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id="toc-Tensions_within_the_Catalan_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tensions_within_the_Catalan_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Tensions within the Catalan government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tensions_within_the_Catalan_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scope" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scope"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Scope </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scope-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Police_operation_to_stop_the_referendum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Police_operation_to_stop_the_referendum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Police operation to stop the referendum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Police_operation_to_stop_the_referendum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Administration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Administration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Question" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Question"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Question </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Question-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_observers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_observers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 International observers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_observers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-result_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-result_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Pre-result responses </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pre-result_responses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Pre-result responses subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Pre-result_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Domestic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UN_member_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UN_member_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 UN member states </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UN_member_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_political_parties,_groups_and_sub-national_governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_political_parties,_groups_and_sub-national_governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Other political parties, groups and sub-national governments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_political_parties,_groups_and_sub-national_governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_organizations_and_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_organizations_and_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 International organizations and institutions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_organizations_and_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinion_polls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinion_polls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Opinion polls </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opinion_polls-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Opinion polls subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Opinion_polls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-On_1_October_2017_referendum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_1_October_2017_referendum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 On 1 October 2017 referendum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_1_October_2017_referendum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Total" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Total"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Total </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Total-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Certain_to_vote" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Certain_to_vote"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 Certain to vote </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Certain_to_vote-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_the_independence_issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_the_independence_issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 On the independence issue </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_the_independence_issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_whether_a_referendum_should_be_held" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_whether_a_referendum_should_be_held"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 On whether a referendum should be held </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_whether_a_referendum_should_be_held-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Results </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Results subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Overall </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results_by_province" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_by_province"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Results by province </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results_by_province-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results_by_vegueries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_by_vegueries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Results by vegueries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results_by_vegueries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irregularities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irregularities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Irregularities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irregularities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy_over_the_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy_over_the_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Controversy over the results </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy_over_the_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Violence_and_injuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violence_and_injuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Violence and injuries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Violence_and_injuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Economic effects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_effect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_effect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Political effect </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_effect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Press_coverage_and_Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Press_coverage_and_Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Press coverage and Internet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Press_coverage_and_Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_2020–2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_2020–2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 In 2020–2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_2020–2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinion_poll_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinion_poll_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Opinion poll sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opinion_poll_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">2017 Catalan independence referendum</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" > 56 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_2017" title="استفتاء استقلال كتالونيا 2017 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استفتاء استقلال كتالونيا 2017" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendu_d%27independencia_de_Catalu%C3%B1a_de_2017" title="Referendu d'independencia de Cataluña de 2017 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Referendu d'independencia de Cataluña de 2017" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloniya_m%C3%BCst%C9%99qillik_referendumu_(2017)" title="Kataloniya müstəqillik referendumu (2017) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kataloniya müstəqillik referendumu (2017)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_n%C3%AE_Catalunya_to%CC%8Dk-li%CC%8Dp_kong-b%C3%AEn_t%C3%A2u-phi%C3%B2" title="2017 nî Catalunya to̍k-li̍p kong-bîn tâu-phiò – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="2017 nî Catalunya to̍k-li̍p kong-bîn tâu-phiò" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%84%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96_2017_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Рэфэрэндум аб незалежнасьці Каталёніі 2017 году – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэфэрэндум аб незалежнасьці Каталёніі 2017 году" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendom_war_dizalc%27hiezh_Katalonia_(2017)" title="Referendom war dizalc'hiezh Katalonia (2017) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Referendom war dizalc'hiezh Katalonia (2017)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refer%C3%A8ndum_sobre_la_independ%C3%A8ncia_de_Catalunya_de_2017" title="Referèndum sobre la independència de Catalunya de 2017 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Referèndum sobre la independència de Catalunya de 2017" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum_o_nez%C3%A1vislosti_Katal%C3%A1nska_2017" title="Referendum o nezávislosti Katalánska 2017 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Referendum o nezávislosti Katalánska 2017" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refferendwm_ynghylch_annibyniaeth_Catalwnia_2017" title="Refferendwm ynghylch annibyniaeth Catalwnia 2017 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Refferendwm ynghylch annibyniaeth Catalwnia 2017" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkeafstemningen_om_Cataloniens_selvst%C3%A6ndighed_2017" title="Folkeafstemningen om Cataloniens selvstændighed 2017 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Folkeafstemningen om Cataloniens selvstændighed 2017" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unabh%C3%A4ngigkeitsreferendum_in_Katalonien_2017" title="Unabhängigkeitsreferendum in Katalonien 2017 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Unabhängigkeitsreferendum in Katalonien 2017" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%88%CE%AE%CF%86%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_(2017)" title="Καταλανικό δημοψήφισμα ανεξαρτησίας (2017) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καταλανικό δημοψήφισμα ανεξαρτησίας (2017)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refer%C3%A9ndum_su_l%27indipend%C3%A9nsa_dla_Catal%C3%B3gna_dal_2017" title="Referéndum su l'indipendénsa dla Catalógna dal 2017 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Referéndum su l'indipendénsa dla Catalógna dal 2017" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refer%C3%A9ndum_de_independencia_de_Catalu%C3%B1a_de_2017" title="Referéndum de independencia de Cataluña de 2017 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Referéndum de independencia de Cataluña de 2017" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendumo_pri_sendependi%C4%9Do_de_Katalunio_en_2017" title="Referendumo pri sendependiĝo de Katalunio en 2017 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Referendumo pri sendependiĝo de Katalunio en 2017" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataluniaren_independentziarako_2017ko_erreferenduma" title="Kataluniaren independentziarako 2017ko erreferenduma – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kataluniaren independentziarako 2017ko erreferenduma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B7)" title="همه‌پرسی استقلال کاتالونیا (۲۰۱۷) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="همه‌پرسی استقلال کاتالونیا (۲۰۱۷)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rendum_de_2017_sur_l%27ind%C3%A9pendance_de_la_Catalogne" title="Référendum de 2017 sur l'indépendance de la Catalogne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Référendum de 2017 sur l'indépendance de la Catalogne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reifreann_Neamhsple%C3%A1chais_na_Catal%C3%B3ine,_2017" title="Reifreann Neamhspleáchais na Catalóine, 2017 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Reifreann Neamhspleáchais na Catalóine, 2017" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendo_de_independencia_de_Catalu%C3%B1a_de_2017" title="Referendo de independencia de Cataluña de 2017 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Referendo de independencia de Cataluña de 2017" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%EB%85%84_%EC%B9%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A3%A8%EB%83%90_%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD_%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC%ED%88%AC%ED%91%9C" title="2017년 카탈루냐 독립 국민투표 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2017년 카탈루냐 독립 국민투표" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%BE%D5%A5_(2017)" title="Կատալոնիայի անկախության հանրաքվե (2017) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կատալոնիայի անկախության հանրաքվե (2017)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum_o_neovisnosti_Katalonije_2017." title="Referendum o neovisnosti Katalonije 2017. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Referendum o neovisnosti Katalonije 2017." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum_kemerdekaan_Katalonia_2017" title="Referendum kemerdekaan Katalonia 2017 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Referendum kemerdekaan Katalonia 2017" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum_sull%27indipendenza_della_Catalogna_del_2017" title="Referendum sull'indipendenza della Catalogna del 2017 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Referendum sull'indipendenza della Catalogna del 2017" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="משאל העם על עצמאות קטלוניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משאל העם על עצמאות קטלוניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C5%9Ftpirsiya_Serxweb%C3%BBna_Ketelonyay%C3%AA_ya_2017an" title="Giştpirsiya Serxwebûna Ketelonyayê ya 2017an – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Giştpirsiya Serxwebûna Ketelonyayê ya 2017an" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonijas_neatkar%C4%ABbas_referendums" title="Katalonijas neatkarības referendums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Katalonijas neatkarības referendums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum_per_l%27independenza_de_la_Catalogna_del_2017" title="Referendum per l'independenza de la Catalogna del 2017 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Referendum per l'independenza de la Catalogna del 2017" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017-es_katal%C3%B3niai_f%C3%BCggetlens%C3%A9gi_n%C3%A9pszavaz%C3%A1s" title="2017-es katalóniai függetlenségi népszavazás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="2017-es katalóniai függetlenségi népszavazás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(2017)" title="Референдум за независност на Каталонија (2017) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Референдум за независност на Каталонија (2017)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum_kemerdekaan_Catalonia_2017" title="Referendum kemerdekaan Catalonia 2017 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Referendum kemerdekaan Catalonia 2017" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalaans_onafhankelijkheidsreferendum_2017" title="Catalaans onafhankelijkheidsreferendum 2017 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Catalaans onafhankelijkheidsreferendum 2017" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A3%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8" title="2017年カタルーニャ独立住民投票 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="2017年カタルーニャ独立住民投票" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkeavstemningen_om_Catalonias_selvstendighet_2017" title="Folkeavstemningen om Catalonias selvstendighet 2017 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Folkeavstemningen om Catalonias selvstendighet 2017" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkeavr%C3%B8ystinga_om_katalansk_sj%C3%B8lvstende_2017" title="Folkeavrøystinga om katalansk sjølvstende 2017 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Folkeavrøystinga om katalansk sjølvstende 2017" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum_sus_l%27independ%C3%A9ncia_de_Catalonha" title="Referendum sus l'independéncia de Catalonha – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Referendum sus l'independéncia de Catalonha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloniya_mustaqilligi_haqida_referendum_(2017)" title="Kataloniya mustaqilligi haqida referendum (2017) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kataloniya mustaqilligi haqida referendum (2017)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum_w_Katalonii_w_2017_roku" title="Referendum w Katalonii w 2017 roku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Referendum w Katalonii w 2017 roku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendo_sobre_a_independ%C3%AAncia_da_Catalunha_em_2017" title="Referendo sobre a independência da Catalunha em 2017 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Referendo sobre a independência da Catalunha em 2017" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_(2017)" title="Референдум о независимости Каталонии (2017) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Референдум о независимости Каталонии (2017)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_unthirldom_referendum,_2017" title="Catalan unthirldom referendum, 2017 – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Catalan unthirldom referendum, 2017" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendumi_p%C3%ABr_pavar%C3%ABsin%C3%AB_e_Katalonj%C3%ABs,_2017" title="Referendumi për pavarësinë e Katalonjës, 2017 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Referendumi për pavarësinë e Katalonjës, 2017" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Catalan_independence_referendum" title="2017 Catalan independence referendum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="2017 Catalan independence referendum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_2017." title="Референдум о независности Каталоније 2017. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Референдум о независности Каталоније 2017." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonski_referendum_o_nezavisnosti_2017." title="Katalonski referendum o nezavisnosti 2017. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Katalonski referendum o nezavisnosti 2017." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonian_kansan%C3%A4%C3%A4nestys_itsen%C3%A4isyydest%C3%A4_2017" title="Katalonian kansanäänestys itsenäisyydestä 2017 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Katalonian kansanäänestys itsenäisyydestä 2017" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkomr%C3%B6stningen_2017_om_Kataloniens_sj%C3%A4lvst%C3%A4ndighet" title="Folkomröstningen 2017 om Kataloniens självständighet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Folkomröstningen 2017 om Kataloniens självständighet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC_(2017)" title="Каталония бәйсезлеге турында референдум (2017) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Каталония бәйсезлеге турында референдум (2017)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2560" title="การลงประชามติเอกราชกาตาลุญญา พ.ศ. 2560 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การลงประชามติเอกราชกาตาลุญญา พ.ศ. 2560" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Katalonya_ba%C4%9F%C4%B1ms%C4%B1zl%C4%B1k_referandumu" title="2017 Katalonya bağımsızlık referandumu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="2017 Katalonya bağımsızlık referandumu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC_%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%97_(2017)" title="Референдум щодо незалежності Каталонії (2017) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Референдум щодо незалежності Каталонії (2017)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum_par_l%27independensa_de_%C5%82a_Cate%C5%82ogna_del_2017" title="Referendum par l'independensa de ła Catełogna del 2017 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Referendum par l'independensa de ła Catełogna del 2017" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C6%B0ng_c%E1%BA%A7u_d%C3%A2n_%C3%BD_%C4%91%E1%BB%99c_l%E1%BA%ADp_Catalunya_2017" title="Trưng cầu dân ý độc lập Catalunya 2017 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trưng cầu dân ý độc lập Catalunya 2017" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E6%AC%A1%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E9%9A%86%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%95" title="第3次加泰隆尼亞獨立公投 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="第3次加泰隆尼亞獨立公投" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1159459382">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data{width:calc(100% - 20px);overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:24em"><caption class="infobox-title">2017 Catalan independence referendum</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Catalonia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/75px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1150407293">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:10%;" class="noprint"></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:80%;" class="">1 October 2017</td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:10%;" class="noprint"></td> </tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1150407293"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="display:inline-block;border-style: solid;padding: 3px;border-color: #A2A9B1;border-width: 2px;background-color: #FEFEFE;color: black;margin: 3px;width: calc(100% - 16px);max-width: 24em;">Do you want Catalonia to become an independent state in the form of a republic?</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef;">Results</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:25em; margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#EEEEEE"> <th style="width: 50%;"><div style="float:left;">Choice</div> </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 25%">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 25%">% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/12px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/24px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y Yes </td> <td style="text-align: right;margin-right: 0.5em">2,044,038 </td> <td style="text-align: right;margin-right: 0.5em">92.01% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/12px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/18px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/24px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" />N No </td> <td style="text-align: right;">177,547 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">7.99% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#EEEEEE"> <td style="text-align: left">Valid votes </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,221,585 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">97.17% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#EEEEEE"> <td style="text-align: left">Invalid or blank votes </td> <td style="text-align: right;">64,632 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2.83% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#EEEEEE"> <td style="text-align: left">Total votes </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,286,217 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">100.00% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#EEEEEE"> <td style="text-align: left">Registered voters/turnout </td> <td style="text-align: right;">5,313,564 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">43.03% </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1150407293"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a href="/wiki/File:2017_Catalan_Indepedence_Referendum_by_province.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/2017_Catalan_Indepedence_Referendum_by_province.svg/250px-2017_Catalan_Indepedence_Referendum_by_province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/2017_Catalan_Indepedence_Referendum_by_province.svg/375px-2017_Catalan_Indepedence_Referendum_by_province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/2017_Catalan_Indepedence_Referendum_by_province.svg/500px-2017_Catalan_Indepedence_Referendum_by_province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="776" /></a> Provincial results</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:2017_Catalan_Indepedence_Referendum_by_Vegueries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/2017_Catalan_Indepedence_Referendum_by_Vegueries.svg/250px-2017_Catalan_Indepedence_Referendum_by_Vegueries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/2017_Catalan_Indepedence_Referendum_by_Vegueries.svg/375px-2017_Catalan_Indepedence_Referendum_by_Vegueries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/2017_Catalan_Indepedence_Referendum_by_Vegueries.svg/500px-2017_Catalan_Indepedence_Referendum_by_Vegueries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="776" /></a> Vegueries results</div></div><div>Yes:      >90%      80–90%</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="text-align:left; background:#fafafa; border-top: #aaa 1px solid; padding:0.2em;">Source: Government of Catalonia<a href="#cite_note-Results-1">[1]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> An <a href="/wiki/Independence_referendum" title="Independence referendum">independence referendum</a> was held on 1 October 2017 in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_autonomous_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish autonomous community">Spanish autonomous community</a> of <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>, passed by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Catalonia" title="Parliament of Catalonia">Parliament of Catalonia</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Law_on_the_Referendum_on_Self-determination_of_Catalonia" title="Law on the Referendum on Self-determination of Catalonia">Law on the Referendum on Self-determination of Catalonia</a> and called by the <a href="/wiki/Generalitat_de_Catalunya" title="Generalitat de Catalunya">Generalitat de Catalunya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The referendum, known in the Spanish media by the <a href="/wiki/Numeronym" title="Numeronym">numeronym</a> 1-O (for "1 October"), was declared unconstitutional<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> on 7 September 2017 and suspended by the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court of Spain</a> after a request from the Spanish government, who declared it a breach of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution of 1978">Spanish Constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBCNews08092017-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-boe2162017-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Additionally, in early September the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Catalonia" title="High Court of Justice of Catalonia">High Court of Justice of Catalonia</a> had issued orders to the police to try to prevent the unconstitutional referendum, including the detention of various persons responsible for its preparation.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Due to alleged irregularities during the voting process, as well as the use of force by the <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="National Police Corps">National Police Corps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain)">Civil Guard</a>, international observers invited by the Generalitat declared that the referendum failed to meet the minimum international standards for elections.<a href="#cite_note-observadores-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-regulations-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-mediaciones-16">[16]</a> The referendum was approved by the Catalan parliament in a session on 6 September 2017, boycotted by 52 anti-independence parliamentarians,<a href="#cite_note-TheGuardian06092017-17">[17]</a> along with the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_juridical_transition_and_foundation_of_the_Republic" title="Law of juridical transition and foundation of the Republic">Law of juridical transition and foundation of the Republic of Catalonia</a> the following day 7 September, which stated that independence would be binding with a simple majority, without requiring a minimum turnout.<a href="#cite_note-TheGuardian06092017-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> After being suspended, the law was finally declared void on 17 October,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> being also unconstitutional according to the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Catalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia">Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia</a> which requires a two-thirds majority, 90 seats, in the Catalan parliament for any change to Catalonia's status.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The referendum question, which voters answered with "Yes" or "No", was "Do you want Catalonia to become an independent state in the form of a republic?". While the "Yes" side won, with 2,044,038 (90.18%) voting for independence and 177,547 (7.83%) voting against, the turnout was only 43.03%. The Catalan government estimated that up to 770,000 votes were not cast due to polling stations being closed off during the police crackdown,<a href="#cite_note-Results-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mundo-2Oct17-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Independent-2Oct17-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN-2Oct17-25">[25]</a> although the "universal census" system introduced earlier in the day allowed electors to vote at any given polling station.<a href="#cite_note-Universal-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElPais03112017-27">[27]</a> Catalan government officials have argued that the turnout would have been higher were it not for Spanish police suppression of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-TurullSays-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ara-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> On the other hand, most voters who did not support Catalan independence did not turn out,<a href="#cite_note-auto-31">[31]</a> as the constitutional political parties asked citizens not to participate in the illegal referendum to avoid "validation".<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Additionally, numerous cases of voters casting their votes several times or with lack of identification were reported, and the counting process and the revision of the census were not performed with quality standards ensuring impartiality.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The days leading to the referendum witnessed hasty judicial fights, and the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Catalonia" title="High Court of Justice of Catalonia">High Court of Justice of Catalonia</a> eventually ordered police forces to impede the use of public premises for the imminent voting.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> With conflicting directives, the referendum mostly saw inaction of part of the autonomous police force of Catalonia, the <a href="/wiki/Mossos_d%27Esquadra" title="Mossos d'Esquadra">Mossos d'Esquadra</a>, who allowed many polling stations to open while the <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="National Police Corps">National Police Corps</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Guardia_Civil" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardia Civil">Guardia Civil</a> intervened and raided several opened polling stations to prevent voting.<a href="#cite_note-Eldiario01102017-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElMundo02102017-38">[38]</a> Early figures of 893 civilians and 111 agents of the National Police and the Guardia Civil injured<a href="#cite_note-ElMundo02102017-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Washingtonpost02102017-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ara20180420-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> may have been exaggerated.<a href="#cite_note-ElMundo09102017-42">[42]</a> According to Barcelona's judge investigating those police violence, 218 persons were injured in Barcelona alone.<a href="#cite_note-LaVanguardia10102017-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElEspañol06102017-44">[44]</a> According to the official final report by the Catalan Health Service (CatSalut) of the Generalitat, 1066 civilians, 11 agents of the National Police and the Guardia Civil, and 1 agent of the regional police, the <a href="/wiki/Mossos_d%27Esquadra" title="Mossos d'Esquadra">Mossos d'Esquadra</a>, were injured.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Zeid_bin_Ra%27ad" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Zeid bin Ra'ad">Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein</a>, urged the Spanish government to investigate all acts of violence that took place to prevent the referendum.<a href="#cite_note-UN02102017-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-47">[47]</a> The police action also received criticism from <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> which defined it as an "excessive and unnecessary use of force".<a href="#cite_note-amnesty-international-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-human-rights-watch-49">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Spain" title="Supreme Court of Spain">Spanish Supreme Court</a> judge <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Llarena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pablo Llarena (page does not exist)">Pablo Llarena</a> stated <a href="/wiki/Carles_Puigdemont" title="Carles Puigdemont">Carles Puigdemont</a> ignored the repeated warnings he received about the escalation of violence if the referendum was held.<a href="#cite_note-ABC30032018-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElMundo30032018-51">[51]</a> Mossos d'Esquadra were investigated for disobedience, for allegedly not having complied with the orders of the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Catalonia" title="High Court of Justice of Catalonia">High Court of Justice of Catalonia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ElPeriodico02102017-52">[52]</a> Members of Mossos d'Esquadra under investigation included <a href="/wiki/Josep_Llu%C3%ADs_Trapero_%C3%81lvarez" title="Josep Lluís Trapero Álvarez">Josep Lluís Trapero Álvarez</a>, the Mossos d'Esquadra <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Police">major</a>, who was investigated for <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Audiencia_Nacional_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audiencia Nacional (Spain)">Spanish National Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EFE04102017-53">[53]</a> Mossos d'Esquadra denied those accusations and say they obeyed orders but applied the principle of proportionality, which is required by Spanish law in all police operations.