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action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pumunta sa nilalaman</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pangunahing pagpipilian</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a 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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Budismo" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Budismo" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Budismo" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Budismo" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_konseptong_Budista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_konseptong_Budista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mga konseptong Budista</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mga_konseptong_Budista-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Mga konseptong Budista</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mga_konseptong_Budista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buhay_at_mundo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buhay_at_mundo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Buhay at mundo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buhay_at_mundo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Saṃsāra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saṃsāra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Saṃsāra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saṃsāra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Karma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muling_kapanganakan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muling_kapanganakan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Muling kapanganakan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muling_kapanganakan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanhi_ng_pagdurusa_at_solusyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanhi_ng_pagdurusa_at_solusyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Mga sanhi ng pagdurusa at solusyon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanhi_ng_pagdurusa_at_solusyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ang_Apat_na_Maharlikang_mga_Katotohanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ang_Apat_na_Maharlikang_mga_Katotohanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Ang Apat na Maharlikang mga Katotohanan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ang_Apat_na_Maharlikang_mga_Katotohanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maharlikang_Makawalong_Landas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maharlikang_Makawalong_Landas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Maharlikang Makawalong Landas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maharlikang_Makawalong_Landas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ang_mga_apat_na_hindi_masusukat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ang_mga_apat_na_hindi_masusukat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Ang mga apat na hindi masusukat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ang_mga_apat_na_hindi_masusukat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gitnang_Daan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gitnang_Daan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Gitnang Daan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gitnang_Daan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kalikasan_ng_pag-iral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kalikasan_ng_pag-iral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Kalikasan ng pag-iral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kalikasan_ng_pag-iral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mga_Tatlong_Marka_ng_Pag-iral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_Tatlong_Marka_ng_Pag-iral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Mga Tatlong Marka ng Pag-iral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_Tatlong_Marka_ng_Pag-iral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nakasalalay_na_paglitaw" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nakasalalay_na_paglitaw"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Nakasalalay na paglitaw</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nakasalalay_na_paglitaw-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kawalang_laman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kawalang_laman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Kawalang laman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kawalang_laman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kalayaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kalayaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Kalayaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kalayaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nirvana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nirvana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Nirvana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nirvana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_Buddha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_Buddha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Mga Buddha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_Buddha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ayon_sa_Theravāda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ayon_sa_Theravāda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2.1</span> <span>Ayon sa Theravāda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ayon_sa_Theravāda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ayon_sa_Mahāyāna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ayon_sa_Mahāyāna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2.2</span> <span>Ayon sa Mahāyāna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ayon_sa_Mahāyāna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_kapanahunang_Buddha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_kapanahunang_Buddha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span> <span>Mga kapanahunang Buddha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_kapanahunang_Buddha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_Bodhisattva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_Bodhisattva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.4</span> <span>Mga Bodhisattva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_Bodhisattva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasanayan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasanayan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kasanayan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kasanayan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Kasanayan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kasanayan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Debosyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debosyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Debosyon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debosyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yoga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yoga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Yoga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yoga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagkanlong_sa_mga_Tatlong_Hiyas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagkanlong_sa_mga_Tatlong_Hiyas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Pagkanlong sa mga Tatlong Hiyas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagkanlong_sa_mga_Tatlong_Hiyas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etikang_Budista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etikang_Budista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Etikang Budista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etikang_Budista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Budismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagninilay-nilay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagninilay-nilay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Pagninilay-nilay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagninilay-nilay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Samādhi_(pagpapalagong_pagninilay-nilay):_pagninilay-nilay_na_samatha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samādhi_(pagpapalagong_pagninilay-nilay):_pagninilay-nilay_na_samatha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Samādhi (pagpapalagong pagninilay-nilay): pagninilay-nilay na samatha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samādhi_(pagpapalagong_pagninilay-nilay):_pagninilay-nilay_na_samatha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sa_Theravāda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sa_Theravāda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1.1</span> <span>Sa Theravāda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sa_Theravāda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prajñā_(Karunungan):_pagninilay-nilay_na_vipassana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prajñā_(Karunungan):_pagninilay-nilay_na_vipassana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Prajñā (Karunungan): pagninilay-nilay na vipassana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prajñā_(Karunungan):_pagninilay-nilay_na_vipassana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>Zen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vajrayana_at_Tantra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vajrayana_at_Tantra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.4</span> <span>Vajrayana at Tantra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vajrayana_at_Tantra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasaysayan_ng_Budismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasaysayan_ng_Budismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kasaysayan ng Budismo</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kasaysayan_ng_Budismo-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Kasaysayan ng Budismo</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kasaysayan_ng_Budismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Siddharta_Gautama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siddharta_Gautama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Siddharta Gautama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siddharta_Gautama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maagang_Budismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maagang_Budismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Maagang Budismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maagang_Budismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pang-aakay_ni_Aśoka_(c._261_BCE)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pang-aakay_ni_Aśoka_(c._261_BCE)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Pang-aakay ni Aśoka (c. 261 BCE)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pang-aakay_ni_Aśoka_(c._261_BCE)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pagkaakay_ni_Emperador_Aśoka_sa_Budismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagkaakay_ni_Emperador_Aśoka_sa_Budismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Pagkaakay ni Emperador Aśoka sa Budismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagkaakay_ni_Emperador_Aśoka_sa_Budismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagpapalaganap_ni_Aśoka_ng_Budismo_sa_daigdig_na_Helenistiko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagpapalaganap_ni_Aśoka_ng_Budismo_sa_daigdig_na_Helenistiko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Pagpapalaganap ni Aśoka ng Budismo sa daigdig na Helenistiko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagpapalaganap_ni_Aśoka_ng_Budismo_sa_daigdig_na_Helenistiko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Talababa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Talababa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Talababa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Talababa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Budismo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 222 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-222" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">222 wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeddhisme" title="Boeddhisme – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Boeddhisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismus" title="Buddhismus – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Buddhismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A1%E1%8B%B2%E1%88%B5%E1%88%9D" title="ቡዲስም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቡዲስም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Budismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddend%C5%8Dm" title="Buddendōm – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Buddendōm" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="बौद्ध धर्म – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बौद्ध धर्म" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="البوذية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البوذية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بودية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بودية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B0%D9%8A%D9%87" title="بوذيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوذيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismu" title="Budismu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Budismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddizm" title="Buddizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Buddizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="بودیزم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بودیزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Буддизм – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Буддизм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Buddha" title="Agama Buddha – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Agama Buddha" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismus" title="Buddhismus – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Buddhismus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bud%C4%97zmos" title="Budėzmos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Budėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Budismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Будызм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Будызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Будызм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Будызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buda" title="Buda – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Buda" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Будизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Будизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="बौद्ध धर्म – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बौद्ध धर्म" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budisim" title="Budisim – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Budisim" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha" title="Buddha – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Buddha" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%93%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="ဗုဒ္ဓဘာႏသာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဗုဒ္ဓဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="বৌদ্ধধর্ম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বৌদ্ধধর্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ནང་བསྟན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ནང་བསྟན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4" title="বৌদ্ধ লিচেত – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="বৌদ্ধ লিচেত" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boudaegezh" title="Boudaegezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Boudaegezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budizam" title="Budizam – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Budizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha" title="Buddha – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Buddha" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Буддын шажан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Буддын шажан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budisme" title="Budisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Budisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%ADk-g%C3%A1u" title="Hŭk-gáu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hŭk-gáu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Буддизм – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Буддизм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Budismo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="بودیزم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بودیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddisimu" title="Buddisimu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Buddisimu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddizm" title="Buddizm – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Buddizm" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismus" title="Buddhismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Buddhismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Буддизм – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Буддизм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwdhaeth" title="Bwdhaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bwdhaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhisme" title="Buddhisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Buddhisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismus" title="Buddhismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buddhismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budizm" title="Budizm – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Budizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="बुद्ध धर्म – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="बुद्ध धर्म" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ནང་ཆོས། – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ནང་ཆོས།" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Βουδισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βουδισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Buddhism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budhismo" title="Budhismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Budhismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Budismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budism" title="Budism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Budism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Budismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismu" title="Budismu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Budismu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="بودیسم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بودیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhalaisuus" title="Buddhalaisuus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Buddhalaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budism" title="Budism – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Budism" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddisma" title="Buddisma – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Buddisma" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouddhisme" title="Bouddhisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bouddhisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boudismo" title="Boudismo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Boudismo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismus" title="Buddhismus – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Buddhismus" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budisim" title="Budisim – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Budisim" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boedisme" title="Boedisme – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Boedisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_B%C3%BAdachas" title="An Búdachas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Búdachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="佛教" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boudism" title="Boudism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Boudism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B9dachas" title="Bùdachas – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bùdachas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Budismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BAda_rape" title="Vúda rape – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vúda rape" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8C%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A7_%E0%AA%A7%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE" title="બૌદ્ધ ધર્મ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બૌદ્ધ ધર્મ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha" title="Buddha – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Buddha" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu%CC%8Dt-kau" title="Fu̍t-kau – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fu̍t-kau" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%CA%BBomana_Buda" title="Hoʻomana Buda – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Hoʻomana Buda" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="בודהיזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בודהיזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="बौद्ध धर्म – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बौद्ध धर्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Buddhism" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budizam" title="Budizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Budizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boudis" title="Boudis – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Boudis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhizmus" title="Buddhizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Buddhizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բուդդայականություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուդդայականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Պուտտայականութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պուտտայականութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismo" title="Buddhismo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Buddhismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha" title="Buddha – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Buddha" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhisme" title="Buddhisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Buddhisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budhisme" title="Budhisme – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Budhisme" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Buddhism" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Budismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Буддизм – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Буддизм" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Budismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BAddismi" title="Búddismi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Búddismi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddismo" title="Buddismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Buddismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%8F%E6%95%99" title="仏教 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="仏教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budizim" title="Budizim – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Budizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/bu%27ojda" title="bu'ojda – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="bu'ojda" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buda" title="Buda – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Buda" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ბუდიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბუდიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddizm" title="Buddizm – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Buddizm" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buudiyism" title="Buudiyism – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Buudiyism" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khwibuda" title="Khwibuda – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Khwibuda" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Буддизм – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Буддизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6" title="ព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A7_%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE" title="ಬೌದ್ಧ ಧರ್ಮ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೌದ್ಧ ಧರ್ಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EA%B5%90" title="불교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="불교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8F%D8%AF%DA%BE_%D9%85%D9%8E%D8%AA" title="بُدھ مَت – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بُدھ مَت" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bud%C3%AEzm" title="Budîzm – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Budîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouddhisteth" title="Bouddhisteth – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bouddhisteth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Бурканчылык – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бурканчылык" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismus" title="Buddhismus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Buddhismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budizmo" title="Budizmo – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Budizmo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismus" title="Buddhismus – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Buddhismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Буддизм – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Буддизм" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budisme" title="Budisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Budisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeddhisme" title="Boeddhisme – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Boeddhisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddiximo" title="Buddiximo – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Buddiximo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budism" title="Budism – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Budism" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhesim" title="Buddhesim – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Buddhesim" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2" title="ພຸດທະສາສະໜາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພຸດທະສາສະໜາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budizmas" title="Budizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Budizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budisms" title="Budisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Budisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="बौद्ध धर्म – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बौद्ध धर्म" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Buddha" title="Agama Buddha – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Agama Buddha" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Буддизмась – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Буддизмась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodisma" title="Bodisma – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bodisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agamo_Buddha" title="Agamo Buddha – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Agamo Buddha" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Будизам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Будизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="ബുദ്ധമതം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബുദ്ധമതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Буддын шашин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Буддын шашин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%99_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯕꯧꯙ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯕꯧꯙ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%93%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC" title="ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="बौद्ध धर्म – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बौद्ध धर्म" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Buddha" title="Agama Buddha – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Agama Buddha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddi%C5%BCmu" title="Buddiżmu – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Buddiżmu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Budismo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%93%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC" title="ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بودایی دین – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بودایی دین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismus" title="Buddhismus – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Buddhismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeddhisme" title="Boeddhisme – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Boeddhisme" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="बौद्ध धर्म – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बौद्ध धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="बुद्ध धर्म – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बुद्ध धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeddhisme" title="Boeddhisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boeddhisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismen" title="Buddhismen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Buddhismen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhisme" title="Buddhisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Buddhisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budisme" title="Budisme – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Budisme" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebuda" title="Sebuda – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sebuda" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodisme" title="Bodisme – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bodisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhalai%C5%BEus" title="Buddhalaižus – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Buddhalaižus" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budizimii" title="Budizimii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Budizimii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8C%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A7_%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE" title="ବୌଦ୍ଧ ଧର୍ମ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବୌଦ୍ଧ ଧର୍ମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Буддизм – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Буддизм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE" title="ਬੁੱਧ ਧਰਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੁੱਧ ਧਰਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismu" title="Budismu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Budismu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Budismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boudime" title="Boudime – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Boudime" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="बुद्धो धम्म – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="बुद्धो धम्म" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budism" title="Budism – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Budism" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddyzm" title="Buddyzm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Buddyzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodism" title="Bodism – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bodism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AF%DA%BE_%D9%85%D8%AA" title="بدھ مت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بدھ مت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%85" title="بوديزم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بوديزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Budismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puthayuyay" title="Puthayuyay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Puthayuyay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budissem" title="Budissem – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Budissem" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddapen" title="Buddapen – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Buddapen" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budism" title="Budism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Budism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Буддизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Буддизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Будгізм – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Будгізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budisime" title="Budisime – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Budisime" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%83" title="बौद्धधर्मः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="बौद्धधर्मः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Буддизм – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Буддизм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A_%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismu" title="Buddhismu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Buddhismu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddismu" title="Buddismu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Buddismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Buddhism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BB%DA%8C%D9%85%D8%AA" title="ٻڌمت – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٻڌمت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhisma" title="Buddhisma – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Buddhisma" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budizam" title="Budizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Budizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%91" title="သႃႇသၼႃႇပုတ်ႉထ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="သႃႇသၼႃႇပုတ်ႉထ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B8" title="බුද්ධාගම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බුද්ධාගම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Buddhism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budhizmus" title="Budhizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Budhizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AF%DA%BE_%D9%85%D8%AA" title="بدھ مت – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بدھ مت" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budizem" title="Budizem – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Budizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubhudha" title="Ubhudha – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ubhudha" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budizmi" title="Budizmi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Budizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Будизам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Будизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Buddha" title="Agama Buddha – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Agama Buddha" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Buddhism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuddha" title="Ubuddha – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ubuddha" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8C%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பௌத்தம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பௌத்தம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A7_%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE" title="ಬೌದ್ಧ ಧರ್ಮ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಬೌದ್ಧ ಧರ್ಮ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9A%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%94%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%99%E1%A5%A7%E1%A5%90_%E1%A5%97%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B3" title="ᥚᥣᥱ ᥔᥣᥱ ᥙᥧᥐ ᥗᥣᥳ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥚᥣᥱ ᥔᥣᥱ ᥙᥧᥐ ᥗᥣᥳ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="బౌద్ధ మతం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బౌద్ధ మతం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Буддоия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Буддоия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98" title="ศาสนาพุทธ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศาสนาพุทธ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budda%C3%A7ylyk" title="Buddaçylyk – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Buddaçylyk" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddizm" title="Buddizm – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Buddizm" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budisim" title="Budisim – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Budisim" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budizm" title="Budizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Budizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vubhuda" title="Vubhuda – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vubhuda" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Буддачылык – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Буддачылык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%87%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89" title="بۇددا دىنى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بۇددا دىنى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Буддизм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Буддизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AF%DA%BE_%D9%85%D8%AA" title="بدھ مت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بدھ مت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddizm" title="Buddizm – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Buddizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budhismo" title="Budhismo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Budhismo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddizm" title="Buddizm – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Buddizm" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%ADt_gi%C3%A1o" title="Phật giáo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phật giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boudisse" title="Boudisse – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Boudisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Budismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="佛教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Буддизм – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Буддизм" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ბუდიზმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბუდიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="בודהיזם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בודהיזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8%CC%80s%C3%ACn_B%C3%BAdd%C3%A0" title="Ẹ̀sìn Búddà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹ̀sìn Búddà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fozgyau" title="Fozgyau – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Fozgyau" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⴱⵓⴷⵉⵜ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⴱⵓⴷⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="佛教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="佛教" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%CC%8Dt-k%C3%A0u" title="Hu̍t-kàu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hu̍t-kàu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="佛教" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UbuBudha" title="UbuBudha – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UbuBudha" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q748#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Budismo" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Usapan:Budismo" rel="discussion" title="Usapan tungkol sa nilalaman nito [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="/wiki/Budismo"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=history" title="Nakaraang pagbabago sa pahinang ito [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga aksyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Budismo"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=history"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pangkalahatan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Ano_ang_nakakawing_dito/Budismo" title="Talaan ng mga pahinang wiking nakaturo rito. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Mga nakaturo rito</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Nakakawing_ng_kamakailang_pagbabago/Budismo" rel="nofollow" title="Mga huling binago sa mga kaugnay na pahina mula sa pahinang ito [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Kaugnay na pagbabago</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tl" title="Magkarga ng mga larawan o iba pang midya [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Mag-upload ng file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Natatanging_mga_pahina" title="Tala ng mga natatanging pahina [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Natatanging pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&oldid=2095956" title="Ibigay ang palagiang kawing para sa kasalukuyang bersyon ng pahinang ito"><span>Permanenteng link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Impormasyon ng pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Sipiin&page=Budismo&id=2095956&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Impormasyon sa pagsangguni sa pahinang ito"><span>Sumangguni</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBudismo"><span>Kumuha ng pinaikling URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBudismo"><span>I-download ang QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I-print/I-export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Aklat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Budismo"><span>Lumikha ng isang aklat</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Budismo&action=show-download-screen"><span>I-download bilang PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&printable=yes" title="Ipakita ang bersyon ng pahinang itong madaling maililimbag [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bersyong mapi-print</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa iba pang proyekto </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Buddhism" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q748" title="Link sa nakakonektang item sa repositoryo ng datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Item na Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itsura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">itago</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Gandhara_Buddha_(tnm).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Gandhara_Buddha_%28tnm%29.jpeg/220px-Gandhara_Buddha_%28tnm%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Gandhara_Buddha_%28tnm%29.jpeg/330px-Gandhara_Buddha_%28tnm%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Gandhara_Buddha_%28tnm%29.jpeg/440px-Gandhara_Buddha_%28tnm%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1746" data-file-height="2894" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Buddha_(Tokyo_National_Museum)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Buddha (Tokyo National Museum) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nakatayong Buddha</a></i>. Ito ang isa sa pinakamaagang mga alam na representasyon ni <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a>, ika-1 hanggang ika-2 siglo CE. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greco-Buddhist_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greco-Buddhist art (hindi pa naisusulat)">Greco-Buddhist art</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gandhara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gandhara (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gandhara</a>. (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokyo_National_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokyo National Museum (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tokyo National Museum</a>)</figcaption></figure> <table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks plainlist" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;width:18.0em;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em">Bahagi ng <a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Budismo" title="Kategorya:Budismo">isang serye</a> tungkol sa</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;padding-top:0;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Budismo</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dharmacakra" title="Dharmacakra"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/100px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/150px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/200px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaysayan_ng_Budismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasaysayan ng Budismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kasaysayan</a></div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of Buddhism (hindi pa naisusulat)">Guhit-panahon</a></li> <li><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_councils" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist councils">Mga konseho</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Buddhists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Buddhists (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga kalaunang Budista</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;padding-bottom:0;"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dharma_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dharma (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dharma</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_terms_and_concepts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist terms and concepts (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga konsepto</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apat_na_Maharlikang_Katotohanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Apat na Maharlikang Katotohanan">Apat na Maharlikang Katotohanan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skandha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Limang mga Kabuuan</a></li> <li><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impermanensiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impermanensiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Impermanensiya</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dukkha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dukkha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pagdurusa</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatta (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hindi-sarili</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratītyasamutpāda (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nakasalalay na pinagmulan</a></li> <li><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle way (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gitnang Daan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śūnyatā (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kawalang laman</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karma_in_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karma in Buddhism (hindi pa naisusulat)">Karma</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebirth_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebirth (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Muling kapanganakan</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saṃsāra (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Saṃsāra</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_cosmology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist cosmology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kosmolohiya</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Threefold_Training&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Threefold Training (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga gawain</a></div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tatlong_Hiyas" title="Tatlong Hiyas">Tatlong Hiyas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_landas_na_Budista_tungo_sa_kalayaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga landas na Budista tungo sa kalayaan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga landas na Budista tungo sa kalayaan</a></li> <li><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A%C4%ABla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śīla (hindi pa naisusulat)">Moralidad</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C4%81ramit%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pāramitā (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga kasakdalan</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_meditation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist meditation (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pagninilay nilay</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagiging_mapagmasid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagiging mapagmasid (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pagiging mapagmasid</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisdom_in_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wisdom in Buddhism (hindi pa naisusulat)">Karunungan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karuṇā (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kahabagan</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga tulong sa Kaliwanagan</a></li> <li><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_monasticism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist monasticism (hindi pa naisusulat)">Monastisismo</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Householder_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Householder (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga karaniwang tao</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration" class="IAST Unicode" style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'GNU Unifont', 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nirvāṇa</span></a></div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_stages_of_enlightenment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four stages of enlightenment (hindi pa naisusulat)">Apat na Yugto</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhat_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arhat (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Arahant</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhahood">Buddha</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;padding-bottom:0;"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schools_of_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schools of Buddhism (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga tradisyon</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_texts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist texts (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga kanon</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budismong_Theravada" title="Budismong Theravada">Theravāda</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C4%81li_Canon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pāli Canon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pāli</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budismong_Mahayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Budismong Mahayana">Mahāyāna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hinayana" title="Hinayana">Hinayana</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Buddhist_canon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese Buddhist canon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Intsik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayāna</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budismong_Tibetano" title="Budismong Tibetano">Tibetano</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navayana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navayana (hindi pa naisusulat)">Navayana</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Outline of Buddhism (hindi pa naisusulat)">Guhit-balangkas</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding-top: 0.6em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1843287">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Buddhism" title="Padron:Buddhism"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Buddhism (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Buddhism&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ang <b>Budismo</b> o <b>Budhismo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></i>, nangangahulugang: "Ang Daan ng Naliwanagan") ay isang <a href="/wiki/Relihiyon" title="Relihiyon">relihiyon</a> o <a href="/wiki/Pilosopiya" title="Pilosopiya">pilosopiya</a> na nakatuon sa mga aral ni <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha Śākyamuni</a> (Siddhārtha Gautama), na marahil namuhay noong <a href="/wiki/Ika-5_siglo_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ika-5 siglo BC">ika-5 siglo BCE</a>. </p><p>Nakatuon ang Budismo sa mga aral ni <a href="/wiki/Siddhartha_Gautama" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddhartha Gautama">Siddhartha Gautama</a> o ang "<a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buda</a>", na isang dakilang mangangaral na nabuhay noong 563 BCE hanggang 483 BCE sa hilagang bahagi ng Indiya. Ang Buddha ay nangangahulugang "ang isang naliwanagan" sa <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> at <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli">Pāli</a>. Ang Buddha ay namuhay at nagturo sa silanganing bahagi ng <a href="/wiki/Subkontinenteng_Indiyano" class="mw-redirect" title="Subkontinenteng Indiyano">subkontinenteng Indiyano</a> sa pagitan ng ika-6 hanggang ika-4 siglo BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siya ay kinikilala ng mga Budista na isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bodhi (hindi pa naisusulat)">naliwanagan</a> na nagbahagi ng kanyang mga kabatiran upang tumulong sa mga may kamalayang nilalang na wakasan ang pagdurusa (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dukkha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dukkha (hindi pa naisusulat)">dukkha</a>) sa pamamagitan ng pagtatanggal na kamangmangan (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Avidy%C4%81_(Budismo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avidyā (Budismo) (hindi pa naisusulat)">avidyā</a>) sa pamamamagitan ng pag-unawa at pagkita sa nakasalalay na pinagmulan (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratītyasamutpāda (hindi pa naisusulat)">pratītyasamutpāda</a>) at pag-aalis ng pagnanasa (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ta%E1%B9%87h%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taṇhā (hindi pa naisusulat)">taṇhā</a>), at kaya ay makakamit ang pinakamataas na kaligayahan na <a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">nirvāṇa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di-teosentriko (Ingles: <i>non-theocentric</i>) ang Budismo. Walang sentrong "Diyos" sa Budismo. Kahit nito, puwedeng maniwala ang Budista sa maraming klaseng diyos sa mundong ito at sa iba-iba pang mga mundo. Ang mga diyos ay parte ng malawak na ekolohiyang binibilang na ang tao, hayop, demonyo, at iba-ibang klaseng buhay. Sa Budistang kosmolohiya, mayroong maraming mundo, bukod sa ating mundo. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Sengai_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Sengai_3.jpg/220px-Sengai_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Sengai_3.jpg/330px-Sengai_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Sengai_3.jpg/440px-Sengai_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1259" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption><i>Ang Uniberso</i>, pamosong pinturang Zen ni Sengai Gibon (mongheng Hapon, 1750–1837)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Japa_mala_(prayer_beads)_of_Tulasi_wood_with_108_beads_-_20040101-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Japa_mala_%28prayer_beads%29_of_Tulasi_wood_with_108_beads_-_20040101-01.jpg/220px-Japa_mala_%28prayer_beads%29_of_Tulasi_wood_with_108_beads_-_20040101-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Japa_mala_%28prayer_beads%29_of_Tulasi_wood_with_108_beads_-_20040101-01.jpg/330px-Japa_mala_%28prayer_beads%29_of_Tulasi_wood_with_108_beads_-_20040101-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Japa_mala_%28prayer_beads%29_of_Tulasi_wood_with_108_beads_-_20040101-01.jpg/440px-Japa_mala_%28prayer_beads%29_of_Tulasi_wood_with_108_beads_-_20040101-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><i>Japa mala</i>—rosaryong 108 abaloryo ng mga Budista</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Gold_Lacquered_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gold_Lacquered_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg/220px-Gold_Lacquered_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gold_Lacquered_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg/330px-Gold_Lacquered_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gold_Lacquered_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg/440px-Gold_Lacquered_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="711" /></a><figcaption>Maitreya Buddha</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Gilt-bronze_Seated_Amitabha_Buddha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Gilt-bronze_Seated_Amitabha_Buddha.jpg/220px-Gilt-bronze_Seated_Amitabha_Buddha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Gilt-bronze_Seated_Amitabha_Buddha.jpg/330px-Gilt-bronze_Seated_Amitabha_Buddha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Gilt-bronze_Seated_Amitabha_Buddha.jpg/440px-Gilt-bronze_Seated_Amitabha_Buddha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Amitabha Buddha</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang dalawang mga pangunahing sangay ng Budismo ay pangkalahatang kinikilala: ang <a href="/wiki/Theravada" class="mw-redirect" title="Theravada">Theravada</a> ("Ang Paaralan ng mga Nakatatanda") at <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> ("Ang Dakilang Sasakyan"). Ang Theravada ay may malawakang mga tagasunod sa Sri Lanka, Timog Silangang Asya. Ang Mayahana ay matatagpuan sa buong <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Asya" title="Silangang Asya">Silangang Asya</a> (Tsina, Korea, Hapon, Vietnam, Singapore, Taiwan, etc.) at kinabibilangan ng mga tradisyon ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalisay_na_Lupain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalisay na Lupain (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dalisay na Lupain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismong_Nichiren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budismong Nichiren (hindi pa naisusulat)">Budismong Nichiren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budismong_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Budismong Tibetan">Budismong Tibetan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shingon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shingon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Shingon</a>, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiantai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiantai (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tiantai</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tendai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tendai (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tendai</a>). Sa ilang mga klasipikasyon, ang<a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> na pangunahing sinasanay sa <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> at mga kalapit na bahagi ng Tsina at Rusya ay kinikilala na ikatlong sangay samantalang ang iba ay umuuri dito bilang bahagi ng Mahayanan. Bagaman ang Budismo ay nananatiling pinakasikat sa loob ng Asya, ang parehong mga sangay nito ay matatagpuan na ngayon sa buong mundo. Ang mga Budismo sa buong mundo ay tinatayang sa pagitan ng 350–500 milyon <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lopez,_p._239_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lopez,_p._239-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lopez,_Buddhism._p._248_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lopez,_Buddhism._p._248-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> o sa pagitan ng 1.2 - 1.7 bilyon.