorized by Albert Einstein. Strong gravitational lenses offer a way to study dark matter, difficult to detect but considered a crucial factor in the structure, evolution and fate of the cosmos. | Jimena González and Keith Bechtol</figcaption></figure> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/awards-and-honors/" rel="category tag">Awards and Honors</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/graduate-students/" rel="category tag">Graduate Students</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/contest/" rel="tag">contest</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cool-science-images/" rel="tag">Cool Science Images</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cosmology/" rel="tag">cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/dark-energy-survey/" rel="tag">dark energy survey</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/light-polarization/" rel="tag">light polarization</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/quantum-computing/" rel="tag">quantum computing</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/sciart/" rel="tag">SciArt</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-10065" class="post-10065 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-awards-and-honors category-cosmology category-graduate-students tag-awards tag-cosmology tag-dark-energy-survey tag-high-throughput-computing tag-htc tag-machine-learning"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Jimena González wins 2023 OSG David Swanson Award</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2023/09/07/jimena-gonzalez-wins-2023-osg-david-swanson-award/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2023-09-07T17:20:18-05:00">September 7, 2023</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Early in her thesis research, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/gonzalez-lozano-jimena/">Jimena González</a> was waiting. A lot.</p> <p>To better understand the nature of dark energy, she uses machine learning to search Dark Energy Survey cosmology data for evidence of strong gravitational lensing — where a heavy foreground galaxy bends the light of another galaxy, producing multiple images of it that can get so distorted that they appear as long arcs of light around the large galaxy in telescope images. She also focuses on finding very rare cases of strong gravitational lensing in which two galaxies are lensed by the same foreground galaxy, systems known as double-source-plane lenses.</p> <p>First, she had to create simulations of the galaxy systems. Next, she used those simulations to train the machine learning model to identify the systems in the heaps and heaps of DES data. Lastly, she would apply the trained model to the real DES data. All told, she expected to find hundreds of “simple” strong gravitational lenses and only a few double-source-plane lenses out of 230 million images.</p> <p>“But, for example, when I did the search the first time, I mostly only got spiral galaxies, so then I had to include spiral galaxies in my training,” says González, a physics graduate student in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/bechtol-keith/">Keith Bechtol</a>’s group.</p> <p>The initial steps took around two weeks (hence the waiting) before she could even know what needed to be changed to better train the model. Once she had the model trained and would be ready to apply it to the entire dataset, she estimated it would take five to six years just to find the images of interest — and then she would finally be able to study the systems found.</p> <figure id="attachment_10067" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="max-width: 640px;" aria-label="Jimena González presents an award lecture at the 2023 Throughput Computing Conference. (provided by Jimena González)"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/DSC04246-scaled.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-large wp-image-10067" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/DSC04246-1024x683.jpg" alt="a woman stands in front of a screen with a research slide on the screen, she faces the audience and is gesturing with her hands. " width="640" height="427" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/DSC04246-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/DSC04246-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/DSC04246-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/DSC04246-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/DSC04246-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/DSC04246-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/DSC04246-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/DSC04246-900x600.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Jimena González presents an award lecture at the 2023 Throughput Computing Conference. (provided by Jimena González)</figcaption></figure> <p>Then, the email from the <a href="https://osg-htc.org/">Open Science Grid</a> (OSG) Consortium came. The OSG Consortium operates a fabric of distributed High Throughput Computing (dHTC) services, allowing users to take advantage of massive amounts of computing power. Researchers can apply to the OSG User School, an annual workshop for scientists who want to learn and use dHTC methods.</p> <p>“[dHTC] is parallelizing things. It’s like if you had 500 exams to grade, you can distribute them among different people and it would take less time,” González says. “It sounded perfect for me.”</p> <p>González applied and was accepted into the 2021 program, which was run virtually that year. At the OSG User School, she learned methods that would allow her to take advantage of dHTC and apply them to her work. Her multi-year processing time was cut down to mere days.</p> <p>“Because it was so fast, there were many new things that I could implement in my research,” González says. “A lot of the methodology I implemented would not have been possible without OSG.”</p> <p>This summer, González was selected as one of two recipients of the <a href="https://osg-htc.org/outreach/swanson-award/">OSG David Swanson Award</a>.