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Catalan_self-determination_referendum,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan self-determination referendum, 2014">Catalan self-determination referendum, 2014</a>; <a href="/wiki/Catalan_regional_election,_2015" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan regional election, 2015">Catalan regional election, 2015</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Initiation_of_the_Process_of_Independence_of_Catalonia" title="Declaration of the Initiation of the Process of Independence of Catalonia">Declaration of the Initiation of the Process of Independence of Catalonia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Variants_of_the_Catalan_flag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Variants_of_the_Catalan_flag.jpg/220px-Variants_of_the_Catalan_flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Variants_of_the_Catalan_flag.jpg/330px-Variants_of_the_Catalan_flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Variants_of_the_Catalan_flag.jpg/440px-Variants_of_the_Catalan_flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3426" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Pro-independence flags in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></figcaption></figure> The ballot was initially scheduled for no later than 17 September 2017, a result of an election pledge made by pro-independence parties ahead of the <a href="/wiki/2015_Catalan_regional_election" title="2015 Catalan regional election">2015 Catalan election</a> (during the previous legislature, the Catalan government had held <a href="/wiki/2014_Catalan_self-determination_referendum" title="2014 Catalan self-determination referendum">a non-binding "citizen participation process"</a> about the question). The election resulted in a <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Junts_pel_S%C3%AD" title="Junts pel Sí">Junts pel Sí</a> coalition (JxSí), which had won a plurality of MPs (62 of the 135 seats), plus conditional support from the 10 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_Candidacy_-_Constituent_Call" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular Unity Candidacy - Constituent Call">CUP-CC</a> MPs. Shortly after the government was formed, it resolved to hold a referendum on independence.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> On 24 January 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Catalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Catalonia">Government of Catalonia</a> held a privately organised conference<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> in one of the rooms of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> in its <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> headquarters. The event, entitled "The Catalan Referendum", was promoted by <a href="/wiki/Carles_Puigdemont" title="Carles Puigdemont">Carles Puigdemont</a>, President, <a href="/wiki/Oriol_Junqueras" title="Oriol Junqueras">Oriol Junqueras</a>, Vice President, and <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BCl_Romeva" title="Raül Romeva">Raül Romeva</a>. It was attended by 500 people, among whom were MEPs, diplomats and journalists from the international media.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organisation">Organisation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organisation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_president_i_els_alcaldes_entrant_al_Palau_de_la_Generalitat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/El_president_i_els_alcaldes_entrant_al_Palau_de_la_Generalitat.jpg/220px-El_president_i_els_alcaldes_entrant_al_Palau_de_la_Generalitat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/El_president_i_els_alcaldes_entrant_al_Palau_de_la_Generalitat.jpg/330px-El_president_i_els_alcaldes_entrant_al_Palau_de_la_Generalitat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/El_president_i_els_alcaldes_entrant_al_Palau_de_la_Generalitat.jpg/440px-El_president_i_els_alcaldes_entrant_al_Palau_de_la_Generalitat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="1912" /></a><figcaption>Catalan president <a href="/wiki/Carles_Puigdemont" title="Carles Puigdemont">Carles Puigdemont</a> and 700 mayors of Catalonia on the meeting at preparation of referendum, 16 September 2017</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inici_acte_final_campanya_1O.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Inici_acte_final_campanya_1O.jpg/220px-Inici_acte_final_campanya_1O.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Inici_acte_final_campanya_1O.jpg/330px-Inici_acte_final_campanya_1O.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Inici_acte_final_campanya_1O.jpg/440px-Inici_acte_final_campanya_1O.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>Final meeting of campaign for referendum in front of <a href="/wiki/Palau_Nacional" title="Palau Nacional">Palau Nacional</a>, 29 September 2017</figcaption></figure> The Catalan government's decree officially calling the referendum was expected to be approved in the second half of August<a href="#cite_note-CatrefOct-64">[64]</a> but was approved only on 6 September.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Shortly after the referendum was announced, attention focused on the issue of the <a href="/wiki/Ballot_box" title="Ballot box">ballot boxes</a>, since the government of Spain is in charge of providing them, whereas for this non-state-sanctioned vote, the <a href="/wiki/Generalitat_de_Catalunya" title="Generalitat de Catalunya">government of Catalonia</a> would have to put them in place, potentially risking prosecution for the misuse of public funds. It is still unclear who bought them. The Catalan government opened a bidding process to buy them but no offers were presented. <a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Montoro" title="Cristóbal Montoro">Cristóbal Montoro</a>, the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy,_Industry_and_Competitiveness_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Spain)">Minister of the Treasury</a>, assured that the ballot boxes were not paid for with public money and some media reported they were finally bought by an individual whose identity remains unknown.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Tendering by the Catalan government for materials such as ballot papers and envelopes for a putative regional election in the region were thought by some to be an attempt to covertly organise the referendum.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> On 24 March, the Spanish Public Prosecutor's Office in Catalonia had already announced an inquiry to determine whether a referendum is in the planning.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In terms of its organisation, the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_roll" title="Electoral roll">electoral roll</a> is one of the main points in contention, since this is managed by the National Institute of Statistics, an autonomous organisation placed under the jurisdiction of the government of Spain. To access its data, polls must have been authorised by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Congress">Spanish Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LVdatos-72">[72]</a> Without an undisputed access to the electoral roll, the results may be deemed unreliable. Similar difficulties could be met when it comes to the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral commission">electoral commission</a> to be formed for monitoring the polling and results.<a href="#cite_note-LVdatos-72">[72]</a> By April 2017, the Catalan government had already received 5 judicial notices warning about the criminal liabilities they were exposed to if they continued the preparation of the referendum, as the constitutional court previously declared illegal any official budget allocation.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> An official announcement by the government of Catalonia suggested that Catalan residents overseas willing to vote would have to register. By the end of June 2017, out of 285,000 Catalans living abroad and eligible to vote, 5,000 had registered.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tensions_within_the_Catalan_government">Tensions within the Catalan government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tensions within the Catalan government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2017_Spanish_constitutional_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Spanish constitutional crisis">2017 Spanish constitutional crisis</a></div> On 3 July 2017, President Puigdemont sacked his Minister for Enterprise, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordi_Baiget&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordi Baiget (page does not exist)">Jordi Baiget</a> [<a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordi_Baiget_i_Cantons" class="extiw" title="ca:Jordi Baiget i Cantons">ca</a>; <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordi_Baiget" class="extiw" title="es:Jordi Baiget">es</a>], who, in the face of the legal challenges, had just expressed doubts regarding the referendum taking place as envisioned by the Catalan government.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Then, on 14 July, Puigdemont proceeded with a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_reshuffle" title="Cabinet reshuffle">cabinet reshuffle</a>, replacing three additional ministers in his cabinet (the ones responsible for presidency, education, and interior) in a move widely seen as a removal of the remaining hesitant voices within his cabinet in regards to the referendum issue.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> On 17 July, the chief of the <a href="/wiki/Mossos_d%27Esquadra" title="Mossos d'Esquadra">Catalan police</a>, called Mossos d'Esquadra, resigned without giving any reason. The Catalan police force is seen as key to enforcing any court orders sought by the central government challenging the secession vote.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Additional isolated resignations and dismissals have been noted among some of the high-level civil servants potentially playing a role with the vote's organisation.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20Set_Barcelona_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/20Set_Barcelona_14.jpg/220px-20Set_Barcelona_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/20Set_Barcelona_14.jpg/330px-20Set_Barcelona_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/20Set_Barcelona_14.jpg/440px-20Set_Barcelona_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Protests in Barcelona after <a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain)">Spanish police</a> raided Catalan government buildings, 20 September 2017</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scope">Scope</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scope">edit</a>]</div> When the Spanish Constitutional Court suspended the law on the referendum on 7 September 2017, it forbade several Catalan office holders, the Catalan media, as well as the 948 municipalities of Catalonia to participate in the preparation of the referendum.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The municipalities were instructed to reply within 48 hours whether they intended to comply or not. Out of 726 municipalities that answered, 682 announced that they would support the referendum anyway, 41 announced they would refuse to support it, and three, including the municipality of Barcelona, answered without making their intentions clear.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Un_centenar_de_persones_en_suport_a_la_Gu%C3%A0rdia_Civil_davant_la_caserna_de_Travessera_de_Gr%C3%A0cia_%282017-09-21%29.webm/220px--Un_centenar_de_persones_en_suport_a_la_Gu%C3%A0rdia_Civil_davant_la_caserna_de_Travessera_de_Gr%C3%A0cia_%282017-09-21%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="62" data-mwtitle="Un_centenar_de_persones_en_suport_a_la_Guàrdia_Civil_davant_la_caserna_de_Travessera_de_Gràcia_(2017-09-21).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Un_centenar_de_persones_en_suport_a_la_Gu%C3%A0rdia_Civil_davant_la_caserna_de_Travessera_de_Gr%C3%A0cia_(2017-09-21).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/Un_centenar_de_persones_en_suport_a_la_Gu%C3%A0rdia_Civil_davant_la_caserna_de_Travessera_de_Gr%C3%A0cia_%282017-09-21%29.webm/Un_centenar_de_persones_en_suport_a_la_Gu%C3%A0rdia_Civil_davant_la_caserna_de_Travessera_de_Gr%C3%A0cia_%282017-09-21%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/Un_centenar_de_persones_en_suport_a_la_Gu%C3%A0rdia_Civil_davant_la_caserna_de_Travessera_de_Gr%C3%A0cia_%282017-09-21%29.webm/Un_centenar_de_persones_en_suport_a_la_Gu%C3%A0rdia_Civil_davant_la_caserna_de_Travessera_de_Gr%C3%A0cia_%282017-09-21%29.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Un_centenar_de_persones_en_suport_a_la_Gu%C3%A0rdia_Civil_davant_la_caserna_de_Travessera_de_Gr%C3%A0cia_%282017-09-21%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/Un_centenar_de_persones_en_suport_a_la_Gu%C3%A0rdia_Civil_davant_la_caserna_de_Travessera_de_Gr%C3%A0cia_%282017-09-21%29.webm/Un_centenar_de_persones_en_suport_a_la_Gu%C3%A0rdia_Civil_davant_la_caserna_de_Travessera_de_Gr%C3%A0cia_%282017-09-21%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/Un_centenar_de_persones_en_suport_a_la_Gu%C3%A0rdia_Civil_davant_la_caserna_de_Travessera_de_Gr%C3%A0cia_%282017-09-21%29.webm/Un_centenar_de_persones_en_suport_a_la_Gu%C3%A0rdia_Civil_davant_la_caserna_de_Travessera_de_Gr%C3%A0cia_%282017-09-21%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/Un_centenar_de_persones_en_suport_a_la_Gu%C3%A0rdia_Civil_davant_la_caserna_de_Travessera_de_Gr%C3%A0cia_%282017-09-21%29.webm/Un_centenar_de_persones_en_suport_a_la_Gu%C3%A0rdia_Civil_davant_la_caserna_de_Travessera_de_Gr%C3%A0cia_%282017-09-21%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Around 150 people chanted slogans in favour of the police operation, the unity of Spain and against holding a referendum vote, 21 September 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Against-86">[86]</a></figcaption></figure> Among those that refused to support the referendum, however, there are large population centers,<a href="#cite_note-bloombergsecessionistsfail-87">[87]</a> such as the provincial capitals of <a href="/wiki/Lleida" title="Lleida">Lleida</a> (140,000 inhabitants) and <a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a> (130,000 inhabitants) or the cities of <a href="/wiki/Terrassa" title="Terrassa">Terrassa</a> (215,000 inhabitants) and <a href="/wiki/L%27Hospitalet_de_Llobregat" title="L'Hospitalet de Llobregat">Hospitalet de Llobregat</a> (250,000 inhabitants) governed by <a href="/wiki/Socialists%27_Party_of_Catalonia" title="Socialists' Party of Catalonia">PSC</a> mayors. The mayor of <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ada_Colau" title="Ada Colau">Ada Colau</a>, while refusing to make a statement whether the municipality of Barcelona would provide logistical support to the referendum or not, strongly criticised the "language of testosterone" and the pressure that she said was being exerted on the municipalities. Nevertheless, she announced that she would do anything possible to allow those in Barcelona who wished to vote to do so.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The Catalan government financed advertisement for the referendum in the regional public television and radio, in spite of a legal notice against such actions by the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Catalonia" title="High Court of Justice of Catalonia">High Court of Justice of Catalonia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> No campaign for the No-side was organized, as no party opposing independence participated in the referendum nor wanted to legitimize it. In a few locations, fake posters with the logos of the main opposition parties and asking to vote No were reported.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Police_operation_to_stop_the_referendum">Police operation to stop the referendum</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Police operation to stop the referendum">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catalonia_-_S%C3%AD_flag_v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Catalonia_-_S%C3%AD_flag_v2.svg/220px-Catalonia_-_S%C3%AD_flag_v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Catalonia_-_S%C3%AD_flag_v2.svg/330px-Catalonia_-_S%C3%AD_flag_v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Catalonia_-_S%C3%AD_flag_v2.svg/440px-Catalonia_-_S%C3%AD_flag_v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="354" /></a><figcaption>The Catalan National Assembly's pro-independence "Sí" flag</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Anubis" title="Operation Anubis">Operation Anubis</a></div> On 20 September 2017, following orders of the trial court number 13, the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain)">Spanish Civil Guard</a> started <a href="/wiki/Operation_Anubis" title="Operation Anubis">Operation Anubis</a>. During the first day, the police officers raided different headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Generalitat_de_Catalunya" title="Generalitat de Catalunya">Government of Catalonia</a> and arrested 14 senior officials involved in the preparation of the referendum.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Simultaneously, several printing companies were searched for ballot papers and ballot boxes. Crowds gathered around the regional ministries to support the arrested staff and later on several pro-independence organisations, including the <a href="/wiki/Assemblea_Nacional_Catalana" title="Assemblea Nacional Catalana">Catalan National Assembly</a> (ANC) and <a href="/wiki/%C3%92mnium_Cultural" title="Òmnium Cultural">Òmnium Cultural</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Independent20092017-93">[93]</a> A crowd of more than 40,000 people heeded the call made by Òmnium Cultural and ANC and surrounded the Catalan economy department, preventing the exit of the Civil Guard agents.<a href="#cite_note-ElPais18102017-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Antena306102017-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-Express21092017-96">[96]</a> Demonstrators vandalised three vehicles of the Civil Guard and their occupants were forced to flee into the Economy Department building, a <a href="/wiki/Court_clerk" title="Court clerk">court clerk</a> remained trapped until midnight inside the building and had to flee by the roof, while several agents were trapped throughout the night as demonstrators shouted outside "You won't get out!".<a href="#cite_note-TheTelegraph04102017-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-eldiario22092017.2-100">[100]</a> The damages in the vehicles (3 <a href="/wiki/Nissan_Patrol" title="Nissan Patrol">Nissan Patrol</a>) accounted for €135,632.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The Civil Guard agents cornered into the building made 6 calls for help to the autonomous police force of Catalonia, <a href="/wiki/Mossos_d%27Esquadra" title="Mossos d'Esquadra">Mossos d'Esquadra</a>, which were ignored. The first request for help was at 9:14 am with the subject: "Urgent – Request for support to Mossos".<a href="#cite_note-Antena306102017-95">[95]</a> Both Mossos d'Esquadra Major <a href="/wiki/Josep_Llu%C3%ADs_Trapero_%C3%81lvarez" title="Josep Lluís Trapero Álvarez">Josep Lluís Trapero Álvarez</a> and Barcelona <a href="/wiki/Intendant" title="Intendant">Intendant</a> <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Laplana" title="Teresa Laplana">Teresa Laplana Cocera</a> were charged with sedition because of the role played by the regional police.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Trapero stated that the mossos weren't warned with enough time and that the demonstration was peaceful.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Two Catalan pro-independence leaders <a href="/wiki/Jordi_S%C3%A0nchez_i_Picanyol" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordi Sànchez i Picanyol">Jordi Sànchez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jordi_Cuixart" title="Jordi Cuixart">Jordi Cuixart</a> (Assemblea Nacional Catalana and Òmnium Cultural, respectively) were sent to prison without bail by Spain's National Court. They are being investigated for alleged crimes of sedition for their role in organising these massive protests aimed at hindering the Civil Guard investigation.<a href="#cite_note-Independent16102017-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph16102017-105">[105]</a> On 20 September morning, Jordi Sànchez called for "peaceful resistance" to the police operation through social media.<a href="#cite_note-Independent20092017-93">[93]</a> The investigating judge stated that the leaders did not call for "peaceful demonstration but to the protection of Catalan officials through 'massive citizens' mobilisations"<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph16102017-105">[105]</a> and that Jordi Sànchez, on top of a vehicle, encouraged the demonstrators with expressions such as "no one goes home, it will be a long and intense night".<a href="#cite_note-ElEspañol16102017-106">[106]</a> According to the judge the actions of Sànchez and Cruixat are into the scope of sedition, a <a href="/wiki/Felony" title="Felony">felony</a> regulated by the article 544 and subsequents of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Criminal_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Criminal Code">Spanish Criminal Code</a>:<a href="#cite_note-ElPais18102017-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Conviction for sedition shall befall those who, without being included in the felony of rebellion, public and tumultuously rise up to prevent, by force or outside the legal channels, application of the laws, or any authority, official corporation or public officer from lawful exercise of the duties thereof or implementation of the resolutions thereof, or of administrative or judicial resolutions.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Article 544 of the Spanish Criminal Code.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></cite></div></blockquote> A video uploaded to Twitter shows Cuixart y Sànchez on top of one of the vandalized Guardia civil cars on that night saying "Above all... We ask that you dissolve this demonstration, as best as you can, very calmly, today, in a few minutes". According to the source this happened around 11:00 pm and would contradict one of the arguments used by the investigating judge.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> considered "pre-trial detention" excessive in this case and called for "immediate release" of Jordi Sànchez and Jordi Cuixart.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In the following days, the Spanish Civil Guard and the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_National_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish National Police">Spanish National Police</a> were reinforced with police officers from the rest of Spain, which are expected to reach 16,000 police and military police officers distributed in different Catalan cities on 1 October 2017 and would continue to carry out searches in companies that allegedly had referendum <a href="/wiki/Ballot" title="Ballot">ballots</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ballot_box" title="Ballot box">ballot boxes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> This would spark multiple protest demonstrations all across Catalonia, including <a href="/wiki/Cacerolazo" title="Cacerolazo">cacerolazos</a> during the night.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] Demonstrations "in defense of the right to decide of the Catalans" were held in several cities in Spain, though few people attended.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> On the other hand, demonstrations were held throughout Spain in which thousands of people protested against the referendum<a href="#cite_note-ElConfidencial30092017-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-Levante30092017-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-CadenaSer30092017-115">[115]</a> and the agents were acclaimed by the crowds in numerous cities of Spain when they left for Catalonia.<a href="#cite_note-LaVerdad27092017-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-LaVanguardia25092017-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElMundo26092017-118">[118]</a> A conference named Referendum yes or yes that was going to be held in <a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a> on 15 September was forbidden by the courts after a request from the Spanish government. The speakers, including the pro-independence deputy <a href="/wiki/Anna_Gabriel" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Gabriel">Anna Gabriel</a>, disobeyed the ruling and tried to hold the conference anyway, but the room where it was taking place was evicted by the police five minutes after starting.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> One year later, the same court recognized there were no reasons to suspend the conference.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> In the days previous to the referendum, the Spanish civil guard shut down more than 140 websites following a court order issued by the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Catalonia" title="High Court of Justice of Catalonia">High Court of Justice of Catalonia</a>, including the official one from the Catalan government and the main site of the Catalan civil organization ANC.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> That involved sending requests — and sometimes, directly sending the Guardia Civil — to major Spanish telecom operators offices, domain providers, the <a href="/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3_puntCat" title="Fundació puntCat">dotCat Foundation</a> and Google, in this particular case to remove an app from <a href="/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Google Play</a> that included information on polling stations.<a href="#cite_note-internetsociety-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> This situation was denounced by Internet-related organizations from around the world including <a href="/wiki/Internet_Society" title="Internet Society">Internet Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Progressive_Communications" title="Association for Progressive Communications">APC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">EFF</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Tor_Project,_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tor Project, Inc">The Tor Project</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xnet" title="Xnet">Xnet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-internetsociety-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Administration">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Papeleta_Referendum_2017.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Papeleta_Referendum_2017.png/220px-Papeleta_Referendum_2017.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Papeleta_Referendum_2017.png/330px-Papeleta_Referendum_2017.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Papeleta_Referendum_2017.png/440px-Papeleta_Referendum_2017.png 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="704" /></a><figcaption>Ballot paper that the Catalan government intended to use in the referendum, in <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Castilian Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Aranese Occitan</a>, the three official languages of Catalonia</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan Government">Catalan Government</a> announced it planned to hold the referendum on 1 October 2017. The <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_of_Catalonia" title="Electoral Commission of Catalonia">Electoral Commission of Catalonia</a> was responsible for overseeing the referendum, but it was dissolved on 22 September 2017 after the Constitutional Court announced that otherwise they would be fined between €6,000 and €12,000 per day.<a href="#cite_note-electoral-commission-129">[129]</a> The campaign was planned to last 15 days, spanning from 00:00 on 15 September 2017 to 24:00 on 29 September 2017.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] According to the Catalan government, the following people were entitled to vote in the referendum:<a href="#cite_note-vilaweb-guide-130">[130]</a> <ul><li>Those who have the political condition of <a href="/wiki/Catalans" title="Catalans">Catalan</a>, are 18 years of age or older on the voting day, are not under any of the situations that legally deprive the right to vote and are on the electoral roll.</li> <li>Those Catalans currently residing abroad and who have their last residence in Catalonia, fulfil all the legal requirements, and have formally applied to take part in the voting process.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Question">Question</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Question">edit</a>]</div> The question of the referendum was asked "Do you want Catalonia to become an independent state in the form of a republic?".<a href="#cite_note-vilaweb-guide-130">[130]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Ballot question </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <td>Do you want Catalonia to be an independent state in the form of a republic? </td></tr> <tr> <th>Catalan </th> <td>Voleu que Catalunya sigui un estat independent en forma de república? </td></tr> <tr> <th>Spanish </th> <td>¿Quiere que Cataluña sea un estado independiente en forma de república? </td></tr> <tr> <th>Occitan </th> <td>Voletz que Catalonha vengue un estat independent en forma de republica? </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_observers">International observers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: International observers">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinn_F%C3%A9in_representatives_meeting_Catalan_President_Carles_Puigdemont_ahead_of_the_referendum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Sinn_F%C3%A9in_representatives_meeting_Catalan_President_Carles_Puigdemont_ahead_of_the_referendum.jpg/220px-Sinn_F%C3%A9in_representatives_meeting_Catalan_President_Carles_Puigdemont_ahead_of_the_referendum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Sinn_F%C3%A9in_representatives_meeting_Catalan_President_Carles_Puigdemont_ahead_of_the_referendum.jpg/330px-Sinn_F%C3%A9in_representatives_meeting_Catalan_President_Carles_Puigdemont_ahead_of_the_referendum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Sinn_F%C3%A9in_representatives_meeting_Catalan_President_Carles_Puigdemont_ahead_of_the_referendum.jpg/440px-Sinn_F%C3%A9in_representatives_meeting_Catalan_President_Carles_Puigdemont_ahead_of_the_referendum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> representatives meeting Catalan President Carles Puigdemont ahead of the referendum.</figcaption></figure> The illegal referendum was attended by several international observers who declared that no proper referendum took place in Catalonia. The first accredited international observers, led by The Hague Center for Strategic Studies, were headed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daan_Everts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daan Everts (page does not exist)">Daan Everts</a> and consisted of 20 observers from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, among others. The second international mission, called the International Electoral Expert Research Team, was headed by <a href="/wiki/Helena_Catt" title="Helena Catt">Helena Catt</a> and consisted of 17 observers from the United Kingdom, France, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, among others. There was also a delegation of 33 parliamentarians and politicians, called the International Parliamentary Delegation on Catalonia's Referendum on Self-Determination 1 October 2017, from political parties in <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, France, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, Ireland, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Macedonia">Republic of Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, Spain, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and United Kingdom. Of these international observers, those summoned by Diplocat are not recognised by the UN as such in not recognising this Diplocat as an international observer.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Due to some irregularities and to the actions taken by the national police and civil guard, the international observers, invited by the Generalitat, declared that the referendum results could not be considered valid as the process failed to meet the minimum international standards for elections. They also criticized the police violence.<a href="#cite_note-observadores-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-regulations-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-mediaciones-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre-result_responses">Pre-result responses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pre-result responses">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gure_Esku_Dago_manifestazioa_%22Demokrazia%22_-_Bilbo_2017-09-16_-_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gure_Esku_Dago_manifestazioa_%22Demokrazia%22_-_Bilbo_2017-09-16_-_13.jpg/220px-Gure_Esku_Dago_manifestazioa_%22Demokrazia%22_-_Bilbo_2017-09-16_-_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gure_Esku_Dago_manifestazioa_%22Demokrazia%22_-_Bilbo_2017-09-16_-_13.jpg/330px-Gure_Esku_Dago_manifestazioa_%22Demokrazia%22_-_Bilbo_2017-09-16_-_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gure_Esku_Dago_manifestazioa_%22Demokrazia%22_-_Bilbo_2017-09-16_-_13.jpg/440px-Gure_Esku_Dago_manifestazioa_%22Demokrazia%22_-_Bilbo_2017-09-16_-_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a> in solidarity with the Catalan referendum, 16 September 2017</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic">Domestic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Domestic">edit</a>]</div> In Spain, the upcoming illegal referendum gathered overall little voiced support beyond regional organizations of nationalist ideology, including a few nationalist-controlled regional parliaments: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Autonomous Community</a>: The regional parliament of nationalist majority showed its support for the referendum and criticised the Spanish government's stance on the issue.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Tens of thousands took to the streets of Bilbao at two different dates in September in support of the referendum, with representatives of the nationalist parties, including the mayors of <a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/ETA_(separatist_group)" title="ETA (separatist group)">ETA</a>, classified as a terrorist group by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, issued a statement endorsing the referendum.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/23px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/35px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/45px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Navarre" title="Parliament of Navarre">parliament of Navarre</a>, with the opposition of the constitution-endorsing parties, denounced the Spanish government's de facto "takeover" of the Catalan devolution and what the parliament referred to as a repressive approach.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>: Over 3,000 people marched through the streets of Santiago in Galicia to show their solidarity with the Catalan vote. The demonstration was attended by representatives of the nationalist parties <a href="/wiki/En_Marea" title="En Marea">En Marea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bloque_Nacionalista_Galego" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloque Nacionalista Galego">BNG</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Madrid</a>: The organisation in a public venue of a pro-referendum event led to some strifes due among other things to its depiction of the King in advertising posters. The event eventually relocated to private grounds following <a href="/wiki/Popular_Party_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular Party (Spain)">Spanish Conservatives</a>' complaints and the intervention of a judge.