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ito ay kinikilala rin bilang isa sa pinakamabilis na lumalagong <a href="/wiki/Relihiyon" title="Relihiyon">relihiyon</a> sa buong mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang mga eskuwela ng Budismo ay iba-iba sa eksaktong kalikasan ng landas tungo sa <a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">kalayaan</a>, ang kahalagahan at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_tekstong_Budista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga tekstong Budista (hindi pa naisusulat)">kanonisidad ng iba't ibang mga katuruan at kasulatan</a> at lalo na ang kanilang mga respektibong kasanayan.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga pundasyon ng tradisyong Budista at kasanayan ang <a href="/wiki/Tatlong_Hiyas" title="Tatlong Hiyas">Tatlong Hiyas</a> (<i>Triple Gem/Tirattana</i>). Ang Tatlong Hiyas ay ang Buda (Ang naliwanagan), ang <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a> (Mga katuruan ng Buda), at ang <a href="/wiki/Sangha" title="Sangha">Sangha</a> (Komunidad ng mga Budista). Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagkanlong_(Budismo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagkanlong (Budismo) (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagkanlong</a> sa Tatlong Hiyas ay tradisyonal na isang paghahayag at pagtatalaga ng sarili sa pagiging nasa landas na Budista at sa pangakalahatang ay nagtatangi ng isang Budista mula sa isang hindi-Budista.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang ibang mga kasanayan ay maaaring kabilangan ng mga sumusunod na <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%ABla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sīla (hindi pa naisusulat)">mga patakarang etikal</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dana_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dana (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagsuporta sa pamayahanang monastiko</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nekkhamma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nekkhamma (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagtakwil</a> sa nakagawiang pamumuhay at pagigign isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monastiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monastiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">monastiko</a>; pag-unlad ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagiging_mapagmasid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagiging mapagmasid (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagiging mapagmasid</a> at pagsasanay ng <a href="/wiki/Pagninilay-nilay" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Pagninilay-nilay">pagninilay-nilay</a>; pagpapalago ng mas mataas na karungungan at pagkawari; pag-aaral ng mga kasulatang Budista; mga pagtutuong kasanayan, mga seremonya at sa tradisyong Mahayana ay paghimok ng mga buddha at <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">bodhisattva</a>. </p><p>Nabibilang ito sa mga pangunahing relihiyon sa mundo. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Buddhist_Expansion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Buddhist_Expansion.svg/500px-Buddhist_Expansion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="462" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Buddhist_Expansion.svg/750px-Buddhist_Expansion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Buddhist_Expansion.svg/1000px-Buddhist_Expansion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption>Ekspansiyon ng Budismo</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_konseptong_Budista">Mga konseptong Budista</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga konseptong Budista" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Mga konseptong Budista"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_termino_at_konseptong_Budista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga termino at konseptong Budista (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga termino at konseptong Budista</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buhay_at_mundo">Buhay at mundo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Buhay at mundo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Buhay at mundo"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Bhavachakra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bhavachakra.jpg/170px-Bhavachakra.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bhavachakra.jpg/255px-Bhavachakra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Bhavachakra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Tradisyonal na <a href="/wiki/Budismong_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Budismong Tibetan">Budistang Tibetan</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thangka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thangka (hindi pa naisusulat)">Thangka</a> na nagpapakita ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhavacakra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhavacakra (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gulong ng Buhay</a> na may mga anim nitong sakop.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saṃsāra"><span id="Sa.E1.B9.83s.C4.81ra"></span>Saṃsāra</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Saṃsāra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Saṃsāra"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Budismo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saṃsāra (Budismo) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Saṃsāra (Budismo)</a></div> <p>Ang Samsara ang "gulong ng kapanganakan at kamatayan".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga may kamalayaang nilalang ay nananabik sa pagnanasa at ayaw sa <a href="/wiki/Sakit" title="Sakit">sakit</a> mula kapanganakan hanggang kamatayan. Sa pagiging nakontrol ng mga saloobing ito, kanilang ipinagpapatuloy ang siklo ng may kondisyong pag-iral at pagdurusa (saṃsāra) at lumilikha ng mga sanhi at kondisyon ng susunod na muling kapanganakan pagkatapos ng kamatayan. Ang bawat muling kapanganakan ay nag-uulit ng prosesong ito sa isang hindi boluntaryong siklo na sinisikap ng mga Budistang wakasan sa pamamagitan ng pagpuksa sa mga sanhi at kondisyong ito at naglalapat ng mga pamamaraang inilatag ni Buddha at ng mga kalaunang Budista. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Karma">Karma</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Karma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Karma"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karma_sa_Budismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karma sa Budismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Karma sa Budismo</a></div> <p>Ang <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a> (mula sa <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: "aksiyon, gawa") sa Budismo ang pwersa na nagtutulak sa<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saṃsāra (hindi pa naisusulat)">saṃsāra</a> na siklo ng pagdurusa at muling kapanganakan ng bawat nilalang. Ang mga mabuting may kasanayang mga gawa (<a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli">Pāli</a>: "kusala") at masama at walang kasanayang mga gawa (Pāli: "akusala") ay lumilikha ng mga binhi sa isipan na natutupad sa buhay na ito o sa kalaunang muling kapanganakan.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang pag-iwas sa hindi malusog na mga gawa at pagpapalago ng mga positibong gawa ay tinatawag na <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A%C4%ABla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śīla (hindi pa naisusulat)">śīla</a> (mula sa Sanskrit: "etikal na pag-aasal"). Sa Budismo, ang karma ay spesispikong tumutukoy sa mga aksiyon o gawa ng katawan, pananalita at kaisipan na lumilitaw mula sa layuning pang-isipan ("<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cetana (hindi pa naisusulat)">cetana</a>"),<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at nagdudulot ng isang kalalabasan o bunga (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phala (hindi pa naisusulat)">phala</a></i>) o resulta (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vip%C4%81ka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vipāka (hindi pa naisusulat)">vipāka</a></i>). Sa Budismong Theravāda, walang makadiyos na kaligtasan o kapatawan para sa karma ng isa dahil isang purong prosesong hindi personal na bahagi ng kabuuan ng uniberso. Sa Mahāyāna Budismo, ang mga teksto ng isang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahayana_sutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahayana sutra (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mahayana sutra</a> (gaya ng <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Sutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotus Sutra (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lotus Sutra</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angulimaliya_Sutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angulimaliya Sutra (hindi pa naisusulat)">Angulimaliya Sutra</a></i>, at <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirvana_Sutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nirvana Sutra (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nirvāṇa Sutra</a></i>) ay nag-aangkin ng pagbibigkas o pakikinig lamang ng kanilang mga teksto ay maaaring bumura ng mga karma. Ang ilang mga anyo ng Budismo gaya ng Vajrayana ay tumuturing sa pagbibigkas ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mantra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mantra (hindi pa naisusulat)">mantra</a> bilang paraan ng pagputol ng nakaraang negatibong karma.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang Hapones na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalisay_na_Lupain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalisay na Lupain (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dalisay na Lupaing</a> Gurong si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genshin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genshin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Genshin</a> ay nagturo na ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amida_Buddha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amida Buddha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Amida Buddha</a> ay may kapangyarihang wumasak ng karma na kundi ay magtatali ng isa sa saṃsāra.<sup id="cite_ref-Lopez,_p._239_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lopez,_p._239-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lopez,_Buddhism._p._248_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lopez,_Buddhism._p._248-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Muling_kapanganakan">Muling kapanganakan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Muling kapanganakan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Muling kapanganakan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Kushinara1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A very large hill behind two palm trees and a boulevard, people walking are about one fifth the hill's height" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Kushinara1.jpg/220px-Kushinara1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Kushinara1.jpg/330px-Kushinara1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Kushinara1.jpg/440px-Kushinara1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1563" /></a><figcaption>Lugar ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kremasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kremasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">kremasyon</a> ni Gautama, Ramabhar Stupa sa <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" class="mw-redirect" title="India">India</a></figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muling_kapanganakan_(Budismo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muling kapanganakan (Budismo) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Muling kapanganakan (Budismo)</a></div> <p>Ang muling kapanganakan ay tumutukoy sa isang proseso kung saan ang mga nilalang ay dumadaan sa isang paghahali ng mga buhay bilang isa sa mga posibleng anyo ng may kamalayang buhay na ang bawat isa ay tumatakbo mula sa paglilihi hanggang sa kamatayan.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Itinatakwil ng Budismo ang mga konsepto ng isang permanenteng sarili o isang hindi nagbabago, walang hanggang <a href="/wiki/Kaluluwa" title="Kaluluwa">kaluluwa</a> gaya ng tinatawag sa <a href="/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo">Hinduismo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo">Kristiyanismo</a>. Ayon sa Budismo, walang gayong bagay gaya ng isang sarili na hindi nakasalalay mula sa iba ng uniberso (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatta (hindi pa naisusulat)">anatta</a>). Ang kapangakan sa mga kalaunang pag-iral ay dapat maunawaan bilang isang pagpapatuloy ng isang nagbabagong proseso ng nakasalalay na pag-ahon ("<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratītyasamutpāda (hindi pa naisusulat)">pratītyasamutpāda</a>") na tinutukoy ng mga batas ng sanhi at epekto (karma) sa halip na ng sa isang nilalang na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transmigrasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transmigrasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">nasa transmigrasyon</a> o nagiging laman mula sa isang pag-iral tungo sa susunod. Ang bawat muling kapanganakan ay nangyayari sa loob ng isa sa mga limang sakop ayon sa mga Theravadin o anim ayon sa ibang mga eskuwelang Budista.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga ito ay karagdagang nahahati sa 31 mga plano ng pagkakaroon:<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naraka_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naraka (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga nilalang na Naraka</a>: ang mga namuuhay sa isa sa mga Narakas (mga impiyerno).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preta (hindi pa naisusulat)">Preta</a>: minsang nagsasalo ng ilang espasyo sa mga tao ngunit hindi nakikita ng karamihang mga tao; isang mahalagang bariasyon ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gutom_na_multo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gutom na multo (hindi pa naisusulat)">gutom na multo</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animals_in_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Animals in Buddhism (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga hayop</a>: nagsasalo ng espasyo sa mga tao ngunit itinuturing na ibang uri ng buhay</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_beings_in_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human beings in Buddhism (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga nilalang na tao</a>: isa sa mga sakop ng muling kapanganakan kung saan ang pagkakamit ng Nirvana ay posible</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asura_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asura (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Asuras</a>: iba't ibang isinalin bilang mababang mga <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">diyos</a>, mga <a href="/wiki/Demonyo" title="Demonyo">demonyo</a>, mga <a href="/wiki/Titan" class="mw-disambig" title="Titan">titan</a>, mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antidiyos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antidiyos (hindi pa naisusulat)">antidiyos</a>. Hindi kinikilala sa tradisyong Theravāda (Mahavihara) bilang isang hiwalay na sakop;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deva_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deva (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga Deva</a> kabilang ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahma_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahma (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Brahmas</a>: iba ibang isinalin bilang mga diyos, mga espirito, mga anghel o iniwang hindi isinalin.</li></ol> <p>Ang mga muling kapanganakan sa ilan sa mga mas mataas na kalangaitan na kilala bilang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_cosmology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist cosmology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga daigdig na Śuddhāvāsa</a> (Mga dalisay na tirahan) ay makakamit lamang ng mga may kasanayang tagapagsanay na Budistang kilala bilang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=An%C4%81g%C4%81mi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anāgāmi (hindi pa naisusulat)">anāgāmi</a> (mga hindi bumabalik). Ang mga muling kapanganakan sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_cosmology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist cosmology (hindi pa naisusulat)">arupa-dhatu</a> (mga walang anyong sakop) ay makakamit lamang ng mga makagpaninilay nilay sa mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C5%ABpajh%C4%81na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arūpajhāna (hindi pa naisusulat)">arūpajhāna</a> na pinakamataas na bagay ng pagninilay nilay. Ayon sa Budismong Tibetan, may isang pagitang estado (Bardo) sa pagitan ng isang buhay at susunod. Ang posisyong Ortodoksong Theravāda ay tumatakwil dito. Gayunpaman, may ilang mga talata sa <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samyutta_Nikaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samyutta Nikaya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Samyutta Nikaya</a></i> ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pali Canon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pali Canon</a> na tila sumusuporta sa ideya na ang Buddha ay nagturo ng isang pagitang yugto sa pagita ng isang buhay at sa susunod.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang Pali Canon ay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tipi%E1%B9%ADaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tipiṭaka (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tipiṭaka</a> o ang <i>Tatlong Buslo</i> kung tawagin sa Theravāda. Ang Tipiṭaka ang Eskritura ng Theravāda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mga_sanhi_ng_pagdurusa_at_solusyon">Mga sanhi ng pagdurusa at solusyon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanhi ng pagdurusa at solusyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sanhi ng pagdurusa at solusyon"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ang_Apat_na_Maharlikang_mga_Katotohanan">Ang Apat na Maharlikang mga Katotohanan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ang Apat na Maharlikang mga Katotohanan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Ang Apat na Maharlikang mga Katotohanan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang mga katuruan tungkol sa Apat na mga Maharlikang Katotohanan ay itinuturing na sentral sa mga katuruan ng Budismo at sinasabing nagbibigay ng isang pangkonseptong balangkas para sa kaisipang Budista. Ang mga apat na katotohanan ay nagpapaliwanag ng kalikasan ng <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dukkha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dukkha (hindi pa naisusulat)">dukkha</a></i> (pagdurusa, kabalisaan, kawalang satipaksiyon), mga sanhi nito at kung paano ito mapaglalabanan. Ang mga apat na katotohanan ang: <sup id="cite_ref-fnt1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fnt1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Ang katotohanan ng <i>dukkha</i> (pagdurusa, kabalisaan, kawalang satipaksiyon)</li> <li>Ang katotohanan ng pinagmulan ng <i>dukkha</i></li> <li>Ang katotohanan ng pagtigil ng <i>dukkha</i></li> <li>Ang katotohanan ng landas tungo sa pagtigil ng <i>dukkha</i></li></ol> <p>Ang unang katotohanan ay nagpapaliwanag ng kalikasan ng <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dukkha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dukkha (hindi pa naisusulat)">dukkha</a></i> na karaniwang isinasalin na pagdurusa, kabalisaan, kawalang satipaksiyon etc., at sinasabing may mga susumunod na tatlong aspeto: </p> <ul><li>Ang halatang pagdurusa ng karamdamang pisikal at pangkaisipan, pagtanda at pagkamatay</li> <li>Ang kabalisaan o stree ng pagtatangkang kumapit sa mga bagay na patuloy na nagbabago at</li> <li>isang kawalang satipaksiyon na laganap sa lahat ng mga anyo ng buhay sanhi ng katotohanan na ang lahat ng mga anyo ng buhay ay hindi permanente at patuloy na nagbabago <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Ang ikalawang katotohanan ay ang <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samudaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samudaya (hindi pa naisusulat)">pinagmulan</a></i> ng <i>dukkha</i> ay malalaman. Sa loob ng konteksto ng apat na maharlikang katotohan, ang pinagmulan ng dukkha ay karaniwang pinapaliwanag bilang pagnanasa (Pali: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanha (hindi pa naisusulat)">tanha</a></i>) na kinondisyon sa kamangmangan (Pali: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avidya_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avidya (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">avijja</a></i>).Sa isang mas malalim na antas, ang ugat na sanhi ng dukkha ay tinukoy na kamangmangan (Pali: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avidya_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avidya (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">avijja</a></i>) ng tunay na kalikasan ng mga bagay. Ang ikatlong maharlikang katotohanan ay ang kumpletong <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirodha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nirodha (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagtigil</a></i> ng <i>dukkha</i> ay posible at ang ikaapat na katotohanan ay tumutukoy sa isang landas sa pagtigil na ito.<sup id="cite_ref-fnt1_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fnt1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maharlikang_Makawalong_Landas">Maharlikang Makawalong Landas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Maharlikang Makawalong Landas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Maharlikang Makawalong Landas"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/220px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/330px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/440px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Ang <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dharmachakra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dharmachakra (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dharmachakra</a></i> ay kumakatawan sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maharlikang_Makawalong_Landas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maharlikang Makawalong Landas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Maharlikang Makawalong Landas</a>. </figcaption></figure> <p>Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maharlikang_Makawalong_Landas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maharlikang Makawalong Landas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Maharlikang Makawalong Landas</a> na ikaapat sa Apat na Maharlikang Katotohanan ay binubuo ng isang hanay ng walaong magkakaugnay na mga paktor o kondisyon na kapag sama samang pinaunlad ay tutungo sa pagtigil ng dukkha.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAjahn_Sucitto201087-88_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAjahn_Sucitto201087-88-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang walong mga paktor na ito ang: tamang pananaw o pagkaunawa, tamang layuini o tamang pag-iisip, tamang pananalita, tamang aksiyon, tamang pamumuhay, tamang pagsisikap, tamang kamatyagan, at tamang konsentrasyon. Inilarawan ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajahn_Sucitto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajahn Sucitto (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ajahn Sucitto</a> ang landa bilang "isang mandal ng magkakaugnay na mga paktor na sumuruporta at nagpapahinahon sa bawat isa."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAjahn_Sucitto201087-88_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAjahn_Sucitto201087-88-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang walong ma paktor ng landas ay hindi dapat maunawaan bilang mga yugto kung saan ang bawat yugto ay nakukumpleto bago ang pagusad sa susunod. Sa halip, ang mga ito ay nauunawaan bilang walong mahahalagang mga dimensiyon ng pag-aasal ng isang tao-pang-isipan, pangpananalita, at pangkatawan na gumagana sa pagsalaysay sa bawat isa. Kung pagsasamahin, ang mga ito ay naglalarawan ng isang kumpletong landas o paraan ng pamumuhay. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGethin199882_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGethin199882-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang walong mga pakto ng landa ay karaniwang itinatanghal sa loob ng tatlong mga dibisyon o mas mataas na mga pagsasanay gaya ng ipinapakita sa ibaba: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#eee; text-align:center;">Dibisyon</th> <th style="background:#eee; text-align:center;">Makawalong paktor</th> <th style="background:#eee; text-align:center;"><i>Sanskrit, Pali</i></th> <th style="background:#eee; text-align:center;">Paglalarawan</th> </tr><tr> <td style="background:#cff;" rowspan="2">Karunungan<br />(Sanskrit: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praj%C3%B1%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prajñā (hindi pa naisusulat)">prajñā</a></i>,<br /> Pāli: <i>paññā</i>)</td> <td style="background:#cff;"><b>1. Tamang pananaw</b> </td> <td style="background:#cff;"><i>samyag dṛṣṭi,<br />sammā ditthi</i></td> <td style="background:#cff;">Pagtingin sa realidad kung ano ito at hindi lamang kung paano ito lumilitaw </td> </tr><tr> <td style="background:#cff;"><b>2. Tamang layunin</b> </td> <td style="background:#cff;"><i>samyag saṃkalpa,<br />sammā sankappa</i> </td> <td style="background:#cff;"> Layunin ng pagtakwil, kalayaan at pagiging hindi mapanganib </td> </tr><tr> <td style="background:#cfc;" rowspan="3">Pag-aasal na etikal <br />(Sanskrit: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A%C4%ABla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śīla (hindi pa naisusulat)">śīla</a></i>,<br /> Pāli: <i>sīla</i>)</td> <td style="background:#cfc;"><b>3.Tamang pananalita</b> </td> <td style="background:#cfc;"> <i>samyag vāc,<br />sammā vāca</i></td> <td style="background:#cfc;"> Pagsasalita sa makatotohanan at hindi nakasasakit na paraan </td> </tr><tr> <td style="background:#cfc;"><b>4. Tamang gawa</b> </td> <td style="background:#cfc;"> <i>samyag karman,<br />sammā kammanta</i></td> <td style="background:#cfc;"> Paggawa o pag-aasal sa isang hindi nakapanganganib na paraan </td> </tr><tr> <td style="background:#cfc;"><b>5. Tamang pamumuhay</b> </td> <td style="background:#cfc;"> <i>samyag ājīvana,<br />sammā ājīva</i></td> <td style="background:#cfc;"> Isang hindi nakapanganganib na pamumuhay</td> </tr><tr> <td style="background:#fc9;" rowspan="3">Konsentrasyon <br />(Sanskrit and Pāli: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam%C4%81dhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samādhi (hindi pa naisusulat)">samādhi</a></i>) </td> <td style="background:#fc9;"><b>6. Tamang pagsisikap</b> </td> <td style="background:#fc9;"> <i>samyag vyāyāma,<br />sammā vāyāma</i></td> <td style="background:#fc9;"> Pagsisikap na bumuti</td> </tr><tr> <td style="background:#fc9;"><b>7.Tamang kamatyagan</b> </td> <td style="background:#fc9;"> <i>samyag smṛti,<br />sammā sati</i> </td> <td style="background:#fc9;"> Kamalayan na makita ang mgabagay kung ano ang mga ito nang may malinis na kamalayan<br />pagiging may kamalayan sa kasalukuyang realidad sa loob ng sarili nang walang anumang pananabik o pag-ayaw </td> </tr><tr> <td style="background:#fc9;"><b>8. Tamang konsentrasyon</b> </td> <td style="background:#fc9;"> <i>samyag samādhi,<br />sammā samādhi</i> </td> <td style="background:#fc9;"> Tamang pagninilay-nilay o konsentrasyon na ipinaliwanag bilang ang unang apat na jhānas</td> </tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ang_mga_apat_na_hindi_masusukat">Ang mga apat na hindi masusukat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ang mga apat na hindi masusukat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Ang mga apat na hindi masusukat"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Statue_of_Buddha_in_Puji_Temple_on_Putuo_Shan_island.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Statue_of_Buddha_in_Puji_Temple_on_Putuo_Shan_island.JPG/220px-Statue_of_Buddha_in_Puji_Temple_on_Putuo_Shan_island.