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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cultura de Andronovo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 40 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88" title="حضارة أندرونوفو — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حضارة أندرونوفو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronov_m%C9%99d%C9%99niyy%C9%99ti" title="Andronov mədəniyyəti — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Andronov mədəniyyəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%99%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B8%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Андрон мәҙәниәте — bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Андрон мәҙәниәте" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Андронаўская археалагічная культура — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Андронаўская археалагічная культура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Андроновска култура — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Андроновска култура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="অ্যান্দ্রোনোভো সংস্কৃতি — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যান্দ্রোনোভো সংস্কৃতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_d%27Andr%C3%B3novo" title="Cultura d'Andrónovo — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cultura d'Andrónovo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronovsk%C3%A1_kultura" title="Andronovská kultura — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Andronovská kultura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Андрон культури — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Андрон культури" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronowo-Kultur" title="Andronowo-Kultur — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Andronowo-Kultur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronovo_culture" title="Andronovo culture — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Andronovo culture" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronova_kulturo" title="Andronova kulturo — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Andronova kulturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_andr%C3%B3novo" title="Cultura andrónovo — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cultura andrónovo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronovo_kultura" title="Andronovo kultura — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Andronovo kultura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88" title="فرهنگ آندرونوو — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرهنگ آندرونوو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronovon_kulttuuri" title="Andronovon kulttuuri — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Andronovon kulttuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_d%27Andronovo" title="Culture d'Andronovo — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Culture d'Andronovo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronov%C3%B3i_kult%C3%BAra" title="Andronovói kultúra — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Andronovói kultúra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebudayaan_Andronovo" title="Kebudayaan Andronovo — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebudayaan Andronovo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulturo_Andronovo" title="Kulturo Andronovo — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kulturo Andronovo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_di_Andronovo" title="Cultura di Andronovo — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cultura di Andronovo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="アンドロノヴォ文化 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンドロノヴォ文化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ანდრონოვოს კულტურა — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანდრონოვოს კულტურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Андроново мәдениеті — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Андроново мәдениеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%85%B8%EB%B3%B4_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="안드로노보 문화 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안드로노보 문화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Андрон тарыхый-маданий бирикмеси — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Андрон тарыхый-маданий бирикмеси" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultur_Andronovo" title="Cultur Andronovo — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cultur Andronovo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronovo_kult%C5%ABra" title="Andronovo kultūra — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Andronovo kultūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronovas_kult%C5%ABra" title="Andronovas kultūra — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Andronovas kultūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronovocultuur" title="Andronovocultuur — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Andronovocultuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronovokulturen" title="Andronovokulturen — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Andronovokulturen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_andronowska" title="Kultura andronowska — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kultura andronowska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Андроновская культура — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Андроновская культура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronovokulturen" title="Andronovokulturen — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andronovokulturen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="அன்ட்ரோனோவோ பண்பாடு — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அன்ட்ரோனோவோ பண்பாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronovo_k%C3%BClt%C3%BCr%C3%BC" title="Andronovo kültürü — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Andronovo kültürü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Андроновська культура — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Андроновська культура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronovo_madaniyati" title="Andronovo madaniyati — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Andronovo madaniyati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_h%C3%B3a_Andronovo" title="Văn hóa Andronovo — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Văn hóa Andronovo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Andronovo_culture" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q459376" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Indo-Iranian_origins.