CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Help:IPA/Spanish - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c9f0d452-9cf7-4b81-8026-e388f51787b2","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Help","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":12,"wgPageName":"Help:IPA/Spanish","wgTitle":"IPA/Spanish","wgCurRevisionId":1271412833,"wgRevisionId":1271412833,"wgArticleId":7911015 ,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Help:IPA/Spanish","wgRelevantArticleId":7911015,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"", "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgDiscussionToolsFeaturesEnabled":{"replytool":true,"newtopictool":true,"sourcemodetoolbar":true,"topicsubscription":false,"autotopicsub":false,"visualenhancements":false,"visualenhancements_reply":false,"visualenhancements_pageframe":false},"wgDiscussionToolsFallbackEditMode":"source","wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi", "hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","knc","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tig","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo", "vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":false,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3646248","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.discussionTools.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.discussionTools.init","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.discussionTools.init.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Help:IPA/Spanish - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Spanish&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.tKc6KWkFf-8.O/am=gAE/d=1/rs=AN8SPfrf36LIV3DkhtRBGWFnLWWzaykPyw/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.tKc6KWkFf-8.O/am=gAE/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfrf36LIV3DkhtRBGWFnLWWzaykPyw/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="ext-discussiontools-replytool-enabled ext-discussiontools-newtopictool-enabled ext-discussiontools-sourcemodetoolbar-enabled mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-12 ns-subject mw-editable page-Help_IPA_Spanish rootpage-Help_IPA stable skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.tKc6KWkFf-8.O/am=gAE/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfrf36LIV3DkhtRBGWFnLWWzaykPyw/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="en" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_Page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> Home </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Random?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> Random </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Nearby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> Nearby </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor mw-list-item menu__item--login" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Help:IPA/Spanish&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> Log in </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Help:IPA/Spanish&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> Settings </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source%3Ddonate%26wmf_medium%3Dsidebar%26wmf_campaign%3Den.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Den%26wmf_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> Donate </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:About?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> About Wikipedia </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> Disclaimers </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_Page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Help:IPA/Spanish</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.help">Help page</a></li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help_talk:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.help_talk">Talk</a></li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Help:IPA/Spanish&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Spanish&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"> <div class="subpages"> < <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a></bdi> </div> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style> <table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/30px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/45px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/60px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="100"></td> <td class="mbox-text">This is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">pronunciation key</a> for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> transcriptions of Spanish on Wikipedia. <div style="font-size: 90%;"> It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Spanish in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help_talk:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help talk:IPA/Spanish">talk page</a> first. </div> <div style="font-size: 90%;"> For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>. </div></td> <td class="mbox-imageright"> <div style="white-space: nowrap;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DH:IPA-ES%26redirect%3Dno">H:IPA-ES</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none"> Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Spanish </div> The charts below show how the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a> represents <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a> pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA">Template:IPA</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Entering_IPA_characters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters</a>. For terms that are more relevant to regions that have not undergone <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ye%C3%ADsmo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yeísmo">yeísmo</a> (where words such as haya and halla are pronounced differently), words spelled with ⟨ll⟩ can be transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʎ⟩. This unmerged pronunciation predominates in the Andes, lowland Bolivia, Paraguay, some rural regions of Spain and some of northern Spain's urban upper class.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a> For terms that are more relevant to regions that have <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phonological_history_of_Spanish_coronal_fricatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phonological history of Spanish coronal fricatives">seseo</a> (where words such as caza and casa are pronounced the same), words spelled with ⟨z⟩ or ⟨c⟩ (the latter only before ⟨i⟩ or ⟨e⟩) can be transcribed in IPA with ⟨s⟩. This pronunciation is most commonly found outside mainland Spain. In all other cases, if a local pronunciation is made, it should be labeled as "local" (e.g. <code>{{IPA|es|...|local}}</code>). See <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_phonology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish phonology</a> for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Spanish, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_dialects_and_varieties?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spanish dialects and varieties">Spanish dialects and varieties</a> for regional variation. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Key" data-mw-thread-id="h-Key">Key</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Spanish&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Key" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a>  </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <table style="background: none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consonant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consonant">Consonants</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th rowspan="2">Examples</th> <th rowspan="2">English approximation</th> </tr> <tr> <th><abbr title="European Spanish">EU</abbr></th> <th><abbr title="Latin American Spanish">LA</abbr></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-approximants-2">[2]</a></td> <td>bebé, ambos, viva, envío</td> <td>about</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_approximant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced bilabial approximant">β</a></big></td> <td>bebé, fútbol, viva, apto<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-coda-3">[3]</a></td> <td>about, but without lips completely closed</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-approximants-2">[2]</a></td> <td>dedo, andar, aldea</td> <td>day</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_dental_approximant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental approximant">ð</a></big></td> <td>dedo, arde, sed, ritmo<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-coda-3">[3]</a></td> <td>other</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-voicing-4">[4]</a></td> <td>faro, Dafne</td> <td>face</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-approximants-2">[2]</a></td> <td>galgo, lengua, guerra</td> <td>again</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_velar_approximant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced velar approximant">ɣ</a></big></td> <td>galgo, signo, águila, acto<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-coda-3">[3]</a></td> <td>again, but without the tongue touching the roof of the mouth</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced palatal approximant">ʝ</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-approximants-2">[2]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ye%C3%ADsmo-5">[5]</a></td> <td>haya, blue jeans, manager</td> <td>beyond</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_palatal_affricate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced palatal affricate">ɟʝ</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-approximants-2">[2]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ye%C3%ADsmo-5">[5]</a></td> <td>ya, enyeso, hielo, jet, gin</td> <td>jet</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></big></td> <td>caso, que, kilo, rock</td> <td>scan</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></big></td> <td>luna, hala, ballet</td> <td>lean</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nasals-6">[6]</a></td> <td>meta, cama, ámbar</td> <td>mother</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_nasal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced labiodental nasal">ɱ</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nasals-6">[6]</a></td> <td>inflar</td> <td>comfort</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nasals-6">[6]</a></td> <td>ni, cana, sin, álbum, parking</td> <td>need</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nasals-6">[6]</a></td> <td>ñu, caña, cónyuge</td> <td>canyon</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nasals-6">[6]</a></td> <td>tengo</td> <td>sing</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></big></td> <td>pato, lupa</td> <td>spin</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-rhotics-7">[7]</a></td> <td>río, carro, honra, abrogar</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scottish_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scottish English">Scottish</a> run - <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trilled_r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trilled r">trilled r</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-rhotics-7">[7]</a></td> <td>brío, caro, por</td> <td>atom (with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flapping">flapping</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-voicing-4">[4]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aspiration-8">[8]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-seseo-9">[9]</a></td> <td>saco, casa, está, xenón</td> <td>between sip and ship (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Retracted_alveolar" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">retracted</a>) (<abbr title="European Spanish">EU</abbr>), sip (<abbr title="Latin American Spanish">LA</abbr>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-voicing-4">[4]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-seseo-9">[9]</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-voicing-4">[4]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aspiration-8">[8]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-seseo-9">[9]</a></td> <td>cera, zoo, caza, juzgar</td> <td>thing (<abbr title="European Spanish">EU</abbr>), sip (<abbr title="Latin American Spanish">LA</abbr>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a></td> <td>show, Rocher, Freixenet, beige</td> <td>shack</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t</a></big></td> <td>tamiz</td> <td>stand</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></big></td> <td>chico, bridge</td> <td>choose</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td> <td>jarra, gen, México,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[12]</a> hall<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[13]</a></td> <td>Scottish loch</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ye%C3%ADsmo-5">[5]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-approximants-2">[2]</a></td> <td>lluvia, halla, el yeso</td> <td>million</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vowel">Vowels</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th>Examples</th> <th>English approximation</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></big></td> <td>paso</td> <td>father</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></big></td> <td>peso</td> <td>berry</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></big></td> <td>piso, y, jeep</td> <td>see</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o</a></big></td> <td>poso</td> <td>more</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></big></td> <td>puso, look, tour</td> <td>cool</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px"> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semivowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Semivowel">Semivowels</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th>Examples</th> <th>English approximation</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></big></td> <td>Viena, rey</td> <td>yet</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a></td> <td>Huila, auto, argüir, web, ouija</td> <td>wine</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px"> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stress (linguistics)">Stress</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syllabification?