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Statue_of_Buddha_in_Puji_Temple_on_Putuo_Shan_island.JPG/330px-Statue_of_Buddha_in_Puji_Temple_on_Putuo_Shan_island.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Statue_of_Buddha_in_Puji_Temple_on_Putuo_Shan_island.JPG/440px-Statue_of_Buddha_in_Puji_Temple_on_Putuo_Shan_island.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Estatwa ni Buddha sa Templong Puji sa islang Putuo Shan sa Tsina.</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmavihara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmavihara (hindi pa naisusulat)">Brahmavihara</a></div> <p>Habang kanyan hinahanap ang kaliwanagan, pinagsama ni Gautama ang kasanayang <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a> ng kanyang gurong si Kalama sa kalaunang nakilala bilang "ang mga hindi masusukat".<sup id="cite_ref-Armstrong77_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armstrong77-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Ang materyal sa paligid ng tag na ito ay maaaring hindi totoo o tumpak since Oktubre 2012" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Disputed statement">alanganin</a><span class="metadata"> – <a href="/wiki/Usapan:Budismo#Alanganin" title="Usapan:Budismo">pag-usapan</a></span>]</span></sup> Sa gayo'y nag-imbento si Gautama ng isang bagong uri ng tao, isa na walang egotismo.<sup id="cite_ref-Armstrong77_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armstrong77-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Ang materyal sa paligid ng tag na ito ay maaaring hindi totoo o tumpak since Oktubre 2012" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Disputed statement">alanganin</a><span class="metadata"> – <a href="/wiki/Usapan:Budismo#Alanganin" title="Usapan:Budismo">pag-usapan</a></span>]</span></sup> Ang tinatawag ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thich_Nhat_Hanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thich Nhat Hanh (hindi pa naisusulat)">Thich Nhat Hanh</a> na "mga apat na hindi masusukat na kaisipan" ng pag-ibig, kahabagayan, kalagakan at kahinahunan <sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ay kilala rin bilang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmavihara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmavihara (hindi pa naisusulat)">brahmavihara</a>, mga tirahan ng diyos o simpleng ang apat na mga hindi masusukat.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tinawag ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pema_Ch%C3%B6dr%C3%B6n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pema Chödrön (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pema Chödrön</a> ang mga ito na "Mga apat na walang hangganang isa" .<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa apat, ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mett%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mettā (hindi pa naisusulat)">mettā</a> o mapagmahal na pagmumuni-muni ay marahil ang pinakakilala.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga apat na hindi masusukat ay tinuturo bilang isang anyo ng pagninilay-nilay na nagpapalago ng malusog na mga saloobin tungo sa lahat ng mga may kamalayang nilalang.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang nagsasanay ay nananalangin na: </p> <ol><li>Nawa'y ang lahat ng mga may kamalayang nilalang ay magkaroon ng kaligayan at mga sanhi nito,</li> <li>Nawa'y ang lahat ng mga may kamalayang nilalang ay maging malaya sa pagdurusa at mga sanhi nito,</li> <li>Nawa'y ang lahat ng mga may kamalayang nilalang ay hindi kailanman mahiwalay sa sukdulang kaligayahan nang walang pagdurusa,</li> <li>Nawa'y ang lahat ng mga may kamalayang nilalagan ay nasa kahinahunan, malaya sa pagkiling, pagkatali at galit.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gitnang_Daan">Gitnang Daan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Gitnang Daan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Gitnang Daan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gitnang_Daan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gitnang Daan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gitnang Daan</a></div> <p>Ang isang mahalagang gumagabay na prinsipyo ng kasanayang Budista ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gitnang_Daan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gitnang Daan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gitnang Daan</a> o Gitnang Landas na sinasabing natuklasan ni Gautama Buddha bago ang kanyang kaliwanagan. Ang Gitnang Daan ay may ilang mga kahulugan: </p> <ol><li>Ang kasanayan ng hindi-kalabisan: isang landas ng kahinahunan mula sa mga kasukdulan ng pagpapakasasa sa sarili at mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mortipikasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mortipikasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">mortipikasyon</a> sa sarili;</li> <li>Ang gitnang posisyon sa pagitan ng isang mga pananaw na <a href="/wiki/Metapisika" title="Metapisika">metapisikal</a> (halimbawa na ang ang mga bagay ay huling umiiral o hindi);<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Isang paliwanag ng <a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvāṇa</a> (sakdal na kaliwanagan) na isang estado kung saan nagiging maliwanag na ang lahat ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dualidad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dualidad (hindi pa naisusulat)">dualidad</a> na maliwanag sa mundo ay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Delusoryo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delusoryo (hindi pa naisusulat)">delusoryo</a> (tingnan ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seongcheol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seongcheol (hindi pa naisusulat)">Seongcheol</a>);</li> <li>Isa pang termino para sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śūnyatā (hindi pa naisusulat)">kawalang laman</a> na huling kalikasan ng lahat ng mga phenomena (sa sangay na Mahayana) na isang kawalan ng likas na pag-iral na umiiwas sa mga mga kasukdulan ng pagiging permanente at <a href="/wiki/Nihilismo" title="Nihilismo">nihilismo</a> o likas na pag-iral at kawalan.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kalikasan_ng_pag-iral">Kalikasan ng pag-iral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kalikasan ng pag-iral" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Kalikasan ng pag-iral"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Debating_Monks.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Debating_Monks.JPG/170px-Debating_Monks.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Debating_Monks.JPG/255px-Debating_Monks.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Debating_Monks.JPG/340px-Debating_Monks.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="1984" /></a><figcaption>Ang mga nagdedebateng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhikku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhikku (hindi pa naisusulat)">monghe</a> sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monasteryong_Sera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monasteryong Sera (hindi pa naisusulat)">Monasteryong Sera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ang mga skolar na Budista ay lumikha ng isang kahanga-hangang bilang ng mga teoriyang pang-intelektuwal, gayundin ang mga <a href="/wiki/Pilosopiya" title="Pilosopiya">pilosopiya</a> at mga konsepto ng pananaw ng daigdig (halimbawa, tingnan ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhidharma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abhidharma (hindi pa naisusulat)">Abhidharma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilosopiyang_Budista" title="Pilosopiyang Budista">Pilosopiyang Budista</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Realidad_sa_Budismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realidad sa Budismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Realidad sa Budismo</a>). Ang ilang mga eskuwela ng Budismo ay hindi humihikayat ng pag-aaral ng doktrina at ang ilan ay tumuturing ditong isang mahalagang kasanayan. Ang konsepto ng kalayaan (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirv%C4%81%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nirvāṇa (hindi pa naisusulat)">nirvāṇa</a>) na layunin ng landas na Budista ay malapit na nauugnay sa pananaig sa kamangmangan (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Avidy%C4%81_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avidyā (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">avidyā</a>) na isang pundamental na maling pagkaunawa o maling pagkatanto ng kalikasan ng realidad. Sa paggising ng tunay na sarili at lahat ng phenomena, ang isa ay nagpapaunlad ng walang pagkiling para sa mga bagay ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Up%C4%81d%C4%81na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upādāna (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagkapit</a> at napapalaya mula sa siklo ng pagdurusa (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dukkha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dukkha (hindi pa naisusulat)">dukkha</a>) at sa siklo ng walang tigil na mga muling kapanganakan (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saṃsāra (hindi pa naisusulat)">saṃsāra</a>). Upang makamit ito, ang Buddha ay nagrekomiyenda ng pagtingin sa mga bagay gaya ng inilalarawan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_tatlong_marka_ng_pag-iral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga tatlong marka ng pag-iral (hindi pa naisusulat)">mga tatlong marka ng pag-iral</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mga_Tatlong_Marka_ng_Pag-iral">Mga Tatlong Marka ng Pag-iral</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga Tatlong Marka ng Pag-iral" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Mga Tatlong Marka ng Pag-iral"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_Tatlong_Marka_ng_Pag-iral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga Tatlong Marka ng Pag-iral (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga Tatlong Marka ng Pag-iral</a></div> <p>Ang mga tatlong marka ng pag-iral ang pagiging hindi permanente, pagdurusa at hindi-sarili. Ang pagiging hindi permanente (Pāli: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anicca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anicca (hindi pa naisusulat)">anicca</a></i>) ay naghahayag ng ideyang Budista na ang lahat ng mga pinagsama o kinondisyong phenomena (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sankhara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sankhara (hindi pa naisusulat)">sankhara</a>) na lahat ng mga bagay at karanasan ay nagbabago, hindi matatag at hindi permanente. Ang lahat ng ating nararasan sa pamamagitan ng ating mga pandama ay binubuo ng mga bahagi at ang pag-iral nito ay nakasalalay sa mga panlabas na kondisyon. Ang bawat bagay ay nasa patuloy na pagbabago at kaya ang mga kondisyon at mismong bagay ay patuloy na nagbabago. Ang mga bagay ay patuloy na nagiging at humihintong maging. Dahil walang bagay ang tumatagal, walang likas o nakatakdang kalikasan ng bagay o karanasan. Ayon sa doktrina ng pagiging hindi permanente, ang buhay ay kumakatawan sa pagbabagong ito sa proseso ng pagtanda, ang siklo ng muling kapanganakan (saṃsāra) at sa anumang karanasan ng kawalan. Ang doktrinang ito ay nagsasaad na dahil ang mga bagay ay hindi permanente, ang pagkatali sa mga ito ay walang kabuluhan at humahantong sa pagdurusa (dukkha). </p><p>Ang pagdurusa (Pāli: दुक्ख <i>dukkha</i>; Sanskrit दुःख <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration" class="IAST Unicode" style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'GNU Unifont', 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">duḥkha</span></i>) ay isa ring sentral na konsepto sa Budismo. Ang salitang ito ay tinatayang tumutugon sa ilang mga termino sa Tagalog kabilang "pagdurusa," "kirot," kawalang satipaksiyon, kapighatian, paghihirap, kabalisaan, istres at pagkasiphayo. Bagaman ang terminong ito ay kadalasang isinasalin bilang "pagdurusa," ang pilosopikal na kahulugan nito ay mas katulad ng kawalang katihimkan gaya ng pagiging nagulo. Sa gayon, ang "pagdurusa" ay napakakitid na sali na may mga negatibong emosyonal na konotasyon <sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> na nagbibigay impresyon na ang pananaw na Budista ay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pesismismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pesismismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">pesimistiko</a>. Gayunpaman, ang Budisma ay naghahangad na maging hindi pesimistiko o <a href="/wiki/Optimismo" title="Optimismo">optimistiko</a> kundi maging <a href="/w/index.php?title=Realism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realism (hindi pa naisusulat)">realistiko</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rahula_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rahula-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prebish_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prebish-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-keown_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keown-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang Hindi-sarili (Pāli: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatta (hindi pa naisusulat)">anatta</a></i>; Sanskrit: <i>anātman</i>) ang ikatlong marka ng pag-iral. Sa maingat na pagsisiyasat, matatagpuan ng isa na walang phenomenon ang tunay na "Ako" o "Akin". Ang mga konseptong ito ay katunayang nilikha ng isipan. Sa <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikayas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikayas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nikayas</a></i>, ang anatta ay hindi nangangahulugan bilang isang paghahayag na metapisikal ngunit bilang isang pakikitungo sa pagkakamit ng kalayaan mula sa pagdurusa. Sa katunayan, itinakwil ni Buddha ang parehong mga paghahayag na metapisikal na "Ako ay may <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atman_(Hinduismo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atman (Hinduismo) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sarili</a>" at "Ako ay walang Sarili" bilang <a href="/wiki/Ontolohiya" title="Ontolohiya">ontolohikang</a> mga pananaw na nagtatali ng isa sa pagdurusa.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kapag tinanong kung ang sarili ay katulad ng katawan, si Buddha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Labingapat_na_hindi_masasagot_na_mga_tanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labingapat na hindi masasagot na mga tanon (hindi pa naisusulat)">ay tumangging sumagot</a>. Sa pagsisiyasat ng patuloy na nagbabagong mga bahaging pisikal at pang-isipan (mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skandha (hindi pa naisusulat)">skandha</a>) ng isang tao o isang bagay, ang nagsasanay ay dumarating sa konklusyong hindi ang mga respektibong bahagi o hindi ang tao bilang isang buo ay bumubuo sa sarili. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nakasalalay_na_paglitaw">Nakasalalay na paglitaw</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Nakasalalay na paglitaw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Nakasalalay na paglitaw"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratītyasamutpāda (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pratītyasamutpāda</a></div> <p>Ang doktrina ng pratītyasamutpāda (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan: rten.cing.'brel.bar.'byung.ba; Tsino: 緣起) ay isang mahalagang bahagi ng metapisikang Budista. Ito ay nagsasaad na ang phenomena ay sama-samang lumilitaw sa isang parehong magkakaugnay na sapot ng sanhi at epekto. Ito ay iba ibang isinalin sa Ingles bilang "nakasalalay na pagmumula", "konondisyong henesis," "nakasalalay na kapwa-paglitaw," "magkakaugnay na paglitaw," o "kontinhensiya." Ang pinakamahusay na kilalang aplikasyon ng konsepto ng pratītyasamutpāda ang skema ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Labindalawang_Nid%C4%81nas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labindalawang Nidānas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Labindalawang Nidānas</a> (mula sa Pāli na "nidāna" na nangangahulugang "sanhi, pundasyon, pinagmulan") na nagpapaliwanag ng pagpapatuloy ng siklo ng pagdurusa at muling kapanganakan (saṃsāra) sa detalye.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Labindalawang_Nid%C4%81nas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labindalawang Nidānas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Labindalawang Nidānas</a></div> <p>Ang mga Labindalawang Nidānas ay naglalarawan ng isang nagsasanhing ugnayan sa pagitan ng mga kalaunang katangian o kondisyon ng siklikong pag-iral na ang bawat isa ay nagpapalitaw sa susunod: </p> <ol><li>Avidyā: kamangmangan na spesipikong kamangmangang espiritwal ng kalikasan ng realidad;<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Saṃskāras: literal na mga pagkakabuo na ipinapaliwanag na tumutukoy sa <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">karma</a>;</li> <li>Vijñāna: kamalayan na spesipikong nagtatangi;<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nāmarūpa: literal na pangalan at anyo na tumutukoy sa isipan at katawan ;<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ṣaḍāyatana: ang mga baseng anim na pandama: mata, tenga, dila, katawan at isipan-organo;</li> <li>Sparśa: iba ibang isinalin na ugnayan, impresyon, stimulasyon (ng isang pandamang bagay);</li> <li>Vedanā: karaniwang isinasaling pakiramdam; ito ang tonong <a href="/wiki/Hedonismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedonismo">hedoniko</a>, i.e. kahit ang isang bagay ay kanais nais, hindi kanais naisa o neutral;</li> <li>Tṛṣṇā: literal na uhaw ngunit sa Budismo ay halos palaging ginagamit upang pakahulugang pagnanasa o pananabik;</li> <li>Upādāna: pagkapit; ang salitang ito ay nangangahulugan ring panggatong na nagpapakain sa patuloy na siklo ng muling kapanganakan;</li> <li>Bhava: literal na pagiging (pag-iral) o nagiging. Ang Theravada ay nagpapaliwanag nito bilang may dalawang mga kahulugan: karma na lumilikha ng isang bagong pag-iral at mismong pag-iral.;<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jāti: literal na kapanganakan, ngunit ang buhay ay nauunawaan bilang nagsisimula sa paglilihi;<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jarāmaraṇa: (matandang edad at kamatayan) at śokaparidevaduḥkhadaurmanasyopāyāsa rin (kapighatian, panaghoy, kirot, kalungkutan at kahirapan).</li></ol> <p>Ang mga may kamalayang nilalang ay palaging nagdurusa sa buong saṃsāra hanggang sa mapalaya nila ang kanilang mga sarili mula sa pagdurusang ito sa pamamagitan ng pagkakamit ng <a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a>. Kung gayon ang kawalan ng unang Nidāna o kamangmangan ay humantong sa kawalang ng iba pa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kawalang_laman">Kawalang laman</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kawalang laman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Kawalang laman"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śūnyatā (hindi pa naisusulat)">Śūnyatā</a></div> <p>Ang Budismong <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana">Mahāyāna</a> ay tumanggap ng isang malaking saligang teoretikal mula kay <a href="/wiki/Nagarjuna" title="Nagarjuna">Nagarjuna</a> (marahil c. 150–250 CE) na mapangatwiranang ang pinakamaimpluwensiya <i>(most influential)</i> na skolar sa loob ng tradisyong Mahāyāna. Ang pangunahing ambag ni Nagarjuna sa <a href="/wiki/Pilosopiyang_Budista" title="Pilosopiyang Budista">pilosopiyang Budista</a> ang sistemang pagpapaliwanag ng konsepto ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śūnyatā (hindi pa naisusulat)">śūnyatā</a> o "kawalang laman" na malawakang pinatutunayan sa mga sutra na <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praj%C3%B1%C4%81p%C4%81ramit%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prajñāpāramitā (hindi pa naisusulat)">Prajñāpāramitā</a></i> na lumitaw sa kanyang kapanahunan. Ang konsepto ng kawalang laman ay nagsasama ng ibang mga mahahalagang doktrinang Budista partikular na ang anatta at pratītyasamutpāda (nakasalalay na pagmumula) upang pabulaan ang metapisika ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarvastivada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarvastivada (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sarvastivada</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sautrantika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sautrantika (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sautrantika</a> (mga hindi na umiiral na eskuwelang hindi Mahāyāna). Para kay Nagarjuna, hindi lamang ang mga may kamalayang nilalang ang walang laman sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atman_(Budismo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atman (Budismo) (hindi pa naisusulat)">ātman</a>. Ang lahat ng mga (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dharma_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dharma (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">dharmas</a>) ay walang anumang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Svabhava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svabhava (hindi pa naisusulat)">svabhava</a> (literal na "sariling kalikasan" o "sarili-kalikasan") at kaya ay walang pundamental na esensiya. Ang mga ito ay walang laman ng pagigign hindi nakasalalay. Kaya ang mga teoriyang heterodokso ng svabhava na kumakalat sa panahong ito ay pinabulaanan sa basehan ng mga doktrina ng maagang Budismo. Ang eskwela ng pag-iisip ni Nagarjuna ay kilala bilang <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81dhyamaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mādhyamaka (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mādhyamaka</a>. Ang ilang mga kasulatang itinuro kay Nagarjuna ay hayagang nagreperensiya sa mga tekstong Mahayana ngunit ang kanyang pilosopiya ay ikinatwiran sa loob ng mga parametrong inilatag ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80gama_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Āgama (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">agamas</a>. Maaring dumating siya sa kanyang mga posisyon mula sa pagnanais na makamit ang isang magkakaayon na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksehesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksehesis (hindi pa naisusulat)">eksehesis</a> ng doktrina ni Buddha gaya ng itinala sa Kanon ng Budismo. Sa mga mata ni Nagarjuna, si Buddha ay hindi lamang ang ninuno ngunit ang pinakanagtatag ng sistemang Mādhyamaka.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang mga katuruang Sarvastivada na binatikos ni Nāgārjuna ay muling pinormula ng mga skolar gaya nina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasubandhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasubandhu (hindi pa naisusulat)">Vasubandhu</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asanga (hindi pa naisusulat)">Asanga</a> at inangkop sa eskuwelang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogacara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yogacara (hindi pa naisusulat)">Yogacara</a> (Sanskrit: kasanayang yoga. Bagaman ang eskuwelang Mādhyamaka ay naniwalang ang paghahayag ng pag-iral o hindi pag-iral ng anumang huling tunay na bagay ay hindi angkop, ang ilang mga tagapagtaguyod ng Yogacara ay naghayag na ang isipan at tanging ang isipan ang huling tunay (na isang doktrinang kilala bilang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cittamatra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cittamatra (hindi pa naisusulat)">cittamatra</a>). Hindi lahat ng mga Yogacarin ay naghayag na ang isipan ay tunay na umiiral gaya nina Vasubandhu at Asanga .<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang dalawang paaralang ito ng pag-iisip, sa oposisyon o pagbubuo, ay bumubuo ng batayan ng kasunod na metapisikang Mahāyāna sa tradisyong Indo-Tibetan. </p><p>Bukod sa kawalang laman, ang mga eskuwelang Mahāyāna ay kadalasang nagbibigay diin sa mga ideyang sinakdal na kabatirang espiritwal (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Praj%C3%B1%C4%81p%C4%81ramit%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prajñāpāramitā (hindi pa naisusulat)">prajñāpāramitā</a>) at kalikasang Buddha (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tath%C4%81gatagarbha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tathāgatagarbha (hindi pa naisusulat)">tathāgatagarbha</a>). May mga magkakasalungat na interpretasyon ng <i>tathāgatagarbha</i> sa pananaw na Mahāyāna. Ang ideya ay maaaring bakasin mula kay <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhidharma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abhidharma (hindi pa naisusulat)">Abhidharma</a></i> at sa huli sa mga pahayag ni Buddha sa <i>Nikāyas</i>. Sa Budismong Tibetan, ayon sa eskuwelang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sakya</a>, ang tathāgatagarbha ang pagiging hindi mawawalay ng kalinawan at kawalang laman ng isipan ng isa. Sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyingma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyingma (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nyingma</a>, ang tathāgatagarbha ay pangkalahatang tumutukoy rin sa pagiging hindi mawawalay ng kalinawan at kawalang laman ng isipan ng isa. Ayon sa eskuwelang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelug&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gelug (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gelug</a>, ito ang potensiyal para sa mga may kamalayang nilalang na magising dahil sila ay walang laman (i.e. nakasalalay na nagmula). Ayon sa eskuwelang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonang (hindi pa naisusulat)">Jonang</a>, ito ay tumutukoy sa likas na mga kalidad ng isipan na naghahayag ng kanilang mga sarili bilang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omnisiyensiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omnisiyensiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">omnisiyensiya</a> atbp. kapag ang panlabas na na mga pagkukubli ay naalis. Ang "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tath%C4%81gatagarbha_Sutras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tathāgatagarbha Sutras (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tathāgatagarbha Sutras</a>" ay isang kalipunan ng mga sutra na Mahayana na nagtatanghal ng isang walang katulad na modelo ng kalikasang-Buddha. Bagaman ang kalipunang ito ay pangkalahatang hindi pinapansin sa India,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang Budismong Silangang Asya ay nagbibigay ng ilang kahalagahan sa mga tekstong ito. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kalayaan">Kalayaan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kalayaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Kalayaan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nirvana">Nirvana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Nirvana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Nirvana"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Mahabodhitemple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mahabodhitemple.jpg/170px-Mahabodhitemple.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mahabodhitemple.jpg/255px-Mahabodhitemple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mahabodhitemple.jpg/340px-Mahabodhitemple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahabodhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahabodhi (hindi pa naisusulat)">Templong Mahabodhi</a> sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhgaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bodhgaya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bodhgaya</a>, India, kung saan nakamit ni <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirvana_(konsepto)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nirvana (konsepto) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nirvana</a> sa ilalim ng <a href="/wiki/Punong_Bodhi" title="Punong Bodhi">Punong Bodhi</a> (kaliwa).