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Indo-Iranian_origins.png/300px-Indo-Iranian_origins.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Indo-Iranian_origins.png/450px-Indo-Iranian_origins.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Indo-Iranian_origins.png 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>Culturas arqueológicas da época, a cultura de Andronovo acima a vermelho.</figcaption></figure> <table class="bordered infobox" style="font-size:90%; width:200px;" cellpadding="5"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#FFBF00; font-size:105%; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Idade_do_Bronze" title="Idade do Bronze">Idade do Bronze</a><br /><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar"><span style="word-spacing:0">Esta caixa: </span><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Info/Idade_do_Bronze" class="mw-redirect" title="Predefinição:Info/Idade do Bronze"><span title="Ver esta predefinição">ver</span></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Info/Idade_do_Bronze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Info/Idade do Bronze (página não existe)"><span title="Discutir esta predefinição">discutir</span></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Info/Idade_do_Bronze&action=edit"><span title="Editar esta predefinição">editar</span></a></li></ul></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#efefef;">↑ <a href="/wiki/Calcol%C3%ADtico" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcolítico">Calcolítico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:100%; font-size:0.9em;"> <p style="font-size:1.1em;">África e <a href="/wiki/Antigo_Oriente" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigo Oriente">Antigo Oriente</a> (<abbr title="circa"><a href="/wiki/Circa" title="Circa">c.</a></abbr> 3600-1200 a.C.)</p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Vale_do_Indo" title="Civilização do Vale do Indo">Civilização do Vale do Indo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_da_Mesopot%C3%A2mia" class="mw-redirect" title="História da Mesopotâmia">Mesopotâmia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cana%C3%A3" title="Canaã">Canaã</a>, <a href="/wiki/El%C3%A3o" title="Elão">Elão</a></dd></dl> <p style="font-size:1.1em;">Europa (<abbr title="circa"><a href="/wiki/Circa" title="Circa">c.</a></abbr> 3750-600 a.C.)</p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Idade_do_bronze_atl%C3%A2ntica" title="Idade do bronze atlântica">Idade do bronze atlântica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_egeia" title="Civilização egeia">civilização egeia</a>(<a href="/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Minoica" title="Civilização Minoica">minoica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_mic%C3%AAnica" title="Civilização micênica">micênica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cicl%C3%A1dica" title="Civilização cicládica">cicládica</a>), <a href="/wiki/Idade_do_Bronze_na_Escandin%C3%A1via" title="Idade do Bronze na Escandinávia">escandinávia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultura_de_Hallstatt" title="Cultura de Hallstatt">de Hallstatt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultura_maikop" title="Cultura maikop"> maikop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultura_do_Vaso_Campaniforme" title="Cultura do Vaso Campaniforme">campaniforme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultura_dos_Campos_de_Urnas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultura dos Campos de Urnas">dos Campos de Urnas</a></dd></dl> <p style="font-size:1.1em;">Eurásia and Sibéria (<abbr title="circa"><a href="/wiki/Circa" title="Circa">c.</a></abbr> 2700-700 a.C.)</p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cultura_de_Sintashta" title="Cultura de Sintashta">Cultura de Sintashta</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">de Andronovo</a></dd></dl> <p style="font-size:1.1em;">Sudeste Asiático (<abbr title="circa"><a href="/wiki/Circa" title="Circa">c.</a></abbr> 3300-300 a.C.)</p> <dl><dd>China (<a href="/wiki/Cultura_Erlitou" title="Cultura Erlitou">cultura Erlitou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultura_Erligang" title="Cultura Erligang">Erligang</a>, dinastias <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Xia" title="Dinastia Xia">Xia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Shang" title="Dinastia Shang">Shang</a> e <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Chou" title="Dinastia Chou">Chou</a>) (3000-700 a.C.)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Gojoseon" title="Período Gojoseon">Coreia</a> (800-300 a.C.)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Yayoi" title="Período Yayoi">Japão</a> (300 a.C.)</dd></dl> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Idade_Antiga" title="Idade Antiga">Idade Antiga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biga" title="Biga">biga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_da_escrita" title="História da escrita">escrita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colapso_da_Idade_do_Bronze" title="Colapso da Idade do Bronze">colapso da Idade do Bronze</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#efefef;">↓ <a href="/wiki/Idade_do_Ferro" title="Idade do Ferro">Idade do Ferro</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><p> A <b>cultura de Andronovo</b> é um conjunto de várias culturas similares da <a href="/wiki/Idade_do_Bronze" title="Idade do Bronze">Idade do Bronze</a> que floresceram entre 2000 e 900 AEC na <a href="/wiki/Sib%C3%A9ria_ocidental" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibéria ocidental">Sibéria ocidental</a> e na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estepe_asi%C3%A1tica_ocidental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estepe asiática ocidental (página não existe)">estepe asiática ocidental</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> É provavelmente melhor categorizada como um complexo arqueológico.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A anterior <a href="/wiki/Cultura_de_Sintashta" title="Cultura de Sintashta">cultura de Sintashta</a> (2100–1800 AEC), antigamente posta juntamente com a cultura de Andronovo, é agora considerada separada, mas considerada como a sua predecessora.