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UN_member_states">UN member states</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: UN member states">edit</a>]</div> Most official country representatives stated that the referendum was an internal matter of Spain and some called for political dialogue: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>: Belgium's Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Charles Michel</a> reaffirmed the government's call for political dialogue in Spain, and condemned any form of violence.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>: Croatian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Andrej Plenković</a> stated that Croatia considered the referendum an internal issue of Spain, while Croatian <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_and_European_Affairs_(Croatia)" title="Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (Croatia)">Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs</a> called for dialogue.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>: In response to a journalist, on 28 September 2017 <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China">foreign ministry</a> spokesman Lu Kang said that the People's Republic of China believes "the issue of Catalonia belongs to the domestic affairs of Spain. We believe that the Spanish central government can properly handle relevant issues and maintain national solidarity, unity and prosperity".<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: On 16 June, President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> stated that he considers the question of Catalan independence to be an internal issue of Spain.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>: On 8 September, <a href="/wiki/Steffen_Seibert" title="Steffen Seibert">Steffen Seibert</a>, the spokesman for Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>, stated that Germany was interested in stability in Spain and that for this it was necessary that the law, including the Spanish constitution, was respected at all levels.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>: On 18 September, government spokesman <a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Kov%C3%A1cs_(politician,_born_1969)" title="Zoltán Kovács (politician, born 1969)">Zoltán Kovács</a> announced that they would "respect the will of the people". At the same time, he called the independence issue an "internal issue of Spain and Catalonia".<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>: Lithuanian President <a href="/wiki/Dalia_Grybauskait%C4%97" title="Dalia Grybauskaitė">Dalia Grybauskaitė</a> said that the referendum on Catalonia's independence did not comply with the Spanish Constitution, but to use force is a failure of the Spanish authorities, expressing optimism that dialogued solutions would be found.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> On 28 September, Minister of Foreign Affairs <a href="/wiki/Linas_Linkevi%C4%8Dius" class="mw-redirect" title="Linas Linkevičius">Linas Linkevičius</a> commented that <a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Baltic states' movement to regain independence from the Soviet Union</a> is not comparable with the situation in Catalonia due to Spain being a democracy that follows the rule of law and urged for a constructive dialogue.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>: Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Santos_Silva" title="Augusto Santos Silva">Augusto Santos Silva</a> declined to comment on the referendum in Catalonia on 27 September, but believed that the Spanish government would be able to resolve the issue, in agreement with the Spanish constitution and law.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> A manifesto signed by Portuguese personalities, including the former <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Portugal)" title="Socialist Party (Portugal)">socialist</a> presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Alegre" title="Manuel Alegre">Manuel Alegre</a> and the former leader of the <a href="/wiki/Left_Bloc_(Portugal)" title="Left Bloc (Portugal)">Left Bloc</a> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Lou%C3%A7%C3%A3" title="Francisco Louçã">Francisco Louçã</a>, appealed to a "negotiated political solution" to the political situation in Catalonia.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a>: The head of the international affairs committee at Russia's upper house <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Kosachev" title="Konstantin Kosachev">Konstantin Kosachev</a> called on the Spanish government to lead a dialogue, compared it with the Ukrainian situation and stated "A state should be talking to its citizens, should reach accord. Like we are doing in Russia."<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>: Minister of Foreign Affairs <a href="/wiki/Ivica_Da%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Ivica Dačić">Ivica Dačić</a>, in an interview with <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>, stated that Catalonia wants to repeat the example of <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, by declaring unilateral independence without any agreement from Madrid.<a href="#cite_note-Dačić-154">[154]</a> He stated that Serbia cannot accept such a model and that it is not a political issue but a problem of international law.<a href="#cite_note-Dačić-154">[154]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: Foreign Secretary, and future Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> described the referendum as an internal issue for Spain, saying "Spain is a close ally and a good friend, whose strength and unity matters to the UK", while also insisting rule of law be upheld.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: On 13 April, the embassy in Madrid stated that the U.S. sees the question of Catalan independence as an internal issue of Spain.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> On 26 September, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, during his meeting with <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a>, said that "Spain is a great country and it should remain united",<a href="#cite_note-:1-157">[157]</a> and expressed his doubts on whether a referendum would be held.<a href="#cite_note-:1-157">[157]</a> Earlier that month, the State Department spokeswoman <a href="/wiki/Heather_Nauert" title="Heather Nauert">Heather Nauert</a> also considered the referendum an internal affair of Spain.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_political_parties,_groups_and_sub-national_governments">Other political parties, groups and sub-national governments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other political parties, groups and sub-national governments">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/UK_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Labour Party">UK Labour Party</a>, issued a statement condemning the violence in Catalonia and called on the British government to appeal to the Spanish government to find a political solution.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>: On 16 September, <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Hyslop" title="Fiona Hyslop">Fiona Hyslop</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a> Cabinet Secretary for External Affairs, among other things said that all peoples have the right to <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> and to choose the form of government best suited to their needs."<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>: First Minister <a href="/wiki/Carwyn_Jones" title="Carwyn Jones">Carwyn Jones</a> of <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Welsh Labour</a> talked of "violence replacing democracy and dialogue",<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> while leader of <a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> <a href="/wiki/Leanne_Wood" title="Leanne Wood">Leanne Wood</a> criticised this position describing violence as "not on both sides".<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>: A group of 17 <a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Danish MPs</a> from seven parties criticised the growing tensions in the weeks before the referendum and called on the Spanish government to play a constructive role and encourage political dialogue.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Parliament">European Union Parliament</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Gysi" title="Gregor Gysi">Gregor Gysi</a>, the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_European_Left" title="Party of the European Left">Party of the European Left</a>, condemned the arrests by the Guardia Civil in the run-up to the referendum and called for a political solution to the problem.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Salvini" title="Matteo Salvini">Matteo Salvini</a> expressed his solidarity to the Catalan people after the arrests of 14 Catalan government officials;<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> however, he also kept distance from the Catalan referendum calling it "a stretch" against the Spanish law.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Sardinia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sardinia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Sardinia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sardinia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Sardinia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sardinia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>: The regional government expressed its support and solidarity to the Catalan community through a specific resolution approved by the regional council, and offered to print ballots for the referendum and to guard them.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> On 25 October, the Sardinian council issued a new resolution condemning the use of violence and supporting the right to choose any political option, including self-determination.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>: On 20 September, the Minister-President of the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flemish Region</a> <a href="/wiki/Geert_Bourgeois" title="Geert Bourgeois">Geert Bourgeois</a> urged the Spanish government to go into dialogue with the Catalan government or resort to international mediation.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>: On 27 September, a group of MPs from all parties of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland)">Council of States</a> sent a letter to the Spanish government supporting the Catalan referendum and condemning the arrests of people and seizure of voting material.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/23px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/35px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/45px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Rojava</a>: On 29 September, <a href="/wiki/TEV-DEM" class="mw-redirect" title="TEV-DEM">TEV-DEM</a> declared their support for the referendum.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>: Speaker of the National Assembly <a href="/wiki/Milan_Brglez" title="Milan Brglez">Milan Brglez</a> stated that the "Catalans have the right to self-determination".<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_organizations_and_institutions">International organizations and institutions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: International organizations and institutions">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>: On 7 September, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tajani" title="Antonio Tajani">Antonio Tajani</a>, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President of the European Parliament</a>, stated in a letter to Spanish <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP</a> <a href="/wiki/Beatriz_Becerra" title="Beatriz Becerra">Beatriz Becerra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Union,_Progress_and_Democracy" title="Union, Progress and Democracy">UPyD</a>) that the constitutional order of each EU member state needed to be respected at all times. He also stated that if a territory would secede from an EU member state, it would become a third country with respect to the EU and the <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">EU treaties</a> would no longer apply there.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>On 14 September, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the European Commission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a>, said that the EU "would follow and respect the rulings of the Spanish constitutional court and parliament".<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Further, while the EU would respect the choice if a "yes" for Catalan independence were to come to pass, Juncker stated that Catalonia could not become an EU member the day after the vote.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a></dd> <dd>On 2 October, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> released a statement on its webpage declaring the referendum illegal.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_Council_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Council_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_Council_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Council_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_Council_of_Europe.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Council_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="410" /> <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>: The Council of Europe, when consulted by <a href="/wiki/Carles_Puigdemont" title="Carles Puigdemont">Carles Puigdemont</a>, said that any referendum must be carried out "in full compliance with the constitution".<a href="#cite_note-economist-181">[181]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>: The UN has refused to participate in the <a href="/wiki/Election_monitoring" title="Election monitoring">monitoring</a> of the referendum.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinion_polls">Opinion polls</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Opinion polls">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_1_October_2017_referendum">On 1 October 2017 referendum</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: On 1 October 2017 referendum">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catalan_referendum_Oct_1_2017_Angeleta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Catalan_referendum_Oct_1_2017_Angeleta.jpg/220px-Catalan_referendum_Oct_1_2017_Angeleta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Catalan_referendum_Oct_1_2017_Angeleta.jpg/330px-Catalan_referendum_Oct_1_2017_Angeleta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Catalan_referendum_Oct_1_2017_Angeleta.jpg/440px-Catalan_referendum_Oct_1_2017_Angeleta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption>Queues of voters at polling stations for the referendum</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Refer%C3%A8ndum_1-O,_Barcelona_-_Guinard%C3%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Refer%C3%A8ndum_1-O%2C_Barcelona_-_Guinard%C3%B3.jpg/220px-Refer%C3%A8ndum_1-O%2C_Barcelona_-_Guinard%C3%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Refer%C3%A8ndum_1-O%2C_Barcelona_-_Guinard%C3%B3.jpg/330px-Refer%C3%A8ndum_1-O%2C_Barcelona_-_Guinard%C3%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Refer%C3%A8ndum_1-O%2C_Barcelona_-_Guinard%C3%B3.jpg/440px-Refer%C3%A8ndum_1-O%2C_Barcelona_-_Guinard%C3%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>A person voting in <a href="/wiki/Guinard%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinardó">Guinardó</a>, Barcelona</figcaption></figure> Pollsters generally started using the proposed referendum question ("Do you want Catalonia to be an independent state in the form of a republic?") after it was revealed in early June 2017.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> The Centre for Opinion Studies (Centre d'Estudis d'Opinió, CEO) polled respondents on their intentions rather than asking them the actual referendum question. In its March 2017 poll, aside from asking respondents whether they would want Catalonia to become an independent state, it asked their intents in the event of a referendum on the independence of Catalonia being called and organised by the Government of Catalonia without agreement from the Spanish Government. In a July 2017 poll a similar question was proposed, with the difference that it asked about the actual 1 October referendum. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Total">Total</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Total">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:14px;"> <tbody><tr style="height:42px; background:#e9e9e9;"> <th style="width:230px;" rowspan="2">Polling firm/Commissioner </th> <th style="width:120px;" rowspan="2">Fieldwork date </th> <th style="width:50px;" rowspan="2">Sample size </th> <th style="width:50px;">Yes </th> <th style="width:50px;">No </th> <th style="width:50px;">Other/ Abst. </th> <th style="width:50px;" rowspan="2"><img alt="Question" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg/20px-Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg/30px-Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg/40px-Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />? </th> <th style="width:30px;" rowspan="2">Lead </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#008142;"> </th> <th style="background:#DC241F;"> </th> <th style="background:gray;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Opinòmetre/Ara<a href="#cite_note-AraSep17-184">[p 1]</a> </td> <td>16 Sep 2017 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">44.1 </td> <td>38.1 </td> <td>3.9 </td> <td>13.9 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">6.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>NC Report/La Razón<a href="#cite_note-185">[p 2]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[p 3]</a> </td> <td>1–8 Aug 2017 </td> <td>800 </td> <td>41.5 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">48.6 </td> <td>– </td> <td>9.9 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">7.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opinòmetre/Ara<a href="#cite_note-AraJul17-187">[p 4]</a> </td> <td>17–20 Jul 2017 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">41.9 </td> <td>37.8 </td> <td>4.2 </td> <td>16.1 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">4.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/CEO<a href="#cite_note-CEOJul17-188">[p 5]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[p 6]</a> </td> <td>26 Jun–11 Jul 2017 </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">39.0 </td> <td>23.5 </td> <td>23.0 </td> <td>14.5 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">15.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>NC Report/La Razón<a href="#cite_note-190">[p 7]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[p 8]</a> </td> <td>29 Jun–1 Jul 2017 </td> <td>800 </td> <td>44.0 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">48.6 </td> <td>– </td> <td>7.4 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">4.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>GAD3/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-192">[p 9]</a> </td> <td>23–29 Jun 2017 </td> <td>? </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">42.5 </td> <td>37.6 </td> <td>10.2 </td> <td>9.7 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">4.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>DYM/El Confidencial<a href="#cite_note-DYMJun17-193">[p 10]</a> </td> <td>22–28 Jun 2017 </td> <td>531 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">47.0 </td> <td>44.4 </td> <td>– </td> <td>8.6 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">2.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opinòmetre/Ara<a href="#cite_note-AraJun17-194">[p 11]</a> </td> <td>12–15 Jun 2017 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">42.3 </td> <td>38.9 </td> <td>6.0 </td> <td>12.8 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">3.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/CEO<a href="#cite_note-CEOMar17-195">[p 12]</a> </td> <td>6–21 Mar 2017 </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">43.3 </td> <td>22.2 </td> <td>28.6 </td> <td>5.9 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">21.1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Certain_to_vote">Certain to vote</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Certain to vote">edit</a>]</div> (Note: voters who were not willing to vote were primarily those opposed to independence and/or a referendum being held, so support for independence among those who were certain to vote was expected to be high.)<a href="#cite_note-auto-31">[31]</a> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:14px;"> <tbody><tr style="height:42px; background:#e9e9e9;"> <th style="width:230px;" rowspan="2">Polling firm/Commissioner </th> <th style="width:120px;" rowspan="2">Fieldwork date </th> <th style="width:50px;" rowspan="2">Sample size </th> <th style="width:45px;" rowspan="2">Turnout </th> <th style="width:50px;">Yes </th> <th style="width:50px;">No </th> <th style="width:50px;" rowspan="2"><img alt="Question" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg/20px-Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg/30px-Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg/40px-Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />? </th> <th style="width:30px;" rowspan="2">Lead </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#008142;"> </th> <th style="background:#DC241F;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td>The National<a href="#cite_note-196">[p 13]</a> </td> <td>30 Sep 2017 </td> <td>3,300 </td> <td>62 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">83.0 </td> <td>16.0 </td> <td>2.0 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">67.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opinòmetre/Ara<a href="#cite_note-AraSep17-184">[p 1]</a> </td> <td>16 Sep 2017 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>51.0 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">69.9 </td> <td>14.3 </td> <td>15.8 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">55.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Celeste-Tel/eldiario.es<a href="#cite_note-197">[p 14]</a> </td> <td>12–15 Sep 2017 </td> <td>800 </td> <td>59.9 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">59.5 </td> <td>30.7 </td> <td>9.8 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">28.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sociométrica/El Español<a href="#cite_note-198">[p 15]</a> </td> <td>28 Aug–1 Sep 2017 </td> <td>700 </td> <td>50 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">72.0 </td> <td>28.0 </td> <td>– </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">44.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opinòmetre/Ara<a href="#cite_note-AraJul17-187">[p 4]</a> </td> <td>17–20 Jul 2017 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>54.9 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">66.5 </td> <td>18.5 </td> <td>15.0 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">48.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/CEO<a href="#cite_note-CEOJul17-188">[p 5]</a> </td> <td>26 Jun–11 Jul 2017 </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td>67.5 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">57.8 </td> <td>34.8 </td> <td>7.4 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">23.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>DYM/El Confidencial<a href="#cite_note-DYMJun17-193">[p 10]</a> </td> <td>22–28 Jun 2017 </td> <td>531 </td> <td>70.1 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">65.4 </td> <td>28.4 </td> <td>6.2 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">37.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opinòmetre/Ara<a href="#cite_note-AraJun17-194">[p 11]</a> </td> <td>12–15 Jun 2017 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>54.9 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">67.0 </td> <td>19.0 </td> <td>14.0 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">48.0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_the_independence_issue">On the independence issue</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: On the independence issue">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:14px;"> <tbody><tr style="height:42px; background:#e9e9e9;"> <th style="width:230px;" rowspan="2">Polling firm/Commissioner </th> <th style="width:120px;" rowspan="2">Fieldwork date </th> <th style="width:50px;" rowspan="2">Sample size </th> <th style="width:50px;">Yes </th> <th style="width:50px;">No </th> <th style="width:50px;">Other/ Abst. </th> <th style="width:50px;" rowspan="2"><img alt="Question" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg/20px-Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg/30px-Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg/40px-Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />? </th> <th style="width:30px;" rowspan="2">Lead </th> <th style="width:50px;" rowspan="2">Question </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#008142;"> </th> <th style="background:#DC241F;"> </th> <th style="background:gray;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Sociométrica/El Español<a href="#cite_note-199">[p 16]</a> </td> <td>28 Aug–1 Sep 2017 </td> <td>700 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">50.1 </td> <td>45.7 </td> <td>– </td> <td>4.2 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">4.4 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn2-200">[I]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/CEO<a href="#cite_note-CEOJul17-188">[p 5]</a> </td> <td>26 Jun–11 Jul 2017 </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td>41.1 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">49.4 </td> <td>– </td> <td>9.5 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">8.3 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GAD3/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-202">[p 17]</a> </td> <td>7–12 Apr 2017 </td> <td>601 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">41.9 </td> <td>39.7 </td> <td>9.1 </td> <td>9.3 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">2.2 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn4-203">[III]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/CEO<a href="#cite_note-CEOMar17-195">[p 12]</a> </td> <td>6–21 Mar 2017 </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td>44.3 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">48.5 </td> <td>– </td> <td>7.2 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">4.2 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GAD3/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-GAD3Jan17-204">[p 18]</a> </td> <td>2–5 Jan 2017 </td> <td>601 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">42.3 </td> <td>41.9 </td> <td>5.9 </td> <td>9.9 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">0.4 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn4-203">[III]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NC Report/La Razón<a href="#cite_note-NCDec16a-205">[p 19]</a><a href="#cite_note-NCDec16b-206">[p 20]</a> </td> <td>16–23 Dec 2016 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>44.8 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">47.2 </td> <td>– </td> <td>8.0 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">2.4 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn5-207">[IV]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DYM/CEO<a href="#cite_note-208">[p 21]</a> </td> <td>12–17 Dec 2016 </td> <td>1,047 </td> <td>45.3 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">46.8 </td> <td>– </td> <td>7.8 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">1.5 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/El Periódico<a href="#cite_note-GESOPDec16-209">[p 22]</a> </td> <td>12–14 Dec 2016 </td> <td>800 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">48.9 </td> <td>40.3 </td> <td>2.4 </td> <td>8.5 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">8.6 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn6-210">[V]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opinòmetre/CEO<a href="#cite_note-211">[p 23]</a> </td> <td>17 Oct–3 Nov 2016 </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td>44.9 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">45.1 </td> <td>– </td> <td>9.9 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">0.2 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/ICPS<a href="#cite_note-212">[p 24]</a> </td> <td>26 Sep–17 Oct 2016 </td> <td>1,200 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">46.6 </td> <td>33.8 </td> <td>15.0 </td> <td>4.7 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">10.2 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn7-213">[VI]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NC Report/La Razón<a href="#cite_note-NCAug16-214">[p 25]</a> </td> <td>2–6 Aug 2016 </td> <td>1,255 </td> <td>41.3 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">43.2 </td> <td>– </td> <td>15.5 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">1.9 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn8-215">[VII]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opinòmetre/CEO<a href="#cite_note-216">[p 26]</a> </td> <td>28 Jun–13 Jul 2016 </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">47.7 </td> <td>42.4 </td> <td>– </td> <td>10.0 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">5.3 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GAD3/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-GAD3Jun16-217">[p 27]</a> </td> <td>13–16 Jun 2016 </td> <td>800 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">48.4 </td> <td>35.3 </td> <td>7.7 </td> <td>8.6 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">13.1 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn4-203">[III]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opinòmetre/CEO<a href="#cite_note-218">[p 28]</a> </td> <td>22 Feb–8 Mar 2016 </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td>45.3 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">45.5 </td> <td>– </td> <td>9.2 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">0.2 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NC Report/La Razón<a href="#cite_note-NCDec15a-219">[p 29]</a><a href="#cite_note-NCDec15b-220">[p 30]</a> </td> <td>28–31 Dec 2015 </td> <td>1,255 </td> <td>44.1 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">49.7 </td> <td>– </td> <td>6.2 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">5.6 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn9-221">[VIII]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DYM/El Confidencial<a href="#cite_note-DYMDec15-222">[p 31]</a> </td> <td>30 Nov–3 Dec 2015 </td> <td>504 </td> <td>37.0 </td> <td style="background:#FBB7B7;">54.0 </td> <td>– </td> <td>9.0 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">17.0 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn20-223">[IX]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FNov15-224">[p 32]</a> </td> <td>20–27 Nov 2015 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>45.5 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">48.7 </td> <td>– </td> <td>5.2 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">3.2 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn21-225">[X]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/CEO<a href="#cite_note-226">[p 33]</a> </td> <td>16–23 Nov 2015 </td> <td>1,050 </td> <td>46.6 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">48.2 </td> <td>– </td> <td>5.2 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">1.6 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opinòmetre/CEO<a href="#cite_note-227">[p 34]</a> </td> <td>5–27 Oct 2015 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td>46.7 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">47.8 </td> <td>– </td> <td>5.6 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">1.1 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/2015_Catalan_regional_election" title="2015 Catalan regional election">2015 Catalan regional election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FSep15-228">[p 35]</a> </td> <td>14–17 Sep 2015 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>45.2 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">45.9 </td> <td>– </td> <td>8.9 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">0.7 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn21-225">[X]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Metroscopia/El País<a href="#cite_note-229">[p 36]</a> </td> <td>14–16 Sep 2015 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td>45.0 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">46.0 </td> <td>– </td> <td>9.0 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">1.0 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn22-230">[XI]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DYM/El Confidencial<a href="#cite_note-231">[p 37]</a> </td> <td>14–16 Sep 2015 </td> <td>1,157 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">50.0 </td> <td>42.0 </td> <td>– </td> <td>8.0 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">8.0 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn20-223">[IX]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sigma Dos/El Mundo<a href="#cite_note-232">[p 38]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[p 39]</a> </td> <td>31 Aug–3 Sep 2015 </td> <td>1,400 </td> <td>44.4 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">46.2 </td> <td>– </td> <td>9.4 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">1.8 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn23-234">[XII]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FJul15-235">[p 40]</a> </td> <td>6–9 Jul 2015 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>44.5 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">48.4 </td> <td>– </td> <td>7.1 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">3.9 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn24-236">[XIII]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opinòmetre/CEO<a href="#cite_note-237">[p 41]</a> </td> <td>2–24 Jun 2015 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td>42.9 </td> <td style="background:#FBB7B7;">50.0 </td> <td>– </td> <td>7.1 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">7.1 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FApr15-238">[p 42]</a> </td> <td>27–29 Apr 2015 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>43.7 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">47.9 </td> <td>– </td> <td>8.3 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">4.2 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn24-236">[XIII]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opinòmetre/CEO<a href="#cite_note-239">[p 43]</a> </td> <td>9 Feb–2 Mar 2015 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td>44.1 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">48.0 </td> <td>– </td> <td>7.8 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">3.9 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DYM/CEO<a href="#cite_note-240">[p 44]</a> </td> <td>9–13 Dec 2014 </td> <td>1,100 </td> <td>44.5 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">45.3 </td> <td>– </td> <td>10.3 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">0.8 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/ICPS<a href="#cite_note-241">[p 45]</a> </td> <td>12 Nov–6 Dec 2014 </td> <td>1,200 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">49.9 </td> <td>27.4 </td> <td>18.8 </td> <td>4.1 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">22.5 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn7-213">[VI]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FDec14-242">[p 46]</a> </td> <td>1–4 Dec 2014 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">47.4 </td> <td>42.9 </td> <td>– </td> <td>9.7 