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Syllabification">syllabification</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th>Examples</th> <th>English approximation</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stress (linguistics)">ˈ</a></big></td> <td>ciudad [θjuˈðað]</td> <td>domain</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syllable?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Syllable">.</a></big></td> <td>mío [ˈmi.o]</td> <td>Leo</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Spanish&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a>  </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Spanish_IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Pages with Spanish IPA">Category:Pages with Spanish IPA</a> (8,228)</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Spanish&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a>  </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFPenny2000">Penny (2000</a>:120, 132, 147)</li> <li id="cite_note-approximants-2">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-approximants_2-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-approximants_2-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-approximants_2-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-approximants_2-3">d</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-approximants_2-4">e</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-approximants_2-5">f</a> /b, d, ɡ, ɟʝ/ are pronounced as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fricative_consonant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">fricatives</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Approximant_consonant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">approximants</a> [β, ð, ɣ, ʝ] in all places except after a pause, /n/ or /m/, or in the case of /d/ and /ɟʝ/, after /l/. In the latter environments, they are stops [b, d, ɡ, ɟʝ] like English ⟨b, d, g, j⟩, but are fully voiced in all positions, unlike in English. When it is distinct from /ʝ/, /ʎ/ is realized as an approximant [ʎ] in all positions (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMart%C3%ADnez-Celdr%C3%A1nFern%C3%A1ndez-PlanasCarrera-Sabat%C3%A92003">Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté 2003</a>:257-8).</li> <li id="cite_note-coda-3">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-coda_3-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-coda_3-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-coda_3-2">c</a> The distinction between /p, t, k/ and /b, d, ɡ/ is lost in word-internal syllable-final positions. The resulting realization varies from [p, t, k] to [b, d, ɡ] to [β, ð, ɣ] to [ɸ, θ, x], with voiced approximants/fricatives (i.e. [β, ð, ɣ]) being the usual form in conversational style (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHualde2005">Hualde 2005</a>:146).</li> <li id="cite_note-voicing-4">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-voicing_4-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-voicing_4-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-voicing_4-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-voicing_4-3">d</a> When preceding a voiced consonant, /s, θ, f, ʃ/ may be voiced ([<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>]), but since this is variable (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCampos-Astorkiza2018">Campos-Astorkiza 2018</a>:174), /s, θ, f, ʃ/ are always transcribed with ⟨s, θ, f, ʃ⟩ in this system.</li> <li id="cite_note-yeísmo-5">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ye%C3%ADsmo_5-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ye%C3%ADsmo_5-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ye%C3%ADsmo_5-2">c</a> Most speakers no longer distinguish /ʎ/ from /ʝ/; the actual realization depends on dialect, however. See <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ye%C3%ADsmo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yeísmo">yeísmo</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMart%C3%ADnez-Celdr%C3%A1nFern%C3%A1ndez-PlanasCarrera-Sabat%C3%A92003">Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003</a>:258) for more information.</li> <li id="cite_note-nasals-6">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nasals_6-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nasals_6-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nasals_6-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nasals_6-3">d</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nasals_6-4">e</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nasal_consonant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nasal consonant">Nasals</a> always <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assimilation_(phonology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assimilation (phonology)">assimilate</a> their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Velar_consonant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Velar consonant">velars</a>, they are [<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>], and before <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Labial_consonant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Labial consonant">labials</a>, they are [<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a>]. The labiodental [<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_nasal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced labiodental nasal">ɱ</a>] appears before /f/.</li> <li id="cite_note-rhotics-7">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-rhotics_7-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-rhotics_7-1">b</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rhotic_consonant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rhotic consonant">rhotic consonants</a>, [<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a>] and [<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a>], only contrast word-medially between vowels, where they are usually spelled ⟨rr⟩ and ⟨r⟩, respectively. Otherwise, they are in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Complementary_distribution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Complementary distribution">complementary distribution</a>: Word-initially, stem-initially, and after /l, n, s/, only [r] is found; before a consonant or pause, the two are interchangeable, but [ɾ] is more common (hence so represented here). Elsewhere, only [ɾ] is found. When two rhotics occur consecutively across a word or prefix boundary they result in one long trill, which is transcribed with ⟨ɾr⟩ in this key: dar rocas [daɾ ˈrokas], superrápido [supeɾˈrapiðo] (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHualde2005">Hualde 2005</a>:184).</li> <li id="cite_note-aspiration-8">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aspiration_8-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aspiration_8-1">b</a> In much of Hispanic America and in the southern half of Spain, /s/ in syllable-final positions is either pronounced as [<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>] or not pronounced at all. In transcriptions linked to this key, however, it is always represented by ⟨s⟩.