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A maioria dos investigadores associam os complexos de Andronovo com as primeiras <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_indo-iranianas" title="Línguas indo-iranianas">línguas indo-iranianas</a>, embora pode ter subsistido na sua parte norte uma antiga área de <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_ur%C3%A1licas" title="Línguas urálicas">falas urálicas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De acordo com uma pesquisa genética liderada por Allentoft el al (2015), a cultura de Andronovo e a sua predecessora, a cultura de Sintashta são parcialmente descendentes da <a href="/wiki/Cultura_da_Cer%C3%A2mica_Cordada" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultura da Cerâmica Cordada">Cultura da Cerâmica Cordada</a>, resultando numa maior proporção da ascendência comum com os primeiros agricultores da Europa, similar à mestiçagem encontrada no <a href="/wiki/Genoma" title="Genoma">genoma</a> das gentes da Cultura da Cerâmica Cordada.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descoberta">Descoberta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_de_Andronovo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Descoberta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_de_Andronovo&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Descoberta"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O nome provém da aldeia de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andronovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andronovo (página não existe)">Andronovo</a>, no <a href="/wiki/Krai_de_Krasnoiarsk" title="Krai de Krasnoiarsk">Krai de Krasnoiarsk</a> (<a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Especial:Map/13/55.883/55.7/pt" data-zoom="13" data-lat="55.883" data-lon="55.7" data-overlays="["_06f2f2eb0ceb21714a5efa7134f105e27b5b6eb2"]">55° 53′ N, 55° 42′ L</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> onde o <a href="/wiki/Arqueologia" title="Arqueologia">arqueólogo</a> russo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkadi_Tugarinov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arkadi Tugarinov (página não existe)">Arkadi Tugarinov</a> descobriu os primeiros restos em 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Vários túmulos foram descobertos, com esqueletos em posições flexionadas, enterrados com cerâmica muito elaborada. O primeiro a identificar a cultura de Andronovo foi o arqueólogo russo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergei_Teploukhov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergei Teploukhov (página não existe)">Sergei Teploukhov</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> na década de 1920. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Períodos"><span id="Per.C3.ADodos"></span>Períodos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_de_Andronovo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Períodos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_de_Andronovo&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Períodos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pelo menos quatro períodos da cultura de Andronovo têm sido distinguidos, durante os quais a cultura se expandiu para sul e para leste: </p> <ul><li><b>Sintashta-Petrovka-Arkaim</b><sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Urais" class="mw-redirect" title="Urais">Urais</a> meridionais, norte do <a href="/wiki/Cazaquist%C3%A3o" title="Cazaquistão">Cazaquistão</a>, 2200–1600 AEC)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Alakul</b> (2100–1400 AEC)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> entre o <a href="/wiki/Rio_Oxo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Oxo">rio Oxo</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Rio_Jaxartes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Jaxartes">rio Jaxartes</a> e o <a href="/wiki/Kyzyl_Kum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyzyl Kum">deserto de Kyzyl Kum</a> <ul><li><b>Alekseyevka</b> (1300–1100 AEC "Bronze final")<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> no leste do Cazaquistão.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Fedorovo</b> (1500–1300 AEC)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> na Sibéria meridional <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrito_de_Beshkent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrito de Beshkent (página não existe)">Beshkent</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vakhsh_(Tajiquist%C3%A3o)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vakhsh (Tajiquistão) (página não existe)">Vakhsh</a> (1000–800 AEC)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genética_e_antropologia_física"><span id="Gen.C3.A9tica_e_antropologia_f.C3.ADsica"></span>Genética e antropologia física</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_de_Andronovo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Genética e antropologia física" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_de_Andronovo&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Genética e antropologia física"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A cultura de Andronovo tem sido descrita pelos arqueólogos como uma cultura com características marcadamente <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_caucasiana" title="Raça caucasiana">caucasianas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Genetics_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genetics-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> Um estudo de 2004 também estabeleceu que, durante os períodos da Idade de Bronze e do <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">Ferro</a>, a maioria da população do que agora é o <a href="/wiki/Cazaquist%C3%A3o" title="Cazaquistão">Cazaquistão</a>, era de origem eurasiática occidental (com <a href="/wiki/Haplogrupos_de_ADN_mitocondrial_humano" title="Haplogrupos de ADN mitocondrial humano">haplogrupos mtDNA</a> tais como os U, H, HV. T, I e W, e antes do século XIII a.C., todas as amostras pertenciam a linhagens europeias.<sup id="cite_ref-Genetics2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genetics2-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> Outras pesquisas confirmam que, durante a Idade de Bronze nas áreas setentrionais da actual China, a fronteira entre os caucasoides e os mongoloides estava nas vertentes orientais do <a href="/wiki/Montanhas_Altai" title="Montanhas Altai">Altai</a>, na Mongólia occidental.