</p> <p>David Swanson was a longtime champion of and contributor to OSG, who passed away in 2016. In his memory, the award is bestowed annually upon one or more former students of the OSG User School who have subsequently achieved significant dHTC-enabled research outcomes.</p> <p>She accepted the award at the Throughput Computing 2023 conference, where she presented her research and discussed how she used her training from the OSG User School to successfully comb through the DES data and find the systems of interest.</p> <p>“When I got the award, I didn’t know anything about [Swanson],” González says. “But once I attended this event, I heard so many people talking about him, and I understood why it was created. It is such an honor to receive this award in his name.”</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/awards-and-honors/" rel="category tag">Awards and Honors</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/cosmology/" rel="category tag">Cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/graduate-students/" rel="category tag">Graduate Students</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/awards/" rel="tag">awards</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cosmology/" rel="tag">cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/dark-energy-survey/" rel="tag">dark energy survey</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/high-throughput-computing/" rel="tag">high throughput computing</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/htc/" rel="tag">HTC</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/machine-learning/" rel="tag">machine learning</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-8328" class="post-8328 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-awards-and-honors category-high-energy tag-cern tag-cms tag-computational-physics tag-computing tag-cosmology tag-exascale tag-high-energy tag-lhc"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Department of Energy grant to train students at the interface of high energy physics and computer science</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2022/11/10/department-of-energy-grant-to-train-students-at-the-interface-of-high-energy-physics-and-computer-science/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2022-11-10T13:23:07-06:00">November 10, 2022</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <img width="1200" height="900" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/IMG_9704-Large-1200x900.jpeg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="a long row of stacked computer servers" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/IMG_9704-Large-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/IMG_9704-Large-300x225.jpeg 300w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/IMG_9704-Large-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/IMG_9704-Large-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/IMG_9704-Large.jpeg 1280w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /><p>To truly understand our physical world, scientists look to the very small, subatomic particles that make up everything. Particle physics generally falls under the discipline of high energy physics (HEP), where higher and higher energy collisions — tens of teraelectronvolts, or about ten trillion times the energy of visible light — lead to the detection and characterization of particles and how they interact.</p> <p>These collisions also lead to the accumulation of inordinate amounts of data, and HEP is increasingly becoming a field where researchers must be experts in both particle physics and advanced computing technologies. HEP graduate students, however, rarely enter graduate school with backgrounds in both fields.</p> <p>Physicists from UW–Madison, Princeton University, and the University of Massachusetts-Amherst are looking to address the science goals of the HEP experiments by training the next generation of software and computing experts with a 5-year, ~$4 million <a href="https://www.energy.gov/science/articles/department-energy-announces-10-million-traineeships-computational-high-energy">grant from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science</a>, known as Training to Advance Computational High Energy Physics in the Exascale Era, or TAC-HEP.</p> <p>“The exascale era is upon us in HEP and the complexity, computational needs and data volumes of current and future HEP experiments will increase dramatically over the next few years. A paradigm shift in software and computing is needed to tackle the data onslaught,” says <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/bose-tulika/">Tulika Bose</a>, a physics professor at UW–Madison and TAC-HEP principal investigator. “TAC-HEP will help train a new generation of software and computing experts who can take on this challenge head-on and help maximize the physics reach of the experiments.”</p> <figure id="attachment_1206" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="max-width: 300px;" aria-label="Tulika Bose"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Tulika-Bose_pic-e1576255782697.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-1206" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Tulika-Bose_pic-300x225.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Tulika Bose</figcaption></figure> <p>In total, DOE announced $10 million in funding today for three projects providing classroom training and research opportunities in computational high energy physics to train the next generation of computational scientists and engineers needed to deliver scientific discoveries.</p> <p>At UW–Madison, TAC-HEP will annually fund four-to-six two-year training positions for graduate students working on a computational <a href="https://www.hep.wisc.edu/">HEP research project</a> with Bose or physics professors Keith Bechtol, Kevin Black, Kyle Cranmer, Sridhara Dasu, or Brian Rebel. Their research must broadly fit into the categories of high-performance software and algorithms, collaborative software infrastructure, or hardware-software co-design.