</li> <li id="cite_note-seseo-9">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-seseo_9-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-seseo_9-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-seseo_9-2">c</a> Northern and Central Spain distinguish between ⟨s⟩ (/<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/) and soft ⟨c⟩ or ⟨z⟩ (/<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>/). Almost all other dialects treat the two as identical, either pronouncing them as /s/ (seseo) in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin_America?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> and some parts of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andalusia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, or as /θ/ (ceceo) in most of Andalusia. In areas with the distinction, the alveolar sibilant is typically more <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Retracted_alveolar" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">retracted</a> (often perceived as closer to the sound represented by ⟨sh⟩ in ship) than in areas with seseo. Contrary to yeísmo, seseo and ceceo are not <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phonemic_merger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonemic merger">phonemic mergers</a> but the outcome of a different evolution of sibilants in southern Spain in comparison with northern and central dialects. See <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phonological_history_of_Spanish_coronal_fricatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phonological history of Spanish coronal fricatives">phonological history of Spanish coronal fricatives</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMart%C3%ADnez-Celdr%C3%A1nFern%C3%A1ndez-PlanasCarrera-Sabat%C3%A92003">Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003</a>:258) for more information.</li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a> /ʃ/ is used only in loanwords and certain proper nouns. It is nonexistent in many dialects, being realized as [<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a>] or [<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>]; e.g. show [tʃow]~[sow].</li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a> /x/ is pronounced as [<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>] in many accents such as those in the Caribbean, Central America, Colombia, Andalusia, and the Canary Islands (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHualde2005">Hualde 2005</a>:156). It is pronounced as [<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a>] in northern Peninsular Spanish (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFColoma2012">Coloma 2012</a>:3, 17).</li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a> The letter ⟨x⟩ represents /x/ only in certain proper names like Ximena and some placenames in current or former Mexico (e.g. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oaxaca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Texas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Texas">Texas</a>).</li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a> The letter ⟨h⟩ represents /x/ only in loanwords; in native words it is always silent, unless it is a part of the digraph ⟨ch⟩.</li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a> [j, w] are allophones of /i, u/ that manifest when unstressed and adjacent to another vowel. Mid vowels /e, o/ may also be realized as semivowels, as in [ˈpo̯eta, ˈmae̯stɾo] (poeta, maestro). Semivocalic realizations of /e, o/ may in addition be raised to [j, w], as in [ˈpweta, ˈmajstɾo], which is common in Latin America, but stigmatized in Spain (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHualdeSimonetTorreira2008">Hualde, Simonet & Torreira 2008</a>:1911). Since both these phenomena are optional and predictable, they are not reflected in transcription ([poˈeta, maˈestɾo]).</li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a> Some speakers may pronounce word-initial [w] with an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epenthesis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Epenthesis">epenthetic</a> [ɡ] (e.g. Huila [ˈɡwila]~[ˈwila]).</li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Spanish&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a>  </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style> <div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCampos-Astorkiza2018" class="citation cs2">Campos-Astorkiza, Rebeka (2018), "Consonants", in Geeslin, Kimberly L. (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Spanish Linguistics, Cambridge University Press, pp. 165–189, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252F9781316779194.009">10.1017/9781316779194.009</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-17482-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-17482-5"><bdi>978-1-107-17482-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Consonants&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Handbook+of+Spanish+Linguistics&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E165-%3C%2Fspan%3E189&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781316779194.009&rft.isbn=978-1-107-17482-5&rft.aulast=Campos-Astorkiza&rft.aufirst=Rebeka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FSpanish" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColoma2012" class="citation journal cs1">Coloma, Germán (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.publicacions.ub.edu/revistes/dialectologia9/documentos/742.pdf">"The importance of ten phonetic characteristics to define dialect areas in Spanish"</a> (PDF). Dialectologia. 9. Barcelona: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Barcelona">Universitat de Barcelona</a>: 1–26. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2013-2247">2013-2247</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dialectologia&rft.atitle=The+importance+of+ten+phonetic+characteristics+to+define+dialect+areas+in+Spanish&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E26&rft.date=2012&rft.issn=2013-2247&rft.aulast=Coloma&rft.aufirst=Germ%C3%A1n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicacions.ub.edu%2Frevistes%2Fdialectologia9%2Fdocumentos%2F742.