<sup id="cite_ref-Anthropology_&_Genetics_1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthropology_&_Genetics_1-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anthropology_&_Genetics_2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthropology_&_Genetics_2-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> Alguma influência caucasoides espalhou-se até ao Noreste da <a href="/wiki/Mong%C3%B3lia" title="Mongólia">Mongólia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Anthropology_&_Genetics_3_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthropology_&_Genetics_3-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> e a população do território do actual Cazaquistão era caucasoide durante a Idade de Bronze e durante a do Ferro.<sup id="cite_ref-Anthropology_&_Genetics_4_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthropology_&_Genetics_4-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> Como as investigações arqueológicas sugerem, que na região estepária da <a href="/wiki/%C3%81sia_Central" title="Ásia Central">Ásia Central</a> e nas <a href="/wiki/Montanhas_Altai" title="Montanhas Altai">Montanhais Altai</a>, a primeira produção alimentária começou no fim do terceiro milénio a.C. e as gentes que chegaram a esta região eram caucasoides da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_de_Afanasevo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultura de Afanasevo (página não existe)">cultura de Afanasevo</a> os quais vinham da zona do <a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Aral" title="Mar de Aral">Mar de Aral</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_de_Kelteminar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultura de Kelteminar (página não existe)">cultura de Kelteminar</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Anthropology_&_Genetics_5_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthropology_&_Genetics_5-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_de_Andronovo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_de_Andronovo&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultura_de_Sintashta" title="Cultura de Sintashta">Cultura de Sintashta</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bryant, Edwin Francis; Patton, Laurie L. (1 de janeiro de 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=fHYnGde4BS4C&pg=PA144&dq=Andronovo+culture+2000+900&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Andronovo%20culture%202000%20900&f=false"><i>The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780700714636" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780700714636">9780700714636</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.au=Patton%2C+Laurie+L.&rft.aufirst=Edwin+Francis&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.btitle=The+Indo-Aryan+Controversy%3A+Evidence+and+Inference+in+Indian+History&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780700714636&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.es%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfHYnGde4BS4C%26pg%3DPA144%26dq%3DAndronovo%2Bculture%2B2000%2B900%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DX%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DAndronovo%2520culture%25202000%2520900%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Adams, Douglas Q. (1 de janeiro de 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC&pg=PA20&dq=Andronovo+culture+2000+900&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Andronovo%20culture%202000%20900&f=false"><i>Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781884964985" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781884964985">9781884964985</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.aufirst=Douglas+Q.&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Indo-European+Culture&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781884964985&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.es%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtzU3RIV2BWIC%26pg%3DPA20%26dq%3DAndronovo%2Bculture%2B2000%2B900%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DX%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DAndronovo%2520culture%25202000%2520900%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">IV, Benjamin W. Fortson (7 de setembro de 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=bSxHgej4tKMC&pg=PA46&dq=Andronovo+archaeological+complex&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1uM_MmtbQAhXDuhoKHUl7D_MQ6AEILjAC#v=onepage&q=Andronovo%20archaeological%20complex&f=false"><i>Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781444359688" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781444359688">9781444359688</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+W.+Fortson&rft.aulast=IV&rft.btitle=Indo-European+Language+and+Culture%3A+An+Introduction&rft.date=2011-09-07&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781444359688&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.es%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbSxHgej4tKMC%26pg%3DPA46%26dq%3DAndronovo%2Barchaeological%2Bcomplex%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwj1uM_MmtbQAhXDuhoKHUl7D_MQ6AEILjAC%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DAndronovo%2520archaeological%2520complex%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Baumer, Christoph (11 de dezembro de 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=yglkwD7pKV8C&pg=PA141&dq=Sintashta+culture+andronovo&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRk8DomtbQAhVLvRoKHXN4DeoQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q=Sintashta%20culture%20andronovo&f=false"><i>The History of Central Asia: The Age of the Steppe Warriors</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781780760605" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781780760605">9781780760605</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rft.aulast=Baumer&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Central+Asia%3A+The+Age+of+the+Steppe+Warriors&rft.date=2012-12-11&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781780760605&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.es%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyglkwD7pKV8C%26pg%3DPA141%26dq%3DSintashta%2Bculture%2Bandronovo%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjRk8DomtbQAhVLvRoKHXN4DeoQ6AEIGzAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DSintashta%2520culture%2520andronovo%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kia, Ardi (16 de abril de 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=0XGHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&dq=Andronovo+early+iranian&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj6ppP3mtbQAhVH1RoKHfqRAa4Q6AEINTAD#v=onepage&q=Andronovo%20early%20iranian&f=false"><i>Central Asian Cultures, Arts, and Architecture</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780739199282" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780739199282">9780739199282</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.aufirst=Ardi&rft.aulast=Kia&rft.btitle=Central+Asian+Cultures%2C+Arts%2C+and+Architecture&rft.date=2015-04-16&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780739199282&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.es%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0XGHCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA18%26dq%3DAndronovo%2Bearly%2Biranian%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwj6ppP3mtbQAhVH1RoKHfqRAa4Q6AEINTAD%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DAndronovo%2520early%2520iranian%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Allentoft, Morten E.; Martin (11 de junho de 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v522/n7555/full/nature14507.html">«Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia»</a>. <i>Nature</i> (em inglês). <b>522</b> (7555): 167–172. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature14507">10.1038/nature14507</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.atitle=Population+genomics+of+Bronze+Age+Eurasia&rft.aufirst=Morten+E.&rft.aulast=Allentoft&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.issue=7555&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=167-172&rft.volume=522&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnature%2Fjournal%2Fv522%2Fn7555%2Ffull%2Fnature14507.html&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature14507&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">A referência emprega parâmetros obsoletos <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coautores=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Erros_nas_refer%C3%AAncias#deprecated_params" title="Ajuda:Erros nas referências">ajuda</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Koryakova, Ludmila; Epimakhov, Andrej Vladimirovich (24 de março de 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=tvbz3vaNeBQC&pg=PA123&dq=Andronovo+culture+village&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwirzoTUn9bQAhXDVxQKHRcsCJ4Q6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q=Andronovo%20culture%20village&f=false"><i>The Urals and Western Siberia in the Bronze and Iron Ages</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781139461658" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781139461658">9781139461658</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.au=Epimakhov%2C+Andrej+Vladimirovich&rft.aufirst=Ludmila&rft.aulast=Koryakova&rft.btitle=The+Urals+and+Western+Siberia+in+the+Bronze+and+Iron+Ages&rft.date=2014-03-24&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781139461658&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.es%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtvbz3vaNeBQC%26pg%3DPA123%26dq%3DAndronovo%2Bculture%2Bvillage%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwirzoTUn9bQAhXDVxQKHRcsCJ4Q6AEIGzAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DAndronovo%2520culture%2520village%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-4">e</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kuzʹmina, Elena Efimovna (1 de janeiro de 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=x5J9rn8p2-IC&pg=PA3&dq=Andronovo+culture+1914&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiUweDdn9bQAhUDaRQKHQy9BZ8Q6AEIJjAB#v=onepage&q=Andronovo%20culture%201914&f=false"><i>The Origin of the Indo-Iranians</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: BRILL. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/900416054X" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/900416054X">900416054X</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.aufirst=Elena+Efimovna&rft.aulast=Kuz%CA%B9mina&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+the+Indo-Iranians&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=900416054X&rft.pub=BRILL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.es%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx5J9rn8p2-IC%26pg%3DPA3%26dq%3DAndronovo%2Bculture%2B1914%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwiUweDdn9bQAhUDaRQKHQy9BZ8Q6AEIJjAB%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DAndronovo%2520culture%25201914%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Quiles, Carlos; López-Menchero, Fernando (1 de janeiro de 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=RILAjuKkIH8C&pg=PA118&dq=Sintashta-Petrovka-Arkaim+Andronovo&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Sintashta-Petrovka-Arkaim%20Andronovo&f=false"><i>A Grammar of Modern Indo-European</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Indo-European Association. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781461022138" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781461022138">9781461022138</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.au=L%C3%B3pez-Menchero%2C+Fernando&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft.aulast=Quiles&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Modern+Indo-European&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781461022138&rft.pub=Indo-European+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.es%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRILAjuKkIH8C%26pg%3DPA118%26dq%3DSintashta-Petrovka-Arkaim%2BAndronovo%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DX%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DSintashta-Petrovka-Arkaim%2520Andronovo%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Anthony, David W. (15 de agosto de 