</p> <p>Bose’s research group, for example, focuses on proton-proton collisions in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The high luminosity run of the LHC, starting in 2029, will bring unprecedented physics opportunities — and computing challenges, challenges that TAC-HEP graduate students will tackle firsthand.</p> <p>“The annual data volume will increase by 30 times while the event reconstruction time will increase by nearly 25 times, requiring modernization of the software and computing infrastructure to handle the demands of the experiments,” Bose says. “Novel algorithms using modern hardware and accelerators, such as Graphics Processing Units, or GPUs, will need to be exploited together with a transformation of the data analysis process.”</p> <p>TAC-HEP will incorporate targeted coursework and specialized training modules that will enable the design and development of coherent hardware and software systems, collaborative software infrastructure, and high-performance software and algorithms. Structured R&D projects, undertaken in collaboration with DOE laboratories (Fermilab and Brookhaven National Lab) and integrated within the program, will provide students from all three participating universities with hands-on experience with cutting-edge computational tools, software and technology.</p> <p>The training program will also include student professional development including oral and written science communication and cohort-building activities. These components are expected to help build a cohort of students with the goal of increasing recruitment and retention of a diverse group of graduate students.</p> <p>“Future high energy physics discoveries will require large accurate simulations and efficient collaborative software,” said Regina Rameika, DOE Associate Director of Science for High Energy Physics. “These traineeships will educate the scientists and engineers necessary to design, develop, deploy, and maintain the software and computing infrastructure essential for the future of high energy physics.</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/awards-and-honors/" rel="category tag">Awards and Honors</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/high-energy/" rel="category tag">High Energy</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cern/" rel="tag">CERN</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cms/" rel="tag">CMS</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/computational-physics/" rel="tag">computational physics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/computing/" rel="tag">computing</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cosmology/" rel="tag">cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/exascale/" rel="tag">exascale</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/high-energy/" rel="tag">high energy</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/lhc/" rel="tag">LHC</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-7844" class="post-7844 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-quantum-science category-undergraduate tag-cosmology tag-cqe tag-quantum tag-quantum-computing tag-quantum-theory tag-undergraduate-research tag-wqi"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Opening doors to quantum research experiences with the Open Quantum Initiative</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2022/08/29/opening-doors-to-quantum-research-experiences-with-the-open-quantum-initiative/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2022-08-29T15:11:26-05:00">August 29, 2022</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>This past winter, Katie Harrison, then a junior physics major at UW–Madison, started thinking about which areas of physics she was interested in studying more in-depth.</p> <p>“Physics is in general so broad, saying you want to research physics doesn’t really cut it,” Harrison says.</p> <p>She thought about which classes she enjoyed the most and talked to other students and professors to help figure out what she might focus on. Quantum mechanics was high on her list. During her search for additional learning opportunities, she saw the email about the <a href="https://chicagoquantum.org/oqi-undergraduate-fellowship">Open Quantum Initiative</a> (OQI), a new fellowship program run by the <a href="https://chicagoquantum.org/">Chicago Quantum Exchange</a> (CQE).</p> <p>“This could be something I’m interested in, right?” Harrison thought. “I’ll apply and see what happens.”</p> <p>What happened was that Harrison was one of 12 undergraduate students accepted into the inaugural class of OQI Fellows. These students were paired with mentors at CQE member institutions, where they conducted research in quantum science information and engineering. OQI has a goal of connecting students with leaders in academia and industry and increasing their awareness of quantum career opportunities. The ten-week Fellowship ran through August 19.</p> <figure id="attachment_7843" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="max-width: 640px;" aria-label="OQI students attend a wrap-up at the University of Chicago on August 17. Each student presented at a research symposium that day, which also included a career panel from leaders across academia, government, and industry and an opportunity to network. | Photo provided by the Chicago Quantum Exchange"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/OQI-wrap-up.jpeg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-large wp-image-7843" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/OQI-wrap-up-1024x683.jpeg" alt="11 students pose on a rock wall, all students are wearing the same Chicago Quantum Exchange hooded sweatshirt" width="640" height="427" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/OQI-wrap-up-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/OQI-wrap-up-300x200.jpeg 300w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/OQI-wrap-up-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/OQI-wrap-up-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/OQI-wrap-up-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/OQI-wrap-up-600x400.jpeg 600w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/OQI-wrap-up-900x600.jpeg 900w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/OQI-wrap-up.jpeg 1920w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">OQI students attend a wrap-up at the University of Chicago on August 17. Each student presented at a research symposium that day, which also included a career panel from leaders across academia, government, and industry and an opportunity to network. | Photo provided by the Chicago Quantum Exchange</figcaption></figure> <p>OQI also places an emphasis on establishing diversity, equity, and inclusion as priorities central to the development of the quantum ecosystem. Almost 70% of this year’s fellowship students are Hispanic, Latino, or Black, and half are the first in their family to go to college. In addition, while the field of quantum science and engineering is generally majority-male, the 2022 cohort is half female.