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FSpanish" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHualde2005" class="citation cs2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ignacio_Hualde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="José Ignacio Hualde">Hualde, José Ignacio</a> (2005), The Sounds of Spanish, Cambridge University Press, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-54538-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-54538-2"><bdi>0-521-54538-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sounds+of+Spanish&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-521-54538-2&rft.aulast=Hualde&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Ignacio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FSpanish" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHualdeSimonetTorreira2008" class="citation cs2">Hualde, José Ignacio; Simonet, Miquel; Torreira, Francisco (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.academia.edu/559143">"Postlexical contraction of nonhigh vowels in Spanish"</a>, Lingua, 118 (12): 1906–1925, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252Fj.lingua.2007.10.004">10.1016/j.lingua.2007.10.004</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lingua&rft.atitle=Postlexical+contraction+of+nonhigh+vowels+in+Spanish&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1906-%3C%2Fspan%3E1925&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.lingua.2007.10.004&rft.aulast=Hualde&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Ignacio&rft.au=Simonet%2C+Miquel&rft.au=Torreira%2C+Francisco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F559143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FSpanish" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003" class="citation cs2">Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/39B1C556856D62AF8FC53D3F22435750/S0025100303001373a.pdf/castilian_spanish.pdf">"Castilian Spanish"</a> (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252Fs0025100303001373">10.1017/s0025100303001373</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Castilian+Spanish&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E255-%3C%2Fspan%3E259&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0025100303001373&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez-Celdr%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Eugenio&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Planas%2C+Ana+Ma.&rft.au=Carrera-Sabat%C3%A9%2C+Josefina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fservices%2Faop-cambridge-core%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F39B1C556856D62AF8FC53D3F22435750%2FS0025100303001373a.pdf%2Fcastilian_spanish.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FSpanish" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPenny2000" class="citation book cs1">Penny, Ralph J. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/variationchangei0000penn/page/n5/mode/2up">Variation and change in Spanish</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FCBO9781139164566">10.1017/CBO9781139164566</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521780454?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0521780454"><bdi>0521780454</bdi></a>. Retrieved 21 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Variation+and+change+in+Spanish&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9781139164566&rft.isbn=0521780454&rft.aulast=Penny&rft.aufirst=Ralph+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvariationchangei0000penn%2Fpage%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FSpanish" class="Z3988"></li> </ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_keys70" style="padding:3px"> <table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style> <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_keys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA keys"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template_talk:IPA_keys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template talk:IPA keys"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IPA_keys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IPA keys"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_keys70" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> keys </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Adyghe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Adyghe">Adyghe</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Afrikaans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Albanian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Albanian">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Amharic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Amharic">Amharic</a></li> <li>Arabic <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">Modern Standard</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Hejazi_Arabic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic">Hejazi</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Lebanese_Arabic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Lebanese Arabic">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Tunisian_Arabic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic">Tunisian</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Armenian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Assamese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Assamese">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Australian_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Australian languages">Australian languages</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Azerbaijani">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Basque">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Belarusian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Belarusian">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Berber?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Berber">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Breton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Breton">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Bulgarian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Bulgarian">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">Burmese</a></li> <li>Catalan <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Insular_Catalan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Insular Catalan">Insular</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Chinese <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Taiwanese_Hokkien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Jin_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Jin Chinese">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Wu_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Wu Chinese">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Xiang_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Corsican?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Corsican">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Czech">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Danish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Danish">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">English</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Old_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Old English">Old English</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol">Emilian-Romagnol</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Esperanto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Esperanto">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Estonian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Estonian">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Finnish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Finnish">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal">Franco-Provençal</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/French?