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=nLIufwC4szwC&pg=PA428&dq=Alakul+Andronovo&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiUg8nMqdbQAhVHWBoKHQFAB_4Q6AEINjAD#v=onepage&q=Alakul%20Andronovo&f=false"><i>The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/069114818X" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/069114818X">069114818X</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.btitle=The+Horse%2C+the+Wheel%2C+and+Language%3A+How+Bronze-Age+Riders+from+the+Eurasian+Steppes+Shaped+the+Modern+World&rft.date=2010-08-15&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=069114818X&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.es%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnLIufwC4szwC%26pg%3DPA428%26dq%3DAlakul%2BAndronovo%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwiUg8nMqdbQAhVHWBoKHQFAB_4Q6AEINjAD%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DAlakul%2520Andronovo%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dalal, Roshen (15 de abril de 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=UCEoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT163&dq=Alekseyevka+Andronovo&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjl_LKPqtbQAhWLExoKHRQ5BKMQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=Alekseyevka%20Andronovo&f=false"><i>The Vedas: An Introduction to Hinduism’s Sacred Texts</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Penguin UK. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9788184757637" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9788184757637">9788184757637</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.aufirst=Roshen&rft.aulast=Dalal&rft.btitle=The+Vedas%3A+An+Introduction+to+Hinduism%99s+Sacred+Texts&rft.date=2014-04-15&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9788184757637&rft.pub=Penguin+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.es%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUCEoAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT163%26dq%3DAlekseyevka%2BAndronovo%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjl_LKPqtbQAhWLExoKHRQ5BKMQ6AEILTAB%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DAlekseyevka%2520Andronovo%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Adams, Douglas Q. (1 de janeiro de 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC&pg=PA20&dq=Alekseyevka+Andronovo&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjl_LKPqtbQAhWLExoKHRQ5BKMQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=Alekseyevka%20Andronovo&f=false"><i>Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781884964985" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781884964985">9781884964985</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.aufirst=Douglas+Q.&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Indo-European+Culture&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781884964985&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.es%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtzU3RIV2BWIC%26pg%3DPA20%26dq%3DAlekseyevka%2BAndronovo%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjl_LKPqtbQAhWLExoKHRQ5BKMQ6AEIJjAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DAlekseyevka%2520Andronovo%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kassymova, Didar; Kundakbaeva, Zh B.; Markus, Ustina (1 de janeiro de 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=kWXSgG28y4IC&pg=PR19&dq=Fedorov+Andronovo+1500+1300&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-lIjLqtbQAhWFWhoKHemaC_IQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=Fedorov%20Andronovo%201500%201300&f=false"><i>Historical Dictionary of Kazakhstan</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780810867826" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780810867826">9780810867826</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.au=Kundakbaeva%2C+Zh+B.&rft.au=Markus%2C+Ustina&rft.aufirst=Didar&rft.aulast=Kassymova&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Kazakhstan&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780810867826&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.es%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkWXSgG28y4IC%26pg%3DPR19%26dq%3DFedorov%2BAndronovo%2B1500%2B1300%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwj-lIjLqtbQAhWFWhoKHemaC_IQ6AEIHTAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DFedorov%2520Andronovo%25201500%25201300%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=0JQiAQAAMAAJ&q=Beshkent-Vakhsh+Andronov&dq=Beshkent-Vakhsh+Andronov&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiR-cPkqtbQAhUHthoKHd_TAvQQ6AEIHTAA"><i>The Eastern Anthropologist</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Ethnographic and Folk Culture Society. 1 de janeiro de 2005</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.btitle=The+Eastern+Anthropologist&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Ethnographic+and+Folk+Culture+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.es%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0JQiAQAAMAAJ%26q%3DBeshkent-Vakhsh%2BAndronov%26dq%3DBeshkent-Vakhsh%2BAndronov%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwiR-cPkqtbQAhUHthoKHd_TAvQQ6AEIHTAA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genetics-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Genetics_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Keyser, Christine; Bouakaze, Caroline; Crubézy, Eric; Nikolaev, Valery G.; Montagnon, Daniel; Reis, Tatiana; Ludes, Bertrand (16 de maio de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00439-009-0683-0">«Ancient DNA provides new insights into the history of south Siberian Kurgan people»</a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer-Verlag</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Genetics_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human Genetics (journal) (página não existe)">Human Genetics</a></i>. <b>126</b>: 395–410. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19449030">19449030</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00439-009-0683-0">10.1007/s00439-009-0683-0</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 15 de fevereiro de 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.atitle=Ancient+DNA+provides+new+insights+into+the+history+of+south+Siberian+Kurgan+people&rft.au=Bouakaze%2C+Caroline&rft.au=Crub%C3%A9zy%2C+Eric&rft.au=Ludes%2C+Bertrand&rft.au=Montagnon%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Nikolaev%2C+Valery+G.