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">4.5 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn24-236">[XIII]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sigma Dos/El Mundo<a href="#cite_note-243">[p 47]</a> </td> <td>17–20 Nov 2014 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>35.7 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">44.7 </td> <td>9.6 </td> <td>10.0 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">9.0 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/2014_Catalan_self-determination_referendum" title="2014 Catalan self-determination referendum">2014 Catalan self-determination referendum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/8tv<a href="#cite_note-244">[p 48]</a> </td> <td>30 Oct 2014 </td> <td>1,600 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">46.2 </td> <td>38.0 </td> <td>– </td> <td>15.8 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">8.2 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opinòmetre/CEO<a href="#cite_note-245">[p 49]</a> </td> <td>29 Sep–23 Oct 2014 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">49.4 </td> <td>32.3 </td> <td>8.4 </td> <td>10.0 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">17.1 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sigma Dos/El Mundo<a href="#cite_note-246">[p 50]</a> </td> <td>26–29 Aug 2014 </td> <td>? </td> <td>34.0 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">39.5 </td> <td>– </td> <td>19.2 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">5.5 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FMay14-247">[p 51]</a> </td> <td>30 Apr–8 May 2014 </td> <td>577 </td> <td>43.4 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">43.5 </td> <td>– </td> <td>13.4 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">0.1 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opinòmetre/CEO<a href="#cite_note-248">[p 52]</a> </td> <td>24 Mar–15 Apr 2014 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">47.2 </td> <td>27.9 </td> <td>12.4 </td> <td>12.6 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">19.3 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/El Periódico<a href="#cite_note-249">[p 53]</a> </td> <td>26–28 Feb 2014 </td> <td>800 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">46.1 </td> <td>36.3 </td> <td>– </td> <td>17.6 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">9.8 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/El Periódico<a href="#cite_note-GESOPDec13-250">[p 54]</a> </td> <td>12–13 Dec 2013 </td> <td>800 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">44.1 </td> <td>36.2 </td> <td>– </td> <td>19.7 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">7.9 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FNov13-251">[p 55]</a> </td> <td>16–19 Nov 2013 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>44.9 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">45.0 </td> <td>– </td> <td>10.1 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">0.1 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn3-201">[II]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/CEO<a href="#cite_note-252">[p 56]</a> </td> <td>4–14 Nov 2013 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">54.7 </td> <td>22.1 </td> <td>17.0 </td> <td>6.3 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">32.6 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn7-213">[VI]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/El Periódico<a href="#cite_note-253">[p 57]</a> </td> <td>16–18 Oct 2013 </td> <td>800 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">53.3 </td> <td>41.5 </td> <td>– </td> <td>5.3 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">11.8 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn25-254">[XIV]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/ICPS<a href="#cite_note-255">[p 58]</a> </td> <td>25 Sep–10 Oct 2013 </td> <td>800 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">48.6 </td> <td>25.2 </td> <td>21.9 </td> <td>4.3 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">23.4 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn7-213">[VI]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/CEO<a href="#cite_note-256">[p 59]</a> </td> <td>31 May–13 Jun 2013 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">55.6 </td> <td>23.4 </td> <td>15.9 </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">32.2 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn7-213">[VI]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/El Periódico<a href="#cite_note-GESOPMay13-257">[p 60]</a> </td> <td>28–31 May 2013 </td> <td>800 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">57.8 </td> <td>36.0 </td> <td>– </td> <td>6.3 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">21.8 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn25-254">[XIV]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/CEO<a href="#cite_note-258">[p 61]</a> </td> <td>4–14 Feb 2013 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">54.7 </td> <td>20.7 </td> <td>18.1 </td> <td>6.4 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">34.0 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn7-213">[VI]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/El Periódico<a href="#cite_note-GESOPJan13-259">[p 62]</a> </td> <td>14–16 Jan 2013 </td> <td>800 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">56.9 </td> <td>35.0 </td> <td>– </td> <td>8.2 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">21.9 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn25-254">[XIV]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/ICPS<a href="#cite_note-260">[p 63]</a> </td> <td>27 Nov–20 Dec 2012 </td> <td>1,200 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">49.2 </td> <td>29.2 </td> <td>15.1 </td> <td>6.5 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">20.0 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn7-213">[VI]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/2012_Catalan_regional_election" title="2012 Catalan regional election">2012 Catalan regional election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FNov12-2-261">[p 64]</a> </td> <td>12–16 Nov 2012 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">47.5 </td> <td>40.2 </td> <td>– </td> <td>10.1 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">7.3 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn26-262">[XV]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FNov12-1-263">[p 65]</a> </td> <td>6–9 Nov 2012 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">47.9 </td> <td>39.9 </td> <td>– </td> <td>10.2 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">8.0 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn26-262">[XV]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DYM/CEO<a href="#cite_note-264">[p 66]</a> </td> <td>22–30 Oct 2012 </td> <td>2,500 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">57.0 </td> <td>20.5 </td> <td>14.9 </td> <td>7.7 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">36.5 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn7-213">[VI]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FOct12-2-265">[p 67]</a> </td> <td>22–26 Oct 2012 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">52.8 </td> <td>35.4 </td> <td>– </td> <td>9.7 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">17.4 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn26-262">[XV]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FOct12-1-266">[p 68]</a> </td> <td>8–11 Oct 2012 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">54.3 </td> <td>33.1 </td> <td>– </td> <td>10.1 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">21.2 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn26-262">[XV]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FSep12-267">[p 69]</a> </td> <td>21–27 Sep 2012 </td> <td>1,200 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">54.8 </td> <td>33.5 </td> <td>– </td> <td>10.2 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">21.3 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn26-262">[XV]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DYM/CEO<a href="#cite_note-268">[p 70]</a> </td> <td>4–18 Jun 2012 </td> <td>2,500 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">51.1 </td> <td>21.1 </td> <td>22.1 </td> <td>5.8 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">30.0 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn7-213">[VI]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DYM/CEO<a href="#cite_note-269">[p 71]</a> </td> <td>6–21 Feb 2012 </td> <td>2,500 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">44.6 </td> <td>24.7 </td> <td>25.2 </td> <td>5.5 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">19.9 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn7-213">[VI]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/ICPS<a href="#cite_note-270">[p 72]</a> </td> <td>19 Sep–27 Oct 2011 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">43.7 </td> <td>25.1 </td> <td>23.2 </td> <td>8.0 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">18.6 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn7-213">[VI]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/CEO<a href="#cite_note-271">[p 73]</a> </td> <td>29 Sep–13 Oct 2011 </td> <td>2,500 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">45.4 </td> <td>24.7 </td> <td>24.4 </td> <td>5.6 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">20.7 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn7-213">[VI]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/CEO<a href="#cite_note-272">[p 74]</a> </td> <td>2–17 Jun 2011 </td> <td>2,500 </td> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">42.9 </td> <td>28.2 </td> <td>23.8 </td> <td>5.2 </td> <td style="background:#008142; color:white;">14.7 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn7-213">[VI]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Noxa/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-273">[p 75]</a> </td> <td>1–2 Sep 2010 </td> <td>800 </td> <td>40.0 </td> <td style="background:#FDDEDE;">45.0 </td> <td>10.0 </td> <td>5.0 </td> <td style="background:#DC241F; color:white;">5.0 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fn27-274">[XVI]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-upper-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fn2-200"><a href="#cite_ref-fn2_200-0">^</a> "Would you prefer your community being an independent state?" </li> <li id="cite_note-fn3-201">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_201-19">t</a> "Do you want Catalonia to become an independent state?" </li> <li id="cite_note-fn4-203">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn4_203-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn4_203-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn4_203-2">c</a> "If a legal referendum on the independence of Catalonia was held, what do you think your vote would be?" </li> <li id="cite_note-fn5-207"><a href="#cite_ref-fn5_207-0">^</a> "What would you vote in a referendum on the independence of Catalonia?" </li> <li id="cite_note-fn6-210"><a href="#cite_ref-fn6_210-0">^</a> "If you went out to vote, would you vote Yes or No to independence?" </li> <li id="cite_note-fn7-213">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn7_213-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn7_213-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn7_213-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn7_213-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn7_213-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn7_213-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn7_213-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn7_213-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn7_213-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn7_213-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn7_213-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn7_213-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn7_213-12">m</a> "If tomorrow a referendum on the independence of Catalonia was held, what would you do?" </li> <li id="cite_note-fn8-215"><a href="#cite_ref-fn8_215-0">^</a> "Do you declare yourself independentist?" </li> <li id="cite_note-fn9-221"><a href="#cite_ref-fn9_221-0">^</a> "Do you favour Catalonia's independence?" </li> <li id="cite_note-fn20-223">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn20_223-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn20_223-1">b</a> "Do you think Catalonia should separate from Spain and become an independent state?" </li> <li id="cite_note-fn21-225">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn21_225-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn21_225-1">b</a> "If a legal referendum was held, do you think you would vote For or Against Catalonia becoming an independent state?" </li> <li id="cite_note-fn22-230"><a href="#cite_ref-fn22_230-0">^</a> "If a negotiated and fully legal referendum on the independence of Catalonia was held, what would be your likeliest vote?" </li> <li id="cite_note-fn23-234"><a href="#cite_ref-fn23_234-0">^</a> "Do you support Catalonia going independent?" </li> <li id="cite_note-fn24-236">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn24_236-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn24_236-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn24_236-2">c</a> "If a referendum on the independence of Catalonia was held, what do you think your vote would be?" </li> <li id="cite_note-fn25-254">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn25_254-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn25_254-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn25_254-2">c</a> "Would you agree on Catalonia separating itself from Spain and becoming a new state within the EU?" </li> <li id="cite_note-fn26-262">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn26_262-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn26_262-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn26_262-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn26_262-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn26_262-4">e</a> "If a referendum on the independence of Catalonia was held, what would you vote?" </li> <li id="cite_note-fn27-274"><a href="#cite_ref-fn27_274-0">^</a> "If tomorrow a referendum on the independence of Catalonia was held, what would you vote?" </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_whether_a_referendum_should_be_held">On whether a referendum should be held</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: On whether a referendum should be held">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:14px;"> <tbody><tr style="height:42px; background:#e9e9e9;"> <th style="width:230px;" rowspan="2">Polling firm/Commissioner </th> <th style="width:120px;" rowspan="2">Fieldwork date </th> <th style="width:50px;" rowspan="2">Sample size </th> <th style="width:50px;">Yes </th> <th style="width:50px;">No </th> <th style="width:50px;" rowspan="2"><img alt="Question" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg/20px-Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg/30px-Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg/40px-Blue_question_mark_%28italic%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />? </th> <th rowspan="2">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#008142;"> </th> <th style="background:#DC241F;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Metroscopia/El País<a href="#cite_note-275">[p 76]</a> </td> <td>18–21 Sep 2017 </td> <td>2,200 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">82.0 </td> <td>16.0 </td> <td>2.0 </td> <td>On a legal referendum as the best solution </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/El Periódico<a href="#cite_note-276">[p 77]</a> </td> <td>19–22 Feb 2017 </td> <td>? </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">71.9 </td> <td>26.1 </td> <td>2.0 </td> <td>On the State allowing a referendum </td></tr> <tr> <td>GAD3/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-GAD3Jan17-204">[p 18]</a> </td> <td>13–16 Jun 2016 </td> <td>800 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">76.6 </td> <td>19.7 </td> <td>3.6 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NC Report/La Razón<a href="#cite_note-NCDec16a-205">[p 19]</a><a href="#cite_note-NCDec16b-206">[p 20]</a> </td> <td>16–23 Dec 2016 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">51.1 </td> <td>40.7 </td> <td>8.2 </td> <td>On holding a <a href="/wiki/2014_Catalan_self-determination_referendum" title="2014 Catalan self-determination referendum">9N</a>-style referendum </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">GESOP/El Periódico<a href="#cite_note-GESOPDec16-209">[p 22]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">12–14 Dec 2016 </td> <td rowspan="2">800 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">84.6 </td> <td>13.8 </td> <td>1.6 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DEFDDE;">49.6 </td> <td>48.8 </td> <td>1.6 </td> <td>On holding a not legal referendum </td></tr> <tr> <td>NC Report/La Razón<a href="#cite_note-NCAug16-214">[p 25]</a> </td> <td>2–6 Aug 2016 </td> <td>1,255 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">52.0 </td> <td>35.1 </td> <td>12.9 </td> <td>On agreeing a referendum with the State </td></tr> <tr> <td>GAD3/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-GAD3Jun16-217">[p 27]</a> </td> <td>13–16 Jun 2016 </td> <td>800 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">75.7 </td> <td>20.6 </td> <td>3.7 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DYM/El Confidencial<a href="#cite_note-DYMDec15-222">[p 31]</a> </td> <td>30 Nov–3 Dec 2015 </td> <td>504 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">69.0 </td> <td>26.0 </td> <td>5.0 </td> <td>On the need of holding a referendum </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FNov15-224">[p 32]</a> </td> <td>20–27 Nov 2015 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">78.8 </td> <td>19.9 </td> <td>1.3 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FSep15-228">[p 35]</a> </td> <td>14–17 Sep 2015 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">79.2 </td> <td>18.6 </td> <td>2.2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FJul15-235">[p 40]</a> </td> <td>6–9 Jul 2015 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">79.8 </td> <td>19.4 </td> <td>0.8 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FApr15-238">[p 42]</a> </td> <td>27–29 Apr 2015 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">79.1 </td> <td>19.4 </td> <td>1.5 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FDec14-242">[p 46]</a> </td> <td>1–4 Dec 2014 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">83.9 </td> <td>14.5 </td> <td>1.6 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NC Report/La Razón<a href="#cite_note-277">[p 78]</a> </td> <td>13–15 Nov 2014 </td> <td>? </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">54.3 </td> <td>39.9 </td> <td>5.8 </td> <td>On holding an agreed referendum </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FMay14-247">[p 51]</a> </td> <td>30 Apr–8 May 2014 </td> <td>577 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">74.0 </td> <td>24.6 </td> <td>1.4 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/El Periódico<a href="#cite_note-GESOPDec13-250">[p 54]</a> </td> <td>12–13 Dec 2013 </td> <td>800 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">73.6 </td> <td>20.0 </td> <td>6.4 </td> <td>On the State authorising the <a href="/wiki/2014_Catalan_self-determination_referendum" title="2014 Catalan self-determination referendum">9N</a> referendum </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FNov13-251">[p 55]</a> </td> <td>16–19 Nov 2013 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">73.5 </td> <td>23.6 </td> <td>2.9 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">GESOP/El Periódico<a href="#cite_note-GESOPMay13-257">[p 60]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">28–31 May 2013 </td> <td rowspan="2">800 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">75.1 </td> <td>20.8 </td> <td>4.2 </td> <td>On the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government of Spain</a> authorising a referendum </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">69.6 </td> <td>25.8 </td> <td>2.3 </td> <td>On holding a referendum </td></tr> <tr> <td>GESOP/El Periódico<a href="#cite_note-GESOPJan13-259">[p 62]</a> </td> <td>14–16 Jan 2013 </td> <td>800 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">62.9 </td> <td>30.5 </td> <td>6.6 </td> <td>On holding a referendum even with the State's opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FNov12-2-261">[p 64]</a> </td> <td>12–16 Nov 2012 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">73.4 </td> <td>24.1 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FNov12-1-263">[p 65]</a> </td> <td>6–9 Nov 2012 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">73.6 </td> <td>24.0 </td> <td>2.4 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FOct12-2-265">[p 67]</a> </td> <td>22–26 Oct 2012 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">81.5 </td> <td>17.5 </td> <td>1.0 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FOct12-1-266">[p 68]</a> </td> <td>8–11 Oct 2012 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">81.7 </td> <td>17.6 </td> <td>0.7 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feedback/La Vanguardia<a href="#cite_note-FSep12-267">[p 69]</a> </td> <td>21–27 Sep 2012 </td> <td>1,200 </td> <td style="background:#B7FBB7;">83.9 </td> <td>14.9 </td> <td>1.2 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Results">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overall">Overall</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Overall">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Question: "Do you want Catalonia to become an independent state in the form of a republic?"</blockquote> <div style="float:right; border: 1px solid #666;"> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_jpo2lzwd05znvvzbepmeq9pa4qao05b"></map><img usemap="#timeline_jpo2lzwd05znvvzbepmeq9pa4qao05b" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/jpo2lzwd05znvvzbepmeq9pa4qao05b.png" /></div></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 1em; background: #f9f9f9;"> <caption style="background-color:#f2f2f2;margin-bottom:-1px;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:.2em .4em">Referendum results </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 210px">Choice </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 70px">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 50px">% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Referendum passed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svg/14px-Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svg/21px-Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svg/28px-Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="577" /></a> Yes </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,044,038 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">90.18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>No </td> <td style="text-align:right;">177,547 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.83 </td></tr> <tr class="tfoot" style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,221,585 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">97.17 </td></tr> <tr class="tfoot" style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Invalid or blank votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;">64,632 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.83 </td></tr> <tr class="tfoot" style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Total votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,286,217 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100.00 </td></tr> <tr class="tfoot" style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Registered voters/turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,313,564 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.03 </td></tr> <tr class="tfoot" style="background:#f2f2f2; font-size: 85%;"> <td colspan="3">Source: Government of Catalonia<a href="#cite_note-Results-1">[1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> The Catalan government estimated that polling stations representing up to 770,000 potential voters—14.5% of all registered voters—were closed down by police in raids, with any votes cast in those stations either seized, lost or inaccessible and therefore not counted.<a href="#cite_note-Mundo-2Oct17-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Independent-2Oct17-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN-2Oct17-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[184]</a> Catalan government spokesman Jordi Turull argued that turnout would have been higher were it not for Spanish police <a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">suppression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TurullSays-28">[28]</a> Catalan government officials argued that calculation by experts showed that without police pressure and closures, turnout could have reached up to 55%.<a href="#cite_note-Ara-29">[29]</a> Earlier in the day, a universal census was introduced, so any Catalan elector going out to vote could do so at any one of the still functioning polling stations.<a href="#cite_note-Universal-26">[26]</a> Notorious examples of this included President Puigdemont himself—who voted in <a href="/wiki/Cornell%C3%A0_del_Terri" title="Cornellà del Terri">Cornellà del Terri</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Sant_Juli%C3%A0_de_Ramis" title="Sant Julià de Ramis">Sant Julià de Ramis</a> where he was registered to vote, foiling a police operation to track him down along the way<a href="#cite_note-279">[185]</a>—or Parliament of Catalonia Speaker <a href="/wiki/Carme_Forcadell" title="Carme Forcadell">Carme Forcadell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-280">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_by_province">Results by province</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Results by province">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; line-height:20px;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="200" colspan="2" rowspan="3">Province </th> <th rowspan="3">Electorate </th> <th rowspan="3">Turnout </th> <th width="120" colspan="2">Yes </th> <th width="120" colspan="2">No </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#088A29;"> </th> <th colspan="2" style="background:#E90000;"> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td width="1" style="background:#CEF6D8;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Barcelona" title="Province of Barcelona">Barcelona</a> </td> <td>3,971,666 </td> <td>41.23 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">1,438,682 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">90.71 </td> <td>147,294 </td> <td>9.29 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Girona" title="Province of Girona">Girona</a> </td> <td>496,167 </td> <td>53.32 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">249,483 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">96.00 </td> <td>10,382 </td> <td>4.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lleida" title="Province of Lleida">Lleida</a> </td> <td>298,140 </td> <td>52.83 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">146,583 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">95.14 </td> <td>7,485 </td> <td>4.86 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Tarragona" title="Province of Tarragona">Tarragona</a> </td> <td>547,591 </td> <td>40.62 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">205,038 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">94.33 </td> <td>12,331 </td> <td>5.67 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;"> </td> <td align="left">Catalans abroad </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">4,252 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">98.72 </td> <td>55 </td> <td>1.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold;background:#E4E4E4;"> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;"> </td> <td align="left">Total </td> <td>5,313,564 </td> <td>43.03 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">2,044,038 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">90.18 </td> <td>177,547 </td> <td>7.83 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_by_vegueries">Results by vegueries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Results by vegueries">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; line-height:20px;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="200" colspan="2" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Vegueria" title="Vegueria">Vegueria</a> </th> <th rowspan="3">Electorate </th> <th rowspan="3">Turnout </th> <th style="width:120px;" colspan="2">Yes </th> <th style="width:120px;" colspan="2">No </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#088A29;"> </th> <th colspan="2" style="background:#E90000;"> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td width="1" style="background:#CEF6D8;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alt_Pirineu_i_Aran" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt Pirineu i Aran">Alt Pirineu i Aran</a> </td> <td>53,228 </td> <td>53.91 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">26,674 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">95.18 </td> <td>1,350 </td> <td>4.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%C3%80mbit_metropolit%C3%A0_de_Barcelona" title="Àmbit metropolità de Barcelona">Barcelona</a> </td> <td>3,605,651 </td> <td>39.54 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">1,239,232 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">89.93 </td> <td>138,759 </td> <td>10.07 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Comarques_Centrals" class="mw-redirect" title="Comarques Centrals">Central Catalonia</a> </td> <td>374,611 </td> <td>58.15 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">205,285 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">95.96 </td> <td>8,638 </td> <td>4.04 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Comarques_Gironines" title="Comarques Gironines">Girona</a> </td> <td>487,217 </td> <td>53.25 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">244,758 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">96.02 </td> <td>10,140 </td> <td>3.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ponent" title="Ponent">Lleida</a> </td> <td>245,266 </td> <td>52.12 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">118,799 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">94.98 </td> <td>6,274 </td> <td>5.02 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Camp_de_Tarragona" title="Camp de Tarragona">Tarragona</a> </td> <td>420,740 </td> <td>36.82 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">142,386 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">94.12 </td> <td>8,897 </td> <td>5.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Terres_de_l%27Ebre" title="Terres de l'Ebre">The Ebre Lands</a> </td> <td>126,851 </td> <td>53.24 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">62,652 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">94.80 </td> <td>3,434 </td> <td>5.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;"> </td> <td align="left">Catalans abroad </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">4,252 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">98.72 </td> <td>55 </td> <td>1.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold;background:#E4E4E4;"> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;"> </td> <td align="left">Total </td> <td>5,313,564 </td> <td>43.03 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">2,044,038 </td> <td style="background:#CEF6D8;">90.18 </td> <td>177,547 </td> <td>7.83 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Irregularities">Irregularities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Irregularities">edit</a>]</div> Due in part to the deactivation and repeated blocking by the police of the computer programs used to implement universal census and result reporting,<a href="#cite_note-281">[187]</a> some irregularities were reported by Spanish media during the celebration of the referendum. Among them were people recorded voting more than once and votes cast by those not included in the census.<a href="#cite_note-LaSexta01102017.2-282">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-dabdfca8-283">[189]</a> Other media reported the system did not validate the second attempt when voting, but it couldn't be confirmed that this system worked during the whole process.<a href="#cite_note-ElPais03112017-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-NacioDigital04112017-284">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[191]</a> The Catalan government was not allowed to use the same ballot boxes used in other elections and referendums because they are owned by the Spanish government, so different ballot boxes were used,<a href="#cite_note-286">[192]</a> those were described as translucent by some media and opaque by some others in contrast to the transparent ballot boxes used in elections.<a href="#cite_note-regulations-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[194]</a> Ballots and ballot boxes were transported together, which according to Spanish media raised doubts about whether those ballots were removed or not prior to the vote.<a href="#cite_note-756e1b4f-289">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-fakenewsara-290">[196]</a> Another controversial footage shows ballot boxes placed in the street, where any person could submit their vote without census control.<a href="#cite_note-razón-291">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-4710d3b0-292">[198]</a> According to a Catalan newspaper, a volunteer declared that it was "a symbolic vote" in Ramon i Cajal school, Barcelona, after Spanish police removed the ballot boxes at another nearby polling station.<a href="#cite_note-fakenewsara-290">[196]</a> There was no electoral board as it dissolved itself on 22 September to avoid being fined by the Constitutional Court and the counting system was blocked by the Guardia civil following orders from the Catalan High Court Justice.<a href="#cite_note-regulations-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-electoral-commission-129">[129]</a> Guardia Civil also shut down a <a href="/wiki/WordPress.com" title="WordPress.com">WordPress.com</a> blog which alleged to be used as a voting system in the referendum, the Catalan government said they didn't know about its existence.<a href="#cite_note-regulations-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[199]</a> The Spanish Government denounced that the rules of the referendum that were changed 45 minutes before opening.<a href="#cite_note-a4b7381e-294">[200]</a> The new rules included the universal census according to which any citizen could vote in any voting center even if it was not the one originally assigned. They also accepted the use of non-official ballots printed at home and made optional the requirement of using envelopes.<a href="#cite_note-regulations-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversy_over_the_results">Controversy over the results</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Controversy over the results">edit</a>]</div> The publication of the results generated controversy both for the lack of basic electoral warranties,<a href="#cite_note-sin-ratificar-295">[201]</a> as for the lack of coherence between the results that were published after 95% of the votes had been tallied and the official results published five days later.<a href="#cite_note-296">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[203]</a> One analyst said that the large pro-independence vote (90% by official estimates) could actually be a sign that many people did not vote at all, and that the referendum lacked the conditions for fairness.