</p> <p>This summer, UW–Madison and the <a href="https://wqi.wisc.edu/">Wisconsin Quantum Institute</a> hosted two students: Harrison with physics professor <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/balantekin-a-b/">Baha Balantekin</a> and postdoc Pooja Siwach; and MIT physics and electrical engineering major Kate Arutyunova with engineering physics professor <a href="https://directory.engr.wisc.edu/ep/Faculty/Choy_Jennifer/">Jennifer Choy</a>, postdoc Maryam Zahedian and graduate student Ricardo Vidrio.</p> <p>Harrison and Arutyunova met at OQI orientation at IBM’s quantum research lab in New York, and they hit it off immediately. (“We have the most matching energies (of the fellows),” Arutyunova says, with Harrison adding, “The synergy is real.”)</p> <figure id="attachment_7845" class="wp-caption alignright" style="max-width: 300px;" aria-label="OQI Fellow Kate Arutyunova with her research mentors. (L-R) Engineering Physics professor Jennifer Choy, graduate student Ricardo Vidrio, Kate Arutyunova, and postdoc Maryam Zahedian. | Photo provided by Kate Arutyunova"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Kate-and-Choy-mentors.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-7845" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Kate-and-Choy-mentors-300x200.jpg" alt="Four people stand in a lab in front of electronics equipment" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Kate-and-Choy-mentors-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Kate-and-Choy-mentors-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Kate-and-Choy-mentors-768x513.jpg 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Kate-and-Choy-mentors-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Kate-and-Choy-mentors-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Kate-and-Choy-mentors-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Kate-and-Choy-mentors-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Kate-and-Choy-mentors-900x600.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">OQI Fellow Kate Arutyunova with her research mentors. (L-R) Engineering Physics professor Jennifer Choy, graduate student Ricardo Vidrio, Kate Arutyunova, and postdoc Maryam Zahedian. | Photo provided by Kate Arutyunova</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite their very different research projects — Harrison’s was theoretical and strongly focused on physics, whereas Arutyunova’s was experimental and with an engineering focus — they leaned on each other throughout the summer in Madison. They met at Union South nearly every morning at 7am to read and bounce ideas off each other. Then, after a full day with their respective research groups, they’d head back to Union South until it closed.</p> <p><strong>Modeling neutrino oscillations</strong></p> <p>Harrison’s research with Balantekin and Siwach investigated the neutrinos that escape collapsing supernovae cores. Neutrinos have a neutral charge and are relatively small particles, they make it out of cores without interacting with much — and therefore without changing much — so studying them helps physicists understand what is happening inside those stars. However, this is a difficult task because neutrinos oscillate between flavors, or different energy levels, and therefore require a lot of time and resources to calculate on a classical computer.</p> <p>Harrison’s project, then, was to investigate two types of quantum computing methods, pulse vs circuit based, and determine if one might better fit their problem than the other. Previous studies suggest that pulsed based is likely to be better, but circuit based involves less complicated input calculations.</p> <p>“I’ve been doing calibrations and calculating the frequencies of the pulses we’ll need to send to our qubits in order to get data that’s as accurate as a classical computer,” Harrison says. “I’m working with the circuit space, the mathematical versions of them, and then I’ll send my work to IBM’s quantum computers and they’ll calculate it and give results back.”</p> <p>While she didn’t fully complete the project, she did make significant progress.</p> <p>“(Katie) is very enthusiastic and she has gone a lot further than one would have expected an average undergraduate could have,” Balantekin says. “She started an interesting project, she started getting interesting results. But we are nowhere near the completion of the project, so she will continue working with us next academic year, and hopefully we’ll get interesting results.”</p> <p><strong>Developing better quantum sensors</strong><strong> </strong></p> <p>Over on the engineering side of campus, Arutyunova was studying different ways to introduce nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds. These atomic-scale defects are useful in quantum sensing and have applications in magnetometry. Previous work in Choy’s group made the NV centers by a method known as nitrogen ion beam implantation. Arutyunova’s project was to compare how a different method, electron beam irradiation, formed the NV centers under different starting nitrogen concentrations in diamond.