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/French">French</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Galician">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li>German <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">Alemannic</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Colognian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Colognian">Colognian</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Greek">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Greenlandic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Greenlandic">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Gujarati?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Haitian_Creole?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Hawaiian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Hawaiian">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Hmong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Hmong">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Igbo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Igbo">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Inupiaq?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Inupiaq">Inupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Irish">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Italian">Italian</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Central_Italian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Central Italian">Central</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Kurdish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Kurdish">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Lakota?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Lakota">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Latvian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Latvian">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Ligurian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Ligurian">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Luxembourgish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Macedonian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Malagasy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Malagasy">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Maltese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Maltese">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Manx">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Marshallese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Marshallese">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mayan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mayan">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Mirandese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Navajo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Northern_Thai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Northern Thai">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Odia">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Piedmontese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Piedmontese">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Quechua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Quechua">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Sardinian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Sardinian">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Sicilian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Sicilian">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Slovene">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Sorbian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Sorbian">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Swahili?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Swahili">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Sylheti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Sylheti">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Telugu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Telugu">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Thai">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Tigrinya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Tigrinya">Tigrinya</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Uzbek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Uzbek">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Venetian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Venetian">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Walloon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Walloon">Walloon</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/West_Frisian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/West Frisian">West Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Yiddish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Yoruba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Yoruba">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Zhuang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Zulu</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Conventions for English">IPA conventions for English</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">English dialects</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">Wikipedia pronunciation respelling</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Other English pronunciation respellings</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Introductory guides</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Introduction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Introduction">For English speakers</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Manual of Style: Pronunciation</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DHelp:IPA/Spanish%26oldid%3D1271412833">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Spanish&oldid=1271412833</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Spanish&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 23 January 2025, at 23:22 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulp:IFA/Spaans" title="Hulp:IFA/Spaans – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hulp:IFA/Spaans" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7:%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B5%25D8%25AF_%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="ويكيبيديا:أصد للإسبانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكيبيديا:أصد للإسبانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A1%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE:%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2582%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BE_%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B7%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC_%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%2580%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC_%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B0_%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A3%25E0%25A7%2580%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25A3" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:বাংলা ভাষায় স্পেনীয় শব্দের প্রতিবর্ণীকরণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:বাংলা ভাষায় স্পেনীয় শব্দের প্রতিবর্ণীকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcripci%25C3%25B3n_fon%25C3%25A9tica_del_espa%25C3%25B1ol_con_el_Alfabeto_Fon%25C3%25A9tico_Internacional" title="Transcripción fonética del español con