<a href="#cite_note-PBS_NewsHour-298">[204]</a> In 71 municipalities the number of "yes" votes tallied were more than the number of registered voters for those municipalities, which could be partly explained by the "universal census" system introduced earlier in the day allowing people to vote in a different poll station than the one they were assigned.<a href="#cite_note-ElPais03112017-27">[27]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain)">Civil Guard</a> delivered a report to the <a href="/wiki/Audiencia_Nacional_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audiencia Nacional (Spain)">Spanish High Court</a> with recordings of conversations that allegedly demonstrate that "the results of the referendum were decided in the days leading up to its holding".<a href="#cite_note-299">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[206]</a> In the elections of December 2017 called by Spanish Prime Minister, parties supporting independence got 47.5% of the votes, but due to the high level of participation that was 33,970 more votes than 'Yes' votes were cast during the referendum.<a href="#cite_note-301">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2017_Catalan_independence_referendum" title="Reactions to the 2017 Catalan independence referendum">Reactions to the 2017 Catalan independence referendum</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2017_Catalan_general_strike" title="2017 Catalan general strike">2017 Catalan general strike</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demonstration_in_front_of_the_headquarters_of_the_Spanish_National_Police_in_Barcelona.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Demonstration_in_front_of_the_headquarters_of_the_Spanish_National_Police_in_Barcelona.png/220px-Demonstration_in_front_of_the_headquarters_of_the_Spanish_National_Police_in_Barcelona.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Demonstration_in_front_of_the_headquarters_of_the_Spanish_National_Police_in_Barcelona.png/330px-Demonstration_in_front_of_the_headquarters_of_the_Spanish_National_Police_in_Barcelona.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Demonstration_in_front_of_the_headquarters_of_the_Spanish_National_Police_in_Barcelona.png/440px-Demonstration_in_front_of_the_headquarters_of_the_Spanish_National_Police_in_Barcelona.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2017_Catalan_general_strike" title="2017 Catalan general strike">2017 Catalan general strike</a> against police brutality</figcaption></figure> On 3 October 2017, Carles Puigdemont said that his government intends to act on the result of the referendum "at the end of this week or the beginning of next" and declare independence from Spain. Puigdemont would go before the Catalan Parliament to address them on Monday 9 October 2017, pending the agreement of other political parties.<a href="#cite_note-302">[208]</a> The same day, the King of Spain, <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a>, condemned the repeated acts of the government of Catalonia against the existing legal framework and appealed to the union Spain, calling the situation "extremely serious".<a href="#cite_note-303">[209]</a> On 4 October 2017, <a href="/wiki/Mireia_Boya_Busquet" title="Mireia Boya Busquet">Mireia Boya</a>, a lawmaker of the Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP), announced that a declaration of independence would likely come after the parliamentary session on 9 October.<a href="#cite_note-304">[210]</a> On 5 October, <a href="/wiki/Banco_Sabadell" title="Banco Sabadell">Banco Sabadell</a>, the second-largest bank based in Catalonia, announced its decision to move its legal headquarters out of the region amid economic uncertainty over the future of Catalonia's political situation ahead of a projected <a href="/wiki/Unilateral_declaration_of_independence" title="Unilateral declaration of independence">unilateral declaration of independence</a> the ensuing week, which had seen sharp falls in the group's share prices the previous day and rating agencies downgrading the region. Concurrently, <a href="/wiki/CaixaBank" title="CaixaBank">CaixaBank</a>, the biggest bank in the region and the third largest in Spain, also announced it was considering redomiciling outside Catalonia.<a href="#cite_note-305">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[213]</a> This sparked a massive business exit in the ensuing hours, with companies such as <a href="/wiki/Abertis" title="Abertis">Abertis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gas_Natural" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas Natural">Gas Natural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grifols" title="Grifols">Grifols</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fersa_Energias_Renovables&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fersa Energias Renovables (page does not exist)">Fersa Energias Renovables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Agbar">Agbar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freixenet" title="Freixenet">Freixenet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Codorn%C3%ADu" class="mw-redirect" title="Codorníu">Codorníu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idilia_Foods" title="Idilia Foods">Idilia Foods</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Beer" title="San Miguel Beer">San Miguel Beer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Planeta_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Planeta Group">Planeta Group</a> also announcing or considering their intention to move their HQs out of Catalonia. The Spanish government announced on Friday 6 October that it would issue a decree allowing companies based in Catalonia to move out of the region without holding a shareholders' meeting.<a href="#cite_note-308">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[217]</a> On 11 October, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Montsoreau-Museum_of_Contemporary_Art" title="Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art">Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art</a> announced that it was repatriating its collection of <a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a> works on loan at <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art" title="Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art">Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art</a> (MACBA) since 2010.<a href="#cite_note-312">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[219]</a> Within two weeks, more than 1,000 business and firms would move out of Catalonia.<a href="#cite_note-314">[220]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:08.10.2017_Manifestaci%C3%B3_%22Prou!_Recuperem_el_seny%22_-_Barcelona_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/08.10.2017_Manifestaci%C3%B3_%22Prou%21_Recuperem_el_seny%22_-_Barcelona_18.jpg/220px-08.10.2017_Manifestaci%C3%B3_%22Prou%21_Recuperem_el_seny%22_-_Barcelona_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/08.10.2017_Manifestaci%C3%B3_%22Prou%21_Recuperem_el_seny%22_-_Barcelona_18.jpg/330px-08.10.2017_Manifestaci%C3%B3_%22Prou%21_Recuperem_el_seny%22_-_Barcelona_18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/08.10.2017_Manifestaci%C3%B3_%22Prou%21_Recuperem_el_seny%22_-_Barcelona_18.jpg/440px-08.10.2017_Manifestaci%C3%B3_%22Prou%21_Recuperem_el_seny%22_-_Barcelona_18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Demonstration against Catalan independence in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> on 8 October 2017</figcaption></figure> On 7 October, tens of thousands of demonstrators rallied in Madrid and Barcelona dressed in white and without flags with the slogan 'Shall we talk?', asking for a deescalation of the political conflict.<a href="#cite_note-315">[221]</a> On 8 October, the largest <a href="/wiki/2017_demonstration_against_Catalan_independence" title="2017 demonstration against Catalan independence">demonstration against Catalan independence</a> in recent Spanish history took place in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, the local police estimating at about 400,000 the number of participants.<a href="#cite_note-316">[222]</a> Former <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">president of the European Parliament</a> <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a>, Nobel Prize winner <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a> and several representatives of the opposition parties in the Catalan parliament delivered speeches against the independence process.<a href="#cite_note-317">[223]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss</a> national radio, the Foreign Ministry of Switzerland has offered to mediate between the two sides in the crisis.<a href="#cite_note-318">[224]</a> However, on 16 October 2017 the Foreign Ministry of Switzerland released a press note declaring that no formal offer was made, also stating that the independent aspirations in Catalonia are an internal affair of Spain and should be resolved within its constitutional order. It also made clear that Switzerland fully respects Spanish Sovereignty and that in any case any facilitation of the process could only take place in case that both sides requested it.<a href="#cite_note-319">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Violence_and_injuries">Violence and injuries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Violence and injuries">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d%27un_ve%C3%AD.webm/220px--Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d%27un_ve%C3%AD.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="50" data-mwtitle="Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d'un_veí.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d%27un_ve%C3%AD.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d%27un_ve%C3%AD.webm/Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d%27un_ve%C3%AD.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d%27un_ve%C3%AD.webm/Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d%27un_ve%C3%AD.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d%27un_ve%C3%AD.webm/Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d%27un_ve%C3%AD.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d%27un_ve%C3%AD.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d%27un_ve%C3%AD.webm/Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d%27un_ve%C3%AD.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d%27un_ve%C3%AD.webm/Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d%27un_ve%C3%AD.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d%27un_ve%C3%AD.webm/Un_agent_de_la_Policia_Nacional_espanyola_dispara_un_tret_de_bala_de_goma_a_la_cara_d%27un_ve%C3%AD.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Spanish_National_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish National Police">Spanish National Police</a> in riot gear pushed by a crowd; a protester is hit in the eye by a <a href="/wiki/Rubber_bullet#Riot_control" title="Rubber bullet">rubber ball</a> (1 October 2017, Barcelona)</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="National Police Corps">Spanish police</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guardia_Civil" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardia Civil">Guardia Civil</a> mounted operations to close the polling stations. The security forces met resistance from citizens who obstructed their access to the voting tables; in Sant Julia de Ramis, where Puigdemont was expected to vote, they were joined by <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Firefighters_of_Catalonia" title="Corps of Firefighters of Catalonia">Corps of Firefighters of Catalonia</a> members who formed a "human shield" separating the police from civilians to help obstruct their access to the polling station.<a href="#cite_note-MetroFireF-320">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-IndependentFF-321">[227]</a> The police used force to try to reach the voting tables,<a href="#cite_note-calledoff-322">[228]</a> in some cases using batons against firefighters and civilians, and dragged some of them away.<a href="#cite_note-IndependentFF-321">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-SCMPFF-323">[229]</a> The police made multiple charges.<a href="#cite_note-ElPais02102017-324">[230]</a> In some other incidents the security forces were surrounded and driven out by the crowds. According to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Spain)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Spain)">Ministry of the Interior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rubber_bullet#Riot_control" title="Rubber bullet">rubber bullets (balls)</a> were only used against demonstrators in one of those incidents in the <a href="/wiki/Eixample" title="Eixample">Barcelona's Eixample</a> district.<a href="#cite_note-LaSexta01102017-325">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElDiario24042018-326">[232]</a> There were incidents at polling stations in Barcelona, Girona and elsewhere; the police forced entry to the premises, ejected the occupants and seized ballot boxes, some of them containing votes.<a href="#cite_note-ElPais02102017-324">[230]</a> The Spanish government endorsed the police actions ordered by the regional high court.<a href="#cite_note-327">[233]</a> Carles Puigdemont accused Spanish authorities of "unjustified, disproportionate and irresponsible violence" and showing a "dreadful external image of Spain"<a href="#cite_note-MetroFireF-320">[226]</a> while Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch criticized what they called "excessive and unnecessary use of force" by the National Police and the Civil Guard.<a href="#cite_note-amnesty-international-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-human-rights-watch-49">[49]</a> The Spanish Coordinator for Prevention against Torture defined the police action as a "repression laboratory".<a href="#cite_note-328">[234]</a> <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Spain" title="Supreme Court of Spain">Spanish Supreme Court</a> judge Pablo Llarena stated Puigdemont ignored the repeated warnings he received about the escalation of violence if the referendum was held.<a href="#cite_note-ABC30032018-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElMundo30032018-51">[51]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a>, after the first reports of violence, the government canceled the order given to the security forces, which pulled out early from the polling centers.<a href="#cite_note-calledoff-322">[228]</a> Catalan <a href="/wiki/Ombudsman" title="Ombudsman">Ombudsman</a> <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Rib%C3%B3" title="Rafael Ribó">Rafael Ribó</a>, said there was evidence <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> asked <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a> to stop police violence.<a href="#cite_note-329">[235]</a> Various images and reports used to magnify the claims of police violence were circulated but were later found to be inaccurate or <a href="/wiki/Photoshopped" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoshopped">photoshopped</a>,<a href="#cite_note-LeMonde02102017-330">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElMundo02102017.2-331">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElMundo04102017-332">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-333">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[240]</a> and reports argued later that such posts, as well as conspiracy theories, had been amplified through the same network of social network profiles that had earlier promoted alt-right and pro-Putin views during earlier elections in Western countries.<a href="#cite_note-335">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[242]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Republican_Left_of_Catalonia" title="Republican Left of Catalonia">Republican Left of Catalonia</a> (ERC) councillor accused the police of deliberately breaking her fingers one by one and of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">sexual abuse</a> during a polling station evacuation, but later investigation disproved these statements.<a href="#cite_note-ElMundo04102017-332">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABC02102017-337">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElConfidencial03102017-338">[244]</a> A real picture of an elderly woman bleeding in the head as a consequence of a police charge was chosen as one of the "Bloomberg's 100 photos of the 2017".<a href="#cite_note-339">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[246]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Spain)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Spain)">Spanish Ministry of the Interior</a> instructed the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Attorney_General" title="Spanish Attorney General">Spanish Attorney General</a> to investigate whether the accusations of police sexual abuse against protesters made by Mayor of Barcelona <a href="/wiki/Ada_Colau" title="Ada Colau">Ada Colau</a>, who had mentioned the councilor's statements, could be considered a legal offense of slander against <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Spain" title="Law enforcement in Spain">Spanish Law enforcement organisations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-341">[247]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intervenci%C3%B3_policial_a_Institut_Pau_Claris_de_Barcelona_l%271_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Intervenci%C3%B3_policial_a_Institut_Pau_Claris_de_Barcelona_l%271_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg/170px-Intervenci%C3%B3_policial_a_Institut_Pau_Claris_de_Barcelona_l%271_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Intervenci%C3%B3_policial_a_Institut_Pau_Claris_de_Barcelona_l%271_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg/255px-Intervenci%C3%B3_policial_a_Institut_Pau_Claris_de_Barcelona_l%271_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Intervenci%C3%B3_policial_a_Institut_Pau_Claris_de_Barcelona_l%271_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg/340px-Intervenci%C3%B3_policial_a_Institut_Pau_Claris_de_Barcelona_l%271_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Spanish National Police storm Institut Pau Claris polling station on 1 October 2017</figcaption></figure> According to the judge, there were 218 persons injured on that day in the city of Barcelona alone.<a href="#cite_note-LaVanguardia10102017-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElEspañol06102017-44">[44]</a> According to various sources previously reported figures for civilians and police may have been exaggerated.<a href="#cite_note-ElMundo09102017-42">[42]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Generalitat_de_Catalunya" title="Generalitat de Catalunya">Generalitat de Catalunya</a>, 844 people requested the services of the Catalan emergency health service, this number includes people with irritation by gas and anxiety attacks. Of those injured, most were minor, but four people were hospitalised by the emergency health service and of those, two were in serious condition, one due to impact from a rubber ball in the eye in the protests, the other for unrelated causes.<a href="#cite_note-ElPais02102017-324">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[249]</a> There was a police charge near school Ramon Llull. When police officers tried to enter inside the polling station, voters responded with a <a href="/wiki/Sit-in" title="Sit-in">sit-in</a> protest to block their way in. Few minutes later more anti-riot police was deployed in the zone and they could find the way in after breaking the polling station door. Police officers confiscated the ballot boxes, some of them with votes inside. In their way out, voters blocked the passage of the police cars standing or sitting in front of the police vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-344">[250]</a> Some of them harassing and throwing fences, umbrellas and other objects against the agents, among them the man who was subsequently injured in the eye.<a href="#cite_note-ElIndependiente23112017-345">[251]</a> The agents responded shooting rubber balls.<a href="#cite_note-LaVanguardia01102017-346">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-LaRazon01102017-347">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-LaSexta01102017.3-348">[254]</a> The man injured by the rubber ball lost the vision in one eye and he sued 3 members of the Spanish National Police, adducing that one shot him directly to his face.<a href="#cite_note-ElPeriodico14112017-349">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[257]</a> One witness, the journalist who recorded the images, testified he saw that a police officer pointed and shot horizontally, directly against demonstrators at a distance not exceeding 15 meters, hitting and injuring the man in the eye, which can be seen in the footage; according to four witnesses, there was no unrest at the moment the police charge and shots took place.<a href="#cite_note-"Ara24042018"-352">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-"ElPeriodico24042018"-353">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElDiario24042018-326">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElPeriodico14112017-349">[255]</a> 13 police officers are being investigated for their actions in that polling station, even though the agent that shot the rubber bullet has not been identified yet.<a href="#cite_note-354">[260]</a> Initially, the Ministry of the Interior said 431 agents were injured, 39 of them requiring immediate medical treatment and the remaining 392 having injuries from bruises, scrapes, kicks and/or bites.<a href="#cite_note-LaVanguardia03102017-355">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN01102017-356">[262]</a> After a question from Basque senator <a href="/wiki/Jon_I%C3%B1arritu" title="Jon Iñarritu">Jon Iñarritu</a> some months later, the Spanish Ministry of the Interior recognised that the number was much lower and stated that the number of police officers injured was 111.<a href="#cite_note-Ara20180420-40">[40]</a> During the hearings of the <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Catalonia_independence_leaders" title="Trial of Catalonia independence leaders">trial of Catalonia independence leaders</a> in February 2019, <a href="/wiki/Soraya_S%C3%A1enz_de_Santamar%C3%ADa" title="Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría">Saenz de Santamaría</a> reduced that figure further to 93, down from the initial 400.<a href="#cite_note-357">[263]</a> In a document given to the judge investigating the police action during the day of the referendum in Barcelona, Spanish police reported around 40 injuries, including officers who acted in <a href="/wiki/Girona" title="Girona">Girona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sabadell" title="Sabadell">Sabadell</a>, which include a "trauma on a finger", a "twisted foot" and a "nose scratch". The Police didn't provide medical reports for some of them and didn't explain how they were produced.<a href="#cite_note-358">[264]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mossos_d%27Esquadra" title="Mossos d'Esquadra">Mossos d'Esquadra</a> have been accused of failing to execute the direct order issued by the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Catalonia" title="High Court of Justice of Catalonia">High Court of Justice of Catalonia</a> and not closing the voting centers before the voting commenced, or not confiscating voting materials on the day of the poll.<a href="#cite_note-359">[265]</a> According to the final report by the Catalan Health Service (CatSalut) of the Generalitat, there were 1,066 people attended by the Catalan hospitals in connection with the Catalan Referendum: 966 on 1 October 2017 and 75 during 2–4 October. According to the severity, the reports indicates that 886 (=823+63) were categorised as mild, 173 (=163+10) as moderate and 7 (=5+2) as severe. On 20 October 2017, the last injured person left the hospital. Regarding the age distribution: 10,4% of them were elderly people (>65 years old) and 23 of them were over 79 years old. Also, 2.1% were underage, including 2 children under 11 years old. This figures include 12 police officers: 9 Policía Nacional, 2 Guardia Civil and 1 Mossos d'Esquadra.<a href="#cite_note-360">[266]</a> <a href="#cite_note-361">[267]</a> <a href="#cite_note-362">[268]</a> The Catalan Health Officer is planning to sue the Partido Popular general coordinator, Mr Fernando Martínez-Maillo, for his qualification as a "great farce" of the total number of injured persons.<a href="#cite_note-363">[269]</a> On 19 February 2018, in the hearing for the injuries in the village of Castellgalí, a Guardia Civil policeman testified before the judge that he only found passive resistance, thus contradicting a Spanish police statement, which claimed that violence, kicks and spitting took place at that location.<a href="#cite_note-364">[270]</a> According to a 2020 study, the crackdown by the Spanish state on Catalan activists "increased public sympathy for independence for a short period, and heightened animosity towards actors perceived to be associated or complicit with the Spanish state."<a href="#cite_note-365">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_effects">Economic effects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Economic effects">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2017)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> As of August 2017 the <a href="/wiki/Credit_spread_(bond)" class="mw-redirect" title="Credit spread (bond)">spread</a> between Spanish 10-year government debt and German bonds was close to its narrowest in seven years; however, since the start of July the yield on the Catalan regional government's bonds had jumped by about 50 basis points,<a href="#cite_note-bloombergthink2-366">[272]</a> signaling unease among investors in regards to the referendum issue. <a href="/wiki/Stratfor" title="Stratfor">Stratfor</a> suggested financial market disruption is due to the political upheaval. Predrag Dukic, senior equity sales trader at CM Capital Markets Bolsa, wrote: "The independence movement seeks to paralyze the region with strikes, disobedience, etc., a nightmare scenario for what until yesterday seemed a strong Spanish economic recovery." Markus Schomer, chief global economist at <a href="/wiki/PineBridge_Investments" title="PineBridge Investments">PineBridge Investments</a>, suggested that the uncertainty both in and outside of Spain has made it hard to price the scenarios into final markets so far. Further he commented a strong approval could result in a <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> −0.0255% sell off, just as in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/2017_German_federal_election" title="2017 German federal election">German federal election the previous week</a>. "I don't think there is an immediate change coming from that referendum. It'll take quite a bit longer to assess where this is going and what this will mean, how the EU will react, how the Spanish government will react. So I don't think you'll see people adjusting their portfolios on Monday, but you could get the classic knee-jerk, risk-off reaction."<a href="#cite_note-367">[273]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_effect">Political effect</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Political effect">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Catalan_declaration_of_independence" title="Catalan declaration of independence">Catalan declaration of independence</a> and <a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_Spanish_constitutional_crisis" title="2017–2018 Spanish constitutional crisis">2017–2018 Spanish constitutional crisis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20171010_proclamacio_independencia_4694.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/20171010_proclamacio_independencia_4694.jpg/220px-20171010_proclamacio_independencia_4694.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/20171010_proclamacio_independencia_4694.jpg/330px-20171010_proclamacio_independencia_4694.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/20171010_proclamacio_independencia_4694.jpg/440px-20171010_proclamacio_independencia_4694.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Pro-independence supporters during a rally in Barcelona, 10 October 2017</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carles_Puigdemont_el_10_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Carles_Puigdemont_el_10_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg/220px-Carles_Puigdemont_el_10_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Carles_Puigdemont_el_10_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg/330px-Carles_Puigdemont_el_10_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Carles_Puigdemont_el_10_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg/440px-Carles_Puigdemont_el_10_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="1996" /></a><figcaption>Catalan President <a href="/wiki/Carles_Puigdemont" title="Carles Puigdemont">Carles Puigdemont</a> gives a speech at the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Catalonia" title="Parliament of Catalonia">Catalan Parliament</a> in Barcelona on 10 October 2017</figcaption></figure> On 10 October in a speech in front of the Catalan parliament Puigdemont stated that he considered the referendum results to be valid and in consequence used the following wording: "I assume the mandate of the people for Catalonia to become an independent state in the shape of a republic", before adding that he would "ask Parliament to suspend the effects of the declaration of independence". In response the Central government made a formal request for him to answer before the Monday 16 October 2017 if he declared independence asking specifically for yes or no answer clarifying that any answer different than a "no" would be interpreted as a "yes".<a href="#cite_note-368">[274]</a> Along with the formal request there was also an offer from the central government negotiated with the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a> to evaluate the situation of Catalonia within Spain and to study possible reforms, if needed, to the Spanish Constitution.<a href="#cite_note-369">[275]</a> On 16 October 2017 Puigdemont gave a response that did not address the issue of whether or not there had been a declaration of independence.<a href="#cite_note-370">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[277]</a> this triggered a second deadline of 10 am on Thursday 19 October for them to backtrack before direct rule was imposed.<a href="#cite_note-372">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[279]</a> The Spanish government subsequently offered to abort the suspension of self-rule if the Catalan government called for regional elections.<a href="#cite_note-374">[280]</a> The response from Puigdemont to the second deadline was again not clear. Since he refused to abandon his independence push, on 21 October the Spanish government initiated the implementation of <a href="/wiki/Article_155_of_the_Constitution_of_Spain" title="Article 155 of the Constitution of Spain">Article 155</a> of the Spanish constitution.<a href="#cite_note-375">[281]</a> On 27 October 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Catalonia" title="Parliament of Catalonia">Parliament of Catalonia</a> unilaterally <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_Catalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Independence of Catalonia">declared independence</a> from Spain. The proposal presented by the pro-independence political parties <a href="/wiki/Junts_pel_S%C3%AD" title="Junts pel Sí">Junts pel Sí</a> and <a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_Candidacy" title="Popular Unity Candidacy">Popular Unity Candidacy</a> was approved with 70 votes in favor 10 against and 2 blank votes.<a href="#cite_note-376">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-377">[283]</a> 55 MPs from the opposition refused to be present during the voting after the legal services of the Catalan Parliament advised that the voting could not take place as the law in which it was based had been suspended by the Constitutional Court.<a href="#cite_note-378">[284]</a> Within hours, the Spanish Senate approved actions proposed by the Spanish government to invoke Article 155 and assume direct control over some of Catalonia's autonomous powers.<a href="#cite_note-379">[285]</a> The measure was passed with 214 votes in favour, 47 against and 1 abstention. The measure is intended to be temporary; its claimed objective being to "re-establish the rule of law" and restore autonomy after new elections.<a href="#cite_note-380">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-381">[287]</a> The first measures taken by Spanish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a> after the approval by the senate was to fire the Catalan President <a href="/wiki/Carles_Puigdemont" title="Carles Puigdemont">Carles Puigdemont</a> and his cabinet, dissolving the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Catalonia" title="Parliament of Catalonia">Parliament of Catalonia</a> and scheduling fresh <a href="/wiki/2017_Catalan_regional_election" title="2017 Catalan regional election">Catalan elections on 21 December 2017</a>.<a href="#cite_note-382">[288]</a> On 16 January 2018, the Spanish Constitutional Court issued a temporary restraining order regarding the work of the Catalan Government commission that investigates the violation of fundamental rights in Catalonia.<a href="#cite_note-383">[289]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Press_coverage_and_Internet">Press coverage and Internet</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Press coverage and Internet">edit</a>]</div> Different sources describe aspects of the events differently according to their political stance. Notable examples include the coverage of Spanish TV channel TVE (<a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">Televisión Española</a>) and Catalan channel <a href="/wiki/TV3_(Catalonia)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV3 (Catalonia)">TV3</a>. TV3 covered the referendum and the police violence regularly while TVE mainly emphasised the Spanish government's position on its legality.<a href="#cite_note-384">[290]</a> TVE media coverage was criticised by Televisión Española information council, calling for the resignation of the entire direction.<a href="#cite_note-385">[291]</a> TV3 has been criticized both within and outside Catalonia as a mouthpiece for the independence movement.<a href="#cite_note-386">[292]</a> Various media reported on fake images of police violence against civilians that were posted in social networks.<a href="#cite_note-TheGuardian08102017-387">[293]</a> They included images of people injured in other events, including footage from strikes and anti-austerity protests 4–5 years prior, Turkish police charges and protests by miners.<a href="#cite_note-LeMonde02102017-330">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElMundo02102017.2-331">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElMundo04102017-332">[238]</a> The news sites <a href="/wiki/Okdiario" title="Okdiario">Okdiario</a> and Periodista Digital were also accused of falsely trying to discredit some of those involved in police violence episodes.<a href="#cite_note-388">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[295]</a> Some non-Spanish media outlets have criticized the <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a>'s government, <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">police violence</a> against civilians or Spain's media coverage, including <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-390">[296]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>,<a href="#cite_note-391">[297]</a> <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al-Jazeera</a>,<a href="#cite_note-392">[298]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>,<a href="#cite_note-393">[299]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-394">[300]</a> The Spanish newspaper <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a> argued that "the network of fake-news producers that Russia has employed to weaken the United States and the European Union is now operating at full speed on Catalonia",<a href="#cite_note-395">[301]</a> involving a network of Russian media outlets and social network bots which, according to the argument, aimed to influence local and global discussion of events. Later investigations by Medium-DFRL said it found support for some but not all of the arguments made by Spanish outlets.