</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirvana_(konsepto)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nirvana (konsepto) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nirvana (konsepto)</a></div> <p>Ang <a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvāṇa</a> (Sanskrit; Pali: "Nibbāna") ay nangangahulugang "pagtigil," "ekstingksiyon" (ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanha (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagnanasa</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avijja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avijja (hindi pa naisusulat)">kamangmangan</a> at kaya ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dukkha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dukkha (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagdurusa</a> at ang siklo ng hindi boluntaryong mga muling kapanganakan (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saṃsāra (hindi pa naisusulat)">saṃsāra</a>) ay "napawi," "napatahimik," "napahinahon." Ito ay kilala rin bilang "Paggising" o "Kaliwanagan" sa Kanluranin. Ang termino para sa kaninuman na nagkamit ng <i>nirvana</i> kabilang si Buddha ay <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arahant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arahant (hindi pa naisusulat)">arahant</a></i>. </p><p>Ang <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bodhi (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bodhi</a></i> (Pali at Sanskrit, sa <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">devanagari</a>: बोधि) ay isang terminong nilalapat sa karanasan ng mga Pagliliwanag ng mga arahant. Ang <i>Bodhi</i> ay literal na nangangahulugang "paggising" ngunit karaniwang isinasalin sa Ingles bilang "kaliwanagan". Sa "Maagang Budismo", ang bodhi ay may kahulugang kasing kahulugan ng nirvāṇa gamit lamang ang ilang mga iba ibang metapora upang ilarawan ang karanasan na nagpapahiwatig ng pagpawi ng <i>raga</i>(kasakiman, pagnanasa o pananabik),<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>dosa</i> (poot, pag-ayaw)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <i>moha</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Delusyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delusyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">delusyon</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa mga kalaunang eskuwela ng Budismong <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana">Mahāyāna</a>, ang katayuan ng <i>nirvāṇa</i> ay ibinaba sa ilang mga kasulatan na naging tumutukoy lamang sa pagpawi ng kasakiman at poot na nagpapahiwatig na ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Delusyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delusyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">delusyon</a> ay umiiral pa rin sa isa na nagkamit ng nirvana at ang isang ito ay nangangailangang makamit ang <i>bodhi</i> upang malipol ang delusyon. Kaya ayon sa Budismong Mahāyāna, ang <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arahant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arahant (hindi pa naisusulat)">arahant</a></i> ay nagkamit lamang ng <i>nirvāṇa</i> at kaya ay nasa ilalim pa rin ng delusyon samantalang ang <i><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">bodhisattva</a></i> ay hindi lamang nagkakamit ng <i>nirvāṇa</i> kundi pati ang buong kalayaan mula sa delusyon. Kaya kanyang nakakamit ang <i>bodhi</i> at nagiging <i>buddha</i>. Sa Budismong <a href="/wiki/Theravada" class="mw-redirect" title="Theravada">Theravāda</a>, ang <i>bodhi</i> at <i>nirvāṇa</i> ay may parehong kahulugan sa mga sinaunang teksto na pagiging malaya mula sa kasakiman, poot at delusyon. Ang terminong <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parinirv%C4%81%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parinirvāṇa (hindi pa naisusulat)">parinirvāṇa</a></i> (Sanskrit; Pali: <i>parinibbāna</i>) ay naeengkuwentro rin sa Budismo, at ito ay pangkalahatang tumutukoy sa kompletong <i>Nirvāṇa</i> na nakamit ng <i>arahant</i> sa sandali ng kanyang kamatayan kapag ang pisikang katawan ay namatay. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mga_Buddha">Mga Buddha</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga Buddha" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Mga Buddha"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Pagiging_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagiging Buddha">Pagiging Buddha</a></div> <p>Ayon sa mga tradisyong Budista, ang isang Buddha ay isang buong nagising na nilalang na kumpletong nadalisay sa kanyang isipan ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatlong_lason_(Budismo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatlong lason (Budismo) (hindi pa naisusulat)">tatlong lason</a> ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ta%3Fha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ta?ha (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagnanasa</a>, pag-ayaw at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avidya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avidya (hindi pa naisusulat)">kamangmangan</a>. Ang isang Buddha ay hindi na nakatali sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samsara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samsara (hindi pa naisusulat)">Samsara</a> at nagwakas ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dukkha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dukkha (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagdurusa</a> na nararanasan sa buhay ng mga hindi nagising na tao. Hindi itinuturing ng mga Budista si <a href="/wiki/Siddhartha_Gautama" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddhartha Gautama">Siddhartha Gautama</a> na ang tanging Buddha. Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pali Canon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pali Canon</a> ay tumutukoy sa mga nakaraang isa (tingnan ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talaan_ng_28_mga_Buddha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talaan ng 28 mga Buddha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Talaan ng 28 mga Buddha</a>) samantalang ang tradisyong Mahayana ay karagdagang may maraming mga Buddha sa pangkalawakan sa halip na historikal na pinagmulan (tingnan ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amitabha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amitabha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Amitabha</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vairocana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vairocana (hindi pa naisusulat)">Vairocana</a> bilang mga halimbawa, para sa mga talaan ng maraming mga libong pangalang Buddha, tingnan ang <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taisho_Shinshu_Daizokyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taisho Shinshu Daizokyo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Taisho Shinshu Daizokyo</a></i> mga bilang 439–448). Ang isang karaniwang paniniwalang Budistang Theravāda at Mahāyāna ay ang susunod na Buddha ang isa na pinangalanang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maitreya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maitreya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Maitreya</a> (Pali: Metteyya). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ayon_sa_Theravāda"><span id="Ayon_sa_Therav.C4.81da"></span>Ayon sa Theravāda</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ayon sa Theravāda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Ayon sa Theravāda"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sa doktrinang Theravāda, ang isang tao ay maaaring magising mula sa "pagtulog ng kamangmangana" sa pamamagitan ng direktang pagtanton ng tunay na kalikasan ng realidad. Ang gayong mga tao ay tinatawag na mga <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arahant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arahant (hindi pa naisusulat)">arahant</a></i> at minsang tinatawag na <i>mga buddha.</i> Pagkatapos ng maraming pang-buhay na pagsisikap na espiritwal, kanilang naabot ang wakas ng siklo ng muling kapanganakan at hindi na nagrereinkarnasyon bilang tao, hayop, multo o ibang nilalang. Ang mga komentaryo ng Kanon na Pali ay nag-uuri ng mga nagising na nilalang na ito sa mga tatlong uri: </p> <ul><li>Ang <i><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhahood">Sammasambuddha</a></i> na karaniwang tinatawag lamang Buddha na tumutuklas ng katotohanan sa kanyang sarili at nagtuturo ng landas ng paggising sa mga iba pa.</li> <li>Ang <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratyekabuddha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratyekabuddha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Paccekabuddha</a></i> na tumutuklas ng katotohanan sa kanyang sarili ngunit walang kasanayan na magturo ng mga iba pa.</li> <li>Ang <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savakabuddha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savakabuddha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Savakabuddha</a></i> na tumatanggap ng katotohanan nang direkta o hindi direkta mula sa isang Sammasambuddha</li></ul> <p>Ang <i>Bodhi</i> at <i>Nirvāṇa</i> ay may parehong kahulugan na ng pagiging malaya mula sa pagnanasa, poot at delusyon. Sa pagkakamit ng bodhi, ang <i>arahant</i> ay nanaig sa mga balakid na ito. Bilang karagdagang pagtatangi, ang pagpawi lamang ng poot at kasakiman sa kontekstong pandama na may ilang nalalabi ng delusyon ay tinatawag na <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anagami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anagami (hindi pa naisusulat)">anagami</a>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ayon_sa_Mahāyāna"><span id="Ayon_sa_Mah.C4.81y.C4.81na"></span>Ayon sa Mahāyāna</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ayon sa Mahāyāna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Ayon sa Mahāyāna"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Kamakura-buddha-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Kamakura-buddha-2.jpg/160px-Kamakura-buddha-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Kamakura-buddha-2.jpg/240px-Kamakura-buddha-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Kamakura-buddha-2.jpg/320px-Kamakura-buddha-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2680" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Ang Dakilang Estatwa ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amitabha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amitabha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Buddha Amitabha</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Kamakura" title="Kamakura">Kamakura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon">Hapon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Sa Budismong <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana">Mahāyāna</a>, ang Buddha ay hindi nakikita bilang isa lamang tao kundi isang proheksiyong pangmundo ng walang pasimula at walang wakas na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omnipresente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omnipresente (hindi pa naisusulat)">omnipresenteng</a> nilalang (tignan ang<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dharmakaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dharmakaya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dharmakaya</a></i>) na lagpas sa saklaw at pagkaabot ng pag-iisip. Sa karagdagan. sa mga sutra na Mahāyāna, ang Budha, Dharma at Sangha ay likas na nakikitang Isa: ang lahat ng tatlogn ito ay nakikita bilang ang mismong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walang_hanggang_Buddha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walang hanggang Buddha (hindi pa naisusulat)">walang hanggang Buddha</a>. </p><p>Ang kamatayan ni Buddha ay nakikita bilang isang ilusyon. Siya ay nabubuhay sa ibang mga plano ng pag-iral at kaya ang mga monghe ay pinapayagang mag-alok ng "mga bagong katotohanan" batay sa kanyang input. Ang Mahāyāna ay iba rin mula sa Theravāda sa mga konsepto nito ng <a href="/wiki/Sunyata" title="Sunyata">sunyata</a> (na sa huli walang bagay ang may pag-iral) at sa paniniwala nito ng mga <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">bodhisattva</a> (na mga naliwanagang tao na nangao na muling ipapanganak hanggang sa ang lahat ng mga nilalang ay maliwanagan).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang mga pangkalawakang Buddha ang mga indbidwal na hindi na umiiral sa materyal na plano ng pag-iral ngunit tumutulong pa rin sa kaliwanagan ng mga nilalang. </p><p>Ang Nirvana ay tumutukoy lamang sa pagpawi ng kasakiman at poot na nagpapahiwatig na ang delusyon ay umiiral pa rin sa nagkamit ng Nirvāṇa. Ang Bodhi ay naging mas mataas na pagkakamit na lumilipol ng buong delusyon.<sup id="cite_ref-Gombrich_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gombrich-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaya ang <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arahant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arahant (hindi pa naisusulat)">Arahant</a></i> ay nagkakamit ng Nirvāṇa ngunit hindi ng Bodhi at kaya ay napapailalim pa rin sa delusyon samantalang ang <a href="/wiki/Pagiging_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagiging Buddha">Buddha</a> ay nagkakamit ng Bodhi. </p><p>Ang pamamaraan ng paglalapat ng sarili o kapangyarihang-sarili ng hindi umaasa sa panlabas na pwersa o nilalang ay salungat sa isa pang pangunahing anyo ng Budismo na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismong_Dalisay_na_Lupain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budismong Dalisay na Lupain (hindi pa naisusulat)">Budismong Dalisay na Lupain</a> na nilalarawan ng pinasukdulang pagtitiwala sa nakapagliligtas na "ibang kapangyarihan" ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amitabha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amitabha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Amitabha</a> Buddha. Ang Budismong Dalisay na Lupain ay nakasentro sa kombiksiyon na ang pananampalataya sa Amitabha Buddha at pag-awit ng paggalang sa kanyang pangalan ay nagpapalaya sa isa sa kamatayan tungo sa Lubos na Kagalakan, Dalisay na Lupain ni Amitabha Buddha. Ang sakop na ito ay iba ibang pinapakahulugan bilang isang paunang paglasap ng Nirvāṇa o mismong ang Nirvāṇa. Ang dakilang panata ni Amitabha Buddha na iligtas ang lahat ng nilalang mula sa pagdurusang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samsara_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samsara (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">samsariko</a> ay nakikita sa loob ng Budismong Dalisay na Lupain bilang pangkalahatang epektibo kung ang isa ay may pananampalataya lamang sa kapangyarihan ng panatang ito o umaawit sa kanyang pangalan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mga_kapanahunang_Buddha">Mga kapanahunang Buddha</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga kapanahunang Buddha" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Mga kapanahunang Buddha"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang mga Budista ay naniniwalang si <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> ang unang nagkamit ng kaliwanagan sa kapanahunang Buddhang ito at kaya ay kinikilang tagapagtatag ng Budismo. Ang isang kapanahunang Buddha ang saklaw ng kasaysayan kung saan naaalala at sinasanay ng mga tao ang mga katuruan ng pinakamaagang alam na Buddha. Ang kapanuhanang Buddhang ito ay magwawakas kapag ang lahat ng kaalaman, ebidensiya at mga katuruan ni Gautama Buddha ay naglaho. Kaya ang paniniwalang ito ay nagsaaad na maraming mga kapanahunang Buddha ang nagsimula at nagwakas sa buong kurso ng pag-iral ng tao. Kung gayon, si Gautama Buddha ang Buddha ng kapanahunang ito na direkta o hindi direktang nagturo sa lahat ng ibang mga Buddha dito. Sa karagdagan, ang mga Budistang Mahayana ay naniniwalang mayroong hindi mabibilang na ibang mga Buddha sa ibang mga uniberso. Ang isang komentaryong Theravada ay nagsasabi na ang mga Buddha ay lumilitaw ng isa isa sa elementong mundong ito at hindi sa mga iba. Ang mga pagkaunawa ng bagay na ito ay sumasalamin sa malawak na iba ibang mga interpretasyon ng mga basikong temrino gaya ng "sakop na daigdig" sa pagitan ng iba't ibang mga eskwela ng Budismo. Ang ideya ng pagbagsak at unti unting paglaho ng katuruan ay naging maimpluwensiya <i>(influential)</i> sa Budismong <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Asya" title="Silangang Asya">Silangang Asya</a>. Ang Budismong Dalisay na Lupain ay naniniwala na ito ay bumagsak sa puntong ang ilan ang may kakayahang sumunod sa landa kaya mahusay na umasa sa kapangyarihan ng Amitabha Buddha. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mga_Bodhisattva">Mga Bodhisattva</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga Bodhisattva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Mga Bodhisattva"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a> ay nangangahulugang "nilalang ng kaliwanagan" at pangkalahatang tumutukoy sa isa na nasa landas ng <a href="/wiki/Pagka-Buddha" title="Pagka-Buddha">pagka-Buddha</a>. Sa tradisyon, ang isang bodhisattva ay sinuman na inuudyokan ng malaking kahabagan ay lumikha ng bodhicitta na isang kusang loob na kahilingan na makamit ang pagka-buddha para sa kapakinabangan ng lahat ng mga may kamalayang nilalang. Pangunahing ginagamit ng Budismong Theravada ang terminong ito nang maykaugnayan sa mga nakaraang pag-iral ni Gautama Buddha ngunit tradisyonal na kumikilala at gumagalang rin sa landas na bodhisattva. Ayon kay Jan Nattier, ang terminong erm Mahāyāna ("Dakilang sasakyan") ay orihinal na honoraryong kasingkahulugan para sa Bodhisattvayāna, "Sasakyang Bodhisattva." Ang Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, na isang maaga at mahalagang tekstong Mahayana ay naglalaman ng isang simple at maikling kahulugan ng terminong bodhisattva: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2106284">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Dahil siya ay may kaliwanagan bilang kanyang layunin, ang isang bodhisattva-mahāsattva ay tinatawag na gayon.</p></blockquote> <p>Hinihikayat ng Budismong Mahayana ang bawat isa na maging mga bodhisattva at kunin ang mga pantang bodhisattva. Sa mga panatang ito, ang isa ay gumagawa ng pangako na gagawa para sa kumpletong kaliwanagan ng lahat ng mga nilalang sa pamamagitan ng pagsasanay ng mga anim na kasakdalan (Skt. pāramitā). Ayon sa mga katuruang Mahāyāna, ang mga kasakdalan o perpeksiyong ito ang: pagbibigay, disiplina, pagtitiis, pagsisikap, pagninilay-nilay at transendenteng karunungan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasanayan">Kasanayan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kasanayan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Kasanayan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Debosyon">Debosyon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Debosyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Debosyon"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Debosyong_Budista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Debosyong Budista (hindi pa naisusulat)">Debosyong Budista</a></div> <p>Ang <a href="/wiki/Debosyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Debosyon">debosyon</a> ay isang mahalagang bahagi ng pagsasanay para sa karamihan ng mga Budista.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga kasanyang debosyonal ay kinabibilangan ng pagyuko, mga paghahandog, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimahe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pilgrimahe (hindi pa naisusulat)">pilgrimahe</a> at pag-awit. Sa Budismong Dalisay na Lupain, ang debosyon kay sa Buddha Amitabha ang pangunahing kasanayan. Sa Budismong Nichiren, ang debosyon sa Lotus Sutra ang pangunahing kasanayan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Yoga">Yoga</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Yoga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Yoga"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Buddha_in_Haw_Phra_Kaew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Buddha_in_Haw_Phra_Kaew.jpg/170px-Buddha_in_Haw_Phra_Kaew.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Buddha_in_Haw_Phra_Kaew.jpg/255px-Buddha_in_Haw_Phra_Kaew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Buddha_in_Haw_Phra_Kaew.jpg/340px-Buddha_in_Haw_Phra_Kaew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Estatwa ng Buddha sa posisyong pagninilay-nilay, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haw_Phra_Kaew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haw Phra Kaew (hindi pa naisusulat)">Haw Phra Kaew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vientiane" class="mw-redirect" title="Vientiane">Vientiane</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhism_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhism in Laos (hindi pa naisusulat)">Laos</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ang Budismo ay tradisyonal na nagsasama ng mga estado ng pagsipsip na pagninilay-nilay; Skt: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhy%C4%81na_in_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhyāna in Buddhism (hindi pa naisusulat)">dhyāna</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Heisig_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heisig-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang karamihan ng sinaunang pinagpatuloy na ekspresyon ng mga ideyang yogiko ay matatagpuan sa mga maagang sermon ni Buddha.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang isang mahalagang makabagong katuruan ni Buddha ay ang pagsipsip na pagninilay-nilay ay dapat isama sa nagpapalayang kognisyon.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga estadong pagninilay-nilay ay hindi lamang ang wakas sapagkat ayon kay Buddha, kahit ang mga pinakamataas na estadong pagninilay-nilay ay hindi nakakapagpalaya. Sa halip na pagkakamit ng isang kumpletong pagtigil ng isipan, ang isang uri ng gawaing pang-isipan ay dapat mangyari: isang nakakapagpalayang kognisyon sa kasanayan ng mapagmatyag na kamalayan.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagnilay-nilay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagnilay-nilay (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagnilay-nilay</a> ay isang aspeto ng kasanayan ng mga <a href="/wiki/Yogi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogi">yogi</a> sa loob ng mga <a href="/wiki/Siglo" class="mw-redirect" title="Siglo">siglo</a> na nauna kay Buddha. Si Buddha ay sumalig sa pagkabahala ng mga yogi sa introspeksiyon at nagpaunlad ng kanilang mga pamamaraang pagnilay-nilay ngunit nagtakwil ng kanilang mga teoriya ng kalayaan.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa Budismo, ang kamatyagan at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sampajanna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sampajanna (hindi pa naisusulat)">malinaw na kamalayan</a> at dapat paunlarin sa lahat ng mga pagkakataon. Sa mga kasanayang yogiko bagao ang Budismo, walang gayong kautusan .Halimbawa, ang yogi sa tradisyong <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahmanikal</a> ay hindi magsanay habang dumudumi samantalang ang monastikong Budista ay dapat gawin ito.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang kaalamang panrelihiyon o "pangitain" ay ipinakitang resulta ng kasanayan sa parehong loob at labas ng kawan. Ayon sa <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sama%C3%B1%C3%B1aphala_Sutta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samaññaphala Sutta (hindi pa naisusulat)">Samaññaphala Sutta</a></i>, ito ay lumilitaw para sa may kasanayang Budista bilang resulta ng kasakdalang ng pagnilay-nilay na sinamahan ng kasakdalan ng displina (Pali <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%ABla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sīla (hindi pa naisusulat)">sīla</a></i>; Skt. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A%C4%ABla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śīla (hindi pa naisusulat)">śīla</a></i>). Ang ilan sa mga pamamaraang pagninilay-nilay ni Buddha ay pinagsasaluhan sa ibang mga tradisyon ng kanyang panahon ngunit ang ideya na ang etika ay kaswal na nauugnay sa pagkakamit ng transendenteng karunungan (Pali <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pa%C3%B1%C3%B1%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paññā (hindi pa naisusulat)">paññā</a></i>; Skt. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praj%C3%B1%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prajñā (hindi pa naisusulat)">prajñā</a></i>) ay orihinal.<sup id="cite_ref-westernbuddhistreview.com_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-westernbuddhistreview.com-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang mga tekstong Budista ang malamang na pinakamaagang naglalarawan ng mga pamamaraang pagnilay-nilay.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga ito ay naglalarawan ng mga kasanayang pagnilay-nilay at mga estado na umiral bago kay Buddha gayundin ang mga unang nabuo sa loob ng Budismo.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang dalawang mga <a href="/wiki/Upanishad" title="Upanishad">Upanishad</a> na isinulat pagkatapos ng paglitaw ng Budismo ay naglalaman ng buong mga paglalarawan ng <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a> bilang isang paraan ng kalayaan.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pagkanlong_sa_mga_Tatlong_Hiyas">Pagkanlong sa mga Tatlong Hiyas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagkanlong sa mga Tatlong Hiyas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Pagkanlong sa mga Tatlong Hiyas"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Buddha-Footprint.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Buddha-Footprint.jpeg/170px-Buddha-Footprint.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Buddha-Footprint.jpeg/255px-Buddha-Footprint.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Buddha-Footprint.jpeg/340px-Buddha-Footprint.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reliko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reliko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Relikong</a> nagpapakita ng bakas ng paa ni <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a> na may <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dharmachakra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dharmachakra (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dharmachakra</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tatlong_Hiyas" title="Tatlong Hiyas">triratna</a>, unang siglo CE, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gandhara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gandhara (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gandhāra</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sa tradisyon, ang unang hakbang sa karamihan ng mga eskwelang Budista ay nag-aatas ng pagkakanlong sa <a href="/wiki/Tatlong_Hiyas" title="Tatlong Hiyas">Tatlong Hiyas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: <i>tri-ratna</i>, <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli">Pāli</a>: <i>ti-ratana</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bilang saligan ng kasanyang panrelihiyon ng isang tao Ang kasanayan ng pagkakanlong sa ngalan ng isang bata o kahit sa hindi pa naipapanganak na bata ay binanggit <sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sa <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majjhima_Nikaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majjhima Nikaya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Majjhima Nikaya</a></i> na kinikilala ng karamihan ng mga skolar na isang maagang teksto (ihambing sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bautismo_ng_sanggol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bautismo ng sanggol (hindi pa naisusulat)">bautismo ng sanggol</a>). Ang Budismong Tibetano ay minsang nagdaragdag ng isang ikaapot na kanlungan, sa <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lama (hindi pa naisusulat)">lama</a></i>. Sa Mahayana, ang taong pumipili sa landas na <i><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">bodhisattva</a></i> ay gumagawa ng isang panata na itinuturing na huling paghahayag ng kahabagan. Sa Mahayana, ang <a href="/wiki/Tatlong_Hiyas" title="Tatlong Hiyas">Tatlong Hiyas</a> ay natatanto bilang sinasapian ng walang hanggan at hindi nagbabagong esensiya at bilang mayroong hindi mababaliktad na epekto.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang mga Tatlong Hiyas ang: </p> <ul><li>Ang <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>. Ito ang pamagat para sa mga nagkamit ng <a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a>. Ang Buddha ay maaari ring makatawan bilang isang konsepto sa halip na isang spesipikong tao: ang sakdal na karunungan na nakakaunawa sa <i>Dharma</i> at nakakakita ng realidad sa tunay nitong anyo. Sa Budismong Mahayana, ang Buddha ay maaaring makita bilang isang supremang Kanlungan: "Ang Buddha ang walang katulad na Absolutong Kanlungan. Ang Buddha ang hindi Nasisira, Walang Hanggang, Hindi Mawawasak at Absolutong Kanlungan."<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ang <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dharma_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dharma (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dharma</a></i>. Ang mga katuruan o batas ng kalikasan na ipinaliwanag ni Gautama Buddha. Ito ay maaari ring magpahiwatig lalo na sa Mahayana ng huli at nagpapatuloy na Realidad na hindi mawawalay mula kay Buddha. Sa karagdagan, para sa ilang mga perspektibong Mahayana, ang Dharma na kinatawan sa anyo ng isang dakilang sutra (kasulatang Budhiko) ay maaaring pumalit sa pangangailangan ng personal na guro at maaaring isang direkta at kusang loob na pasukan tungo sa Katotohanan (Dharma). Ito ay sinasabing ang kaso sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Sutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotus Sutra (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lotus Sutra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Ang <i><a href="/wiki/Sangha" title="Sangha">Sangha</a></i>. Ang mga nagkamit ng anuman sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_apat_na_yugto_ng_kaliwanagan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga apat na yugto ng kaliwanagan (hindi pa naisusulat)">mga apat na yugto ng kaliwanagan</a> o kongregasyon ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monastisismong_Budista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monastisismong Budista (hindi pa naisusulat)">nagsasanay na monastiko</a>.</li></ul> <p>Ayon sa mga kasulatang Budista, itinanghal ni Gautama Buddha ang kanyang mismong sarili bilang isang modelo. Ang Dharma ay nag-aalok ng isang kanlungan sa pamamagitan ng pagbibigay ng mga gabay para sa pagpapaginhawa ng pagdurusa at pagkakamit ng Nirvana. Ang Sangha ay itinuturing na nagbibigay ng isang kanlungan sa pamamagitan ng pag-iingat ng mga tunay na katuran ni Buddha at pagbibigay ng mga karagdagang halimbawa na ang katotohanan sa mga katuruan ni Buddha ay makakamit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etikang_Budista">Etikang Budista</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Etikang Budista" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Etikang Budista"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A%C4%ABla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śīla (hindi pa naisusulat)">Śīla</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:StandingBuddha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/StandingBuddha.jpg/170px-StandingBuddha.