el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Transcripción fonética del español con el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7:%25D8%25A2%25DB%258C%25E2%2580%258C%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C%25E2%2580%258C%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BE%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25DB%258C" title="راهنما:آی‌پی‌ای/اسپانیایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنما:آی‌پی‌ای/اسپانیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Spanish" title="Wikipedia:IPA for Spanish – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Wikipedia:IPA for Spanish" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE:IPA_for_Spanish" title="विकिपीडिया:IPA for Spanish – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिपीडिया:IPA for Spanish" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Spanyol" title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Spanyol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Spanish" title="Wikipedia:IPA for Spanish – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Wikipedia:IPA for Spanish" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%25C3%25AEkar%25C3%25AE:IPA_ji_bo_span%25C3%25AE" title="Alîkarî:IPA ji bo spanî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alîkarî:IPA ji bo spanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:AFI/Spanuel" title="Aiuto:AFI/Spanuel – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Aiuto:AFI/Spanuel" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B4%25B9%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B4%2582:IPA_chart_for_Spanish" title="സഹായം:IPA chart for Spanish – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സഹായം:IPA chart for Spanish" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25A6%25E0%25A8%25A6:%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A9%2587%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A8%2588_IPA" title="ਮਦਦ:ਸਪੇਨੀ ਲਈ IPA – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਦਦ:ਸਪੇਨੀ ਲਈ IPA" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%25C3%25A9dia:AFI_para_castelhano" title="Wikipédia:AFI para castelhano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:AFI para castelhano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%258B%25E0%25B6%25AF%25E0%25B7%2580%25E0%25B7%2594:IPA/Spanish" title="උදවු:IPA/Spanish – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උදවු:IPA/Spanish" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Help:IPA/Spanish" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%259B:IPA_%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2588%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8" title="Помоћ:IPA за шпански – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Помоћ:IPA за шпански" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D8%25AA:%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D9%2586_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B5%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AC%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25DB%2581_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%2592_%25DB%2581%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BE%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25DB%258C" title="معاونت:بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ برائے ہسپانوی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معاونت:بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ برائے ہسپانوی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E7%258F%25AD%25E7%2589%2599%25E8%25AF%25AD%25E5%259B%25BD%25E9%2599%2585%25E9%259F%25B3%25E6%25A0%2587" title="Help:西班牙语国际音标 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Help:西班牙语国际音标" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B5%259C%25E2%25B5%2589%25E2%25B5%25A1%25E2%25B5%2589%25E2%25B5%2599%25E2%25B5%2589:%25E2%25B5%2589%25E2%25B5%2599%25E2%25B4%25BD%25E2%25B4%25BD%25E2%25B5%2589%25E2%25B5%258D%25E2%25B5%258F_%25E2%25B5%258F_%25E2%25B5%259C%25E2%25B5%258E%25E2%25B5%2599%25E2%25B5%258D%25E2%25B5%2589%25E2%25B5%25A1%25E2%25B5%259C/%25E2%25B5%259C%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%2599%25E2%25B4%25B1%25E2%25B5%258D%25E2%25B5%25A2%25E2%25B5%2593%25E2%25B5%258F%25E2%25B5%2589%25E2%25B5%259C" title="ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ:ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵍⵉⵡⵜ/ⵜⴰⵙⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵜ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ:ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵍⵉⵡⵜ/ⵜⴰⵙⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 23 January 2025, at 23:22 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:About?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DHelp:IPA/Spanish%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-ll297","wgBackendResponseTime":156,"wgDiscussionToolsPageThreads":[{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Key","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-See_also","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Notes","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-References","replies":[]}],"wgPageParseReport":{"discussiontools":{"limitreport-timeusage":"0.046"},"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.873","walltime":"0.972","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4983,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":111910,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2168,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":51580,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 802.668 1 -total"," 29.16% 234.081 160 Template:Lang"," 20.35% 163.344 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.16% 121.692 1 Template:IPA_key"," 12.58% 100.964 4 Template:Citation"," 11.62% 93.235 1 Template:Ombox"," 9.96% 79.931 53 Template:IPA"," 9.36% 75.092 1 Template:IPA_keys"," 9.10% 73.070 1 Template:Navbox"," 5.10% 40.971 36 Template:IPA_link"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.529","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16854339,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFCampos-Astorkiza2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColoma2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHualde2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHualdeSimonetTorreira2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPenny2000\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Abbr\"] = 6,\n [\"Angbr\"] = 1,\n [\"Angbr IPA\"] = 5,\n [\"Citation\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Clc\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvcol\"] = 7,\n [\"Harvcoltxt\"] = 3,\n [\"IPA\"] = 51,\n [\"IPA key\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA keys\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA link\"] = 36,\n [\"IPAblink\"] = 10,\n [\"IPAplink\"] = 4,\n [\"IPAslink\"] = 2,\n [\"Lang\"] = 160,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 4,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Section link\"] = 1,\n [\"Vr\"] = 14,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-t582j","timestamp":"20250214040536","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('en', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>