<a href="#cite_note-396">[302]</a> It is argued that the goal wasn't specifically to support Catalan independence but to "foment divisions to gradually undermine Europe's democracy and institutions"<a href="#cite_note-397">[303]</a> and at discrediting Spanish legal and political authorities,<a href="#cite_note-Politico-398">[304]</a> while Russian authorities have denied that Russian actors had any involvement.<a href="#cite_note-Politico-398">[304]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matthias_Laurenz_Gr%C3%A4ff,_%22Katalanisches_Tryptichon%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Matthias_Laurenz_Gr%C3%A4ff%2C_%22Katalanisches_Tryptichon%22.jpg/200px-Matthias_Laurenz_Gr%C3%A4ff%2C_%22Katalanisches_Tryptichon%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Matthias_Laurenz_Gr%C3%A4ff%2C_%22Katalanisches_Tryptichon%22.jpg/300px-Matthias_Laurenz_Gr%C3%A4ff%2C_%22Katalanisches_Tryptichon%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Matthias_Laurenz_Gr%C3%A4ff%2C_%22Katalanisches_Tryptichon%22.jpg/400px-Matthias_Laurenz_Gr%C3%A4ff%2C_%22Katalanisches_Tryptichon%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="1193" /></a><figcaption>Katalanisches Tryptichon, painted by <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Laurenz_Gr%C3%A4ff" title="Matthias Laurenz Gräff">Matthias Laurenz Gräff</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mural_1_octubre_Sant_Andreu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mural_1_octubre_Sant_Andreu.jpg/220px-Mural_1_octubre_Sant_Andreu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mural_1_octubre_Sant_Andreu.jpg/330px-Mural_1_octubre_Sant_Andreu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mural_1_octubre_Sant_Andreu.jpg/440px-Mural_1_octubre_Sant_Andreu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>1-O commemorative mural in front of a polling station in the Sant Andreu district of Barcelona. Votes: 4009 Yes, 292 No, 123 blank, 28 null</figcaption></figure> Several documentaries have been made about the day of the referendum, the most known ones being <a href="/w/index.php?title=1-O_(documentary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-O (documentary) (page does not exist)">1-O</a> [<a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-O_(documental)" class="extiw" title="ca:1-O (documental)">ca</a>] produced by <a href="/wiki/Mediapro" title="Mediapro">Mediapro</a>, El primer dia d'octubre produced by <a href="/wiki/La_Directa" title="La Directa">La Directa</a> and released for free in YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-399">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-400">[306]</a> and L'endemà produced by Massa D’Or produccions. All three were produced by independentist production companies and were criticised for being too propagandistic and biased, the last one even received harsh criticism by independentist politicians and journalists.<a href="#cite_note-401">[307]</a> Another well known documentary about the same topic but with a more unbiased approach was Dos Catalunyas directed by <a href="/wiki/Gerardo_Olivares" title="Gerardo Olivares">Gerardo Olivares</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Longoria" title="Álvaro Longoria">Álvaro Longoria</a>. Many books about the topic were published as well, including Operació urnes ("Operation Ballot Boxes"), explaining how the ballot boxes were distributed around Catalonia, and Dies que duraran anys ("Days That Will Last for Years"), a photo book by <a href="/wiki/Jordi_Borr%C3%A0s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordi Borràs">Jordi Borràs</a>. Those two being the first and the third top-sellers in the category of non-fiction in Catalan language during the <a href="/wiki/Diada_de_Sant_Jordi" class="mw-redirect" title="Diada de Sant Jordi">Diada de Sant Jordi</a> of 2018.<a href="#cite_note-402">[308]</a> Several Catalan groups also composed songs specially dedicated to that day, including Agafant l'horitzó (Catching the horizon) by <a href="/wiki/Txarango" title="Txarango">Txarango</a> and Rojos y separatistas (Red and separatists) by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1grimas_de_Sangre" class="mw-redirect" title="Lágrimas de Sangre">Lágrimas de Sangre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-403">[309]</a> Some international groups used images from the police violence during the day of the referendum in their concerts and music videos, including <a href="/wiki/A_Sound_of_Thunder_(band)" title="A Sound of Thunder (band)">A Sound of Thunder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steven_Patrick_Morrissey" class="mw-redirect" title="Steven Patrick Morrissey">Steven Patrick Morrissey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-404">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-405">[311]</a> On 15 June, the exhibition 55 Ballot Boxes for Freedom opened in Brussels, with artwork inspired by the ballot boxes of the Catalan referendum.<a href="#cite_note-406">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-407">[313]</a> <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> used images from the police action during the day of the referendum to promote <a href="/wiki/Black_Mirror" title="Black Mirror">Black Mirror</a> series in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-408">[314]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_2020–2021">In 2020–2021</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: In 2020–2021">edit</a>]</div> In February 2020, the Catalan nationalist-led government and the Spanish left-wing coalition government agreed to start a dialogue on Catalonia's political future. Included in Catalan nationalists' two points was a retroactive legalization of the 2017 independence referendum.<a href="#cite_note-409">[315]</a> The central government's plan aims rather at a negotiation on the region's financial and political autonomy within the current legal framework.<a href="#cite_note-410">[316]</a> Fifteen representatives began talks with a discussion of the history of the Catalan crisis. Despite disagreement on when it began, the two sides concurred that their common political opponent, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">People's Party</a>, bore the overall responsibility in its fight against the Statute of Autonomy.<a href="#cite_note-cue-411">[317]</a> It was agreed that negotiations would continue, with plans for monthly meetings and plenary sessions every six months, although this has been followed by a continued internal conflict within the nationalist parties, a fraction of which wishes no dialogue beyond a new legally binding referendum.<a href="#cite_note-412">[318]</a> The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">COVID-19 pandemic in Spain</a> cancelled these plans, which may resume in September 2021.<a href="#cite_note-413">[319]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Scottish_independence_referendum" title="2014 Scottish independence referendum">2014 Scottish independence referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Catalan_regional_election" title="2017 Catalan regional election">2017 Catalan regional election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Kurdistan_Region_independence_referendum" title="2017 Kurdistan Region independence referendum">2017 Kurdistan Region independence referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_New_Caledonian_independence_referendum" title="2018 New Caledonian independence referendum">2018 New Caledonian independence referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_general_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan general strike">Catalan general strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_independence_movement" title="Catalan independence movement">Catalan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_nationalism" title="Catalan nationalism">Catalan nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Republic" title="Catalan Republic">Catalan Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_declaration_of_independence" title="Catalan declaration of independence">Catalan declaration of independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catalonia" title="History of Catalonia">History of Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Catalonia" title="Politics of Catalonia">Politics of Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reapers%27_War" title="Reapers' War">Catalan Revolt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinion_poll_sources">Opinion poll sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Opinion poll sources">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AraSep17-184">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AraSep17_184-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AraSep17_184-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ara.cat/politica/Participacio-del-mes-avantatge_0_1871212940.html">"Participació del 60% i més avantatge del sí l'1-O"</a>. Ara (in Catalan). 16 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ara&rft.atitle=Participaci%C3%B3+del+60%25+i+m%C3%A9s+avantatge+del+s%C3%AD+l%271-O&rft.date=2017-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ara.cat%2Fpolitica%2FParticipacio-del-mes-avantatge_0_1871212940.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larazon.es/espana/la-mayoria-de-los-catalanes-cree-que-el-referendum-no-se-celebrara-OK15797485">"La mayoría de los catalanes cree que el referéndum no se celebrará"</a>. La Razón (in Spanish). 16 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Raz%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=La+mayor%C3%ADa+de+los+catalanes+cree+que+el+refer%C3%A9ndum+no+se+celebrar%C3%A1&rft.date=2017-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.larazon.es%2Fespana%2Fla-mayoria-de-los-catalanes-cree-que-el-referendum-no-se-celebrara-OK15797485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816234609/http://www.larazon.es/documents/10165/0/video_content_7016995_20170816043901.jpg">"Encuesta NC Report"</a>. La Razón (in Spanish). 16 August 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larazon.es/documents/10165/0/video_content_7016995_20170816043901.jpg">the original</a> on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Raz%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Encuesta+NC+Report&rft.date=2017-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.larazon.es%2Fdocuments%2F10165%2F0%2Fvideo_content_7016995_20170816043901.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AraJul17-187">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AraJul17_187-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AraJul17_187-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ara.cat/politica/pressio-lEstat-perdre-suports-independencia_0_1838216205.html">"La pressió de l'Estat no fa perdre suports a l'1-O ni a la independència"</a>. Ara (in Catalan). 24 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ara&rft.atitle=La+pressi%C3%B3+de+l%27Estat+no+fa+perdre+suports+a+l%271-O+ni+a+la+independ%C3%A8ncia&rft.date=2017-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ara.cat%2Fpolitica%2Fpressio-lEstat-perdre-suports-independencia_0_1838216205.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CEOJul17-188">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CEOJul17_188-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CEOJul17_188-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CEOJul17_188-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190958/http://ceo.gencat.cat/ceop/AppJava/export/sites/CEOPortal/documents/dossiers_premsa/Dossier_de_premsa_-857.pdf">"Baròmetre d'Opinió Política. 2a onada 2017"</a> (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 21 July 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ceo.gencat.cat/ceop/AppJava/export/sites/CEOPortal/documents/dossiers_premsa/Dossier_de_premsa_-857.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CEO&rft.atitle=Bar%C3%B2metre+d%27Opini%C3%B3+Pol%C3%ADtica.+2a+onada+2017&rft.date=2017-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fceo.gencat.cat%2Fceop%2FAppJava%2Fexport%2Fsites%2FCEOPortal%2Fdocuments%2Fdossiers_premsa%2FDossier_de_premsa_-857.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170724095757/http://ceo.gencat.cat/ceop/AppJava/pages/home/fitxaEstudi.html?colId=6288&lastTitle=Bar%F2metre+d%27Opini%F3+Pol%EDtica.+2a+onada+2017">"Baròmetre d'Opinió Política. 2a onada 2017 – REO 857"</a> [Political Opinion Barometer. 2nd wave 2017 – REO 857]. CEO (in Catalan, Spanish, and English). 21 July 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ceo.gencat.cat/ceop/AppJava/pages/home/fitxaEstudi.html?colId=6288&lastTitle=Bar%F2metre+d%27Opini%F3+Pol%EDtica.+2a+onada+2017">the original</a> on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CEO&rft.atitle=Bar%C3%B2metre+d%27Opini%C3%B3+Pol%C3%ADtica.+2a+onada+2017+%E2%80%93+REO+857&rft.date=2017-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fceo.gencat.cat%2Fceop%2FAppJava%2Fpages%2Fhome%2FfitxaEstudi.html%3FcolId%3D6288%26lastTitle%3DBar%25F2metre%2Bd%2527Opini%25F3%2BPol%25EDtica.%2B2a%2Bonada%2B2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larazon.es/espana/referendum-la-mayoria-dice-no-a-la-republica-catalana-HB15507563">"Referéndum: La mayoría dice no a la "república catalana""</a>. La Razón (in Spanish). 3 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Raz%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Refer%C3%A9ndum%3A+La+mayor%C3%ADa+dice+no+a+la+%22rep%C3%BAblica+catalana%22&rft.date=2017-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.larazon.es%2Fespana%2Freferendum-la-mayoria-dice-no-a-la-republica-catalana-HB15507563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190742/http://www.larazon.es/documents/10165/0/video_content_6772037_20170703054520.jpg">"Encuesta NC Report"</a>. La Razón (in Spanish). 3 July 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larazon.es/documents/10165/0/video_content_6772037_20170703054520.jpg">the original</a> on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Raz%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Encuesta+NC+Report&rft.date=2017-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.larazon.es%2Fdocuments%2F10165%2F0%2Fvideo_content_6772037_20170703054520.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20170702/423834402373/el-54-de-los-catalanes-esta-dispuesto-a-participar-en-una-consulta-unilateral.html">"El 54% de los catalanes está dispuesto a participar en una consulta unilateral"</a>. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 2 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=El+54%25+de+los+catalanes+est%C3%A1+dispuesto+a+participar+en+una+consulta+unilateral&rft.date=2017-07-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavanguardia.com%2Fpolitica%2F20170702%2F423834402373%2Fel-54-de-los-catalanes-esta-dispuesto-a-participar-en-una-consulta-unilateral.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DYMJun17-193">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DYMJun17_193-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DYMJun17_193-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2017-07-03/encuesta-dym-65-catalanes-iran-a-las-urnas-votara-si-independencia-1-de-octubre-referendum_1408498/">"El 65,4% de los catalanes que han decidido ir a las urnas el 1-O votará sí a la independencia"</a>. El Confidencial (in Spanish). 3 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Confidencial&rft.atitle=El+65%2C4%25+de+los+catalanes+que+han+decidido+ir+a+las+urnas+el+1-O+votar%C3%A1+s%C3%AD+a+la+independencia&rft.date=2017-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elconfidencial.com%2Fespana%2F2017-07-03%2Fencuesta-dym-65-catalanes-iran-a-las-urnas-votara-si-independencia-1-de-octubre-referendum_1408498%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AraJun17-194">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AraJun17_194-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AraJun17_194-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ara.cat/es/referendum-independencia-si-encuesta-ventaja-sondeo-cataluna-catalanes_0_1816618469.html">"Primera encuesta sobre el referéndum catalán: participación del 64% y ventaja para el 'sí'"</a>. Ara (in Spanish). 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ara&rft.atitle=Primera+encuesta+sobre+el+refer%C3%A9ndum+catal%C3%A1n%3A+participaci%C3%B3n+del+64%25+y+ventaja+para+el+%27s%C3%AD%27&rft.date=2017-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ara.cat%2Fes%2Freferendum-independencia-si-encuesta-ventaja-sondeo-cataluna-catalanes_0_1816618469.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CEOMar17-195">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CEOMar17_195-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CEOMar17_195-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170407182034/http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2017/03/30/11/07/bd7b146e-0841-4cf1-9e8a-9e644f1cd0d1.pdf">"Baròmetre d'Opinió Política. 1a onada 2017"</a> (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 30 March 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2017/03/30/11/07/bd7b146e-0841-4cf1-9e8a-9e644f1cd0d1.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CEO&rft.atitle=Bar%C3%B2metre+d%27Opini%C3%B3+Pol%C3%ADtica.+1a+onada+2017&rft.date=2017-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpremsa.gencat.cat%2Fpres_fsvp%2Fdocs%2F2017%2F03%2F30%2F11%2F07%2Fbd7b146e-0841-4cf1-9e8a-9e644f1cd0d1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenational.scot/news/15567874.Huge_upsurge_in_support_for_independence_is_revealed_in_world_exclusive_final_Catalan_poll/">"Huge upsurge in support for independence is revealed in world exclusive final Catalan poll"</a>. The National. 3 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=Huge+upsurge+in+support+for+independence+is+revealed+in+world+exclusive+final+Catalan+poll&rft.date=2017-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.scot%2Fnews%2F15567874.Huge_upsurge_in_support_for_independence_is_revealed_in_world_exclusive_final_Catalan_poll%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eldiario.es/politica/catalanes-encuesta-referendum_0_687681559.html">"El 60% de los catalanes quiere participar en el referéndum del 1-O"</a>. eldiario.es (in Spanish). 17 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eldiario.es&rft.atitle=El+60%25+de+los+catalanes+quiere+participar+en+el+refer%C3%A9ndum+del+1-O&rft.date=2017-09-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldiario.es%2Fpolitica%2Fcatalanes-encuesta-referendum_0_687681559.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elespanol.com/espana/politica/20170904/244226382_0.html">"El 'sí' ganará con un 72% y un 50% de participación si se celebra el referéndum"</a>. El Español (in Spanish). 5 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Espa%C3%B1ol&rft.atitle=El+%27s%C3%AD%27+ganar%C3%A1+con+un+72%25+y+un+50%25+de+participaci%C3%B3n+si+se+celebra+el+refer%C3%A9ndum&rft.date=2017-09-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elespanol.com%2Fespana%2Fpolitica%2F20170904%2F244226382_0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elespanol.com/espana/20170902/243726044_0.html">"El 50,1% de los catalanes está a favor de la independencia, el 45,7% en contra"</a>. El Español (in Spanish). 3 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Espa%C3%B1ol&rft.atitle=El+50%2C1%25+de+los+catalanes+est%C3%A1+a+favor+de+la+independencia%2C+el+45%2C7%25+en+contra&rft.date=2017-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elespanol.com%2Fespana%2F20170902%2F243726044_0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/2017/04/17/pagina-10/97696630/pdf.html">"El referéndum unilateral pierde apoyos frente a la consulta acordada"</a>. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 17 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=El+refer%C3%A9ndum+unilateral+pierde+apoyos+frente+a+la+consulta+acordada&rft.date=2017-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhemeroteca.lavanguardia.com%2Fpreview%2F2017%2F04%2F17%2Fpagina-10%2F97696630%2Fpdf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GAD3Jan17-204">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GAD3Jan17_204-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GAD3Jan17_204-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/2017/01/09/pagina-14/97450130/pdf.html">"La mayoría quiere un referéndum pactado y descarta la unilateralidad"</a>. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=La+mayor%C3%ADa+quiere+un+refer%C3%A9ndum+pactado+y+descarta+la+unilateralidad&rft.date=2017-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhemeroteca.lavanguardia.com%2Fpreview%2F2017%2F01%2F09%2Fpagina-14%2F97450130%2Fpdf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCDec16a-205">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCDec16a_205-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCDec16a_205-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larazon.es/espana/el-82-2-aprueba-la-oferta-de-dialogo-del-gobierno-a-la-generalitat-IN14198110">"El 82,2% aprueba la oferta de diálogo del Gobierno a la Generalitat"</a>. La Razón (in Spanish). 27 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Raz%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=El+82%2C2%25+aprueba+la+oferta+de+di%C3%A1logo+del+Gobierno+a+la+Generalitat&rft.date=2016-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.larazon.es%2Fespana%2Fel-82-2-aprueba-la-oferta-de-dialogo-del-gobierno-a-la-generalitat-IN14198110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCDec16b-206">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCDec16b_206-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCDec16b_206-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170328105247/http://www.larazon.es/documents/10165/0/video_content_5873144_20161227022550.pdf">"Apoyo a más financiación y mayor autogobierno"</a> (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). 27 December 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larazon.es/documents/10165/0/video_content_5873144_20161227022550.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Raz%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Apoyo+a+m%C3%A1s+financiaci%C3%B3n+y+mayor+autogobierno&rft.date=2016-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.larazon.es%2Fdocuments%2F10165%2F0%2Fvideo_content_5873144_20161227022550.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161230001853/http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2016/12/29/08/33/deeace59-a7e5-4e36-926c-3ffeef8b2e4c.pdf">"Enquesta sobre context polític a Catalunya. 2016"</a> (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 29 December 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2016/12/29/08/33/deeace59-a7e5-4e36-926c-3ffeef8b2e4c.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CEO&rft.atitle=Enquesta+sobre+context+pol%C3%ADtic+a+Catalunya.+2016&rft.date=2016-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpremsa.gencat.cat%2Fpres_fsvp%2Fdocs%2F2016%2F12%2F29%2F08%2F33%2Fdeeace59-a7e5-4e36-926c-3ffeef8b2e4c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GESOPDec16-209">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GESOPDec16_209-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GESOPDec16_209-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/politica/referendum-independencia-encuesta-5697731">"El referéndum unilateral de independencia divide a los catalanes"</a>. El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 17 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Peri%C3%B3dico+de+Catalunya&rft.atitle=El+refer%C3%A9ndum+unilateral+de+independencia+divide+a+los+catalanes&rft.date=2016-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elperiodico.com%2Fes%2Fnoticias%2Fpolitica%2Freferendum-independencia-encuesta-5697731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924141808/http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2016/11/17/12/39/6e2a0387-47ed-4584-b6c7-0da2d7441b2a.pdf">"Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 39. 3a onada 2016"</a> (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 18 November 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2016/11/17/12/39/6e2a0387-47ed-4584-b6c7-0da2d7441b2a.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 24 September 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CEO&rft.atitle=Bar%C3%B2metre+d%27Opini%C3%B3+Pol%C3%ADtica+39.+3a+onada+2016&rft.date=2016-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpremsa.gencat.cat%2Fpres_fsvp%2Fdocs%2F2016%2F11%2F17%2F12%2F39%2F6e2a0387-47ed-4584-b6c7-0da2d7441b2a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icps.cat/archivos/sondeigs/sc2016nacespcat.pdf">"Sondeig d'opinió Catalunya 2016"</a> (PDF). ICPS (in Catalan). 17 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICPS&rft.atitle=Sondeig+d%27opini%C3%B3+Catalunya+2016&rft.date=2016-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icps.cat%2Farchivos%2Fsondeigs%2Fsc2016nacespcat.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCAug16-214">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCAug16_214-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCAug16_214-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larazon.es/espana/la-mitad-de-los-catalanes-cree-que-el-parlament-se-sometera-al-tc-CD13327533">"La mitad de los catalanes cree que el Parlament se someterá al TC"</a>. La Razón (in Spanish). 12 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Raz%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=La+mitad+de+los+catalanes+cree+que+el+Parlament+se+someter%C3%A1+al+TC&rft.date=2016-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.larazon.es%2Fespana%2Fla-mitad-de-los-catalanes-cree-que-el-parlament-se-sometera-al-tc-CD13327533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160807000844/http://ceo.gencat.cat/ceop/AppJava/export/sites/CEOPortal/documents/dossiers_premsa/Dossier_de_premsa_-826.pdf">"Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 38. 2a onada 2016"</a> (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 22 July 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ceo.gencat.cat/ceop/AppJava/export/sites/CEOPortal/documents/dossiers_premsa/Dossier_de_premsa_-826.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CEO&rft.atitle=Bar%C3%B2metre+d%27Opini%C3%B3+Pol%C3%ADtica+38.+2a+onada+2016&rft.date=2016-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fceo.gencat.cat%2Fceop%2FAppJava%2Fexport%2Fsites%2FCEOPortal%2Fdocuments%2Fdossiers_premsa%2FDossier_de_premsa_-826.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GAD3Jun16-217">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GAD3Jun16_217-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GAD3Jun16_217-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/2016/06/19/pagina-20/96911489/pdf.html">"La mayoría apuesta por mejorar el autogobierno y aparcar la separación"</a>. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 19 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=La+mayor%C3%ADa+apuesta+por+mejorar+el+autogobierno+y+aparcar+la+separaci%C3%B3n&rft.date=2016-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhemeroteca.lavanguardia.com%2Fpreview%2F2016%2F06%2F19%2Fpagina-20%2F96911489%2Fpdf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171002183800/http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2016/03/18/11/09/0312d080-3f65-47f8-a2ef-e3675c575ec5.pdf">"Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 37. 1a onada 2016"</a> (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 18 March 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2016/03/18/11/09/0312d080-3f65-47f8-a2ef-e3675c575ec5.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CEO&rft.atitle=Bar%C3%B2metre+d%27Opini%C3%B3+Pol%C3%ADtica+37.+1a+onada+2016&rft.date=2016-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpremsa.gencat.cat%2Fpres_fsvp%2Fdocs%2F2016%2F03%2F18%2F11%2F09%2F0312d080-3f65-47f8-a2ef-e3675c575ec5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCDec15a-219"><a href="#cite_ref-NCDec15a_219-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larazon.es/espana/la-gran-mayoria-de-los-catalanes-pide-no-apoyar-a-mas-y-convocar-elecciones-CG11606105">"La gran mayoría de los catalanes pide no apoyar a Mas"</a>. La Razón (in Spanish). 3 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Raz%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=La+gran+mayor%C3%ADa+de+los+catalanes+pide+no+apoyar+a+Mas&rft.date=2016-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.larazon.es%2Fespana%2Fla-gran-mayoria-de-los-catalanes-pide-no-apoyar-a-mas-y-convocar-elecciones-CG11606105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCDec15b-220"><a href="#cite_ref-NCDec15b_220-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313214058/http://www.larazon.es/documents/10165/0/video_content_4184724_20160103040906.pdf">"¿Cree que se deberían repetir las elecciones al Parlament de Cataluña?"</a> (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). 3 January 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larazon.es/documents/10165/0/video_content_4184724_20160103040906.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 13 March 2017. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2015/11/13/12/06/adadcc7e-6d3a-400e-82ba-07b92f9d2086.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 March 2017. 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La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 12 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=Casi+el+40%25+apoya+reformar+la+Constituci%C3%B3n+como+salida&rft.date=2015-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhemeroteca.lavanguardia.com%2Fpreview%2F2015%2F07%2F12%2Fpagina-18%2F95634512%2Fpdf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150704102652/http://ceo.gencat.cat/ceop/AppJava/export/sites/CEOPortal/documents/dossiers_premsa/Dossier_de_premsa_-795.pdf">"Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 35. 2a onada 2015"</a> (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 3 July 2015. 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CEO (in Catalan). 30 October 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.8tv.cat/8aldia/politica/exclusiva-enquesta-gesop-el-462-dels-catalans-votarien-avui-a-favor-de-la-independencia/">the original</a> on 4 August 2017. 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Retrieved 28 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CEO&rft.atitle=Bar%C3%B2metre+d%27Opini%C3%B3+Pol%C3%ADtica+33.+2a+onada+2014&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fceo.gencat.cat%2Fceop%2FAppJava%2Fexport%2Fsites%2FCEOPortal%2Fdocuments%2Fdossiers_premsa%2FDossier_de_premsa_-758.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/cataluna/2014/09/01/54038585ca4741d4698b4597.html">"La secesión divide a los catalanes..."</a> El Mundo (in Spanish). 1 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Mundo&rft.atitle=La+secesi%C3%B3n+divide+a+los+catalanes...&rft.date=2014-09-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Fcataluna%2F2014%2F09%2F01%2F54038585ca4741d4698b4597.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FMay14-247">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FMay14_247-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FMay14_247-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/2014/05/12/pagina-14/93888610/pdf.html">"Empate entre partidarios y contrarios a la independencia"</a>. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 12 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=Empate+entre+partidarios+y+contrarios+a+la+independencia&rft.date=2014-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhemeroteca.lavanguardia.com%2Fpreview%2F2014%2F05%2F12%2Fpagina-14%2F93888610%2Fpdf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208142125/http://ceo.gencat.cat/ceop/AppJava/export/sites/CEOPortal/documents/dossiers_premsa/Dossierdepremsa_-746.pdf">"Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 32. 1a onada 2014"</a> (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 30 April 2014. 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CEO (in Catalan). 21 February 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ceo.gencat.cat/ceop/AppJava/export/sites/CEOPortal/documents/dossiers_premsa/Dossier_de_premsa_-712.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CEO&rft.atitle=Bar%C3%B2metre+d%27Opini%C3%B3+Pol%C3%ADtica+29.+1a+onada+2013&rft.date=2013-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fceo.gencat.cat%2Fceop%2FAppJava%2Fexport%2Fsites%2FCEOPortal%2Fdocuments%2Fdossiers_premsa%2FDossier_de_premsa_-712.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GESOPJan13-259">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GESOPJan13_259-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GESOPJan13_259-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/politica/consulta-soberanista-barometro-politico-invierno-periodico-catalunya-2298484">"La mayoría de los catalanes están a favor de la consulta"</a>. El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 20 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Peri%C3%B3dico+de+Catalunya&rft.atitle=La+mayor%C3%ADa+de+los+catalanes+est%C3%A1n+a+favor+de+la+consulta&rft.date=2013-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elperiodico.com%2Fes%2Fnoticias%2Fpolitica%2Fconsulta-soberanista-barometro-politico-invierno-periodico-catalunya-2298484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icps.cat/archivos/sondeigs/SC2012NacEspCatala.pdf">"Sondeig d'opinió Catalunya 2012"</a> (PDF). ICPS (in Catalan). 20 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICPS&rft.atitle=Sondeig+d%27opini%C3%B3+Catalunya+2012&rft.date=2012-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icps.cat%2Farchivos%2Fsondeigs%2FSC2012NacEspCatala.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FNov12-2-261">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FNov12-2_261-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FNov12-2_261-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/2012/11/18/pagina-20/90815516/pdf.html">"El pacto fiscal sigue imponiéndose a la independencia, que se estanca"</a>. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 18 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=El+pacto+fiscal+sigue+imponi%C3%A9ndose+a+la+independencia%2C+que+se+estanca&rft.date=2012-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhemeroteca.lavanguardia.com%2Fpreview%2F2012%2F11%2F18%2Fpagina-20%2F90815516%2Fpdf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FNov12-1-263">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FNov12-1_263-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FNov12-1_263-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/2012/11/11/pagina-20/90756941/pdf.html">"El pacto fiscal se impone a la independencia, que pierde apoyo"</a>. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 11 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=El+pacto+fiscal+se+impone+a+la+independencia%2C+que+pierde+apoyo&rft.date=2012-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhemeroteca.lavanguardia.com%2Fpreview%2F2012%2F11%2F11%2Fpagina-20%2F90756941%2Fpdf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329140526/http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2012/11/08/11/14/6bffd5a2-fe82-4ba9-b88c-efe7a27911d0.pdf">"Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 28. 3a onada 2012"</a> (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 8 November 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2012/11/08/11/14/6bffd5a2-fe82-4ba9-b88c-efe7a27911d0.