</p> <p>Briefly, she would mark an edge of a very tiny (2 x 2 x 0.5 millimeter), nitrogen-containing diamond, and irradiate the sample with a scanning electron microscope. She used confocal microscopy to record the initial distribution of NV centers, then moved the sample to the annealing step, where the diamond is heated up to 1200 celsius in a vacuum annealing furnace. The diamonds are then acid washed and reexamined with the confocal microscope to see if additional NV centers are formed.</p> <p>“It’s a challenging process as it requires precise coordinate-by-coordinate calculation for exposed areas and extensive knowledge of how to use the scanning electron microscope,” says Arutyunova, who will go back to MIT after the fellowship wraps. “I think I laid down a good foundation for future steps so that the work can be continued in my group.”</p> <p>Choy adds:</p> <blockquote><p>Kate made significant strides in her project and her work has put us on a great path for our continued investigation into effective ways of generating color centers in diamond. In addition to her research contributions, our group has really enjoyed and benefited from her enthusiasm and collaborative spirit. It’s wonderful to see the relationships that Kate has forged with the rest of the group and in particular her mentors, Maryam and Ricardo. We look forward to keeping in touch with Kate on matters related to the project as well as her academic journey.</p></blockquote> <p><strong>Beyond the summer fellowship</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong>Both Harrison and Arutyunova think that this experience has drawn them to the graduate school track, likely with a focus on quantum science. More importantly, it has helped them both to learn what they like about research.</p> <p>“I would prefer to work on a problem and see the final output rather than a question where I do not have an idea of the application,” Arutyunova says. “And I realized how much I like to collaborate with people, exchange ideas, propose something, and listen to people and what they think about research.”</p> <p>They also offer similar advice to other undergraduate students who are interested in research: do it, and start early.</p> <p>“No matter when you start, you’re going to start knowing nothing,” Harrison says. “And if you start sooner, even though it’s scary and you feel like you know even less, you have more time to learn, which is amazing. And get in a research group where they really want you to learn.”</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/quantum-science/" rel="category tag">Quantum Science</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/undergraduate/" rel="category tag">Undergraduate</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cosmology/" rel="tag">cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cqe/" rel="tag">CQE</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/quantum/" rel="tag">quantum</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/quantum-computing/" rel="tag">quantum computing</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/quantum-theory/" rel="tag">quantum theory</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/undergraduate-research/" rel="tag">Undergraduate research</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/wqi/" rel="tag">WQI</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-6433" class="post-6433 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-machine-learning tag-biophysics tag-cosmology tag-hep tag-high-energy tag-quantum tag-string-theory"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Machine Learning meets Physics</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2021/12/17/machine-learning-meets-physics/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2021-12-17T08:56:45-06:00">December 17, 2021</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p class="p1">Machine learning and artificial intelligence are certainly not new to physics research — physicists have been using and improving these techniques for several decades.</p> <p class="p1">In the last few years, though, machine learning has been having a bit of an explosion in physics, which makes it a perfect topic on which to collaborate within the department, the university, and even across the world.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p> <p class="p1">“In the last five years in my field, cosmology, if you look at how many papers are posted, it went from practically zero to one per day or so,” says assistant professor <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/munchmeyer-moritz/">Moritz Münchmeyer</a>. “It’s a very, very active field, but it’s still in an early stage: There are almost no success stories of using machine learning on real data in cosmology.”</p> <p class="p1">Münchmeyer, who joined the department in January, arrived at a good time. Professor Gary Shiu was a driving force in starting the virtual seminar series “Physics <span class="s1">∩</span> ML” early in the pandemic, which now has thousands of people on the mailing list and hundreds attending the weekly or bi-weekly seminars by Zoom. As it turned out, physicists across fields were eager to apply their methods to the study of machine learning techniques.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p> <p class="p1">“So it was natural in the physics department to organize the people who work on machine learning and bring them together to exchange ideas, to learn from each other, and to get inspired,” Münchmeyer says. “Gary and I decided to <a href="https://ai.physics.wisc.edu/">start an initiative here</a> to more efficiently focus department activities in machine learning.”</p> <p class="p1">Currently, that initiative includes Münchmeyer, Shiu, Tulika Bose, Sridhara Dasu, Matthew Herndon, and Pupa Gilbert, and their research group members. They watch the Physics <span class="s1">∩</span> ML seminar together, then discuss it afterwards. On weeks that the virtual seminar is not scheduled, the group hosts a local speaker — from physics or elsewhere on campus — who is doing work in the realm of machine learning.