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/StandingBuddha.jpg/255px-StandingBuddha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/StandingBuddha.jpg/340px-StandingBuddha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="749" /></a><figcaption>Estatwa ni <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a>, unang siglo CE, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gandhara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gandhara (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gandhara</a>. (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guimet_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guimet Museum (hindi pa naisusulat)">Musée Guimet</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A%C4%ABla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śīla (hindi pa naisusulat)">Śīla</a></i> (Sanskrit) o <i>sīla</i> (Pāli) ay karaniwang isinasalin sa Ingles bilang "birtuosong pag-aasal," "moralidad," "etika," o "patakaran." Ito ay isang kilos na ginagawa sa pamamagitan ng katawan, pananalita, o isipan, at kinasasangkutan ng isang intensiyonal na pagsisikap. Ito ang isa sa <i>mga tatlong kasanayan</i> (<i>śīla</i>, <i>samadhi</i>, at <i>panya</i>) at ang ikalawang <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramita (hindi pa naisusulat)">pāramitā</a></i>. Ito ay tumutukoy sa isang kadalisayang moral ng pag-iisip, pananalita at gawa. Ang mga apat na kondisyon ng <i>śīla</i> ang kalinisan, kahinahunan, tahimik at pagpapawi. </p><p>Ang <i>Śīla</i> ang saligan ng <i>Samadhi/Bhāvana</i> (kultibasyong pagninilay-nilay) o kultibasyon ng isipan. Ang pagsunod sa mga patakaran ay nagtataguyod ng hindi lamang kapayapaan ng kaisipan ng nagpapalago na panloob kundi pati kapayapaan sa pamayanan na panlabas. Ayon sa Batas ng Karma, ang pagsunod sa mga patakaran ay kapuri puri at umaasal bilang mga sanhi na magdudulot ng kapayapaan at mga epektong maligaya. Ang pagsunod sa mga kautusang ito ay pumipigil sa nagpapalago mula sa muling kapanganakan sa mga apat na kaaba-abang mga sakop ng pag-iral. </p><p>Ang <i>Śīla</i> ay tumutukoy sa kabuuang mga prinsipyo ng pag-aasal na etikal. May ilang mga antas ng <i>Śīla</i> na tumutugon sa basikong moralidad (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Limang_mga_patakaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limang mga patakaran (hindi pa naisusulat)">limang mga patakaran</a>), "basikong moralidad na may asetisismo (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Walong_mga_patakaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walong mga patakaran (hindi pa naisusulat)">walong mga patakaran</a>), baguhang pagkamonghe (sampung mga patakaran]]) at pagkamonghe (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vinaya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Vinaya</a></i> o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patimokkha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patimokkha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Patimokkha</a></i>). Ang mga taong lay ay pangkalahatang nagtatala sa mga sarili nito na mamuhay ayon sa limang mga patakaran na karaniwan sa lahat ng mga eskwelang Budista. Kung kanilang naisin, maaari nilang piliing isagawa ang walong mga patakaran na nagdadagdag ng basikong asetisismo. </p><p>Ang limang mga patakaran ang mga patakarang pagsasanay upang mamuhay ng isang mas mabuting buhay kung saan ang isang tao ay masaya nang walang mga pag-aalala at makapagninilay nilay ng mahusay: </p> <ol><li>Na magpipigil sa pagkuha ng buhay (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahimsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahimsa (hindi pa naisusulat)">kawalang karahasan</a> tungo sa may kamalayang mga anyo ng buhay) o <i>ahimsā</i>;</li> <li>Na magpipigil sa pagkuha sa hindi ibinigay (hindi <a href="/wiki/Pagnanakaw" title="Pagnanakaw">pagnanakaw</a>);</li> <li>Na magpipigil mula sa pagnanasang pang-laman kabilang ang seksuwal na maling pag-aasal;</li> <li>Na magpipigil mula sa <a href="/wiki/Pagsisinungaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagsisinungaling">pagsisinungaling</a> (palaging nasasalita ng katotohan);</li> <li>Na magpipigil mula sa mga nakalalasing na humahantong sa kawalang ng kamatyagan (spesipiko na ang mga <a href="/wiki/Droga" class="mw-redirect" title="Droga">droga</a> at <a href="/wiki/Alak" class="mw-redirect" title="Alak">alak</a>).</li></ol> <p>Ang mga patakaran ay hindi pinormula bilang nag-uutos ngunit bilang mga patakarang pagsasanay na isinagawa ng boluntaryo ng mga taong lay upang padaliin ang pagsasanay.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa pananaw na Budista, ang pagpapalago ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dana_(Budismo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dana (Budismo) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dana</a> at ang mismong pag-aasal na etikal ay nagdadalisay ng kamalayan sa gayong isang lebel na ang muling kapanganakan sa isa sa mga mas mababang kalangitan ay malamang kahit walang karagdagang pagsasanay na Budista. Walang hindi angkop o hindi-Budista sa paglimita ng mga layunin ng isa sa antas na ito ng pagkakamit.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_walong_patakaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga walong patakaran (hindi pa naisusulat)">mga walong patakaran</a>, ang ikatlong patakaran tungkol sa maling gawaing seksuwal ay ginawang mas mahigpit at nagiging isang patakaran ng <a href="/wiki/Selibasya" class="mw-redirect" title="Selibasya">selibasya</a>. Ang tatlong mga karagdagang patakaran ang: </p> <dl><dd>6. Na magpipigil mula sa pagkain sa maling panahon (kakain lamang mula paglubog ng araw hanggang tanghali);</dd> <dd>7. Na magpipigil mula sa pagsasayaw at pagpapatugtog ng musika, pagsusuot ng mga alahas at mga pampaganda, pagdalo sa mga palabas at iba pang mga pagganap;</dd> <dd>8. Na magpipigil mula sa paggamit mataas at mga marangyaang upuan at mga takip ng kama.</dd></dl> <p>Ang kumpletong talaan ng mga sampung patakaran ay maaaring sundin ng mga taong lay sa maikling mga panahon. Para sa kumpletong talaan, ang ikaapat ng patakaran ay hinati sa dalawa at ang isang ikasampu ay idinagdag: </p> <dl><dd>6. Na magpipigil mula sa pagkain sa isang hindi napapanahong panahon na pagkatapos ng gitnang araw na pagkain;</dd> <dd>7. Na magpipigil mula sa pagsasayaw, musika, pag-awit at mga hindi ankop na palabas;</dd> <dd>8. Na magpipigil mula sa paggamit ng mga kuwintas na bulaklak, mga pabango, mga unggwento, at mula sa mga bagay na nagpapaganda at nagpapalamuti sa tao;</dd> <dd>9. Na magpipigil mula sa paggamit ng mataas at marangyang mga upuan at kama;</dd> <dd>10. Na magpipigil mula sa pagtanggap ng ginto at pilak (pera);<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Budismo">Budismo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Budismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Budismo"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Chinese_Buddhist_Monks_Ceremony_Hangzhou.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Chinese_Buddhist_Monks_Ceremony_Hangzhou.jpeg/220px-Chinese_Buddhist_Monks_Ceremony_Hangzhou.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Chinese_Buddhist_Monks_Ceremony_Hangzhou.jpeg/330px-Chinese_Buddhist_Monks_Ceremony_Hangzhou.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Chinese_Buddhist_Monks_Ceremony_Hangzhou.jpeg/440px-Chinese_Buddhist_Monks_Ceremony_Hangzhou.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Mga mongheng Budista na nagsasagawa ng isang seremonya sa Hangzhou, Tsina</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vinaya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Vinaya</a> ay isang spesipikong kodigong moral para sa mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monghe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monghe (hindi pa naisusulat)">monghe</a> at madreng Budista. Ito ay kinabibilangan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patimokkha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patimokkha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Patimokkha</a> na isang hanay ng mga 227 patakaran para sa mga monghe sa resensiyong Theravadin. Ang tiyak na nilalaman ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinayapitaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vinayapitaka (hindi pa naisusulat)">vinayapitaka</a> na mga kasulatan sa Vinaya ay katamtamang iba iba ayon sa iba't ibang mga eskwela at ang iba't ibang mga eskwela o subeskwela ay nagtatakda ng iba't ibang mga pamantayan para sa digri ng pagsunod sa Vinaya. Ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samanera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samanera (hindi pa naisusulat)">baguhang monghe</a> ay gumagamit ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_sampung_kautusan_(Budismo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga sampung kautusan (Budismo) (hindi pa naisusulat)">mga sampung kautusan</a> na mga basikong patakaran para sa mga monastiko. Tungkol sa mga patakarang monastiko, patuloy na pinaalala ni Buddha sa kanyang mga tagapakinig na ang espirito ang mahalaga. Sa kabilang dako, ang mga mismong patakaran ay nilikha upang seguraduhin ang isang nakasasapat na pamumuhay at nagbibigay ng isang sakdal na panlunsad para sa mas mataas na mga pagtatamo. Ang mga monastiko ay tinuruan ni Buddha na mamuhay bilang "mga isla sa kanilang mga sarili".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sa Budismong Silanganin, may isa ring natatanging Vinaya at etika na nilalaman sa loob ng Mahayana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmajala_Sutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmajala Sutra (hindi pa naisusulat)">Brahmajala Sutra</a> (hindi dapat ikalito sa tekstong Pali ng parehong pangalan) para sa mga <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a> kung saan, halimbawa, ang pagkain ng karne ay hindi inaaprobahan at ang <a href="/wiki/Behetaryanismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Behetaryanismo">behetaryanismo</a> ay aktibong hinihikayat. Sa Hapon, ito ay halos buong pumalit sa monastikong vinaya at pumapayag sa klero na magpakasal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pagninilay-nilay">Pagninilay-nilay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagninilay-nilay" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Pagninilay-nilay"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Rank_celebration_of_Thai_Buddhist_monk_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Rank_celebration_of_Thai_Buddhist_monk_1.jpg/220px-Rank_celebration_of_Thai_Buddhist_monk_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Rank_celebration_of_Thai_Buddhist_monk_1.jpg/330px-Rank_celebration_of_Thai_Buddhist_monk_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Rank_celebration_of_Thai_Buddhist_monk_1.jpg/440px-Rank_celebration_of_Thai_Buddhist_monk_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1316" /></a><figcaption>Nagdadasal na mga Budistang monghe sa Taylandiya</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagninilay-nilay_na_Budista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagninilay-nilay na Budista (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pagninilay-nilay na Budista</a></div> <p>Ang pagninilay-nilay na Budista ay pundamental na nauukol sa dalawang mga tema: pagbabago ng isipan at gamitin ito upang galugarin ang sarili at iba pang mga phenomena.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ayon sa <a href="/wiki/Budismong_Theravada" title="Budismong Theravada">Budismong Theravada</a>, ang Buddha ay nagturo ng dalawang mga uri ng pagninilay-nilay, ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samatha_meditation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samatha meditation (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagninilay-nilay na <i>samatha</i></a> (Sanskrit: <i>śamatha</i>) at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vipassana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vipassana (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagninilay-nilay na <i>vipassanā</i></a> (Sanskrit: <i>vipaśyanā</i>). Sa Budismong Tsino, may umiiral (isinalin na<i>chih kuan</i>), ngunit ang pagninilay-nilay na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Ch%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese Chán (hindi pa naisusulat)">Chán</a> (Zen) ay mas sikat.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ayon kay Peter Harvey, kung saan malusog ang Budismo, hindi lamang ang mga monghe, madre at mga ikinasal na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lama (hindi pa naisusulat)">lama</a> ang nagsasanay nito kundi pati ang mga nagtalaga sa sariling mga taong lay.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ayon Routledge's Encyclopedia of Buddhism, sa bong karamihan ng kasaysayan ng Budismo bago ang mga modernong panahon, ang seryosong pagninilay-nilay sa mga taong lay ay hindi karaniwan.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang ebidensiya ng mga maagang teksto ng Budismo ay nagmumungkahing sa panahon ni Buddha, maraming mga lalake at babaeng tagapagsanay na lay ang nagsanay ng pagninilay-nilay.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Samādhi_(pagpapalagong_pagninilay-nilay):_pagninilay-nilay_na_samatha"><span id="Sam.C4.81dhi_.28pagpapalagong_pagninilay-nilay.29:_pagninilay-nilay_na_samatha"></span>Samādhi (pagpapalagong pagninilay-nilay): pagninilay-nilay na samatha</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Samādhi (pagpapalagong pagninilay-nilay): pagninilay-nilay na samatha" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Samādhi (pagpapalagong pagninilay-nilay): pagninilay-nilay na samatha"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam%C4%81dhi_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samādhi (Buddhism) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Samādhi (Buddhism)</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhy%C4%81na_in_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhyāna in Buddhism (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dhyāna in Buddhism</a></div> <p>Sa wika ng Maharling Makawalong Landa, ang <i>samyaksamādhi</i> ang "tamang konsentrasyon". Ang pangunahing paraan ng pagpapalago ng <i>samādhi</i> ang pagninilay-nilay. Sa pag-unlad ng <i>samādhi</i>, ang isipan ng isa ay dumadalisay sa karumihan, kalmado, tiwasay at maningning. Kapat nakamit ng nagninilay-nilay ang isang malakas at makapangyarihang konsentrasyon (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhy%C4%81na_in_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhyāna in Buddhism (hindi pa naisusulat)">jhāna</a></i>, Sanskrit ध्यान <i>dhyāna</i>), ang kanyang isipan ay handang tumago at makabatid (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vipassana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vipassana (hindi pa naisusulat)">vipassanā</a>) tungo sa huling kalikasan ng realidad at kalaunan ay pagkakamit ng pagpapalaya mula sa lahat ng pagdurusa. Ang pagpalago ng kamatyagan ay mahalaga sa konsentrasyon ng isipan na kailangan upang makamit ang kabatiran. </p><p>Ang paninilay-nilay na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samatha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samatha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Samatha</a> ay nagsisimula mula sa pagiging mapagmatyag sa isang bagay o ideya na pinalalawig sa katawan ng isa, kaisipan at buong mga kapaligiran na humahantong sa isang estado ng buong konsentrasyon at katiwasayan (<i>jhāna</i>). Maraming mga anyo ng istilo ng pagninilay-nilay mula sa nakaupo ng nakakrus na mga hita o pagluhod sa pag-awit o paglalakad. Ang pinakakaraniwang paraan ng pagninilay-nilay ay tumuon sa paghinga ng isa (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anapanasati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anapanasati (hindi pa naisusulat)">anapanasati</a>), dahil ang kasanayang ito ay hahantong sa parehong <i>samatha</i> at <i>vipassana</i>. Sa kasanayang Budista, sinasabing bagaman ang <i>samatha</i> ay makapagpapakalma ng isipan, ang tanging ang pagninilay-nilay na <i>vipassanā</i> ay makapaghahayag kung paanong ang isipan ay nagulo sa simula na humahantong sa kaalaman (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jnana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jnana (hindi pa naisusulat)">jñāna</a></i>; Pāli <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration" class="IAST Unicode" style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'GNU Unifont', 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">ñāṇa</span></i>) at pagkaunawa (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praj%C3%B1%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prajñā (hindi pa naisusulat)">prajñā</a></i>; Pāli <i>paññā</i>), at kaya ay hahantong sa <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirv%C4%81%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nirvāṇa (hindi pa naisusulat)">nirvāṇa</a></i> (Pāli <i>nibbāna</i>). Kapag ang isa ay nasa jhana, ang lahat ng mga karumihan ay temporaryong nasusupil. Ang tanging pagkaunawa (<i>prajñā</i> o <i>vipassana</i>) ang lilipols sa mga karumihan ng buo. Ang mga Jhana ay nagsasaad rin na ang mga <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arahant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arahant (hindi pa naisusulat)">Arahant</a></i> namamalagi upang makapagpahinga. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Sa_Theravāda"><span id="Sa_Therav.C4.81da"></span>Sa Theravāda</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Sa Theravāda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Sa Theravāda"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jh%C4%81na_sa_Theravada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jhāna sa Theravada (hindi pa naisusulat)">Jhāna sa Theravada</a></div> <p>Sa Budismong Theravāda, ang sanhi ng pag-iral at pagdurusa ng tao ay natukoy bilang pananabik na nagdadala dito ng iba't ibang mga karumihan. Ang mga iba ibang karumihang ito ay tradisyon na sinusuma bilang kasakiman, poot at delusyon. Ang mga ito ay pinaniniwalaang malalim na naka-ugat sa mga paghihirap ng isipan na lumilikha ng pagdurusa at stress. Upang maging malaya mula sa pagdurusa at stress, ang mga karumihang ito ay dapat permanente bunutin sa pamamagitan ng panloob na pag-iimbestiga, pagsisiyasat, pagdanas at pag-unawa ng tunay na kalikasan ng mga karumihang ito sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng <i>jhāna</i> na isang paraan ng Maharlikang Makawalong Landas. Ito ay humahantong naman sa nagninilay-nilay na matanto ang mga Apat na Maharlikang Katotohanan, Kaliwanagan at <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirvana_(concept)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nirvana (concept) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nibbana</a></i>. Ang Nibbana ang huling layunin ng mga Theravadin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prajñā_(Karunungan):_pagninilay-nilay_na_vipassana"><span id="Praj.C3.B1.C4.81_.28Karunungan.29:_pagninilay-nilay_na_vipassana"></span>Prajñā (Karunungan): pagninilay-nilay na vipassana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Prajñā (Karunungan): pagninilay-nilay na vipassana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Prajñā (Karunungan): pagninilay-nilay na vipassana"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praj%C3%B1%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prajñā (hindi pa naisusulat)">Prajñā</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vipassana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vipassana (hindi pa naisusulat)">Vipassana</a></div> <p>Ang <i>Prajñā</i> (Sanskrit) o <i>paññā</i> (Pāli) ay nangangahulugang ang karunungan na batay sa isang pagkatanto ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratitya-samutpada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratitya-samutpada (hindi pa naisusulat)">nakasalalay na pagmumula</a>, ang mga Apat na Maharlikang Katotohanan at mga tatlong marka ng pag-iral. Ang <i>Prajñā</i> ang karunungan na makakapawi ng mga kahirapan at magdulat ng <i>bodhi</i>. Ito ay sinasalita bilang ang pangunahing paraan ng pagkakamit ng <i><span class="Unicode" style="font-family:TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL, Chrysanthi Unicode, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream CyberBase, Bitstream Vera, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Visual Geez Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Microsoft Sans Serif, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">nirvāṇa</span></i> sa pamamagitan ng pahayag nito ng tunay na kalikasan ng lahat ng mga bagay gaya ng <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dukkha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dukkha (hindi pa naisusulat)">dukkha</a></i> (kawalang satispaksiyon), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anicca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anicca (hindi pa naisusulat)">anicca</a></i> (pagiging hindi permanente) ay<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatta (hindi pa naisusulat)">anatta</a></i> (hindi-sarili). Ang <i>Prajñā</i> ay itinatala rin bilang ikaanim na <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramita (hindi pa naisusulat)">pāramitā</a></i> ng Mahayana. </p><p>Sa simula, ang <i>prajñā</i> ay nakakamit sa isang lebel na pang-konsepto sa pamamagitan ng pakikinig sa mga sermon (mga usapang dharma), pagbasa, pag-aaral at minsan ay pagbigkas ng mga tekstong Budista at pakikilahok sa diskurso. Kapag ang pagkaunawang pang-konsepto ay nakamit, ito ay nilalapat sa pang-araw araw na buhay upang ang bawat Budista ay magpatunay ng katotohanan ng katuruan ni Buddha sa isang praktikal na lebel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zen">Zen</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Zen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Zen"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a></div> <p>Ang <a href="/wiki/Budismong_Zen" class="mw-redirect" title="Budismong Zen">Budismong Zen</a> (禅) na binibigkas na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Ch%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese Chán (hindi pa naisusulat)"><i>Chán</i></a> sa Tsino, <i>seon</i> sa Koreano o <i>zen</i> sa Hapones (na hinango mula sa terminong Sanskrit na <i>dhyāna</i> na nangangahulugang pagninilay-nilay) ay isang anyo ng Budismo na naging sikat sa Tsina, Korea at Hapon at naglalagay ng espesyal na pagbibigay diin sa pagninilay-nilay.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang Zen ay naglalagay ng kaunting pagbibigay diin sa mga kasulatan kesa sa ibang mga anyo ng Budismo. Ang Budismong Zen ay nahahati sa dalawang mga pangunahing eskuwela: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rinzai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rinzai (hindi pa naisusulat)">Rinzai</a> (臨済宗) at <a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D" title="Sōtō">Sōtō</a> (曹洞宗), na ang una ay malaking pumapabor sa paggamit ng pagninilay-nilay sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C5%8Dan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kōan (hindi pa naisusulat)">kōan</a> (公案, na isang pagninilay-nilay na palaisipan) bilang isang kasangkapan para sa pagsulong na espiritwal. Ang huli ay mas nakatuon sa <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shikantaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shikantaza (hindi pa naisusulat)">shikantaza</a></i> o pag-upo lamang.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang katuruang Budismong Zen ay kadalasang puno ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradokso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paradokso (hindi pa naisusulat)">paradokso</a> upang makalag ang kapit ang ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ego (hindi pa naisusulat)">ego</a> at upang mapadali ang pagtagos tungo sa sakop ng Tunay na Sarili o Walang anyong Sarili na tinutumbas sa mismong si Buddha.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ayon sa maestrong Zen na si Kosho Uchiyama, kapag ang mga isipan at pagtuon sa munting Ako ay nalagpasan, ang isang Pagkagising sa isang pangkalahatang hindi-dual na Sarili ay nangyayari.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaya ang pag-iisip at kaisipan ay hindi dapat payagan na maglimita at magtali sa isa.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vajrayana_at_Tantra">Vajrayana at Tantra</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Vajrayana at Tantra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Vajrayana at Tantra"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bagaman nakabase sa Mahayana,ang Budismong Tibeto-Mongolian ang isa sa mga eskwela na nagsasanay ng <i><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a></i> o o "Diamanteng Sasakyan" na tinutukoy rin bilang Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Budismong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantra (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tantriko</a> o Budismong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoriko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estoriko (hindi pa naisusulat)">estoriko</a> ngunit kinabibilangan rin ng isang malawak na kalipunan ng mga pamamaraang espiritwal at pisikal na dinisenyo upang palakasin ang pagsasanay na Budista. Ang Budismong tantriko ay malaking nauukol sa mga kasanayang ritwal at pagninilay-nilay.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang pagdanas ng huling katotohanan ang sinasabing layunin ng lahat ng iba't ibang mga pamamaraang tantriko na sinasanay sa Vajrayana. Bukod sa mas maunlad na mga kasanayang pagninilay-nilay gaya ng Mahamudra at Dzogchen na naglalayon na makaranas ng walang lamang kalikasan ng naliwanagang isipan na makakakita sa huling katotohanan, ang lahat ng mga kasanayan ay nilalayon sa isang paraan sa pagdadalisay ng hindi dalisay na persepsiyon ng nagsasanay upang payagan ang huling katotohanan na makita. Ang mga ito ay maaring ang ngondro o mga preliminaryong kasanayan o ang mas maunlad na mga pamaraan ng tantrikong sadhan. Sa tradisyong Tibetan, ang mga kasanayang ito ay kinabibilangan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogang_pang-seksuwal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yogang pang-seksuwal (hindi pa naisusulat)">yogang pang-seksuwal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasaysayan_ng_Budismo">Kasaysayan ng Budismo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kasaysayan ng Budismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Kasaysayan ng Budismo"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siddharta_Gautama">Siddharta Gautama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Siddharta Gautama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Siddharta Gautama"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Birthplacebuddha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Birthplacebuddha.jpg/150px-Birthplacebuddha.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Birthplacebuddha.jpg/225px-Birthplacebuddha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Birthplacebuddha.jpg/300px-Birthplacebuddha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1552" /></a><figcaption>Ang eksaktong lugar ng kapanganakan ni Gautama Buddha sa <a href="/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini">Lumbini</a> na isa ring banal na dambana para sa mga <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> na naniniwalang si Buddha ang ika-9 sa 10 mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dashavatara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dashavatara (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dashavatara</a> ni <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Sarnath1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sarnath1.jpg/150px-Sarnath1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sarnath1.jpg/225px-Sarnath1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sarnath1.jpg/300px-Sarnath1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dh%C3%A2mek_St%C3%BBpa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhâmek Stûpa (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dhâmek Stûpa</a> sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A2rn%C3%A2th&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sârnâth (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sârnâth</a>, India, na lugar ng unang pagtuturo ni Buddha kung saan ay kanyang itinuro ang <a href="/wiki/Mga_Apat_na_Maharlikang_Katotohanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Apat na Maharlikang Katotohanan">Mga Apat na Maharlikang Katotohanan</a> sa kanyang unang limang mga alagad.