&rft.au=Reis%2C+Tatiana&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft.aulast=Keyser&rft.date=2009-05-16&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Genetics&rft.pages=395-410&rft.volume=126&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%252Fs00439-009-0683-0&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00439-009-0683-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19449030&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genetics2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Genetics2_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Fox, Lalueza; Sampietro, M. L.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; Facchini, F.; Pettener, D.; Bertranpetit, J. (7 de maio de 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691686">«Unravelling migrations in the steppe: mitochondrial DNA sequences from ancient central Asians.»</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Proceedings of the Royal Society">Proceedings of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>271</b>: 941–7. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691686">1691686</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15255049">15255049</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2004.2698">10.1098/rspb.2004.2698</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.atitle=Unravelling+migrations+in+the+steppe%3A+mitochondrial+DNA+sequences+from+ancient+central+Asians.&rft.au=Bertranpetit%2C+J.&rft.au=Facchini%2C+F.&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+M.+T.+P.&rft.au=Pettener%2C+D.&rft.au=Sampietro%2C+M.+L.&rft.aufirst=Lalueza&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.date=2004-05-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.pages=941-7&rft.volume=271&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1691686&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1691686&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.2004.2698&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15255049&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anthropology_&_Genetics_1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Anthropology_&_Genetics_1_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">González-Ruiz, Mercedes; et al. (2012). «Tracing the Origin of the East-West Population Admixture in the Altai Region (Central Asia)». <i><a href="/wiki/PLOS_ONE" title="PLOS ONE">PLOS ONE</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0048904">10.1371/journal.pone.0048904</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.atitle=Tracing+the+Origin+of+the+East-West+Population+Admixture+in+the+Altai+Region+%28Central+Asia%29&rft.aufirst=Mercedes&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez-Ruiz&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0048904&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anthropology_&_Genetics_2-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Anthropology_&_Genetics_2_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hollard, Clémence; et al. (2014). «Strong genetic admixture in the Altai at the Middle Bronze Age revealed by uniparental and ancestry informative markers». <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_Science_International:_Genetics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forensic Science International: Genetics (página não existe)">FSI:Genetics</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fsigen.2014.05.012">10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.05.012</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.atitle=Strong+genetic+admixture+in+the+Altai+at+the+Middle+Bronze+Age+revealed+by+uniparental+and+ancestry+informative+markers&rft.aufirst=Cl%C3%A9mence&rft.aulast=Hollard&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FSI%3AGenetics&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fsigen.2014.05.012&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anthropology_&_Genetics_3-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Anthropology_&_Genetics_3_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kim, Kijeong; et al. (2010). «A western Eurasian male is found in 2000-year-old elite Xiongnu cemetery in Northeast Mongolia». <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology" title="American Journal of Physical Anthropology">American Journal of Physical Anthropology</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fajpa.21242">10.1002/ajpa.21242</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.atitle=A+western+Eurasian+male+is+found+in+2000-year-old+elite+Xiongnu+cemetery+in+Northeast+Mongolia&rft.aufirst=Kijeong&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physical+Anthropology&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fajpa.21242&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anthropology_&_Genetics_4-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Anthropology_&_Genetics_4_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ismagulov, O; et al. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificfund.kz/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=4&Itemid=28">«Physical Anthropology of Kazakh People and their Genesis»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de dezembro de 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.atitle=Physical+Anthropology+of+Kazakh+People+and+their+Genesis&rft.aufirst=O&rft.aulast=Ismagulov&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificfund.kz%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Dcategory%26id%3D4%26Itemid%3D28&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anthropology_&_Genetics_5-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Anthropology_&_Genetics_5_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Panyushkina, Irina P; et al. (2013). Liviu Giosan; Dorian Q. Fuller; Kathleen Nicoll; Rowan K. Flad; Peter D. Clift, eds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260249780_Climate-Induced_Changes_in_Population_Dynamics_of_Siberian_Scythians_700-250_BC">«Climate-Induced Changes in Population Dynamics of Siberian Scythians (700-250 BC)»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ResearchGate" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2F2012GM001220">10.1029/2012GM001220</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de dezembro de 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ACultura+de+Andronovo&rft.atitle=Climate-Induced+Changes+in+Population+Dynamics+of+Siberian+Scythians+%28700-250+BC%29&rft.aufirst=Irina+P&rft.aulast=Panyushkina&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ResearchGate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F260249780_Climate-Induced_Changes_in_Population_Dynamics_of_Siberian_Scythians_700-250_BC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F2012GM001220&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Venus_von_Willendorf_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_von_Willendorf_01.jpg/20px-Venus_von_Willendorf_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_von_Willendorf_01.jpg/30px-Venus_von_Willendorf_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_von_Willendorf_01.jpg/40px-Venus_von_Willendorf_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="2684" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre <a href="/wiki/Arqueologia" title="Arqueologia">arqueologia</a> ou arqueólogo(a) é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. 