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p> <p class="p1">In the next few years, the Machine Learning group in physics looks to build on the momentum the field currently has. For example, they hope to secure funding to hire postdoctoral fellows who can work within a group or across groups in the department. Also, the hiring of Kyle Cranmer — one of the best-known researchers in machine learning for physics — as Director of the American Family Data Science Institute and as a physics faculty member, will immediately connect machine learning activities in this department with those in computer sciences, statistics, and the Information School, as well other areas on campus.</p> <p class="p1">“There are many people [on campus] actively working on machine learning for the physical sciences, but there was not a lot of communication so far, and we are trying to change that,” Münchmeyer says.</p> <h4 style="text-align: center">Machine Learning Initiatives in the Department (so far!)</h4> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Kevin Black, Tulika Bose, Sridhara Dasu, Matthew Herndon </b></span>and the CMS collaboration at CERN use machine learning techniques to improve the sensitivity of new physics searches and increase the accuracy of measurements.</p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Pupa Gilbert </b></span>uses machine learning to understand patterns in nanocrystal orientations (detected with her synchrotron methods) and fracture mechanics (detected at the atomic scale with molecular dynamics methods developed by her collaborator at MIT).</p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Moritz Münchmeyer </b></span>develops machine learning techniques to extract information about fundamental physics from the massive amount of complicated data of current and upcoming cosmological surveys.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Gary Shiu </b></span>develops data science methods to tackle computationally complex systems in cosmology, string theory, particle physics, and statistical mechanics. His work suggests that Topological Data Analysis (TDA) can be integrated into machine learning approaches to make AI interpretable — a necessity for learning physical laws from complex, high dimensional data.</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/machine-learning/" rel="category tag">machine learning</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/biophysics/" rel="tag">biophysics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cosmology/" rel="tag">cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/hep/" rel="tag">HEP</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/high-energy/" rel="tag">high energy</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/quantum/" rel="tag">quantum</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/string-theory/" rel="tag">string theory</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-5397" class="post-5397 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cosmology category-research tag-chime tag-cosmology tag-cosmology-theory tag-fast-radio-bursts"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">CHIME telescope detects more than 500 mysterious fast radio bursts in its first year of operation</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2021/06/09/chime-telescope-detects-more-than-500-mysterious-fast-radio-bursts-in-its-first-year-of-operation/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2021-06-09T16:26:14-05:00">June 9, 2021</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p><em>This post has been modified from the <a href="https://news.mit.edu/2021/chime-telescope-fast-radio-bursts-0609">original post</a>, published by MIT News</em></p> <p>To catch sight of a fast radio burst is to be extremely lucky in where and when you point your radio dish. Fast radio bursts, or FRBs, are oddly bright flashes of light, registering in the radio band of the electromagnetic spectrum, that blaze for a few milliseconds before vanishing without a trace.</p> <p>These brief and mysterious beacons have been spotted in various and distant parts of the universe, as well as in our own galaxy. Their origins are unknown, and their appearance is unpredictable. Since the first was discovered in 2007, radio astronomers have only caught sight of around 140 bursts in their scopes.</p> <p>Now, a large stationary radio telescope in British Columbia has nearly quadrupled the number of fast radio bursts discovered to date. The telescope, known as <a href="https://chime-experiment.ca/en">CHIME</a>, for the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment, has detected 535 new fast radio bursts during its first year of operation, between 2018 and 2019.</p> <figure id="attachment_2064" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="max-width: 225px;" aria-label="Moritz Münchmeyer"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/moritz_muenchmeyer_480.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-2064" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/moritz_muenchmeyer_480-225x300.jpg" alt="Profile photo of Moritz Münchmeyer" width="225" height="300" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/moritz_muenchmeyer_480-225x300.jpg 225w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/moritz_muenchmeyer_480.jpg 480w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Moritz Münchmeyer</figcaption></figure> <p>Scientists with the CHIME Collaboration, including researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, have assembled the new signals in the telescope’s first FRB catalog, which they will present this week at the American Astronomical Society Meeting.</p> <p>UW–Madison physics professor <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/munchmeyer-moritz/">Moritz Münchmeyer</a> is a member of CHIME-FRB and contributed to the statistical analysis of the new FRB catalog. He joined UW–Madison this spring and a part of his new group is continuing this work, with the goal of using FRBs as a novel probe of the physics of the universe.</p> <p>“This is only the beginning of FRB research. For the first time we now have enough FRBs to study their statistical distribution. It turns out that FRBs come from all over the universe, from relatively nearby to half way back to the Big Bang,” Münchmeyer says. “They are also quite frequent, about 800 per day if we were to see them all. They are extremely powerful light sources at cosmological distances and thus provide a new window into the physics of the universe.”