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CEO&rft.atitle=Bar%C3%B2metre+d%27Opini%C3%B3+Pol%C3%ADtica+28.+3a+onada+2012&rft.date=2012-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpremsa.gencat.cat%2Fpres_fsvp%2Fdocs%2F2012%2F11%2F08%2F11%2F14%2F6bffd5a2-fe82-4ba9-b88c-efe7a27911d0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOct12-2-265">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOct12-2_265-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOct12-2_265-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/2012/10/28/pagina-18/90670039/pdf.html">"El pacto fiscal neutralizaría la mayoría independentista"</a>. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 28 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=El+pacto+fiscal+neutralizar%C3%ADa+la+mayor%C3%ADa+independentista&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhemeroteca.lavanguardia.com%2Fpreview%2F2012%2F10%2F28%2Fpagina-18%2F90670039%2Fpdf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOct12-1-266">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOct12-1_266-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOct12-1_266-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/2012/10/14/pagina-20/90600942/pdf.html">"El 65% ve viable la independencia pero entiende el temor empresarial"</a>. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 14 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=El+65%25+ve+viable+la+independencia+pero+entiende+el+temor+empresarial&rft.date=2012-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhemeroteca.lavanguardia.com%2Fpreview%2F2012%2F10%2F14%2Fpagina-20%2F90600942%2Fpdf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FSep12-267">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FSep12_267-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FSep12_267-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/2012/10/14/pagina-20/90600942/pdf.html">"El 84% de los catalanes apoya una consulta y el 55%, la independencia"</a>. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 30 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=El+84%25+de+los+catalanes+apoya+una+consulta+y+el+55%25%2C+la+independencia&rft.date=2012-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhemeroteca.lavanguardia.com%2Fpreview%2F2012%2F10%2F14%2Fpagina-20%2F90600942%2Fpdf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120913102322/http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2012/06/27/10/36/60220d32-3dde-4bbe-bd32-e66085959a29.pdf">"Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 27. 2a onada 2012"</a> (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 27 June 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2012/06/27/10/36/60220d32-3dde-4bbe-bd32-e66085959a29.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CEO&rft.atitle=Bar%C3%B2metre+d%27Opini%C3%B3+Pol%C3%ADtica+27.+2a+onada+2012&rft.date=2012-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpremsa.gencat.cat%2Fpres_fsvp%2Fdocs%2F2012%2F06%2F27%2F10%2F36%2F60220d32-3dde-4bbe-bd32-e66085959a29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171004125250/http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2012/03/02/10/08/fe6b6bb1-ead5-496e-b6a7-653ffb7439b1.pdf">"Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 26. 1a onada 2012"</a> (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 2 March 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2012/03/02/10/08/fe6b6bb1-ead5-496e-b6a7-653ffb7439b1.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CEO&rft.atitle=Bar%C3%B2metre+d%27Opini%C3%B3+Pol%C3%ADtica+26.+1a+onada+2012&rft.date=2012-03-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpremsa.gencat.cat%2Fpres_fsvp%2Fdocs%2F2012%2F03%2F02%2F10%2F08%2Ffe6b6bb1-ead5-496e-b6a7-653ffb7439b1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150716165026/http://www.icps.cat/archivos/sondeigs/SC2011NacEspCatala.pdf">"Sondeig d'opinió Catalunya 2011"</a> (PDF). ICPS (in Catalan). 27 October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icps.cat/archivos/sondeigs/SC2011NacEspCatala.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICPS&rft.atitle=Sondeig+d%27opini%C3%B3+Catalunya+2011&rft.date=2011-10-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icps.cat%2Farchivos%2Fsondeigs%2FSC2011NacEspCatala.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329050201/http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2011/10/25/10/46/bd872d6e-4d2f-4683-a4b2-5214aa4b2b95.pdf">"Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 25. 3a onada 2011"</a> (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 25 October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2011/10/25/10/46/bd872d6e-4d2f-4683-a4b2-5214aa4b2b95.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CEO&rft.atitle=Bar%C3%B2metre+d%27Opini%C3%B3+Pol%C3%ADtica+25.+3a+onada+2011&rft.date=2011-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpremsa.gencat.cat%2Fpres_fsvp%2Fdocs%2F2011%2F10%2F25%2F10%2F46%2Fbd872d6e-4d2f-4683-a4b2-5214aa4b2b95.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110915153934/http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2011/06/29/10/21/2e9d54f1-b141-480a-9efd-e797ce28be1c.pdf">"Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 24. 2a onada 2011"</a> (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 29 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2011/06/29/10/21/2e9d54f1-b141-480a-9efd-e797ce28be1c.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 15 September 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CEO&rft.atitle=Bar%C3%B2metre+d%27Opini%C3%B3+Pol%C3%ADtica+24.+2a+onada+2011&rft.date=2011-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpremsa.gencat.cat%2Fpres_fsvp%2Fdocs%2F2011%2F06%2F29%2F10%2F21%2F2e9d54f1-b141-480a-9efd-e797ce28be1c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/2010/09/07/pagina-13/82891388/pdf.html">"El apoyo a la independencia remite y cae al 40%, frente al 45% en contra"</a>. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 7 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=El+apoyo+a+la+independencia+remite+y+cae+al+40%25%2C+frente+al+45%25+en+contra&rft.date=2010-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhemeroteca.lavanguardia.com%2Fpreview%2F2010%2F09%2F07%2Fpagina-13%2F82891388%2Fpdf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/09/22/media/1506106430_606062.html">"Sondeo sobre el referéndum en Cataluña"</a>. El País (in Spanish). 22 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Sondeo+sobre+el+refer%C3%A9ndum+en+Catalu%C3%B1a&rft.date=2017-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Felpais%2F2017%2F09%2F22%2Fmedia%2F1506106430_606062.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/politica/los-catalanes-avalan-referendum-pero-resto-espana-5859016">"Referéndum: apoyo del 71,9% en Catalunya y rechazo del 61,5% en el resto de España"</a>. El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 25 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Peri%C3%B3dico+de+Catalunya&rft.atitle=Refer%C3%A9ndum%3A+apoyo+del+71%2C9%25+en+Catalunya+y+rechazo+del+61%2C5%25+en+el+resto+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.date=2017-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elperiodico.com%2Fes%2Fnoticias%2Fpolitica%2Flos-catalanes-avalan-referendum-pero-resto-espana-5859016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larazon.es/espana/el-76-3-de-los-que-no-votaron-el-9-n-no-quiere-la-independencia-BG7932883">"El 76,3% de los que no votaron el 9-N no quiere la independencia"</a>. 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Hoy por hoy (in European Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Cadena_SER" title="Cadena SER">Cadena SER</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hoy+por+hoy&rft.atitle=Mediaciones+e+instituciones&rft.date=2017-10-05&rft.aulast=Gallego-D%C3%ADaz&rft.aufirst=Soledad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcadenaser.com%2Fprograma%2F2017%2F10%2F05%2Fhoy_por_hoy%2F1507161876_966223.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheGuardian06092017-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TheGuardian06092017_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheGuardian06092017_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/06/spanish-government-condemns-catalonia-over-independence-referendum">"Catalonia to hold independence vote despite anger in Madrid"</a>. The Guardian. 6 September 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017. <q>The Catalan government has not set a threshold for minimum turnout, arguing the vote will be binding regardless of the level of participation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Catalonia+to+hold+independence+vote+despite+anger+in+Madrid&rft.date=2017-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fsep%2F06%2Fspanish-government-condemns-catalonia-over-independence-referendum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2017" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Sam (10 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/06/spanish-government-condemns-catalonia-over-independence-referendum">"Catalans to celebrate their national day with independence protests"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 18 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Catalans+to+celebrate+their+national+day+with+independence+protests&rft.date=2017-09-10&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fsep%2F06%2Fspanish-government-condemns-catalonia-over-independence-referendum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/catalonia-catalan-independence-referendum-spain-constitutional-court-void-a8004941.html">"Spain just declared Catalan referendum law void"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. 17 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/catalonia-catalan-independence-referendum-spain-constitutional-court-void-a8004941.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Spain+just+declared+Catalan+referendum+law+void&rft.date=2017-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fcatalonia-catalan-independence-referendum-spain-constitutional-court-void-a8004941.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21724960-prime-minister-mariano-rajoy-says-vote-illegal-and-vows-block-it-catalonia-plans">"Catalonia plans an independence vote whether Spain lets it or not"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Catalonia+plans+an+independence+vote+whether+Spain+lets+it+or+not&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Feurope%2F21724960-prime-minister-mariano-rajoy-says-vote-illegal-and-vows-block-it-catalonia-plans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/catalan-independence-referendum-1474225">"Catalan independence referendum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Bangladesh)" title="The Daily Star (Bangladesh)">The Daily Star</a>. 10 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Catalan+independence+referendum&rft.date=2017-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Flaw-our-rights%2Fcatalan-independence-referendum-1474225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRíos2017" class="citation news cs1">Ríos, Pere (6 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/ccaa/2017/09/06/catalunya/1504677760_128384.html">"Las diez claves de la ley del referéndum de Cataluña"</a>. El País. Retrieved 30 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Las+diez+claves+de+la+ley+del+refer%C3%A9ndum+de+Catalu%C3%B1a&rft.date=2017-09-06&rft.aulast=R%C3%ADos&rft.aufirst=Pere&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fccaa%2F2017%2F09%2F06%2Fcatalunya%2F1504677760_128384.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mundo-2Oct17-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mundo-2Oct17_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mundo-2Oct17_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/cataluna/2017/10/02/59d1725fca4741da328b458d.html">"El Govern anuncia un 90% de 'síes' entre las 2.262.424 papeletas contadas y asegura haber escrutado el 100,88% de votos"</a>. El Mundo (in Spanish). 2 October 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Mundo&rft.atitle=El+Govern+anuncia+un+90%25+de+%27s%C3%ADes%27+entre+las+2.262.424+papeletas+contadas+y+asegura+haber+escrutado+el+100%2C88%25+de+votos&rft.date=2017-10-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Fcataluna%2F2017%2F10%2F02%2F59d1725fca4741da328b458d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Independent-2Oct17-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Independent-2Oct17_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Independent-2Oct17_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/catalan-independence-referendum-catalonia-vote-secession-spain-violence-police-a7977676.html">"Catalan independence referendum: Region votes overwhelmingly for independence from Spain"</a>. The Independent. 2 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/catalan-independence-referendum-catalonia-vote-secession-spain-violence-police-a7977676.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Catalan+independence+referendum%3A+Region+votes+overwhelmingly+for+independence+from+Spain&rft.date=2017-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fcatalan-independence-referendum-catalonia-vote-secession-spain-violence-police-a7977676.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN-2Oct17-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN-2Oct17_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN-2Oct17_25-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkeSoaresCotovio2017" class="citation news cs1">Clarke, Hilary; Soares, Isa; Cotovio, Vasco (2 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/01/europe/catalonia-spain-independence-referendum-result/index.html">"Catalonia referendum plunges Spain into political crisis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Retrieved 4 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Catalonia+referendum+plunges+Spain+into+political+crisis&rft.date=2017-10-02&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rft.au=Soares%2C+Isa&rft.au=Cotovio%2C+Vasco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F10%2F01%2Feurope%2Fcatalonia-spain-independence-referendum-result%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Universal-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Universal_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Universal_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elperiodico.com/es/politica/20171003/resultados-participacion-referendum-1o-6325986">"El independentismo, en númerus clausus"</a> (in Spanish). El Periódico de Catalunya. 3 October 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+independentismo%2C+en+n%C3%BAmerus+clausus&rft.pub=El+Peri%C3%B3dico+de+Catalunya&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elperiodico.com%2Fes%2Fpolitica%2F20171003%2Fresultados-participacion-referendum-1o-6325986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ElPais03112017-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ElPais03112017_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ElPais03112017_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ElPais03112017_27-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/ccaa/2017/10/03/catalunya/1507048467_326934.html">"El 'sí' obtuvo más votos que personas censadas en 71 municipios"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a> (in Spanish). 3 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=El+%27s%C3%AD%27+obtuvo+m%C3%A1s+votos+que+personas+censadas+en+71+municipios&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fccaa%2F2017%2F10%2F03%2Fcatalunya%2F1507048467_326934.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TurullSays-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TurullSays_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TurullSays_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkeSoaresCotovio2017" class="citation news cs1">Clarke, Hilary; Soares, Isa; Cotovio, Vasco (2 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/01/europe/catalonia-spain-independence-referendum-result/index.html">"Catalonia referendum plunges Spain into political crisis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Retrieved 4 October 2017. <q>Turnout was about 42% of the 5.3 million eligible voters... Turull said more people would have voted had it not been for Spanish police suppression. Up to 770,000 votes were lost as a result of the crackdowns at police stations, the Catalan government estimated.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Catalonia+referendum+plunges+Spain+into+political+crisis&rft.date=2017-10-02&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rft.au=Soares%2C+Isa&rft.au=Cotovio%2C+Vasco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F10%2F01%2Feurope%2Fcatalonia-spain-independence-referendum-result%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ara-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ara_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ara_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPruina2017" class="citation news cs1">Pruina, Gerard (2 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ara.cat/politica/independencai-simposa-vots_0_1879612291.html">"El 'sí' a la independència s'imposa amb 2.020.144 vots, el 90%"</a>. Ara.Cat. Retrieved 4 October 2017. <q>Els encarregats de donar els resultats des del Centre Internacional de Premsa, el vicepresident, Oriol Junqueras; el conseller de la Presidència, Jordi Turull, i el conseller d'Exteriors, Raül Romeva, han remarcat contínuament que, tot i que els 2.248.000 vots no suposen 'per se' el 50% del cens, els càlculs dels experts apunten que sense pressió policial i tancament de col·legis s'hauria pogut arribar al 55% de participació.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=El+%27s%C3%AD%27+a+la+independ%C3%A8ncia+s%27imposa+amb+2.020.144+vots%2C+el+90%25&rft.date=2017-10-02&rft.aulast=Pruina&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ara.cat%2Fpolitica%2Findependencai-simposa-vots_0_1879612291.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20171006/431822521378/mossos-cerraron-colegios-1-o-policia-guardia-civil.html">"Los Mossos cerraron más colegios el 1-O"</a>. 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(2 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/ccaa/2017/10/02/catalunya/1506898063_586836.html">"Un 90% de 'síes' con 2,2 millones de votos y una participación del 42%, según el Govern"</a>. El País.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Un+90%25+de+%27s%C3%ADes%27+con+2%2C2+millones+de+votos+y+una+participaci%C3%B3n+del+42%25%2C+seg%C3%BAn+el+Govern&rft.date=2017-10-02&rft.aulast=Baquero&rft.aufirst=Camilo+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fccaa%2F2017%2F10%2F02%2Fcatalunya%2F1506898063_586836.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarea2017" class="citation web cs1">Garea, Fernando (17 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2017-09-17/referendum-censo-garantias-inviable-1-o_1444382/">"El referéndum inviable: sin censo, garantías internacionales ni protección de datos"</a>. elconfidencial.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=elconfidencial.com&rft.atitle=El+refer%C3%A9ndum+inviable%3A+sin+censo%2C+garant%C3%ADas+internacionales+ni+protecci%C3%B3n+de+datos&rft.date=2017-09-17&rft.aulast=Garea&rft.aufirst=Fernando&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elconfidencial.com%2Fespana%2F2017-09-17%2Freferendum-censo-garantias-inviable-1-o_1444382%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elmundo.es/cataluna/2017/09/27/59cbd9a4268e3e407b8b460d.html">"El TSJC ordena impedir el uso de locales públicos para el referéndum del 1-O"</a> (in Spanish). 27 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+TSJC+ordena+impedir+el+uso+de+locales+p%C3%BAblicos+para+el+refer%C3%A9ndum+del+1-O&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Fcataluna%2F2017%2F09%2F27%2F59cbd9a4268e3e407b8b460d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eldiario01102017-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Eldiario01102017_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eldiario.es/politica/pasividad-Mossos-posteriores-policiales-votaciones_0_692581270.html">"1-O.La pasividad de los Mossos y las posteriores cargas policiales marcan un día de tensión con votaciones sin garantías"</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Eldiario.es" class="mw-redirect" title="Eldiario.es">Eldiario.es</a>. 1 October 2017. 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Retrieved 1 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EITB&rft.atitle=El+Parlamento+Vasco+muestra+su+apoyo+al+refer%C3%A9ndum+catal%C3%A1n&rft.date=2017-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eitb.eus%2Fes%2Fnoticias%2Fpolitica%2Fdetalle%2F5109235%2Fel-parlamento-vasco-muestra-su-apoyo-al-referendum-catalan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/pais-vasco/2017-09-16/manifestacion-en-bilbao-para-defender-referendum-catalan_1444831/">"PNV y Bildu defienden en una manifestación en Bilbao el referéndum catalán"</a>. El Confidencial. 30 September 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Confidencial&rft.atitle=PNV+y+Bildu+defienden+en+una+manifestaci%C3%B3n+en+Bilbao+el+refer%C3%A9ndum+catal%C3%A1n&rft.date=2017-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elconfidencial.com%2Fespana%2Fpais-vasco%2F2017-09-16%2Fmanifestacion-en-bilbao-para-defender-referendum-catalan_1444831%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eitb.eus/es/noticias/politica/detalle/5114560/manifestacion-gure-esku-dago-bilbao-30-septiembre-apoyo-masivo/">"Espaldarazo al referéndum catalán en Bilbao"</a>. EITB. 30 September 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EITB&rft.atitle=Espaldarazo+al+refer%C3%A9ndum+catal%C3%A1n+en+Bilbao&rft.date=2017-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eitb.eus%2Fes%2Fnoticias%2Fpolitica%2Fdetalle%2F5114560%2Fmanifestacion-gure-esku-dago-bilbao-30-septiembre-apoyo-masivo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> The communiqué published in <a href="/wiki/Gara_(newspaper)" title="Gara (newspaper)">Gara</a> read that "the Spanish state is a prison for the people, and this is shown by denying the national identity of the Catalan countries. The Spanish state has also become a prison for democracy, since it has trampled on the rights of the Catalans;" see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.es/20170927/basque-terrorist-group-eta-slams-madrids-opposition-to-catalan-independence-vote">"Basque terrorist group ETA slams Madrid's opposition to Catalan independence vote"</a>. The Local Spain. 27 September 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local+Spain&rft.atitle=Basque+terrorist+group+ETA+slams+Madrid%27s+opposition+to+Catalan+independence+vote&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.es%2F20170927%2Fbasque-terrorist-group-eta-slams-madrids-opposition-to-catalan-independence-vote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eitb.eus/es/noticias/politica/videos/detalle/5093601/video-el-parlamento-navarra-rechaza-detenciones-cataluna//">"El Parlamento Vasco muestra su apoyo al referéndum catalán"</a>. EITB. 21 September 2017. 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El Diario. Retrieved 7 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Diario&rft.atitle=El+PP+exige+a+Carmena+que+proh%C3%ADba+el+acto+de+apoyo+al+refer%C3%A9ndum+catal%C3%A1n+por+incluir+una+corona+del+rev%C3%A9s+en+el+cartel&rft.date=2017-09-04&rft.au=Europa+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldiario.es%2Fpolitica%2FPP-Carmena-prohiba-referendum-catalan_0_683131925.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropa_Press2017" class="citation news cs1">Europa Press (15 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eldiario.es/politica/Madrid-referendum-celebrara-teatro-privado_0_686982174.html">"El acto en Madrid pro referéndum se celebrará en un teatro privado"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ministro+acredita+que+Espanha+saber%C3%A1+resolver+quest%C3%A3o+do+referendo+na+Catalunha&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsicnoticias.sapo.pt%2Fpais%2F2017-09-27-Ministro-acredita-que-Espanha-sabera-resolver-questao-do-referendo-na-Catalunha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dn.pt/portugal/interior/catalunha-personalidades-portuguesas-lancam-manifesto-por-uma-solucao-politica-negociada-8818098.html">"Personalidades portuguesas lançam manifesto por uma "solução política negociada""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A1rio_de_Not%C3%ADcias" title="Diário de Notícias">Diário de Notícias</a>. 3 October 2017. 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TASS. 1 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Spanish+authorities+should+begin+dialogue+with+Catalans+%E2%80%93+Russian+senator&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftass.com%2Fpolitics%2F968316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dačić-154">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dačić_154-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dačić_154-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171001032351/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/about-the-ministry/minister/minister-interviews/15808-serbia-foreign-minister-ivica-dacic-i-hope-the-eu-will-survive-until-were-ready-to-join">"Serbia Foreign Minister Ivica Dacic: 'I hope the EU will survive until we're ready to join'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Serbia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Serbia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Serbia)</a>. 7 September 2017. 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Retrieved 30 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serbia+Foreign+Minister+Ivica+Dacic%3A+%27I+hope+the+EU+will+survive+until+we%27re+ready+to+join%27&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+%28Serbia%29&rft.date=2017-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.rs%2Fen%2Fabout-the-ministry%2Fminister%2Fminister-interviews%2F15808-serbia-foreign-minister-ivica-dacic-i-hope-the-eu-will-survive-until-were-ready-to-join&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2017" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Boris (1 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/BorisJohnson/status/914577999663595522">"twitter.com"</a>. @BorisJohnson. Retrieved 1 October 2017. <q>The Catalonian referendum is a matter for the Spanish govt & people. Imp that Spanish constitution respected & the rule of law upheld. (1/2)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%40BorisJohnson&rft.atitle=twitter.com&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FBorisJohnson%2Fstatus%2F914577999663595522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiñol2017" class="citation news cs1">Piñol, Àngels (13 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/04/13/inenglish/1492070470_861927.html">"US snubs Catalan independence drive in latest setback for separatists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a>. 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The Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. Retrieved 27 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+says+U.S.+opposes+independence+bid+in+Spain%27s+Catalonia+region&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Gearan&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpost-politics%2Fwp%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Ftrump-says-u-s-opposes-independence-bid-in-spains-catalonia-region%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMortimer" class="citation news cs1">Mortimer, Caroline. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/catalonia-independence-referendum-jeremy-corbyn-theresa-may-violence-intervention-mariano-rajoy-a7976976.html">"Catalan referendum: Jeremy Corbyn urges Theresa May to intervene 'to find political solution to the crisis'"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/catalonia-independence-referendum-jeremy-corbyn-theresa-may-violence-intervention-mariano-rajoy-a7976976.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Catalan+referendum%3A+Jeremy+Corbyn+urges+Theresa+May+to+intervene+%27to+find+political+solution+to+the+crisis%27&rft.aulast=Mortimer&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fcatalonia-independence-referendum-jeremy-corbyn-theresa-may-violence-intervention-mariano-rajoy-a7976976.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotsman.com/news/scottish-government-release-statement-on-catalonia-referendum-1-4561960">"Scottish Government release statement on Catalonia referendum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Scotsman" title="The Scotsman">The Scotsman</a>. 16 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&rft.atitle=Scottish+Government+release+statement+on+Catalonia+referendum&rft.date=2017-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Fnews%2Fscottish-government-release-statement-on-catalonia-referendum-1-4561960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.scotsman.com/news/scottish-government-release-statement-on-catalonia-referendum-1-4561960">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2017" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Carwyn (1 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/fmwales/status/914499466375331840">"twitter.com"</a>. @fmwales. Retrieved 1 October 2017. <q>Horrific scenes on the streets of #Catalonia today. When violence replaces democracy and dialogue there are no winners.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%40fmwales&rft.atitle=twitter.com&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Carwyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Ffmwales%2Fstatus%2F914499466375331840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeanneWood2017" class="citation web cs1">LeanneWood (1 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/LeanneWood/status/914549319335911425">"Distancing myself from comments by @WelshGovernment & #Rhondda's MP on #Catalonia today. There's no equivalence -violence not on both sides!"</a>. @LeanneWood. 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Retrieved 21 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiegel&rft.atitle=Europ%C3%A4ische+Linke+verurteilt+Verhaftungen+in+Katalonien&rft.date=2017-09-20&rft.aulast=Heine&rft.aufirst=Hannes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fgeplantes-unabhaengigkeitsreferendum-europaeische-linke-verurteilt-verhaftungen-in-katalonien%2F20353930.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tgcom24.mediaset.it/politica/catalogna-salvini-fanno-come-contro-la-lega-e-una-vergogna-_3095881-201702a.shtml">"Catalogna, Salvini: "Fanno come contro la Lega, è una vergogna" – Tgcom24"</a>. 20 September 2017. 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VilaWeb.cat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VilaWeb.cat&rft.atitle=Diputats+sards+demanen+al+seu+govern+que+imprimeixi+i+guardi+les+butlletes+pel+refer%C3%A8ndum+catal%C3%A0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vilaweb.cat%2Fnoticies%2Fdiputats-sards-demanen-al-seu-govern-que-imprimeixin-i-guardin-les-butlletes-pel-referendum-catala%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lanuovasardegna.it/regione/2017/09/21/news/arresti-contro-il-referendum-popolare-la-sardegna-si-schiera-con-la-catalogna-1.15883740">"Arresti contro il referendum popolare, la Sardegna si schiera con la Catalogna – Regione – la Nuova Sardegna"</a>. 21 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arresti+contro+il+referendum+popolare%2C+la+Sardegna+si+schiera+con+la+Catalogna+%E2%80%93+Regione+%E2%80%93+la+Nuova+Sardegna&rft.date=2017-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lanuovasardegna.it%2Fregione%2F2017%2F09%2F21%2Fnews%2Farresti-contro-il-referendum-popolare-la-sardegna-si-schiera-con-la-catalogna-1.15883740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unionesarda.it/articolo/cronaca/2017/09/22/la_sardegna_sostiene_la_catalogna_il_voto_popolare_non_deve_mai_f-68-647328.html#">"La Sardegna sostiene la Catalogna: "Il voto popolare non deve mai fare paura" – Cronaca – L'Unione Sarda.it"</a>. 22 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Sardegna+sostiene+la+Catalogna%3A+%22Il+voto+popolare+non+deve+mai+fare+paura%22+%E2%80%93+Cronaca+%E2%80%93+L%27Unione+Sarda.it&rft.date=2017-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unionesarda.it%2Farticolo%2Fcronaca%2F2017%2F09%2F22%2Fla_sardegna_sostiene_la_catalogna_il_voto_popolare_non_deve_mai_f-68-647328.html%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ansa.it/sardegna/notizie/2017/10/25/catalogna-odg-consiglio-contro-violenze_e78f6bbf-12eb-4cd6-bfc8-879ea267b22f.html">"Catalogna: odg Consiglio contro violenze"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawarnews.com/tev-dem-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7/">the original</a> on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hawarnews.com&rft.atitle=TEV-DEM+%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7+%D9%85%D8%B9+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A1%D9%87%D8%A7+%E2%80%93+ANHA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawarnews.com%2Ftev-dem-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2586-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B6%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9-%25D9%2583%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7-%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomero2017" class="citation web cs1">Romero, Nazaret (30 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalannews.com/politics/item/catalans-have-the-right-to-self-determination-says-speaker-of-the-slovenian-parliament">"'Catalans have the right to self-determination', says speaker of the Slovenian Parliament"</a>. catalannews.com. 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Mi carta era del 19 de junio, la respuesta ha llegado hoy"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Esta+es+la+carta+en+la+que+Tajani+me+responde+sobre+el+golpe+en+Catalu%C3%B1a.+Mi+carta+era+del+19+de+junio%2C+la+respuesta+ha+llegado+hoy.&rft.date=2017-09-07&rft.au=beatrizbecerrab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fbeatrizbecerrab%2Fstatus%2F905740137887395841&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEU_Commission2017" class="citation web cs1">@EU_Commission (14 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/EU_Commission/status/908343828410748929">"@JunckerEU sur la Catalogne: la Commission respectera les arrêts de la Cour constitutionnelle espagnole & du Parlement espagnol #AskJuncker"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%40JunckerEU+sur+la+Catalogne%3A+la+Commission+respectera+les+arr%C3%AAts+de+la+Cour+constitutionnelle+espagnole+%26+du+Parlement+espagnol+%23AskJuncker&rft.date=2017-09-14&rft.au=EU_Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FEU_Commission%2Fstatus%2F908343828410748929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euronews.com/2017/09/14/three-youtubers-interview-president-juncker-live-on-euronews">"Juncker on Catalan referendum, Brexit and tech giants"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a>. 14 September 2017. 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Retrieved 13 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eldiario.es&rft.atitle=No%2C+la+mujer+a+la+que+se+llev%C3%B3+la+Guardia+Civil+en+volandas+no+se+hizo+una+foto+con+Otegi&rft.date=2017-10-05&rft.aulast=Cazabulos&rft.aufirst=El&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldiario.es%2Fcatalunya%2Fmujer-llevo-policia-volandas-Otegi_0_693981008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABC02102017-337"><a href="#cite_ref-ABC02102017_337-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.es/espana/catalunya/abci-mujer-aseguro-habian-roto-dedos-mano-reconoce-ahora-solo-tiene-capsulitis-201710030845_noticia.html">"La mujer que aseguró que le habían roto los dedos de una mano dice ahora que solo tiene una inflamación"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_(newspaper)" title="ABC (newspaper)">ABC</a> (in Spanish). 