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text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Estepe_Euroasi%C3%A1tica" title="Estepe Euroasiática">Estepe<br />Euroasiática</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protoindo-europeus" title="Protoindo-europeus">Protoindo-europeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultura_maikop" title="Cultura maikop">Maikop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultura_Yamna" title="Cultura Yamna">Yamna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultura_da_cer%C3%A2mica_cordada" title="Cultura da cerâmica cordada">Cerâmica Cordada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultura_Sintashta" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultura Sintashta">Sintashta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andronovos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cim%C3%A9rios" title="Cimérios">Cimérios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citas" title="Citas">Citas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1rmatas" title="Sármatas">Sármatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunos" title="Hunos">Hunos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protob%C3%BAlgaros" title="Protobúlgaros">Búlgaros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#faf0ce; 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text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Cronologia_da_Mesoam%C3%A9rica" title="Cronologia da Mesoamérica">Mesoamérica</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olmecas" title="Olmecas">Olmecas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultura_epiolmeca" title="Cultura epiolmeca">Epiolmecas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultura_Zapoteca" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultura Zapoteca">Zapotecas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtecas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixtecas">Mixtecas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_maia" title="Civilização maia">Maias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teotihuacan" title="Teotihuacan">Teotihuacan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#faf0ce; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Era_pr%C3%A9-colombiana" title="Era pré-colombiana">Andes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Caral" title="Civilização de Caral">Civilização de Caral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultura_Sechin" title="Cultura Sechin">Sechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultura_Chav%C3%ADn" title="Cultura Chavín">Chavín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultura_paracas" title="Cultura paracas">Paracas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Nazca" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilização de Nazca">Nazca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Moche" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilização Moche">Moche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultura_Lima" title="Cultura Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_de_Tiauanaco-Huari" title="Império de Tiauanaco-Huari">Império de Tiauanaco-Huari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#faf0ce; 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margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" title="Portal do Cazaquistão"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/25px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/38px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/50px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cazaquist%C3%A3o" title="Portal:Cazaquistão">Portal do Cazaquistão</a></span></span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cultura_de_Andronovo&oldid=68579379">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cultura_de_Andronovo&oldid=68579379</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Culturas_arqueol%C3%B3gicas_da_%C3%81sia" title="Categoria:Culturas arqueológicas da Ásia">Culturas arqueológicas da Ásia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Hist%C3%B3ria_da_%C3%81sia_Central" title="Categoria:História da Ásia Central">História da Ásia Central</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Povos_indo-europeus" title="Categoria:Povos indo-europeus">Povos indo-europeus</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorias ocultas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_ingl%C3%AAs-fontes_em_l%C3%ADngua_(en)" title="Categoria:!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)">!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!P%C3%A1ginas_que_usam_refer%C3%AAncias_com_par%C3%A2metros_obsoletas" title="Categoria:!Páginas que usam referências com parâmetros obsoletas">!Páginas que usam referências com parâmetros obsoletas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Esbo%C3%A7os_sobre_arqueologia" title="Categoria:!Esboços sobre arqueologia">!Esboços sobre arqueologia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Esbo%C3%A7os_maiores_que_10000_bytes" title="Categoria:!Esboços maiores que 10000 bytes">!Esboços maiores que 10000 bytes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!P%C3%A1ginas_que_utilizam_a_extens%C3%A3o_Kartographer" title="Categoria:!Páginas que utilizam a extensão Kartographer">!Páginas que utilizam a extensão Kartographer</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 18h56min de 5 de setembro de 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Este texto é disponibilizado nos termos da licença <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt">Atribuição-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0) da Creative Commons</a>; 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