</p> <p>For the full story, please visit <a href="https://news.mit.edu/2021/chime-telescope-fast-radio-bursts-0609">https://news.mit.edu/2021/chime-telescope-fast-radio-bursts-0609</a></p> <figure id="attachment_5398" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="max-width: 899px;" aria-label="The large radio telescope CHIME, pictured here, has detected more than 500 mysterious fast radio bursts in its first year of operation, MIT researchers report. | Image Courtesy of CHIME"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CHIME.jpeg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-5398" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CHIME.jpeg" alt="" width="899" height="600" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">The large radio telescope CHIME, pictured here, has detected more than 500 mysterious fast radio bursts in its first year of operation, MIT researchers report. | Image Courtesy of CHIME</figcaption></figure> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/cosmology/" rel="category tag">Cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/research/" rel="category tag">Research</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/chime/" rel="tag">CHIME</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cosmology/" rel="tag">cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cosmology-theory/" rel="tag">cosmology theory</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/fast-radio-bursts/" rel="tag">fast radio bursts</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-4943" class="post-4943 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-astrophysics category-high-energy category-research category-wipac tag-astrophysics tag-cosmology tag-high-energy tag-icecube tag-wipac"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Highest-energy Cosmic Rays Detected in Star Clusters</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2021/03/13/ke-fang-and-colleagues-detect-highest-energy-cosmic-rays-in-star-clusters/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2021-03-13T09:48:10-06:00">March 13, 2021</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>For decades, researchers assumed the cosmic rays that regularly bombard Earth from the far reaches of the galaxy are born when stars go supernova — when they grow too massive to support the fusion occurring at their cores and explode.</p> <p>Those gigantic explosions do indeed propel atomic particles at the speed of light great distances. However, new research suggests even supernovae — capable of devouring entire solar systems — are not strong enough to imbue particles with the sustained energies needed to reach petaelectronvolts (PeVs), the amount of kinetic energy attained by very high-energy cosmic rays.</p> <p>And yet cosmic rays have been observed striking Earth’s atmosphere at exactly those velocities, their passage marked, for example, by the detection tanks at the <a href="https://www.hawc-observatory.org/observatory/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">High-Altitude Water Cherenkov</a> (HAWC) observatory near Puebla, Mexico. Instead of supernovae, the researchers — including UW–Madison’s <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/fang-ke/">Ke Fang</a> — posit that star clusters like the Cygnus Cocoon serve as PeVatrons — PeV accelerators — capable of moving particles across the galaxy at such high energy rates.</p> <p>Their paradigm-shifting research provides compelling evidence for star forming regions to be PeVatrons and is published in two recent papers in <a href="https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p/14691" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Nature Astronomy</a> and <a href="https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p/14671/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Astrophysical Journal Letters</a>.</p> <p>For the full news story, please visit <a href="https://www.mtu.edu/news/stories/2021/march/not-so-fast-supernova-highestenergy-cosmic-rays-detected-in-star-clusters.html">https://www.mtu.edu/news/stories/2021/march/not-so-fast-supernova-highestenergy-cosmic-rays-detected-in-star-clusters.html</a>.</p> <p> </p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/astrophysics/" rel="category tag">Astrophysics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/high-energy/" rel="category tag">High Energy</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/research/" rel="category tag">Research</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/wipac/" rel="category tag">WIPAC</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/astrophysics/" rel="tag">astrophysics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cosmology/" rel="tag">cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/high-energy/" rel="tag">high energy</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/icecube/" rel="tag">IceCube</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/wipac/" rel="tag">WIPAC</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-4616" class="post-4616 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cosmology category-research tag-computational-cosmology tag-cosmology tag-machine-learning tag-theoretical-cosmology"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Welcome, Professor Moritz Münchmeyer!</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2021/01/25/welcome-professor-moritz-munchmeyer/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2021-01-25T16:45:54-06:00">January 25, 2021</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <figure id="attachment_2064" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="max-width: 350px;" aria-label="Moritz Münchmeyer"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/moritz_muenchmeyer_480.