3 October 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017. <q>Marta Torrecillas envió un mensaje a una amiga en el que aseguraba que la Policía le había desalojado de un colegio electoral tirándola por las escaleras, arrojándole cosas y rompiéndole los dedos de la mano expresamente uno a uno. Sin embargo, en las imágenes del desalojo del citado colegio se ve cómo Torrecillas se tira al suelo cuando los agentes la invitan a abandonar el lugar y la agarran para que lo haga. Marta Torrecillas sent a message to a friend in which she claimed that the police had evicted her from an electoral college by throwing her down the stairs, throwing things at her and breaking her fingers expressly one by one. Nevertheless, in the images of the eviction of the mentioned school it is seen how Torrecillas thrown herself to the ground when the agents asked her to leave the place and they catch her so that she does it</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC&rft.atitle=La+mujer+que+asegur%C3%B3+que+le+hab%C3%ADan+roto+los+dedos+de+una+mano+dice+ahora+que+solo+tiene+una+inflamaci%C3%B3n&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Fespana%2Fcatalunya%2Fabci-mujer-aseguro-habian-roto-dedos-mano-reconoce-ahora-solo-tiene-capsulitis-201710030845_noticia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ElConfidencial03102017-338"><a href="#cite_ref-ElConfidencial03102017_338-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/cataluna/2017-10-03/mujer-dedos-rotos-referendum-cataluna-desmentido_1454686/">"No tenía los dedos rotos sino inflamados: el desmentido de la votante del 1-O"</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/El_Confidencial" title="El Confidencial">El Confidencial</a>. 3 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+ten%C3%ADa+los+dedos+rotos+sino+inflamados%3A+el+desmentido+de+la+votante+del+1-O&rft.pub=El+Confidencial&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elconfidencial.com%2Fespana%2Fcataluna%2F2017-10-03%2Fmujer-dedos-rotos-referendum-cataluna-desmentido_1454686%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/photo-essays/2017-12-22/bloomberg-s-100-best-photos-of-2017">"Bloomberg's 100 Best Photos of 2017"</a>. Bloomberg L.P. 22 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bloomberg%27s+100+Best+Photos+of+2017&rft.date=2017-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Fphoto-essays%2F2017-12-22%2Fbloomberg-s-100-best-photos-of-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarcelona2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Barcelona, El Periódico / (27 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elperiodico.com/es/politica/20171227/bloomberg-imagen-2017-violencia-policial-referendum-cataluna-6520222">"'Bloomberg' destaca como imagen del año la violencia policial del 1-O"</a>. elperiodico (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=elperiodico&rft.atitle=%27Bloomberg%27+destaca+como+imagen+del+a%C3%B1o+la+violencia+policial+del+1-O&rft.date=2017-12-27&rft.aulast=Barcelona&rft.aufirst=El+Peri%C3%B3dico+%2F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elperiodico.com%2Fes%2Fpolitica%2F20171227%2Fbloomberg-imagen-2017-violencia-policial-referendum-cataluna-6520222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2017-10-02/interior-pide-investigar-colau-acusar-policia-guardia-civil-agresiones-sexuales_1454105/">"Interior denuncia a Colau por acusar a Policía y Guardia Civil de agresiones sexuales"</a> (in Spanish). El Confidencial. 2 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interior+denuncia+a+Colau+por+acusar+a+Polic%C3%ADa+y+Guardia+Civil+de+agresiones+sexuales&rft.pub=El+Confidencial&rft.date=2017-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elconfidencial.com%2Fespana%2F2017-10-02%2Finterior-pide-investigar-colau-acusar-policia-guardia-civil-agresiones-sexuales_1454105%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/catalonia-protests-referendum-police-latest-man-shot-eye-rubber-bullet-a7979271.html">"Man 'shot in the eye with rubber bullet in Catalonia'"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/catalonia-protests-referendum-police-latest-man-shot-eye-rubber-bullet-a7979271.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Man+%27shot+in+the+eye+with+rubber+bullet+in+Catalonia%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fcatalonia-protests-referendum-police-latest-man-shot-eye-rubber-bullet-a7979271.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/catalan-referendum-police-fire-rubber-bullets-at-protesters-outside-polling-station/">"More than 800 injured in clashes in Catalonia, authorities says"</a>. Retrieved 30 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=More+than+800+injured+in+clashes+in+Catalonia%2C+authorities+says&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fcatalan-referendum-police-fire-rubber-bullets-at-protesters-outside-polling-station%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorràs2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Borràs, Enric (1 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ara.cat/politica/Setge-Ramon-Llull-resistencia-pacifica_0_1879612221.html">"Així ha sigut el setge a l'Escola Ramon Llull: resistència pacífica que no es rendeix ni perdent"</a>. Diari Ara (in Catalan). Retrieved 20 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diari+Ara&rft.atitle=Aix%C3%AD+ha+sigut+el+setge+a+l%27Escola+Ramon+Llull%3A+resist%C3%A8ncia+pac%C3%ADfica+que+no+es+rendeix+ni+perdent&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft.aulast=Borr%C3%A0s&rft.aufirst=Enric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ara.cat%2Fpolitica%2FSetge-Ramon-Llull-resistencia-pacifica_0_1879612221.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ElIndependiente23112017-345"><a href="#cite_ref-ElIndependiente23112017_345-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elindependiente.com/politica/2017/11/23/pacifista-valla-antidisturbios-1-o/">"El 'pacifista' catalán que lanzó una valla a un Antidisturbios el 1-O [The 'pacifist' Catalan who threw a fence against an anti-riot agent on 1-O]"</a>. El Independiente. 23 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Independiente&rft.atitle=El+%27pacifista%27+catal%C3%A1n+que+lanz%C3%B3+una+valla+a+un+Antidisturbios+el+1-O+%5BThe+%27pacifist%27+Catalan+who+threw+a+fence+against+an+anti-riot+agent+on+1-O%5D&rft.date=2017-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elindependiente.com%2Fpolitica%2F2017%2F11%2F23%2Fpacifista-valla-antidisturbios-1-o%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaVanguardia01102017-346"><a href="#cite_ref-LaVanguardia01102017_346-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20171001/431696318077/policia-dispara-pelotas-de-goma-al-quedar-atrapados-cerca-colegio-ramon-llull.html">"Policía dispara pelotas de goma al quedar atrapados cerca colegio Ramon Llull [Police shoot rubber balls when they get trapped near Ramon Llull school]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Vanguardia" title="La Vanguardia">La Vanguardia</a>. 1 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=Polic%C3%ADa+dispara+pelotas+de+goma+al+quedar+atrapados+cerca+colegio+Ramon+Llull+%5BPolice+shoot+rubber+balls+when+they+get+trapped+near+Ramon+Llull+school%5D&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavanguardia.com%2Fpolitica%2F20171001%2F431696318077%2Fpolicia-dispara-pelotas-de-goma-al-quedar-atrapados-cerca-colegio-ramon-llull.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaRazon01102017-347"><a href="#cite_ref-LaRazon01102017_347-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larazon.es/espana/salvajes-ataques-a-la-guardia-civil-en-las-calles-de-cataluna-BM16381055">"Salvajes ataques a la Guardia Civil en las calles de Cataluña [Wild attacks on the Civil Guard in the streets of Catalonia]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Raz%C3%B3n_(Madrid)" title="La Razón (Madrid)">La Razón</a>. 1 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Raz%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Salvajes+ataques+a+la+Guardia+Civil+en+las+calles+de+Catalu%C3%B1a+%5BWild+attacks+on+the+Civil+Guard+in+the+streets+of+Catalonia%5D&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.larazon.es%2Fespana%2Fsalvajes-ataques-a-la-guardia-civil-en-las-calles-de-cataluna-BM16381055&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaSexta01102017.3-348"><a href="#cite_ref-LaSexta01102017.3_348-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lasexta.com/noticias/nacional/carga-policiales-en-el-centro-de-barcelona-ante-la-protesta-de-los-ciudadanos_2017100159d0aad00cf2136979922afa.html">"Tensión, lanzamiento de vallas y carga policial contra los manifestantes en pleno barrio del Eixample en Barcelona [Tension, hurling of fences and police charge against protesters in the Barcelona's Eixample district]"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+M%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Brussel%C2%B7les+inaugura+l%27exposici%C3%B3+%2255+Urnes+per+la+llibertat%22+sobre+l%271-O&rft.date=2018-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felmon.cat%2Fpolitica%2Fbrusselles-inaugura-lexposicio-55-urnes-llibertat-sobre-l1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-408"><a href="#cite_ref-408">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clarin.com/mundo/netflix-usa-referendum-cataluna-promocionar-cuarta-temporada-black-mirror_0_BkhI7oo4M.html">"Netflix usa el referéndum de Cataluña para promocionar la cuarta temporada de Black Mirror"</a>. Clarín (in Spanish). 16 January 2018. 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La Razon. 18 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Razon&rft.atitle=Catalan+and+Spanish+presidents+agree+on+preparing+meeting+between+governments&rft.date=2021-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.larazon.es%2Fespana%2F20210618%2Faws7ihysrzho5dyf6gfyfspewa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutiérrezMartí_Font2023" class="citation journal cs1">Gutiérrez, José A; Martí Font, Jordi (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnana.12896">"October 2017 in Catalonia: The anarchists and the procés"</a>. Nations and Nationalism. 29 (1): 209–228. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnana.12896">10.1111/nana.12896</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1469-8129">1469-8129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nations+and+Nationalism&rft.atitle=October+2017+in+Catalonia%3A+The+anarchists+and+the+proc%C3%A9s&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=209-228&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fnana.12896&rft.issn=1469-8129&rft.aulast=Guti%C3%A9rrez&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+A&rft.au=Mart%C3%AD+Font%2C+Jordi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fnana.12896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/oct/01/the-guardian-view-on-catalonias-referendum-the-spanish-state-has-lost">"The Guardian view on Catalonia's referendum: the Spanish state has lost: Editorial"</a>. The Guardian. London, UK. 1 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Guardian+view+on+Catalonia%27s+referendum%3A+the+Spanish+state+has+lost%3A+Editorial&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2017%2Foct%2F01%2Fthe-guardian-view-on-catalonias-referendum-the-spanish-state-has-lost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalannews.com/politics/item/organizations-urge-the-eu-to-suspend-spain-s-right-of-vote-if-blocks-referendum">"Organizations urge the EU to suspend Spain's right of vote if blocks referendum"</a>. Catalan News. 26 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catalan+News&rft.atitle=Organizations+urge+the+EU+to+suspend+Spain%27s+right+of+vote+if+blocks+referendum&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catalannews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fitem%2Forganizations-urge-the-eu-to-suspend-spain-s-right-of-vote-if-blocks-referendum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2017/09/economist-explains-17">"Why the referendum on Catalan independence is illegal"</a>. The Economist. London, UK. 26 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Why+the+referendum+on+Catalan+independence+is+illegal&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Feconomist-explains%2F2017%2F09%2Feconomist-explains-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2017+Catalan+independence+referendum" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Catalan_independence_referendum&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Estelada_blava.svg/23px-Estelada_blava.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Estelada_blava.svg/35px-Estelada_blava.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Estelada_blava.svg/45px-Estelada_blava.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1707" /> <a href="/wiki/Catalan_nationalism" title="Catalan nationalism">Catalan nationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catalan_independence_movement" title="Catalan independence movement">independence movement</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Estelada_roja.svg/23px-Estelada_roja.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Estelada_roja.svg/35px-Estelada_roja.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Estelada_roja.svg/45px-Estelada_roja.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C2%A1Cu-Cut!_incident" title="¡Cu-Cut! incident">¡Cu-Cut! incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_autonomist_campaign_of_1918-1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan autonomist campaign of 1918-1919">1918-1919 autonomy campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plot_of_Prats_de_Moll%C3%B3" title="Plot of Prats de Molló">Plot of Prats de Molló</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Republic_(1931)" title="Catalan Republic (1931)">Catalan Republic (1931)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Events_of_6_October" title="Events of 6 October">Events of 6 October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Garz%C3%B3n" title="Operation Garzón">Operation Garzón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_Case" title="Fresno Case">Fresno Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%932011_Catalan_independence_referendums" title="2009–2011 Catalan independence referendums">2009–2011 independence referendums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_support_for_the_queries_on_the_independence_of_Catalonia" title="Institutional support for the queries on the independence of Catalonia">support</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Catalan_autonomy_protest" title="2010 Catalan autonomy protest">2010 autonomy protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Catalan_independence_demonstration" title="2012 Catalan independence demonstration">2012 independence demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Way" title="Catalan Way">2013 Catalan Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Way_2014" title="Catalan Way 2014">2014 Catalan Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Catalan_self-determination_referendum" title="2014 Catalan self-determination referendum">2014 self-determination referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Way_to_the_Catalan_Republic" title="Free Way to the Catalan Republic">2015 Free Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_ahead,_Catalan_Republic" title="Go ahead, Catalan Republic">2016 We are ready</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_Spanish_constitutional_crisis" title="2017–2018 Spanish constitutional crisis">2017–2018 Spanish constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_for_Yes" title="National Day for Yes">2017 National Day for Yes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yes_Campaign" title="Yes Campaign">2017 Yes Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Anubis" title="Operation Anubis">2017 Operation Anubis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2017 independence referendum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2017_Catalan_independence_referendum" title="Reactions to the 2017 Catalan independence referendum">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Catalan_general_strike" title="2017 Catalan general strike">2017 Catalan general strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Up_Europe!" title="Wake Up Europe!">2017 Wake Up Europe!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Catalan_regional_election" title="2017 Catalan regional election">2017 Catalan regional election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Catalonia_independence_leaders" title="Trial of Catalonia independence leaders">2019 trial of independence leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Catalan_protests" title="2019–2020 Catalan protests">2019–2020 protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Catalan_general_strike" title="2019 Catalan general strike">2019 Catalan general strike</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Countries" title="Catalan Countries">Catalan Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Generalitat" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Generalitat">Republican Generalitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Anti-Catalan sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Spain" title="Federalism in Spain">Federalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bases_de_Manresa" title="Bases de Manresa">Bases de Manresa</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Constitution_of_the_Catalan_Republic_of_1928" title="Draft Constitution of the Catalan Republic of 1928">Draft Constitution of the Catalan Republic</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Declaration_of_Sovereignty" title="Catalan Declaration of Sovereignty">Declaration of Sovereignty</a> (23 Jan 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Paper_on_the_National_Transition_of_Catalonia" title="White Paper on the National Transition of Catalonia">White Paper on the National Transition of Catalonia</a> (Sep 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Initiation_of_the_Process_of_Independence_of_Catalonia" title="Declaration of the Initiation of the Process of Independence of Catalonia">Initiation of the Process of Independence</a> (9 Nov 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let_Catalans_Vote" title="Let Catalans Vote">Let Catalans Vote</a> (May 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_on_the_Referendum_on_Self-determination_of_Catalonia" title="Law on the Referendum on Self-determination of Catalonia">Law on the Referendum on Self-determination</a> (6 Sep 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_juridical_transition_and_foundation_of_the_Republic" title="Law of juridical transition and foundation of the Republic">Law of juridical transition</a> (8 Sep 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_declaration_of_independence" title="Catalan declaration of independence">Catalan declaration of independence</a> (10/27 Oct 2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valent%C3%AD_Almirall_i_Llozer" title="Valentí Almirall i Llozer">Valentí Almirall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enric_Prat_de_la_Riba" title="Enric Prat de la Riba">Enric Prat de la Riba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josep_Puig_i_Cadafalch" title="Josep Puig i Cadafalch">Josep Puig i Cadafalch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Maci%C3%A0" title="Francesc Macià">Francesc Macià</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llu%C3%ADs_Companys" title="Lluís Companys">Lluís Companys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Comorera" title="Joan Comorera">Joan Comorera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josep_Irla" title="Josep Irla">Josep Irla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josep_Tarradellas" title="Josep Tarradellas">Josep Tarradellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordi_Pujol" title="Jordi Pujol">Jordi Pujol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillem_Agull%C3%B3_i_Salvador" title="Guillem Agulló i Salvador">Guillem Agulló</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josep-Llu%C3%ADs_Carod-Rovira" title="Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira">Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Mas" title="Artur Mas">Artur Mas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriol_Junqueras" title="Oriol Junqueras">Oriol Junqueras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Casals_i_Couturier" title="Muriel Casals i Couturier">Muriel Casals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carme_Forcadell" title="Carme Forcadell">Carme Forcadell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordi_S%C3%A0nchez_i_Picanyol" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordi Sànchez i Picanyol">Jordi Sànchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordi_Cuixart" title="Jordi Cuixart">Jordi Cuixart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carles_Puigdemont" title="Carles Puigdemont">Carles Puigdemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Torrent" title="Roger Torrent">Roger Torrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Gabriel_i_Sabat%C3%A9" title="Anna Gabriel i Sabaté">Anna Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quim_Torra" title="Quim Torra">Quim Torra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisenda_Paluzie" title="Elisenda Paluzie">Elisenda Paluzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pere_Aragon%C3%A8s" title="Pere Aragonès">Pere Aragonès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llu%C3%ADs_Llach" title="Lluís Llach">Lluís Llach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Municipalities_for_Independence" title="Association of Municipalities for Independence">Association of Municipalities for Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assemblea_Nacional_Catalana" title="Assemblea Nacional Catalana">Assemblea Nacional Catalana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%92mnium_Cultural" title="Òmnium Cultural">Òmnium Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_for_the_Defense_of_the_Republic" title="Committees for the Defense of the Republic">Committees for the Defense of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estat_Catal%C3%A0" title="Estat Català">Estat Català</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_National_Liberation" title="Socialist Party of National Liberation">Socialist Party of National Liberation</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_European_Democratic_Party" title="Catalan European Democratic Party">Catalan European Democratic Party</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Left_of_Catalonia" title="Republican Left of Catalonia">Republican Left of Catalonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sobiranistes" title="Sobiranistes">Sobiranistes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Together_for_Catalonia_(2020)" title="Together for Catalonia (2020)">Junts per Catalunya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_of_Catalonia" title="Democrats of Catalonia">DC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Movement" title="Left Movement">MES</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_Candidacy" title="Popular Unity Candidacy">Popular Unity Candidacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endavant" title="Endavant">Endavant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poble_Lliure" title="Poble Lliure">Poble Lliure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9s_per_Mallorca" title="Més per Mallorca">Més per Mallorca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Mallorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Party of Mallorca">PSM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9s_per_Menorca" title="Més per Menorca">Més per Menorca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Menorca" title="Socialist Party of Menorca">PSMe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Solidarity_for_Independence" title="Catalan Solidarity for Independence">Catalan Solidarity for Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagrupament" title="Reagrupament">Reagrupament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Left_of_the_Valencian_Country" title="Republican Left of the Valencian Country">Republican Left of the Valencian Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Tsunami" title="Democratic Tsunami">Democratic Tsunami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Alliance" title="Catalan Alliance">Catalan Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomist and federalist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Catalonia" title="Assembly of Catalonia">Assembly of Catalonia</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Socialist_Party_of_Catalonia" title="Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia">Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Convergence_of_Catalonia" title="Democratic Convergence of Catalonia">Democratic Convergence of Catalonia</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalunya_en_Com%C3%BA" title="Catalunya en Comú">Catalonia in Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposta_per_les_Illes" title="Proposta per les Illes">Proposta per les Illes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Youth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Republican_Left_of_Catalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Republican Left of Catalonia">Young Republican Left of Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Youth_of_Catalonia" title="Nationalist Youth of Catalonia">Nationalist Youth of Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arran_(organization)" title="Arran (organization)">Arran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Forja" title="La Forja">La Forja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulets_(politics)" title="Maulets (politics)">Maulets</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Sign † marks defunct organisations.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Catalonia&#124;link=Catalonia_Elections_and_referendums_in_Catalonia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catalan_elections" title="Template:Catalan elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catalan_elections" title="Template talk:Catalan elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catalan_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catalan elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Catalonia&#124;link=Catalonia_Elections_and_referendums_in_Catalonia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia"><img alt="Catalonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> Elections and referendums in <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Catalonia" title="Parliament of Catalonia">Regional elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_Catalan_regional_election" title="1932 Catalan regional election">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Catalan_regional_election" title="1980 Catalan regional election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Catalan_regional_election" title="1984 Catalan regional election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Catalan_regional_election" title="1988 Catalan regional election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Catalan_regional_election" title="1992 Catalan regional election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Catalan_regional_election" title="1995 Catalan regional election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Catalan_regional_election" title="1999 Catalan regional election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Catalan_regional_election" title="2003 Catalan regional election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Catalan_regional_election" title="2006 Catalan regional election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Catalan_regional_election" title="2010 Catalan regional election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Catalan_regional_election" title="2012 Catalan regional election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Catalan_regional_election" title="2015 Catalan regional election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Catalan_regional_election" title="2017 Catalan regional election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Catalan_regional_election" title="2021 Catalan regional election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Catalan_regional_election" title="2024 Catalan regional election">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Catalan_regional_election" title="Next Catalan regional election">Next</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">General elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1977_Spanish_general_election_(Congress)#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 1977 Spanish general election (Congress)">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1979_Spanish_general_election_(Congress)#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish general election (Congress)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1982_Spanish_general_election_(Congress)#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 1982 Spanish general election (Congress)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1986_Spanish_general_election_(Congress)#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 1986 Spanish general election (Congress)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1989_Spanish_general_election_(Congress)#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 1989 Spanish general election (Congress)">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1993_Spanish_general_election_(Congress)#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 1993 Spanish general election (Congress)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1996_Spanish_general_election_(Congress)#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 1996 Spanish general election (Congress)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2000_Spanish_general_election_(Congress)#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 2000 Spanish general election (Congress)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2004_Spanish_general_election_(Congress)#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 2004 Spanish general election (Congress)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2008_Spanish_general_election_(Congress)#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 2008 Spanish general election (Congress)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2011_Spanish_general_election_(Congress)#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 2011 Spanish general election (Congress)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2015_Spanish_general_election_(Congress)#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 2015 Spanish general election (Congress)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2016_Spanish_general_election_(Congress)#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 2016 Spanish general election (Congress)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_April_2019_Spanish_general_election_(Congress)#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the April 2019 Spanish general election (Congress)">2019 (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_November_2019_Spanish_general_election_(Congress)#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the November 2019 Spanish general election (Congress)">2019 (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2023_Spanish_general_election_(Congress)#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 2023 Spanish general election (Congress)">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1987_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 1987 European Parliament election in Spain">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 1989 European Parliament election in Spain">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 1994 European Parliament election in Spain">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 1999 European Parliament election in Spain">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 2004 European Parliament election in Spain">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 2009 European Parliament election in Spain">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 2014 European Parliament election in Spain">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 2019 European Parliament election in Spain">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain#Catalonia" title="Results breakdown of the 2024 European Parliament election in Spain">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Catalonia" title="Municipalities of Catalonia">Local elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1931_Spanish_local_elections#Catalonia" title="1931 Spanish local elections">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Catalan_local_elections" title="1934 Catalan local elections">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1979_Spanish_local_elections_(Catalonia)" title="Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Catalonia)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1983_Spanish_local_elections_(Catalonia)" title="Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Catalonia)">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1987_Spanish_local_elections_(Catalonia)" title="Results breakdown of the 1987 Spanish local elections (Catalonia)">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1991_Spanish_local_elections_(Catalonia)" title="Results breakdown of the 1991 Spanish local elections (Catalonia)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1995_Spanish_local_elections_(Catalonia)" title="Results breakdown of the 1995 Spanish local elections (Catalonia)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_1999_Spanish_local_elections_(Catalonia)" title="Results breakdown of the 1999 Spanish local elections (Catalonia)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2003_Spanish_local_elections_(Catalonia)" title="Results breakdown of the 2003 Spanish local elections (Catalonia)">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2007_Spanish_local_elections_(Catalonia)" title="Results breakdown of the 2007 Spanish local elections (Catalonia)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2011_Spanish_local_elections_(Catalonia)" title="Results breakdown of the 2011 Spanish local elections (Catalonia)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2015_Spanish_local_elections_(Catalonia)" title="Results breakdown of the 2015 Spanish local elections (Catalonia)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2019_Spanish_local_elections_(Catalonia)" title="Results breakdown of the 2019 Spanish local elections (Catalonia)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2023_Spanish_local_elections_(Catalonia)" title="Results breakdown of the 2023 Spanish local elections (Catalonia)">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1931_Catalan_Statute_of_Autonomy_referendum" title="1931 Catalan Statute of Autonomy referendum">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Catalan_Statute_of_Autonomy_referendum" title="1979 Catalan Statute of Autonomy referendum">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Catalan_Statute_of_Autonomy_referendum" title="2006 Catalan Statute of Autonomy referendum">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%9311_Catalan_independence_referendums" class="mw-redirect" title="2009–11 Catalan independence referendums">2009–11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Catalan_self-determination_referendum" title="2014 Catalan self-determination referendum">2014</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2017</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: 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