</figcaption></figure> <p>Si <a href="/wiki/Siddh%C4%81rtha_Gautama" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddhārtha Gautama">Siddhārtha Gautama</a> ang historikal na tagapagtatag ng Budismo. Siya ay ipinanganak na isang mandirimang prinsipeng Kshatriya warrior sa <a href="/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini">Lumbini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> noong 623 BCE. Pagkatapos ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asesitismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asesitismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">asesitismo</a> at pagninilay-nilay, natuklasan ni Siddharta ang Gitnang Daan na Budista na isang landas ng kahinahunan mula sa mga kasukdulan ng pagpapakasasa sa sarili at mortipikasyon ng sarili. Nakamit ni Siddharta ang <a href="/wiki/Kaliwanagan" title="Kaliwanagan">kaliwanagan</a> sa ilalim ng isang punong peepal na kilala ngayon bilang <a href="/wiki/Punong_Bodhi" title="Punong Bodhi">punong Bodhi</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" class="mw-redirect" title="India">India</a>. Mula noon, si Siddharta ay nakilala bilang "Ang Isang Naliwanagan", ang Samyaksambuddha. Si Buddha ay ay tinangkalik ng pinuno ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magadha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magadha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Magadha</a> na si emperador <a href="/wiki/Bimbis%C4%81ra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bimbisāra">Bimbisāra</a>. Tinanggap ng emperador ang Budismo bilang pansariling pananampalataya at pumayag sa pagtatayo ng maraming mga vihāras na Budista. Ito ay kalaunang humantong sa muling pagpapangalan ng buong rehiyon bilang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bih%C4%81r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bihār (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bihār</a>. Sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarnatha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarnatha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Parkeng Usa</a> malapit sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C4%81r%C4%81%E1%B9%87as%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vārāṇasī (hindi pa naisusulat)">Vārāṇasī</a> sa hilagaang India, sinimulan ni Buddha ang <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a> sa pamamagitan ng paghahatid ng kanyang unang sermon sa isang pangkat ng limang mga kasama na kanyang nakaraang hinanapan ng kaliwanagan. Kasama ni Buddha, kanilang binuo ang unang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanga (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sanga</a> na pangkat ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monghe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monghe (hindi pa naisusulat)">mongheng</a> Budista at kaya ang unang pagkakabuo ng <a href="/wiki/Tatlong_Hiyas" title="Tatlong Hiyas">Tatlong Hiyas</a> (Buddha, Dharma at Saṅgha) ay nabuo. Sa natitira ng kanyang buhay, si Buddha ay naglakbay sa Kapatagang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangetiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gangetiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gangetiko</a> ng Hilagang silanganing India at iba pang mga rehiyon. Nakamit ni Buddha ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parinirv%C4%81%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parinirvāṇa (hindi pa naisusulat)">parinirvāṇa</a> sa inabandonang mga kagubatan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%9Bin%C4%81ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuśināra (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kuśināra</a>. Bago ang kanyang kamatayan, kanyang iniulat na sinabi sa kanyang mga alagad na pagkatapos nito ay kanilang magiging pinuno ang Dharma (doktrina, katuruan). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maagang_Budismo">Maagang Budismo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Maagang Budismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section's source code: Maagang Budismo"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang maagang Budismo ay nanatiling nakasentro sa palibot ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambak_Ganges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambak Ganges (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lambak Ganges</a> na unti-unting kumalat mula sa sinaunang sentro nito. Ang mga sangguninang kanonikal ng Budismo ay nagtatala ng dalawang mga konseho kung saan ang monastikong Sanha ay nagtatag ng mga kalipunang tekstuwal batay sa mga katuruan ni Buddha at nagpasya sa ilang mga problemang disiplinaryo sa buong pamayanan. Ang <a href="/wiki/Unang_Konsehong_Budista" title="Unang Konsehong Budista">unang Konsehong Budista</a> ay idinaos pagkatapos lamang ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parinirvana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parinirvana (hindi pa naisusulat)">Parinirvana</a> ni Buddha at pinangasiwaan ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gupta_Mah%C4%81k%C4%81%C5%9Byapa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gupta Mahākāśyapa (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gupta Mahākāśyapa</a> na isa sa kanyang pinakanakatatandang mga alagad sa Rājagṛha (ngayong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajgir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajgir (hindi pa naisusulat)">Rajgir</a>) noong ika-5 siglo BCE sa ilalim ng maharlikang suporta ni haring <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aj%C4%81tha%C5%9Batru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajāthaśatru (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ajāthaśatru</a>. Ang layunin ng konseho ay itala ang lahat ng mga katuruan ni Buddha sa mga katuruang doktrina (sutra) at Abhidhamma at ikodigo ang mga patakarang monastiko (vinaya). Si Ānanda na isa sa mga pangunahing alagad at pinsan ni Buddha ay tinawag upang bigkasin ang mga diskurso at Abhidhamma ng Buddha, at si Upali na isa pang alagad ni Buddha ay nagbigkas ng mga patakaran ng vinaya. Ang mga ito ang naging basehan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tripiṭaka (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tripiṭaka</a> na iningatan lamang sa <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli">Pāli</a>. Ang <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Konsehong_Budista" title="Ikalawang Konsehong Budista">ikalawang Konsehong Budista</a> ay idinaos sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaisali (hindi pa naisusulat)">Vaisali</a> noong ika-4 siglo BCE kasunod ng isang alitan sa Sangha tungkol sa relaksasyon ng ilang mga mongke ng iba't ibang mga punto ng disiplina. Kalaunan, ito ay nagpasya na magdaos ng isang ikalawang konseho kung saan ang mga orihinal na tekstong Vinaya na inangatan sa unang konseho ay binanggit upang ipakita na ang mga relaksasyong ito ay sumalungat sa naitalang mga katuruan ni Buddha. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pang-aakay_ni_Aśoka_(c._261_BCE)"><span id="Pang-aakay_ni_A.C5.9Boka_.28c._261_BCE.29"></span>Pang-aakay ni Aśoka (c. 261 BCE)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pang-aakay ni Aśoka (c. 261 BCE)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section's source code: Pang-aakay ni Aśoka (c. 261 BCE)"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Asoka_Kaart.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Asoka_Kaart.png/220px-Asoka_Kaart.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Asoka_Kaart.png/330px-Asoka_Kaart.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Asoka_Kaart.png/440px-Asoka_Kaart.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="577" /></a><figcaption>Pang-aakay sa Budismo sa panahon ni Emperador <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Aśoka</a> (260–218 BCE) ayon sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_kautusan_ni_Ashoka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga kautusan ni Ashoka (hindi pa naisusulat)">mga kautusan ni Aśoka</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pagkaakay_ni_Emperador_Aśoka_sa_Budismo"><span id="Pagkaakay_ni_Emperador_A.C5.9Boka_sa_Budismo"></span>Pagkaakay ni Emperador Aśoka sa Budismo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagkaakay ni Emperador Aśoka sa Budismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section's source code: Pagkaakay ni Emperador Aśoka sa Budismo"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang Emperador ng <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Maurya" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperyong Maurya">Imperyong Maurya</a> na si <a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Boka" class="mw-redirect" title="Aśoka">Aśoka</a> (273 BCE –232 BCE) ay naakay sa Budismo pagkatapos ng kanyang madugong pananakop sa teritoryo ng Kalinga (modernong <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>) sa silanganing India noong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digmaang_Kalinga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digmaang Kalinga (hindi pa naisusulat)">Digmaang Kalinga</a>. Sa pagsisi sa mga sindak at pagdurusa na idinulot ng alitan, dakilang pinagpasyahan ng hari na itakwil ang karahasan at palitan ang pagdurusa na sinanhi ng digmaan ng paggalang at dignidad para sa lahat ng sangkatauhan. Kanyang pinalaganap ang pananampalatayang Budismo sa pamamagitan ng pagtatayo ng mga <a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">stupa</a> at mga haligi na humihikayat kabilang sa mga ibang bagay na igalang ang lahat ng buhay ng hayop at iniutos sa mga tao na sundin ang Dharma. Nagtayo siya ng mga lansangan, mga libreng ospital, mga libreng edukasyon, mga pahingahan, mga unibersidad at mga sistema ng <a href="/wiki/Irigasyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Irigasyon">irigasyon</a> sa buong bansa. Kanyang itinaguyod ang mga karapatang pantao at tinrato ang kanyang mga nasasakupan bilang mga magkakatumbas kahit pa ano ang kanilang reliihiyon, politika o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaste (hindi pa naisusulat)">kaste</a>. Ang panahong ito ay nagmamarka ng unang pagkalat ng Budismo nang lagpas sa India sa ibang mga bansa. Ayon sa mga plato at haliging iniwan ni haring Aśoka (mga kautusan ni Aśoka), ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emisaryo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emisaryo (hindi pa naisusulat)">emisaryo</a> ay ipinadala sa iba't ibang mga bansa upang ikalat ang Budismo na kasing layo sa timog Sri Langka at kasing layo sa kanluran sa mga kahariang Griyego, sa partiklular ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahariang_Greko-Baktriano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kahariang Greko-Baktriano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kahariang Greko-Baktriano</a> at posibleng mas malayo pa sa <a href="/wiki/Mediterraneo" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mediterraneo">Mediterraneo</a>. Tinipon ni Haring Aśoka ang <a href="/wiki/Ikatlong_Konsehong_Budista" title="Ikatlong Konsehong Budista">ikatlong Konsehong Budista</a> noong mga 250 BCE sa Pataliputra (ngayong <a href="/wiki/Patna" class="mw-redirect" title="Patna">Patna</a>). Ito ay idinaos ng mongheng Moggaliputtatissa. Ang layunin ng konseho ay dalisayin ang <a href="/wiki/Sangha" title="Sangha">Sangha</a> partikular na ang mga hindi-Budistang <a href="/wiki/Asetiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Asetiko">asetiko</a> na naakit ng pagtangkilik ng hari. Kasunod ng konsehong ito, ang mga misyonaryong Budista ay ipinadala sa buong kilalang daigdig sa panahong ito. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pagpapalaganap_ni_Aśoka_ng_Budismo_sa_daigdig_na_Helenistiko"><span id="Pagpapalaganap_ni_A.C5.9Boka_ng_Budismo_sa_daigdig_na_Helenistiko"></span>Pagpapalaganap ni Aśoka ng Budismo sa daigdig na Helenistiko</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagpapalaganap ni Aśoka ng Budismo sa daigdig na Helenistiko" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section's source code: Pagpapalaganap ni Aśoka ng Budismo sa daigdig na Helenistiko"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:AsokaKandahar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/AsokaKandahar.jpg/220px-AsokaKandahar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/AsokaKandahar.jpg/330px-AsokaKandahar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/AsokaKandahar.jpg/440px-AsokaKandahar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption>Dalawang wikang inskripsiyon (<a href="/wiki/Griyego" class="mw-disambig" title="Griyego">Griyego</a> at <a href="/wiki/Aramaiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaiko">Aramaiko</a>) ni Emperador <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> mula sa <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang ilan sa mga kautusan ni Asoka ay naglalarawan ng kanyang mga ginawang pagsisikap na ipalaganap ang pananampalatayang Budista sa buong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daigdig_na_Helenistiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daigdig na Helenistiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">daigdig na Helenistiko</a> na sa panahong ito ay bumubuo ng isang walang patid na pagpapatuloy mula sa mga hangganan ng India hanggang <a href="/wiki/Gresya" title="Gresya">Gresya</a>. Ang mga kautusan ni Asoka ay nagpapakita ng isang maliwanag na pagkaunawa sa organisasyong pampolitika sa mga teritoryong Helenistiko. Ang mga pangalan at lokasyon ng mga pangunahing haring Griyego sa panahong ito ay tinukoy at inangking mga nakatangap ng pang-aakay na Budista. Ang mga ito ay kinabibilangan nina <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_II_Theos" title="Antiochus II Theos">Antiochus II Theos</a> ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahariang_Seleucid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kahariang Seleucid (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kahariang Seleucid</a> (261–246 BCE), <a href="/wiki/Ptolomeo_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolomeo II Philadelphus">Ptolomeo II Philadelphus</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Dinastiyang_Ptolemaiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastiyang Ptolemaiko">Dinastiyang Ptolemaiko</a> (285–247 BCE), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antigonus_Gonatas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antigonus Gonatas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Antigonus Gonatas</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonia">Macedonia</a> (276–239 BCE), <a href="/wiki/Magas" class="mw-redirect" title="Magas">Magas</a> (288–258 BCE) sa Cyrenaica (modernong Libya), at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander II (hindi pa naisusulat)">Alexander II</a> (272–255 BCE) sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epirus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Epirus</a> (modernong Hilagang kanluraning Gresya). sa karagdagan, ayon sa mga sangguniang Pāli, ang ilan sa mga emisaryo ni Aśoka ay mga Griyegong Budistang monghe na nagpapakita ng malapit na pagpapalitang relihiyoso sa pagitan ng dalawang mga kultura. Si Aśoka ay naglabas rin ng mga kautusan sa wikang Griyego gayundin sa <a href="/wiki/Aramaiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaiko">Aramaiko</a>. Ang mga puntod na Budista mula sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panahong_Ptolemaiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panahong Ptolemaiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">panahong Ptolemaiko</a> (305 BCE–30 BCE) ay natagapuan rin sa <a href="/wiki/Alehandriya" title="Alehandriya">Alehandriya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ehipto" title="Ehipto">Ehipto</a> na pinalamutian ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dharmacakra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dharmacakra (hindi pa naisusulat)">gulong ng Dharma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kalaunan, sa napaka-lugar na ito (<a href="/wiki/Alehandriya" title="Alehandriya">Alehandriya</a>) na ang ilan sa mga pinaka-aktibong sentro ng <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo">Kristiyanismo</a> ay itinatag.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Noong ika-2 siglo CE, ang <a href="/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">dogmatistang</a> <a href="/wiki/Kristiyano" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristiyano">Kristiyanong</a> si <a href="/wiki/Clemente_ng_Alehandriya" title="Clemente ng Alehandriya">Clemente ng Alehandriya</a> ay kumilala sa impluwensiya sa <a href="/wiki/Pilosopiyang_Griyego" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilosopiyang Griyego">kaisipang Griyego</a> ng mga Budistang Baktriano (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sramana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sramana (hindi pa naisusulat)">śramanas</a></i>) at Indianong <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnosophist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gymnosophist (hindi pa naisusulat)">gymnosophista</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Isinulat ni <a href="/wiki/Clemente_ng_Alehandriya" title="Clemente ng Alehandriya">Clemente ng Alehandriya</a> tungkol kay Buddha na: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2106284"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><span lang="grc" title="Sinaunang Griyego language text">εἰσὶ δὲ τῶν Ἰνδῶν οἱ τοῖς Βούττα πειθόμενοι παραγγέλμασιν. ὃν δι’ ὑπερβολὴν σεμνότητος ὡς θεὸν τετιμήκασι.</span> [Sa mga Indiano ang mga pilosopo ring sumusunod sa mga patakaran ni Boutta, na kanilang ginagalang bilang isang diyos sa kadahilanan ng kanyang ekstraordinaryong kabanalan.]<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Ang kuwento ng kapanganakan ni Buddha ay alam rin sa Kanluran. Ang isang pragmento ni Archelaos ng Carrha (278 CE) ay nagbanggit sa birheng kapanganakan ni Buddha. Ang Kristiyanong si <a href="/wiki/Jeronimo" title="Jeronimo">Jeronimo</a> (ika-4 na siglo) ay nagsaaad tungkol sa kapanganakan ni Buddha na "ipinanganak mula sa panig ng isang birhen". </p><p>Ang mga misyonaryong ipinadala ni emperador <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> sa India, Ceylon, <a href="/wiki/Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ehipto" title="Ehipto">Ehipto</a> at <a href="/wiki/Gresya" title="Gresya">Gresya</a> ay maaaring nakatulong sa paghahanda ng mga etikang katuruan ni Hesus.<sup id="cite_ref-Durant2011_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durant2011-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maguire_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maguire-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang <a href="/wiki/Dhammapada" title="Dhammapada">Dhammapada</a> ay naglalaman ng mga pagkakatugma sa mga konsepto sa <a href="/wiki/Sermon_sa_Bundok" title="Sermon sa Bundok">Sermon sa Bundok</a> ni Hesus ng paghaharap ng kabilang pisngi, liwanag ng daigdig, hindi pagtinging ng may pagnanasa, <a href="/wiki/Ginintuang_patakaran" title="Ginintuang patakaran">ginintuang patakaran</a>, kahalagahan ng buhay, kahabagan sa iba, pagtakwil sa karahasan, pangungumpisal, kawang gawa at pagsasanay ng birtud. </p><p>Ang mga salaysay na Romano ay naglarawan ng isang embahadang ipinadala ng haring Indianong si Porus (Pandion (?) Pandiya (?) o Pandita (Budismo) (?)) kay <a href="/wiki/Caesar_Augustus" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesar Augustus">Caesar Augustus</a> sa isang panahon sa pagitan ng 22 BCE at 13 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang embahada ay naglakbay na may liham na diplomatiko sa isang balat sa wikang Griyego. Ang isa sa mga kasapi nito ay isang sramana na nagsunog ng buhay sa kanyang sarili sa <a href="/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas">Atenas</a> upang ipakita ang kanyang pananampalataya.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang pangyayaring ito ay inilarawan ni Nicolaus ng Damascus na nakatagapo sa embahadang ito sa <a href="/wiki/Antioquia" title="Antioquia">Antioquia</a> at isinalaysay nina Strabo at Dio Cassius. Ang mga salaysay na ito ay kahit papaano nagpapakita na ang mga banal na taong Indiano (Sramanas kung saan kabilang ang mga Budista na salungat sa mga Brahmana ng Hinduismo) ay kumakalat sa Levant sa panahon ni Hesus. </p><p>Ang maagang ika-3 siglo hanggang ika-4 siglo CE mga manunulat na Kristiyano gaya nina <a href="/wiki/Hipolito" title="Hipolito">Hipolito</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiphanius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epiphanius (hindi pa naisusulat)">Epiphanius</a> ay sumulat tungknol sa isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scythianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scythianus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Scythianus</a> na dumalaw sa India noong mga 50 CE na mula dito ay kanyang dinala ang "doktrina ng Dalawang mga Prinsipyo". Ayon kay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cirilo_ng_Herusalem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cirilo ng Herusalem (hindi pa naisusulat)">Cirilo ng Herusalem</a>, ang estudyante ni Scythianus na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terebinthus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terebinthus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Terebinthus</a> ay nagtanghal sa kanyang sarili bilang isang "Buddha" (Buddas). Si Terebinthus ay tumungo sa <a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hudea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudea">Hudea</a> ("na nakilala at kinondena") at tumira sa Babilon. Sinasabing kanyang dinala kasama niya ang mga aklat ni Scythianus na sa kanyang kamatayan ay napunta sa pag-aari ng isang babaeng balo at sa pagkamatay ng balo ay napunta ang mga aklat sa kanyang inampong isang alipin si Cubricus na kalaunang nagpalit ng kanyang pangalan sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mani_(propeta)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mani (propeta) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mani</a>. </p><p>Ang historyan na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_H._Bentley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerry H. Bentley (hindi pa naisusulat)">Jerry H. Bentley</a> ay sumulat sa mga pagkakatulad ng Budismo at <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo">Kristiyanismo</a> at nagsaad na posibleng "ang Budismo ay umimpluwensiya sa maagang pag-unlad ng <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo">Kristiyanismo</a>" at nagmungkahi ng "pansin sa maraming mga pagkakatugma tungkol sa mga kapanganakan, buhay, mga doktrina at mga kamatayan nina <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hesus" title="Hesus">Hesus</a>". .<sup id="cite_ref-Bentley240_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bentley240-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>May ilang mga ugnayan sa pagitan ng mga Kristiyanong <a href="/wiki/Gnostiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnostiko">Gnostiko</a> at mga <a href="/wiki/Indian" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Indian">Indian</a>. Halimbawa, ang teologong <a href="/wiki/Gnostiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnostiko">gnostikong</a> si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bar_Daisan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bar Daisan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bar Daisan</a> ay naglarawan noong ika-3 siglo ng kanyang mga palitan sa mga misyon ng mga banal na tao mula sa India (Griyego:Σαρμαναίοι) na dumaan sa <a href="/wiki/Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria">Syria</a> sa kanilang pagtungo sa <a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a> o isa pang emperador na Romano.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ito ay nagpalitaw sa mga mungkahing ang tradisyong Budista ay nakaimpluwensiya sa Gnostisismo at kaya ay sa Kristiyanismo.<sup id="cite_ref-Thundy2_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thundy2-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isinaalang ni Thundy posibleng mga impluwensiya ng Budismo sa pamamagitan ng sektang Hudyo na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapeutae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Therapeutae (hindi pa naisusulat)">Therapeutae</a> na kanyang iminungkahing mga Budista noong unang siglo.<sup id="cite_ref-Thundy_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thundy-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Talababa">Talababa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Talababa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section's source code: Talababa"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fnt1-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fnt1_27-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fnt1_27-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">See the article <a href="/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Noble Truths">Four Noble Truths</a> for further details and citations. In particular, the section "<a href="/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths#The_four_truths" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Noble Truths">The four truths</a>" within that article provides a footnote showing variety of translations of these four statements.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the article <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dukkha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dukkha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dukkha</a> for further details and citations.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2121818"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Buddhism". (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 26 Nobyembre 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online Library Edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gethin (1998), <i>Foundations</i>, pp. 27–28, pp. 73-74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html#Buddhism">Major Religions Ranked by Size</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080615140203/http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html#Buddhism">Naka-arkibo</a> 2008-06-15 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.; U.S. State Department's International Religious Freedom Report 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2004/">http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2004/</a> Accessed 20 Setyembre 2008; Garfinkel, Perry. "Buddha Rising", National Geographic Disyembre 2005: 88–109; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html#People">CIA - The World Factbook</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100105171656/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html#People">Naka-arkibo</a> 2010-01-05 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lopez,_p._239-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lopez,_p._239_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lopez,_p._239_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Lopez, <i>Story of Buddhism</i>. p. 239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lopez,_Buddhism._p._248-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lopez,_Buddhism._p._248_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lopez,_Buddhism._p._248_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Lopez, <i>Buddhism</i>. p. 248</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116040848/http://www.thedhamma.com/buddhists_in_the_world.htm">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedhamma.com/buddhists_in_the_world.htm">orihinal</a> noong 2016-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2013-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedhamma.com%2Fbuddhists_in_the_world.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.dhammawiki.com/index.php?title=Buddhists_in_the_world">http://www.dhammawiki.com/index.php?title=Buddhists_in_the_world</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130207005742/http://www.pbs.org/thebuddha/blog/2010/mar/17/how-buddhism-came-west-maia-duerr/">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/thebuddha/blog/2010/mar/17/how-buddhism-came-west-maia-duerr/">orihinal</a> noong 2013-02-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2013-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fthebuddha%2Fblog%2F2010%2Fmar%2F17%2Fhow-buddhism-came-west-maia-duerr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.proutglobe.org/2012/01/buddhism-may-regain-its-status-as-the-worlds-largest-religion/">http://www.proutglobe.org/2012/01/buddhism-may-regain-its-status-as-the-worlds-largest-religion/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/5977093/Buddhism-is-fastest-growing-religion-in-English-jails-over-past-decade.html">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/5977093/Buddhism-is-fastest-growing-religion-in-English-jails-over-past-decade.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171102201751/http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node%2F10418">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node%2F10418">orihinal</a> noong 2017-11-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2021-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiantribune.com%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%252F10418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.abc.net.au/stateline/wa/content/2006/s1947996.htm">http://www.abc.net.au/stateline/wa/content/2006/s1947996.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson et al., <i>Buddhist Religions</i>, page xx; <i>Philosophy East and West</i>, vol 54, ps 269f; Williams, <i>Mahayana Buddhism</i>, Routledge, 1st ed., 1989, pp. 275f (2nd ed., 2008, p. 266)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFPadmasambhava,_Jamgon_Kongtrul,_Erik_Pema_Kunsang2004" class="citation book cs1">Padmasambhava, Jamgon Kongtrul, Erik Pema Kunsang (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=qjbBKG06To0C&pg=PA111#v=onepage&q="><i>Light of Wisdom</i></a>. Rangjung Yeshe Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-962-7341-37-6" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-962-7341-37-6"><bdi>978-962-7341-37-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2010-08-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Light+of+Wisdom&rft.pub=Rangjung+Yeshe+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-962-7341-37-6&rft.au=Padmasambhava%2C+Jamgon+Kongtrul%2C+Erik+Pema+Kunsang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DqjbBKG06To0C%26pg%3DPA111%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_mga_may-akda" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Huston & Novak, Philip, Buddhism: A Concise Introduction,HarperCollins 2003, p.116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Journal of Buddhist Ethics:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddhistethics.org/13/zse1-kasulis.pdf">"Zen as a Social Ethics of Responsiveness"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325011050/http://www.buddhistethics.org/13/zse1-kasulis.pdf">Naka-arkibo</a> 2009-03-25 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (<a href="/w/index.php?title=PDF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDF (hindi pa naisusulat)">PDF</a>), T. P. Kasulis, Ohio State University</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey, <i>Introduction to Buddhism</i>, p. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. Richard K. Payne (ed.), <i>Tantric Buddhism in East Asia</i>, Wisdom Publications, Boston, 2006, p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Keown, <i>Buddhism</i>, Oxford University Press, 1996, p. 107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey, <i>Introduction to Buddhism</i>, p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Macmillan <i>Encyclopedia of Buddhism</i> (Volume Two), p. 711</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/allexistence.pdf"><i>The 31 Planes of Existence</i></a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=PDF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDF (hindi pa naisusulat)">PDF</a>), Ven. Suvanno Mahathera</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey, <i>Introduction to Buddhism</i>, p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">André Bareau, <i>Les Sectes bouddhiques du Petit Véhicule</i>, École Française d'Extrême-Orient, Saigon, 1955, pp. 212–223: the top of p. 212 says: "Here are the theses of the Theravadins of the Mahavihara"; then begins a numbered list of doctrines over the following pages, including on p. 223: "There are only five destinies ... the kalakanjika asuras have the same colour, same nourishment, same foods, same lifespan as the petas, with whom ... they marry. As for the Vepacittiparisa, they have the same colour, same nourishment, same foods, same lifespan as the gods, with whom they marry." (Translated from the French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Macmillan <i>Encyclopedia of Buddhism</i>. Vol. 1, p. 377</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Connected Discourses of the Buddha. A Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya, Bhikkhu Bodhi, Translator. Wisdom Publications.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAjahn_Sucitto201087-88-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAjahn_Sucitto201087-88_29-0">27.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAjahn_Sucitto201087-88_29-1">27.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAjahn_Sucitto2010">Ajahn Sucitto 2010</a>, p. 87-88.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFAjahn_Sucitto2010 (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Kategorya:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGethin199882-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGethin199882_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGethin1998">Gethin 1998</a>, p. 82.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFGethin1998 (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Kategorya:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Armstrong77-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Armstrong77_31-0">29.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Armstrong77_31-1">29.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Armstrong, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nhat Hahn, Thich, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roth-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Roth_33-0">31.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Roth_33-1">31.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRoth,_Beth" class="citation journal cs1">Roth, Beth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513160133/http://www.tricycle.com/online-exclusive/family-dharma-bedtime-ritual">"Family Dharma: A Bedtime Ritual"</a>. <i>Tricycle</i>. Tricycle Foundation. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tricycle.com/online-exclusive/family-dharma-bedtime-ritual">orihinal</a> noong 2012-05-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">11 Enero</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tricycle&rft.atitle=Family+Dharma%3A+A+Bedtime+Ritual&rft.au=Roth%2C+Beth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tricycle.com%2Fonline-exclusive%2Ffamily-dharma-bedtime-ritual&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFChodron,_Pema2002" class="citation book cs1">Chodron, Pema (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/1570629218/"><i>The Places that Scare You: A Guide to Fearlessness in Difficult Times</i></a>. Shambhala via Amazon Look Inside. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/1-57062-921-8" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/1-57062-921-8"><bdi>1-57062-921-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Places+that+Scare+You%3A+A+Guide+to+Fearlessness+in+Difficult+Times&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Shambhala+via+Amazon+Look+Inside&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-57062-921-8&rft.au=Chodron%2C+Pema&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2F1570629218%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/bs-s15.htm">"Unit Six: The Four Immeasurables"</a>. Buddha Dharma Education Association & Buddhanet.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unit+Six%3A+The+Four+Immeasurables&rft.pub=Buddha+Dharma+Education+Association+%26+Buddhanet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddhanet.net%2Fe-learning%2Fbuddhism%2Fbs-s15.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/pbs2_unit06.htm">"Unit Six: Loving-Kindness"</a>. Buddha Dharma Education Association & Buddhanet<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">10 Enero</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unit+Six%3A+Loving-Kindness&rft.pub=Buddha+Dharma+Education+Association+%26+Buddhanet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddhanet.net%2Fe-learning%2Fbuddhism%2Fpbs2_unit06.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viewonbuddhism.org/immeasurables_love_compassion_equanimity_rejoicing.html">"A View on Buddhism: The Four Immeasurables"</a>. Rudy Harderwijk (viewonbuddhism.org)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">11 Enero</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+View+on+Buddhism%3A+The+Four+Immeasurables&rft.pub=Rudy+Harderwijk+%28viewonbuddhism.org%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fviewonbuddhism.org%2Fimmeasurables_love_compassion_equanimity_rejoicing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kohn, <i>Shambhala</i>, pp. 131, 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeffrey Po, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.4ui.com/eart/172eart1.htm">"Is Buddhism a Pessimistic Way of Life?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090418205358/http://www.4ui.com/eart/172eart1.htm">Naka-arkibo</a> 2009-04-18 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rahula-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rahula_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRahula1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walpola_Rahula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walpola Rahula (hindi pa naisusulat)">Rahula, Walpola</a> (1959). "Chapter 2". <i>What the Buddha Taught</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grove_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grove Press (hindi pa naisusulat)">Grove Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-8021-3031-3" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-8021-3031-3"><bdi>0-8021-3031-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2&rft.btitle=What+the+Buddha+Taught&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=0-8021-3031-3&rft.aulast=Rahula&rft.aufirst=Walpola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prebish-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-prebish_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFPrebish1993" class="citation book cs1">Prebish, Charles (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000preb"><i>Historical Dictionary of Buddhism</i></a>. The Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-8108-2698-4" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-8108-2698-4"><bdi>0-8108-2698-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Buddhism&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-8108-2698-4&rft.aulast=Prebish&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio0000preb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-keown-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-keown_41-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFKeown2003" class="citation book cs1">Keown, Damien (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofbudd0000keow"><i>Dictionary of Buddhism</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (hindi pa naisusulat)">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-19-860560-9" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-19-860560-9"><bdi>0-19-860560-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Buddhism&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-19-860560-9&rft.aulast=Keown&rft.aufirst=Damien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofbudd0000keow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thanissaro Bhikkhu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/notself.html"><i>The Not-Self Strategy</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130204143159/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/bmc1/../../../../lib/authors/thanissaro/notself.html">Naka-arkibo</a> 2013-02-04 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., See Point 3 – The Canon quote Thanissaro Bhikkhu draws attention to is the <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.002.than.html#ayoniso">Sabbasava Sutta</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">This twelve nidana scheme can be found, for instance, in multiple discourses in chapter 12 of the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samyutta_Nikaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samyutta Nikaya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Samyutta Nikaya</a></i>—<i>Nidana Vagga</i> (e.g., see SN 12.2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn12/sn12.002.than.html">Thanissaro, 1997a)</a>. Other "applications" of what might be termed "mundane dependent origination" include the nine-nidana scheme of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digha_Nikaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digha Nikaya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Digha Nikaya</a></i> 15 (e.g., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/dn/dn.15.0.than.html">Thanissaro, 1997b)</a> and the ten-nidana scheme of <i>Samyutta Nikaya</i> 12.65 (e.g., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn12/sn12.065.than.html">Thanissaro, 1997c).</a> So-called "transcendental dependent origination" (also involving twelve nidanas) is described in <i>Samyutta Nikaya</i> 12.23 (e.g., see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/bodhi/wheel277.html">Bodhi, 1995).</a> In addition, Digha Nikaya 15 describes an eleven-nidana scheme (starting with "feeling") that leads to interpersonal suffering ("the taking up of sticks and knives; conflicts, quarrels, and disputes; accusations, divisive speech, and lies").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey, Introduction to Buddhism, page 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey, Introduction to Buddhism, p. 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey, Introduction to Buddhism, p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey, Introduction to Buddhism, p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey, Introduction to Buddhism, p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christian Lindtner, <i>Master of Wisdom.</i> Dharma Publishing 1997, p. 324.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Lusthaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Lusthaus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dan Lusthaus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acmuller.net/yogacara/articles/intro-uni.htm">"What is and isn't Yogacara"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131216190312/http://www.acmuller.net/yogacara/articles/intro-uni.htm">Naka-arkibo</a> 2013-12-16 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, Paul. <i>Buddhist Thought.</i> Routledge 2000, page 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>raga</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3:1:489.pali">Pali-English Dictionary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130808011301/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3:1:489.pali">Naka-arkibo</a> 2013-08-08 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., The Pali Text Society</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>dosa</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.1:1:2598.pali">Pali-English Dictionary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130808004842/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.1:1:2598.pali">Naka-arkibo</a> 2013-08-08 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., The Pali Text Society</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>moha</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3:1:229.pali">Pali-English Dictionary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130808003418/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3:1:229.pali">Naka-arkibo</a> 2013-08-08 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., The Pali Text Society</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hawkins, pp. 40, 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gombrich-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gombrich_56-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard F. Gombrich, <i>How Buddhism Began</i>, Munshiram Manoharlal, 1997, p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey, p. 170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heisig-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Heisig_58-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zen Buddhism: A History (India and China)</i> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Dumoulin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Dumoulin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Heinrich Dumoulin</a>, James W. Heisig, Paul F. Knitter (page 22)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barbara Stoler Miller, <i>Yoga: Discipline of Freedom: the Yoga Sutra Attributed to Patanjali; a Translation of the Text, with Commentary, Introduction, and Glossary of Keywords.</i> University of California Press, 1996, page 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Wynne, <i>The Origin of Buddhist Meditation</i>. Routledge, 2007, page 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Wynne, <i>The Origin of Buddhist Meditation</i>. Routledge, 2007, page 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Carrithers, <i>The Buddha.</i> Taken from <i>Founders of Faith</i>, published by Oxford University Press, 1986, page 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Wynne, <i>The origin of Buddhist meditation.</i> Routledge, 2007, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-westernbuddhistreview.com-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-westernbuddhistreview.com_64-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dharmacarini Manishini, <i>Western Buddhist Review.</i> Accessed at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.westernbuddhistreview.com/vol4/kamma_in_context.html">http://www.westernbuddhistreview.com/vol4/kamma_in_context.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130808043640/http://www.westernbuddhistreview.com/vol4/kamma_in_context.html">Naka-arkibo</a> 2013-08-08 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Gombrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Gombrich (hindi pa naisusulat)">Richard Gombrich</a>, <i>Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo.</i> Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1988, page 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Johannes Bronkhorst, <i>The Two Traditions of Mediation in Ancient India.</i> Franz Steiner Verlag Weisbaden GmbH, pages 1-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Randall Collins, <i>The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change.</i> Harvard University Press, 2000, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=2HS1DOZ35EgC&pg=PA177&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0#PPA199,M1">page 199</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBhikku,_Thanissaro2001" class="citation web cs1">Bhikku, Thanissaro (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/refuge.html#goi">"Refuge"</a>. <i>An Introduction to the Buddha, Dhamma, & Sangha</i>. Access to Insight.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Buddha%2C+Dhamma%2C+%26+Sangha&rft.atitle=Refuge&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Bhikku%2C+Thanissaro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accesstoinsight.org%2Flib%2Fauthors%2Fthanissaro%2Frefuge.html%23goi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Middle-Length Discourses of the Buddha</i>, tr. Nanamoli, rev. Bodhi, Wisdom Publications, 1995, pp. 708f</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Professor C.D. Sebastian, <i>Metaphysics and Mysticism in Mahayana Buddhism</i>, Sri Satguru Publications, Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica Series No. 238, Delhi, 2005, p. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Professor C.D. Sebastian, <i>Metaphysics and Mysticism in Mahayana Buddhism</i>, Delhi, 2005, p. 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hiroshi Kanno, <i>Huisi's Perspective on the Lotus Sutra as Seen Through the Meaning of the Course of Ease and Bliss in the Lotus Sutra</i>, p. 147, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iop.or.jp/0414/kanno2.pdf">http://www.iop.or.jp/0414/kanno2.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719125258/http://www.iop.or.jp/0414/kanno2.pdf">Naka-arkibo</a> 2011-07-19 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., consulted 5 Pebrero 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stewart McFarlane in Peter Harvey, ed., <i>Buddhism.</i> Continuum, 2001, page 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stewart McFarlane in Peter Harvey, ed., <i>Buddhism.</i> Continuum, 2001, pages 195-196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFMorganLawton2007" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, Peggy; Lawton, Clive A., mga pat. (2007). <i>Ethical Issues in Six Religious Traditions</i> (ika-2nd (na) edisyon). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 62–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-7486-2330-3" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-7486-2330-3"><bdi>978-0-7486-2330-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethical+Issues+in+Six+Religious+Traditions&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=62-63&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-2330-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Gombrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Gombrich (hindi pa naisusulat)">Richard Gombrich</a>, <i>Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo.</i> Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1988, page 89. He is quoting Carrithers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Alan Wallace, <i>Contemplative Science.</i> Columbia University Press, 2007, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Welch, <i>Practice of Chinese Buddhism</i>, Harvard, 1967, p. 396</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Harvey, <i>An Introduction to Buddhism.</i> Cambridge University Press, 1990, page 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Damien Keown, Charles S Prebish, editors, <i>Encyclopedia of Buddhism</i>. Routledge, 2007. p. 502</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sarah Shaw, <i>Buddhist Meditation: An Anthology of Texts from the Pāli Canon</i>. Routledge, 2006, page 13. Shaw also notes that discourses on meditation are addressed to "bhikkhave", but that in this context the terms is more generic than simply (male) "monks" and refers to all practitioners, and that this is confirmed by Buddhaghosa.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Charles S. Prebish (in his <i>Historical Dictionary of Buddhism</i>, Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi, 1993, p. 287): "Although a variety of Zen 'schools' developed in Japan, they all emphasize Zen as a teaching that does not depend on sacred texts, that provides the potential for direct realization, that the realization attained is none other than the Buddha nature possessed by each sentient being ...".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Prebish comments (op. cit., p. 244): "It presumes that <i>sitting in meditation itself</i> (i.e. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zazen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zazen (hindi pa naisusulat)">zazen</a></i>) is an expression of Buddha nature." The method is to detach the mind from conceptual modes of thinking and perceive Reality directly. Speaking of Zen in general, Buddhist scholar Stephen Hodge writes (<i>Zen Masterclass</i>, Godsfield Press, 2002, pp. 12–13): "... practitioners of Zen believe that Enlightenment, the awakening of the Buddha-mind or Buddha-nature, is our natural state, but has been covered over by layers of negative emotions and distorted thoughts. According to this view, Enlightenment is not something that we must acquire a bit at a time, but a state that can occur instantly when we cut through the dense veil of mental and emotional obscurations."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<i>Critical Sermons on the Zen Tradition</i>, Hisamatsu Shin'ichi, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2002, <i>passim</i>) Commenting on Rinzai Zen and its Chinese founder, Linji, Hisamatsu states: "Linji indicates our true way of being in such direct expressions as 'True Person' and 'True Self'. It is independent of words or letters and transmitted apart from scriptural teaching. Buddhism doesn't really need scriptures. It is just our direct awakening to Self ..." (Hisamatsu, op. cit., p. 46).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kosho Uchiyama, <i>Opening the Hand of Thought: Approach to Zen</i>, Penguin Books, New York, 1993, p. 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey, <i>Introduction</i>, pp. 165f</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, <i>Mahayana Buddhism</i>, Routledge, 1st ed., 1989, p. 185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Routledge <i>Encyclopedia of Buddhism</i>, p. 781 .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tarn, <i>The Greeks in Bactria and India</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Linssen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Linssen (hindi pa naisusulat)">Robert Linssen</a>, <i>Zen living</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Clement of Alexandria "The Stromata, or Miscellanies" Book I, Chapter XV: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/clement-stromata-book1.html">http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/clement-stromata-book1.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a>|<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stromata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stromata (hindi pa naisusulat)">Stromata</a></i> (<i>Miscellanies</i>), Book I, Chapter XV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Durant2011-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Durant2011_93-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFWill_Durant2011" class="citation book cs1">Will Durant (7 Hunyo 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ru4LPyMAxxkC&pg=PT711"><i>Our Oriental Heritage: The Story of Civilization</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. pp. 711–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-1-4516-4668-9" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-1-4516-4668-9"><bdi>978-1-4516-4668-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">27 Agosto</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Oriental+Heritage%3A+The+Story+of+Civilization&rft.pages=711-&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2011-06-07&rft.isbn=978-1-4516-4668-9&rft.au=Will+Durant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dru4LPyMAxxkC%26pg%3DPT711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maguire-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Maguire_94-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFMaguire2001" class="citation book cs1">Maguire, Jack (2001). <i>Essential Buddhism</i>. Simon and Schuster. pp. 159–160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-671-04188-6" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-671-04188-6"><bdi>0-671-04188-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential+Buddhism&rft.pages=159-160&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-671-04188-6&rft.aulast=Maguire&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">XV,1,73 Strabo at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dio_Cassius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dio Cassius (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dio Cassius</a> (liv, 9)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Elledge CD. Life After Death in Early Judaism. Mohr Siebeck Tilbringen 2006 <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/316148875X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-16-148875-X</a> pp122-125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bentley240-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bentley240_97-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBentley1992" class="citation book cs1">Bentley, Jerry H. (1992). <i>Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 240. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-19-507640-0" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-19-507640-0"><bdi>978-0-19-507640-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cross-Cultural+Contacts+and+Exchanges+in+Pre-Modern+Times&rft.pages=240&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507640-0&rft.aulast=Bentley&rft.aufirst=Jerry+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABudismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">His accounts are quoted by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Porphyry_(philosopher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porphyry (philosopher) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Porphyry</a> (De abstin., iv, 17 <sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_Porphyry"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismo#endnote_Porphyry">[1]</a></sup>) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stobaeus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stobaeus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Stobaeus</a> (Eccles., iii, 56, 141).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thundy2-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Thundy2_99-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Buddha and Christ</i> by Zacharias P. Thundy (1 Enero 1993) <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/9004097414" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9004097414</a> pages 206-208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thundy-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Thundy_100-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Buddha and Christ</i> by Zacharias P. Thundy (1 Enero 1993) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/9004097414" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/9004097414">9004097414</a> pages 244-245</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Kinuha sa "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budismo&oldid=2095956">https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budismo&oldid=2095956</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya" title="Natatangi:Mga kategorya">Kategorya</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorya:Lahat_ng_mga_alitan_sa_kawastuhan_(Oktubre_2012)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorya:Lahat ng mga alitan sa kawastuhan (Oktubre 2012) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lahat ng mga alitan sa kawastuhan (Oktubre 2012)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Budismo" title="Kategorya:Budismo">Budismo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_pananampalataya,_tradisyon,_at_kilusang_panrelihiyon" title="Kategorya:Mga pananampalataya, tradisyon, at kilusang panrelihiyon">Mga pananampalataya, tradisyon, at kilusang panrelihiyon</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Nakatagong kategorya: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategorya:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">CS1 maint: date auto-translated</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_mga_may-akda" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda">CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Harv_and_Sfn_no-target_errors" title="Kategorya:Harv and Sfn no-target errors">Harv and Sfn no-target errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Kategorya:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Portal_templates_with_all_redlinked_portals" title="Kategorya:Portal templates with all redlinked portals">Portal templates with all redlinked portals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Portal-inline_template_with_redlinked_portals" title="Kategorya:Portal-inline template with redlinked portals">Portal-inline template with redlinked portals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Lahat_ng_mga_alitan_sa_kawastuhan" title="Kategorya:Lahat ng mga alitan sa kawastuhan">Lahat ng mga alitan sa kawastuhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_artikulong_naglalaman_ng_Sinaunang_Griyego" title="Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Sinaunang Griyego">Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Sinaunang Griyego</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Huling pagbabago: 15:11, 12 Pebrero 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Magagamit ang teksto sa ilalim ng <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Lisensyang Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike</a>; maaaring mailapat ang karagdagang termino. 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