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href="/wiki/Spezial:Zuf%C3%A4llige_Seite" title="Chargiar ina pagina casuala. [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Artitgel casual</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-participation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-participation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa participar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Agid:Cuntegn" title="Qua chattas agid."><span>Agid</span></a></li><li id="n-Prims-pass" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Agid:Prims_pass"><span>Prims pass</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Letzte_%C3%84nderungen" title="La glista da las ultimas midadas en la wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ultimas midadas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pagina_principala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-rm.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.25em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-rm.svg" width="120" height="15" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.9375em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spezial:Suche" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Intercurir Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Tschertgar</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Tschertgar Wikipedia" aria-label="Tschertgar Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Intercurir Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spezial:Suche"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Tschertgar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Utensils persunals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Erscheinungsbild"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Änderung des Aussehens der Schriftgröße, -breite und -farbe der Seite" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Erscheinungsbild" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Erscheinungsbild</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_rm.wikipedia.org&uselang=rm" class=""><span>Donaziuns</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Benutzerkonto_anlegen&returnto=Tschechia&returntoquery=section%3D50%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Wir ermutigen dich dazu, ein Benutzerkonto zu erstellen und dich anzumelden. Es ist jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich." class=""><span>Crear in conto d'utilisader</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Anmelden&returnto=Tschechia&returntoquery=section%3D50%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="I fiss bun sche ti s'annunziassas, ti na stos dentant betg. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>T'annunziar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Weitere Optionen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utensils persunals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utensils persunals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Benutzermenü" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_rm.wikipedia.org&uselang=rm"><span>Donaziuns</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Benutzerkonto_anlegen&returnto=Tschechia&returntoquery=section%3D50%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Wir ermutigen dich dazu, ein Benutzerkonto zu erstellen und dich anzumelden. Es ist jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear in conto d'utilisader</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Anmelden&returnto=Tschechia&returntoquery=section%3D50%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="I fiss bun sche ti s'annunziassas, ti na stos dentant betg. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>T'annunziar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Seiten für abgemeldete Benutzer <a href="/wiki/Agid:Einf%C3%BChrung" aria-label="Erfahre mehr über das Bearbeiten"><span>Weitere Informationen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Beitr%C3%A4ge" title="Eine Liste der Bearbeitungen, die von dieser IP-Adresse gemacht wurden [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribuziuns</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Diskussionsseite" title="Discussiun davart modificaziuns che derivan da questa adressa dad IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pagina da discussiun da questa IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Website"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Anfang</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Populaziun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Populaziun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Populaziun</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Populaziun-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Populaziun umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Populaziun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religiuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religiuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Religiuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religiuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Statistica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Las_pli_grondas_citads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Las_pli_grondas_citads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Las pli grondas citads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Las_pli_grondas_citads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Num_dal_pajais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Num_dal_pajais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Num dal pajais</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Num_dal_pajais-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Num dal pajais umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Num_dal_pajais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-En_lingua_tscheca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#En_lingua_tscheca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>En lingua tscheca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-En_lingua_tscheca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-En_autras_linguas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#En_autras_linguas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>En autras linguas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-En_autras_linguas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istorgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Istorgia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istorgia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Istorgia umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istorgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Da_la_preistorgia_al_temp_medieval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Da_la_preistorgia_al_temp_medieval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Da la preistorgia al temp medieval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Da_la_preistorgia_al_temp_medieval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_dinastia_dals_Přemyslids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_dinastia_dals_Přemyslids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>La dinastia dals Přemyslids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_dinastia_dals_Přemyslids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domini_dals_Luxemburgais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domini_dals_Luxemburgais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Domini dals Luxemburgais</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domini_dals_Luxemburgais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il_moviment_dals_hussits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_moviment_dals_hussits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Il moviment dals hussits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_moviment_dals_hussits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il_domini_dals_Jagellons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_domini_dals_Jagellons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Il domini dals Jagellons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_domini_dals_Jagellons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il_temp_da_regenza_dals_Habsburgais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_temp_da_regenza_dals_Habsburgais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Il temp da regenza dals Habsburgais</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_temp_da_regenza_dals_Habsburgais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Guerra_da_trent’onns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guerra_da_trent’onns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.1</span> <span>Guerra da trent’onns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guerra_da_trent’onns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renaschientscha_naziunala_dals_Tschecs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renaschientscha_naziunala_dals_Tschecs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.2</span> <span>Renaschientscha naziunala dals Tschecs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renaschientscha_naziunala_dals_Tschecs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tschecoslovachia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tschecoslovachia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Tschecoslovachia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tschecoslovachia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tranterguerras_e_Segunda_Guerra_mundiala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tranterguerras_e_Segunda_Guerra_mundiala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.1</span> <span>Tranterguerras e Segunda Guerra mundiala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tranterguerras_e_Segunda_Guerra_mundiala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fin_da_la_Segunda_Guerra_mundiala_e_realsocialissem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fin_da_la_Segunda_Guerra_mundiala_e_realsocialissem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.2</span> <span>Fin da la Segunda Guerra mundiala e realsocialissem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fin_da_la_Segunda_Guerra_mundiala_e_realsocialissem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primavaira_da_Prag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primavaira_da_Prag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.3</span> <span>Primavaira da Prag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primavaira_da_Prag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_Revoluziun_da_vali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Revoluziun_da_vali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.4</span> <span>La Revoluziun da vali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Revoluziun_da_vali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republica_Tscheca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republica_Tscheca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Republica Tscheca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republica_Tscheca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Politica umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sistem_politic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistem_politic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sistem politic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistem_politic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lingua_uffiziala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lingua_uffiziala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Lingua uffiziala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lingua_uffiziala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divisiun_administrativa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divisiun_administrativa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Divisiun administrativa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divisiun_administrativa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polizia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polizia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Polizia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polizia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Militar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Militar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Militar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Economia umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Svilup_istoric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Svilup_istoric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Svilup istoric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Svilup_istoric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia_da_l’exteriur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia_da_l’exteriur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Economia da l’exteriur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economia_da_l’exteriur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Industria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Energia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agricultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agricultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Agricultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agricultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cifras-clav_economicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cifras-clav_economicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Cifras-clav economicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cifras-clav_economicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bilantscha_dal_stadi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilantscha_dal_stadi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Bilantscha dal stadi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilantscha_dal_stadi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Infrastructura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Infrastructura umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vias_da_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vias_da_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Vias da transit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vias_da_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traffic_da_viafier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traffic_da_viafier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Traffic da viafier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traffic_da_viafier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aviatica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviatica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Aviatica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviatica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traffic_sin_l’aua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traffic_sin_l’aua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Traffic sin l’aua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traffic_sin_l’aua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traffic_en_las_citads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traffic_en_las_citads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Traffic en las citads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traffic_en_las_citads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vias_da_velos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vias_da_velos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Vias da velos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vias_da_velos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medias_e_telecommunicaziun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medias_e_telecommunicaziun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Medias e telecommunicaziun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medias_e_telecommunicaziun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Furmaziun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Furmaziun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Furmaziun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Furmaziun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Cultura umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architectura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architectura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Architectura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architectura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_figurativ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_figurativ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Art figurativ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_figurativ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Litteratura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Musica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuschina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuschina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Cuschina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuschina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dis_da_festa_e_tradiziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dis_da_festa_e_tradiziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Dis da festa e tradiziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dis_da_festa_e_tradiziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annotaziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annotaziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Annotaziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annotaziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratura_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratura_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Litteratura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratura_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colliaziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colliaziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Colliaziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colliaziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tschechia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Zu einem Artikel in einer anderen Sprache gehen. Verfügbar in 279 Sprachen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-279" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">279 Sprachen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Чехиа – abchasian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Чехиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abchasian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8kia" title="Cèkia – aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Cèkia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Чехие – adygai" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Чехие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjeggi%C3%AB" title="Tsjeggië – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tsjeggië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – tudestg svizzer" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tudestg svizzer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B8%E1%8A%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="ቸኪያ – amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቸኪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – Amisisch" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Checa" title="Republica Checa – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica Checa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Aecland" title="Ċecland – englais vegl" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ċecland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="englais vegl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesika" title="Chesika – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Chesika" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="चेक रिपब्लिक – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चेक रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83" title="جمهورية التشيك – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية التشيك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AB%DC%9D%DC%9F" title="ܬܫܝܟ – arameic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܫܝܟ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83" title="التشيك – Marokkanisches Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="التشيك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkanisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تشيكيا – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشيكيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="চেক গণৰাজ্য – assami" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চেক গণৰাজ্য" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chequia" title="Chequia – asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chequia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceska" title="Ceska – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Ceska" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="चेक रिपब्लिक – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="चेक रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexya_Ripublika" title="Chexya Ripublika – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Chexya Ripublika" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87exiya" title="Çexiya – aserbeidschanic" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çexiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbeidschanic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="چک جومهوریتی – Südaserbaidschanisch" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چک جومهوریتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="Südaserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – baschkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik_C%C3%A9ko" title="Républik Céko – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Républik Céko" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechei" title="Tschechei – Bairisch" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tschechei" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bairisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cek%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Čekėjė – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Čekėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsekya" title="Tsekya – Zentralbikolano" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tsekya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Zentralbikolano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чэхія – bieloruss" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чэхія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruss" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чэхія – Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чэхія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8ki" title="Cèki – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Cèki" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="चेक रिपब्लिक – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चेक रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jek_Ripablik" title="Jek Ripablik – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jek Ripablik" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="ཅེ་ཁེ། – tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཅེ་ཁེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchekia" title="Tchekia – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tchekia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka – bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Češka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Чехи Улас – Russisches Burjatisch" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Чехи Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russisches Burjatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tx%C3%A8quia" title="Txèquia – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Txèquia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chequia" title="Chequia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Chequia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C4%95k-k%C3%A1ik" title="Ciĕk-káik – Min Dong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ciĕk-káik" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Min Dong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Чехи – tschetschen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Чехи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tschetschen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasod_nga_Czech" title="Nasod nga Czech – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nasod nga Czech" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia – chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Chekia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A4%E1%8E%A9_%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%9A%E1%8E%A9" title="ᏤᎩ ᏍᎦᏚᎩ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏤᎩ ᏍᎦᏚᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="کۆماری چیک – curd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆماری چیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecch%C3%ACa" title="Cecchìa – cors" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cecchìa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="cors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ehiya" title="Çehiya – tirc crimean" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çehiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tirc crimean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesko" title="Česko – tschec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Česko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tschec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czesk%C3%B4_Rep%C3%B9blika" title="Czeskô Repùblika – kaschubic" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Czeskô Repùblika" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kaschubic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%94%D1%88%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Чєшьско – slav da baselgia" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Чєшьско" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slav da baselgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Чех Республики – tschuvasch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чех Республики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tschuvasch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiecia" title="Tsiecia – kimric" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsiecia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjekkiet" title="Tjekkiet – danais" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tjekkiet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – tudestg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tudestg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çekya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ceska" title="Česka – bass sorb" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Česka" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="bass sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="चेक गणतन्त्र – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="चेक गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%97%DE%AC%DE%86%DE%B0_%DE%96%DE%AA%DE%89%DE%B0%DE%80%DE%AB%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%94%DE%A7" title="ޗެކް ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ – maledivic" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޗެކް ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maledivic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B" title="ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་ – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τσεχία – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσεχία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic – englais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="englais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88e%C4%A5io" title="Ĉeĥio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉeĥio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="República Checa – spagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República Checa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ehhi" title="Tšehhi – eston" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tšehhi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eston" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txekia" title="Txekia – basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txekia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAbrica_Checa" title="Repúbrica Checa – Extremadurisch" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Repúbrica Checa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%DA%A9" title="جمهوری چک – persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری چک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cekiya" title="Cekiya – fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Cekiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="empfohlener Artikel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ekki" title="Tšekki – finlandais" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tšekki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsehhi_Vabariik" title="Tsehhi Vabariik – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tsehhi Vabariik" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekkia" title="Kekkia – feroais" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kekkia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A9quie" title="Tchéquie – franzos" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tchéquie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franzos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A8quia" title="Tchèquia – Frankoprovenzalisch" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tchèquia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Frankoprovenzalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – fris dal nord" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="fris dal nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cechie" title="Cechie – friulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cechie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechje" title="Tsjechje – fris" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsjechje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSeic" title="An tSeic – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSeic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ehiya" title="Çehiya – Gagausisch" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Çehiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagausisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9piblik_tch%C3%A8k" title="Répiblik tchèk – Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Répiblik tchèk" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_t-Seic" title="An t-Seic – gaelic scot" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An t-Seic" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic scot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="República Checa – galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República Checa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9_%D9%9A_%D8%AC%D8%A4%D9%85%DB%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="چک ٚ جؤمۊري – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="چک ٚ جؤمۊري" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9kia" title="Chékia – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Chékia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="झेक प्रजासत्ताक – Goa-Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="झेक प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goa-Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – gotic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9D%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF" title="ઝેક ગણરાજ્ય – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઝેક ગણરાજ્ય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%C3%87heck" title="Yn Çheck – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çheck" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazech" title="Kazech – haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kazech" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhia%CC%8Dp-khiet" title="Chhia̍p-khiet – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhia̍p-khiet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiekia" title="Tiekia – hawaian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Tiekia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%94" title="צ'כיה – ebraic" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'כיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="चेक गणराज्य – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चेक गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka – croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Češka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C4%9Bska" title="Čěska – aut sorb" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Čěska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="aut sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repiblik_Tch%C3%A8k" title="Repiblik Tchèk – creol haitian" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Repiblik Tchèk" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creol haitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csehorsz%C3%A1g" title="Csehország – ungarais" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csehország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Չեխիա – armen" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չեխիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Չեխիա – Westarmenisch" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Չեխիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Westarmenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Chec" title="Republica Chec – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Republica Chec" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko – indonais" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ceko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchekia" title="Tchekia – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tchekia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Chekia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siakia" title="Siakia – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Siakia" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_a_Tseka" title="Republika a Tseka – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Republika a Tseka" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chekia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9kkland" title="Tékkland – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tékkland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_Ceca" title="Repubblica Ceca – talian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B3" title="チェコ – giapunais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チェコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapunais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chek_Ripoblik" title="Chek Ripoblik – Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Chek Ripoblik" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tcesk.zei_gubyseltru" title="tcesk.zei gubyseltru – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tcesk.zei gubyseltru" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik_C%C3%A9ko" title="Républik Céko – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Républik Céko" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ჩეხეთი – georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩეხეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexiya" title="Chexiya – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Chexiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cik" title="Čik – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Čik" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Чехиэ – kabardic" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Чехиэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%9B%C9%9Bk%C9%A9" title="Cɛɛkɩ – Kabiyé" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Cɛɛkɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiyé" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%CC%B1pobi%CC%B1lik_Cek" title="Ri̱pobi̱lik Cek – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ri̱pobi̱lik Cek" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_tch%C3%A8que" title="République tchèque – kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="République tchèque" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – casac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="casac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80" title="ឆែក – cambodschan" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឆែក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambodschan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಜೆಕ್ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೆಕ್ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%BD%94" title="체코 – corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체코" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ческо – Komi-Permjakisch" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ческо" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permjakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – karachay-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya – curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çekya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Chek" title="Pow Chek – cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Chek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – kirghis" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cechia" title="Cechia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cechia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repuvlika_Cheka" title="Repuvlika Cheka – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Repuvlika Cheka" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechesch_Republik" title="Tschechesch Republik – luxemburgais" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tschechesch Republik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – Lakisch" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txesco" title="Txesco – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Txesco" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Tsjechië – limburgais" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tsjechië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbrica_Ceca" title="Repubbrica Ceca – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Repubbrica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Ceca" title="Republica Ceca – Ladinisch" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Republica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cechia" title="Cechia – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cechia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekia" title="Shekia – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Shekia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດເຊັກກີ – laot" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດເຊັກກີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cekija" title="Čekija – lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čekija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cekeja" title="Čekeja – Lettgallisch" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Čekeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Lettgallisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehija" title="Čehija – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čehija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko – madurais" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Ceko" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Ceko" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Чехмастор – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Чехмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsekia" title="Tsekia – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tsekia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Чехий – Ostmari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Чехий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Ostmari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%ABekia" title="Tīekia – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tīekia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ceko" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чешка – macedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чешка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ചെക്ക് റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചെക്ക് റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85" title="Чех – mongolic" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чех" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯓꯦꯛ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯓꯦꯛ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="चेक प्रजासत्ताक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चेक प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Czech" title="Republik Czech – malaic" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Czech" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Aekja" title="Ċekja – maltais" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ċekja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="República Checa – mirandais" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="República Checa" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ချက်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချက်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Чехия Мастор – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чехия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9_(%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1)" title="چک (کشور) – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چک (کشور)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbreca_Ceca" title="Repubbreca Ceca – neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Repubbreca Ceca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – bass tudestg" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bass tudestg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechie" title="Tsjechie – Niedersächsisch" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Tsjechie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Niedersächsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="चेक गणतन्त्र – nepalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चेक गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="चेक गणतन्त्र – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चेक गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Tsjechië – ollandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsjechië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ollandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkia" title="Tsjekkia – norvegiais nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tsjekkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiais nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkia" title="Tsjekkia – norvegais bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tsjekkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegais bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Chekia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A9quie" title="Tchéquie – Normannisch" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Tchéquie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Normannisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzi%C5%82ts%CA%BC%C3%B3%C3%B3z%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Dziłtsʼóózí Dineʼé Bikéyah – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dziłtsʼóózí Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic – nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca" title="Republica Chèca – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica Chèca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ceehii" title="Čeehii – Olonetzisch" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Čeehii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Olonetzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheekiyaa" title="Cheekiyaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Cheekiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9A%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D_%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F" title="ଚେକ୍ ଗଣରାଜ୍ୟ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଚେକ୍ ଗଣରାଜ୍ୟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Чехи – ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чехи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਚੈੱਕ ਗਣਰਾਜ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੈੱਕ ਗਣਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsekya" title="Tsekya – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Tsekya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikang_Tseku" title="Republikang Tseku – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Republikang Tseku" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A8kie" title="Tchèkie – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tchèkie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschecherei" title="Tschecherei – Pennsylvaniadeutsch" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Tschecherei" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvaniadeutsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – Pfälzisch" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Pfälzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="चेक रिपब्लिक – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="चेक रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekya" title="Chekya – Pitcairn-Englisch" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Chekya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechy" title="Czechy – polac" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czechy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blica_Ceca" title="Repùblica Ceca – Piemontesisch" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Repùblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piemontesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="چیک لوکراج – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چیک لوکراج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τσεχία – Pontisch" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Τσεχία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="چک جمهوریت – paschto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چک جمهوریت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paschto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9quia" title="Chéquia – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chéquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiksuyu" title="Chiksuyu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chiksuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexiya" title="Chexiya – Vlax-Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Chexiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax-Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cehia" title="Cehia – rumen" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cehia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cehia" title="Cehia – aromunic" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Cehia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromunic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbleche_Ceche" title="Repubbleche Ceche – Tarandíne" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Repubbleche Ceche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarandíne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – russ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Чесько – Russinisch" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чесько" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Russinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cekiya" title="Cekiya – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Cekiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D" title="जेक् रिपब्लिक् – sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जेक् रिपब्लिक्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Чиэхийэ – jakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чиэхийэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blica_Ceca" title="Repùblica Ceca – sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Repùblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%C3%B9bblica_Ceca" title="Ripùbblica Ceca – sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ripùbblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic – scot" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%DA%AA_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="چيڪ جمهوريا – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چيڪ جمهوريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehkkia" title="Čehkkia – sami dal nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Čehkkia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami dal nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka – serbo-croat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Češka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagdudant_n_Tcik" title="Tagdudant n Tcik – tachelit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tagdudant n Tcik" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B6%E1%80%BB%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="မိူင်းၶျႅၵ်ႈ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၶျႅၵ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BA" title="චෙක් ජනරජය – singalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චෙක් ජනරජය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesko" title="Česko – slovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Česko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka – sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Češka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripapelika_o_Sieki" title="Ripapelika o Sieki – samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Ripapelika o Sieki" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ekki" title="Tšekki – sami inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tšekki" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheki" title="Cheki – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Cheki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuuriyadda_Jek" title="Jamhuuriyadda Jek – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jamhuuriyadda Jek" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_%C3%87eke" title="Republika Çeke – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Republika Çeke" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чешка – serb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чешка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekikondre" title="Tsjekikondre – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Tsjekikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekhi" title="Shekhi – swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Shekhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – sotho dal sid" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sotho dal sid" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – Saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9ko" title="Céko – sundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Céko" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjeckien" title="Tjeckien – svedais" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tjeckien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucheki" title="Ucheki – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ucheki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czesko_Republika" title="Czesko Republika – Schlesisch (Wasserpolnisch)" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Czesko Republika" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Schlesisch (Wasserpolnisch)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="செக் குடியரசு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செக் குடியரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="చెక్ గణతంత్రం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చెక్ గణతంత్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblika_Xeka" title="Repúblika Xeka – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Repúblika Xeka" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศเช็กเกีย – tailandais" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเช็กเกีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ehi%C3%BDa" title="Çehiýa – turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Çehiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikang_Tseko" title="Republikang Tseko – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Republikang Tseko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cexij%C9%99" title="Cexijə – Talisch" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Cexijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepupelika_Seki" title="Lepupelika Seki – tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lepupelika Seki" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sek_Ripablik" title="Sek Ripablik – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Sek Ripablik" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya – tirc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çekya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tirc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tieti" title="Tieti – tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Tieti" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%90%D8%AE_%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%89" title="چېخ جۇمھۇرىيەتى – uiguric" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="چېخ جۇمھۇرىيەتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чехія – ucranais" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чехія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucranais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="چیک جمہوریہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چیک جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexiya" title="Chexiya – usbec" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chexiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blega_Ceca" title="Repùblega Ceca – Venetisch" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Repùblega Ceca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehanma" title="Čehanma – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Čehanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9c" title="Séc – vietnamais" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Séc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Tsjechië – Westflämisch" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Tsjechië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Westflämisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsyeg%C3%A4n" title="Tsyegän – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tsyegän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchekeye" title="Tchekeye – vallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tchekeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czekya" title="Czekya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Czekya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9ewum_Cek" title="Réewum Cek – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Réewum Cek" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="捷克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Чехмудин Орн – kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Чехмудин Орн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ჩეხეთი – Mingrelisch" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩეხეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%99" title="טשעכיי – jiddic" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טשעכיי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%E1%BA%B9%CC%81k%C3%AC_Ol%C3%B3m%C3%ACnira" title="Tsẹ́kì Olómìnira – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tsẹ́kì Olómìnira" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciethaek" title="Ciethaek – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ciethaek" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjehhi%C3%AB" title="Tsjehhië – Seeländisch" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Tsjehhië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Seeländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克 – chinais" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="捷克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克 – Klassisches Chinesisch" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="捷克" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassisches Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesko" title="Chesko – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chesko" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="捷克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITsheki" title="ITsheki – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ITsheki" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q213#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifitgar las colliaziuns tar autras linguas" class="wbc-editpage">Modifitgar colliaziuns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ord Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="rm" dir="ltr"><table class="prettytable float-right" align="right" width="330"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD;"><font size="+1"><b>Republica Tscheca</b></font><br /> <p><b>Česká republika</b><font size="-1"> (tschec)</font><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="100%" class="nogrid"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" width="50%" style="background-color:transparent; border:none"> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="background-color:transparent; border:none; width:50%; font-size:90%; text-align: center"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1171" data-file-height="1403" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none; width:50%; font-size:90%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border:none; width:50%; font-size:90%; text-align: center"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Lingua uffiziala</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Lingua_tscheca" title="Lingua tscheca">tschec</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Chapitala</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Prag" title="Prag">Prag</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Furma da stadi</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">republica parlamentara </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Furma da regenza</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">democrazia parlamentara </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Schef da stadi</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milo%C5%A1_Zeman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miloš Zeman (n'exista betg)">Miloš Zeman</a> (president) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Schef da la regenza</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr_Fiala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petr Fiala (n'exista betg)">Petr Fiala</a> (primminister) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Surfatscha</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">78 866 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Abitants</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">10 578 820 <small>(2016)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Spessezza</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">134 abitants per km² </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Munaida</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">curuna tscheca </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Fundaziun</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">1. da schaner 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Imni naziunal</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><i>Kde domov můj</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Di da festa naziunala</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">28 d’october </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Zona d'urari</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">UTC+1 MEZ<br />UTC+2 MESZ (da mars fin october) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Numer da l'auto</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">CZ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>TLD d'internet</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">.cz </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Preselecziun</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">+420 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color:#f2f2f4;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:EU-Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EU-Czech_Republic.svg/330px-EU-Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EU-Czech_Republic.svg/495px-EU-Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EU-Czech_Republic.svg/660px-EU-Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller; vertical-align:top; background-color:#f2f2f4;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Ez-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Ez-map.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="355" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>La <b>Tschechia</b> (tschec <i>Česko</i>), uffizialmain Republica Tscheca (tschec <i>Česká republika</i>), è in stadi da l’<a href="/wiki/Europa_Centrala" title="Europa Centrala">Europa Centrala</a> cun radund 10,6 milliuns abitants (2016). Il pajais sa cumpona da las regiuns istoricas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boemia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boemia (n'exista betg)">Boemia</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moravia (n'exista betg)">Moravia</a> sco er da parts da la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silesia (n'exista betg)">Silesia</a>. En il vest cunfinescha la Tschechia cun la <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>, en il nord cun la <a href="/wiki/Pologna" title="Pologna">Pologna</a>, en l’ost cun la <a href="/wiki/Slovachia" title="Slovachia">Slovachia</a> ed en il sid cun l’<a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>. La chapitala furma la metropola <a href="/wiki/Prag" title="Prag">Prag</a>; ulteriuras citads grondas èn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brno (n'exista betg)">Brno</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostrava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ostrava (n'exista betg)">Ostrava</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plze%C5%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plzeň (n'exista betg)">Plzeň</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberec (n'exista betg)">Liberec</a> ed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olomouc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olomouc (n'exista betg)">Olomouc</a>. La lingua uffiziala dal pajais è il tschec. </p><p>En il 6avel tschientaner èn ils Slavs immigrads en la Boemia, en il 7avel tschientaner è il territori daventà ina part dal Reginavel da Samo. A l’entschatta dal 9avel tschientaner èn ils Tschecs vegnids superads dals Francs ed integrads en il <a href="/wiki/Reginavel_francon" class="mw-redirect" title="Reginavel francon">Reginavel francon</a>, vers la fin dal millenni han els fatg part per curt temp dal Reginavel da la Moravia. Il stadi boem (tschec) unì è sa furmà en il 10avel tschientaner sut la dinastia dals Přemyslids, en il 11avel tschientaner è il Contadi da la Moravia vegnì subordinà a la Boemia ed il 1085 è suandada la fundaziun dal Reginavel da la Boemia. Entaifer il <a href="/wiki/Sontg_Imperi_roman" title="Sontg Imperi roman">Sontg Imperi roman</a> aveva quel in status spezial; sut ils Přemyslids e Luxemburgais ha el dominà vastas parts da l’Europa continentala. En rom da l’avanzament dals Habsburgais e da la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_da_trent%27onns" title="Guerra da trent'onns">Guerra da trent'onns</a> è il territori daventà ina part da la monarchia da Habsburg ed è restà lià a quella fin la fin da l’<a href="/wiki/Emprima_Guerra_mundiala" title="Emprima Guerra mundiala">Emprima Guerra mundiala</a> e la dissoluziun da l’Austria-Ungaria. </p><p>Il 1918 è suandada la fundaziun da la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschecoslovachia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tschecoslovachia (n'exista betg)">Tschecoslovachia</a>. La primavaira 1939 ha la Germania naziunalsocialistica occupà e dividì quella. La <a href="/wiki/Slovachia" title="Slovachia">Slovachia</a> è daventada in stadi per sai, entant che la part tscheca è vegnida transfurmada en il protectorat Boemia e Moravia. L’onn 1945 ha l’Armada cotschna liberà ed occupà il pajais cun sustegn da l’armada d’exil da la Tschecoslovachia. L’onn 1948, en rom da l’uschenumnà Culp da Prag, ha la Partida communistica (KSČ) surpiglià la pussanza. Sco stadi satellit da l’<a href="/wiki/Uniun_sovietica" title="Uniun sovietica">Uniun sovietica</a> è il pajais daventà ina part dal bloc da l’ost e commember dal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patg_da_Varsovia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patg da Varsovia (n'exista betg)">Patg da Varsovia</a>. Il 1968 han truppas dal Patg da Varsovia abattì il moviment da refurma da la Primavaira da Prag. Il 1989, suenter la Revoluziun da vali, è vegnida restabilida sut <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A1clav_Havel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Václav Havel (n'exista betg)">Václav Havel</a> la democrazia. La Republica Tscheca odierna è naschida il prim da schaner 1993 sco in dals dus stadis successurs da la Tschecoslovachia. L’onn 1999, otg onns suenter la schliaziun dal Patg da Varsovia, è il stadi daventà commember da la <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> ed il prim da matg 2004 è el entrà en l’Uniun europeica. </p><p>La Tschechia furma in stadi industrial; ses product naziunal brut per persuna cuntanscha la pli auta valur da tut ils anteriurs commembers dal Cussegl per agid economic vicendaivel. Tenor il Human Development Index sa chattava il pajais il 2016 sin plazza 28. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifitgar secziun: Geografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Geografia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Sn%C4%9B%C5%BEka_a_Ob%C5%99%C3%AD_d%C5%AFl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sn%C4%9B%C5%BEka_a_Ob%C5%99%C3%AD_d%C5%AFl.jpg/200px-Sn%C4%9B%C5%BEka_a_Ob%C5%99%C3%AD_d%C5%AFl.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sn%C4%9B%C5%BEka_a_Ob%C5%99%C3%AD_d%C5%AFl.jpg/300px-Sn%C4%9B%C5%BEka_a_Ob%C5%99%C3%AD_d%C5%AFl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sn%C4%9B%C5%BEka_a_Ob%C5%99%C3%AD_d%C5%AFl.jpg/400px-Sn%C4%9B%C5%BEka_a_Ob%C5%99%C3%AD_d%C5%AFl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1046" /></a><figcaption>Sněžka al cunfin cun la Pologna – la pli auta muntogna dal pajais</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Prav%C4%8Dick%C3%A1_br%C3%A1na_(Prebischtor)_-_by_Pudelek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Prav%C4%8Dick%C3%A1_br%C3%A1na_%28Prebischtor%29_-_by_Pudelek.jpg/200px-Prav%C4%8Dick%C3%A1_br%C3%A1na_%28Prebischtor%29_-_by_Pudelek.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Prav%C4%8Dick%C3%A1_br%C3%A1na_%28Prebischtor%29_-_by_Pudelek.jpg/300px-Prav%C4%8Dick%C3%A1_br%C3%A1na_%28Prebischtor%29_-_by_Pudelek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Prav%C4%8Dick%C3%A1_br%C3%A1na_%28Prebischtor%29_-_by_Pudelek.jpg/400px-Prav%C4%8Dick%C3%A1_br%C3%A1na_%28Prebischtor%29_-_by_Pudelek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3608" data-file-height="2405" /></a><figcaption>Pravčická brána al cunfin cun la Germania</figcaption></figure> <p>Topograficamain sa cumpona la Tschechia da plirs gronds batschigls; quels vegnan mintgamai circumdads e sutdividids tras muntognas. </p><p>Il pajais cunfinescha en il vest e nordvest cun la <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> (810 km), en il nord cun la <a href="/wiki/Pologna" title="Pologna">Pologna</a> (762 km), en l’ost e sidost cun la <a href="/wiki/Slovachia" title="Slovachia">Slovachia</a> (252 km) ed en il sid cun l’<a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> (466 km). </p><p>Al sidvest da la Tschechia sa chatta il Guaud da la Boemia (1000 fin 1400 m), en il nordvest las Muntognas Metallicas (cun il Klínovec, 1244 m) ed en il nord las Sudetas, las qualas cuntanschan en las Muntognas dals Gigants cun il Sněžka in’autezza da 1602 m. Al sidost da las Muntognas Metallicas sa derasan d’omaduas varts da l’Elba (tschec: Labe) las Muntognas mesaunas da la Boemia. </p><p>La Boemia e la Moravia èn divididas ina da l’autra tras l’Autezza boemian-morava (600 fin 800 m). La part orientala da la Moravia fa gia part da l’Avantterren da las Carpatas ed en il sid appartegna ella al Batschigl da Vienna. Ses cunfin oriental vers la Slovachia furman las Muntognas Beschidas e Carpatas Alvas sco er la Morava; be il cunfin meridiunal vers l’Austria Bassa consista per gronda part d’in flum, numnadamain da la Thaya ch’è segnada da vasts meanders. </p><p>Ils batschigls che caracteriseschan la cuntrada da la Tschechia èn fitg fritgaivels. Uschia è la Boemia enconuschenta sco pajais da producziun da biera e la Moravia è segnada da la viticultura. </p><p>La Tschechia è situada en la zona temprada. La temperatura media annuala munta a 7,9 °C. Ils envierns èn miaivels (favrer: 0,5 °C), las stads betg fitg chaudas (zercladur: 18,6 °C). Las precipitaziuns annualas muntan a Prag 508 mm; valurs in pau pli bassas datti en regiuns protegidas dal vent sco p.ex. en l’ost resp. sidost dal Guaud da la Boemia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Populaziun">Populaziun</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifitgar secziun: Populaziun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Populaziun"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Bev%C3%B6lkerungspyramide_Tschechien_2016.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bev%C3%B6lkerungspyramide_Tschechien_2016.png/190px-Bev%C3%B6lkerungspyramide_Tschechien_2016.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bev%C3%B6lkerungspyramide_Tschechien_2016.png/285px-Bev%C3%B6lkerungspyramide_Tschechien_2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bev%C3%B6lkerungspyramide_Tschechien_2016.png/380px-Bev%C3%B6lkerungspyramide_Tschechien_2016.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Piramida da la populaziun dal 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>L’avrigl 2014 dumbrava la Tschechia 10 517 400 abitants (1950: 8,9; 1970: 9,8; 1990: 10,3 miu.). Tar la dumbraziun dal pievel da l’onn 2001 furmavan ils Tschecs la pli gronda gruppa cun 90,5 %, suandads dals Moravs cun 3,7 % e dals Slovacs cun naziunalitad tscheca cun 1,9 %. Fin il 1980 na vegniva betg fatg la differenza tranter Tschecs e Moravs. D’inditgar la Moravia sco naziunalitad vegn resguardà sco expressiun patriotica; il 1991, tar l’emprima dumbraziun, han anc 13,2 % da la populaziun inditgà d’esser Morav. </p><p>Quasi tar tut las minoritads etnicas croda il dumber da la populaziun: ils Polonais furman anc radund 0,5 %, ils Tudestgs 0,4 % da la populaziun totala.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La cumpart dals Roma percunter è probablamain bundant pli auta che quai ch’i resulta da la dumbraziun dal pievel. Ins stima che radund 250 000 fin 300 000 Roma vivian en la Tschechia<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, quai che muntass ina quota da populaziun da radund 3 %. Blers Roma vivan en regiuns perifericas dal pajais ed en quartiers da citads grondas segnads da structuras socialas pli flaivlas. Per differents motivs (schientscha naziunala pauc sviluppada, discriminaziun, identificaziun sco Tschecs) tendeschan blers dad els d’inditgar autras etnias en rom da las dumbraziuns dal pievel. </p><p>La cumpart da las persunas da l’exteriur è creschida cuntinuadamain dapi l’onn 2000 ed è sa dublegiada fin il 2008 sin 410 000. Tut en tut vivevan il 2008 en il pajais 3,9 % esters. Malgrà l’augment sa chatta questa valur anc adina cleramain sut la media europeica. La pli gronda gruppa entaifer ils esters furman ils Ucranais cun 1,21 %, suandads dals Slovacs (0,67 %), Vietnamais (0,54 %), Russ (0,24 %), Polonais (0,2 %) e Tudestgs (0,17 %). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religiuns">Religiuns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifitgar secziun: Religiuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Religiuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:2014_Praga,_katedra_%C5%9Bw._Wita.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/2014_Praga%2C_katedra_%C5%9Bw._Wita.jpg/140px-2014_Praga%2C_katedra_%C5%9Bw._Wita.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/2014_Praga%2C_katedra_%C5%9Bw._Wita.jpg/210px-2014_Praga%2C_katedra_%C5%9Bw._Wita.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/2014_Praga%2C_katedra_%C5%9Bw._Wita.jpg/280px-2014_Praga%2C_katedra_%C5%9Bw._Wita.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1980" data-file-height="3518" /></a><figcaption>Katedrála sv. Víta a Prag</figcaption></figure> <p>Tenor la dumbraziun dal pievel dal 2011 èn 10,3 % da la populaziun da confessiun catolic-romana e 0,9 % protestants. 3,2 % appartegnan ad ulteriuras gruppas religiusas (15 000 testimonis da Jehova, 10 000 muslims, 7000 budists, 5000 gidieus). 45,2 % da la populaziun na fan però nagin’indicaziun areguard lur religiun ed ulteriurs 6,7 % inditgeschan d’esser cartents senza appartegnair ad ina confessiun specifica. Ina particularitad furma la baselgia ortodoxa; suenter la dissoluziun da la Tschecoslovachia ha quella mantegnì ses territori oriund, uschia ch’ella represchenta oz ina cuminanza da cretta binaziunala. Dals bundant 77 000 Tschecs e Slovacs ortodoxs l’onn 2001 eran bundant 23 000 da naziunalitad tscheca. </p><p>In impurtant di da festa dals cristians furma ils 5 da fanadur. Quel di vegn regurdà a l’arrivada dals apostels slavs Kyrillos e Methodios en la Gronda Moravia l’onn 862. </p><p>Fin il 2013 è la gronda part dal possess da las baselgias – ch’era vegnì exproprià suenter la <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_mundiala" title="Segunda Guerra mundiala">Segunda Guerra mundiala</a> – vegnì restituì. Persuenter han ins sbassà las subvenziuns statalas a favur da las baselgias. </p><p>Tenor in’enquista represchentativa dal 2005 han 19 % dals umans en Tschechia inditgà da crair en Dieu e 50 % in pau pli general en ina forza spirituala. 30 % han declerà da crair ni en in Dieu ni en ina forza spirituala e 4 % eran indecis.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statistica">Statistica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifitgar secziun: Statistica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Statistica"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’aspectativa da vita ha muntà il 2015 a 78,2 onns (umens: 75,1 onns; dunnas: 81,2 onns). 15,0 % da la populaziun appartegnevan a la gruppa da vegliadetgna da 0 fin 14 onns; 66,5 % a la gruppa da 15–64 onns e 18,5 % a la gruppa sur 65 onns. La creschientscha demografica ha cumpiglià il 2015 0,1 %, la rata da fertilitad 1,5 naschientschas per dunna. </p><p>La gronda part dals Tschecs abitan en atgnas immobiglias: il 2008 vivevan radund 40 % en lur atgna chasa e 20 % dals tegnairchasa en lur atgna abitaziun. 23 % abitavan sco locataris, ulteriurs 12 % en abitaziuns da societads cooperativas. Il 1995 vivevan be 2 % en atgnas abitaziuns, il 2005 eran quai gia 18 %. Entaifer il medem spazi da temp è la cumpart dals tegnairchasa che vivevan en locaziun crudà da 40 sin 25 %. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Las_pli_grondas_citads">Las pli grondas citads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifitgar secziun: Las pli grondas citads" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Las pli grondas citads"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:PragueCityscape.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PragueCityscape.JPG/170px-PragueCityscape.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PragueCityscape.JPG/255px-PragueCityscape.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PragueCityscape.JPG/340px-PragueCityscape.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Prag</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:V%C3%BDhled_ze_Star%C3%A9_radnice_na_Petrov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/V%C3%BDhled_ze_Star%C3%A9_radnice_na_Petrov.jpg/170px-V%C3%BDhled_ze_Star%C3%A9_radnice_na_Petrov.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/V%C3%BDhled_ze_Star%C3%A9_radnice_na_Petrov.jpg/255px-V%C3%BDhled_ze_Star%C3%A9_radnice_na_Petrov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/V%C3%BDhled_ze_Star%C3%A9_radnice_na_Petrov.jpg/340px-V%C3%BDhled_ze_Star%C3%A9_radnice_na_Petrov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Brno</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:V%C3%BDhled_z_Nove_radnice_na_kostel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/V%C3%BDhled_z_Nove_radnice_na_kostel.jpg/170px-V%C3%BDhled_z_Nove_radnice_na_kostel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/V%C3%BDhled_z_Nove_radnice_na_kostel.jpg/255px-V%C3%BDhled_z_Nove_radnice_na_kostel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/V%C3%BDhled_z_Nove_radnice_na_kostel.jpg/340px-V%C3%BDhled_z_Nove_radnice_na_kostel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2847" /></a><figcaption>Ostrava</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:View_St_Bartholomew_Plzen_125.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/View_St_Bartholomew_Plzen_125.JPG/170px-View_St_Bartholomew_Plzen_125.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/View_St_Bartholomew_Plzen_125.JPG/255px-View_St_Bartholomew_Plzen_125.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/View_St_Bartholomew_Plzen_125.JPG/340px-View_St_Bartholomew_Plzen_125.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Plzeň</figcaption></figure> <p>Radund 75 % dals abitants da la Tschechia vivan en citads. Tenor la situaziun dal 2010 avevan las pli grondas citads dal pajais il suandant dumber d’abitants: </p> <ul><li>Praha (Prag) 1 249 026</li> <li>Brno 371 399</li> <li>Ostrava 306 006</li> <li>Plzeň 169 935</li> <li>Liberec 101 625</li> <li>Olomouc 100 362</li> <li>Ústí nad Labem 95 436</li> <li>České Budějovice 94 865</li> <li>Hradec Králové 94 493</li> <li>Pardubice 90 778</li> <li>Havířov 82 896</li> <li>Zlín 75 714</li> <li>Kladno 69 938</li> <li>Most 67 518</li> <li>Karviná 61 948</li> <li>Frýdek-Místek 58 582</li> <li>Opava 58 440</li> <li>Děčín 52 260</li> <li>Karlovy Vary 51 320</li> <li>Jihlava 51 222</li> <li>Teplice 51 208</li> <li>Chomutov 49 795</li> <li>Ústecký 51 007</li> <li>Přerov 46 254</li> <li>Jablonec nad Nisou 45 328</li> <li>Prostějov 45 324</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Num_dal_pajais">Num dal pajais</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifitgar secziun: Num dal pajais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Num dal pajais"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="En_lingua_tscheca">En lingua tscheca</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifitgar secziun: En lingua tscheca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: En lingua tscheca"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>‹Čechy› è il pled tschec per Boemia; quel vegn per part er duvrà a moda simplifitganta per l’entira Tschechia, inclusiv la Moravia e la Silesia. Ils adjectivs ‹tschec› e ‹boem›/‹boemian› sa cloman a moda identica ‹český›. Tenor ina ditga è Čech stà il bab fundatur dal pievel dals Tschecs. </p><p>‹Česko› è la furma curta tscheca dal num uffizial ‹Česká republika›. Il term è documentà dapi il 1777. Avant il 1992 è el però vegnì duvrà be darar (danor en circuls d’experts e sco equivalent da ‹Slovensko› (‹<a href="/wiki/Slovachia" title="Slovachia">Slovachia</a>›) en las discussiuns politicas enturn il 1918 e 1968. Cumbain che quest term è cuntegnì en ils vocabularis uffizials ed en glistas da terminologia, n’era el strusch en diever en la publicitad e valeva sco arcaic. Dapi l’independenza statala sa fa questa furma curta però valair adina dapli. Il 2004 ha il senat tschec cusseglià da duvrar supplementarmain a Česká republika er la furma Česko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="En_autras_linguas">En autras linguas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifitgar secziun: En autras linguas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: En autras linguas"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sco il tudestg enconuscha er il rumantsch duas denominaziuns dal pajais: ‹Tschechien› – ‹Tschechia› [<i>tschéchia</i>] e ‹Tschechei› – ‹Tschechia› [<i>tschechìa</i>]. Quest’ultima furma è marcada en il Pledari grond sco varianta istorica.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Las proximas expectoraziuns s’orienteschan al svilup da la terminologia tudestga, valan analog però er per il rumantsch. </p><p>La denominaziun ‹Tschechei› è vegnida duvrada dapi la furmaziun da la Tschecoslovachia il 1918. Ina derasaziun pli vasta da quest term, sper ‹Boemia›, sa lascha constatar a partir dals onns 1930. A medem temp è la noziun pli veglia ‹Tschechien› quasi vegnida dal tuttafatg ord diever. Oz posseda il term ‹Tschechei› però ina connotaziun negativa pervi da ses diever dal temp dal naziunalsocialissem (oravant tut en connex cun da la designaziun ‹Rest-Tschechei›). Surtut la generaziun pli veglia en Tschechia collia il term cun il temp dal naziunalsocialissem. </p><p>En vista a la divisiun da la Tschecoslovachia il prim da schaner 1993 ha stuì vegnir chattada ina nova denominaziun uffiziala tudestga per il nov stadi. Resguardond ils arguments descrits survart ha ina cumissiun uffiziala, sustegnida da linguists tudestgs ed austriacs, proponì ‹Tschechien›. Dapi lura è da chattar en ovras da consultaziun tudestgas be pli ‹Tschechien› sco furma curta da ‹Tschechische Republik›, entant che la furma ‹Tschechei› è oz plitost nunusitada.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorgia">Istorgia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifitgar secziun: Istorgia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Istorgia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Da_la_preistorgia_al_temp_medieval">Da la preistorgia al temp medieval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifitgar secziun: Da la preistorgia al temp medieval" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=10" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Da la preistorgia al temp medieval"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Vestonicka_venuse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Vestonicka_venuse.jpg/140px-Vestonicka_venuse.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Vestonicka_venuse.jpg/210px-Vestonicka_venuse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Vestonicka_venuse.jpg/280px-Vestonicka_venuse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption>Venus da Dolní Věstonice</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Karte_M%C3%A4hrerreich_Svatopluk_I.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Karte_M%C3%A4hrerreich_Svatopluk_I.png/180px-Karte_M%C3%A4hrerreich_Svatopluk_I.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Karte_M%C3%A4hrerreich_Svatopluk_I.png/270px-Karte_M%C3%A4hrerreich_Svatopluk_I.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Karte_M%C3%A4hrerreich_Svatopluk_I.png/360px-Karte_M%C3%A4hrerreich_Svatopluk_I.png 2x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="994" /></a><figcaption>Cunfins da la Gronda Moravia sut Svatopluk I</figcaption></figure> <p>La preschientscha d’umans dal temp paleolitic pli vegl sa lascha be supponer. Tar ils chats da guaffens ils pli vegls è il status sco artefacts contestà. Dal temp paleolitic mesaun èn enconuschents guaffens che vegnan attribuids al <i>Homo erectus</i> sco er taunas e champs dal neandertaler. Il paleolitic tardiv è l’èra dals umans da Cro-Magnon. Ils pli enconuschents relicts dal paleoliticum stattan en connex cun la cultura dals chatschaders da mamuts da Gravettian; lur temp da fluriziun croda en ils onns 29 000–24 000 a.C. ed è surtut collià cun lieus da chat moravs sco Dolní Věstonice.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Da 5300 fin 4500 a.C. è documentada ina vasta colonisaziun neolitica. A la fin dal neoliticum tardiv è la cheramica da cordas represchentada cun plirs gronds champs da fossas en la Boemia dal Nord; en pli la cultura da cups en furma da zains. Dal temp da bronz è surtut da numnar la cultura d’Unetice. Igl èn suandadas la cultura da crests-fossa e la cultura da santeris cun urnas. Dal temp da Latène ha il pievel celtic dals Boians colonisà parts da la Tschechia odierna; dal num latin da quels, <i>Boiohaemum</i>, deriva il num ‹Boemia›. Als Celts èn suandads a l’entschatta da l’emprim tschientaner s.C. pievels germans, ils Marcomans en la Boemia ed ils Quads en la Moravia. Dal temp da la migraziun dals pievels laschan fastizs archeologics e funtaunas istoricas supponer ch’il territori saja vegnì depopulà. Vers l’onn 550 èn immigrads Slavs che derivavan probablamain da la regiun situada a l’ost dal Dnjepr. La furma da lur domini sco ch’ella ha existì tranter il 623 ed il 658 è vegnida enconuschenta sco Reginavel da Samo. Da 768 fin 814 ha la Boemia probablamain fatg part da la sfera d’influenza francona sut <a href="/wiki/Carl_il_Grond" title="Carl il Grond">Carl il Grond</a>. </p><p>Il pli tard durant l’emprim terz dal 9avel tschientaner è sa furmà sut prinzi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mojmir_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mojmir I (n'exista betg)">Mojmir I</a> il Reginavel dals Moravs; ad el èn suandads ils prinzis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rastislav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rastislav (n'exista betg)">Rastislav</a> l’onn 846 e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Svatopluk_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svatopluk I (n'exista betg)">Svatopluk I</a> l’onn 870. L’onn 864 èn arrivads ils muntgs bizantins Kyrillos e Methodios en la Moravia. Els han fundà la liturgia slava. L’onn 869 è Kyrillos mort, quai ch’ha muntà la fin da la missiun bizantina. Da 888/890 fin 895 ha la Boemia fatg part dal Reginavel dals Moravs. Il 894 è Svatopluk mort; quai ha manà successivamain a la ruina dal Reginavel dals Moravs ed al return a la baselgia e cultura latina da tempra occidentala. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_dinastia_dals_Přemyslids"><span id="La_dinastia_dals_P.C5.99emyslids"></span>La dinastia dals Přemyslids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifitgar secziun: La dinastia dals Přemyslids" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=11" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: La dinastia dals Přemyslids"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’onn 895 ha prinzi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spytihn%C4%9Bv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spytihněv (n'exista betg)">Spytihněv</a> acceptà a Regensburg la predominanza ostrofrancona en il territori da la Boemia. Il 907 è la Moravia definitivamain stada a fin sco reginavel grond. Il 929 (u 935) è il Přemyslid <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A1clav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Václav (n'exista betg)">Václav</a> vegnì assassinà da ses frar Boleslav; dapi lura vegn el venerà sco sontg patrun dal pajais (son Vintschegn). L’onn 973 ha son Wolfgang, l’uvestg da Regensburg, dà ses consentiment a la fundaziun d’in uvestgieu a Prag. L’emprim uvestg è daventà Dětmar, il segund sontg Adalbert (Vojtěch). Il 1003 ha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boleslaw_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boleslaw I (n'exista betg)">Boleslaw I</a> da la Pologna conquistà la Boemia (fin il 1004) e l’onn 1031 è la Moravia vegnida attribuida a la Boemia (e transfurmada il 1882 en in marchesat). Il 1038 è <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C5%99etislav_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Břetislav I (n'exista betg)">Břetislav I</a> da la Boemia penetrà en la Pologna ed ha prendì da Gniezno las reliquias da son Adalbert. </p><p>L’onn 1085 è il Přemyslid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vratislav_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vratislav II (n'exista betg)">Vratislav II</a> vegnì curunà sco emprim retg boemian; il titel correspundent al ha surdà <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich IV (n'exista betg)">Heinrich IV</a>, l’imperatur dal Sontg Imperi roman. En il 12avel e 13avel tschientaner èn immigrads colonisaturs tudestgs en las zonas da cunfin da la Boemia. L’onn 1212 ha l’imperatur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich II (n'exista betg)">Friedrich II</a> concedì al regent boemian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottokar_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottokar I (n'exista betg)">Ottokar I</a> Přemysl l’ereditad dal titel da retg. Dapi quel temp era il Reginavel da la Boemia integrà en il Sontg Imperi roman, disponiva però d’ina vasta autonomia. Ils regents da la Boemia faschevan part dals set prinzis electurs. Sco commember da quest gremi disponiva il retg boemian da grond’influenza politica entaifer l’Imperi. </p><p>Dapi l’onn 1300 ha existi per curt temp in’uniun persunala boemian-polonaisa sut <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A1clav_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Václav II (n'exista betg)">Václav II</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A1clav_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Václav III (n'exista betg)">Václav III</a> (retg titular en Pologna). L’onn 1306 è Václav III vegnì assassinà ad Olomouc, quai ch’ha muntà la fin da la dinastia dals Přemyslids. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domini_dals_Luxemburgais">Domini dals Luxemburgais</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifitgar secziun: Domini dals Luxemburgais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=12" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Domini dals Luxemburgais"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png/200px-Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png/300px-Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png/400px-Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption>Las possessiuns da Karel IV</figcaption></figure> <p>L’onn 1310 ha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_da_Luxemburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann da Luxemburg (n'exista betg)">Johann da Luxemburg</a> (tschec: Jan Lucemburský), il figl da l’imperatur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_VII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich VII (n'exista betg)">Heinrich VII</a>, maridà la princessa boema <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elisabet (n'exista betg)">Elisabet</a> (tschec: Eliška Přemyslovna), la figlia da <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A1clav_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Václav II (n'exista betg)">Václav II</a>, ed è daventà retg da la Boemia. Suenter sia mort en la Battaglia da Crécy al è suandà il 1347 ses figl <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl IV (n'exista betg)">Karl IV</a> sco retg da la Boemia (sco Karel I). L’onn 1348 ha Karl IV fundà a Prag l’emprima universitad al nord da las Alps. </p><p>Il 1355 è Karl IV vegnì curunà a Roma sco imperatur dal Sontg Imperi roman. El ha elegì Prag sco citad residenziala. L’onn 1356 ha Karl IV publitgà la Bulla dad aur che dueva furmar la pli impurtanta ‹constituziun› dal Sontg Imperi roman fin la fin da quel l’onn 1806. Tranter auter han ins reglà en la Bulla dad aur las modalitads da l’elecziun dal retg tudestg-roman tras ils prinzis electurs e da la curunaziun. L’onn 1378 ha Karl IV repartì en ses testament il possess territorial sin ses figls. La part centrala che consistiva dal Reginavel da la Boemia è vegnida attribuida a ses figl <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A1clav_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Václav IV (n'exista betg)">Václav IV</a>, il qual è er daventà retg tudestg. A quel è suandà l’onn 1420 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigismund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigismund (n'exista betg)">Sigismund</a> sco retg da la Boemia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Il_moviment_dals_hussits">Il moviment dals hussits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifitgar secziun: Il moviment dals hussits" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=13" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Il moviment dals hussits"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg/140px-Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg/210px-Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg/280px-Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1943" data-file-height="2953" /></a><figcaption>Jan Hus sin il stgandler</figcaption></figure> <p>L’onn 1415 è il refurmatur da la baselgia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Hus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Hus (n'exista betg)">Jan Hus</a> vegnì condemnà a chaschun dal Concil da Constanza sco ereticher e brischà sin il stgandler. Quai dueva segnar l’ulteriur svilup dal moviment dals hussits. Tranter il 1415 ed il 1434 è la situaziun politica e religiusa en la Boemia stada fermamain sut influenza dals hussits. Suenter pliras sconfittas da sias armadas en la Boemia era la sfera d’influenza dal retg da la Boemia ed Ungaria ed imperatur roman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigismund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigismund (n'exista betg)">Sigismund</a> en ses agen possess ereditar reducì per temps sin regiuns perifericas (t.a. sin la Boemia dal Sid che steva sut il domini da la famiglia aristocrata Rosenberg), sin las duas Lausitzs, la Silesia e parts dal contadi da la Moravia. Ils pli impurtants chaus d’armada dals hussits eran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_%C5%BDi%C5%BEka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Žižka (n'exista betg)">Jan Žižka</a> e suenter sia mort il 1424 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prokop_Hol%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prokop Holý (n'exista betg)">Prokop Holý</a>. Il center dal moviment dals hussits è daventà la citad Tábor. L’ala radicala dal moviment è pir vegnida battida l’onn 1434 en la Battaglia da Lipan. Il 1458 han ils stans boems elegì <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_z_Pod%C4%9Bbrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiří z Poděbrad (n'exista betg)">Jiří z Poděbrad</a> sco retg da la Boemia; el è uschia stà l’emprim retg proto-protestantic da l’Europa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Il_domini_dals_Jagellons">Il domini dals Jagellons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifitgar secziun: Il domini dals Jagellons" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=14" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Il domini dals Jagellons"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Suenter la mort dal retg Jiří z Poděbrad l’onn 1471 èn ils stans boemians sa decidids per la dinastia polonais-lituana dals Jagellons sco novs regents dal Reginavel. L’emprim dad els è stà <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladislav_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladislav II (n'exista betg)">Vladislav II</a>. Il segund regent or da questa dinastia, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludv%C3%ADk_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludvík II (n'exista betg)">Ludvík II</a>, è mort en la Battaglia sper Mohács cunter ils Tircs, la quala è ida a fin cun ina greva terrada da si’armada. Uschia è la curuna da la Boemia e da l’Ungaria puspè stada libra. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Il_temp_da_regenza_dals_Habsburgais">Il temp da regenza dals Habsburgais</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifitgar secziun: Il temp da regenza dals Habsburgais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=15" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Il temp da regenza dals Habsburgais"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dal 1526 fin il 1918 ha il Reginavel da la Boemia, la Tschechia dad oz, appartegnì cun tut ils pajais da la curuna da Václav al domini dals Habsburgais. Ils stans boemians han acceptà il 1526 il Habsburgais <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand I (n'exista betg)">Ferdinand I</a> sco retg da la Boemia. L’onn 1547 è prorutta ina sullevaziun dals stans boemians cunter Ferdinand I. Suenter che quella è stada abattida, han ins proclamà emprimas restricziuns dals privilegis ch’il Reginavel da la Boemia aveva giudì fin qua, senza però tangar la libertad da religiun factica. </p><p>L’onn 1583 è l’imperatur Rudolf II, il biadi da Ferdinand I, tratg cun l’entira curt da Vienna a Prag. Uschia è la chapitala da la Boemia puspè avanzada ad in impurtant center da politica, art e scienza. Il 1609 ha Rudolf II proclamà la brev da maiestad ch’ha concedì libertad da religiun. L’onn 1611, anc dal temp da vita da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf II (n'exista betg)">Rudolf II</a>, ha ses frar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthias (n'exista betg)">Matthias</a> surpiglià la pussanza en il Reginavel da la Boemia. Suenter la mort da Rudolf è Matthias er vegnì elegì il 1612 sco imperatur roman. Dapi lura han las dispitas confessiunalas en la Boemia danovamain piglià fieu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Guerra_da_trent’onns"><span id="Guerra_da_trent.E2.80.99onns"></span>Guerra da trent’onns</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifitgar secziun: Guerra da trent’onns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=16" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Guerra da trent’onns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG/180px-Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG/270px-Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG/360px-Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="930" /></a><figcaption>Defanestraziun da Prag dal 1648</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:The_Battle_of_Prague_in_Bohemia,_6th_May,_1757.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/The_Battle_of_Prague_in_Bohemia%2C_6th_May%2C_1757.png/180px-The_Battle_of_Prague_in_Bohemia%2C_6th_May%2C_1757.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/The_Battle_of_Prague_in_Bohemia%2C_6th_May%2C_1757.png/270px-The_Battle_of_Prague_in_Bohemia%2C_6th_May%2C_1757.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/The_Battle_of_Prague_in_Bohemia%2C_6th_May%2C_1757.png/360px-The_Battle_of_Prague_in_Bohemia%2C_6th_May%2C_1757.png 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption>Battaglia sper Prag ils 6 da matg 1757 tranter la Prussia e l’Austria</figcaption></figure> <p>Cur che la malcuntentientscha cun la politica da l’imperatur envers lur pajais ha cuntanschì il 1618 sia culminaziun, èn plirs represchentants dals stans boemians, ch’eran per gronda part da confessiun protestanta, penetrads en la chanzlia dal chastè da Prag (il Hradschin) ed han bittà or da fanestra dus statalters imperials ed in scrivant. Tuttas trais persunas han survivì l’attentat senza pli grondas blessuras. Quest’uschenumnada Segunda Defanestraziun da Prag ha mess ad ir la sullevaziun boemiana cunter l’imperatur. La sullevaziun dueva furmar il punct da partenza da la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_da_trent%27onns" title="Guerra da trent'onns">Guerra da trent'onns</a> (1618–1648), la quala ha devastà vastas parts da l’Europa e surtut da la <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>. </p><p>L’onn 1619 è mort l’imperatur Matthias. L’avust dal medem onn han ils stans boemians elegì il protestant tudestg <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_von_der_Pfalz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich von der Pfalz (n'exista betg)">Friedrich von der Pfalz</a> sco nov retg da la Boemia. Cur che Friedrich è vegnì curunà l’atun a Prag ed ha elegì questa citad sco sia residenza, è il conflict cun ils Habsburgais daventà ina chaussa da l’Imperi. L’onn 1620 ha gì lieu la Battaglia da la Muntogna Alva sper Prag. Quella è ida a fin cun ina sconfitta decisiva per ils stans da la Boemia e la victoria da l’armada imperiala. </p><p>Friedrich von der Pfalz è fugì or dal pajais (‹retg d’enviern›, perquai ch’el ha be regì durant in enviern). Ils cumandants da la sullevaziun da la Boemia – en tut 27 aristocrats e burgais da Prag, tant da derivanza tscheca sco er tudestga – han ins executà ils 21 da zercladur 1621 sin la plazza da la citad veglia a Prag, intgins dad els a moda crudaivla. Blers protestants, tranter els impurtants represchentants da l’aristocrazia boemiana e da la vita spiertala sco l’uvestg dals frars boemians Johann Amos Comenius, han bandunà il pajais ed elegì l’exil. Lur vasts bains èn vegnids confiscads ed attribuids als aderents da la partida catolica ed ad impurtants chaus d’armada da l’imperatur, sco per exempel Wallenstein. </p><p>Il temp suenter la Battaglia da la Muntogna Alva vegn numnà en l’istoriografia tscheca l’epoca dal <i>temno</i>, il temp da la stgiradetgna. Anc durant la Guerra da trent’onns ha l’imperatur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand II (n'exista betg)">Ferdinand II</a> (1619–1637) chatschà tras ina rigurusa politica da suppressiun cunter ils na-catolics en ses domini, surtut en ils pajais ereditars habsburgais incl. il Reginavel da la Boemia. En ils territoris boemians han ins l’emprim declerà il tudestg sco segunda lingua uffiziala, ma bainspert è il tschec quasi vegnì chatschà dal tuttafatg or dals uffizis ed or dal diever da las elitas. La posiziun statala particulara dal Reginavel da la Boemia entaifer l’Imperi han ins formalmain restrenschì be parzialmain; facticamain è l’independenza dal pajais però vegnida eliminada a lunga vista. Da qua davent e fin il 1918 è il pajais vegnì regnà nà da Vienna, nua che sa chattavan la curt e la regenza imperiala. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Renaschientscha_naziunala_dals_Tschecs">Renaschientscha naziunala dals Tschecs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifitgar secziun: Renaschientscha naziunala dals Tschecs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=17" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Renaschientscha naziunala dals Tschecs"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Bombardov%C3%A1n%C3%AD_Prahy_1848.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bombardov%C3%A1n%C3%AD_Prahy_1848.jpg/200px-Bombardov%C3%A1n%C3%AD_Prahy_1848.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bombardov%C3%A1n%C3%AD_Prahy_1848.jpg/300px-Bombardov%C3%A1n%C3%AD_Prahy_1848.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bombardov%C3%A1n%C3%AD_Prahy_1848.jpg/400px-Bombardov%C3%A1n%C3%AD_Prahy_1848.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption>Artigliaria austriaca drizzada cunter la citad da Prag (1848)</figcaption></figure> <p>Tranter il 1780 ed il 1790 ha l’imperatur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph II (n'exista betg)">Joseph II</a> realisà sias refurmas en il senn da l’absolutissem illuminà (sut il motto: «Tut per il pievel; betg tras il pievel.»). In’impurtanta refurma è per exempel stada la dissoluziun da la serviladad l’onn 1781. </p><p>A partir da la fin dal 18avel tschientaner fin ca. 1885 ha alura gì lieu la renaschientscha naziunala dals Tschecs. Sco reacziun sin il centralissem viennais èn intellectuals s’organisads a partir da la fin dal 18avel tschientaner en il moviment naziunal tschec. Sustegnids da romantichers tudestgs han els pretendì la tgira, la renconuschientscha ed il diever da la lingua tscheca. A quai è suandà il giavisch suenter dapli autonomia politica. Per far valair l’atgna identitad culturala han ins fundà societads scientificas sco Matice česká u Matice moravská ed il moviment da gimnastica Sokol. </p><p>Immediat suenter il congress dals Slavs a Prag il zercladur 1848 è vegnida abattida la Sullevaziun da Tschuncaisma a Prag. Igl ha cumenzà il temp da l’industrialisaziun che dueva far da la Boemia la ‹spina dorsala industriala› da la monarchia dal Danubi. </p><p>Suenter che l’imperatur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Joseph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Joseph (n'exista betg)">Franz Joseph</a> aveva sancziunà cun il patent da Silvester dal 1851 il neoabsolutissem, èn suandadas cun il diplom d’october dal 1860, il patent da favrer da 1861 e la constituziun da december dal 1867 pliras emprovas da procurar als Tschecs tschertas libertads. Ma anc adina sa sentivan els dischavantagiads en congual cun ils Tudestgs ed ils Ungarais. Il Reginavel da la Boemia ha bain existì fin il 1918, ma betg tut ils Habsburgais han fatg la bregia da sa laschar curunar a Prag sco retg boem. Entant ch’igl èn vegnids concedids a l’Ungaria – sco reginavel en uniun persunala cun l’Austria – numerus dretgs naziunals, na dastgavan gnanc cumparair en ils pajais da la curuna boema (Boemia, Moravia, Silesia austriaca) gasettas en lingua tscheca. </p><p>Per stgaffir ina tscherta egualisaziun tranter l’Austria e la Tschechia ha il primminister austriac Badeni mess en vigur il 1897 in’ordinaziun areguard las naziunalitads, tenor la quala tut las vischnancas politicas en la Boemia e Moravia duevan vegnir administradas en duas linguas. Uschia è il tschec avanzà en omadus pajais da la curuna d’ina lingua minoritara ad ina lingua naziunala. Sinaquai han deputads da lingua tudestga bloccà il Cussegl da l’imperi austriac ed il 1899 ha l’ordinaziun areguard las naziunalitads stuì vegnir revocada. Er l’egualisaziun morava dal 1905 n’ha betg cuntanschì in success restant, uschia che la Dieta boema è vegnida schliada il fanadur 1913 tras patent imperial. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tschecoslovachia">Tschecoslovachia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifitgar secziun: Tschecoslovachia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=18" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Tschecoslovachia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Czechoslovakia01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Czechoslovakia01.png/260px-Czechoslovakia01.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Czechoslovakia01.png/390px-Czechoslovakia01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Czechoslovakia01.png/520px-Czechoslovakia01.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>La Tschecoslovachia 1918–1938</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13623,_Tom%C3%A1-_Garrigue_Masaryk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13623%2C_Tom%C3%A1-_Garrigue_Masaryk.jpg/150px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13623%2C_Tom%C3%A1-_Garrigue_Masaryk.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13623%2C_Tom%C3%A1-_Garrigue_Masaryk.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13623%2C_Tom%C3%A1-_Garrigue_Masaryk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13623%2C_Tom%C3%A1-_Garrigue_Masaryk.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13623%2C_Tom%C3%A1-_Garrigue_Masaryk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>T.G. Masaryk, l’emprim president</figcaption></figure> <p>En l’Emprima Guerra mundiala (1914–1918) han ils Tschecs gì da cumbatter da vart da l’Austria. Cunter la monarchia è sa furmada en l’exil in’opposiziun tscheca e slovaca che vegniva manada da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (n'exista betg)">Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk</a>; in grond dumber da Tschecs en l’exil han er sustegnì l’Entente militarmain cunter las Pussanzas centralas. Ils 28 d’october 1918 ha alura gì lieu la fundaziun da la Tschecoslovachia e Masaryk è daventà l’emprim president dal stadi. La Slovachia, ch’era fin qua suttamessa administrativamain a l’Ungaria, è s’associada sut Milan Rastislav Štefánik al nov stadi. Il 1919 ha gì lieu l’adesiun da la Transcarpazia (ch’è crudada il 1946 a l’Uniun sovietica) ed il 1920 da la regiun da Cieszyn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tranterguerras_e_Segunda_Guerra_mundiala">Tranterguerras e Segunda Guerra mundiala</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifitgar secziun: Tranterguerras e Segunda Guerra mundiala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=19" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Tranterguerras e Segunda Guerra mundiala"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dal 1918 fin il 1938 ha existì l’uschenumnada Emprima Republica tschecoslovaca. En quella devi ina ferma minoritad tudestga che furmava la maioritad en las Sudetas. Tar la dumbraziun dal pievel da l’onn 1930 muntava la cumpart da la populaziun da lingua tudestga en l’entir territori da la Tschechia odierna 29,5 %. Ils Tudestgs en la Tschecoslovachia vegnivan represchentads dapi il 1919 tras la Deutsche Nationalpartei. La pli ferma fracziun tudestga entaifer la chombra da deputads a Prag èn però stads tranter il 1920 ed il 1933 ils socialdemocrats tudestgs. Sut lur parsura Ludwig Czech èn els daventads a partir dal 1929 partida guvernamentala. Il 1933 ha Konrad Henlein fundà la Sudetendeutsche Partei (SdP). Cun sustegn da vart da la Germania ha quella adina puspè pretendì per la part dal pajais da lingua tudestga ina vasta autonomia u schizunt la separaziun da quella da la Tschecoslovachia; il Program da Karlovy Vary da la SdP da l’avrigl 1938 ha be anc fatg daventar pli critica la Crisa da las Sudetas. </p><p>Suenter che l’<a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> è vegnida unida cun il Reich tudestg, ha <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> smanatschà d’invader las Sudetas. La <a href="/wiki/Gronda_Britannia" title="Gronda Britannia">Gronda Britannia</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Frantscha" title="Frantscha">Frantscha</a> avevan tenor il Contract da Saint Germain in mandat da protecziun envers la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschecoslovachia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tschecoslovachia (n'exista betg)">Tschecoslovachia</a>. Ultra da quai devi anc ulteriuras allianzas tranter la ČSR e la Frantscha resp. l’<a href="/wiki/Uniun_sovietica" title="Uniun sovietica">Uniun sovietica</a>. Las regenzas da la Frantscha e da la Gronda Britannia èn stadas da l’avis ch’ina guerra smanatschanta possia vegnir evitada cun dar suenter (politica d’appeasement). Senza la participaziun da la regenza tschecoslovaca han <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mussolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mussolini (n'exista betg)">Mussolini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamberlain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chamberlain (n'exista betg)">Chamberlain</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daladier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daladier (n'exista betg)">Daladier</a> suttascrit il settember 1938 la Cunvegna da Minca, tenor la quala la Tschecoslovachia ha stuì surlaschar las Sudetas a la Germania. Ils Tschecs han numnà questa cunvegna il «Dictat da Minca» u il «Tradiment da Minca». Radund in terz dal territori statal è crudà al Reich tudestg. Il prim d’october è sinaquai sa furmada la Segunda Republica federativa. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0813-500,_Deutsche_Truppen_in_Br%C3%BCnn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0813-500%2C_Deutsche_Truppen_in_Br%C3%BCnn.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0813-500%2C_Deutsche_Truppen_in_Br%C3%BCnn.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0813-500%2C_Deutsche_Truppen_in_Br%C3%BCnn.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0813-500%2C_Deutsche_Truppen_in_Br%C3%BCnn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0813-500%2C_Deutsche_Truppen_in_Br%C3%BCnn.jpg/400px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0813-500%2C_Deutsche_Truppen_in_Br%C3%BCnn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>Truppas tudestgas a Brno, 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>Ils 5 d’october 1938 è il president <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edvard_Bene%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edvard Beneš (n'exista betg)">Edvard Beneš</a> sa retratg ed è ì en l’exil en Gronda Britannia. Ses successur è daventà <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_H%C3%A1cha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emil Hácha (n'exista betg)">Emil Hácha</a>. Suenter che truppas tudestgas han occupà ils 15 da mars 1939 la part dal pajais ch’era restada independenta («Rest-Tschechei»), han ins endrizzà il protectorat Boemia e Moravia. E l’Emprima Republica slovaca è daventada in stadi satellit dal Reich tudestg. Il matg 1942 è vegnì commess sin il protectur dal Reich <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Heydrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reinhard Heydrich (n'exista betg)">Reinhard Heydrich</a> in attentat mortal. Sco mesira da retorsiun han ils naziunalsocialists mazzà tut ils abitants dals vitgs Lidice e Ležáky. Durant il temp da l’occupaziun tudestga sa chattavan sin territori tschec il champ da concentraziun Theresienstadt sco er plirs champs exteriurs dal champ da concentraziun Flossenbürg, tranter auter Leitmeritz (Litoměřice). </p><p>Il 1945 è la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschecoslovachia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tschecoslovachia (n'exista betg)">Tschecoslovachia</a> vegnida reconstituida facticamain tras il Program da Košice da la nova regenza sut primminister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zden%C4%9Bk_Fierlinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zdeněk Fierlinger (n'exista betg)">Zdeněk Fierlinger</a>. Truppas americanas, sovieticas e tschecoslovacas han liberà il pajais. La lingia da demarcaziun sin la quala ins era sa cunvegnì en la Decleraziun da Jalta tranter ils territoris administrads dals Stadis Unids e quels sut administraziun sovietica passava per lung las citads da České Budějovice, Plzeň e Karlovy Vary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fin_da_la_Segunda_Guerra_mundiala_e_realsocialissem">Fin da la Segunda Guerra mundiala e realsocialissem</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifitgar secziun: Fin da la Segunda Guerra mundiala e realsocialissem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=20" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Fin da la Segunda Guerra mundiala e realsocialissem"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ils 5 da matg 1945 ha cumenzà la Sullevaziun da Prag cunter la pussanza d’occupaziun tudestga; ils 8 da matg è la Segunda Guerra mundiala stada a fin. Ils 9 da matg èn truppas sovieticas entradas a Prag. President Beneš ha puspè surpiglià la pussanza guvernativa. En rom da la reconstituziun dal stadi han ins relaschà ils uschenumnads Decrets da Beneš. Sper fatgs administrativs usitads reglavan quels er l’expropriaziun da la facultad dals Tudestgs e lur bandischada or da la Tschecoslovachia; suenter la fin da la guerra han ins numnadamain resguardà quels sco «inimis dal stadi». Quest act da vendetga n’è mai vegnì elavurà giuridicamain, è vegnì tabuisà sur lung temp e discutà pir fitg tard en la publicitad. </p><p>Il matg 1946 ha la partida communistica da la Tschecoslovachia (KSČ) gudagnà las elecziuns, ha fatg part da la regenza ed ha – grazia al sustegn da l’Uniun sovietica – pudì far valair ina grond’influenza. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klement_Gottwald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klement Gottwald (n'exista betg)">Klement Gottwald</a> è sinaquai daventà primminister. </p><p>Il favrer 1948 han ils communists alura surpiglià dal tuttafatg il commando. La constituziun è vegnida midada ed il pajais restructurà tenor model sovietic. Emprim uschenumnà «president da lavurants» è daventà <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klement_Gottwald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klement Gottwald (n'exista betg)">Klement Gottwald</a>. Il november 1952 han ins sentenzià <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Slánský (n'exista betg)">Rudolf Slánský</a> ensemen cun indesch ulteriurs accusads a la mort. L’onn 1957 è <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonín Novotný (n'exista betg)">Antonín Novotný</a> daventà president. A la Conferenza da Kafka il 1964 a Liblice è <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Kafka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Kafka (n'exista betg)">Franz Kafka</a> vegnì reabilità. Igl èn sa fatgas valair adina dapli vuschs criticas ch’han clamà suenter refurmas; en rom dal quart congress da scripturs tschecs il zercladur 1967 è questa malaveglia s’exprimida en furma d’ina critica directa envers ils manaders politics dal pajais. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Primavaira_da_Prag">Primavaira da Prag</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifitgar secziun: Primavaira da Prag" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=21" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Primavaira da Prag"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Praga_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Praga_11.jpg/200px-Praga_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Praga_11.jpg/300px-Praga_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Praga_11.jpg/400px-Praga_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Forzas armadas dal Patg da Varsovia occupeschan Prag</figcaption></figure> <p>L’entschatta da schaner 1968 ha il comité central relaschà Novotný da ses uffizi. Nov parsura da la KSČ è daventà <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Dubček (n'exista betg)">Alexander Dubček</a>, president dal stadi il general <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludv%C3%ADk_Svoboda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludvík Svoboda (n'exista betg)">Ludvík Svoboda</a>. L’entschatta da mars han ins dismess la cesura. Igl ha cumenzà l’uschenumnada ‹Primavaira da Prag›, da la quala l’ulteriur svilup dueva sa furmar a moda relativamain spontana. L’avrigl 1968 ha la KSČ sut Alexander Dubček mess en vigur in program d’acziun ch’aveva en mira in «socialissem cun fatscha umana» (libertad da reuniun, admissiun d’interpresas pitschnas, liberaziun da praschuniers politics). </p><p>Ils 21 d’avust 1968 ha cumenzà in’intervenziun militara: truppas sovieticas ed ulteriuras forzas armadas dal Patg da Varsovia han occupà la Tschecoslovachia. En rom da l’occupaziun ha Moscau proclamà la doctrina da Breschnew areguard la «suveranitad limitada dals stadis socialistics». En consequenza da quai èn blers Tschecs emigrads. La proxima etappa politica han ins numnà «normalisaziun». Il prim da schaner 1969 è entrada en vigur la constituziun areguard la federaziun tschecoslovaca; entaifer quella furmava la Republica socialistica tscheca ina da las duas republicas parzialas da la Tschecoslovachia. L’avrigl 1969 è Dubček vegnì remplazza tras <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustáv Husák (n'exista betg)">Gustáv Husák</a> sco secretari general da la KSČ. </p><p>Fatg sensaziun han las arsentadas da sasezs dals students Jan Palach e Jan Zajíc (schaner e favrer 1969) a l’entschatta da la ‹normalisaziun›. </p><p>En il decurs dals proxims onns è la ČSSR daventada in dals pli conservativs stadis commembers dal bloc da l’ost. Il schaner 1977 è sa furmà il moviment da burgais ‹Charta 77›. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_Revoluziun_da_vali">La Revoluziun da vali</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifitgar secziun: La Revoluziun da vali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=22" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: La Revoluziun da vali"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Praha_19891122-419-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Praha_19891122-419-02.jpg/200px-Praha_19891122-419-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Praha_19891122-419-02.jpg/300px-Praha_19891122-419-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Praha_19891122-419-02.jpg/400px-Praha_19891122-419-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="649" /></a><figcaption>Demonstraziuns dal 1989</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:V%C3%A1clav_Havel_cut_out.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/V%C3%A1clav_Havel_cut_out.jpg/150px-V%C3%A1clav_Havel_cut_out.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/V%C3%A1clav_Havel_cut_out.jpg/225px-V%C3%A1clav_Havel_cut_out.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/V%C3%A1clav_Havel_cut_out.jpg 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>Václav Havel (2009)</figcaption></figure> <p>Ils 17 da november 1989 ha la polizia supprimì a moda brutala ina demonstraziun da students, quai ch’ha manà a demonstraziuns cun fin a 750 000 participants. Ils 19 da november 1989 è il moviment da burgais daventà la forza principala entaifer la ‹Revoluziun da vali› en la Tschecoslovachia. Ils 10 da december 1989 ha il president dal stadi Gustáv Husák declerà sia demissiun. </p><p>Ils 28 da december 1989 ha l’assamblea federala elegì <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Dubček (n'exista betg)">Alexander Dubček</a> sco parsura da quella, il di suenter <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A1clav_Havel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Václav Havel (n'exista betg)">Václav Havel</a> sco president da la ČSSR. L’entschatta dals onns 1990 han ins renumnà la Republica socialistica tscheca en Republica Tscheca. Ils 23 d’avrigl 1990 – suenter l’uschenumnada ‹Guerra dal segn da reflexiun› – è la Tschecoslovachia vegnida renumnada en Republica federativa tscheca e slovaca (ČSFR). </p><p>Il zercladur 1990 han gì lieu en la ČSFR las emprimas elecziuns dal parlament libras. Il fanadur 1990 è Václav Havel vegnì elegì sco president da la ČSFR. Il favrer 1991 è la ČSFR daventada commembra dal Cussegl da l’Europa. Il december 1991 ha il pajais suttascrit ina cunvegna d’associaziun a la Communitad europeica. La stad 1992 è l’econom <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A1clav_Klaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Václav Klaus (n'exista betg)">Václav Klaus</a> daventà primminister ed ha accelerà la privatisaziun da l’economia. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladim%C3%ADr_Me%C4%8Diar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimír Mečiar (n'exista betg)">Vladimír Mečiar</a> è daventà primminister da la Slovachia. Cunter la voluntad da la maioritad da la populaziun<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> èn Klaus e Mečiar sa cunvegnids da divider la Tschecoslovachia en dus stadis. Il fanadur 1992 è Havel sa retratg da ses uffizi sco president. Il november 1992 ha il parlament federal approvà la lescha davart la schliaziun da la ČSFR. </p><p>Il december 1992 ha il suveran deliberà la constituziun da la Republica Tscheca sco «stadi da dretg democratic». La Charta dals dretgs e da las libertads fundamentalas, la quala l’assamblea tschecoslovaca aveva mess en vigur suenter la vieuta (schaner 1991), ha la Tschechia surpiglià senza midadas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republica_Tscheca">Republica Tscheca</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modifitgar secziun: Republica Tscheca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=23" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Republica Tscheca"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il prim da schaner 1993 è la Tschecoslovachia vegnida schliada en enclegientscha ed èn vegnidas proclamadas la Republica Tscheca e la Republica Slovaca sco stadis independents. Il favrer 1993 ha gì lieu la saramentaziun dal nov elegì president tschec Václav Havel. Il zercladur 1993 è la Tschechia aderida al <a href="/wiki/Cussegl_da_l%27Europa" title="Cussegl da l'Europa">Cussegl da l'Europa</a>. Il 1995 è suandada l’adesiun a l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisaziun_da_cooperaziun_e_svilup_economic_en_l%27Europa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisaziun da cooperaziun e svilup economic en l'Europa (n'exista betg)">Organisaziun da cooperaziun e svilup economic en l’Europa</a> (OECD) ed il 1999 a la <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>. Il favrer 2003 è Václav Klaus daventà president dal stadi. </p><p>Il prim da matg 2004 è la Republica Tscheca daventada commembra da l’<a href="/wiki/Uniun_europeica" title="Uniun europeica">Uniun europeica</a>. A chaschun d’in referendum avevan avant approvà quest pass 77,3 % dals votants (tar ina participaziun da 55,2 %). Pervi da la Cunvegna da Schengen èn crudadas davent dapi il december 2007 tut las controllas da cunfin vers ils quatter stadis vischins. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politica">Politica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modifitgar secziun: Politica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=24" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Politica"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistem_politic">Sistem politic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modifitgar secziun: Sistem politic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=25" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sistem politic"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Praha,_Poslaneck%C3%A1_sn%C4%9Bmovna_Parlamentu_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_republiky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Praha%2C_Poslaneck%C3%A1_sn%C4%9Bmovna_Parlamentu_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_republiky.jpg/200px-Praha%2C_Poslaneck%C3%A1_sn%C4%9Bmovna_Parlamentu_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_republiky.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Praha%2C_Poslaneck%C3%A1_sn%C4%9Bmovna_Parlamentu_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_republiky.jpg/300px-Praha%2C_Poslaneck%C3%A1_sn%C4%9Bmovna_Parlamentu_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_republiky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Praha%2C_Poslaneck%C3%A1_sn%C4%9Bmovna_Parlamentu_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_republiky.jpg/400px-Praha%2C_Poslaneck%C3%A1_sn%C4%9Bmovna_Parlamentu_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_republiky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Thunovský palác, la sedia da la Chombra dals deputads a Prag</figcaption></figure> <p>La Tschechia è ina republica parlamentara. Schef da stadi è il president. Il schef da la regenza dispona però da dretgs extendids en congual cun il schef da stadi. L’organ legislativ furma il parlament. Il sistem a duas chombras sa cumpona da la Chombra dals deputads e dal Senat. </p><p>Il president vegniva oriundamain elegì dal parlament e dapi il 2013 en elecziun directa. Il temp d’uffizi cumpiglia 5 onns, ina reelecziun n’è betg pussaivla. Il president nominescha e relascha il primminister ed ulteriurs commembers da la regenza. En tschertas situaziuns da crisa po el schliar la Chombra dals deputads. </p><p>Entaifer la procedura legislativa dispona il president d’in veto suspensiv e po renviar in sboz da lescha al parlament. Il president po medemamain disponer ch’ina procedura penala vegnia sistida u remetter in chasti. Ensemen cun il Senat nominescha el ils derschaders constituziunals. </p><p>Las duas chombras dal parlament vegnan elegidas tenor differents proceders. La Chombra dals deputads sa cumpona da 200 sezs e vegn occupada tenor il sistem electoral da proporz. La perioda da legislatura dura quatter onns. </p><p>Il Senat sa cumpona da 81 senaturs che vegnan tschernids en elecziun da maiorz. La perioda da legislatura cumpiglia 6 onns; per pudair vegnir elegì sco senatur ston ins avair ina vegliadetgna d’almain 40 onns. Las elecziuns han lieu en l’interval da dus onns; i vegn mintgamai elegì en in terz dals 81 circuls electorals. </p><p>Il dretg da votar han tut ils burgais da la Tschechia ch’han cumplenì il 18avel onn. </p><p>La regenza è l’organ superiur da l’executiva e sa cumpona dal primminister e dals ministers. Il primminister vegn nominà dal president da la Republica; sin proposta dal primminister nominescha il president alura ils ulteriurs commembers da la regenza. Silsuenter sto la regenza sa suttametter en il parlament ad ina votaziun da confidenza. </p><p>Entaifer l’ierarchia statala suondan a la regenza e ses uffizis centrals las corporaziuns territorialas cun dretg d’autodeterminaziun (cf. sutvart). </p><p>La giudicativa sa cumpona dal tribunal constitutiv e d’in sistem da dretgiras generalas da quatter stgalims; sisum quellas sa chatta il tribunal suprem resp. il tribunal administrativ suprem. </p><p>Per part vegn la Tschechia – tuttina sco l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Israel (n'exista betg)">Israel</a> ed intgins ulteriurs stadis da l’Europa da l’Ost e da l’Asia – descritta sco democrazia etnica, en la quala «la dominanza d’ina gruppa etnica è vegnida instituziunalisada».<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lingua_uffiziala">Lingua uffiziala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modifitgar secziun: Lingua uffiziala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=26" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Lingua uffiziala"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ina lingua uffiziala n’è betg fixada en la Tschechia a moda generala. Il diever dal tschec sco lingua uffiziala resulta però da singulas leschas che fixeschan il diever da la lingua per champs concrets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divisiun_administrativa">Divisiun administrativa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Modifitgar secziun: Divisiun administrativa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=27" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Divisiun administrativa"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:CZ_Cechy_Morava_kraje.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/CZ_Cechy_Morava_kraje.gif/300px-CZ_Cechy_Morava_kraje.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/CZ_Cechy_Morava_kraje.gif/450px-CZ_Cechy_Morava_kraje.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/CZ_Cechy_Morava_kraje.gif/600px-CZ_Cechy_Morava_kraje.gif 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>La sutdivisiun actuala da la Tschechia e las trais regiuns tradiziunalas Boemia (verd), Moravia (blau) e Silesia Tscheca (oransch)</figcaption></figure> <p>Unitads territorialas superiuras munidas cun dretgs d’autodeterminaziun furman en la Tschechia – tenor la sutdivisiun istorica – la Boemia, la Moravia e la Silesia. Alura suondan las 14 regiuns (<i>kraj</i>) ch’èn vegnidas stgaffidas il 2000 e las vischnancas (<i>obec</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polizia">Polizia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Modifitgar secziun: Polizia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=28" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Polizia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sper la polizia statala da la Republica Tscheca existan polizias communalas (resp. polizias da las citads) unifurmadas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Militar">Militar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Modifitgar secziun: Militar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=29" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Militar"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tar las forzas armadas tschecas sa tracti d’in’armada professiunala. Las parts principalas èn las forzas terrestras, l’aviatica militara e las forzas da sustegn. La Tschechia dispona da radund 21 000 schuldads e da ca. 11 000 reservists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Modifitgar secziun: Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=30" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Economia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Svilup_istoric">Svilup istoric</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Modifitgar secziun: Svilup istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=31" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Svilup istoric"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’economia da la Tschecoslovachia tutgava tradiziunalmain tar las pli sviluppadas en tut l’Europa. Surtut tranter il 1918 ed il 1939 ha quella cuntanschì in stadi fitg aut. L’interpresa da construcziun da maschinas Škoda è vegnida fundada l’onn 1859 e dumbrava gia l’onn 1900 3500 collavuraturs. Da quel temp era l’interpresa in impurtant producent d’armas: l’onn 1914 lavuravan tar Škoda radund 10 000 persunas, il 1917 eran quai 32 000. Ils emprims products suenter la guerra èn stadas locomotivas. Alura han ins sviluppà successivamain ils champs da fatschenta victualias, tubac, automobil ed aviatica. </p><p>Suenter ch’ils communists han surpiglià il 1948 il commando, ha la Tschecoslovachia bain furmà in dals pajais ils pli sviluppads dal bloc da l’ost. Ma cun stuair s’adattar a las prescripziuns da l’economia dirigistica n’ha ella betg pli pudì concurrer cun las pussanzas economicas mundialas. </p><p>Suenter la vieuta dal 1989 è l’economia dal pajais vegnida privatisada; quella è sa sviluppada a moda fitg positiva. La gronda part dal product naziunal brut deriva dal sectur da servetschs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economia_da_l’exteriur"><span id="Economia_da_l.E2.80.99exteriur"></span>Economia da l’exteriur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Modifitgar secziun: Economia da l’exteriur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=32" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Economia da l’exteriur"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il commerzi cun l’exteriur ha cuntanschì il 2016 cun radund 276 milliardas euros in nov record. Tut en tut correspundan ils exports da la Tschechia quasi a 85 % dal product naziunal brut. Da muntada è surtut il commerzi bilateral cun la Germania (32,4 % il 2016, entant che tut ils ulteriurs pajais cuntanschan be cumparts procentualas d’ina cifra). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industria">Industria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Modifitgar secziun: Industria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=33" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Industria"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:2018_Skoda_Superb_SE_L_Executive_TSi_1.4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2018_Skoda_Superb_SE_L_Executive_TSi_1.4.jpg/200px-2018_Skoda_Superb_SE_L_Executive_TSi_1.4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2018_Skoda_Superb_SE_L_Executive_TSi_1.4.jpg/300px-2018_Skoda_Superb_SE_L_Executive_TSi_1.4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2018_Skoda_Superb_SE_L_Executive_TSi_1.4.jpg/400px-2018_Skoda_Superb_SE_L_Executive_TSi_1.4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4924" data-file-height="2548" /></a><figcaption>Škoda è in dals impurtants patruns da lavur industrials dal pajais</figcaption></figure> <p>L’economia tscheca è orientada fitg ferm a l’industria (bundant 37 % dal product naziunal brut); da muntada centrala è qua surtut l’industria d’autos. Ils implants da Škoda tutgan tar ils pli gronds manaschis dal pajais insumma e furman la part centrala da l’export da la Tschechia. In’impurtanta pitga è sper l’industria d’autos la construcziun d’implants industrials ch’èn surtut destinads per l’Europa dal Vest ed auters stadis fitg sviluppads. Ulteriurs secturs centrals èn la metallurgia, la construcziun da maschinas, l’industria da victualias, l’industria da laina, l’industria chemica, petrochemica e farmaceutica, en pli la producziun da vaider e cheramica. </p><p>Surtut en la Boemia ha l’industria da vaider ina lunga tradiziun. Bleras fabricas da vaider sa laschan er visitar. La muntada economica da l’industria da vaider è però sa diminuida fermamain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energia">Energia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Modifitgar secziun: Energia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=34" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Energia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La cumpart da las singulas funtaunas d’energia a la producziun d’electricitad (brutto) sa preschentava l’onn 2010 sco suonda: charvun 53,6 %, energia atomara 33 %, gas natiral 8 %, energias regenerablas 5,3 %, products da petroli 0,2 %. En dus lieus (Dukovany e Temelín) èn en funcziun ovras atomaras che dumbran en tut 6 reacturs. </p><p>La Republica Tscheca exportescha mintg’onn radund 20 % da sia producziun d’electricitad. Quai correspunda pli u main a la producziun totala da l’ovra atomara Temelín. Tenor scenaris ch’il ministeri d’industria ha publitgà il 2014 pudess questa relaziun però sa midar radicalmain fin il 2040. Damai che divers stadis vischins investeschian en energias regenerablas na sa laschia energia d’implants electrics a basa da combustibels fossils u atomars betg pli exportar en avegnir en las medemas dimensiuns, uschia che lur rentabilitad saja periclitada fermamain. A basa da quest scenari ha la Tschechia decidì da reducir successivamain la producziun d’electricitad a basa da cotgla ed ha spustà u sbittà plans per eriger novas ovras atomaras. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agricultura">Agricultura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Modifitgar secziun: Agricultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=35" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Agricultura"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:On_the_field_-_Czech_republic_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/On_the_field_-_Czech_republic_-_panoramio.jpg/200px-On_the_field_-_Czech_republic_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/On_the_field_-_Czech_republic_-_panoramio.jpg/300px-On_the_field_-_Czech_republic_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/On_the_field_-_Czech_republic_-_panoramio.jpg/400px-On_the_field_-_Czech_republic_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Champ a Černovice en la regiun Vysočina</figcaption></figure> <p>L’agricultura sa concentrescha surtut sin la cultivaziun da furment, tirc, ierdi, ravas da zutger, tartuffels, plantas da pavel, vignas, legums e fritgs. Fitg centrala è er la cultivaziun da virtit sco basa per las bierarias ch’han en Tschechia ina lunga tradiziun. Daspera vegnan surtut elevads arments e pors ed er la chatscha e la pestga èn da muntada economica. D’impurtanza per il pajais è ultra da quai la selvicultura ed industria da laina. Radund in terz dal territori dal pajais è cuvert cun guauds; la laina vegn surtut elavurada per l’export. Da l’entira populaziun tscheca lavuran radund 4 % en l’agricultura. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cifras-clav_economicas">Cifras-clav economicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Modifitgar secziun: Cifras-clav economicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=36" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Cifras-clav economicas"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En la Tschechia vegnan explotads charvun da crap e da terra, caolin, arschiglia, grafit, crap da chaltschina, sablun da quarz e sper Dolní Rožínka er uran. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bilantscha_dal_stadi">Bilantscha dal stadi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Modifitgar secziun: Bilantscha dal stadi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=37" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Bilantscha dal stadi"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il 2016 ha la bilantscha dal stadi cumpiglià expensas en la valur da 74,7 milliardas dollars ed entradas da 73,7 milliardas dollars. Da quai è resultà in deficit en l’autezza da radund 0,5 % dal product naziunal brut. Ils debits statals han muntà il 2016 a 55,2 milliardas dollars u 37,6 % dal product naziunal brut. </p><p>En congual cun il product naziunal brut ha il stadi impundì 6,9 % en il sectur da sanadad (il 2006), 4,4 % en la furmaziun (2004) ed 1,6 % en il militar (2007).<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructura">Infrastructura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Modifitgar secziun: Infrastructura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=38" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Infrastructura"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vias_da_transit">Vias da transit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Modifitgar secziun: Vias da transit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=39" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Vias da transit"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cun la construcziun d’ina rait d’autostradas han ins bain gia cumenzà l’onn 1967; ma fin ils onns 190 eran be terminads ils tschancuns Prag–Brno e Brno–Bratislava. Dapi lura vegn la rait schlargiada cuntinuadamain. La fin da l’onn 2006 cumpigliava quella ina lunghezza da radund 630 km e radund 200 ulteriurs km sa chattavan en construcziun. A mesa vista è previsa ina rait d’autostradas d’ina lunghezza da radund 1000 km. Sin las autostradas tschecas vala ina sveltezza maximala da 130 km/h. </p><p>Sper las autostradas exista ina rait da vias da radund 55 000 km ch’è sutdividida en vias spertas e vias d’emprim, segund e terz urden. Per l’utilisaziun da las autostradas e vias spertas è necessaria ina vignetta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traffic_da_viafier">Traffic da viafier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Modifitgar secziun: Traffic da viafier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=40" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Traffic da viafier"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Grygov,_n%C3%A1dra%C5%BE%C3%AD,_jednotka_680.002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Grygov%2C_n%C3%A1dra%C5%BE%C3%AD%2C_jednotka_680.002.jpg/220px-Grygov%2C_n%C3%A1dra%C5%BE%C3%AD%2C_jednotka_680.002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Grygov%2C_n%C3%A1dra%C5%BE%C3%AD%2C_jednotka_680.002.jpg/330px-Grygov%2C_n%C3%A1dra%C5%BE%C3%AD%2C_jednotka_680.002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Grygov%2C_n%C3%A1dra%C5%BE%C3%AD%2C_jednotka_680.002.jpg/440px-Grygov%2C_n%C3%A1dra%C5%BE%C3%AD%2C_jednotka_680.002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3886" data-file-height="2241" /></a><figcaption>Pendolino da la viafier statala</figcaption></figure> <p>La viafier ha en la Tschechia ina tradiziun che tanscha enavos en la mesadad dal 19avel tschientaner. L’onn 2010 cumpigliava la rait da lingias bundant 9600 kilometers, quasi tuttina bler sco la Svizra. Abstrahà da las citads-stadi <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> e <a href="/wiki/Citad_dal_Vatican" title="Citad dal Vatican">Citad dal Vatican</a> è quai la pli spessa rait da viafier da tut il mund. La gronda part da las lingias vegnan gestiunadas da las České dráhy (Viafiers tschecas) che sa chattan en maun dal stadi. Pervi da sia posiziun en l’Europa Centrala è la Republica Tscheca daventada in impurtant pajais da transit. Tras il pajais mainan divers corridors d’EuroCity (p.ex. Berlin–Prag–Vienna u Hamburg–Berlin–Prag–Bratislava–Budapest). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aviatica">Aviatica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Modifitgar secziun: Aviatica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=41" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Aviatica"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Impurtantas plazzas aviaticas èn quellas da Prag, Brno-Tuřany, Ostrava e Karlovy Vary. Tut en tut datti en la Tschechia 91 plazzas aviaticas civilas. Las pli grondas societads aviaticas èn Czech Airlines, Travel Service e Smart Wings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traffic_sin_l’aua"><span id="Traffic_sin_l.E2.80.99aua"></span>Traffic sin l’aua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Modifitgar secziun: Traffic sin l’aua" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=42" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Traffic sin l’aua"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ils tschancuns dals flums Elba e Moldau (tschec: Vltava) cun status internaziunal èn colliads cun il sistem da vias d’aua europeic che mainan als ports da <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magdeburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magdeburg (n'exista betg)">Magdeburg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duisburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duisburg (n'exista betg)">Duisburg</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotterdam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotterdam (n'exista betg)">Rotterdam</a>. A Hamburg posseda la Republica Tscheca in port franc cun access direct a la Mar dal Nord. Quest territori da 30 000 meters quadrat è affittà fin il 2028 a la Tschechia sco successura legala da la ČSSR. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traffic_en_las_citads">Traffic en las citads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Modifitgar secziun: Traffic en las citads" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=43" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Traffic en las citads"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En citads pli grondas èn tram e bus ils meds da traffic publics usitads. En citads pli pitschnas curseschan be bus. En la chapitala <a href="/wiki/Prag" title="Prag">Prag</a> exista ina metro cun trais lingias che collian l’ur da la citad cun il center. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vias_da_velos">Vias da velos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=44" title="Modifitgar secziun: Vias da velos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=44" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Vias da velos"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En ils centers turistics ed en las citads exista ina rait da vias da velos che vegn extendida cuntinuadamain. Er bleras vias da velos europeicas passan tras la Tschechia. Numerusas da quellas mainan tras territori collinus, sco per exempel tras il guaud da la Boemia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medias_e_telecommunicaziun">Medias e telecommunicaziun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=45" title="Modifitgar secziun: Medias e telecommunicaziun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=45" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Medias e telecommunicaziun"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En la Tschechia cumparan 75 gasettas dal di; quellas vegnan legidas da 20 % da la populaziun. Daspera cumparan radund 60 periodicas che cuntanschan 9 % da la populaziun. Sur 4,3 milliuns attatgs da televisiun – en media 33,2 per 100 abitants – pon vegnir recepids 150 emetturs da televisiun; il consum da televisiun quotidian munta en media a 194 minutas. </p><p>La televisiun da dretg public sa numna Česká televize e cumpiglia ils programs ČT 1 (program general), ČT 2 (surtut cultura, emissiuns da consuments), ČT 24 (novitads) e ČT 4 (sport). Il radio da dretg public sa numna Český rozhlas ed emetta medemamain plirs programs naziunals sco er producziuns da studios regiunals. </p><p>Il 2013 han ins dumbrà 19 raits fixas e 131 contracts da telefonin per 100 abitants. Il 2016 nizzegiavan 88,4 % dals Tschecs l’internet. </p><p>L’interpresa da posta statala sa numna Česká pošta; la preselecziun da telefon internaziunala è il +420. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Furmaziun">Furmaziun</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=46" title="Modifitgar secziun: Furmaziun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=46" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Furmaziun"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La Republica Tscheca dispona actualmain da radund 75 scolas autas. Da quai avevan il 2008 24 scolas autas publicas, las duas statals e duas privatas il status d’universitad. La purschida da studis è daventada bundantamain pli vasta dapi ils onns 1990: devi lura 173 differents percurs da studi, èn quai uss bundant 2200. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=47" title="Modifitgar secziun: Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=47" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Cultura"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architectura">Architectura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=48" title="Modifitgar secziun: Architectura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=48" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Architectura"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_Krumlov,_z%C3%A1mek_%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_Krumlov.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_Krumlov%2C_z%C3%A1mek_%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_Krumlov.JPG/220px-%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_Krumlov%2C_z%C3%A1mek_%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_Krumlov.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_Krumlov%2C_z%C3%A1mek_%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_Krumlov.JPG/330px-%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_Krumlov%2C_z%C3%A1mek_%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_Krumlov.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_Krumlov%2C_z%C3%A1mek_%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_Krumlov.JPG/440px-%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_Krumlov%2C_z%C3%A1mek_%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_Krumlov.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Český Krumlov</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Prag_ginger_u_fred_gehry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Prag_ginger_u_fred_gehry.jpg/180px-Prag_ginger_u_fred_gehry.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Prag_ginger_u_fred_gehry.jpg/270px-Prag_ginger_u_fred_gehry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Prag_ginger_u_fred_gehry.jpg/360px-Prag_ginger_u_fred_gehry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1506" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>La Chasa sautanta a Prag</figcaption></figure> <p>Prag vegn er numnà ‹La citad da las 100 turs› e ‹Citad dad aur›. Qua èn reunids edifizis d’impurtanza architectonica da las differentas epocas da l’istorgia culturala europeica. Ma er ordaifer la chapitala sa chattan edifizis e monuments culturals da muntada. En tut appartegnan 12 lieus al Patrimoni mundial da l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unesco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unesco (n'exista betg)">Unesco</a>, tranter auter las citads veglias istoricas da Český Krumlov, Kutná Hora e Telč. </p><p>Imposantas catedralas da la gotica medievala furman il Veitsdom a <a href="/wiki/Prag" title="Prag">Prag</a> ed il dom da sontga Barbara a Kutná Hora. Pli veglia che la famusa Punt da Carl è la punt da crap a Písek. La cuntrada è segnada da numerus chastels e claustras dal temp medieval, per exempel dals chastels Karlštejn e Pernštejn e da las claustras Porta Coeli e Vyšší Brod. Perditgas da la renaschientscha boema furman ils chastels da Litomyšl, Jindřichův Hradec e Kratochvíle; er plazzas da citads sco quellas da Slavonice u Prachatice èn segnadas da quest stil. In’atgnadad tscheca è l’uschenumnada gotica barocca da Johann Blasius Santini-Aichl; il punct culminant da quella furma la baselgia da pelegrinadi Zelená Hora. Baroc e rococo han laschà en l’entir pajais lur fastizs. Exempels èn il chastè Kroměříž, la pitga da la trinitad ad Olomouc, il chastè Troja u il chastè da Nové Hrady tegnì en il stil da rococo. Ina varietad populara è il baroc puril da la Boemia dal Sid; da quel dat il vitg Holašovice perditga. Parcs classicistics furman la cuntrada cultivada Lednice-Valtice u Františkovy Lázně. A l’istorissem è d’attribuir la generaziun architectonica dal Teater naziunal. </p><p>A l’entschatta da l’architectura moderna sa chatta il jugendstil da Prag, dal qual la chasa municipala da Prag è l’edifizi il pli magnific. Josef Gočár ed auters han sviluppà l’architectura cubistica. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brno (n'exista betg)">Brno</a>, nua che sa chatta la Villa Tugendhat, è daventà in center da l’architectura funcziunalistica (Bohuslav Fuchs). L’architectura dal temp communistic vegn savens associada cun edifizis da plattas; prestaziuns architectonicas da quel temp furman las turs da televisiun Žižkov e Ještěd. Il pli enconuschent edifizi dal temp suenter il 1989 è la Chasa sautanta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_figurativ">Art figurativ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=49" title="Modifitgar secziun: Art figurativ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=49" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Art figurativ"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_M%C3%A1nes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Mánes (n'exista betg)">Josef Mánes</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vojt%C4%9Bch_Hynais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vojtěch Hynais (n'exista betg)">Vojtěch Hynais</a> èn represchentants da la pictura classica. Grond success sco pictur istoric ha gì <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A1clav_Bro%C5%BE%C3%ADk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Václav Brožík (n'exista betg)">Václav Brožík</a>. La pictura moderna han inizià en Tschechia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_%C5%A0vabinsk%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Švabinský (n'exista betg)">Max Švabinský</a> ed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton%C3%ADn_Slav%C3%AD%C4%8Dek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonín Slavíček (n'exista betg)">Antonín Slavíček</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfons_Mucha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfons Mucha (n'exista betg)">Alfons Mucha</a> è in represchentant dal jugendstil da muntada internaziunala. El è surtut daventà famus pervi da ses art da placats, ma er per si’ovra monumentala ‹L’epos slav› che represchenta scenas da l’istorgia tscheca. In dals piuniers mundials da l’art abstract è stà <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franti%C5%A1ek_Kupka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="František Kupka (n'exista betg)">František Kupka</a>; gia il 1911 è el sa deditgà a la pictura abstracta. Silsuenter è la pictura cubistica stada represchentada fermamain en la Tschechoslovachia (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_Filla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emil Filla (n'exista betg)">Emil Filla</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohumil_Kubi%C5%A1ta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bohumil Kubišta (n'exista betg)">Bohumil Kubišta</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_%C4%8Capek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Čapek (n'exista betg)">Josef Čapek</a>). Ils onns 1930 han <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jind%C5%99ich_%C5%A0tyrsk%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jindřich Štyrský (n'exista betg)">Jindřich Štyrský</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toyen (n'exista betg)">Toyen</a> fundà il surrealissem tschec, il qual <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_%C5%A0vankmajer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Švankmajer (n'exista betg)">Jan Švankmajer</a> ha tgirà fin en il temp preschent. Artists contemporans èn per exempel <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_%C4%8Cern%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Černý (n'exista betg)">David Černý</a> ed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Chromy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna Chromy (n'exista betg)">Anna Chromy</a> che fan omadus art en il spazi public. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Litteratura">Litteratura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=50" title="Modifitgar secziun: Litteratura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=50" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Litteratura"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En il 9avel tschientaner han Kyrillos e Methodios introducì il slav da baselgia vegl sco emprima lingua da scrittira slava. Da quella è sa sviluppà il tschec vegl ch’è daventà en il decurs dal temp medieval, sper il latin ed il tudestg, ina lingua litterara tant en la Boemia sco er en la Moravia. Las pli veglias cumprovas da la litteratura scritta en tschec vegl derivan dal 12avel e 13avel tschientaner; la fluriziun culturala è suandada sut il domini da Karel IV. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Hus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Hus (n'exista betg)">Jan Hus</a> ha introducì il 1406 ils segns diacritics en la lingua tscheca. En il 16avel tschientaner ha la translaziun da la Bibla da Kralice gì grond’influenza sin la litteratura tscheca. Impurtants litterats dal temp baroc èn stads il pedagog e scienzià universal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Amos_Comenius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Amos Comenius (n'exista betg)">Johann Amos Comenius</a> sco er il preditgant gesuit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bed%C5%99ich_Bridel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bedřich Bridel (n'exista betg)">Bedřich Bridel</a>. La fin dal 18avel tschientaner han <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Dobrovsk%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Dobrovský (n'exista betg)">Josef Dobrovský</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Jungmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Jungmann (n'exista betg)">Josef Jungmann</a> tschentà cun lur lavurs linguisticas il fundament per la renaschientscha naziunala. Igl è suandada la romantica cun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karel_Hynek_M%C3%A1cha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karel Hynek Mácha (n'exista betg)">Karel Hynek Mácha</a> sco represchentant principal ed il realissem cun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bo%C5%BEena_N%C4%9Bmcov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Božena Němcová (n'exista betg)">Božena Němcová</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Neruda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Neruda (n'exista betg)">Jan Neruda</a>. </p><p>La litteratura tscheca da la moderna è sa servida dals differents currents litterars ch’èn sa furmads vers il 1900 en l’Europa. La naschientscha dal stadi tschecoslovac ha enritgì enormamain il manaschi cultural en general. Impurtants auturs dal tranterguerras èn per exempel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaroslav_Ha%C5%A1ek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaroslav Hašek (n'exista betg)">Jaroslav Hašek</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karel_%C4%8Capek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karel Čapek (n'exista betg)">Karel Čapek</a>. A Prag, en ina famiglia gidieua da lingua tudestga, è er naschì <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Kafka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Kafka (n'exista betg)">Franz Kafka</a> (1883–1924); qua ha el passentà praticamain tut ses temp da vita e scrit sias famusas ovras sco ‹Das Schloss›, ‹Die Verwandlung› u ‹Der Prozess›. L’èra dal communissem ha danovamain manà a mesiras da censura, uschia che divers auturs èn ids en l’exil, tranter auter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_%C5%A0kvoreck%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Škvorecký (n'exista betg)">Josef Škvorecký</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milan_Kundera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milan Kundera (n'exista betg)">Milan Kundera</a>. Quels ch’èn restads en il pajais, sco <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohumil_Hrabal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bohumil Hrabal (n'exista betg)">Bohumil Hrabal</a> u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludv%C3%ADk_Vacul%C3%ADk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludvík Vaculík (n'exista betg)">Ludvík Vaculík</a>, han publitgà en il ‹Samizdat›. E dapi il 1989 è puspè pussaivla ina producziun litterara libra che resplenda tut las fassettas da la scena litterara d’ozendi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musica">Musica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=51" title="Modifitgar secziun: Musica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=51" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Musica"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Dvorak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Dvorak.jpg/160px-Dvorak.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Dvorak.jpg/240px-Dvorak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Dvorak.jpg/320px-Dvorak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2600" /></a><figcaption>Antonín Dvořák</figcaption></figure> <p>Il pli vegl document musical sin territori tschec è la chanzun spirituala ‹Hospodine, pomiluj ny› che deriva da la vieuta dal 10avel al 11avel tschientaner. La chanzun da Václav dal 12avel tschientaner (‹Svatý Václave›) è stada en diever fin en il 19avel tschientaner sco imni naziunal. En las claustras ha existì ina ritga tradiziun da musica da baselgia. En il 15avel tschientaner ha quella cuntinuà en furma da las chanzuns dals hussits; la pli enconuschenta dad ellas furma la chanzun da cumbat ‹Ktož jsú boží bojovníci›. Dal temp dal baroc èn enconuschents per l’emprima giada ils nums dals cumponists, tranter els <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Michna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Michna (n'exista betg)">Adam Michna</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Biber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Biber (n'exista betg)">Heinrich Biber</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Dismas_Zelenka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Dismas Zelenka (n'exista betg)">Jan Dismas Zelenka</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Anton_Benda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Anton Benda (n'exista betg)">Georg Anton Benda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franti%C5%A1ek_Xaver_Brixi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="František Xaver Brixi (n'exista betg)">František Xaver Brixi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Myslive%C4%8Dek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Mysliveček (n'exista betg)">Josef Mysliveček</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Baptist_Vanhal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Baptist Vanhal (n'exista betg)">Johann Baptist Vanhal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Ladislav_Dus%C3%ADk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Ladislav Dusík (n'exista betg)">Jan Ladislav Dusík</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Ko%C5%BEeluh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leopold Koželuh (n'exista betg)">Leopold Koželuh</a> ed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton%C3%ADn_Rejcha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonín Rejcha (n'exista betg)">Antonín Rejcha</a>. </p><p>Ils dus cumponists tschecs che duevan daventar enconuschents en tut il mund han omadus vivì en il 19avel tschientaner. Igl è quai per l’ina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bedřich Smetana (n'exista betg)">Bedřich Smetana</a> cun las famusas ovras romanticas sco ‹Vltava› (‹Moldau›) u l’opera ‹Prodaná nevěsta› (‹La spusa vendida›); per l’autra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonín Dvořák (n'exista betg)">Antonín Dvořák</a> ch’ha scrit nov sinfonias, operas, oratoris, musica da chombra e da clavazin. In ulteriur enconuschent cumponist è <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leoš Janáček (n'exista betg)">Leoš Janáček</a> ch’ha laschà s’inspirar da la musica populara morava. Famusa è ultra da quai la musica da sturs boema, da la quala il cumponist il pli enconuschent è <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Fu%C4%8D%C3%ADk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Fučík (n'exista betg)">Julius Fučík</a>. </p><p>Represchentants da la musica moderna èn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alois_H%C3%A1ba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alois Hába (n'exista betg)">Alois Hába</a>, in pionier da la musica microtonala, il cumponist da jazz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaroslav_Je%C5%BEek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaroslav Ježek (n'exista betg)">Jaroslav Ježek</a> u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavel_Haas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavel Haas (n'exista betg)">Pavel Haas</a>. Enconuschents chantauturs tschecs èn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karel_Ha%C5%A1ler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karel Hašler (n'exista betg)">Karel Hašler</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_%C5%A0litr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiří Šlitr (n'exista betg)">Jiří Šlitr</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karel_Kryl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karel Kryl (n'exista betg)">Karel Kryl</a>. Durant ils onns 1960 e 1970 è sa sviluppada a Prag ina cultura dad underground cun bands sco The Plastic People of the Universe, DG 307 e Psí vojáci. Musicists contemporans da divers geners èn per exempel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karel_Gott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karel Gott (n'exista betg)">Karel Gott</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iva_Bittov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iva Bittová (n'exista betg)">Iva Bittová</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucie_B%C3%ADl%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucie Bílá (n'exista betg)">Lucie Bílá</a> u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jarom%C3%ADr_Nohavica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaromír Nohavica (n'exista betg)">Jaromír Nohavica</a>. </p><p>Da muntada internaziunala è il festival da musica ch’ha mintgamai lieu la primavaira a Prag. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=52" title="Modifitgar secziun: Film" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=52" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Film"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il sectur da film è sviluppà fermamain en la Republica Tscheca. Ils studios da film Barrandov tutgan tar ils pli gronds e pli renumads en l’Europa. Mintg’onn ha lieu il festival da film internaziunal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlovy_Vary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karlovy Vary (n'exista betg)">Karlovy Vary</a>. Reschissurs sco <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milo%C5%A1_Forman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miloš Forman (n'exista betg)">Miloš Forman</a> (‹One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest›), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Sv%C4%9Br%C3%A1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Svěrák (n'exista betg)">Jan Svěrák</a> (‹Kolya›) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Menzel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiří Menzel (n'exista betg)">Jiří Menzel</a> (‹Ostře sledované vlaky›, tud. ‹Liebe nach Fahrplan›) han survegnì Oscars per lur producziuns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuschina">Cuschina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=53" title="Modifitgar secziun: Cuschina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=53" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Cuschina"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En la cuschina da la Boemia e Moravia domineschan spezialitads da charn sco brassà-portg (vepřo-knedlo-zelo) u brassà dal gnirunchel (svíčková). Tipicas garnituras èn canedels en bleras variaziuns, giabus alv e cotschen e bulieus. Enconuschentas tratgas senza charn èn veschlas da tartuffels (bramboráky) e chaschiel brassà (smažený sýr). Impurtantas èn er las spaisas da farina boemas ch’èn er vegnidas integradas en la cuschina austriaca en furma da Palatschinken, Buchteln, Kolatschen, Powidltascherl, Zwetschkenknödel, Dalken e.a. </p><p>La biera vala sco bavronda naziunala. Nagliur en tut il mund è il consum da biera uschè aut sco en la Tschechia. Marcas enconuschentas en tut il mund èn Pilsner Urquell e Budweiser. Surtut en la Moravia vegn er cultivada la viticultura. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dis_da_festa_e_tradiziuns">Dis da festa e tradiziuns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=54" title="Modifitgar secziun: Dis da festa e tradiziuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=54" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Dis da festa e tradiziuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En la Tschechia èn plirs dis da commemoraziun istorica vegnids declerads sco dis da festa naziunals. Tar quels tutgan il di da la statalitad tscheca ils 28 da settember (= il di da la mort da son Vintschegn), il di da la fundaziun dal stadi tschecoslovac ils 28 d’october ed il di dal cumbat per libertad e democrazia ils 17 da november. Daspera vegnan festivads ils firads dal chalender ecclesiastic. </p><p>A l’ierta culturala immateriala appartegnan la chavaltgada dals retgs, il saut da recruts Verbuňk en la Slovachia Morava e las processiuns da tschaiver en la regiun da Hlinecko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=55" title="Modifitgar secziun: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=55" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sport"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Jagr_Czech1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Jagr_Czech1.png/160px-Jagr_Czech1.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Jagr_Czech1.png/240px-Jagr_Czech1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Jagr_Czech1.png/320px-Jagr_Czech1.png 2x" data-file-width="1174" data-file-height="1256" /></a><figcaption>Jaromír Jágr a chaschun dals gieus olimpics dal 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>Radund 15 % da la populaziun tscheca èn commembers d’uniuns da sport. </p><p>Il pli impurtant sport (che vala er sco sport naziunal) è il hockey sin glatsch. En questa disciplina cuntanscha la Republica Tscheca regularmain success internaziunals (en rom da campiunadis mundials e gieus olimpics). </p><p>Impurtantas regiuns da sport d’enviern èn las Muntognas dals Gigants en il nord, il guaud boem en il vest sco er la muntogna Klínovec en la part tscheca da las Muntognas Metallicas. Harrachov e Liberec èn centers internaziunals da las disciplinas nordicas. </p><p>L’emprima liga da ballape cumpiglia 16 squadras. Duas da quellas vegnan relegadas la fin da la stagiun en la liga naziunala. </p><p>Entaifer il sport motorisà han cursas internaziunalas tranter auter lieu a Šternberk, en l’Automotodrom Brno ed a Mariánské Lázně. </p><p>Da muntada internaziunala en il sport da chavals è surtut la cursa da Pardubice; quella ha lieu dapi il 1874 ed è enconuschenta per sia direzza extraordinaria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annotaziuns">Annotaziuns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=56" title="Modifitgar secziun: Annotaziuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=56" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Annotaziuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161005143728/https://www.czso.cz/csu/2008edicniplan.nsf/engt/24003E05E7/$File/4032080117.pdf">CZSO <i>Population by nationality: as measured by 1921–2001 censuses</i></a> (PDF; 90 kB).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>European Roma Rights Centre</i>, cità tenor <i>Současná romská komunita v Evropě</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://romove.radio.cz/cz/clanek/18884">romove.radio.cz</a>, consultà ils 31 da mars 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf"><i>Special Eurobarometer</i></a>, consultà ils 22 d’avust 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171207033922/http://pledarigrond.ch/rumantschgrischun/#searchPhrase=tschechia">Pledari Grond</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Stich: <i>Čech, Český, Čechy, Česko. Ein Land und seine Namen.</i> En: Walter Koschmal (ed.): <i>Deutsche und Tschechen. Geschichte, Kultur, Politik.</i> C.H. Beck, Minca 2001, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3406459544" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-406-45954-4</a>, p.  14–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Karel Valoch: <i>Paläolithische Archäologie in der ehemaligen Tschechoslowakei und ihr Beitrag zur mitteleuropäischen Forschung.</i> En: <i>Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte</i> 19, 2010, p. 71–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Karel Vodička, Ladislav Cabada: <i>Politický systém České republiky.</i> Portál, Prag 2003, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/8071787183" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 80-7178-718-3</a>, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oded Haklai: <i>Regime transition and the emergence of ethnic minorities.</i> En: Jacques Bertrand, Oded Haklai (ed.): <i>Democratization and Ethnic Minorities. Conflict of Compromise?</i> Rouledge, 2014, p. 18–38; Robert J. Kaiser: <i>Czechoslovakia: the Desintegration of a Binational State.</i> En: Graham Smith (ed.): <i>Federalism: The Multiethnic Challenge.</i> Rouledge, Londra/New York 2014, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9780582225787" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-582-22578-7</a>, p. 208–236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fischer_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Der Fischer Weltalmanach 2010: Zahlen Daten Fakten</i>, Fischer, Francfurt, 8 da settember 2009, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783596729104" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-596-72910-4</a>.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratura_2">Litteratura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=57" title="Modifitgar secziun: Litteratura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=57" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Litteratura"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hochman, Jiří (1998): <i>Historical dictionary of the Czech State</i>. Scarecrow Press, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0810833387" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0810833387</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colliaziuns">Colliaziuns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&veaction=edit&section=58" title="Modifitgar secziun: Colliaziuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschechia&action=edit&section=58" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Colliaziuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" 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style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;;;border:none;; font-size:xx-small;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Model:Navigaziun_Stadis_da_l%27Europa" title="Model:Navigaziun Stadis da l'Europa"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/20px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/30px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/40px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size:110%;">Stadis da l'<a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <p><b>Stadis suverans:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia">Bielorussia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_ed_Erzegovina" title="Bosnia ed Erzegovina">Bosnia ed Erzegovina</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a 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title="Serbia">Serbia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Slovachia" title="Slovachia">Slovachia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna">Spagna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Svezia" title="Svezia">Svezia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Svizra" title="Svizra">Svizra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Tirchia" title="Tirchia">Tirchia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tschechia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucraina</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ungaria" title="Ungaria">Ungaria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Citad_dal_Vatican" title="Citad dal Vatican">Vatican</a><br /> </p> <b>Territoris 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