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-2064" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/moritz_muenchmeyer_480.jpg" alt="Profile photo of Moritz Münchmeyer" width="350" height="467" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/moritz_muenchmeyer_480.jpg 480w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/moritz_muenchmeyer_480-225x300.jpg 225w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Moritz Münchmeyer</figcaption></figure> <p>On January 1, assistant professor <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/munchmeyer-moritz/">Moritz Münchmeyer</a> joined the UW–Madison physics department. He specializes in theoretical and computational cosmology. His research combines theoretical investigation, the analysis of data from different observatories, and the development of machine learning techniques to probe fundamental physics with cosmological data. He joins us from the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, where he was a Senior Postdoctoral Fellow. To welcome Münchmeyer to the department and to learn more about him and his research, we sat down for a (virtual) interview.</p> <p><em>What are your research interests?</em><em> </em></p> <p>I work at the intersection of theory and observation in cosmology. On the one hand we have the mathematical theories of how the universe works, and then we have observations made by telescopes and detectors. The universe, of course, is incredibly complicated. There are many forces and particles and radiation that all interact with each other. And that makes it often hard to go from observational data to the theory that you’re interested in. We want to know, for example, what were the laws of physics in the very early universe? Or how does the universe evolve? And so, I develop new methods to use the data to probe the theories.</p> <p>One thing that I’m very excited about now is using techniques from data science and machine learning for cosmology. As everybody knows, there’s a machine learning revolution going on which is having an impact on many fields, including cosmology. But the techniques in machine learning are often developed to do things like object recognition in images. They do not necessarily work well for the kind of data that we have, which has very different properties and is described by physical theories. So, I’m trying to adapt these machine learning techniques, or find new ones, that are specifically suited for the problems of cosmology.</p> <p>I also work on new theoretical ideas to use observational data. There will be a huge influx of new cosmological data in the next decade: many experiments are being built and they are often much better than previous experiments. We’ll get amazing new data of the universe and I’m thinking about how to use this data to learn more about fundamental physics, for example by combining different data sources in new ways that have not been explored before.</p> <p><em>What is the source of the data you use in your research?</em></p> <p><em> </em>When I started in cosmology, I became a member of the Planck satellite collaboration, which was a Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiment. Many of the best measurements of cosmological parameters, such as the age of the universe, come from Planck. Of course, now we are building even better CMB experiments, such as the Simons Observatory which I am a member of. In about two years it will start to take precision measurements of the radiation from the early universe. I am also a member of the CHIME experiment, which is detecting Fast Radio Bursts, a new exciting source of data for cosmology and astrophysics. In Madison I am looking to also become involved with Vera Rubin Observatory, one the major upcoming galaxy surveys, which can be combined with CMB experiments. Prof. Keith Bechtol in the physics department is a leading contributor to this experiment. As a theorist, I am not involved much in the data taking process, but once the data is taken, my group will work on its analysis with the methods we have developed.</p> <p><em>Once you settle into your new role here, what are the first research projects your group will start on?</em><em> </em></p> <p>The broad subject we’ll work on is to learn about the initial conditions of the universe from CMB and galaxy data. We will develop new statistical tools and machine learning methods towards this goal. We will also think about new ideas to use cosmological data, such as the Fast Radio Bursts I mentioned before.</p> <p><em>What hobbies and interests do you have? </em><em> </em></p> <p>I have a family with two young children, so I like to go on adventures with them. I also play piano, especially to get my mind off physics. My current favorite sport is Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. I’ve also always been interested in entrepreneurship. A few years ago, I co-founded a small company, <a href="http://www.wolution.com/">Wolution</a>, which uses machine learning — not in cosmology, but for image analyses in bio sciences, agriculture, and other fields.</p> <p><em>What is your favorite element and/or elementary particle?</em><em> </em></p> <p>My favorite elementary particle is the photon, because it’s extremely versatile: the entire electromagnetic spectrum, like radio waves and x-rays and of course visible light. All the experiments I mentioned above fundamentally detect photons.</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/cosmology/" rel="category tag">Cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/research/" rel="category tag">Research</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/computational-cosmology/" rel="tag">computational cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cosmology/" rel="tag">cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/machine-learning/" rel="tag">machine learning</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/theoretical-cosmology/" rel="tag">theoretical cosmology</a></span> </footer> </article> </main> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="uw-footer"> <h2 class="show-for-sr uw-footer-header">Site footer content</h2> <div class="uw-footer-content"> <div class="uw-logo"> <div class="uw-logo-link-wrapper"><a 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